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Hu J, Zou H, Qiao X, Wang Y, Lv M, Zhang K, Wang F. The relationship between oxidative balance scores and chronic diarrhea and constipation: a population-based study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1366. [PMID: 38773415 PMCID: PMC11106991 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is closely related to gut health. Exposures to oxidative stress in one's diet and lifestyle can be evaluated by the oxidative balance score (OBS). However, the relationship between OBS and intestinal habits is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between OBS and intestinal habits (chronic diarrhea and chronic constipation) and the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2005 to 2010, we included a total of 8065 participants. Twenty dietary and lifestyle factors were selected for the OBS calculates. Chronic constipation and chronic diarrhea were defined using the Bristol stool form scale (BSFS) types 1 and 2 and the BSFS 6 and 7, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between OBS and defecation habits. Finally, we used mediation analysis to explore the indirect effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers on these associations. RESULTS After adjusting for all the covariates, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that OBS was negatively correlated with diarrhea (OR = 0.57; 95%CI = 0.39-0.83; P = 0.008)and positively correlated with constipation (OR = 1.75; 95%CI = 1.19-2.25; P = 0.008). The RCS showed a nonlinear relationship between OBS and diarrhea (P for nonlinearity = 0.02) and a linear relationship between OBS and constipation (P for nonlinearity = 0.19). Mediation analysis showed that the C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and white blood cell (WBC) count mediated the correlation between OBS and diarrhea by 6.28% and 6.53%, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS OBS is closely related to changes in patients' defecation habits. Oxidative stress and inflammation may play a role in the relationship between the two. This result emphasizes the importance of the public adjusting their lifestyle and dietary habits according to their own situation. However, further prospective studies are needed to analyze the relationship between oxidative stress and changes in defecation habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Hu
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hede Zou
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiyun Qiao
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mi Lv
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunli Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Andy UU, Iriondo-Perez J, Carper B, Richter HE, Dyer KY, Florian-Rodriguez M, Napoe GS, Myers D, O'Shea M, Mazloomdoost D, Gantz MG. Dietary Intake and Symptom Severity in Women with Fecal Incontinence. Int Urogynecol J 2024; 35:1061-1067. [PMID: 38656362 PMCID: PMC11150312 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-024-05776-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS The goal of this study was to determine whether dietary fat/fiber intake was associated with fecal incontinence (FI) severity. METHODS Planned supplemental analysis of a randomized clinical trial evaluating the impact of 12-week treatment with percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus sham in reducing FI severity in women. All subjects completed a food screener questionnaire at baseline. FI severity was measured using the seven-item validated St. Mark's (Vaizey) FI severity scale. Participants also completed a 7-day bowel diary capturing the number of FI-free days, FI events, and bowel movements per week. Spearman's correlations were calculated between dietary, St. Mark's score, and bowel diary measures. RESULTS One hundred and eighty-six women were included in this analysis. Mean calories from fats were 32% (interquartile range [IQR] 30-35%). Mean dietary fiber intake was 13.9 ± 4.3 g. The percentage of calories from fats was at the higher end of recommended values, whereas fiber intake was lower than recommended for adult women (recommended values: calories from fat 20-35% and 22-28 g of fiber/day). There was no correlation between St. Mark's score and fat intake (r = 0.11, p = 0.14) or dietary fiber intake (r = -0.01, p = 0.90). There was a weak negative correlation between the number of FI-free days and total fat intake (r = -0.20, p = 0.008). Other correlations between dietary fat/fiber intake and bowel diary measures were negligible or nonsignificant. CONCLUSION Overall, in women with moderate to severe FI, there was no association between FI severity and dietary fat/fiber intake. Weak associations between FI frequency and fat intake may suggest a role for dietary assessment in the evaluation of women with FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uduak U Andy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, 3737 Market Street, 12Th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Jeniffer Iriondo-Perez
- Social, Statistical & Environmental Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin Carper
- Social, Statistical & Environmental Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Holly E Richter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Keisha Y Dyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Maria Florian-Rodriguez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - G Sarah Napoe
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deborah Myers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michele O'Shea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Donna Mazloomdoost
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marie G Gantz
- Social, Statistical & Environmental Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
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Cruz-Muñoz JR, Valdez-Morales EE, Barajas-Espinosa A, Barrios-García T, Liñán-Rico A, Guerrero-Alba R. Gene expression alterations of purinergic signaling components in obesity-associated intestinal low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10006-1. [PMID: 38587723 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal low-grade inflammation induced by a high-fat diet has been found to detonate chronic systemic inflammation, which is a hallmark of obesity, and precede the apparition of insulin resistance, a key factor for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Aberrant purinergic signaling pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and other gastrointestinal diseases. However, their role in the gut inflammation associated with obesity and T2D remains unexplored. C57BL/6 J mice were fed a cafeteria diet for 21 weeks and received one injection of streptozotocin in their sixth week into the diet. The gene expression profile of purinergic signaling components in colon tissue was assessed by RT-qPCR. Compared to control mice, the treated group had a significant reduction in colonic length and mucosal and muscular layer thickness accompanied by increased NF-κB and IL-1β mRNA expression. Furthermore, colonic P2X2, P2X7, and A3R gene expression levels were lower, while the P2Y2, NT5E, and ADA expression levels increased. In conclusion, these data suggest that these purinergic signaling components possibly play a role in intestinal low-grade inflammation associated with obesity and T2D and thus could represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of the metabolic complications related to these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Cruz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags, México
| | - Eduardo E Valdez-Morales
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags, México
| | - Alma Barajas-Espinosa
- Escuela Superior de Huejutla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo, México
| | - Tonatiuh Barrios-García
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags, México
| | - Andrómeda Liñán-Rico
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología (CONAHCYT), Universidad de Colima, Colima, México.
| | - Raquel Guerrero-Alba
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags, México.
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4
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Uppaluri S, Jain MA, Ali H, Shingala J, Amin D, Ajwani T, Fatima I, Patel N, Kaka N, Sethi Y, Kapoor N. Pathogenesis and management of diabetic gastroparesis: An updated clinically oriented review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102994. [PMID: 38579489 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetic gastroparesis (DGp) is a common and preventable complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (D.M.) and significantly affects the Quality of Life of patients. Diagnosis and management present as a clinical challenge due to the disease's complexity and limited effective therapeutic options. This review aims to comprehensively outline the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of diabetic gastroparesis, evaluating evolving approaches to guide clinicians and provide future recommendations. METHODS A literature review was conducted on scholarly databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science encompassing published articles, gray literature and relevant clinical guidelines. Data were synthesized and analyzed to provide a comprehensive overview of diabetic gastroparesis, focusing on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. RESULTS The review intricately explores the pathogenesis contributing to diabetic gastroparesis, emphasizing autonomic neuropathy, oxidative stress, inflammation, hormonal dysregulation, microbiota alterations, and gastrointestinal neuropathy. Primary management strategies are underscored, including lifestyle modifications, symptom relief, and glycemic control. The discussion encompasses pharmacological and surgical options, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving various healthcare professionals for comprehensive patient care. CONCLUSION This review offers a thorough understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of diabetic gastroparesis, underlining evolving approaches for clinicians. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial to address both the physical and mental health aspects of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikar Uppaluri
- Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Hyderabad, India; PearResearch, Dehradun, India.
| | - Manisha Ashok Jain
- PearResearch, Dehradun, India; Shri Bhausaheb Hire Govt. Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Hira Ali
- PearResearch, Dehradun, India; Chifeng University Medical College, China.
| | - Jay Shingala
- PearResearch, Dehradun, India; B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Dhruti Amin
- PearResearch, Dehradun, India; GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Gotri, Vadodara, India.
| | - Trisha Ajwani
- PearResearch, Dehradun, India; Baroda Medical College, Gujarat, India.
| | - Irum Fatima
- PearResearch, Dehradun, India; Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Neil Patel
- PearResearch, Dehradun, India; GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Nirja Kaka
- PearResearch, Dehradun, India; GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Yashendra Sethi
- PearResearch, Dehradun, India; Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, India.
| | - Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
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Acciarino A, Diwakarla S, Handreck J, Bergola C, Sahakian L, McQuade RM. The role of the gastrointestinal barrier in obesity-associated systemic inflammation. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13673. [PMID: 38111141 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is a key contributor to the onset and progression of several obesity-associated diseases and is thought to predominantly arise from the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of white adipose tissue. However, a growing body of works suggests that early changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) barrier may contribute to both local, within the GI lining, and systemic inflammation in obesity. Intestinal barrier dysfunction is well-characterized in inflammatory GI disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and is known to contribute to systemic inflammation. Thus, drawing parallels between GI disorders, where intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation are prominent features, and obesity-induced GI manifestations may provide insights into the potential role of the intestinal barrier in systemic inflammation in obesity. This review summarizes the current literature surrounding intestinal barrier dysfunction in obesity and explores the potential role of intestinal hyperpermeability and intestinal barrier dysfunction in the development of systemic inflammation and GI dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Acciarino
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shanti Diwakarla
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Handreck
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cedrick Bergola
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren Sahakian
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel M McQuade
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Bertoli D, Mark EB, Liao D, Okdahl T, Nauser S, Daugberg LH, Brock C, Brock B, Knop FK, Krogh K, Brøndum Frøkjær J, Drewes AM. MRI-Based Quantification of Pan-Alimentary Function and Motility in Subjects with Diabetes and Gastrointestinal Symptoms. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5968. [PMID: 37762909 PMCID: PMC10532375 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes-induced gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common but difficult to correctly diagnose and manage. We used multi-segmental magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate structural and functional GI parameters in diabetic patients and to study the association with their symptomatic presentation. Methods: Eighty-six participants (46 with diabetes and GI symptoms, 40 healthy controls) underwent baseline and post-meal MRI scans at multiple timepoints. Questionnaires were collected at inclusion and following the scans. Data were collected from the stomach, small bowel, and colon. Associations between symptoms and collected data were explored. Utilizing machine learning, we determined which features differentiated the two groups the most. Key Results: The patient group reported more symptoms at inclusion and during MRI scans. They showed 34% higher stomach volume at baseline, 40% larger small bowel volume, 30% smaller colon volume, and less small bowel motility postprandially. They also showed positive associations between gastric volume and satiety scores, gastric emptying time and reflux scores, and small bowel motility and constipation scores. No differences in gastric emptying were observed. Small bowel volume and motility were used as inputs to a classification tool that separated patients and controls with 76% accuracy. Conclusions: In this work, we studied structural and functional differences between patients with diabetes and GI symptoms and healthy controls and observed differences in stomach, small bowel, and colon volumes, as well as an adynamic small bowel in patients with diabetes and GI symptoms. Associations between recorded parameters and perceived symptoms were also explored and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bertoli
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (D.B.); (E.B.M.); (D.L.); (T.O.); (S.N.); (L.H.D.); (C.B.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Esben Bolvig Mark
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (D.B.); (E.B.M.); (D.L.); (T.O.); (S.N.); (L.H.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Donghua Liao
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (D.B.); (E.B.M.); (D.L.); (T.O.); (S.N.); (L.H.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Tina Okdahl
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (D.B.); (E.B.M.); (D.L.); (T.O.); (S.N.); (L.H.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Serena Nauser
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (D.B.); (E.B.M.); (D.L.); (T.O.); (S.N.); (L.H.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Louise Hostrup Daugberg
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (D.B.); (E.B.M.); (D.L.); (T.O.); (S.N.); (L.H.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Christina Brock
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (D.B.); (E.B.M.); (D.L.); (T.O.); (S.N.); (L.H.D.); (C.B.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Brock
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.B.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Filip Krag Knop
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.B.); (F.K.K.)
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Klaus Krogh
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Brøndum Frøkjær
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (D.B.); (E.B.M.); (D.L.); (T.O.); (S.N.); (L.H.D.); (C.B.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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Zhou Q, Yang L, Verne ML, Zhang BB, Fields J, Verne GN. Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Loss Drives Cell-Specific Nociceptive Signaling via the Enteric Catechol-O-Methyltransferase/microRNA-155/Tumor Necrosis Factor α Axis. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:630-641.e34. [PMID: 36623778 PMCID: PMC10038873 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The etiology of abdominal pain in postinfectious, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS-D) is unknown, and few treatment options exist. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme that inactivates and degrades biologically active catecholamines, plays an important role in numerous physiologic processes, including modulation of pain perception. Our objective was to determine the mechanism(s) of how decreased colonic COMT in PI-IBS-D patients contributes to the chronic abdominal pain phenotype after enteric infections. METHODS Colon neurons, epithelial cells, and macrophages were procured with laser capture microdissection from PI-IBS-D patients to evaluate cell-specific colonic COMT, microRNA-155 (miR-155), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α expression levels compared to recovered patients (infection cleared: did not develop PI-IBS-D) and control individuals. COMT-/-, colon-specific COMT-/-, and miR-155-/- mice and human colonoids were used to model phenotypic expression of COMT in PI-IBS-D patients and to investigate signaling pathways linking abdominal pain. Citrobacter rodentium and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid animal models were used to model postinflammatory changes seen in PI-IBS-D patients. RESULTS Colonic COMT levels were significantly decreased and correlated with increased visual analog scale abdominal pain ratings in PI-IBS-D patients compared to recovered patients and control individuals. Colonic miR-155 and TNF-α were increased in PI-IBS-D patients with diminished colonic COMT. COMT-/- mice had significantly increased expression of miR-155 and TNF-α in both colon tissues and dorsal root ganglia. Introduction of cV1q antibody (anti-TNF-α) into mice reversed visceral hypersensitivity after C rodentium and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. CONCLUSIONS Decreased colonic COMT in PI-IBS-D patients drives abdominal pain phenotypes via the COMT/miR-155/TNF-α axis. These important findings will allow new treatment paradigms and more targeted and personalized medicine approaches for gastrointestinal disorders after enteric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiQi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Meghan L Verne
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Benjamin B Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jeremy Fields
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - George Nicholas Verne
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Memphis, Tennessee.
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Wan Y, Zhou T, Slevin E, Koyama S, Li X, Harrison K, Li T, Zhou B, Lorenzo SR, Zhang Y, Xu W, Klaunig JE, Wu C, Shetty AK, Huang CK, Meng F. Liver-specific deletion of microRNA-34a alleviates ductular reaction and liver fibrosis during experimental cholestasis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22731. [PMID: 36583714 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201453r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by inflammatory responses and fibrotic scar formation leading to cholestasis. Ductular reaction and liver fibrosis are typical liver changes seen in human PSC and cholestasis patients. The current study aimed to clarify the role of liver-specific microRNA-34a in the cholestasis-associated ductular reaction and liver fibrosis. We demonstrated that miR-34a expression was significantly increased in human PSC livers along with the enhanced ductular reaction, cellular senescence, and liver fibrosis. A liver-specific miR-34a knockout mouse was established by crossing floxed miR-34a mice with albumin-promoter-driven Cre mice. Bile duct ligation (BDL) induced liver injury characterized by necrosis, fibrosis, and immune cell infiltration. In contrast, liver-specific miR-34a knockout in BDL mice resulted in decreased biliary ductular pathology associated with the reduced cholangiocyte senescence and fibrotic responses. The miR-34a-mediated ductular reactions may be functioning through Sirt-1-mediated senescence and fibrosis. The hepatocyte-derived conditioned medium promoted LPS-induced fibrotic responses and senescence in cholangiocytes, and miR-34a inhibitor suppressed these effects, further supporting the involvement of paracrine regulation. In conclusion, we demonstrated that liver-specific miR-34a plays an important role in ductular reaction and fibrotic responses in a BDL mouse model of cholestatic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Elise Slevin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sachiko Koyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xuedong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kelly Harrison
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bingru Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Yudian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - James E Klaunig
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology and Pathology, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Chiung-Kuei Huang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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9
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Functional Implications and Clinical Potential of MicroRNAs in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Concise Review. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:38-53. [PMID: 35507132 PMCID: PMC9066399 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny (20-24 nucleotides long), non-coding, highly conserved RNA molecules that play a crucial role within the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via sequence-specific mechanisms. Since the miRNA transcriptome is involved in multiple molecular processes needed for cellular homeostasis, its altered expression can trigger the development and progression of several human pathologies. In this context, over the last few years, several relevant studies have demonstrated that dysregulated miRNAs affect a wide range of molecular mechanisms associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common gastrointestinal disorder. For instance, abnormal miRNA expression in IBS patients is related to the alteration of intestinal permeability, visceral hyperalgesia, inflammatory pathways, and pain sensitivity. Besides, specific miRNAs are differentially expressed in the different subtypes of IBS, and therefore, they might be used as biomarkers for precise diagnosis of these pathological conditions. Accordingly, miRNAs have noteworthy potential as theragnostic targets for IBS. Hence, in this current review, we present an overview of the recent discoveries regarding the clinical relevance of miRNAs in IBS, which might be useful in the future for the development of miRNA-based drugs against this disorder.
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10
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Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Bacterial Enterocytes and Therapeutic Target in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010072. [PMID: 36672580 PMCID: PMC9855839 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disease with multiple gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea or constipation, abdominal pain, bloating) whose pathogenesis is multifactorial. The most important of these factors is the enteric nervous system, also known as the "second brain"; a part of the peripheral nervous system capable of functioning independently of the central nervous system. Modulation of the enteric nervous system can be done by short-chain fatty acids, which are bacterial metabolites of the intestinal microbiota. In addition, these acids provide multiple benefits in diabetes, particularly by stimulating glucagon-like peptide 1 and insulin secretion. However, it is not clear what type of nutraceuticals (probiotics, prebiotics, and alimentary supplements) can be used to increase the amount of short-chain fatty acids and achieve the beneficial effects in diabetes. Thus, even if several studies demonstrate that the gut microbiota modulates the activity of the ENS, and thus, may have a positive effect in diabetes, further studies are needed to underline this effect. This review outlines the most recent data regarding the involvement of SCFAs as a disease modifying agent in diabetes mellitus type 2. For an in-depth understanding of the modulation of gut dysbiosis with SCFAs in diabetes, we provide an overview of the interplay between gut microbiota and ENS.
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11
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Nobiletin protects enteric nerves and ameliorates disordered bowel motility in diet-induced obese mice via increasing Trem2 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 635:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Hayashi C, Fukuda T, Kawakami K, Toyoda M, Nakao Y, Watanabe Y, Shinjo T, Sano T, Iwashita M, Yotsumoto K, Shida M, Taketomi T, Sanui T, Uchiumi T, Kanematsu T, Nishimura F. miR-1260b inhibits periodontal bone loss by targeting ATF6β mediated regulation of ER stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1061216. [PMID: 36531939 PMCID: PMC9748617 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1061216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The expression profiles of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulated by the microenvironment, and appropriate priming with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is one of the strategies to enhance the paracrine potency of MSCs. Our previous work demonstrated that exosomes from tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-primed human gingiva-derived MSCs (GMSCs) could be a therapeutic tool against periodontitis, and that TNFα-inducible exosomal miR-1260b is essential for the inhibition of alveolar bone loss. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying miR-1260b-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis is not yet fully understood. Here, we found that the activating transcription factor (ATF)-6β, a novel miR-1260b-targeting gene, is critical for the regulation of osteoclastogenesis under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. An experimental periodontal mouse model demonstrated that induction of ER stress was accompanied by enhanced ATF6β expression, and local administration of miR-1260b and ATF6β siRNA using polyethylenimine nanoparticles (PEI-NPs) significantly suppressed the periodontal bone resorption. In periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, the ER stress inducer, tunicamycin, enhanced the expression of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), while miR-1260b-mediated downregulation of ATF6β caused RANKL inhibition. Furthermore, the secretome from miR-1260b/ATF6β-axis-activated PDL cells inhibited osteoclastogenesis in human CD14+ peripheral blood-derived monocytes. These results indicate that the miR-1260b/ATF6β axis mediates the regulation of ER stress, which may be used as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Hayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Fukuda
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawakami
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Toyoda
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakao
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukari Watanabe
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sano
- Department of Cell Biology, Aging Science, and Pharmacology, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Misaki Iwashita
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Karen Yotsumoto
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miyu Shida
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaharu Taketomi
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Terukazu Sanui
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Department of Cell Biology, Aging Science, and Pharmacology, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Pang Y, Zheng Y, Yang N, Zan M, Zhang L, Ding W. Potential novel biomarkers in small intestine for obesity/obesity resistance revealed by multi-omics analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:98. [PMID: 36209126 PMCID: PMC9547412 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although obesity is caused by different factors, individual susceptibility to obesity differs among people under the same circumstances. The microbiota in the caecum or fresh faeces and metabolites in blood or urine contribute to obesity resistance; however, the microbiota or metabolites in the small intestine have not been extensively studied. Methods To investigate the relationship between the microbiota or metabolites in the small intestine and susceptibility to obesity, eighty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to establish two models of obesity and obesity resistance. For further study, six mice were chosen from among the obesity models, and twelve mice were randomly chosen from among the obesity resistance models. After fasting plasma glucose and behavioural testing, the mice were fed in single cages for another 4 weeks to observe their weight and food intake. All mice were sacrificed at 20 weeks of age. Serum ALT, AST, HDL, LDL, TG and TC levels were measured using an automatic biochemical analyser. The microbiota and metabolites in the small intestine contents were analysed using 16 S sequencing and an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatographic system, respectively. Transcripts in the jejunum were evaluated using full-length transcriptome sequencing and verified by qPCR. Results The results showed that HFD induced depression and anxiety behaviours and higher fasting plasma glucose, ALT, AST, HDL, LDL, TG and TC levels in the obese mice; however, these levels were improved in obese resistance mice. The correlation analysis showed that the phosphatidylcholine, TG, and phosphatidylethanolamine levels were higher in obese mice and correlated positively with intestinal microflora (Desulfovibrio and Gemella) and the Cxcl10 gene. A higher abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in obesity-resistant mice correlated negatively with the metabolite contents (neuromedin N and enkephalin L) and Pck1 gene expression and correlated positively with certain metabolites (5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, cinnamyl alcohol and 1 H-indole-3-acetamide) and genes expression (Gdf15, Igfbp6 and Spp1). Conclusion Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, neuromedin N, enkephalin L, Pck1, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, Cxcl10 and cinnamyl alcohol may be novel biomarkers in the small intestine for obesity/obesity resistance. These might be helpful for obesity prevention or for treating obese patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01711-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshan Pang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, North SiChuan Medical College, 637000, Nanchong, China
| | - Yali Zheng
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Zan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - WeiJun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Schneider KM, Kim J, Bahnsen K, Heuckeroth RO, Thaiss CA. Environmental perception and control of gastrointestinal immunity by the enteric nervous system. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:989-1005. [PMID: 36208986 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) forms a versatile sensory system along the gastrointestinal tract that interacts with most cell types in the bowel. Herein, we portray host-environment interactions at the intestinal mucosal surface through the lens of the enteric nervous system. We describe local cellular interactions as well as long-range circuits between the enteric, central, and peripheral nervous systems. Additionally, we discuss recently discovered mechanisms by which enteric neurons and glia respond to biotic and abiotic environmental changes and how they regulate intestinal immunity and inflammation. The enteric nervous system emerges as an integrative sensory system with manifold immunoregulatory functions under both homeostatic and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Markus Schneider
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Jihee Kim
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Klaas Bahnsen
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Robert O Heuckeroth
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
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15
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Almeida PP, Valdetaro L, Thomasi BBDM, Stockler-Pinto MB, Tavares-Gomes AL. High-fat diets on the enteric nervous system: Possible interactions and mechanisms underlying dysmotility. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13404. [PMID: 34873814 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that affects various physiological systems. Among them, the gastrointestinal tract appears to be a main target of this disease. High-fat diet (HFD) animal models can help recapitulate the classic signs of obesity and present a series of gastrointestinal alterations, mainly dysmotility. Because intestinal motility is governed by the enteric nervous system (ENS), enteric neurons, and glial cells have been studied in HFD models. Given the importance of the ENS in general gut physiology, this review aims to discuss the relationship between HFD-induced neuroplasticity and gut dysmotility observed in experimental models. Furthermore, we highlight components of the gut environment that might influence enteric neuroplasticity, including gut microbiota, enteric glio-epithelial unit, serotonin release, immune cells, and disturbances such as inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Valdetaro
- Postgraduate Program in Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Barcza Stockler-Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
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16
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Lnc-PFAR facilitates autophagy and exacerbates pancreatic fibrosis by reducing pre-miR-141 maturation in chronic pancreatitis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:996. [PMID: 34697288 PMCID: PMC8547218 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is described as progressive inflammatory fibrosis of pancreas, accompanied with irreversible impaired endocrine and exocrine insufficiency. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are widely distributed in the stroma of the pancreas and PSCs activation has been shown as one of the leading causes for pancreatic fibrosis. Our previous study has revealed that autophagy is dramatically activated in CP tissues, which facilitates PSCs activation and pancreatic fibrosis. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been recognized as crucial regulators for fibrosis-related diseases. LncRNAs interact with RNA binding protein or construct competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis which elicited the fibrotic processes. Until now, the effects of lncRNAs on PSCs activation and pancreatic fibrosis have not been clearly explored. In this study, a novel lncRNA named Lnc-PFAR was found highly expressed in mouse and human CP tissues. Our data revealed that Lnc-PFAR facilitates PSCs activation and pancreatic fibrosis via RB1CC1-induced autophagy. Lnc-PFAR reduces miR-141 expression by suppressing pre-miR-141 maturation, which eventually upregulates the RB1CC1 and fibrosis-related indicators expression. Meanwhile, Lnc-PFAR enhanced PSCs activation and pancreatic fibrosis through trigging autophagy. Our study interrogates a novel lncRNA-induced mechanism in promoting the development of pancreatic fibrosis, and Lnc-PFAR is suggested to be a prospective therapeutic target in clinical scenarios.
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17
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Singh R, Zogg H, Ro S. Role of microRNAs in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions: Clinical Insights and Therapeutic Alternatives. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11101021. [PMID: 34683162 PMCID: PMC8541612 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of gut–brain interactions (DGBIs) are heterogeneous in nature and intertwine with diverse pathophysiological mechanisms. Regular functioning of the gut requires complex coordinated interplay between a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) cell types and their functions are regulated by multiple mechanisms at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to specific mRNA targets to repress their translation and/or promote the target mRNA degradation. Dysregulation of miRNAs might impair gut physiological functions leading to DGBIs and gut motility disorders. Studies have shown miRNAs regulate gut functions such as visceral sensation, gut immune response, GI barrier function, enteric neuronal development, and GI motility. These biological processes are highly relevant to the gut where neuroimmune interactions are key contributors in controlling gut homeostasis and functional defects lead to DGBIs. Although extensive research has explored the pathophysiology of DGBIs, further research is warranted to bolster the molecular mechanisms behind these disorders. The therapeutic targeting of miRNAs represents an attractive approach for the treatment of DGBIs because they offer new insights into disease mechanisms and have great potential to be used in the clinic as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Here, we review recent advances regarding the regulation of miRNAs in GI pacemaking cells, immune cells, and enteric neurons modulating pathophysiological mechanisms of DGBIs. This review aims to assess the impacts of miRNAs on the pathophysiological mechanisms of DGBIs, including GI dysmotility, impaired intestinal barrier function, gut immune dysfunction, and visceral hypersensitivity. We also summarize the therapeutic alternatives for gut microbial dysbiosis in DGBIs, highlighting the clinical insights and areas for further exploration. We further discuss the challenges in miRNA therapeutics and promising emerging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seungil Ro
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-775-784-1462; Fax: +1-775-784-6903
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18
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Wei L, Singh R, Ha SE, Martin AM, Jones LA, Jin B, Jorgensen BG, Zogg H, Chervo T, Gottfried-Blackmore A, Nguyen L, Habtezion A, Spencer NJ, Keating DJ, Sanders KM, Ro S. Serotonin Deficiency Is Associated With Delayed Gastric Emptying. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:2451-2466.e19. [PMID: 33662386 PMCID: PMC8532026 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gastrointestinal (GI) motility is regulated by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]), which is primarily produced by enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the GI tract. However, the precise roles of EC cell-derived 5-HT in regulating gastric motility remain a major point of conjecture. Using a novel transgenic mouse line, we investigated the distribution of EC cells and the pathophysiologic roles of 5-HT deficiency in gastric motility in mice and humans. METHODS We developed an inducible, EC cell-specific Tph1CreERT2/+ mouse, which was used to generate a reporter mouse line, Tph1-tdTom, and an EC cell-depleted line, Tph1-DTA. We examined EC cell distribution, morphology, and subpopulations in reporter mice. GI motility was measured in vivo and ex vivo in EC cell-depleted mice. Additionally, we evaluated 5-HT content in biopsy and plasma specimens from patients with idiopathic gastroparesis (IG). RESULTS Tph1-tdTom mice showed EC cells that were heterogeneously distributed throughout the GI tract with the greatest abundance in the antrum and proximal colon. Two subpopulations of EC cells were identified in the gut: self-renewal cells located at the base of the crypt and mature cells observed in the villi. Tph1-DTA mice displayed delayed gastric emptying, total GI transit, and colonic transit. These gut motility alterations were reversed by exogenous provision of 5-HT. Patients with IG had a significant reduction of antral EC cell numbers and 5-HT content, which negatively correlated with gastric emptying rate. CONCLUSIONS The Tph1CreERT2/+ mouse provides a powerful tool to study the functional roles of EC cells in the GI tract. Our findings suggest a new pathophysiologic mechanism of 5-HT deficiency in IG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Rajan Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Se Eun Ha
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Alyce M Martin
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren A Jones
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Byungchang Jin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Brian G Jorgensen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Hannah Zogg
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Tyler Chervo
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Andres Gottfried-Blackmore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Linda Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Nick J Spencer
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Damien J Keating
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kenton M Sanders
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada.
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19
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Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the largest division of the peripheral nervous system and closely resembles components and functions of the central nervous system. Although the central role of the ENS in congenital enteric neuropathic disorders, including Hirschsprung disease and inflammatory and functional bowel diseases, is well acknowledged, its role in systemic diseases is less understood. Evidence of a disordered ENS has accumulated in neurodegenerative diseases ranging from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis to Parkinson disease as well as neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. The ENS is a key modulator of gut barrier function and a regulator of enteric homeostasis. A 'leaky gut' represents the gateway for bacterial and toxin translocation that might initiate downstream processes. Data indicate that changes in the gut microbiome acting in concert with the individual genetic background can modify the ENS, central nervous system and the immune system, impair barrier function, and contribute to various disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease or neurodegeneration. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of the ENS in gastrointestinal and systemic diseases, highlighting its interaction with various key players involved in shaping the phenotypes. Finally, current flaws and pitfalls related to ENS research in addition to future perspectives are also addressed.
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20
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Sampath C, Wilus D, Tabatabai M, Freeman ML, Gangula PR. Mechanistic role of antioxidants in rescuing delayed gastric emptying in high fat diet induced diabetic female mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111370. [PMID: 33761597 PMCID: PMC7994545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic gastroparesis (DG) exhibits delayed gastric emptying (GE) due to impaired gastric non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxation. These defects are due to loss or reduction of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) that causes reduced expression and/or dimerization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase alpha (nNOSα) gene expression and function. We investigated the effect of potent Nrf2 activators (cinnamaldehyde [CNM] & curcumin [CUR]) on GE in obesity-induced diabetic female mice. We fed adult female homozygous Nfe2l2-/- (Nrf2 KO) and wild-type (WT) female mice with either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal diet (ND) for a period of 16 weeks. Groups of HFD mice were fed with CUR or CNM either at 6th or 10th week respectively. Our results demonstrate that supplementation of CNM or CUR restored impaired nitrergic relaxation and attenuated delayed GE in HFD fed mice. Supplementation of CNM or CUR normalized altered gastric antrum protein expression of (1) p-ERK/p-JNK/MAPK/p-GSK-3β, (2) BH4 (Cofactor of nNOS) biosynthesis enzyme GCH-1 and the GSH/GSSG ratio, (3) nNOSα protein & dimerization and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), (4) AhR and ER expression, (5) inflammatory cytokines (TNF α, IL-1β, IL-6), (6)TLR-4, as well as (7) reduced oxidative stress markers in WT but not in Nrf2 KO obesity-induced chronic diabetic female mice. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed an interaction between nNOS and Nrf2 proteins. Our results conclude that Nrf2 activation restores nitrergic-mediated gastric motility and GE by normalizing inflammation and oxidative stress induced by obesity-induced chronic diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan Sampath
- Department of ODS & Research, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Derek Wilus
- Biostatistics, School of Graduate Studies & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Tabatabai
- Biostatistics, School of Graduate Studies & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pandu R Gangula
- Department of ODS & Research, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
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21
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Özdemir-Kumral ZN, Koyuncuoğlu T, Arabacı-Tamer S, Çilingir-Kaya ÖT, Köroğlu AK, Yüksel M, Yeğen BÇ. High-fat Diet Enhances Gastric Contractility, but Abolishes Nesfatin-1-induced Inhibition of Gastric Emptying. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 27:265-278. [PMID: 33795544 PMCID: PMC8026381 DOI: 10.5056/jnm20206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Gastrointestinal motility changes contribute to development and maintenance of obesity. Nesfatin-1 (NES-1) is involved in central appetite control. The aim is to elucidate effects of NES-1 and high-fat diet (HFD) on gastrointestinal motility and to explore myenteric neuron expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in HFDinduced oxidative injury. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with normal diet (ND) or HFD. Gastric emptying rate was measured following NES-1 (5 pmol/rat, intracerebroventricular) preceded by subcutaneous injections of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin 1 (CCK-1), and gastrin/CCK-2 receptor antagonists. In carbachol-contracted gastric and ileal strips, contractile changes were recorded by adding NES- 1 (0.3 nmol/L), GLP-1, CCK-1, and gastrin/CCK-2 antagonists. Results Neither HFD nor NES-1 changed methylcellulose emptying, but NES-1 delayed saline emptying in cannulated ND-rats. Inhibitory effect of NES-1 on gastric emptying in ND-rats was reversed by all antagonists, and abolished in HFD-rats. In HFD-rats, carbachol-induced contractility was enhanced in gastric, but inhibited in ileal strips. HFD increased body weight, while serum triglycerides, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, and levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione, myeloperoxidase activity, and luminolchemiluminescence in hepatic, ileal, and adipose tissues were similar in ND- and HFD-rats, but only lucigenin-chemiluminescence was increased in HFD-rats. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and TH immunoreactivities were depressed and nNOS immunoreactivity was increased in gastric tissues of HFD-rats, while VIP and TH were enhanced, but nNOS was reduced in their intestines. Conclusions HFD caused mild systemic inflammation, disrupted enteric innervation, enhanced gastric contractility, inhibited ileal contractility, and eliminated inhibitory effect of NES-1 on gastric motility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Türkan Koyuncuoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevil Arabacı-Tamer
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem T Çilingir-Kaya
- Department of Physiology Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayça K Köroğlu
- Department of Physiology Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Physiology Department of Histology and Embryology, Istinye University Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Yüksel
- Department of PhysiologyMarmara University Vocational School of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Ç Yeğen
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Singh R, Ha SE, Wei L, Jin B, Zogg H, Poudrier SM, Jorgensen BG, Park C, Ronkon CF, Bartlett A, Cho S, Morales A, Chung YH, Lee MY, Park JK, Gottfried-Blackmore A, Nguyen L, Sanders KM, Ro S. miR-10b-5p Rescues Diabetes and Gastrointestinal Dysmotility. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1662-1678.e18. [PMID: 33421511 PMCID: PMC8532043 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and pancreatic β cells require receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) to develop and function properly. Degeneration of ICCs is linked to diabetic gastroparesis. The mechanisms linking diabetes and gastroparesis are unclear, but may involve microRNA (miRNA)-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing in KIT+ cells. METHODS We performed miRNA-sequencing analysis from isolated ICCs in diabetic mice and plasma from patients with idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis. miR-10b-5p target genes were identified and validated in mouse and human cell lines. For loss-of-function studies, we used KIT+ cell-restricted mir-10b knockout mice and KIT+ cell depletion mice. For gain-of-function studies, a synthetic miR-10b-5p mimic was injected in multiple diabetic mouse models. We compared the efficacy of miR-10b-5p mimic treatment vs antidiabetic and prokinetic medicines. RESULTS miR-10b-5p is highly expressed in ICCs from healthy mice, but drastically depleted in ICCs from diabetic mice. A conditional knockout of mir-10b in KIT+ cells or depletion of KIT+ cells in mice leads to degeneration of β cells and ICCs, resulting in diabetes and gastroparesis. miR-10b-5p targets the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 11 (KLF11), which negatively regulates KIT expression. The miR-10b-5p mimic or Klf11 small interfering RNAs injected into mir-10b knockout mice, diet-induced diabetic mice, and TALLYHO polygenic diabetic mice rescue the diabetes and gastroparesis phenotype for an extended period of time. Furthermore, the miR-10b-5p mimic is more effective in improving glucose homoeostasis and gastrointestinal motility compared with common antidiabetic and prokinetic medications. CONCLUSIONS miR-10b-5p is a key regulator in diabetes and gastrointestinal dysmotility via the KLF11-KIT pathway. Restoration of miR-10b-5p may provide therapeutic benefits for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Se Eun Ha
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Byungchang Jin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Hannah Zogg
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Sandra M. Poudrier
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Brian G. Jorgensen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Chanjae Park
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Charles F Ronkon
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Allison Bartlett
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Sung Cho
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Addison Morales
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Yu Heon Chung
- Division of Biological Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Korea
| | - Moon Young Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA,Department of Physiology, Wonkwang Digestive Disease Research Institute and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Korea
| | - Jong Kun Park
- Division of Biological Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Korea
| | - Andrés Gottfried-Blackmore
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Linda Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kenton M. Sanders
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada.
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23
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Singh R, Wei L, Ghoshal UC. Micro-organic basis of functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders: Role of microRNAs in GI pacemaking cells. Indian J Gastroenterol 2021; 40:102-110. [PMID: 33738768 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-021-01159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India.
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24
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Yap YA, Mariño E. Dietary SCFAs Immunotherapy: Reshaping the Gut Microbiota in Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1307:499-519. [PMID: 32193865 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet-microbiota related inflammatory conditions such as obesity, autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and gut infections have become a stigma in Western societies and developing nations. This book chapter examines the most relevant pre-clinical and clinical studies about diet-gut microbiota approaches as an alternative therapy for diabetes. We also discuss what we and others have extensively investigated- the power of dietary short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) technology that naturally targets the gut microbiota as an alternative method to prevent and treat diabetes and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Anne Yap
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eliana Mariño
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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25
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Zhu C, Gong H, Luo P, Dong L, Zhang G, Shi X, Rong W. Oral Administration of Penicillin or Streptomycin May Alter Serum Serotonin Level and Intestinal Motility via Different Mechanisms. Front Physiol 2021; 11:605982. [PMID: 33424630 PMCID: PMC7785965 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.605982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Enterochromaffin cells (EC cells) constitute the largest population of enteroendocrine cells and release serotonin (5-HT) in response to mechanical and chemical cues of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). How EC cells respond to altered microbiota such as due to antibiotic treatments remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that the pacemaker channel HCN2 might contribute to the regulation of EC cells functions and their responses to antibiotics-induced changes in intestinal flora. Methods Mice were given either penicillin or streptomycin or both in drinking water for 10 consecutive days. The changes in the profile of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecum following penicillin or streptomycin treatments were tested by GC-MS. Serum 5-HT content, whole intestinal transit time, fecal water content, cecum weight and expression of HCN2 and TPH1 in cecal mucosa were measured. Ivabradine (a HCN channels blocker) was used to explore the role of HCN2 in penicillin-induced changes in 5-HT availability and intestinal motility. Results HCN2 immunofluorescence was detected on intestinal EC cells. Both penicillin and streptomycin caused significant reduction in total SCFAs in the cecum, with the penicillin-treated group showing greater reductions in butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate levels than the streptomycin group. The expression of HCN2 was increased in the mice treated with penicillin, whereas TPH1 expression was increased in the mice treated with streptomycin. Mice treated with antibiotics all had larger and heavier cecum, elevated serum 5-HT level and increased fecal water content. Besides, mice treated with penicillin had prolonged intestinal transit time. Intraperitoneal injection of Ivabradine attenuated the effect of penicillin on serum 5-HT level, cecum size and weight, intestinal motility, and fecal water content. Conclusion Disruptions of the intestinal flora structure due to oral administration of penicillin may significantly increase serum 5-HT level and inhibit intestinal motility, at least partially through up-regulating the expression of HCN2. Oral administration of streptomycin may alter 5-HT availability by up-regulating TPH1 expression thus increasing synthesis of 5-HT. Alterations of intestinal flora composition due to exposure to different antibiotics may regulate 5-HT availability and intestinal motility through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huashan Gong
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyin Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifang Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Stengel ST, Fazio A, Lipinski S, Jahn MT, Aden K, Ito G, Wottawa F, Kuiper JW, Coleman OI, Tran F, Bordoni D, Bernardes JP, Jentzsch M, Luzius A, Bierwirth S, Messner B, Henning A, Welz L, Kakavand N, Falk-Paulsen M, Imm S, Hinrichsen F, Zilbauer M, Schreiber S, Kaser A, Blumberg R, Haller D, Rosenstiel P. Activating Transcription Factor 6 Mediates Inflammatory Signals in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Upon Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1357-1374.e10. [PMID: 32673694 PMCID: PMC7923714 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Excess and unresolved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) promotes intestinal inflammation. Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) is one of the signaling mediators of ER stress. We studied the pathways that regulate ATF6 and its role for inflammation in IECs. METHODS We performed an RNA interference screen, using 23,349 unique small interfering RNAs targeting 7783 genes and a luciferase reporter controlled by an ATF6-dependent ERSE (ER stress-response element) promoter, to identify proteins that activate or inhibit the ATF6 signaling pathway in HEK293 cells. To validate the screening results, intestinal epithelial cell lines (Caco-2 cells) were transfected with small interfering RNAs or with a plasmid overexpressing a constitutively active form of ATF6. Caco-2 cells with a CRISPR-mediated disruption of autophagy related 16 like 1 gene (ATG16L1) were used to study the effect of ATF6 on ER stress in autophagy-deficient cells. We also studied intestinal organoids derived from mice that overexpress constitutively active ATF6, from mice with deletion of the autophagy related 16 like 1 or X-Box binding protein 1 gene in IECs (Atg16l1ΔIEC or Xbp1ΔIEC, which both develop spontaneous ileitis), from patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and healthy individuals (controls). Cells and organoids were incubated with tunicamycin to induce ER stress and/or chemical inhibitors of newly identified activator proteins of ATF6 signaling, and analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblots. Atg16l1ΔIEC and control (Atg16l1fl/fl) mice were given intraperitoneal injections of tunicamycin and were treated with chemical inhibitors of ATF6 activating proteins. RESULTS We identified and validated 15 suppressors and 7 activators of the ATF6 signaling pathway; activators included the regulatory subunit of casein kinase 2 (CSNK2B) and acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1 (ACSL1). Knockdown or chemical inhibition of CSNK2B and ACSL1 in Caco-2 cells reduced activity of the ATF6-dependent ERSE reporter gene, diminished transcription of the ATF6 target genes HSP90B1 and HSPA5 and reduced NF-κB reporter gene activation on tunicamycin stimulation. Atg16l1ΔIEC and or Xbp1ΔIEC organoids showed increased expression of ATF6 and its target genes. Inhibitors of ACSL1 or CSNK2B prevented activation of ATF6 and reduced CXCL1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) expression in these organoids on induction of ER stress with tunicamycin. Injection of mice with inhibitors of ACSL1 or CSNK2B significantly reduced tunicamycin-mediated intestinal inflammation and IEC death and expression of CXCL1 and TNF in Atg16l1ΔIEC mice. Purified ileal IECs from patients with CD had higher levels of ATF6, CSNK2B, and HSPA5 messenger RNAs than controls; early-passage organoids from patients with active CD show increased levels of activated ATF6 protein, incubation of these organoids with inhibitors of ACSL1 or CSNK2B reduced transcription of ATF6 target genes, including TNF. CONCLUSIONS Ileal IECs from patients with CD have higher levels of activated ATF6, which is regulated by CSNK2B and HSPA5. ATF6 increases expression of TNF and other inflammatory cytokines in response to ER stress in these cells and in organoids from Atg16l1ΔIEC and Xbp1ΔIEC mice. Strategies to inhibit the ATF6 signaling pathway might be developed for treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T. Stengel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Antonella Fazio
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Simone Lipinski
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin T. Jahn
- RD3 Marine Microbiology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany
| | - Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine I., Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Go Ito
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Felix Wottawa
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan W.P. Kuiper
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olivia I. Coleman
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine I., Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dora Bordoni
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Joana P. Bernardes
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marlene Jentzsch
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Luzius
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Bierwirth
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Berith Messner
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Henning
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lina Welz
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nassim Kakavand
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Maren Falk-Paulsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Imm
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Finn Hinrichsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England, UK MA
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine I., Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England, UK MA
| | - Richard Blumberg
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, US
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Kreuzer M, Hardt WD. How Food Affects Colonization Resistance Against Enteropathogenic Bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol 2020; 74:787-813. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-020420-013457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Food has a major impact on all aspects of health. Recent data suggest that food composition can also affect susceptibility to infections by enteropathogenic bacteria. Here, we discuss how food may alter the microbiota as well as mucosal defenses and how this can affect infection. Salmonella Typhimurium diarrhea serves as a paradigm, and complementary evidence comes from other pathogens. We discuss the effects of food composition on colonization resistance, host defenses, and the infection process as well as the merits and limitations of mouse models and experimental foods, which are available to decipher the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kreuzer
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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28
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Ruiz-Roso MB, Gil-Zamorano J, López de Las Hazas MC, Tomé-Carneiro J, Crespo MC, Latasa MJ, Briand O, Sánchez-López D, Ortiz AI, Visioli F, Martínez JA, Dávalos A. Intestinal Lipid Metabolism Genes Regulated by miRNAs. Front Genet 2020; 11:707. [PMID: 32742270 PMCID: PMC7366872 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) crucial roles in translation repression and post-transcriptional adjustments contribute to regulate intestinal lipid metabolism. Even though their actions in different metabolic tissues have been elucidated, their intestinal activity is yet unclear. We aimed to investigate intestinal miRNA-regulated lipid metabolism-related genes, by creating an intestinal-specific Dicer1 knockout (Int-Dicer1 KO) mouse model, with a depletion of microRNAs in enterocytes. The levels of 83 cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism-related genes were assessed in the intestinal mucosa of Int-Dicer1 KO and Wild Type C57BL/6 (WT) littermates mice at baseline and 2 h after an oral lipid challenge. Among the 18 genes selected for further validation, Hmgcs2, Acat1 and Olr1 were found to be strong candidates to be modulated by miRNAs in enterocytes and intestinal organoids. Moreover, we report that intestinal miRNAs contribute to the regulation of intestinal epithelial differentiation. Twenty-nine common miRNAs found in the intestines were analyzed for their potential to target any of the three candidate genes found and validated by miRNA-transfection assays in Caco-2 cells. MiR-31-5p, miR-99b-5p, miR-200a-5p, miR-200b-5p and miR-425-5p are major regulators of these lipid metabolism-related genes. Our data provide new evidence on the potential of intestinal miRNAs as therapeutic targets in lipid metabolism-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Ruiz-Roso
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Judit Gil-Zamorano
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Latasa
- Research Program, Innovation, Communication and Education Program, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Briand
- University of Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Daniel Sánchez-López
- University of Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Ana I Ortiz
- Servicio de Cirugía Experimental, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, IDISNA Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiometabolic Nutrition Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Ye L, Li G, Goebel A, Raju AV, Kong F, Lv Y, Li K, Zhu Y, Raja S, He P, Li F, Mwangi SM, Hu W, Srinivasan S. Caspase-11-mediated enteric neuronal pyroptosis underlies Western diet-induced colonic dysmotility. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:3621-3636. [PMID: 32484462 PMCID: PMC7324173 DOI: 10.1172/jci130176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric neuronal degeneration, as seen in inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and diabetes, can lead to gastrointestinal dysmotility. Pyroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death but little is known about its role in enteric neuronal degeneration. We observed higher levels of cleaved caspase-1, a marker of pyroptosis, in myenteric ganglia of overweight and obese human subjects compared with normal-weight subjects. Western diet-fed (WD-fed) mice exhibited increased myenteric neuronal pyroptosis, delayed colonic transit, and impaired electric field stimulation-induced colonic relaxation responses. WD increased TLR4 expression and cleaved caspase-1 in myenteric nitrergic neurons. Overactivation of nitrergic neuronal NF-κB signaling resulted in increased pyroptosis and delayed colonic motility. In caspase-11-deficient mice, WD did not induce nitrergic myenteric neuronal pyroptosis and colonic dysmotility. To understand the contributions of saturated fatty acids and bacterial products to the steps leading to enteric neurodegeneration, we performed in vitro experiments using mouse enteric neurons. Palmitate and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased nitrergic, but not cholinergic, enteric neuronal pyroptosis. LPS gained entry to the cytosol in the presence of palmitate, activating caspase-11 and gasdermin D, leading to pyroptosis. These results support a role of the caspase-11-mediated pyroptotic pathway in WD-induced myenteric nitrergic neuronal degeneration and colonic dysmotility, providing important therapeutic targets for enteric neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ye
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Anna Goebel
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Abhinav V. Raju
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Feng Kong
- Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfei Lv
- Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kailin Li
- Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanjun Zhu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shreya Raja
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Peijian He
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon Musyoka Mwangi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
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Nyavor Y, Brands CR, May G, Kuther S, Nicholson J, Tiger K, Tesnohlidek A, Yasuda A, Starks K, Litvinenko D, Linden DR, Bhattarai Y, Kashyap PC, Forney LJ, Balemba OB. High-fat diet-induced alterations to gut microbiota and gut-derived lipoteichoic acid contributes to the development of enteric neuropathy. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13838. [PMID: 32168415 PMCID: PMC7319907 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-fat diet, microbial alterations and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are thought to cause enteric diabetic neuropathy and intestinal dysmotility. However, the role of the gut microbiota, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram-positive bacteria and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the development of diabetic enteric neuropathy and intestinal dysmotility is not well understood. Our aim was to examine the role of the gut microbiota, LTA and SCFAs in the development of diabetic enteric neuropathy and intestinal dysmotility. METHODS We fed germ-free (GF) and conventionally raised (CR) mice either a high-fat (HFD) or standard chow diet (SCD) for 8 weeks. We analyzed the microbial community composition in CR mice using 16S rRNA sequencing and damage to myenteric neurons using immunohistochemistry. We also studied the effects of LPS, LTA, and SCFAs on duodenal muscularis externa contractions and myenteric neurons using cultured preparations. KEY RESULTS High-fat diet ingestion reduced the total number and the number of nitrergic myenteric neurons per ganglion in the duodenum of CR but not in GF-HFD mice. GF mice had fewer neurons per ganglion compared with CR mice. CR mice fed a HFD had increased abundance of Gram-positive bacteria. LTA and LPS did not affect the frequency of duodenal muscularis contractions after 24 hours of cultured but reduced the density of nitrergic myenteric neurons and increased oxidative stress and TNFα production in myenteric ganglia. SCFAs did not affect muscularis contractions or injure myenteric neurons. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Gut microbial alterations induced increase in Gram-positive bacterial LTA may contribute to enteric neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Nyavor
- University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, LSS 252 Moscow, ID 83844
| | | | - George May
- University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, LSS 252 Moscow, ID 83844
| | - Sydney Kuther
- University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, LSS 252 Moscow, ID 83844
| | | | - Kathryn Tiger
- University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, LSS 252 Moscow, ID 83844
| | | | - Allysha Yasuda
- University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, LSS 252 Moscow, ID 83844
| | - Kiefer Starks
- University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, LSS 252 Moscow, ID 83844
| | - Diana Litvinenko
- University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, LSS 252 Moscow, ID 83844
| | - David R. Linden
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yogesh Bhattarai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Purna C. Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Larry J. Forney
- University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, LSS 252 Moscow, ID 83844
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31
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Ban E, Kwon H, Song EJ. A rapid and reliable CE-LIF method for the quantitative analysis of miRNA-497 in plasma and organs and its application to a pharmacokinetic and biodistribution study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18648-18654. [PMID: 35518319 PMCID: PMC9053904 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, and various miRNAs have been reported and developed as therapeutic candidates for treating various diseases. Various miRNA and carrier modification systems have been investigated for effective systemic miRNA delivery to cells, organs, and tissues of interest. Consequently, effective and reliable analytical methods of miRNAs are required for evaluating the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of miRNAs as therapeutic candidates. The capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) method has been recently reported as a promising and relatively rapidly developing tool with the potential to provide highly sensitive and specific analysis of biological molecules including miRNAs. Here, the CE-LIF method was used for application in the pharmacokinetic and distribution studies of miRNA-497 as a model miRNA for a lung target; miRNA-497 hybridized with 6-FAM-labeled DNA probes were separated using CE-LIF and detected within 6 min without any interference. This method showed a wide calibration range of 1.0-50 nM and 0.1-50 nM for plasma and the four organs, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney, respectively, with acceptable precision and accuracy. Using CE-LIF, the miRNA-497 level was evaluated in rat plasma and organs after intravenously administering 1 mg ml-1 of a miRNA-497 mimic. Hence, miRNA-497 displayed a relatively short half-life of 1.76 h and was delivered to the lungs but mainly accumulated in the liver and spleen. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the miRNA-497 mimic using CE-LIF for the first time and suggested the need for further studies to extend the half-life and conduct lung-targeted delivery of miRNA-497.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Ban
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Haejin Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Eun Joo Song
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
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32
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Mazzone A, Strege PR, Gibbons SJ, Alcaino C, Joshi V, Haak AJ, Tschumperlin DJ, Bernard CE, Cima RR, Larson DW, Chua HK, Graham RP, El Refaey M, Mohler PJ, Hayashi Y, Ordog T, Calder S, Du P, Farrugia G, Beyder A. microRNA overexpression in slow transit constipation leads to reduced Na V1.5 current and altered smooth muscle contractility. Gut 2020; 69:868-876. [PMID: 31757880 PMCID: PMC7147984 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in slow transit constipation (STC). DESIGN All human tissue samples were from the muscularis externa of the colon. Expression of 372 miRNAs was examined in a discovery cohort of four patients with STC versus three age/sex-matched controls by a quantitative PCR array. Upregulated miRNAs were examined by quantitative reverse transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR) in a validation cohort of seven patients with STC and age/sex-matched controls. The effect of a highly differentially expressed miRNA on a custom human smooth muscle cell line was examined in vitro by RT-qPCR, electrophysiology, traction force microscopy, and ex vivo by lentiviral transduction in rat muscularis externa organotypic cultures. RESULTS The expression of 13 miRNAs was increased in STC samples. Of those miRNAs, four were predicted to target SCN5A, the gene that encodes the Na+ channel NaV1.5. The expression of SCN5A mRNA was decreased in STC samples. Let-7f significantly decreased Na+ current density in vitro in human smooth muscle cells. In rat muscularis externa organotypic cultures, overexpression of let-7f resulted in reduced frequency and amplitude of contraction. CONCLUSIONS A small group of miRNAs is upregulated in STC, and many of these miRNAs target the SCN5A-encoded Na+ channel NaV1.5. Within this set, a novel NaV1.5 regulator, let-7f, resulted in decreased NaV1.5 expression, current density and reduced motility of GI smooth muscle. These results suggest NaV1.5 and miRNAs as novel diagnostic and potential therapeutic targets in STC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Mazzone
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter R Strege
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Simon J Gibbons
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Constanza Alcaino
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vikram Joshi
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew J Haak
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cheryl E Bernard
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert R Cima
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David W Larson
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Heidi K Chua
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Mona El Refaey
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tamas Ordog
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stefan Calder
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peng Du
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA .,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Arthur Beyder
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA .,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Zhang H, Tian Y, Liang D, Fu Q, Jia L, Wu D, Zhu X. The Effects of Inhibition of MicroRNA-375 in a Mouse Model of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Toxicity. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920557. [PMID: 32186283 PMCID: PMC7102408 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity is associated with oxidative stress, cardiomyocyte, apoptosis, and loss of contractile function. Previous studies showed that microRNA-375 (miR-375) expression was increased in mouse models of heart failure and clinically, and that inhibition of miR-375 reduced inflammation and increased survival of cardiomyocytes. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of inhibition of miR-375 in a mouse model of doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in vivo and in doxorubicin-treated rat and mouse cardiomyocytes in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mouse model of doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity was developed using an intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg diluted in 0.9% saline) for eight days. Treatment was followed by a single subcutaneous injection of miR-375 inhibitor. H9c2 rat cardiac myocytes and adult murine cardiomyocytes (AMCs) were cultured in vitro and treated with doxorubicin, with and without pretreatment with miR-375 inhibitor. RESULTS Doxorubicin significantly upregulated miR-375 expression in vitro and in vivo, and inhibition of miR-375 re-established myocardial redox homeostasis, prevented doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and activated the PDK1/AKT axis by reducing the direct binding of miR-375 to 3' UTR of the PDK1 gene. Inhibition of PDK1 and AKT abolished the protective role of miR-375 inhibition on doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of miR-375 prevented oxidative damage in a mouse model of doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in vivo and in doxorubicin-treated rat and mouse cardiomyocytes in vitro through the PDK1/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjing, China (mainland)
| | - Yikui Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjing, China (mainland)
| | - Degang Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjing, China (mainland)
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjing, China (mainland)
| | - Liqun Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjing, China (mainland)
| | - Dawei Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjing, China (mainland)
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjing, China (mainland)
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Antonioli L, D'Antongiovanni V, Pellegrini C, Fornai M, Benvenuti L, di Carlo A, van den Wijngaard R, Caputi V, Cerantola S, Giron MC, Németh ZH, Haskó G, Blandizzi C, Colucci R. Colonic dysmotility associated with high-fat diet-induced obesity: Role of enteric glia. FASEB J 2020; 34:5512-5524. [PMID: 32086846 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901844r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the role of enteric glial cells (EGCs) in colonic neuromuscular dysfunctions in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. C57BL/6J mice were fed with HFD or standard diet (SD) for 1, 2, or 8 weeks. Colonic interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. Expression of occludin in colonic tissues was examined by western blot. Substance P (SP), S100β, GFAP, and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (pERK) were assessed in whole mount specimens of colonic plexus by immunohistochemistry. Colonic tachykininergic contractions, elicited by electrical stimulation or exogenous SP, were recorded in the presence or absence of fluorocitrate (FC). To mimic exposure to HFD, cultured EGCs were incubated with palmitate (PA) and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SP and IL-1β levels were assayed in the culture medium by ELISA. HFD mice displayed an increase in colonic IL-1β and MDA, and a reduction of occludin at week 2. These changes occurred to a greater extent at week 8. In vitro electrically evoked tachykininergic contractions were enhanced in HFD mice after 2 or 8 weeks, and they were blunted by FC. Colonic IL-6 levels as well as substance P and S100β density in myenteric ganglia of HFD mice were increased at week 8, but not at week 1 or 2. In cultured EGCs, co-incubation with palmitate plus LPS led to a significant increase in both SP and IL-1β release. HFD-induced obesity is characterized by a hyperactivation of EGCs and is involved in the development of enteric motor disorders through an increase in tachykininergic activity and release of pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma di Carlo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Renè van den Wijngaard
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Caputi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Cerantola
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Zoltán H Németh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Beraldi EJ, Borges SC, de Almeida FLA, Dos Santos A, Saad MJA, Buttow NC. Colonic neuronal loss and delayed motility induced by high-fat diet occur independently of changes in the major groups of microbiota in Swiss mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13745. [PMID: 31721393 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been linked to gastrointestinal disorders, and the loss of myenteric neurons in the intestine caused by high-fat diets (HFD) has been attributed to changes in microbiota and lipotoxicity. We investigated whether the prebiotic inulin modulates bacterial populations and alleviates neuronal loss in mice fed HFD. METHODS Swiss mice were fed purified rodent diet or HFD (59% kcal fat), or both diets supplemented with inulin for 17 weeks. Intestinal motility was assessed and a metagenome analysis of the colonic microbiota was performed. The gene expression of inflammatory markers was evaluated, and immunofluorescence was performed for different types of myenteric neurons and glial cells in the distal colon. KEY RESULTS The HFD caused obesity and delayed colonic motility. The loss of myenteric neurons and glial cells in obese mice affected all of the studied neuronal populations, including neurons positive for myosin-V, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and calretinin. Although obese mice supplemented with inulin exhibited improvements in colonic motility, neuronal, and glial cell loss persisted. The HFD did not altered the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the intestine or the prevalence of the major groups in microbiota, but inulin increased the proportion of the genus Akkermansia in the obese mice. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES In Swiss mice, the HFD-induced neuronal loss but did not change the major groups in microbiota. This suggests that, despite the increase in the beneficial bacteria, other factors that are directly linked to excess dietary lipid intake affect the enteric nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro José Beraldi
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences (PBC), State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andrey Dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Jayasimhan A, Mariño E. Dietary SCFAs, IL-22, and GFAP: The Three Musketeers in the Gut-Neuro-Immune Network in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2429. [PMID: 31736937 PMCID: PMC6828936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabolites have a profound effect on the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The cross-talk between the gut microbiota, the nervous system, and immune system is necessary to establish and maintain immune and gut tolerance. As quoted by Hippocrates, "All disease begins in the gut." Although this has been recognized for 2,000 years, the connection between the gut and autoimmune T1D is not yet well-understood. Here, we outline new advances supported by our research and others that have contributed to elucidate the impact of microbial metabolites on the physiology of the pancreas and the gut through their remarkable effect on the immune and nervous system. Among many of the mechanisms involved in the gut-beta-cell-immune cross-talk, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing cells are critical players in the development of invasive insulitis. Besides, this review reveals a novel mechanism for microbial metabolites by stimulating IL-22, an essential cytokine for gut homeostasis and beta-cell survival. The close connections between the gut and the pancreas are highlighted through our review as microbial metabolites recirculate through the whole body and intimately react with the nervous system, which controls essential disorders associated with diabetes. As such, we discuss the mechanisms of action of microbial metabolites or short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), IL-22, and GFAP on beta-cells, gut epithelial cells, neurons, and glial cells via metabolite sensing receptors or through epigenetic effects. The fine-tuned gut-neuro-immune network may be profoundly affected by SCFA deficiency related to dysbiosis and diet alterations at very early stages of the initiation of the disease. Thus, dampening the initial immune response or preventing the perpetuation of the immune response by maintaining the integrity of the gut is among the alternative approaches to prevent T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirup Jayasimhan
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eliana Mariño
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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37
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Postprandial Circulating miRNAs in Response to a Dietary Fat Challenge. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061326. [PMID: 31200481 PMCID: PMC6627817 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia has many physiopathological effects, some of which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can be found in almost all biological fluids, but their postprandial kinetics are poorly described. We aimed to profile circulating miRNAs in response to a fat challenge. In total, 641 circulating miRNAs were assessed by real-time PCR in plasmas from mice two hours after lipid gavage. Mice with intestine-specific loss of Dicer were screened to identify potential miRNAs released by the intestine. A total of 68 miRNAs were selected for further validation. Ten circulating miRNAs were finally validated as responsive to postprandial lipemia, including miR-206-3p, miR-543-3p, miR-466c-5p, miR-27b-5p, miR-409-3p, miR-340-3p, miR-1941-3p, miR-10a-3p, miR-125a-3p, and miR-468-3p. Analysis of their possible tissues of origin/target showed an enrichment of selected miRNAs in liver, intestine, brain, or skeletal muscle. miR-206, miR-27b-5p, and miR-409-3p were validated in healthy humans. Analysis of their predicted target genes revealed their potential involvement in insulin/insulin like growth factor (insulin/IGF), angiogenesis, cholecystokinin B receptor signaling pathway (CCKR), inflammation or Wnt pathways for mice, and in platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and CCKR signaling pathways for humans. Therefore, the current study shows that certain miRNAs are released in the circulation in response to fatty meals, proposing them as potential novel therapeutic targets of lipid metabolism.
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Moody L, Xu GB, Chen H, Pan YX. Epigenetic Regulation of Metabolism and Inflammation by Calorie Restriction. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:520-536. [PMID: 30915465 PMCID: PMC6520046 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition is known to affect different cellular processes such as stem cell function, cell senescence, inflammation, and metabolism. Despite the differences in the implementation of CR, the reduction of calories produces a widespread beneficial effect in noncommunicable chronic diseases, which can be explained by improvements in immuno-metabolic adaptation. Cellular adaptation that occurs in response to dietary patterns can be explained by alterations in epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA. In this review, we define these modifications and systematically summarize the current evidence related to CR and the epigenome. We then explain the significance of genome-wide epigenetic modifications in the context of disease development. Although substantial evidence exists for the widespread effect of CR on longevity, there is no consensus regarding the epigenetic regulations of the underlying cellular mechanisms that lead to improved health. We provide compelling evidence that CR produces long-lasting epigenetic effects that mediate expression of genes related to immuno-metabolic processes. Epigenetic reprogramming of the underlying chronic low-grade inflammation by CR can lead to immuno-metabolic adaptations that enhance quality of life, extend lifespan, and delay chronic disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guanying Bianca Xu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Hong Chen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL,Address correspondence to Y-XP (e-mail: )
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Miron I, Dumitrascu DL. GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY DISORDERS IN OBESITY. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2019; 15:497-504. [PMID: 32377248 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2019.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) motility, which is important for the digestion and absorption, may be altered in obesity. The aim of this review is to present the GI motility changes occurring in obesity, as well as their underlying mechanisms. We have conducted a systematic review of the published literature concerning GI motility and obesity and have described recent published data on the changes throughout the entire GI tract. Most recent discoveries include evidence supporting the increase of gastroesophageal reflux disease in obesity and inhibition of gastric motility. Intestinal transit of the distal small bowel generally slows down, ensuring enough time for digestion and absorption. Constipation is more frequent in obese patients than in those with a normal weight. The gut-brain axis plays an important role in the pathophysiology of GI motility disorders in obesity. This bidirectional communication is achieved by way of neurons, hormones, metabolites derived from intestinal microbiota and cytokines. The molecular mechanisms of GI motility changes in obesity are complex. Current data offer a starting point for further research needed to clarify the association of obesity with GI motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Miron
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3 Medical Clinic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - D L Dumitrascu
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" Dept of Internal Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Larsson S, Voss U. Neuroprotective effects of vitamin D on high fat diet- and palmitic acid-induced enteric neuronal loss in mice. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:175. [PMID: 30463517 PMCID: PMC6249721 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of vitamin D in obesity and diabetes is debated. Obese and/or diabetic patients have elevated levels of free fatty acids, increased susceptibility to gastrointestinal symptoms and are suggested to have altered vitamin D balance. The enteric nervous system is pivotal in regulating gastrointestinal activity and high fat diet (HFD) has been shown to cause loss of enteric neurons in ileum and colon. This study investigates the effect of vitamin D on HFD- and palmitic acid-induced enteric neuronal loss in vivo and in vitro. Methods Mice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or HFD supplemented with varying levels of vitamin D (from 0x to 20x normal vitamin D level) for 19 weeks. Ileum and colon were analyzed for neuronal numbers and remodeling. Primary cultures of myenteric neurons from mouse small intestine were treated with palmitic acid (4x10-4M) and/or 1α,25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (VD, 10-11- 10-7M) with or without modulators of lipid metabolism and VD pathways. Cultures were analyzed by immunocyto- and histochemical methods. Results Vitamin D supplementation had no effect on enteric neuronal survival in the ND group. HFD caused substantial loss of myenteric neurons in ileum and colon. Vitamin D supplementation between 0-2x normal had no effect on HFD-induced neuronal loss. Supplementation with 20x normal, prevented the HFD-induced neuronal loss. In vitro supplementation of VD prevented the palmitic acid-induced neuronal loss. The VD receptor (VDR) was not identified in enteric neurons. Enteric glia expressed the alternative VD receptor, protein disulphide isomerase family A member 3 (PDIA3), but PDIA3 was not found to mediate the VD response in vitro. Inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and immune neutralization of isocitrate lyase prevented the VD mediated neuroprotection to palmitic acid exposure. Conclusions Results show that VD protect enteric neurons against HFD and palmitic acid induced neuronal loss. The mechanism behind is suggested to be through activation of PPARγ leading to improved neuronal peroxisome function and metabolism of neuronal lipid intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Larsson
- Unit of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC C11, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrikke Voss
- Unit of Neurogastroenterology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC B11, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
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Duan Y, Zeng L, Zheng C, Song B, Li F, Kong X, Xu K. Inflammatory Links Between High Fat Diets and Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2649. [PMID: 30483273 PMCID: PMC6243058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, chronic overnutrition, such as consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD), has been increasingly viewed as a significant modifiable risk factor for diseases such as diabetes and certain types of cancer. However, the mechanisms by which HFDs exert adverse effects on human health remains poorly understood. Here, this paper will review the recent scientific literature about HFD-induced inflammation and subsequent development of diseases and cancer, with an emphasis on mechanisms involved. Given the expanding global epidemic of excessive HFD intake, understanding the impacts of a HFD on these medical conditions, gaining great insights into possible underlying mechanisms, and developing effective therapeutic strategies are of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Liming Zeng
- Science College of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Changbing Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
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Li Y, Lu Z, Ru JH, Lopes-Virella MF, Lyons TJ, Huang Y. Saturated fatty acid combined with lipopolysaccharide stimulates a strong inflammatory response in hepatocytes in vivo and in vitro. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E745-E757. [PMID: 29989851 PMCID: PMC6293169 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00015.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease and consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) is a risk factor for NAFLD. The HFD not only increases intake of saturated fatty acid (SFA) but also induces metabolic endotoxemia, an HFD-associated increase in circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Although it is known that SFA or LPS promote hepatic inflammation, a hallmark of NAFLD, it remains unclear how SFA in combination with LPS stimulates host inflammatory response in hepatocytes. In this study, we performed both in vivo and in vitro experiments to investigate the effect of SFA in combination with LPS on proinflammatory gene expression in hepatocytes. Our animal study showed that feeding low-density lipoprotein-deficient mice HFD enriched with SFA and injection of low-dose LPS cooperatively stimulated IL-6 expression in livers. To understand how SFA and LPS interact to promote IL-6 expression, our in vitro studies showed that palmitic acid (PA), a major SFA, and LPS exerted synergistic effect on the expression of IL-6 in hepatocytes. Furthermore, coculture of hepatocytes with macrophages resulted in a greater IL-6 expression than culture of hepatocytes without macrophages in response to the combination of PA and LPS. Finally, we observed that LPS and PA increased ceramide production by cooperatively stimulating ceramide de novo synthesis, which played an essential role in the synergistic stimulation of proinflammatory gene expression by LPS and PA. Taken together, this study showed that SFA in combination with LPS stimulated a strong inflammatory response in hepatocytes in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina
| | - Zhongyang Lu
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ji Hyun Ru
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina
| | - Maria F Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Timothy J Lyons
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina
| | - Yan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Charleston, South Carolina
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Nishiyama K, Aono K, Fujimoto Y, Kuwamura M, Okada T, Tokumoto H, Izawa T, Okano R, Nakajima H, Takeuchi T, Azuma YT. Chronic kidney disease after 5/6 nephrectomy disturbs the intestinal microbiota and alters intestinal motility. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6667-6678. [PMID: 30317589 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organ-organ crosstalk is involved in homeostasis. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in patients with renal failure. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between gastrointestinal motility and gastrointestinal symptoms in chronic kidney disease. We performed studies in C57BL/6 mice with chronic kidney disease after 5/6 nephrectomy. Gastrointestinal motility was evaluated by assessing the ex vivo responses of ileum and distal colon strips to electrical field stimulation. Feces were collected from mice, and the composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Mice with chronic kidney disease after 5/6 nephrectomy showed a decreased amount of stool, and this constipation was correlated with a suppressed contraction response in ileum motility and decreased relaxation response in distal colon motility. Spermine, one of the uremic toxins, inhibited the contraction response in ileum motility, but four types of uremic toxins showed no effect on the relaxation response in distal colon motility. The 5/6 nephrectomy procedure disturbed the balance of the gut microbiota in the mice. The motility dysregulation and constipation were resolved by antibiotic treatments. The expression levels of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and iNOS in 5/6 nephrectomy mice were increased in the distal colon but not in the ileum. In addition, macrophage infiltration in 5/6 nephrectomy mice was increased in the distal colon but not in the ileum. We found that 5/6 nephrectomy altered gastrointestinal motility and caused constipation by changing the gut microbiota and causing colonic inflammation. These findings indicate that renal failure was remarkably associated with gastrointestinal dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kimiya Aono
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiya Okada
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Tokumoto
- Laboratory of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Division of Biological Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Okano
- Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Nakajima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka, Japan
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Li L, Wang G, Hu JS, Zhang GQ, Chen HZ, Yuan Y, Li YL, Lv XJ, Tian FY, Pan SH, Bai XW, Sun B. RB1CC1-enhanced autophagy facilitates PSCs activation and pancreatic fibrogenesis in chronic pancreatitis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:952. [PMID: 30237496 PMCID: PMC6147947 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is described as a progressive fibro-inflammatory disorder of the exocrine disease, which eventually leads to damage of the gland. Excessive activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) is a critical participant in the initiation of CP. Autophagy is involved in multiple degeneration and inflammation in acute pancreatitis and CP. In our study, we report that retinoblastoma coiled coil protein 1 (RB1CC1) expression and the autophagic level are elevated in activated PSCs. RB1CC1 is positively correlated with pancreatic fibrogenesis in tissues and plasma of CP patients. Knockdown of RB1CC1 restrains alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen expressions, and autophagy in activated PSCs in vitro. Furthermore, we show that RB1CC1 induces PSC activation via binding to ULK1 promoter and the direct interaction with ULK1 protein. These suppress ULK1 expression and its kinase activity. In mice, knockdown of RB1CC1 blocks autophagy and then inhibits the pancreatic duct ligation-induced pancreatic fibrosis. Consequently, our study highlights that RB1CC1-mediated autophagy is a key event for the activation of PSCs. Inhibition of RB1CC1 alleviates autophagy, which plays a critical role in anti-fibrotic activation in PSCs and CP progression. RB1CC1 could be a novel strategy for the treatment of pancreatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ji-Sheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guang-Quan Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hong-Ze Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi-Long Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin-Jian Lv
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Feng-Yu Tian
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shang-Ha Pan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xue-Wei Bai
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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HHV-6 encoded small non-coding RNAs define an intermediate and early stage in viral reactivation. NPJ Genom Med 2018; 3:25. [PMID: 30210807 PMCID: PMC6125432 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-018-0064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 6A and 6B frequently acquires latency. HHV-6 activation has been associated with various human diseases. Germ line inheritance of chromosomally integrated HHV-6 makes viral DNA-based analysis difficult for determination of early stages of viral activation. We characterized early stages of HHV-6 activation using high throughput transcriptomics studies and applied the results to understand virus activation under clinical conditions. Using a latent HHV-6A cell culture model in U2OS cells, we identified an early stage of viral reactivation, which we define as transactivation that is marked by transcription of several viral small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in the absence of detectable increase in viral replication and proteome. Using deep sequencing approaches, we detected previously known as well as a new viral sncRNAs that characterized viral transactivation and differentiated it from latency. Here we show changes in human transcriptome upon viral transactivation that reflect multiple alterations in mitochondria-associated pathways, which was supported by observation of increased mitochondrial fragmentation in virus reactivated cells. Furthermore, we present here a unique clinical case of DIHS/DRESS associated death where HHV-6 sncRNA-U14 was abundantly detected throughout the body of the patient in the presence of low viral DNA. In this study, we have identified a unique and early stage of viral activation that is characterized by abundant transcription of viral sncRNAs, which can serve as an ideal biomarker under clinical conditions.
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Chen Y, Liu G, He F, Zhang L, Yang K, Yu H, Zhou J, Gan H. MicroRNA 375 modulates hyperglycemia-induced enteric glial cell apoptosis and Diabetes-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction by targeting Pdk1 and repressing PI3K/Akt pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12681. [PMID: 30140011 PMCID: PMC6107553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy can damage systemic nervous system, including alteration of enteric nervous system and subsequent gastrointestinal dysfunction. The effect of diabetes on enteric glia cell (EGC) is not clear. We investigated the effect of diabetes and hyperglycemia on EGC, and the role of microRNA375 in modulating EGC survival in vivo and in vitro. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were intraperitoneally injected with microRNA375 inhibitor or its negative control. EGC was transfected with microRNA375 inhibitor or its mimic. Diabetes mice with gastrointestinal dysfunction showed increased apoptosis of EGC (no difference in cell numbers) and gene expression of micorRNA375 in the myenteric plexus. Hyperglycemia triggered apoptosis of EGC in vitro with decreased expression of Pdk1 and p-Akt, but increased expression of micorRNA375. MicorRNA375 mimic induced apoptosis of EGC in vitro with repressed Pdk1and p-Akt. MicorRNA375 inhibitor could both prevent hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis of EGC in vitro and diabetes-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction in vivo. Our results suggest that diabetes-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction is related to increased apoptosis of EGC in the myenteric plexus. Hyperglycemia can increase the expression of microRNA375 and damage EGC survival through PI3K/Akt pathway. MicroRNA375 specific inhibition can prevent hyperglycemia induced EGC damage and diabetes-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gongxiang Liu
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fuqian He
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of elderly digestive, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Kun Yang
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinqiu Zhou
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huatian Gan
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Antonioli L, Caputi V, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, Gentile D, Giron MC, Orso G, Bernardini N, Segnani C, Ippolito C, Csóka B, Haskó G, Németh ZH, Scarpignato C, Blandizzi C, Colucci R. Interplay between colonic inflammation and tachykininergic pathways in the onset of colonic dysmotility in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:331-343. [PMID: 30082748 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The murine model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is characterized by an increment of intestinal permeability, secondary to an impairment of mucosal epithelial barrier and enteric inflammation, followed by morphofunctional rearrangement of the enteric nervous system. The present study investigated the involvement of abdominal macrophages in the mechanisms underlying the development of enteric dysmotility associated with obesity. METHODS Wild type C57BL/6J mice were fed with HFD (60% kcal from fat) or normocaloric diet (NCD, 18% kcal from fat) for 8 weeks. Groups of mice fed with NCD or HFD were treated with clodronate encapsulated into liposomes to deplete abdominal macrophages. Tachykininergic contractions, elicited by electrical stimulation or exogenous substance P (SP), were recorded in vitro from longitudinal muscle colonic preparations. Substance P distribution was examined by confocal immunohistochemistry. The density of macrophages in the colonic wall was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA, colorimetric assay) and IL-1β (ELISA assay) levels were also evaluated. RESULTS MDA and IL-1β levels were increased in colonic tissues from HFD-treated animals. In colonic preparations, electrically evoked tachykininergic contractions were enhanced in HFD mice. Immunohistochemistry displayed an increase in substance P immunoreactivity in myenteric ganglia, as well as in the muscular layers of colonic cryosections from obese mice. Macrophage depletion in HFD mice was associated with a significant reduction of colonic inflammation. In addition, the decrease in macrophage density attenuated the morphofunctional alterations of tachykininergic pathways observed in obese mice. CONCLUSION Obesity elicited by HFD determines a condition of colonic inflammation, followed by a marked rearrangement of motor excitatory tachykininergic enteric nerves. Macrophage depletion counteracted the morphofunctional changes of colonic neuromuscular compartment, suggesting a critical role for these immune cells in the onset of enteric dysmotility associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Valentina Caputi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,San Camillo Hospital, Treviso, Italy.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Gentile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Genny Orso
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini-, Lecco, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Balázs Csóka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zoltán H Németh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, 07960, USA
| | | | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Fesler A, Liu H, Ju J. Modified miR-15a has therapeutic potential for improving treatment of advanced stage colorectal cancer through inhibition of BCL2, BMI1, YAP1 and DCLK1. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2367-2383. [PMID: 29416778 PMCID: PMC5788646 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in colon cancer treatments, resistance and recurrence remain a significant challenge in treating patients. Novel therapeutic strategies are in urgent need to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes. MicroRNA based therapeutics have potential to help combat resistance. In this study, we have shown that low miR-15a expression correlates with poor patient prognosis. We have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of miR-15a in colon cancer. miR-15a inhibits several important genes (BCL2, BMI1, YAP1 and DCLK1), decreasing cancer progression and resistance. Additionally, by replacing uracil in miR-15a with 5-fluorouracil, we created a novel miR-15a mimic with enhanced therapeutic potential. This mimic maintains target specificity and is more potent than unmodified miR-15a in vitro and inhibits colon tumor metastasis in vivo. This mimic has great potential for therapeutic development for treating colon cancer patients. This novel modification has potential to advance the development of other microRNA based therapeutics beyond miR-15a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fesler
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jingfang Ju
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Wu N, Fesler A, Liu H, Ju J. Development of novel miR-129 mimics with enhanced efficacy to eliminate chemoresistant colon cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 9:8887-8897. [PMID: 29507661 PMCID: PMC5823633 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemotherapy is the major reason for failure of treating patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Materials and methods In this study, we developed a novel miR-129 mimic with potent efficacy in eliminating resistant colon cancer stem cells both in vitro and in vivo. We integrated 5-FU into miR-129 by replacing Uracil (U) to generate 5-FU-miR-129 mimics (Mimic-1). Results Mimic-1 is a strong therapeutic candidate with a number of unique features. Mimic-1 can be delivered to cancer cells without any transfection reagents (e.g. lipids, viral vector, nanoparticles). Mimic-1 is more potent at inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase than native miR-129 and the other mimics tested, while retaining target specificity. Mimic-1 prevents colon cancer metastasis in vivo without toxicity. Conclusion This represents a significant advancement in the development of a nontoxic and highly potent miRNA based cancer therapeutics and establishes a foundation for further developing Mimic-1 as a novel anti-cancer therapeutic for treating colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Andrew Fesler
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jingfang Ju
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Antonioli L, Pellegrini C, Fornai M, Tirotta E, Gentile D, Benvenuti L, Giron MC, Caputi V, Marsilio I, Orso G, Bernardini N, Segnani C, Ippolito C, Csóka B, Németh ZH, Haskó G, Scarpignato C, Blandizzi C, Colucci R. Colonic motor dysfunctions in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity: an involvement of A 2B adenosine receptors. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:497-510. [PMID: 28808842 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A2B receptors (A2BR) regulate several enteric functions. However, their implication in the pathophysiology of intestinal dysmotility associated with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity has not been elucidated. We investigated the expression of A2BR in mouse colon and their role in the mechanisms underlying the development of enteric dysmotility associated with obesity. Wild-type C57BL/6J mice were fed with HFD (60% kcal from fat) or normocaloric diet (NCD; 18% kcal from fat) for 8 weeks. Colonic A2BR localization was examined by immunofluorescence. The role of A2BR in the control of colonic motility was examined in functional experiments on longitudinal muscle preparations (LMPs). In NCD mice, A2BR were predominantly located in myenteric neurons; in HFD animals, their expression increased throughout the neuromuscular layer. Functionally, the A2BR antagonist MRS1754 enhanced electrically induced NK1-mediated tachykininergic contractions in LMPs from HFD mice, while it was less effective in tissues from NCD mice. The A2B receptor agonist BAY 60-6583 decreased colonic tachykininergic contractions in LMPs, with higher efficacy in preparations from obese mice. Both A2BR ligands did not affect contractions elicited by exogenous substance P. Obesity is related with a condition of colonic inflammation, leading to an increase of A2BR expression. A2BR, modulating the activity of excitatory tachykininergic nerves, participate to the enteric dysmotility associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Erika Tirotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Gentile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Caputi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,San Camillo Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marsilio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Genny Orso
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini-, Lecco, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Balázs Csóka
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Zoltán H Németh
- Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | | | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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