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Matsui K, Tani R, Yamasaki S, Ito N, Hamada A, Shintani T, Otomo T, Tokumaru K, Yanamoto S, Okamoto T. Analysis of Oral and Gut Microbiome Composition and Its Impact in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6077. [PMID: 38892262 PMCID: PMC11172797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of gut and oral microbiota on the clinical outcomes of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unknown. We compared the bacterial composition of dental plaque and feces between patients with OSCC and healthy controls (HCs). Fecal and dental plaque samples were collected from 7 HCs and 18 patients with OSCC before treatment initiation. Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis of 16S rRNA genes was performed. Differences in bacterial diversity between the HC and OSCC groups were examined. We compared the occupancy of each bacterial species in samples taken from patients with OSCC and HCs and analyzed the correlation between PD-L1 expression in the tumor specimens and the occupancy of each bacterial species. The gut and oral microbiota of patients with OSCC were more varied than those of HCs. Porphyromonas and Prevotella were significantly more abundant in patients with OSCC than in HCs. The abundance of Clostridium subcluster XIVa in the gut microbiota of the PD-L1-positive group was significantly greater than that in the PD-L1-negative group. The oral and gut microbiomes of patients with OSCC were in a state of dysbiosis. Our results suggest the possibility of new cancer therapies targeting these disease-specific microbiomes using probiotics and synbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Matsui
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (K.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Ryouji Tani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Sachiko Yamasaki
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.Y.); (A.H.); (S.Y.)
| | - Nanako Ito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Atsuko Hamada
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.Y.); (A.H.); (S.Y.)
| | - Tomoaki Shintani
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Otomo
- NIHON KEFIA Co., Ltd., 13-16, Asahicho, Fujisawa-shi 251-0054, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Koichiro Tokumaru
- NIHON KEFIA Co., Ltd., 13-16, Asahicho, Fujisawa-shi 251-0054, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Souichi Yanamoto
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.Y.); (A.H.); (S.Y.)
| | - Tetsuji Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (K.M.); (T.O.)
- School of Medical Sciences, University of East Asia, Shimonoseki 751-8503, Japan
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Nie H, Wang X, Luo Y, Kong F, Mu G, Wu X. Mechanism Explanation on Improved Cognitive Ability of D-Gal Inducing Aged Mice Model by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MWFLp-182 via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:9795-9806. [PMID: 38608178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota can influence cognitive ability via the gut-brain axis. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MWFLp-182 (L. plantarum MWFLp-182) was obtained from feces of long-living individuals and could exert marked antioxidant ability. Interestingly, this strain reduced the D-galactose-induced impaired cognitive ability in BALB/c mice. To comprehensively elucidate the underlying mechanism, we evaluated the colonization, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of L. plantarum MWFLp-182, along with the expression of potential genes associated with cognitive ability influenced and gut microbiota. L. plantarum MWFLp-182 enhanced the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and increased tight junction protein expression in the colon. Moreover, L. plantarum MWFLp-182 could modify the gut microbiota. Notably, treatment with L. plantarum MWFLp-182 upregulated the expression of postsynaptic density protein-95, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor, nerve growth factor, superoxide dismutase, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor/neuronal nuclei, while downregulating the expression of bcl-2-associated X and malondialdehyde in the hippocampus and upregulating short-chain fatty acids against D-galactose-induced mouse brain deficits. Accordingly, L. plantarum MWFLp-182 could improve cognitive ability in a D-galactose-inducing mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Nie
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Probiotic Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou, Guangxi 542899, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Probiotic Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanghe Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou, Guangxi 542899, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanhua Kong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Probiotic Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Probiotic Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Probiotic Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
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Ma Y, Yang D, Huang J, Liu K, Liu H, Wu H, Bao C. Probiotics for inflammatory bowel disease: Is there sufficient evidence? Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220821. [PMID: 38585636 PMCID: PMC10998680 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to chronic inflammatory disorders of the gut. Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are two subtypes of IBD. Evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota plays a role in the pathogenesis of IBD, so probiotics have garnered a lot of interest as a potential treatment or prevention for IBD. However, clinical evidence of the efficacy of probiotics is still debatable. We performed a literature review. An advanced search considered clinical studies on probiotic for IBD from inception to 2023 in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. In the treatment of UC with probiotics, only Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 for maintenance treatment of UC in remission, and Bifidobacterium and VSL#3 for induction of remission in patients with mild to moderately active UC have shown strong evidence. Currently, there are no definitive conclusions regarding the effectiveness of probiotics in CD. The mechanism of probiotic treatment for IBD may be related to reducing oxidative stress, repairing the intestinal barrier, regulating intestinal flora balance, and modulating intestinal immune response. Differences in the benefits of probiotics between CD and UC may be attributable to the different lesion extent and immune-mediated pathophysiology. More robust randomized clinical trials are required to validate the efficacy and safety of diverse probiotic strains in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Ma
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai200437, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong999077, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai200437, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Kunli Liu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai200437, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai200437, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai200030, China
| | - Huangan Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai200437, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai200030, China
| | - Chunhui Bao
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai200437, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai200030, China
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Stallmach A, Quickert S, Puta C, Reuken PA. The gastrointestinal microbiota in the development of ME/CFS: a critical view and potential perspectives. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352744. [PMID: 38605969 PMCID: PMC11007072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Like other infections, a SARS-CoV-2 infection can also trigger Post-Acute Infection Syndromes (PAIS), which often progress into myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). ME/CFS, characterized by post-exercise malaise (PEM), is a severe multisystemic disease for which specific diagnostic markers or therapeutic concepts have not been established. Despite numerous indications of post-infectious neurological, immunological, endocrinal, and metabolic deviations, the exact causes and pathophysiology remain unclear. To date, there is a paucity of data, that changes in the composition and function of the gastrointestinal microbiota have emerged as a potential influencing variable associated with immunological and inflammatory pathways, shifts in ME/CFS. It is postulated that this dysbiosis may lead to intestinal barrier dysfunction, translocation of microbial components with increased oxidative stress, and the development or progression of ME/CFS. In this review, we detailed discuss the findings regarding alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota and its microbial mediators in ME/CFS. When viewed critically, there is currently no evidence indicating causality between changes in the microbiota and the development of ME/CFS. Most studies describe associations within poorly defined patient populations, often combining various clinical presentations, such as irritable bowel syndrome and fatigue associated with ME/CFS. Nevertheless, drawing on analogies with other gastrointestinal diseases, there is potential to develop strategies aimed at modulating the gut microbiota and/or its metabolites as potential treatments for ME/CFS and other PAIS. These strategies should be further investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Quickert
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Puta
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases Related to Professional Activities, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp A. Reuken
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Baker CC, Sessenwein JL, Wood HM, Yu Y, Tsang Q, Alward TA, Jimenez Vargas NN, Omar AA, McDonnel A, Segal JP, Sjaarda CP, Bunnett NW, Schmidt BL, Caminero A, Boev N, Bannerman CA, Ghasemlou N, Sheth PM, Vanner SJ, Reed DE, Lomax AE. Protease-Induced Excitation of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons in Response to Acute Perturbation of the Gut Microbiota Is Associated With Visceral and Somatic Hypersensitivity. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:101334. [PMID: 38494056 PMCID: PMC11350452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Abdominal pain is a major symptom of diseases that are associated with microbial dysbiosis, including irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. Germ-free mice are more prone to abdominal pain than conventionally housed mice, and reconstitution of the microbiota in germ-free mice reduces abdominal pain sensitivity. However, the mechanisms underlying microbial modulation of pain remain elusive. We hypothesized that disruption of the intestinal microbiota modulates the excitability of peripheral nociceptive neurons. METHODS In vivo and in vitro assays of visceral sensation were performed on mice treated with the nonabsorbable antibiotic vancomycin (50 μg/mL in drinking water) for 7 days and water-treated control mice. Bacterial dysbiosis was verified by 16s rRNA analysis of stool microbial composition. RESULTS Treatment of mice with vancomycin led to an increased sensitivity to colonic distension in vivo and in vitro and hyperexcitability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in vitro, compared with controls. Interestingly, hyperexcitability of DRG neurons was not restricted to those that innervated the gut, suggesting a widespread effect of gut dysbiosis on peripheral pain circuits. Consistent with this, mice treated with vancomycin were more sensitive than control mice to thermal stimuli applied to hind paws. Incubation of DRG neurons from naive mice in serum from vancomycin-treated mice increased DRG neuron excitability, suggesting that microbial dysbiosis alters circulating mediators that influence nociception. The cysteine protease inhibitor E64 (30 nmol/L) and the protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) antagonist GB-83 (10 μmol/L) each blocked the increase in DRG neuron excitability in response to serum from vancomycin-treated mice, as did the knockout of PAR-2 in NaV1.8-expressing neurons. Stool supernatant, but not colonic supernatant, from mice treated with vancomycin increased DRG neuron excitability via cysteine protease activation of PAR-2. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data suggest that gut microbial dysbiosis alters pain sensitivity and identify cysteine proteases as a potential mediator of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey C Baker
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica L Sessenwein
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannah M Wood
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yang Yu
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Quentin Tsang
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor A Alward
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Amal Abu Omar
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abby McDonnel
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia P Segal
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Calvin P Sjaarda
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Alberto Caminero
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadejda Boev
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney A Bannerman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's Unversity, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prameet M Sheth
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E Reed
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan E Lomax
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Dosh L, Rappa F, Jurjus A, Karam G, Lezeik R, El Masri J, Bucchieri F, Leone A, Jurjus R. The Mechanism and Potential Therapeutic Effects of Cyclosporin, Cyclophilin, Probiotics and Syndecan-1 in an Animal Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:130. [PMID: 38276500 PMCID: PMC10819533 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) have several treatment modalities including immunoregulators, like cyclosporine A, an immunosuppressant that interacts with cytoplasmic cyclophilin A, and probiotics. Aims: This study explored and compared the possible role of syndecan-1 in the IBD pathogenic process as well as the effectiveness of cyclophilin A, cyclosporine A, and their combination in the management of IBDs in the presence of probiotics. Methodology: IBD was induced in a total of 112 mice equally divided between syndecan-1 knock-out (KO) and Balb/c wild-type mice, using 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) followed by intraperitoneal treatment with cyclosporine A, cyclophilin A, or a combination of both. In addition, a daily dose of probiotics was given in their drinking water. The animals were monitored for clinical signs and symptoms and checked for gross pathologies in the abdomen after 3 weeks. Descending and sigmoid colon biopsies were collected and fixed for routine microscopy or frozen for protein extraction and molecular testing for IL-6, CD3, CD147, and beta 1 integrins as well as pAkt expression. Results: The data showed that the induction of IBD in the syndecan-1 KO mice was more severe at the clinical, histological, and molecular levels than in the wild type. The combined CypA-CyA treatment showed no added inhibitory effect compared to single-drug treatment in both strains. Probiotics added to the combination was more effective in the wild type and, when used alone, its inhibition of IL-6 was the highest. As for the CD147 marker, there were more suppressions across the various groups in the KO mice except for the probiotics-alone group. Concerning CD3, it was significantly increased by the CypA-CyA complex, which led to more inflammation in the KO mice. Probiotics had little effect with the combination. In relation to beta 1 integrins, the CypA-CyA combination made no significant difference from CyA alone, and adding probiotics to the combination resulted in higher beta 1 integrin expression in the KO mice. As for pAkt, it was very well expressed and upregulated in both strains treated with DSS, but the effect was much larger in the KO mice. In brief, the CypA-CyA complex showed a decrease in the expression of pAkt, but there was no added effect of both drugs. Probiotics along with the complex had a similar reduction effects in both strains, with a greater effect in the wild-type mice, while probiotics alone led to a similar reduction in pAkt expressions in both strains. Conclusions: The differential effects of CyA, CypA, probiotics, and their combinations on the various inflammatory markers, as well as the histological alterations and clinical signs and symptoms, speak in favor of a clear role of syndecan-1 in reducing inflammation. However, probiotics need to be considered after more explorations into the mechanisms involved in the presence of CypA and CyA especially since pAkt is less active in their presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dosh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Gaelle Karam
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Roaa Lezeik
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Jad El Masri
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Leone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalyn Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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Tang H, Chen X, Huang S, Yin G, Wang X, Shen G. Targeting the gut-microbiota-brain axis in irritable bowel disease to improve cognitive function - recent knowledge and emerging therapeutic opportunities. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:763-773. [PMID: 36757367 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The brain-gut axis forms a bidirectional communication system between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and cognitive brain areas. Disturbances to this system in disease states such as inflammatory bowel disease have consequences for neuronal activity and subsequent cognitive function. The gut-microbiota-brain axis refers to the communication between gut-resident bacteria and the brain. This circuits exists to detect gut microorganisms and relay information to specific areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that in turn, regulate gut physiology. Changes in both the stability and diversity of the gut microbiota have been implicated in several neuronal disorders, including depression, autism spectrum disorder Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Correcting this imbalance with medicinal herbs, the metabolic products of dysregulated bacteria and probiotics have shown hope for the treatment of these neuronal disorders. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the intricate connections between the gut-microbiota and the brain. We discuss the contribution of gut microbiota to neuronal disorders and the tangible links between diseases of the GI tract with cognitive function and behaviour. In this regard, we focus on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) given its strong links to brain function and anxiety disorders. This adds to the growing body of evidence supporting targeted therapeutic strategies to modulate the gut microbiota for the treatment of brain/mental-health-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyong Tang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shun Huang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Xin'an School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiyang Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guoming Shen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
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Huang J, Gong C, Zhou A. Modulation of gut microbiota: a novel approach to enhancing the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231204854. [PMID: 37841750 PMCID: PMC10571694 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231204854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have greatly improved the prognosis of some cancer patients, the majority still fail to respond adequately, and the available biomarkers cannot reliably predict drug efficacy. The gut microbiota has received widespread attention among the various intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to drug resistance. As an essential regulator of physiological function, the impact of gut microbiota on host immunity and response to cancer therapy is increasingly recognized. Several studies have demonstrated significant differences in gut microbiota between responders and nonresponders. The gut microbiota associated with better clinical outcomes is called 'favorable gut microbiota'. Significantly, interventions can alter the gut microbiota. By shifting the gut microbiota to the 'favorable' one through various modifications, preclinical and clinical studies have yielded more pronounced responses and better clinical outcomes when combined with ICIs treatment, providing novel approaches to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. These findings may be attributed to the effects of gut microbiota and its metabolites on the immune microenvironment and the systemic immune system, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be discovered. In this review, we summarize the clinical evidence that the gut microbiota is strongly associated with the outcomes of ICI treatment and describe the gut microbiota characteristics associated with better clinical outcomes. We then expand on the current prevalent modalities of gut microbiota regulation, provide a comprehensive overview of preclinical and clinical research advances in improving the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of ICIs by modulating gut microbiota, and suggest fundamental questions we need to address and potential directions for future research expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Caifeng Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China
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9
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Chen Q, Fan Y, Zhang B, Yan C, Zhang Q, Ke Y, Chen Z, Wang L, Shi H, Hu Y, Huang Q, Su J, Xie C, Zhang X, Zhou L, Ren J, Xu H. Capsulized Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Induces Remission in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis by Gut Microbial Colonization and Metabolite Regulation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0415222. [PMID: 37093057 PMCID: PMC10269780 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04152-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can induce clinical remission in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Enemas, nasoduodenal tubes, and colonoscopies are the most common routes for FMT administration. However, there is a lack of definitive evidence regarding the effectiveness of capsulized FMT treatment in UC patients. In this study, we administered capsulized FMT to 22 patients with active UC to assess the efficiency of capsulized FMT and determine the specific bacteria and metabolite factors associated with the response to clinical remission. Our results showed that the use of capsulized FMT was successful in the treatment of UC patients. Capsulized FMT induced clinical remission and clinical response in 57.1% (12 of 21) and 76.2% (16 of 21) of UC patients, respectively. Gut bacterial richness was increased after FMT in patients who achieved remission. Patients in remission after FMT exhibited enrichment of Alistipes sp. and Odoribacter splanchnicus, along with increased levels of indolelactic acid. Patients who did not achieve remission exhibited enrichment of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella and increased levels of biosynthesis of 12,13-DiHOME (12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid) and lipopolysaccharides. Furthermore, we identified a relationship between specific bacteria and metabolites and the induction of remission in patients. These findings may provide new insights into FMT in UC treatment and provide reference information about therapeutic microbial manipulation of FMT to enhance its effects. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrails.gov under registration no. NCT03426683). IMPORTANCE Fecal microbiota transplantation has been successfully used in patients. Recently, capsulized FMT was reported to induce a response in patients with UC. However, limited patients were enrolled in such studies, and the functional factors of capsulized FMT have not been reported in the remission of patients with UC. In this study, we prospectively recruited patients with UC to receive capsulized FMT. First, we found that capsulized FMT could induce clinical remission in 57.1% of patients and clinical response in 76.2% after 12 weeks, which was more acceptable. Second, we found a relationship between the decrease of opportunistic pathogen and lipopolysaccharide synthesis in patients in remission after capsulized FMT. We also identified an association between specific bacteria and metabolites and remission induction in patients after capsulized FMT. These findings put forward a possibility for patients to receive FMT at home and provide reference information about therapeutic microbial manipulation of FMT to enhance its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanyun Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bangzhou Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Changsheng Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhao Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhangran Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huaxiu Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yiqun Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingwen Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingling Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenxi Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lixiang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianlin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiome and Human Health, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongzhi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiome and Human Health, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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10
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The Role of Microbiota in Liver Transplantation and Liver Transplantation-Related Biliary Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054841. [PMID: 36902269 PMCID: PMC10003075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation as a treatment option for end-stage liver diseases is associated with a relevant risk for complications. On the one hand, immunological factors and associated chronic graft rejection are major causes of morbidity and carry an increased risk of mortality due to liver graft failure. On the other hand, infectious complications have a major impact on patient outcomes. In addition, abdominal or pulmonary infections, and biliary complications, including cholangitis, are common complications in patients after liver transplantation and can also be associated with a risk for mortality. Thereby, these patients already suffer from gut dysbiosis at the time of liver transplantation due to their severe underlying disease, causing end-stage liver failure. Despite an impaired gut-liver axis, repeated antibiotic therapies can cause major changes in the gut microbiome. Due to repeated biliary interventions, the biliary tract is often colonized by several bacteria with a high risk for multi-drug resistant germs causing local and systemic infections before and after liver transplantation. Growing evidence about the role of gut microbiota in the perioperative course and their impact on patient outcomes in liver transplantation is available. However, data about biliary microbiota and their impact on infectious and biliary complications are still sparse. In this comprehensive review, we compile the current evidence for the role of microbiome research in liver transplantation with a focus on biliary complications and infections due to multi-drug resistant germs.
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11
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Simrén M. Targeting the gut microenvironment in IBS to improve symptoms. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:69-70. [PMID: 36447024 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Simrén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Center for Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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12
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The Short-term Efficacy of Bifidobacterium Quadruple Viable Tablet in Patients with Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Potentially Mediated by Metabolism rather than Diversity Regulation. Am J Gastroenterol 2022:00000434-990000000-00614. [PMID: 36717369 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The therapeutic effect of probiotics for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was controversial. This study aims to evaluate the short-term efficacy of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablet in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) and explore factors associated with response to probiotics. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial was performed in 15 hospitals. 290 patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were assigned to the probiotics or placebo group randomly with a ratio of 1:1 for a 4-week treatment and a 2-week follow-up. The primary outcome was the response rate. It was regarded as the proportion of patients with composite responses of improvement in both abdominal pain and diarrhea simultaneously. RESULTS After 4-week continuous administration, the response rate of the probiotics and the placebo were 67.59% and 36.55% respectively (p<0.001). In the probiotics, those with higher abdominal pain scores (2.674 [1.139, 6.279]) were more likely to respond but responders in placebo had lower Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) score (0.162 [0.060, 0.439]), lower Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score (0.335 [0.148, 0.755]) and higher degree of bloating (2.718 [1.217, 6.074]). Although the diversity of the microbiota was not significantly changed by probiotics, the abundance of bacteria producing short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including Butyricimonas (p=0.048), Pseudobutyrivibrio (p=0.005), Barnesiella (p=0.020) and Sutterella (p=0.020), and the concentration of SCFAs including butyric acid (p=0.010), valeric acid (p=0.019) and caproic acid (p=0.046) in feces increased. CONCLUSIONS Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablet had a significant short-term efficacy for the treatment of IBS-D, and were more effective in patients with higher abdominal pain scores. This kind of probiotics could improve the abundance of several bacteria producing SCFAs as well as the concentration of fecal SCFAs compared to placebos.
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13
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The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012289. [PMID: 36293176 PMCID: PMC9603886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota (GM) and the Central Nervous System, the so-called gut microbiota brain axis (GMBA), deeply affects brain function and has an important impact on the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), gastrointestinal symptoms often precede the onset of motor and non-motor manifestations, and alterations in the GM composition accompany disease pathogenesis. Several studies have been conducted to unravel the role of dysbiosis and intestinal permeability in PD onset and progression, but the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of GM modifying approaches remain to be fully elucidated. After a brief introduction on the involvement of GMBA in the disease, we present evidence for GM alterations and leaky gut in PD patients. According to these data, we then review the potential of GM-based signatures to serve as disease biomarkers and we highlight the emerging role of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal microbiota transplantation as supportive therapeutic approaches in PD. Finally, we analyze the mutual influence between commonly prescribed PD medications and gut-microbiota, and we offer insights on the involvement also of nasal and oral microbiota in PD pathology, thus providing a comprehensive and up-to-date overview on the role of microbial features in disease diagnosis and treatment.
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14
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Ricci C, Rizzello F, Valerii MC, Spisni E, Gionchetti P, Turroni S, Candela M, D’Amico F, Spigarelli R, Bellocchio I, Marasco G, Barbara G. Geraniol Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194208. [PMID: 36235860 PMCID: PMC9571173 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Geraniol is an acyclic monoterpene alcohol with well-known anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties which has shown eubiotic activity towards gut microbiota (GM) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS Fifty-six IBS patients diagnosed according to Rome III criteria were enrolled in an interventional, prospective, multicentric, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. In the treatment arm, patients received a low-absorbable geraniol food supplement (LAGS) once daily for four weeks. RESULTS Patients treated with LAGS showed a significant reduction in their IBS symptoms severity score (IBS-SSS) compared to the placebo (195 vs. 265, p = 0.001). The rate of responders according to IBS-SSS (reduction ≥ 50 points) was significantly higher in the geraniol vs placebo group (52.0% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.009) mainly due to the IBS mixed subtype. There were notable differences in the microbiota composition after geraniol administration, particularly a significant decrease in a genus of Ruminococcaceae, Oscillospira (p = 0.01), a decreasing trend for the Erysipelotrichaceae and Clostridiaceae families (p = 0.1), and an increasing trend for other Ruminococcaceae taxa, specifically Faecalibacterium (p = 0.09). The main circulating proinflammatory cytokines showed no differences between placebo and geraniol arms. CONCLUSION LAGS was effective in treating overall IBS symptoms, together with an improvement in the gut microbiota profile, especially for the IBS mixed subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili 1, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fernando Rizzello
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Valerii
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enzo Spisni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-1209-4147
| | - Paolo Gionchetti
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica D’Amico
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Spigarelli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Bellocchio
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marasco
- Division of Internal Medicine, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- Division of Internal Medicine, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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15
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Fernandes D, Andreyev J. The Role of the Human Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Radiation Enteropathy. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1613. [PMID: 36014031 PMCID: PMC9415405 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome plays a key role in regulating host physiology. In a stable state, both the microbiota and the gut work synergistically. The overall homeostasis of the intestinal flora can be affected by multiple factors, including disease states and the treatments given for those diseases. In this review, we examine the relatively well-characterised abnormalities that develop in the microbiome in idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, and compare and contrast them to those that are found in radiation enteropathy. We discuss how these changes may exert their effects at a molecular level, and the possible role of manipulating the microbiome through the use of a variety of therapies to reduce the severity of the underlying condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Fernandes
- The Department of Gastroenterology, United Lincolnshire NHS Trust, Lincoln County Hospital, Lincoln LN2 5QY, UK
| | - Jervoise Andreyev
- The Department of Gastroenterology, United Lincolnshire NHS Trust, Lincoln County Hospital, Lincoln LN2 5QY, UK
- The Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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16
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Barone M, D'Amico F, Rampelli S, Brigidi P, Turroni S. Age-related diseases, therapies and gut microbiome: A new frontier for healthy aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 206:111711. [PMID: 35868543 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is undoubtedly a key modulator of human health, which can promote or impair homeostasis throughout life. This is even more relevant in old age, when there is a gradual loss of function in multiple organ systems, related to growth, metabolism, and immunity. Several studies have described changes in the gut microbiome across age groups up to the extreme limits of lifespan, including maladaptations that occur in the context of age-related conditions, such as frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiometabolic diseases. The gut microbiome can also interact bi-directionally with anti-age-related disease therapies, being affected and in turn influencing their efficacy. In this framework, the development of integrated microbiome-based intervention strategies, aimed at favoring a eubiotic configuration and trajectory, could therefore represent an innovative approach for the promotion of healthy aging and the achievement of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Federica D'Amico
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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17
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Zhang J, Chen X, Mu X, Hu M, Wang J, Huang X, Nie S. Protective effects of flavonoids isolated from <i>Agrocybe aegirita</i> on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. EFOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.53365/efood.k/147240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushroom derived phytochemical has become the promising agent to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we investigated the effect of flavonoids from <i>Agrocybe aegirita</i> (AAF) on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Our results showed that flavonoids from <i>Agrocybe aegirita</i> had a certain effect on physical signs in mice (improving the weight loss of mice, reducing reducing the DAI index and the spleen index of mice). AAF could also significantly reduce the shortening of the colon, and improve the level of tissue damage and colon inflammation. Besides, AAF could alleviate the colon inflammatory status including reducing the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β and increasing the levels of IL-10. In addition, AAF significantly promoted the growth of goblet cells and enhance the intestinal barrier function (the secretion of mucin in the colon were increased). In conclusion, flavonoids from <i>Agrocybe aegirita</i> has the potential to relieve the DSS-induced colitis in mice and could be a novel therapy for combating with IBD.
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18
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Quigley E. Clinical trials of probiotics in patients with IBS - some points to consider. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 28:204-211. [PMID: 35189598 PMCID: PMC8978119 DOI: 10.5056/jnm22012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic products in various formulations are widely used world-wide for a seemingly limitless range of indications--from health maintenance to the alleviation of common intestinal ailments and on to the prevention and treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal diseases and disorders. The profusion of probiotic preparations, together with a very different regulatory climate compared to that which surrounds drugs and devices, leaves the consumer and the health care professional alike bewildered. How can they tell which products truly are what they claim to be? Which probiotics should be chosen for a particular clinical situation? These questions are thrown into stark relief when one evaluates the literature on probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome. To provide some guidance the current probiotic landscape is reviewed and some achievable steps to help bring light to a murky environment are proposed. The goal is to promote verifiable quality control and generate actionable evidence from well-conducted clinical trials of probiotic products in irritable bowel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Quigley
- Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College Houston, Texas, USA
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19
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Varesi A, Pierella E, Romeo M, Piccini GB, Alfano C, Bjørklund G, Oppong A, Ricevuti G, Esposito C, Chirumbolo S, Pascale A. The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease: from Diagnosis to Treatment. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030668. [PMID: 35277027 PMCID: PMC8840394 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is emerging as a key regulator of many disease conditions and its dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders. More recently, gut microbiome alterations have been linked to neurodegeneration through the increasingly defined gut microbiota brain axis, opening the possibility for new microbiota-based therapeutic options. Although several studies have been conducted to unravel the possible relationship between Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathogenesis and progression, the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of approaches aiming at restoring gut microbiota eubiosis remain to be fully addressed. In this narrative review, we briefly summarize the role of gut microbiota homeostasis in brain health and disease, and we present evidence for its dysregulation in AD patients. Based on these observations, we then discuss how dysbiosis might be exploited as a new diagnostic tool in early and advanced disease stages, and we examine the potential of prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and diets as complementary therapeutic interventions on disease pathogenesis and progression, thus offering new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of this devastating and progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Almo Collegio Borromeo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Elisa Pierella
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (E.P.); (A.O.)
| | - Marcello Romeo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | | | - Claudia Alfano
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway;
| | - Abigail Oppong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (E.P.); (A.O.)
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Ciro Esposito
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, ICS Maugeri, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37121 Verona, Italy;
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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20
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Mishra J, Stubbs M, Kuang L, Vara N, Kumar P, Kumar N. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapeutics: A Focus on Probiotic Engineering. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:9621668. [PMID: 35082553 PMCID: PMC8786545 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9621668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of gastrointestinal (GI) tract with dysregulated mucosal immune functions and disturbed commensal ecosystem of the intestinal lumen. IBD is categorized into two major subsets: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Though advent of biologics has shifted the treatment with relatively longer remission compared to small molecule pharmaceuticals, patients still suffer from long-term complications. Since gut-microbiome is now accepted as another human organ holding potential for long-lasting human health, probiotics, and its engineering hold great promises to treat several previously untreatable chronic inflammatory conditions including IBD. Several emerging biological engineering tools have unlimited potential to manipulate probiotic bacterial system. These can produce useful therapeutic biologics with a goal to either ameliorate and/or treat previously untreatable chronic inflammatory conditions. As gut-microbiome is diverse and vary in different ethnic, geographic, and cultural human population, it will be important to develop vision for personalized probiotic treatment and develop the technology thereof to make personalized probiotic options a reality. The aim of this review paper is to present an overview of the current knowledge on both pharmacological and nonpharmacological IBD treatment modalities with a special emphasis on probiotic strains that are developed through the probiotic engineering. These engineered probiotics contain the most anti-inflammatory cytokines found within the human immune response and are currently being used to treat the intestinal inflammation in IBD for the IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Madyson Stubbs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Longxiang Kuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Nitza Vara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Priyam Kumar
- Santa Gertrudis Academy High School, Kingsville, Texas, USA
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
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21
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Abstract
Microbiota in the gastrointestinal system is a major determinant in health and disease status with its influence on immunity. Bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota and host immune system is well balanced in healthy individuals and a disruption (dysbiosis) can lead to gastrointestinal inflammations and metabolic disorders. Growing evidence support the cross-talk between gastrointestinal microbiota and lung that maintains host homeostasis and reduces the risk of disease development. The Gut-lung axis is possibly involved in the severity of COVID-19 with the association of dysbiosis. Targeted alterations in the gut microbiota could be considered to alleviate the disease severity.
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22
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Role of TLR5 in the Translocation and Dissemination of Commensal Bacteria in the Intestine after Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6417658. [PMID: 34840990 PMCID: PMC8626180 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6417658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterogenous infection is a major cause of death during traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS). It has been reported that Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) plays an integral role in regulating mucosal immunity and intestinal homeostasis of the microbiota. However, the roles played by TLR5 on intestinal barrier maintenance and commensal bacterial translocation post-THS are poorly understood. In this research, we established THS models in wild-type (WT) and Tlr5-/- (genetically deficient in TLR5 expression) mice. We found that THS promoted bacterial translocation, while TLR5 deficiency played a protective role in preventing commensal bacteria dissemination after THS. Furthermore, intestinal microbiota analysis uncovered that TLR5 deficiency enhanced the mucosal biological barrier by decreasing RegIIIγ-mediated bactericidal activity against G+ anaerobic bacteria. We then sorted small intestinal TLR5+ lamina propria dendritic cells (LPDCs) and analyzed TH1 differentiation in the intestinal lamina propria and a coculture system consisting of LPDCs and naïve T cells. Although TLR5 deficiency attenuated the regulation of TH1 polarization by LPDCs, it conferred stability to the cells during THS. Moreover, retinoic acid (RA) released from TLR5+ LPDCs could play a key role in modulating TH1 polarization. We also found that gavage administration of RA alleviated bacterial translocation in THS-treated WT mice. In summary, we documented that TLR5 signaling plays a pivotal role in regulating RegIIIγ-induced killing of G+ anaerobic bacteria, and LPDCs mediated TH1 differentiation via RA. These processes prevent intestinal bacterial translocation and enterogenous infection after THS, suggesting that therapeutically targeting LPDCs or gut microbiota can interfere with bacterial translocation after THS.
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23
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Varesi A, Deumer US, Ananth S, Ricevuti G. The Emerging Role of Gut Microbiota in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Current Evidence and Potential Therapeutic Applications. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215077. [PMID: 34768601 PMCID: PMC8584653 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-known symptoms of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) are chronic pain, cognitive dysfunction, post-exertional malaise and severe fatigue. Another class of symptoms commonly reported in the context of ME/CFS are gastrointestinal (GI) problems. These may occur due to comorbidities such as Crohn's disease or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or as a symptom of ME/CFS itself due to an interruption of the complex interplay between the gut microbiota (GM) and the host GI tract. An altered composition and overall decrease in diversity of GM has been observed in ME/CFS cases compared to controls. In this review, we reflect on genetics, infections, and other influences that may factor into the alterations seen in the GM of ME/CFS individuals, we discuss consequences arising from these changes, and we contemplate the therapeutic potential of treating the gut to alleviate ME/CFS symptoms holistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Almo Collegio Borromeo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Undine-Sophie Deumer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Sanjana Ananth
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Drug Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (G.R.)
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24
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AKTAS B, ASLIM B. Neuropathy in COVID-19 associated with dysbiosis-related inflammation. Turk J Biol 2021; 45:390-403. [PMID: 34803442 PMCID: PMC8573843 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2105-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although COVID-19 affects mainly lungs with a hyperactive and imbalanced immune response, gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms such as diarrhea and neuropathic pains have been described as well in patients with COVID-19. Studies indicate that gut-lung axis maintains host homeostasis and disease development with the association of immune system, and gut microbiota is involved in the COVID-19 severity in patients with extrapulmonary conditions. Gut microbiota dysbiosis impairs the gut permeability resulting in translocation of gut microbes and their metabolites into the circulatory system and induce systemic inflammation which, in turn, can affect distal organs such as the brain. Moreover, gut microbiota maintains the availability of tryptophan for kynurenine pathway, which is important for both central nervous and gastrointestinal system in regulating inflammation. SARS-CoV-2 infection disturbs the gut microbiota and leads to immune dysfunction with generalized inflammation. It has been known that cytokines and microbial products crossing the blood-brain barrier induce the neuroinflammation, which contributes to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases including neuropathies. Therefore, we believe that both gut-lung and gut-brain axes are involved in COVID-19 severity and extrapulmonary complications. Furthermore, gut microbial dysbiosis could be the reason of the neurologic complications seen in severe COVID-19 patients with the association of dysbiosis-related neuroinflammation. This review will provide valuable insights into the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis and dysbiosis-related inflammation on the neuropathy in COVID-19 patients and the disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra AKTAS
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, BurdurTurkey
| | - Belma ASLIM
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Gazi University, AnkaraTurkey
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25
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Eustis SJ, McCall MW, Murphy EA, Wirth MD. Association Between Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Depression in a Representative Sample of Adults in the United States: Findings From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2016). J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 2021; 63:268-279. [PMID: 34461293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiome's role in the etiology of depression has been a topic of many recent investigations. Findings suggest that dysbiosis, which describes a general disturbance in the gut microbiome, underlies negative gastrointestinal symptoms and is implicated in depression. We studied associations between gastrointestinal symptoms and depressive symptoms at a population level using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2016, n = 36,287). We hypothesized that the odds of depressive symptoms would be significantly higher in those showing signs of gastrointestinal distress. METHODS We analyzed 31,191 adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005-2016. Outcomes included presence of mucus or liquid in bowel leakage and stomach illness in the past month, diarrhea in the past year, and number of weekly bowel movements. The survey (and thus, our analyses) does not include microbiome samples, only self-reported gastrointestinal symptoms. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Moderate, moderately severe, and severe scores were coded as a positive outcome. RESULTS Compared to those without depressive symptoms, those with moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms had elevated odds of bowel mucus (odds ratio = 2.78; 95% confidence interval = 1.82-4.24), bowel liquid (odds ratio = 2.16; 95% confidence interval = 1.63-2.86), stomach illness (odds ratio = 1.82; 95% confidence interval = 1.31-2.53), diarrhea (sometimes vs. never odds ratio = 1.72; 95% confidence interval = 1.30-2.29), and constipation (sometimes vs. never odds ratio = 2.76; 95% confidence interval = 2.11-3.62). Overall, those with gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS While the intricacies of the brain-gut axis are being investigated at the molecular level, these population data provide further evidence for the association between depressive symptoms and signs of dysbiosis, which may inform health care providers' patient interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael W McCall
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Michael D Wirth
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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26
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Tang HY, Jiang AJ, Wang XY, Wang H, Guan YY, Li F, Shen GM. Uncovering the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome by exploring the gut-brain axis: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1187. [PMID: 34430628 PMCID: PMC8350700 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To improve the pathophysiological understanding of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by exploring the gut-brain axis. Background Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) are gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in which alterations in bowel functions occur. IBS, which is one of the most studied DGBIs, is linked with abdominal distress or pain without obvious structural or biochemical anomalies. Methods The etiology of IBS has not been clearly described but is known to be multifactorial, involving GI motility changes, post-infectious reactivity, visceral hypersensitivity, gut-brain interactions, microbiota dysbiosis, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, food sensitivity, carbohydrate malabsorption, and intestinal inflammation. Conclusions One of the main features of IBS is the occurrence of structural and functional disruptions in the gut-brain axis, which alter reflective and perceptual nervous system reactions. Herein, we provide a brief summary of this topic. Furthermore, we discuss animal models, which are important in the study of IBS, especially as it is linked with stressors. These animal models cannot fully represent the human disease but serve as important tools for understanding this complicated disorder. In the future, technologies, such as organ-on-a-chip models and metabolomics, will provide novel information regarding the pathophysiology of IBS, which will play an important role in treatment development. Finally, we take a brief glance at how acupuncture treatments may hold potential for patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Yong Tang
- Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ai-Juan Jiang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xi-Yang Wang
- Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Guan
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Guo-Ming Shen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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27
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Yu ZK, Xie RL, You R, Liu YP, Chen XY, Chen MY, Huang PY. The role of the bacterial microbiome in the treatment of cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:934. [PMID: 34412621 PMCID: PMC8375149 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome is defined as the microorganisms that reside in or on the human body, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their genomes. The human microbiome participates in the modulation of human metabolism by influencing several intricate pathways. The association between specific bacteria or viruses and the efficacy of cancer treatments and the occurrence of treatment-related toxicity in cancer patients has been reported. However, the understanding of the interaction between the host microbiome and the cancer treatment response is limited, and the microbiome potentially plays a greater role in the treatment of cancer than reported to date. Here, we provide a thorough review of the potential role of the gut and locally resident bacterial microbiota in modulating responses to different cancer therapeutics to demonstrate the association between the gut or locally resident bacterial microbiota and cancer therapy. Probable mechanisms, such as metabolism, the immune response and the translocation of microbiome constituents, are discussed to promote future research into the association between the microbiome and other types of cancer. We conclude that the interaction between the host immune system and the microbiome may be the basis of the role of the microbiome in cancer therapies. Future research on the association between host immunity and the microbiome may improve the efficacy of several cancer treatments and provide insights into the cause of treatment-related side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Kun Yu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rui-Ling Xie
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rui You
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - You-Ping Liu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xu-Yin Chen
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Chen
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Pei-Yu Huang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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28
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Gou X, Zhang L, Zhao S, Ma W, Yang Z. Application of the Combination of Soybean Lecithin and Whey Protein Concentrate 80 to Improve the Bile Salt and Acid Tolerance of Probiotics. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:840-846. [PMID: 33958508 PMCID: PMC9706008 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2103.03017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To improve the bile salt and acid tolerance of probiotics against gastrointestinal stresses, we investigated the effects of soybean lecithin and whey protein concentrate (WPC) 80 on the bile salt tolerance of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L9 using a single-factor methodology, which was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The survival rate of L. paracasei L9 treated with 0.3% (w/v) bile salt for 2.5 h, and combined with soybean lecithin or WPC 80, was lower than 1%. After optimization, the survival rate of L. paracasei L9 incubated in 0.3% bile salt for 2.5 h reached 52.5% at a ratio of 0.74% soybean lecithin and 2.54% WPC 80. Moreover, this optimized method improved the survival rate of L. paracasei L9 in low pH condition and can be applied to other lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains. Conclusively, the combination of soybean lecithin and WPC 80 significantly improved the bile salt and acid tolerance of LAB. Our study provides a novel approach for enhancing the gastrointestinal tolerance of LAB by combining food-derived components that have different properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelei Gou
- Yunnan Huangshi Lesson Dairy Industry Co., Ltd., Dali 671000, P.R. China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Yunnan Huangshi Lesson Dairy Industry Co., Ltd., Dali 671000, P.R. China
| | - Shiwei Zhao
- Yunnan Huangshi Lesson Dairy Industry Co., Ltd., Dali 671000, P.R. China
| | - Wanping Ma
- Yunnan Huangshi Lesson Dairy Industry Co., Ltd., Dali 671000, P.R. China
| | - Zibiao Yang
- Yunnan Huangshi Lesson Dairy Industry Co., Ltd., Dali 671000, P.R. China
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29
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Curciarello R, Canziani KE, Salto I, Barbiera Romero E, Rocca A, Doldan I, Peton E, Brayer S, Sambuelli AM, Goncalves S, Tirado P, Correa GJ, Yantorno M, Garbi L, Docena GH, Serradell MDLÁ, Muglia CI. Probiotic Lactobacilli Isolated from Kefir Promote Down-Regulation of Inflammatory Lamina Propria T Cells from Patients with Active IBD. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658026. [PMID: 33935778 PMCID: PMC8082687 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are immunologically mediated disorders. Several therapies are focused on activated T cells as key targets. Although Lactobacillus kefiri has shown anti-inflammatory effects in animal models, few studies were done using human mucosal T cells. The aim of this work was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of this bacterium on intestinal T cells from patients with active IBD. Mucosal biopsies and surgical samples from IBD adult patients (n = 19) or healthy donors (HC; n = 5) were used. Lamina propria mononuclear cells were isolated by enzymatic tissue digestion, and entero-adhesive Escherichia coli-specific lamina propria T cells (LPTC) were expanded. The immunomodulatory properties of L. kefiri CIDCA 8348 strain were evaluated on biopsies and on anti-CD3/CD28-activated LPTC. Secreted cytokines were quantified by ELISA, and cell proliferation and viability were assessed by flow cytometry. We found that L. kefiri reduced spontaneous release of IL-6 and IL-8 from inflamed biopsies ex vivo. Activated LPTC from IBD patients showed low proliferative rates and reduced secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-13 in the presence of L. kefiri. In addition, L. kefiri induced an increased frequency of CD4+FOXP3+ LPTC along with high levels of IL-10. This is the first report showing an immunomodulatory effect of L. kefiri CIDCA 8348 on human intestinal cells from IBD patients. Understanding the mechanisms of interaction between probiotics and immune mucosal cells may open new avenues for treatment and prevention of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Curciarello
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CONICET-Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Asociado CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Karina E Canziani
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CONICET-Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Asociado CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ileana Salto
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CONICET-Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Asociado CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Emanuel Barbiera Romero
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CONICET-Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Asociado CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés Rocca
- Unidad Endoscopía, Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr. Carlos Bonorino Udaondo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ivan Doldan
- Unidad Endoscopía, Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr. Carlos Bonorino Udaondo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emmanuel Peton
- Unidad de Proctología, Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr. Carlos Bonorino Udaondo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Brayer
- Unidad de Proctología, Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr. Carlos Bonorino Udaondo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia M Sambuelli
- Sección de Enfermedades Inflamatorias Del Intestino, Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr. Carlos Bonorino Udaondo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Goncalves
- Sección de Enfermedades Inflamatorias Del Intestino, Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr. Carlos Bonorino Udaondo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Tirado
- Sección de Enfermedades Inflamatorias Del Intestino, Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr. Carlos Bonorino Udaondo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo J Correa
- Área de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Sala de Endoscopía, Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos General San Martín, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Martín Yantorno
- Área de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Sala de Endoscopía, Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos General San Martín, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Laura Garbi
- Área de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Sala de Endoscopía, Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos General San Martín, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo H Docena
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CONICET-Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Asociado CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María de Los Ángeles Serradell
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cecilia I Muglia
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CONICET-Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Asociado CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
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30
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Modulating the Gut Microbiota of Humans by Dietary Intervention with Plant Glycans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02757-20. [PMID: 33355114 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02757-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human colon contains a community of microbial species, mostly bacteria, which is often referred to as the gut microbiota. The community is considered essential to human well-being by conferring additional energy-harvesting capacity, niche exclusion of pathogens, and molecular signaling activities that are integrated into human physiological processes. Plant polysaccharides (glycans, dietary fiber) are an important source of carbon and energy that supports the maintenance and functioning of the gut microbiota. Therefore, the daily quantity and quality of plant glycans consumed by the human host have the potential to influence health. Members of the gut microbiota differ in ability to utilize different types of plant glycans. Dietary interventions with specific glycans could modulate the microbiota, counteracting ecological perturbations that disrupt the intricate relationships between microbiota and host (dysbiosis). This review considers prospects and research options for modulation of the gut microbiota by the formulation of diets that, when consumed habitually, would correct dysbiosis by building diverse consortia that boost functional resilience. Traditional "prebiotics" favor bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, whereas dietary mixtures of plant glycans that are varied in chemical complexity would promote high-diversity microbiotas. It is concluded that research should aim at improving knowledge of bacterial consortia that, through shared nourishment, degrade and ferment plant glycans. The consortia may vary in composition from person to person, but functional outputs will be consistent in a given context because of metabolic redundancy among bacteria. Thus, the individuality of gut microbiotas could be encompassed, functional resilience encouraged, and correction of dysbiosis achieved.
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31
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Anka Idrissi D, Senhaji N, Aouiss A, Khalki L, Tijani Y, Zaid N, Marhoume FZ, Naya A, Oudghiri M, Kabine M, Zaid Y. IL-1 and CD40/CD40L platelet complex: elements of induction of Crohn's disease and new therapeutic targets. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:117-132. [PMID: 33394309 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are chronic and multifactorial diseases that affect the intestinal tract, both characterized by recurrent inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, resulting in abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting and, rectal bleeding. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) regroup these two disorders. The exact pathological mechanism of IBD remains ambiguous and poorly known. In genetically predisposed patients, defects in intestinal mucosal barrier are due to an uncontrolled inflammatory response to normal flora. In addition to the genetic predisposition, these defects could be triggered by environmental factors or by a specific lifestyle which is widely accepted as etiological hypothesis. The involvement of the CD40/CD40L platelet complex in the development of IBD has been overwhelmingly demonstrated. CD40L is climacteric in cell signalling in innate and adaptive immunity, the CD40L expression on the platelet cell surface gives them an immunological competence. The IL-1, a major inflammation mediator could be involved in different ways in the development of IBD. Here, we provide a comprehensive review regarding the role of platelet CD40/CD40L in the pathophysiological effect of IL-1 in the development of Crohn's disease (CD). This review could potentially help future approaches aiming to target these two pathways for therapeutic purposes and elucidate the immunological mechanisms driving gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Anka Idrissi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nezha Senhaji
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Asmae Aouiss
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Loubna Khalki
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Youssef Tijani
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nabil Zaid
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahra Marhoume
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Neuroscience, Integrative and Computational Neuroscience Team, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Naya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mounia Oudghiri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Kabine
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Younes Zaid
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco. .,Research Center of Abulcasis, University of Health Sciences, Rabat, Morocco.
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Muehler A, Slizgi JR, Kohlhof H, Groeppel M, Peelen E, Vitt D. Clinical relevance of intestinal barrier dysfunction in common gastrointestinal diseases. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2020; 11:114-130. [PMID: 33362939 PMCID: PMC7739114 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v11.i6.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is a complex and well-controlled physiological construct designed to separate luminal contents from the bowel wall. In this review, we focus on the intestinal barrier’s relationship with the host’s immune system interaction and the external environment, specifically the microbiome. The bowel allows the host to obtain nutrients vital to survival while protecting itself from harmful pathogens, luminal antigens, or other pro-inflammatory factors. Control over barrier function and the luminal milieu is maintained at the biochemical, cellular, and immunological level. However, disruption to this highly regulated environment can cause disease. Recent advances to the field have progressed the mechanistic understanding of compromised intestinal barrier function in the context of gastrointestinal pathology. There are numerous examples where bowel barrier dysfunction and the resulting interaction between the microbiome and the immune system has disease-triggering consequences. The purpose of this review is to summarize the clinical relevance of intestinal barrier dysfunction in common gastrointestinal and related diseases. This may help highlight the importance of restoring barrier function as a therapeutic mechanism of action in gastrointestinal pathology.
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Shabat Y, Lichtenstein Y, Ilan Y. Short-Term Cohousing of Sick with Healthy or Treated Mice Alleviates the Inflammatory Response and Liver Damage. Inflammation 2020; 44:518-525. [PMID: 32978699 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cohousing of sick with healthy or treated animals is based on the concept of sharing an intestinal ecosystem and coprophagy, the consumption of feces, which includes sharing of the microbiome and of active drug metabolites secreted in the feces or urine. To develop a model for short-term cohousing, enabling the study of the effect of sharing an ecosystem on inflammatory states. To determine the impact of cohousing of sick and healthy mice on the immune-mediated disorders, mice injected with concanavalin A (ConA) were cohoused with healthy or sick mice or with steroid-treated or untreated mice. To determine the effect of cohousing on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver damage, APAP-injected mice were cohoused with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC)-treated or untreated mice. In the ConA-induced immune-mediated hepatitis model, cohousing of sick with healthy mice was associated with the alleviation of liver damage in sick animals. Similarly, a significant decrease in serum ALT was noted in ConA-injected mice kept in the same cage as ConA-injected mice treated with steroids. A trend for reduction in liver enzymes in APAP-injected mice was observed upon cohousing with NAC-treated animals. Cohousing of sick mice with healthy or treated mice ameliorated the immune-mediated inflammatory state induced by ConA and APAP. These models for liver damage can serve as biological systems for determining the effects of alterations in the ecosystem on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehudit Shabat
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, POB 1200, IL91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoav Lichtenstein
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, POB 1200, IL91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, POB 1200, IL91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Yue B, Yu ZL, Lv C, Geng XL, Wang ZT, Dou W. Regulation of the intestinal microbiota: An emerging therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4378-4393. [PMID: 32874052 PMCID: PMC7438192 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i30.4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of metagenomics, metabolomics, and metatranscriptomics provides novel insights into the intestinal microbiota factors linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Multiple microorganisms play a role in intestinal health; these include bacteria, fungi, and viruses that exist in a dynamic balance to maintain mucosal homeostasis. Perturbations in the intestinal microbiota disrupt mucosal homeostasis and are closely related to IBD in humans and colitis in mice. Therefore, preventing or correcting the imbalance of microbiota may serve as a novel prevention or treatment strategy for IBD. We review the most recent evidence for direct or indirect interventions targeting intestinal microbiota for treatment of IBD in order to overcome the current limitations of IBD therapies and shed light on personalized treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Yue
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhi-Lun Yu
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Long Geng
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Dou
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Akkol EK, Karpuz B, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Khan H. A phytopharmacological overview of medicinal plants used for prophylactic and treatment of colitis. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111628. [PMID: 32738379 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic diseases that develop on the genetic background. They are characterized by an idiopathic, chronic course and periods of activation and remission. However, genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in its pathogenesis. Significant improvements in treatment strategies have been witnessed. Depending on the severity of the disease, mesalamine, immunosuppressants, anti-TNF, anti-integrin, Janus kinase inhibitors, and thiopurines can be used for treatment. However, these treatments have side effects such as headache, dizziness, nausea, loss of appetite, hair loss, gas, vomiting, rash, fever, and decreased white blood cell count. The search for treatment that may be a safer alternative, immunomodulatory, and immunosuppressive therapy has gained importance nowadays. Herbal medicine is preferred to treat a wide range of acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases, including ulcerative colitis. Preclinical and clinical studies show that plants are promising in terms of their use in treating pathological conditions. The effectiveness of plants in treating ulcerative colitis has been determined. However, more studies are needed to explore the long-term effects of these herbal medicines. The present review presents information on medicinal plants and phytochemicals reported for use or potential of application in ulcerative colitis, a type of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Büşra Karpuz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, 8330507, Santiago, Chile; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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Bai T, Zeng H, Long Y, Li X, Sun X, Lan Y, Gao L, Zhang L, Feng Z, Hou X. The efficacy of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablet in the treatment of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome: protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Trials 2020; 21:597. [PMID: 32605578 PMCID: PMC7329396 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits. Leading to significant negative effect on patients’ quality of life and huge financial burden to health system, the management of IBS is a great challenge. Probiotics are considered as an effective therapy; however, in a lack of high-quality evidence of efficacy, no strain- and dose-specific probiotics were recommended in clinical guidelines. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablet in the treatment of IBS-D. Methods/design A multicenter randomized controlled trial will be performed in fourteen hospitals. A total of three hundred patients who fulfill the eligibility criteria will be stratified divided into an experimental group and a control group randomly in a ratio of 1:1. The experimental group is treated with the Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablet while the control group is treated with placebo. All the patients will receive a 4-week treatment and a 2-week follow-up. The primary outcome is the effectiveness in improving abdominal pain and stool consistency; the secondary outcome includes evaluation of overall symptom relief, frequency of defecation, bloating, urgency of defecation, remedial medication, score of IBS-QOL, and changes of microbiota and metabonomics. Physical examination, vital signs, laboratory tests, adverse events, and concomitant medication will be taken into account for intervention safety assessment during the trial. Discussion This multicenter randomized controlled trial may provide high-quality evidence on the efficacy of the Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablet for IBS-D on both physical and mental dimensions in China. To fill the gap of previous probiotic intervention studies, in addition, this study will also present safety assessment which will be a significant emphasis. Trial registration ChiCTR1800017721. Registered on 10 August 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haoyu Zeng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqin Long
- Division of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Xicheng District Xinjiekou No. 31 East Street, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Gao
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Hangzhou Grand Biologic Pharmaceutical. INC, 63 Jiuhuan Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zenghui Feng
- Hangzhou Grand Biologic Pharmaceutical. INC, 63 Jiuhuan Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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McQuade JL, Ologun GO, Arora R, Wargo JA. Gut Microbiome Modulation Via Fecal Microbiota Transplant to Augment Immunotherapy in Patients with Melanoma or Other Cancers. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:74. [PMID: 32577835 PMCID: PMC7685568 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-00913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review emerging evidence regarding the impact of gut microbes on antitumor immunity, and ongoing efforts to translate this in clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Pre-clinical models and human cohort studies support a role for gut microbes in modulating overall immunity and immunotherapy response, and numerous trials are now underway exploring strategies to modulate gut microbes to enhance responses to cancer therapy. This includes the use of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), which is being used to treat patients with Clostridium difficile infection among other non-cancer indications. The use of FMT is now being extended to modulate gut microbes in patients being treated with cancer immunotherapy, with the goal of enhancing responses and/or to ameliorate toxicity. However, significant complexities exist with such an approach and will be discussed herein. Data from ongoing studies of FMT in cancer will provide critical insights for optimization of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L McQuade
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0430, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.
| | - Gabriel O Ologun
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit Number 1484, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Reetakshi Arora
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit Number 1484, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit Number 1484, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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McQuade JL, Daniel CR, Helmink BA, Wargo JA. Modulating the microbiome to improve therapeutic response in cancer. Lancet Oncol 2020; 20:e77-e91. [PMID: 30712808 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although novel therapies, including immunotherapy, have dramatically improved outcomes for many patients with cancer, overall outcomes are heterogeneous and existing biomarkers do not reliably predict response. To date, predictors of response to cancer therapy have largely focused on tumour-intrinsic features; however, there is growing evidence that other host factors (eg, host genomics and the microbiome) can substantially affect therapeutic response. The microbiome, which refers to microbiota within a host and their collective genomes, is becoming increasingly recognised for its influence on host immunity, as well as therapeutic responses to cancer treatment. Importantly, microbiota can be modified via several different strategies, affording new angles in cancer treatment to improve outcomes. In this Review, we examine the evidence on the role of the microbiome in cancer and therapeutic response, factors that influence and shape host microbiota, strategies to modulate the microbiome, and present key unanswered questions to be addressed in ongoing and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L McQuade
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carrie R Daniel
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Beth A Helmink
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Ding X, Li Q, Li P, Zhang T, Cui B, Ji G, Lu X, Zhang F. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Active Ulcerative Colitis. Drug Saf 2020; 42:869-880. [PMID: 30972640 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-019-00809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The therapeutic role of fecal microbiota transplantation in ulcerative colitis varies across different reports. This study aims to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of a strategy called step-up fecal microbiota transplantation for ulcerative colitis. METHODS Two clinical trials (NCT01790061, NCT02560727) for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (Mayo score range 6-12) were performed from November 2012 to July 2017. Both studies were pooled for analysis on the safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with ulcerative colitis over a 1-year follow-up. The step-up fecal microbiota transplantation strategy included step 1: single fecal microbiota transplantation; step 2: two or more fecal microbiota transplantations; and step 3: fecal microbiota transplantations followed by immunosuppressants. Long-term clinical efficacy and adverse events were assessed, and multiple factors related to fecal microbiota transplantation were evaluated. RESULTS Of 134 eligible patients in this real-word study, 81.3% (109/134) were included for analysis. The follow-up ranged from 1 to 5 years. Fecal microbiota transplantation-related adverse events were observed in 17.4% (43/247) of fecal microbiota transplantation procedures including one serious adverse event (myasthenia gravis) and 56 non-serious adverse events. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that both the method of preparation of microbiota from stool using the automatic system and the delivery method of colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing were associated with a lower rate of fecal microbiota transplantation-related adverse events (p = 0.023, p = 0.017, respectively). In total, 74.3% (81/109) and 51.4% (56/109) of patients achieved clinical response at 1 month and 3 months after step-up fecal microbiota transplantation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Fecal microbiota transplantation should be a safe and promising therapy for ulcerative colitis. The improved fecal microbiota preparation and colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing might reduce the rate of adverse events in ulcerative colitis. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01790061, NCT02560727.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ding
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan, Nanjing, 210011, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Pan Li
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan, Nanjing, 210011, China.,Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Bota Cui
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan, Nanjing, 210011, China.,Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Guozhong Ji
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan, Nanjing, 210011, China.,Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Faming Zhang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan, Nanjing, 210011, China. .,Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China.
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Shui L, Yang X, Li J, Yi C, Sun Q, Zhu H. Gut Microbiome as a Potential Factor for Modulating Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2989. [PMID: 32010123 PMCID: PMC6978681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota refers to the diverse community of more than 100 trillion microorganisms residing in our intestines. It is now known that any shift in the composition of gut microbiota from that present during the healthy state in an individual is associated with predisposition to multiple pathological conditions, such as diabetes, autoimmunity, and even cancer. Currently, therapies targeting programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 are the focus of cancer immunotherapy and are widely applied in clinical treatment of various tumors. Owing to relatively low overall response rate, however, it has been an ongoing research endeavor to identify the mechanisms or factors for improving the therapeutic efficacy of these immunotherapies. Other than causing mutations that affect gene expression, some gut bacteria may also activate or repress the host's response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we have described recent advancements made in understanding the regulatory relationship between gut microbiome and cancer immunotherapy. We have also summarized the potential molecular mechanisms behind this interaction, which can serve as a basis for utilizing different kinds of gut bacteria as promising tools for reversing immunotherapy resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cheng Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Sun
- Drug Research Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Substrate Use Prioritization by a Coculture of Five Species of Gut Bacteria Fed Mixtures of Arabinoxylan, Xyloglucan, β-Glucan, and Pectin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01905-19. [PMID: 31676481 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01905-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber provides growth substrates for bacterial species that belong to the colonic microbiota of humans. The microbiota degrades and ferments substrates, producing characteristic short-chain fatty acid profiles. Dietary fiber contains plant cell wall-associated polysaccharides (hemicelluloses and pectins) that are chemically diverse in composition and structure. Thus, depending on plant sources, dietary fiber daily presents the microbiota with mixtures of plant polysaccharides of various types and complexity. We studied the extent and preferential order in which mixtures of plant polysaccharides (arabinoxylan, xyloglucan, β-glucan, and pectin) were utilized by a coculture of five bacterial species (Bacteroides ovatus, Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum, Megasphaera elsdenii, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Veillonella parvula). These species are members of the human gut microbiota and have the biochemical capacity, collectively, to degrade and ferment the polysaccharides and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). B. ovatus utilized glycans in the order β-glucan, pectin, xyloglucan, and arabinoxylan, whereas B. longum subsp. longum utilization was in the order arabinoxylan, arabinan, pectin, and β-glucan. Propionate, as a proportion of total SCFAs, was augmented when polysaccharide mixtures contained galactan, resulting in greater succinate production by B. ovatus and conversion of succinate to propionate by V. parvula Overall, we derived a synthetic ecological community that carries out SCFA production by the common pathways used by bacterial species for this purpose. Systems like this might be used to predict changes to the emergent properties of the gut ecosystem when diet is altered, with the aim of beneficially affecting human physiology.IMPORTANCE This study addresses the question as to how bacterial species, characteristic of the human gut microbiota, collectively utilize mixtures of plant polysaccharides such as are found in dietary fiber. Five bacterial species with the capacity to degrade polymers and/or produce acidic fermentation products detectable in human feces were used in the experiments. The bacteria showed preferential use of certain polysaccharides over others for growth, and this influenced their fermentation output qualitatively. These kinds of studies are essential in developing concepts of how the gut microbial community shares habitat resources, directly and indirectly, when presented with mixtures of polysaccharides that are found in human diets. The concepts are required in planning dietary interventions that might correct imbalances in the functioning of the human microbiota so as to support measures to reduce metabolic conditions such as obesity.
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Abbas M, Matta J, Le T, Bensmail H, Obafemi-Ajayi T, Honavar V, EL-Manzalawy Y. Biomarker discovery in inflammatory bowel diseases using network-based feature selection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225382. [PMID: 31756219 PMCID: PMC6874333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable identification of Inflammatory biomarkers from metagenomics data is a promising direction for developing non-invasive, cost-effective, and rapid clinical tests for early diagnosis of IBD. We present an integrative approach to Network-Based Biomarker Discovery (NBBD) which integrates network analyses methods for prioritizing potential biomarkers and machine learning techniques for assessing the discriminative power of the prioritized biomarkers. Using a large dataset of new-onset pediatric IBD metagenomics biopsy samples, we compare the performance of Random Forest (RF) classifiers trained on features selected using a representative set of traditional feature selection methods against NBBD framework, configured using five different tools for inferring networks from metagenomics data, and nine different methods for prioritizing biomarkers as well as a hybrid approach combining best traditional and NBBD based feature selection. We also examine how the performance of the predictive models for IBD diagnosis varies as a function of the size of the data used for biomarker identification. Our results show that (i) NBBD is competitive with some of the state-of-the-art feature selection methods including Random Forest Feature Importance (RFFI) scores; and (ii) NBBD is especially effective in reliably identifying IBD biomarkers when the number of data samples available for biomarker discovery is small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abbas
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - John Matta
- Department of Computer Science, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States of America
| | - Thanh Le
- Engineering Program, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, United States of America
| | - Halima Bensmail
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi
- Engineering Program, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TO-A); (YE-M)
| | - Vasant Honavar
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Yasser EL-Manzalawy
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TO-A); (YE-M)
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43
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Hadjivasilis A, Tsioutis C, Michalinos A, Ntourakis D, Christodoulou DK, Agouridis AP. New insights into irritable bowel syndrome: from pathophysiology to treatment. Ann Gastroenterol 2019; 32:554-564. [PMID: 31700231 PMCID: PMC6826071 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2019.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common reason to visit a gastroenterologist. IBS was believed to be a functional disease, but many possible pathophysiologic mechanisms can now explain the symptoms. IBS patients are classified into subtypes according to their predominant bowel habit, based on the Rome IV criteria. These include diarrhea-predominant and constipation-predominant IBS, as well as the mixed type, a combination of the two. Usually, IBS treatment is based on the predominant symptoms, with many options for each subtype. A new promising treatment option, fecal microbiota transplantation, seems to have beneficial effects on IBS. However, treating the pathophysiological causative agent responsible for the symptoms is an emerging approach. Therefore, before the appropriate therapeutic option is chosen for treating IBS, a clinical evaluation of its pathophysiology should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Hadjivasilis
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus (Alexandros Hadjivasilis, Constantinos Tsioutis, Adamantios Michalinos, Dimitrios Ntourakis, Aris P. Agouridis)
| | - Constantinos Tsioutis
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus (Alexandros Hadjivasilis, Constantinos Tsioutis, Adamantios Michalinos, Dimitrios Ntourakis, Aris P. Agouridis)
| | - Adamantios Michalinos
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus (Alexandros Hadjivasilis, Constantinos Tsioutis, Adamantios Michalinos, Dimitrios Ntourakis, Aris P. Agouridis)
| | - Dimitrios Ntourakis
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus (Alexandros Hadjivasilis, Constantinos Tsioutis, Adamantios Michalinos, Dimitrios Ntourakis, Aris P. Agouridis)
| | - Dimitrios K Christodoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Ioannina, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Greece (Dimitrios K. Christodoulou)
| | - Aris P Agouridis
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus (Alexandros Hadjivasilis, Constantinos Tsioutis, Adamantios Michalinos, Dimitrios Ntourakis, Aris P. Agouridis)
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Leshem A, Horesh N, Elinav E. Fecal Microbial Transplantation and Its Potential Application in Cardiometabolic Syndrome. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1341. [PMID: 31258528 PMCID: PMC6587678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly revealed links between inflammation, obesity, and cardiometabolic syndrome have created opportunities to try previously unexplored therapeutic modalities in these common and life-risking disorders. One potential modulator of these complex disorders is the gut microbiome, which was described in recent years to be altered in patients suffering from features of cardiometabolic syndrome and to transmit cardiometabolic phenotypes upon transfer into germ-free mice. As a result, there is great interest in developing new modalities targeting the altered commensal bacteria as a means of treatment for cardiometabolic syndrome. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is one such modality in which a disease-associated microbiome is replaced by a healthy microbiome configuration. So far clinical use of FMT has been overwhelmingly successful in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and is being extensively studied in other microbiome-associated pathologies such as cardiometabolic syndrome. This review will focus on the rationale, promises and challenges in FMT utilization in human disease. In particular, it will overview the role of the gut microbiota in cardiometabolic syndrome and the rationale, experience, and prospects of utilizing FMT treatment as a potential preventive and curative treatment of metabolic human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Leshem
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Horesh
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of General Surgery B and Organ Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Cancer-Microbiome Division, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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45
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Rao MC. Physiology of Electrolyte Transport in the Gut: Implications for Disease. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:947-1023. [PMID: 31187895 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We now have an increased understanding of the genetics, cell biology, and physiology of electrolyte transport processes in the mammalian intestine, due to the availability of sophisticated methodologies ranging from genome wide association studies to CRISPR-CAS technology, stem cell-derived organoids, 3D microscopy, electron cryomicroscopy, single cell RNA sequencing, transgenic methodologies, and tools to manipulate cellular processes at a molecular level. This knowledge has simultaneously underscored the complexity of biological systems and the interdependence of multiple regulatory systems. In addition to the plethora of mammalian neurohumoral factors and their cross talk, advances in pyrosequencing and metagenomic analyses have highlighted the relevance of the microbiome to intestinal regulation. This article provides an overview of our current understanding of electrolyte transport processes in the small and large intestine, their regulation in health and how dysregulation at multiple levels can result in disease. Intestinal electrolyte transport is a balance of ion secretory and ion absorptive processes, all exquisitely dependent on the basolateral Na+ /K+ ATPase; when this balance goes awry, it can result in diarrhea or in constipation. The key transporters involved in secretion are the apical membrane Cl- channels and the basolateral Na+ -K+ -2Cl- cotransporter, NKCC1 and K+ channels. Absorption chiefly involves apical membrane Na+ /H+ exchangers and Cl- /HCO3 - exchangers in the small intestine and proximal colon and Na+ channels in the distal colon. Key examples of our current understanding of infectious, inflammatory, and genetic diarrheal diseases and of constipation are provided. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:947-1023, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini C Rao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Wang XS, Yue J, Hu LN, Tian Z, Yang LK, Lu L, Zhao MG, Liu SB. Effects of CPEB1 in the anterior cingulate cortex on visceral pain in mice. Brain Res 2019; 1712:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Denton CP, Murray C. Cause or effect? Interpreting emerging evidence for dysbiosis in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:81. [PMID: 30917857 PMCID: PMC6437947 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an immune-mediated fibrotic disease affecting skin, lung and gut which are all sites with an established microbiome. Altered microbial flora may occur and contribute to the initiation, progression or severity of disease. However, dysbiosis could also be secondary to the disease or immunosuppressive therapy. Here we consider how lessons could be learned from gastroenterology, a speciality where dysbiosis is strongly implicated in disease mechanism and treatment. This could be highly relevant to molecular pathology of skin in SSc and could drive the inflammatory gene signature observed in some skin biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Denton
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Division of Medicine, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Charles Murray
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK
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Quigley EMM. Prebiotics and Probiotics in Digestive Health. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:333-344. [PMID: 30267869 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As the importance of the gut microbiota in health and disease is increasingly recognized interest in interventions that can modulate the microbiota and its interactions with its host has soared. Apart from diet, prebiotics and probiotics represent the most commonly used substances taken in an effort to sustain a healthy microbiome or restore balance when it is believed bacterial homeostasis has been disturbed in disease. While a considerable volume of basic science attests to the ability of various prebiotic molecules and probiotic strains to beneficially influence host immune responses, metabolic processes and neuro-endocrine pathways, the evidence base from human studies leaves much to be desired. This translational gap owes much to the manner in which this sector is regulated but also speaks to the challenges that confront the investigator who seeks to explore microbiota modulation in either healthy populations or those who suffer from common digestive ailments. For many products marketed as probiotics, some of the most fundamental issues relating to quality control, such as characterization, formulation, viability safety are scarcely addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn M M Quigley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K. and David M. Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas.
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49
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Dong Y, Baumeister D, Berens S, Eich W, Tesarz J. High Rates of Non-Response Across Treatment Attempts in Chronic Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Results From a Follow-Up Study in Tertiary Care. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:714. [PMID: 31681031 PMCID: PMC6797829 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Despite a wealth of treatment options for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), data on the subjective experience of treatments in ongoing clinical practice are sparse. This follow-up study assessed the individual usage of treatment modalities by IBS patients over time and investigated the patients' subjective experience of therapeutic impact. Methods: The study was conducted at the Specialty Clinic for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders of the Heidelberg University Hospital. All patients who fulfilled the Rome III criteria for IBS and treated in our outpatient clinic between January 2012 and December 2016 were invited to the assessment. The primary outcome variables were individual usage of treatment modalities and the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) with treatments. Results: Three hundred and sixty-six patients fulfilled the Rome III criteria for IBS and thus were eligible for this study. Two hundred and seven patients dropped out from the study. The study could include 159 patients (43.7 ± 17.1 years; 71.1% female). The mean time since the first visit to the clinic was 2.8 ± 1.3 years (median 3.0 years). The mean time of symptom duration was 14.1 ± 11.1 years (median 10 years). The average number of treatment attempts was 12, ranging from 2 to 39). With respect to the subjective experience of therapeutic impact, there were no significant differences in the PGIC scores among different treatments (p = 0.183). The rates of non-response rates (minimally improved, no change, or minimally worse) ranged from 63.0% to 83.9%. The PGIC score was correlated negatively with the mean number of treatment attempts (r = -0.316, p < 0.01). The mean number of treatment attempts was correlated negatively with quality of life (r = -0.262, p < 0.01). Conclusion: A multidisciplinary treatment approach of IBS is characterized by high rates of non-response and a high number of frustrating treatment attempts. The connection between the various treatment attempts and the frustrating subjective experience of therapeutic impact puts a substantial burden on IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Dong
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Baumeister
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Berens
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eich
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Tesarz
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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50
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Geng S, Cheng S, Li Y, Wen Z, Ma X, Jiang X, Wang Y, Han X. Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Reduces Susceptibility to Epithelial Injury and Modulates Tryptophan Metabolism of the Microbial Community in a Piglet Model. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:1359-1374. [PMID: 30010734 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Faecal microbiota transplantation [FMT] has shown promise as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Using a piglet model, our previous study indicated that exogenous faecal microbiota can increase the expressions of tight junction proteins, mucin and antimicrobial peptide in the intestinal mucosa, suggesting a beneficial effect of FMT on gut barrier and gastrointestinal health. However, specific connections between FMT-induced microbial changes and modulation of the intestinal barrier remain to be fully illustrated. Here, we aimed to determine the potential role of metabolic function of gut microbiota in the beneficial effects of FMT. METHODS The influence of FMT on the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis was assessed by early-life gut microbiota intervention on newborn piglets and subsequent lipopolysaccharide [LPS] challenge. Analysis of the gut microbiome and metabolome was carried out by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multiple mass spectrometry platforms. RESULTS FMT modulated the diversity and composition of colonic microbiota and reduced the susceptibility to LPS-induced destruction of epithelial integrity and severe inflammatory response. Metabolomic analysis revealed functional changes of the gut metabolome along with a significant increase of the typical microbiota-derived tryptophan catabolite indole-3-acetic acid in the colonic lumen. In concordance with the metabolome data, metagenomics prediction analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing also demonstrated that FMT modulated the metabolic functions of gut microbiota associated with indole alkaloid biosynthesis, cytochrome P450 and intestinal homeostasis, which coincided with up-regulation of cytokine interleukin-22 and enhanced activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the recipient colon. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal a regulatory effect of FMT on tryptophan metabolism of gut microbiota in the recipient colon, which may play a potential role in maintenance of the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Geng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Saisai Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengshun Wen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyan Han
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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