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Bajaj G, Singh V, Sagar P, Gupta R, Singhal NK. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 targeted siRNA promotes wound healing in type 2 diabetic mice by restoring glucose homeostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132504. [PMID: 38772464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
It is well-accepted that the liver plays a vital role in the metabolism of glucose and its homeostasis. Dysregulated hepatic glucose production and utilization, leads to type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In the current study, RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis of nanoformulation-treated T2DM mice (TGthr group) revealed beneficial crosstalk of PCK-1 silencing with other pathways involved in T2DM. The comparison of precise genetic expression profiles of the different experimental groups showed significantly improved hepatic glucose, fatty acid metabolism and several other T2DM-associated crucial markers after the nanoformulation treatment. As a result of these improvements, we observed a significant acceleration in wound healing and improved insulin signaling in vascular endothelial cells in the TGthr group as compared to the T2DM group. Enhanced phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt pathway proteins in the TGthr group resulted in increased angiogenesis as observed by the increased expression of endothelial cell markers (CD31, CD34) thereby improving endothelial dysfunctions in the TGthr group. Additionally, therapeutic nanoformulation has been observed to improve the inflammatory cytokine profile in the TGthr group. Overall, our results demonstrated that the synthesized therapeutic nanoformulation referred to as GPR8:PCK-1siRNA holds the potential in ameliorating hyperglycemia-associated complications such as delayed wound healing in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Bajaj
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Vishal Singh
- National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-Communicable Diseases, Jodhpur 342005, India
| | - Poonam Sagar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Ritika Gupta
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Singhal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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Gong P, Long H, Guo Y, Wang Z, Yao W, Wang J, Yang W, Li N, Xie J, Chen F. Chinese herbal medicines: The modulator of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease targeting oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116927. [PMID: 37532073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants are a natural treasure trove; their secondary metabolites participate in several pharmacological processes, making them a crucial component in the synthesis of novel pharmaceuticals and serving as a reserve resource foundation in this process. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the risk of progression to hepatitis and liver cancer. The "Treatise on Febrile Diseases," "Compendium of Materia Medica," and "Thousand Golden Prescriptions" have listed herbal remedies to treat liver diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW Chinese herbal medicines have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD owing to their efficacy and low side effects. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during NAFLD, and the impact and potential mechanism of ROS on the pathogenesis of NAFLD are discussed in this review. Furthermore, common foods and herbs that can be used to prevent NAFLD, as well as the structure-activity relationships and potential mechanisms, are discussed. METHODS Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI database, Google Scholar, and WanFang database were searched for natural products that have been used to treat or prevent NAFLD in the past five years. The primary search was performed using the following keywords in different combinations in full articles: NAFLD, herb, natural products, medicine, and ROS. More than 400 research papers and review articles were found and analyzed in this review. RESULTS By classifying and discussing the literature, we obtained 86 herbaceous plants, 28 of which were derived from food and 58 from Chinese herbal medicines. The mechanism of NAFLD was proposed through experimental studies on thirteen natural compounds (quercetin, hesperidin, rutin, curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, salvianolic acid B, paeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rg1, ursolic acid, berberine, honokiol, emodin). The occurrence and progression of NAFLD could be prevented by natural antioxidants through several pathways to prevent ROS accumulation and reduce hepatic cell injuries caused by excessive ROS. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the natural products and routinely used herbs (prescription) in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Firstly, the mechanisms by which natural products improve NAFLD through antioxidant pathways are elucidated. Secondly, the potential of traditional Chinese medicine theory in improving NAFLD is discussed, highlighting the safety of food-medicine homology and the broader clinical potential of multi-component formulations in improving NAFLD. Aiming to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hui Long
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhineng Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jianwu Xie
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Zhou M, Li J, Xu J, Zheng L, Xu S. Exploring human CYP4 enzymes: physiological roles, function in diseases and focus on inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103560. [PMID: 36958639 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP)4 family of enzymes are monooxygenases responsible for the ω-oxidation of endogenous fatty acids and eicosanoids and play a crucial part in regulating numerous eicosanoid signaling pathways. Recently, CYP4 gained attention as a potential therapeutic target for several human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and inflammation. Small-molecule inhibitors of CYP4 could provide promising treatments for these diseases. The aim of the present review is to highlight the advances in the field of CYP4, discussing the physiology and pathology of the CYP4 family and compiling CYP4 inhibitors into groups based on their chemical classes to provide clues for the future discovery of drug candidates targeting CYP4. Teaser: This review provides an updated view of the physiology and pathology of CYP4 enzymes. CYP4 inhibitors are compiled based on their skeletons to provide clues for the future discovery of drug candidates targeting CYP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzhen Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Junda Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, 215300, China.
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Natural Product Skatole Ameliorates Lipotoxicity-Induced Multiple Hepatic Damage under Hyperlipidemic Conditions in Hepatocytes. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061490. [PMID: 36986221 PMCID: PMC10052055 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Skatole (3-methylindole, 3MI) is a natural-origin compound derived from plants, insects, and microbial metabolites in human intestines. Skatole has an anti-lipid peroxidation effect and is a biomarker for several diseases. However, its effect on hepatocyte lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity has not been elucidated. Hepatic lipotoxicity is induced by excess saturated free fatty acids in hyperlipidemia, which directly damages the hepatocytes. Lipotoxicity is involved in several metabolic diseases and hepatocytes, particularly affecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression. NAFLD is caused by the accumulation of fat by excessive free fatty acids (FFAs) in the blood and is accompanied by hepatic damage, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, abnormal glucose and insulin metabolism, oxidative stress, and lipoapoptosis with lipid accumulation. Hepatic lipotoxicity causes multiple hepatic damages in NAFLD and has a directly effect on the progression from NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study confirmed that the natural compound skatole improves various damages to hepatocytes caused by lipotoxicity in hyperlipidemic conditions. To induce lipotoxicity, we exposed HepG2, SNU-449, and Huh7 cells to palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid, and confirmed the protective effect of skatole. Skatole inhibited fat accumulation in the hepatocytes, reduced ER and oxidative stress, and recovered insulin resistance and glucose uptake. Importantly, skatole reduced lipoapoptosis by regulating caspase activity. In conclusion, skatole ameliorated multiple types of hepatocyte damage induced by lipotoxicity in the presence of excess free fatty acids.
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Dong H, Zhong W, Zhang W, Hao L, Guo W, Yue R, Sun X, Sun Z, Bataller R, Zhou Z. Loss of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 promotes hepatocyte death in alcohol-induced steatohepatitis. Metabolism 2023; 138:155334. [PMID: 36349655 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption has been shown to disrupt hepatic lipid homeostasis. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) critically regulates hepatic fatty acid metabolism and lipid homeostasis by channeling fatty acids to lipid metabolic pathways. However, it remains unclear how ACSL1 contributes to the development of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). METHODS We performed chronic alcohol feeding animal studies with hepatocyte-specific ACSL1 knockout (ACSL1Δhep) mice, hepatocyte-specific STAT5 knockout (STAT5Δhep) mice, and ACSL1Δhep based-STAT5B overexpression (Stat5b-OE) mice. Cell studies were conducted to define the causal role of ACSL1 deficiency in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury. The clinical relevance of the STAT5-ACSL1 pathway was examined using liver tissues from patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and normal subjects (Normal). RESULTS We found that chronic alcohol consumption reduced hepatic ACSL1 expression in AH patients and ALD mice. Hepatocyte-specific ACSL1 deletion exacerbated alcohol-induced liver injury by increasing free fatty acids (FFA) accumulation and cell death. Cell studies revealed that FFA elicited the translocation of BAX and p-MLKL to the lysosomal membrane, resulting in lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and thereby initiating lysosomal-mediated cell death pathway. Furthermore, we identified that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is a novel transcriptional regulator of ACSL1. Deletion of STAT5 exacerbated alcohol-induced liver injury in association with downregulation of ACSL1, and reactivation of ACSL1 by STAT5 overexpression effectively ameliorated alcohol-induced liver injury. In addition, ACSL1 expression was positively correlated with STAT5 and negatively correlated with cell death was also validated in the liver of AH patients. CONCLUSIONS ACSL1 deficiency due to STAT5 inactivation critically mediates alcohol-induced lipotoxicity and cell death in the development of ALD. These findings provide insights into alcohol-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Dong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA; Department of Nutrition, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Liuyi Hao
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Ruichao Yue
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Xinguo Sun
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA; Department of Nutrition, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
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Dong L, Wang H, Chen K, Li Y. Roles of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids in diabetes (HETEs and diabetes). Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Rzeszotek S, Kolasa A, Pilutin A, Misiakiewicz-Has K, Sielatycka K, Wiszniewska B. The Interplay between Finasteride-Induced Androgen Imbalance, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Liver Disorders in Paternal and Filial Generation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2725. [PMID: 36359245 PMCID: PMC9687381 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Finasteride (Fin) causes androgen imbalance by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone (T) to its more active metabolite, dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Androgen receptors (AR) are present (e.g., in hepatocytes), which have well-developed endoplasmic reticulum (ERet). Cellular protein quality control is carried out by ERet in two paths: (i) unfolded protein response (UPR) and/or (ii) endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD). ERet under continuous stress can generate changes in the UPR and can direct the cell on the pathway of life or death. It has been demonstrated that genes involved in ERet stress are among the genes controlled by androgens in some tissues. Oxidative stress is also one of the factors affecting the functions of ERet and androgens are one of the regulators of antioxidant enzyme activity. In this paper, we discuss/analyze a possible relationship between androgen imbalance in paternal generation with ERet stress and liver disorders in both paternal and filial generation. In our rat model, hyperglycemia and subsequent higher accumulation of hepatic glycogen were observed in all filial generation obtained from females fertilized by Fin-treated males (F1:Fin). Importantly, genes encoding enzymes involved in glucose and glycogen metabolism have been previously recognized among UPR targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Rzeszotek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kolasa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Pilutin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamila Misiakiewicz-Has
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sielatycka
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Wiszniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Isse FA, El-Sherbeni AA, El-Kadi AOS. The multifaceted role of cytochrome P450-Derived arachidonic acid metabolites in diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:141-160. [PMID: 35306928 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding lipid metabolism is a critical key to understanding the pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). It is known that 60-90% of DM patients are obese or used to be obese. The incidence of obesity is rising owing to the modern sedentary lifestyle that leads to insulin resistance and increased levels of free fatty acids, predisposing tissues to utilize more lipids with less glucose uptake. However, the exact mechanism is not yet fully elucidated. Diabetic cardiomyopathy seems to be associated with these alterations in lipid metabolism. Arachidonic acid (AA) is an important fatty acid that is metabolized to several bioactive compounds by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and the more recently discovered, cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. P450 metabolizes AA to either epoxy-AA (EETs) or hydroxy-AA (HETEs). Studies showed that EETs could have cardioprotective effects and beneficial effects in reversing abnormalities in glucose and insulin homeostasis. Conversely, HETEs, most importantly 12-HETE and 20-HETE, were found to interfere with normal glucose and insulin homeostasis and thus, might be involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we highlight the role of P450-derived AA metabolites in the context of DM and diabetic cardiomyopathy and their potential use as a target for developing new treatments for DM and diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadumo Ahmed Isse
- Departmet of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ahmed A El-Sherbeni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Departmet of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Hafner H, Mulcahy MC, Carlson Z, Hartley P, Sun H, Westerhoff M, Qi N, Bridges D, Gregg B. Lactational High Fat Diet in Mice Causes Insulin Resistance and NAFLD in Male Offspring Which Is Partially Rescued by Maternal Metformin Treatment. Front Nutr 2021; 8:759690. [PMID: 34977118 PMCID: PMC8714922 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.759690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal metabolic disease and diet during pregnancy and lactation have important implications for the programming of offspring metabolic disease. In addition, high-fat diets during pregnancy and lactation can predispose the offspring to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a rising health threat in the U.S. We developed a model of maternal high-fat feeding exclusively during the lactation period. We previously showed that offspring from dams, given lactational high-fat diet (HFD), are predisposed to obesity, glucose intolerance, and inflammation. In separate experiments, we also showed that lactational metformin treatment can decrease offspring metabolic risk. The purpose of these studies was to understand the programming implications of lactational HFD on offspring metabolic liver disease risk. Dams were fed a 60% lard-based HFD from the day of delivery through the 21-day lactation period. A subset of dams was also given metformin as a co-treatment. Starting at weaning, the offspring were fed normal fat diet until 3 months of age; at which point, a subset was challenged with an additional HFD stressor. Lactational HFD led male offspring to develop hepatic insulin resistance. The post-weaning HFD challenge led male offspring to progress to NAFLD with more severe outcomes in the lactational HFD-challenged offspring. Co-administration of metformin to lactating dams on HFD partially rescued the offspring liver metabolic defects in males. Lactational HFD or post-weaning HFD had no impact on female offspring who maintained a normal insulin sensitivity and liver phenotype. These findings indicate that HFD, during the lactation period, programs the adult offspring to NAFLD risk in a sexually dimorphic manner. In addition, early life intervention with metformin via maternal exposure may prevent some of the liver programming caused by maternal HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Hafner
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Molly C. Mulcahy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Zach Carlson
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Phillip Hartley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Haijing Sun
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria Westerhoff
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nathan Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Dave Bridges
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brigid Gregg
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Smolka C, Schlösser D, Hohnloser C, Bemtgen X, Jänich C, Schneider L, Martin J, Pfeifer D, Moser M, Hasselblatt P, Bode C, Grundmann S, Pankratz F. MiR-100 overexpression attenuates high fat diet induced weight gain, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and development of metabolic syndrome in mice. Mol Med 2021; 27:101. [PMID: 34488621 PMCID: PMC8422764 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet-induced obesity can result in the development of a diverse spectrum of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic liver steatosis and atherosclerotic disease. MicroRNAs have been described to be important regulators of metabolism and disease development. METHODS In the current study, we investigated the effects of ubiquitous miR-100 overexpression on weight gain and the metabolic phenotype in a newly generated transgenic mouse strain under normal chow and high fat diet and used microarray expression analysis to identify new potential target genes of miR-100. RESULTS While transgenic overexpression of miR-100 did not significantly affect weight and metabolism under a normal diet, miR-100 overexpressing mice showed a reduced weight gain under a high fat diet compared to wildtype mice, despite an equal calorie intake. This was accompanied by less visceral and subcutaneous fat development and lover serum LDL cholesterol. In addition, transgenic miR-100 mice were more glucose tolerant and insulin sensitive and demonstrated increased energy expenditure under high fat diet feeding. A comprehensive gene expression profiling revealed the differential expression of several genes involved in lipid storage- and metabolism, among them CD36 and Cyp4A14. Our data showed a direct regulation of CD36 by miR-100, leading to a reduced fatty acid uptake in primary hepatocytes overexpressing miR-100 and the downregulation of several downstream mediators of lipid metabolism such as ACC1, FABP4, FAS and PPARγ in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a protective role of miR-100 in high fat diet induced metabolic syndrome and liver steatosis, partially mediated by the direct repression of CD36 and attenuation of hepatic lipid storage, implicating miR-100 as a possible therapeutic target in liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Smolka
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Delia Schlösser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Catherine Hohnloser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xavier Bemtgen
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Caterina Jänich
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Schneider
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julien Martin
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Moser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hasselblatt
- Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Grundmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Pankratz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Yang Z, Smalling RV, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Kusumanchi P, Bogaert W, Wang L, Delker DA, Skill NJ, Han S, Zhang T, Ma J, Huda N, Liangpunsakul S. The role of SHP/REV-ERBα/CYP4A axis in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e140687. [PMID: 34423788 PMCID: PMC8410014 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) represents a spectrum of histopathological changes, including alcoholic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. One of the early responses to excessive alcohol consumption is lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes. Lipid ω-hydroxylation of medium- and long-chain fatty acid metabolized by the cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A) family is an alternative pathway for fatty acid metabolism. The molecular mechanisms of CYP4A in ALD pathogenesis have not been elucidated. In this study, WT and Shp−/− mice were fed with a modified ethanol-binge, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism model (10 days of ethanol feeding plus single binge). Liver tissues were collected every 6 hours for 24 hours and analyzed using RNA-Seq. The effects of REV-ERBα agonist (SR9009, 100 mg/kg/d) or CYP4A antagonist (HET0016, 5 mg/kg/d) in ethanol-fed mice were also evaluated. We found that hepatic Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14 expression were significantly upregulated in WT mice, but not in Shp−/− mice, fed with ethanol. ChIP quantitative PCR and promoter assay revealed that REV-ERBα is the transcriptional repressor of Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14. Rev-Erbα−/− hepatocytes had a marked induction of both Cyp4a genes and lipid accumulation. REV-ERBα agonist SR9009 or CYP4A antagonist HET0016 attenuated Cyp4a induction by ethanol and prevented alcohol-induced steatosis. Here, we have identified a role for the SHP/REV-ERBα/CYP4A axis in the pathogenesis of ALD. Our data also suggest REV-ERBα or CYP4A as the potential therapeutic targets for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rana V Smalling
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yanchao Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Praveen Kusumanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Will Bogaert
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Don A Delker
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nicholas J Skill
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sen Han
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nazmul Huda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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12
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Wu J, Lai G, Chen F, Zhang B, Zhao Y. Renal NKCC2 Is Dual Regulated by the Synergy of 20-HETE and High-Fat Diet in CYP4F2 Transgenic Mice. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:601-612. [PMID: 34320496 DOI: 10.1159/000517382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is the metabolite of cytochrome P450, which modulates blood pressure by inhibiting renal sodium transport. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of 20-HETE in the development of obesity-related hypertension remain unclear, necessitating this study. METHODS Cytochrome P450 4F2 (CYP4F2) transgenic mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) were used as research animal models. The expression of renal ion transport molecules targeted by 20-HETE was evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blot (WB). The regulatory effect of 20-HETE and HFD on renal Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter, isoform 2 (NKCC2) was explored by immunoprecipitation, WB, and luciferase assay. RESULTS A 2-week HFD feeding dramatically decreased protein abundance but increased renal NKCC2 mRNA expression in CYP4F2 transgenic mice. The decrease in NKCC2 protein was demonstrated to be due to ubiquitination induced by the synergy between 20-HETE and HFD. The increased PPAR-γ protein in CYP4F2 transgenic mice fed HFD and the activation of rosiglitazone on the luciferase reporter construct of the NKCC2 promoter demonstrated that the increase in NKCC2 mRNA in CYP4F2 transgenic mice fed HFD was a consequence of elevated PPAR-γ protein induced by the synergy between 20-HETE and HFD. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that the synergy between 20-HETE and HFD could decrease NKCC2 protein via posttranslational ubiquitination, which was thought to be the main mechanism underlying the short-term effect in response to HFD and might be responsible for the adaptive modulation of renal NKCC2 to resist sodium retention. Moreover, the increased NKCC2 mRNA expression via PPAR-γ-induced transcriptional regulation was thought to be the main mechanism underlying the long-term effect in response to HFD and plays a pivotal role in the development of obesity-related hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
| | - Guangrui Lai
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangjie Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bijun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Obesity and Insulin Resistance: A Review of Molecular Interactions. Curr Mol Med 2021; 21:182-193. [PMID: 32787760 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200812221527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus is rising globally in epidemic proportions. Diabetes and its complications contribute to significant morbidity and mortality. An increase in sedentary lifestyle and consumption of a more energydense diet increased the incidence of obesity which is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Obesity acts as a potent upstream event that promotes molecular mechanisms involved in insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. However, the exact molecular mechanisms between obesity and diabetes are not clearly understood. In the current study, we have reviewed the molecular interactions between obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mina Maleki
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
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14
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Popescu RG, Bulgaru C, Untea A, Vlassa M, Filip M, Hermenean A, Marin D, Țăranu I, Georgescu SE, Dinischiotu A. The Effectiveness of Dietary Byproduct Antioxidants on Induced CYP Genes Expression and Histological Alteration in Piglets Liver and Kidney Fed with Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:148. [PMID: 33671978 PMCID: PMC7919288 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of a byproduct mixture derived from grapeseed and sea buckthorn oil industry to mitigate the harmful damage produced by ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1 at hepatic and renal level in piglets after weaning. Forty cross-bred TOPIGS-40 hybrid piglets after weaning were assigned to three experimental groups (E1, E2, E3) and one control group (C), and fed with experimental diets for 30 days. The basal diet was served as a control and contained normal compound feed for starter piglets without mycotoxins. The experimental groups were fed as follows: E1-basal diet plus a mixture (1:1) of two byproducts (grapeseed and sea buckthorn meal); E2-the basal diet experimentally contaminated with mycotoxins (479 ppb OTA and 62ppb AFB1); and E3-basal diet containing 5% of the mixture (1:1) of grapeseed and sea buckthorn meal and contaminated with the mix of OTA and AFB1. After 4 weeks, the animals were slaughtered, and tissue samples were taken from liver and kidney in order to perform gene expression and histological analysis. The gene expression analysis showed that when weaned piglets were fed with contaminated diet, the expression of most analyzed genes was downregulated. Among the CYP450 family, CYP1A2 was the gene with the highest downregulation. According to these results, in liver, we found that mycotoxins induced histomorphological alterations in liver and kidney and had an effect on the expression level of CYP1A2, CYP2A19, CYP2E1, and CYP3A29, but we did not detect important changes in the expression level of CY4A24, MRP2 and GSTA1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roua Gabriela Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei No. 91–95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Cristina Bulgaru
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (C.B.); (A.U.); (D.M.)
| | - Arabela Untea
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (C.B.); (A.U.); (D.M.)
| | - Mihaela Vlassa
- Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babeş Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Miuta Filip
- Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babeş Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Anca Hermenean
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Godis Western University of Arad, Rebreanu 86, 310414 Arad, Romania;
| | - Daniela Marin
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (C.B.); (A.U.); (D.M.)
| | - Ionelia Țăranu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (C.B.); (A.U.); (D.M.)
| | - Sergiu Emil Georgescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei No. 91–95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei No. 91–95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
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15
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Triclosan leads to dysregulation of the metabolic regulator FGF21 exacerbating high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:31259-31266. [PMID: 33229553 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017129117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), employed as an antiseptic and disinfectant, comes into direct contact with humans through a plethora of consumer products and its rising environmental release. We have demonstrated that TCS promotes liver tumorigenesis in mice, yet the biological and molecular mechanisms by which TCS exerts its toxicity, especially in early stages of liver disease, are largely unexplored. When mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), we found that fatty liver and dyslipidemia are prominent early signs of liver abnormality induced by TCS. The presumably protective HFD-induced hepatic expression of the metabolic regulator fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was blunted by TCS. TCS-altered Fgf21 expression aligned with aberrant expression of genes encoding metabolic enzymes manifested as profound systemic metabolic changes that disturb homeostasis of amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose. Using a type 1 diabetic animal model, TCS potentiates and accelerates the development of steatohepatitis and fibrosis, accompanied by increased levels of hepatic lipid droplets and oxidative stress. Analysis of fecal samples revealed that HFD-fed mice exhibited a reduction in fecal species richness, and that TCS further diminished microbial diversity and shifted the bacterial community toward lower Bacteriodetes and higher Firmicutes, resembling changes in microbiota composition in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients. Using reverse-genetic approaches, we demonstrate that, along with HFD, TCS induces hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis jointly regulated by the transcription factor ATF4 and the nuclear receptor PPARα, which participate in the transcriptional regulation of the Fgf21 gene. This study provides evidence linking nutritional imbalance and exposure to TCS with the progression of NASH.
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16
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Tête A, Gallais I, Imran M, Legoff L, Martin-Chouly C, Sparfel L, Bescher M, Sergent O, Podechard N, Lagadic-Gossmann D. MEHP/ethanol co-exposure favors the death of steatotic hepatocytes, possibly through CYP4A and ADH involvement. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111798. [PMID: 33022287 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver steatosis has been associated with various etiological factors (obesity, alcohol, environmental contaminants). How those factors work together to induce steatosis progression is still scarcely evaluated. Here, we tested whether phthalates could potentiate death of steatotic hepatocytes when combined with ethanol. Pre-steatotic WIF-B9 hepatocytes were co-exposed to mono (2-ethylhexyl) (MEHP, 500 nM; main metabolite of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate or DEHP) and ethanol (5 mM) for 5 days. An increased apoptotic death was detected, involving a DNA damage response. Using 4-Methypyrazole to inhibit ethanol metabolism, and CH-223191 to antagonize the AhR receptor, we found that an AhR-dependent increase in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was essential for cell death upon MEHP/ethanol co-exposure. Toxicity was also prevented by HET0016 to inhibit the cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A). Using the antioxidant thiourea, a role for oxidative stress was uncovered, notably triggering DNA damage. Finally, co-exposing the in vivo steatosis model of high fat diet (HFD)-zebrafish larvae to DEHP (2.56 nM)/ethanol (43 mM), induced the pathological progression of liver steatosis alongside an increased Cyp4t8 (human CYP4A homolog) mRNA expression. Altogether, these results further emphasized the deleterious impact of co-exposures to ethanol/environmental pollutant towards steatosis pathological progression, and unraveled a key role for ADH and CYP4A in such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Tête
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Gallais
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Louis Legoff
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Corinne Martin-Chouly
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Lydie Sparfel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Maëlle Bescher
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Odile Sergent
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
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17
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Lu J, Shen H, Li Q, Xiong FR, Yuan MX, Yang JK. Effect of KCNH6 on Hepatic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Glucose Metabolism. Horm Metab Res 2020; 52:669-675. [PMID: 32750722 DOI: 10.1055/a-1177-6814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adult patients with a dysfunctional ether-a-go-go 2 (hERG2) protein, which is encoded by the KCNH6 gene, present with hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. However, the mechanism of KCNH6 in glucose metabolism disorders has not been clearly defined. It has been proposed that sustained endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is closely concerned with hepatic insulin resistance and inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that Kcnh6 knockout (KO) mice had impaired glucose tolerance and increased levels of hepatic apoptosis, in addition to displaying an increased insulin resistance that was mediated by high ER stress levels. By contrast, overexpression of KCNH6 in primary hepatocytes led to a decrease in ER stress and apoptosis induced by thapsigargin. Similarly, induction of Kcnh6 by tail vein injection into KO mice improved glucose tolerance by reducing ER stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that KCNH6 alleviated hepatic ER stress, apoptosis, and inflammation via the NFκB-IκB kinase (IKK) pathway both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our study provides new insights into the causes of ER stress and subsequent induction of primary hepatocytes apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Sijiqing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Ran Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Xia Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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18
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Wang R, Wang L, He J, Li S, Yang X, Sun P, Yuan Y, Peng J, Yan J, Du J, Li H. Specific Inhibition of CYP4A Alleviates Myocardial Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Induced by Advanced Glycation End-Products. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:876. [PMID: 31447674 PMCID: PMC6696796 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High exposure to advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) may induce cardiotoxicity. However, the effects and mechanisms remain to be further clarified. CYP4A plays an important role in the pathophysiological process of myocardial abnormalities by modulating oxidative stress and apoptosis (OS/Apop) signaling pathway. The present work aimed to investigate whether CYP4A mediates AGEs-induced myocardial injury. AGEs solution was administered intragastrically to C57BL/6 mice for 60 days, while the specific inhibitor of CYP4A, HET0016, was given from the 47th day via intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks. Levels of OS/Apop in heart tissue were measured. The effects on the cell viability and apoptosis were detected in primary rat cardiomyocytes. To further investigate the mechanism, H9c2 cells were treated with HET0016 or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against CYP4a mRNA before incubation with AGEs. Exposure to AGEs led to significantly increased expression of CYP4A and levels of OS/Apop in heart and H9c2 cells both in vivo and in vitro. The OS/Apop pathway was activated with increased expression of NOX2, p-JNK, and cleaved caspase-3 (c-caspase-3) and decreased expression of p-Akt and Bcl-xL both in vivo and in vitro. Specific CYP4A suppression by HET0016 or siRNA exerted significant protective effects by attenuating AGEs-induced OS/Apop pathways in vitro. Our results demonstrate that specific inhibition of CYP4A might be a potential therapeutic option for myocardial injury induced by AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinlong He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pengyuan Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuhui Yuan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinsong Yan
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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19
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Ryu JS, Lee M, Mun SJ, Hong SH, Lee HJ, Ahn HS, Chung KS, Kim GH, Son MJ. Targeting CYP4A attenuates hepatic steatosis in a novel multicellular organotypic liver model. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:69. [PMID: 31406506 PMCID: PMC6686528 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) begins as simple hepatic steatosis, but further progress to chronic liver diseases results in severe liver damage and hepatic failure. However, therapeutic options are scarce due to the lack of reliable human in vitro liver models for understanding disease progression mechanisms and developing therapies. Results We describe here a novel method for generating 3D hepatic spheroids using HepaRG cells, vascular endothelial cells, and mesenchymal stem cells cultured on a thick layer of soft matrix in a narrow conical tube; this method improved self-organization efficiency and functional competence. We further developed a 3D hepatic steatosis model with excess glucose and palmitate, accurately recapitulating steatosis phenotypes such as neutral lipid accumulation, enhanced expression of lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis markers, increased intracellular triglyceride content, and reduced glucose uptake. The expression and activity of cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A), a hepatic glucose and lipid homeostasis enzyme, that is highly expressed in liver tissues from NAFLD patients, was induced in our in vitro steatosis model, and inhibiting CYP4A with the selective inhibitor HET0016 or a specific siRNA ameliorated steatosis-related pathology through reduced ER stress and improved insulin signaling. Conclusions We provide here a novel 3D human cell-based hepatic model that can be easily generated and reliably simulate hepatic steatosis pathology. We have experimentally validated its potential for target validation and drug evaluation by focusing on CYP4A, which may serve as a translational platform for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Ryu
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- 2Drug and Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungcheong 28119 Republic of Korea.,3Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Ju Mun
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea.,4Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyoung Hong
- 2Drug and Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungcheong 28119 Republic of Korea.,3Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Suk Ahn
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea.,4Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea.,5Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- 2Drug and Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungcheong 28119 Republic of Korea.,3Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea.,6Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Son
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea.,4Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
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Li J, Bai L, Wei F, Zhao J, Wang D, Xiao Y, Yan W, Wei J. Therapeutic Mechanisms of Herbal Medicines Against Insulin Resistance: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:661. [PMID: 31258478 PMCID: PMC6587894 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a condition in which insulin sensitivity is reduced and the insulin signaling pathway is impaired. Although often expressed as an increase in insulin concentration, the disease is characterized by a decrease in insulin action. This increased workload of the pancreas and the consequent decompensation are not only the main mechanisms for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but also exacerbate the damage of metabolic diseases, including obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, metabolic syndrome, and others. Many clinical trials have suggested the potential role of herbs in the treatment of insulin resistance, although most of the clinical trials included in this review have certain flaws and bias risks in their methodological design, including the generation of randomization, the concealment of allocation, blinding, and inadequate reporting of sample size estimates. These studies involve not only the single-flavored herbs, but also herbal formulas, extracts, and active ingredients. Numerous of in vitro and in vivo studies have pointed out that the role of herbal medicine in improving insulin resistance is related to interventions in various aspects of the insulin signaling pathway. The targets involved in these studies include insulin receptor substrate, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, glucose transporter, AMP-activated protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3, mitogen-activated protein kinases, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase, nuclear factor-kappaB, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Improved insulin sensitivity upon treatment with herbal medicine provides considerable prospects for treating insulin resistance. This article reviews studies of the target mechanisms of herbal treatments for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Litao Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danwei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weitian Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Identification of key genes involved in type 2 diabetic islet dysfunction: a bioinformatics study. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182172. [PMID: 31088900 PMCID: PMC6542763 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To identify the key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in islet and investigate their potential pathway in the molecular process of type 2 diabetes. Methods: Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE20966, GSE25724, GSE38642) of type 2 diabetes patients and normal controls were downloaded from GEO database. DEGs were further assessed by enrichment analysis based on the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) 6.8. Then, by using Search Tool for the Retrieval Interacting Genes (STRING) 10.0 and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we identified hub gene and associated pathway. At last, we performed quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to validate the expression of hub gene. Results: Forty-five DEGs were co-expressed in the three datasets, most of which were down-regulated. DEGs are mostly involved in cell pathway, response to hormone and binding. In protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, we identified ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) as hub gene. GSEA analysis suggests low expression of ACLY is enriched in glycine serine and threonine metabolism, drug metabolism cytochrome P450 (CYP) and NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway. qPCR showed the same expression trend of hub gene ACLY as in our bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion: Bioinformatics analysis revealed that ACLY and the pathways involved are possible target in the molecular mechanism of type 2 diabetes.
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Rekka EA, Kourounakis PN, Pantelidou M. Xenobiotic Metabolising Enzymes: Impact on Pathologic Conditions, Drug Interactions and Drug Design. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:276-291. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190129122727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The biotransformation of xenobiotics is a homeostatic defensive response of the
body against bioactive invaders. Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, important for the metabolism,
elimination and detoxification of exogenous agents, are found in most tissues and organs and are distinguished
into phase I and phase II enzymes, as well as phase III transporters. The cytochrome P450 superfamily
of enzymes plays a major role in the biotransformation of most xenobiotics as well as in the
metabolism of important endogenous substrates such as steroids and fatty acids. The activity and the
potential toxicity of numerous drugs are strongly influenced by their biotransformation, mainly accomplished
by the cytochrome P450 enzymes, one of the most versatile enzyme systems.
Objective:
In this review, considering the importance of drug metabolising enzymes in health and disease,
some of our previous research results are presented, which, combined with newer findings, may
assist in the elucidation of xenobiotic metabolism and in the development of more efficient drugs.
Conclusion:
Study of drug metabolism is of major importance for the development of drugs and provides
insight into the control of human health. This review is an effort towards this direction and may
find useful applications in related medical interventions or help in the development of more efficient
drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni A. Rekka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki- 54124, Greece
| | - Panos N. Kourounakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki- 54124, Greece
| | - Maria Pantelidou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus
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Abdelmegeed MA, Ha SK, Choi Y, Akbar M, Song BJ. Role of CYP2E1 in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Hepatic Injury by Alcohol and Non-Alcoholic Substances. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 10:207-225. [PMID: 26278393 DOI: 10.2174/1874467208666150817111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are two pathological conditions that are spreading worldwide. Both conditions are remarkably similar with regard to the pathophysiological mechanism and progression despite different causes. Oxidative stressinduced mitochondrial dysfunction through post-translational protein modifications and/or mitochondrial DNA damage has been a major risk factor in both AFLD and NAFLD development and progression. Cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1), a known important inducer of oxidative radicals in the cells, has been reported to remarkably increase in both AFLD and NAFLD. Interestingly, CYP2E1 isoforms expressed in both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, likely lead to the deleterious consequences in response to alcohol or in conditions of NAFLD after exposure to high fat diet (HFD) and in obesity and diabetes. Whether CYP2E1 in both ER and mitochondria work simultaneously or sequentially in various conditions and whether mitochondrial CYP2E1 may exert more pronounced effects on mitochondrial dysfunction in AFLD and NAFLD are unclear. The aims of this review are to briefly describe the role of CYP2E1 and resultant oxidative stress in promoting mitochondrial dysfunction and the development or progression of AFLD and NAFLD, to shed a light on the function of the mitochondrial CYP2E1 as compared with the ER-associated CYP2E1. We finally discuss translational research opportunities related to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892. United States
| | - Seung-Kwon Ha
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane, Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD. United States
| | - Youngshim Choi
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane, Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD. United States
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane, Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD. United States
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane, Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD. United States
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Liepelt A, Wehr A, Kohlhepp M, Mossanen JC, Kreggenwinkel K, Denecke B, Costa IG, Luedde T, Trautwein C, Tacke F. CXCR6 protects from inflammation and fibrosis in NEMOLPC-KO mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:391-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Silva-Veiga FM, Rachid TL, de Oliveira L, Graus-Nunes F, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Souza-Mello V. GW0742 (PPAR-beta agonist) attenuates hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress by improving hepatic energy metabolism in high-fat diet fed mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 474:227-237. [PMID: 29580823 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and hepatic steatosis are intertwined with insulin resistance. PPARs are at the crossroads of these pathways. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GW0742 (PPAR-beta agonist) on hepatic energy metabolism and ER stress in a murine diet-induced obesity model. HF diet caused overweight, hyperinsulinemia, hepatic inflammation (increased NF-kB, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 protein expression) and favored hepatic lipogenesis, leading to ER stress, with ultrastructural and molecular alterations, ending up in proapoptotic stimulus. GW0742 rescued the overweight and the glucose tolerance, tackled hepatic inflammation and favored hepatic beta-oxidation over lipogenesis. These results comply with ER ultrastructure improvement, reducing ER stress and apoptosis in treated animals. Our results indicate that the PPAR-beta/delta activation alleviated the ER stress by improving the insulin sensitivity and maximizing the hepatic energy metabolism with a shift towards beta-oxidation. PPAR-beta/delta activation could be an essential tool to avoid the NAFLD progression and other obesity constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Maria Silva-Veiga
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Lima Rachid
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francielle Graus-Nunes
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Chen F, Li DY, Zhang B, Sun JY, Sun F, Ji X, Qiu JC, Parker RB, Laizure SC, Xu J. Alterations of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters under diabetic conditions: what is the potential clinical significance? Drug Metab Rev 2018; 50:369-397. [PMID: 30221555 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1497645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - De-Yi Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jie-Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Chun Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Robert B. Parker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S. Casey Laizure
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
This study was aimed to clarify the effect of honokiol (Hon) on the activity of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, and the level of mRNA expression of liver and kidney transporters in type 2 diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet and strepotozotocin. Rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, diabetic control (DC) group and Hon groups (n = 6). The activities of hepatic CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP2C, CYP2B, CYP3A and CYP4A, and the mRNA expression levels of hepatic and renal transporters, were determined. Compared to the NC group, the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP4A and CYP2C in DC group were increased by 2.36-, 2.10-, 2.55- and 1.86-fold, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of hepatic Oat2, Oatp2b1 and Oatp1a5, and renal Oct1, Octn2, Oatp2b1 and Oatp1a5, were significantly down-regulated, while the mRNA expression levels of hepatic Octn2, Oatp3a1, Oatp1a1 and Mdr2, and renal Oat2, Mrp4 and Bcrp, were significantly upregulated. Compared to the DC group, Hon treatment significantly inhibited the activity of hepatic CYP2E1, CYP4A, 3A and CYP1A2 by 45.6%, 29.2%, 22.7% and 20.7% in Hon high dose group, respectively. Moreover, Hon treatment significantly inhibited the mRNA expression levels of renal Bcrp and Mrp4 by 2.63-fold and 1.54-fold, while significantly upregulated the mRNA expression levels of hepatic Oat2 and Oatp2b1 by 1.52-fold and 1.54-fold in Hon high dose group, respectively. The results suggested that under the diabetes condition, the changes of CYP450 activity and transporter expression inevitably interfere the normal transport, metabolism and efficacy of drugs. The present work firstly reported that Hon treatment ameliorated the abnormal change of hepatic CYP activity (including CYP2E1, CYP4A and CYP1A2) and the transporter mRNA expression (including hepatic Oat2 and Oatp2b1, renal Bcrp and Mrp4) in type 2 diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet and strepotozotocin, which are associated with the occurrence and development of diabetes.
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28
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Cytochrome P450 4A11 inhibition assays based on characterization of lauric acid metabolites. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 112:205-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Arachidonic Acid Metabolite as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122661. [PMID: 29292756 PMCID: PMC5751263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (BC) (also referred to as stage IV) spreads beyond the breast to the bones, lungs, liver, or brain and is a major contributor to the deaths of cancer patients. Interestingly, metastasis is a result of stroma-coordinated hallmarks such as invasion and migration of the tumor cells from the primary niche, regrowth of the invading tumor cells in the distant organs, proliferation, vascularization, and immune suppression. Targeted therapies, when used as monotherapies or combination therapies, have shown limited success in decreasing the established metastatic growth and improving survival. Thus, novel therapeutic targets are warranted to improve the metastasis outcomes. We have been actively investigating the cytochrome P450 4 (CYP4) family of enzymes that can biosynthesize 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), an important signaling eicosanoid involved in the regulation of vascular tone and angiogenesis. We have shown that 20-HETE can activate several intracellular protein kinases, pro-inflammatory mediators, and chemokines in cancer. This review article is focused on understanding the role of the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway in BC metastasis with an emphasis on 20-HETE as a novel therapeutic target to decrease BC metastasis. We have discussed all the significant investigational mechanisms and put forward studies showing how 20-HETE can promote angiogenesis and metastasis, and how its inhibition could affect the metastatic niches. Potential adjuvant therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment showing anti-tumor properties against BC and its lung metastasis are discussed at the end. This review will highlight the importance of exploring tumor-inherent and stromal-inherent metabolic pathways in the development of novel therapeutics for treating BC metastasis.
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The Inhibitory Effects of Purple Sweet Potato Color on Hepatic Inflammation Is Associated with Restoration of NAD⁺ Levels and Attenuation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in High-Fat-Diet-Treated Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081315. [PMID: 28786950 PMCID: PMC6152044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purple sweet potato color (PSPC), a class of naturally occurring anthocyanins, exhibits beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome. Sustained inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Here we explored the effects of PSPC on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic inflammation and the mechanisms underlying these effects. Mice were divided into four groups: Control group, HFD group, HFD + PSPC group, and PSPC group. PSPC was administered by daily oral gavage at doses of 700 mg/kg/day for 20 weeks. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) was used to increase NAD⁺ levels. Our results showed that PSPC effectively ameliorated obesity and liver injuries in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, PSPC notably blocked hepatic oxidative stress in HFD-treated mice. Furthermore, PSPC dramatically restored NAD⁺ level to abate endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) in HFD-treated mouse livers, which was confirmed by NR treatment. Consequently, PSPC remarkably suppressed the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 nuclear translocation and nucleotide oligomerization domain protein1/2 (NOD1/2) signaling in HFD-treated mouse livers. Thereby, PSPC markedly diminished the NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, ultimately lowering the expressions of inflammation-related genes in HFD-treated mouse livers. In summary, PSPC protected against HFD-induced hepatic inflammation by boosting NAD⁺ level to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Cho YE, Mezey E, Hardwick JP, Salem N, Clemens DL, Song BJ. Increased ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450-2E1 and cytochrome P450 isoforms in exosomes of alcohol-exposed rodents and patients with alcoholism through oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Hepatol Commun 2017; 1:675-690. [PMID: 29404485 PMCID: PMC5721437 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of ethanol‐inducible cytochrome P450‐2E1 (CYP2E1) in enhancing CYP2E1 and other P450 proteins in extracellular vesicles (EVs) from alcohol‐exposed rodents and human patients with alcoholism and their effects on oxidative hepatocyte injury. Female Fischer rats and wild‐type or Cyp2e1‐null mice were exposed to three oral doses of binge ethanol or dextrose control at 12‐hour intervals. Plasma EV and hepatic proteins from alcohol‐exposed rodents, patients with alcoholism, and their respective controls were isolated and characterized. The number of EVs and the amounts of EV CYP2E1, CYP2A, CYP1A1/2, and CYP4B proteins were markedly elevated in both patients with alcoholism and alcohol‐exposed rats and mice. The number of EVs and EV P450 proteins were significantly reduced in ethanol‐exposed rats fed a diet containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. The increased number of EVs and EV CYP2E1 and other P450 isoforms in alcohol‐exposed wild types were significantly reduced in the corresponding Cyp2e1‐null mice. EV CYP2E1 amounts depended on increased oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress because their levels were decreased by cotreatment with the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine or the CYP2E1 inhibitor chlormethiazole but increased by ER stress‐inducer thapsigargin, which was blocked by 4‐phenylbutyric acid. Furthermore, cell death rates were elevated when primary hepatocytes or human hepatoma cells were exposed to EVs from alcohol‐exposed rodents and patients with alcoholism, demonstrating that EVs from alcohol‐exposed rats and patients with alcoholism are functional and can promote cell death by activating the apoptosis signaling pathway, including phospho‐c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, proapoptotic Bax, and activated caspase‐3. Conclusion: CYP2E1 has an important role in elevating EV CYP2E1 and other P450 isoforms through increased oxidative and ER stress. Elevated EV‐CYP2E1 detected after withdrawal from alcohol or exposure to the CYP2E1 inducer pyrazole can be a potential biomarker for liver injury. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:675–690)
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Cho
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Esteban Mezey
- Department of Medicine The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - James P Hardwick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown OH
| | - Norman Salem
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Dahn L Clemens
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
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Zhang X, Li S, Zhou Y, Su W, Ruan X, Wang B, Zheng F, Warner M, Gustafsson JÅ, Guan Y. Ablation of cytochrome P450 omega-hydroxylase 4A14 gene attenuates hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3181-3185. [PMID: 28270609 PMCID: PMC5373383 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700172114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by simple hepatic steatosis (SS), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Dysregulated fatty acid metabolism in the liver plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Cytochrome P450 omega-hydroxylase 4A14 (CYP4A14) is a homolog of human CYP4A hydroxylase that catalyzes omega-hydroxylation of medium-chain fatty acids and arachidonic acid in mice. The goal of this study was to determine the role of CYP4A14 in the development and the progression of NAFLD. Here, we showed that hepatic CYP4A expression was up-regulated in the livers of patients and three murine models of NAFLD. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of CYP4A14 in the livers of C57BL/6 mice resulted in a fatty liver phenotype with a significant increase in hepatic fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) expression. In contrast, CYP4A14 gene-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet or a methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet exhibited attenuated liver lipid accumulation and reduced hepatic FAT/CD36 expression. In addition, hepatic inflammation and fibrosis was markedly ameliorated in MCD diet-fed CYP4A14-deficient mice. Collectively, CYP4A14 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both SS and NASH and may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Center for Nephrology and Urology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Center for Nephrology and Urology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wen Su
- Center for Nephrology and Urology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiongzhong Ruan
- Center for Nephrology and Urology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Margaret Warner
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
- Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
- Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Youfei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China;
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Das KP, Wood CR, Lin MT, Starkov AA, Lau C, Wallace KB, Corton JC, Abbott BD. Perfluoroalkyl acids-induced liver steatosis: Effects on genes controlling lipid homeostasis. Toxicology 2016; 378:37-52. [PMID: 28049043 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Persistent presence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the environment is due to their extensive use in industrial and consumer products, and their slow decay. Biochemical tests in rodent demonstrated that these chemicals are potent modifiers of lipid metabolism and cause hepatocellular steatosis. However, the molecular mechanism of PFAAs interference with lipid metabolism remains to be elucidated. Currently, two major hypotheses are that PFAAs interfere with mitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids and/or they affect the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in liver. To determine the ability of structurally-diverse PFAAs to cause steatosis, as well as to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, wild-type (WT) and PPARα-null mice were treated with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), or perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), by oral gavage for 7days, and their effects were compared to that of PPARα agonist WY-14643 (WY), which does not cause steatosis. Increases in liver weight and cell size, and decreases in DNA content per mg of liver, were observed for all compounds in WT mice, and were also seen in PPARα-null mice for PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS, but not for WY. In Oil Red O stained sections, WT liver showed increased lipid accumulation in all treatment groups, whereas in PPARα-null livers, accumulation was observed after PFNA and PFHxS treatment, adding to the burden of steatosis observed in control (untreated) PPARα-null mice. Liver triglyceride (TG) levels were elevated in WT mice by all PFAAs and in PPARα-null mice only by PFNA. In vitro β-oxidation of palmitoyl carnitine by isolated rat liver mitochondria was not inhibited by any of the 7 PFAAs tested. Likewise, neither PFOA nor PFOS inhibited palmitate oxidation by HepG2/C3A human liver cell cultures. Microarray analysis of livers from PFAAs-treated mice indicated that the PFAAs induce the expression of the lipid catabolism genes, as well as those involved in fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis, in WT mice and, to a lesser extent, in PPARα-null mice. These results indicate that most of the PFAAs increase liver TG load and promote steatosis in mice We hypothesize that PFAAs increase steatosis because the balance of fatty acid accumulation/synthesis and oxidation is disrupted to favor accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaberi P Das
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Carmen R Wood
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Mimi T Lin
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Anatoly A Starkov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Christopher Lau
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Kendall B Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - J Christopher Corton
- Integrated System Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Barbara D Abbott
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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34
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Alecu I, Othman A, Penno A, Saied EM, Arenz C, von Eckardstein A, Hornemann T. Cytotoxic 1-deoxysphingolipids are metabolized by a cytochrome P450-dependent pathway. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:60-71. [PMID: 27872144 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m072421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1-deoxysphingolipids (1-deoxySLs) are atypical sphingolipids (SLs) that are formed when serine palmitoyltransferase condenses palmitoyl-CoA with alanine instead of serine during SL synthesis. The 1-deoxySLs are toxic to neurons and pancreatic β-cells. Pathologically elevated 1-deoxySLs cause the inherited neuropathy, hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1), and are also found in T2D. Diabetic sensory polyneuropathy (DSN) and HSAN1 are clinically very similar, suggesting that 1-deoxySLs may be implicated in both pathologies. The 1-deoxySLs are considered to be dead-end metabolites, as they lack the C1-hydroxyl group, which is essential for the canonical degradation of SLs. Here, we report a previously unknown metabolic pathway, which is capable of degrading 1-deoxySLs. Using a variety of metabolic labeling approaches and high-resolution high-accuracy MS, we identified eight 1-deoxySL downstream metabolites, which appear to be formed by cytochrome P450 (CYP)4F enzymes. Comprehensive inhibition and induction of CYP4F enzymes blocked and stimulated, respectively, the formation of the downstream metabolites. Consequently, CYP4F enzymes might be novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of HSAN1 and DSN, as well as for the prevention of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Alecu
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Alaa Othman
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck D-23562, Germany
| | - Anke Penno
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Essa M Saied
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-12489, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland .,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
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35
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Xu X, Li R, Chen G, Hoopes SL, Zeldin DC, Wang DW. The Role of Cytochrome P450 Epoxygenases, Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase, and Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids in Metabolic Diseases. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:1122-1128. [PMID: 28140329 PMCID: PMC5105036 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The features comprising metabolic diseases include obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Recent evidence has emerged showcasing a role for cytochrome P450 epoxygenases, soluble epoxide hydrolase, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) in the development and progression of metabolic diseases. This review discusses the current knowledge related to the modulation of cytochrome P450 epoxygenases and soluble epoxide hydrolase to alter concentrations of biologically active EETs, resulting in effects on insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, obesity, and diabetes. Future areas of research to address current deficiencies in the understanding of these enzymes and their eicosanoid metabolites in various aspects of metabolic diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhen Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Guangzhi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Samantha L Hoopes
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
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36
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Hepatic expression of cytochrome P450 in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:244-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Wang M, Wang S, Yao D, Yan Q, Lu W. A novel long non-coding RNA CYP4B1-PS1-001 regulates proliferation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 426:136-45. [PMID: 26923441 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is an important microvascular complication of diabetes, and the incidence of end-stage renal disease caused by it are rising annually. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely regarded to associate with the occurrence and development of various diseases; however, the relationship between lncRNAs and diabetic nephropathy remains largely unknown. This work studied the effect of lncRNAs on diabetic nephropathy pathogenesis. LncRNA microarrays were initially used to detect lncRNAs with altered expression in three cases of kidney tissue from db/db mice with diabetic nephropathy. LncRNAs with differential expression (>2-fold) could be considered candidates. Particularly, CYP4B1-PS1-001 was significantly downregulated in response to early diabetic nephropathy in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression of CYP4B1-PS1-001 inhibited proliferation and fibrosis of mesangial cells. Overall, our data indicate the potential role of CYP4B1-PS1-001 in the proliferation and fibrosis of mice mesangial cells as the prominent features during early stage of diabetic nephropathy, which extend the relationship between lncRNAs and diabetic nephropathy, and may provide a potential therapeutic target and molecular biomarker for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, PR China
| | - Suyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, PR China
| | - Di Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, PR China
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
| | - Weiping Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, PR China.
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38
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Shi CX, Zhao MX, Shu XD, Xiong XQ, Wang JJ, Gao XY, Chen Q, Li YH, Kang YM, Zhu GQ. β-aminoisobutyric acid attenuates hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and glucose/lipid metabolic disturbance in mice with type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21924. [PMID: 26907958 PMCID: PMC4764829 DOI: 10.1038/srep21924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) is a nature thymine catabolite, and contributes to exercise-induced protection from metabolic diseases. Here we show the therapeutical effects of BAIBA on hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and glucose/lipid metabolic disturbance in diabetes. Type 2 diabetes was induced by combined streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. Oral administration of BAIBA for 4 weeks reduced blood glucose and lipids levels, hepatic key enzymes of gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis expressions, attenuated hepatic insulin resistance and lipid accumulation, and improved insulin signaling in type 2 diabetic mice. BAIBA reduced hepatic ER stress and apoptosis in type 2 diabetic mice. Furthermore, BAIBA alleviated ER stress in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells with glucosamine-induced insulin resistance. Hepatic AMPK phosphorylation was reduced in STZ/HFD mice and glucosamine-treated HepG2 cells, which were restored by BAIBA treatment. The suppressive effects of BAIBA on glucosamine-induced ER stress were reversed by knockdown of AMPK with siRNA. In addition, BAIBA prevented thapsigargin- or tunicamycin-induced ER stress, and tunicamycin–induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. These results indicate that BAIBA attenuates hepatic ER stress, apoptosis and glucose/lipid metabolic disturbance in mice with type 2 diabetes. AMPK signaling is involved to the role of BAIBA in attenuating ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Xiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ming-Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Shu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jue-Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xing-Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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39
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Xue J, Ideraabdullah FY. An assessment of molecular pathways of obesity susceptible to nutrient, toxicant and genetically induced epigenetic perturbation. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 30:1-13. [PMID: 27012616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the etiology of human disease has greatly improved with the inclusion of epigenetic mechanisms, in particular as a common link between environment and disease. However, for most diseases we lack a detailed interpretation of the epigenetic regulatory pathways perturbed by environment and causal mechanisms. Here, we focus on recent findings elucidating nutrient-related epigenetic changes linked to obesity. We highlight studies demonstrating that obesity is a complex disease linked to disruption of epigenetically regulated metabolic pathways in the brain, adipose tissue and liver. These pathways regulate (1) homeostatic and hedonic eating behaviors, (2) adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation, and (3) energy expenditure. By compiling these data, we illustrate that obesity-related phenotypes are repeatedly linked to disruption of critical epigenetic mechanisms that regulate key metabolic genes. These data are supported by genetic mutation of key epigenetic regulators, and many of the diet-induced epigenetic mechanisms of obesity are also perturbed by exposure to environmental toxicants. Identifying similarly perturbed epigenetic mechanisms in multiple experimental models of obesity strengthens the translational applications of these findings. We also discuss many of the ongoing challenges to understanding the role of environmentally induced epigenetic pathways in obesity and suggest future studies to elucidate these roles. This assessment illustrates our current understanding of molecular pathways of obesity that are susceptible to environmental perturbation via epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, it lays the groundwork for dissecting the complex interactions between diet, genes and toxicants that contribute to obesity and obesity-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Folami Y Ideraabdullah
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Nutrition, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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40
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Yuan ZX, Rapoport SI. Transient postnatal fluoxetine decreases brain concentrations of 20-HETE and 15-epi-LXA4, arachidonic acid metabolites in adult mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 101:9-14. [PMID: 26234927 PMCID: PMC4581970 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient postnatal exposure of rodents to the selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine alters behavior and brain 5-HT neurotransmission during adulthood, and also reduces brain arachidonic (ARA) metabolic consumption and protein level of the ARA metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P4504A (CYP4A). HYPOTHESIS Brain 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), converted by CYP4A from ARA, will be reduced in adult mice treated transiently and postnatally with fluoxetine. METHODS Male mice pups were injected i.p. daily with fluoxetine (10mg/kg) or saline during P4-P21. At P90 their brain was high-energy microwaved and analyzed for 20-HETE and six other ARA metabolites by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Postnatal fluoxetine vs. saline significantly decreased brain concentrations of 20-HETE (-70.3%) and 15-epi-lipoxin A4 (-60%) in adult mice, but did not change other eicosanoid concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Behavioral changes in adult mice treated postnatally with fluoxetine may be related to reduced brain ARA metabolism involving CYP4A and 20-HETE formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Yuan
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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41
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Ho CT, Chang YJ, Yang LX, Wei PL, Liu TZ, Liu JJ. A Novel Microtubule-Disrupting Agent Induces Endoplasmic Reticular Stress-Mediated Cell Death in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136340. [PMID: 26355599 PMCID: PMC4565632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present evidence of a novel microtubule-disrupting agent, N-deacetyl-N-(chromone-2-carbonyl)-thiocolchicine (TCD), exhibiting potent antitumor activity (with IC50 values in the nanomolar range) against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Cell cycle analysis revealed that TCD induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest in a dose- and time-dependent manner in both Hep-J5 and Mahlavu HCC cell lines. TCD also induced a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and caused DNA damage. Mechanistically, TCD activated protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticular kinase and several transcription factors, including activating transcription factor (ATF) 6, ATF4, ATF3, and the CCAAT-enhancer binding protein homologous protein. These data clearly demonstrate that the antitumor activity of TCD is mechanistically linked to its capacity to trigger both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic cell death via endoplasmic reticular stress pathway. The potent antitumor activity of TCD was similarly demonstrated in a hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft model, where 5 and 10 mg/kg doses of TCD significantly arrested Hep-J5 and Mahlavu tumor growth. Our finding suggests that TCD is a promising therapeutic agent against hepatocellular carcinoma; further translational assessment of its clinical usage is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Te Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Xi Yang
- Radiobiology Laboratory, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; St. Mary's Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Po-Li Wei
- Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Zon Liu
- Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Jen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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42
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Song BJ, Akbar M, Jo I, Hardwick JP, Abdelmegeed MA. Translational Implications of the Alcohol-Metabolizing Enzymes, Including Cytochrome P450-2E1, in Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Liver Disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 74:303-72. [PMID: 26233911 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fat accumulation (hepatic steatosis) in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a potentially pathologic condition which can progress to steatohepatitis (inflammation), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and carcinogenesis. Many clinically used drugs or some alternative medicine compounds are also known to cause drug-induced liver injury, which can further lead to fulminant liver failure and acute deaths in extreme cases. During liver disease process, certain cytochromes P450 such as the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1) and CYP4A isozymes can be induced and/or activated by alcohol and/or high-fat diets and pathophysiological conditions such as fasting, obesity, and diabetes. Activation of these P450 isozymes, involved in the metabolism of ethanol, fatty acids, and various drugs, can produce reactive oxygen/nitrogen species directly and/or indirectly, contributing to oxidative modifications of DNA/RNA, proteins and lipids. In addition, aldehyde dehydrogenases including the mitochondrial low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), responsible for the metabolism of acetaldehyde and lipid aldehydes, can be inactivated by various hepatotoxic agents. These highly reactive acetaldehyde and lipid peroxides, accumulated due to ALDH2 suppression, can interact with cellular macromolecules DNA/RNA, lipids, and proteins, leading to suppression of their normal function, contributing to DNA mutations, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, steatosis, and cell death. In this chapter, we specifically review the roles of the alcohol-metabolizing enzymes including the alcohol dehydrogenase, ALDH2, CYP2E1, and other enzymes in promoting liver disease. We also discuss translational research opportunities with natural and/or synthetic antioxidants, which can prevent or delay the onset of inflammation and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - James P Hardwick
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology in Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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