1
|
Chen CY, Wang YF, Lei L, Zhang Y. Impacts of microbiota and its metabolites through gut-brain axis on pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. Life Sci 2024; 351:122815. [PMID: 38866215 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a high rate of recurrence and disability, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. That's why a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of MDD pathology is an urgent task, and some studies have found that intestinal symptoms accompany people with MDD. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, which was found to have a strong association with the pathogenesis of MDD. Previous studies have focused more on the communication between the gut and the brain through neuroendocrine, neuroimmune and autonomic pathways, and the role of gut microbes and their metabolites in depression is unclear. Metabolites of intestinal microorganisms (e.g., tryptophan, kynurenic acid, indole, and lipopolysaccharide) can participate in the pathogenesis of MDD through immune and inflammatory pathways or by altering the permeability of the gut and blood-brain barrier. In addition, intestinal microbes can communicate with intestinal neurons and glial cells to affect the integrity and function of intestinal nerves. However, the specific role of gut microbes and their metabolites in the pathogenesis of MDD is not well understood. Hence, the present review summarizes how gut microbes and their metabolites are directly or indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Ya Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yu-Fei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Lan Lei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Almeida PP, Brito ML, Thomasi B, Mafra D, Fouque D, Knauf C, Tavares-Gomes AL, Stockler-Pinto MB. Is the enteric nervous system a lost piece of the gut-kidney axis puzzle linked to chronic kidney disease? Life Sci 2024; 351:122793. [PMID: 38848938 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates numerous functional and immunological attributes of the gastrointestinal tract. Alterations in ENS cell function have been linked to intestinal outcomes in various metabolic, intestinal, and neurological disorders. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a challenging intestinal environment due to gut dysbiosis, which further affects patient quality of life. Although the gut-related repercussions of CKD have been thoroughly investigated, the involvement of the ENS in this puzzle remains unclear. ENS cell dysfunction, such as glial reactivity and alterations in cholinergic signaling in the small intestine and colon, in CKD are associated with a wide range of intestinal pathways and responses in affected patients. This review discusses how the ENS is affected in CKD and how it is involved in gut-related outcomes, including intestinal permeability, inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysmotility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Lima Brito
- Pathology Post Graduate Program, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Thomasi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University (MSU), East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denis Fouque
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hopitalier Lyon Sud, INSERM 1060, CENS, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Claude Knauf
- INSERM U1220 Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, CHU Purpan, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ana Lúcia Tavares-Gomes
- Neurosciences Post Graduate Program, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Milena Barcza Stockler-Pinto
- Pathology Post Graduate Program, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; INSERM U1220 Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, CHU Purpan, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yip JLK, Balasuriya GK, Hill-Yardin EL, Spencer SJ. The gut-brain and gut-macrophage contribution to gastrointestinal dysfunction with systemic inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:867-877. [PMID: 38750700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is one of the main organs affected during systemic inflammation and disrupted gastrointestinal motility is a major clinical manifestation. Many studies have investigated the involvement of neuroimmune interactions in regulating colonic motility during localized colonic inflammation, i.e., colitis. However, little is known about how the enteric nervous system and intestinal macrophages contribute to dysregulated motility during systemic inflammation. Given that systemic inflammation commonly results from the innate immune response against bacterial infection, we mimicked bacterial infection by administering lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to rats and assessed colonic motility using ex vivo video imaging techniques. We utilized the Cx3cr1-Dtr rat model of transient depletion of macrophages to investigate the role of intestinal macrophages in regulating colonic motility during LPS infection. To investigate the role of inhibitory enteric neurotransmission on colonic motility following LPS, we applied the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, Nω-nitro-L-arginine (NOLA). Our results confirmed an increase in colonic contraction frequency during LPS-induced systemic inflammation. However, neither the depletion of intestinal macrophages, nor the suppression of inhibitory enteric nervous system activity impacted colonic motility disruption during inflammation. This implies that the interplay between the enteric nervous system and intestinal macrophages is nuanced, and complex, and further investigation is needed to clarify their joint roles in colonic motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson L K Yip
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gayathri K Balasuriya
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Elisa L Hill-Yardin
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Santhosh S, Zanoletti L, Stamp LA, Hao MM, Matteoli G. From diversity to disease: unravelling the role of enteric glial cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1408744. [PMID: 38957473 PMCID: PMC11217337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1408744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Enteric glial cells (EGCs) are an essential component of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and play key roles in gastrointestinal development, homeostasis, and disease. Derived from neural crest cells, EGCs undergo complex differentiation processes regulated by various signalling pathways. Being among the most dynamic cells of the digestive system, EGCs react to cues in their surrounding microenvironment and communicate with various cell types and systems within the gut. Morphological studies and recent single cell RNA sequencing studies have unveiled heterogeneity among EGC populations with implications for regional functions and roles in diseases. In gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), infections and cancer, EGCs modulate neuroplasticity, immune responses and tumorigenesis. Recent evidence suggests that EGCs respond plastically to the microenvironmental cues, adapting their phenotype and functions in disease states and taking on a crucial role. They exhibit molecular abnormalities and alter communication with other intestinal cell types, underscoring their therapeutic potential as targets. This review delves into the multifaceted roles of EGCs, particularly emphasizing their interactions with various cell types in the gut and their significant contributions to gastrointestinal disorders. Understanding the complex roles of EGCs in gastrointestinal physiology and pathology will be crucial for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Santhosh
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Zanoletti
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lincon A. Stamp
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Marlene M. Hao
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Institute for Single-cell Omics (LISCO), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baidoo N, Sanger GJ. The human colon: Evidence for degenerative changes during aging and the physiological consequences. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024:e14848. [PMID: 38887160 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of constipation increases among the elderly (>65 years), while abdominal pain decreases. Causes include changes in lifestyle (e.g., diet and reduced exercise), disease and medications affecting gastrointestinal functions. Degenerative changes may also occur within the colo-rectum. However, most evidence is from rodents, animals with relatively high rates of metabolism and accelerated aging, with considerable variation in time course. In humans, cellular and non-cellular changes in the aging intestine are poorly investigated. PURPOSE To examine all available studies which reported the effects of aging on cellular and tissue functions of human isolated colon, noting the region studied, sex and age of tissue donors and study size. The focus on human colon reflects the ability to access full-thickness tissue over a wide age range, compared with other gastrointestinal regions. Details are important because of natural human variability. We found age-related changes within the muscle, in the enteric and nociceptor innervation, and in the submucosa. Some involve all regions of colon, but the ascending colon appears more vulnerable. Changes can be cell- and sublayer-dependent. Mechanisms are unclear but may include development of "senescent-like" and associated inflammaging, perhaps associated with increased mucosal permeability to harmful luminal contents. In summary, reduced nociceptor innervation can explain diminished abdominal pain among the elderly. Degenerative changes within the colon wall may have little impact on symptoms and colonic functions, because of high "functional reserve," but are likely to facilitate the development of constipation during age-related challenges (e.g., lifestyle, disease, and medications), now operating against a reduced functional reserve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Baidoo
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gareth J Sanger
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Losa M, Morsy Y, Emmenegger M, Manz SM, Schwarz P, Aguzzi A, Scharl M. Longitudinal microbiome investigation throughout prion disease course reveals pre- and symptomatic compositional perturbations linked to short-chain fatty acid metabolism and cognitive impairment in mice. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1412765. [PMID: 38919500 PMCID: PMC11196846 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1412765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Commensal intestinal bacteria shape our microbiome and have decisive roles in preserving host metabolic and immune homeostasis. They conspicuously impact disease development and progression, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) and alpha (α)-synuclein pathology in neurodegenerative diseases, conveying the importance of the brain-gut-microbiome axis in such conditions. However, little is known about the longitudinal microbiome landscape and its potential clinical implications in other protein misfolding disorders, such as prion disease. We investigated the microbiome architecture throughout prion disease course in mice. Fecal specimens were assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. We report a temporal microbiome signature in prion disease and uncovered alterations in Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Muribaculaceae family members in this disease. Moreover, we determined the enrichment of Bilophila, a microorganism connected to cognitive impairment, long before the clinical manifestation of disease symptoms. Based on temporal microbial abundances, several associated metabolic pathways and resulting metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, were linked to the disease. We propose that neuroinflammatory processes relate to perturbations of the intestinal microbiome and metabolic state by an interorgan brain-gut crosstalk. Furthermore, we describe biomarkers possibly suitable for early disease diagnostics and anti-prion therapy monitoring. While our study is confined to prion disease, our discoveries might be of equivalent relevance in other proteinopathies and central nervous system pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Losa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Morsy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salomon M. Manz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Schwarz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gonzales J, Dharshika C, Mazhar K, Morales-Soto W, McClain JL, Moeser AJ, Nault R, Price TJ, Gulbransen BD. Early life adversity promotes gastrointestinal dysfunction through a sex-dependent phenotypic switch in enteric glia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.31.596805. [PMID: 38895433 PMCID: PMC11185517 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.31.596805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome and related disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) are common and exhibit a complex, poorly understood etiology that manifests as abnormal gut motility and pain. Risk factors such as biological sex, stressors during critical periods, and inflammation are thought to influence DGBI vulnerability by reprogramming gut-brain circuits, but the specific cells affected are unclear. Here, we used a model of early life stress to understand cellular mechanisms in the gut that produce DGBIs. Our findings identify enteric glia as a key cellular substrate in which stress and biological sex converge to dictate DGBI susceptibility. Enteric glia exhibit sexual dimorphism in genes and functions related to cellular communication, inflammation, and disease susceptibility. Experiencing early life stress has sex-specific effects on enteric glia that cause a phenotypic switch in male glia toward a phenotype normally observed in females. This phenotypic transformation is followed by physiological changes in the gut, mirroring those observed in DGBI in humans. These effects are mediated, in part, by alterations to glial prostaglandin and endocannabinoid signaling. Together, these data identify enteric glia as a cellular integration site through which DGBI risk factors produce changes in gut physiology and suggest that manipulating glial signaling may represent an attractive target for sex-specific therapeutic strategies in DGBIs.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bali V, Grubišić V. Enteric glia as friends and foes of the intestinal epithelial barrier function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1394654. [PMID: 38873614 PMCID: PMC11169670 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Bali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Vladimir Grubišić
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tiwari N, Smith C, Sharma D, Shen S, Mehta P, Qiao LY. Plp1-expresssing perineuronal DRG cells facilitate colonic and somatic chronic mechanical pain involving Piezo2 upregulation in DRG neurons. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114230. [PMID: 38743566 PMCID: PMC11234328 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) of dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) are activated in a variety of chronic pain conditions; however, their mediation roles in pain remain elusive. Here, we take advantage of proteolipid protein (PLP)/creERT-driven recombination in the periphery mainly occurring in SGCs of DRGs to assess the role of SGCs in the regulation of chronic mechanical hypersensitivity and pain-like responses in two organs, the distal colon and hindpaw, to test generality. We show that PLP/creERT-driven hM3Dq activation increases, and PLP/creERT-driven TrkB.T1 deletion attenuates, colon and hindpaw chronic mechanical hypersensitivity, positively associating with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in DRGs and phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Activation of Plp1+ DRG cells also increases the number of small DRG neurons expressing Piezo2 and acquiring mechanosensitivity and leads to peripheral organ neurogenic inflammation. These findings unravel a role and mechanism of Plp1+ cells, mainly SGCs, in the facilitation of chronic mechanical pain and suggest therapeutic targets for pain mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Tiwari
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0551, USA
| | - Cristina Smith
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0551, USA
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0551, USA
| | - Shanwei Shen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0551, USA
| | - Parshva Mehta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0551, USA
| | - Liya Y Qiao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0551, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li HY, Yan WX, Li J, Ye J, Wu ZG, Hou ZK, Chen B. Global research status and trends of enteric glia: a bibliometric analysis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1403767. [PMID: 38855748 PMCID: PMC11157232 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1403767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Enteric glia are essential components of the enteric nervous system. Previously believed to have a passive structural function, mounting evidence now suggests that these cells are indispensable for maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis and exert pivotal influences on both wellbeing and pathological conditions. This study aimed to investigate the global status, research hotspots, and future directions of enteric glia. Methods The literature on enteric glia research was acquired from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer software (v1.6.19) was employed to visually represent co-operation networks among countries, institutions, and authors. The co-occurrence analysis of keywords and co-citation analysis of references were conducted using CiteSpace (v6.1.R6). Simultaneously, cluster analysis and burst detection of keywords and references were performed. Results A total of 514 publications from 36 countries were reviewed. The United States was identified as the most influential country. The top-ranked institutions were University of Nantes and Michigan State University. Michel Neunlist was the most cited author. "Purinergic signaling" was the largest co-cited reference cluster, while "enteric glial cells (EGCs)" was the cluster with the highest number of co-occurring keywords. As the keyword with the highest burst strength, Crohns disease was a hot topic in the early research on enteric glia. The burst detection of keywords revealed that inflammation, intestinal motility, and gut microbiota may be the research frontiers. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of enteric glia research. EGCs have emerged as a crucial link between neurons and immune cells, attracting significant research attention in neurogastroenterology. Their fundamental and translational studies on inflammation, intestinal motility, and gut microbiota may promote the treatment of some gastrointestinal and parenteral disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Yu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Xin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ye
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Wu
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Kun Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Llorente C. The Imperative for Innovative Enteric Nervous System-Intestinal Organoid Co-Culture Models: Transforming GI Disease Modeling and Treatment. Cells 2024; 13:820. [PMID: 38786042 PMCID: PMC11119846 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the need for innovative co-culture systems integrating the enteric nervous system (ENS) with intestinal organoids. The breakthroughs achieved through these techniques will pave the way for a transformative era in gastrointestinal (GI) disease modeling and treatment strategies. This review serves as an introduction to the companion protocol paper featured in this journal. The protocol outlines the isolation and co-culture of myenteric and submucosal neurons with small intestinal organoids. This review provides an overview of the intestinal organoid culture field to establish a solid foundation for effective protocol application. Remarkably, the ENS surpasses the number of neurons in the spinal cord. Referred to as the "second brain", the ENS orchestrates pivotal roles in GI functions, including motility, blood flow, and secretion. The ENS is organized into myenteric and submucosal plexuses. These plexuses house diverse subtypes of neurons. Due to its proximity to the gut musculature and its cell type complexity, there are methodological intricacies in studying the ENS. Diverse approaches such as primary cell cultures, three-dimensional (3D) neurospheres, and induced ENS cells offer diverse insights into the multifaceted functionality of the ENS. The ENS exhibits dynamic interactions with the intestinal epithelium, the muscle layer, and the immune system, influencing epithelial physiology, motility, immune responses, and the microbiome. Neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine (ACh), serotonin (5-HT), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), play pivotal roles in these intricate interactions. Understanding these dynamics is imperative, as the ENS is implicated in various diseases, ranging from neuropathies to GI disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The emergence of organoid technology presents an unprecedented opportunity to study ENS interactions within the complex milieu of the small and large intestines. This manuscript underscores the urgent need for standardized protocols and advanced techniques to unravel the complexities of the ENS and its dynamic relationship with the gut ecosystem. The insights gleaned from such endeavors hold the potential to revolutionize GI disease modeling and treatment paradigms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Llorente
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, MC0063, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Prochera A, Muppirala AN, Kuziel GA, Soualhi S, Shepherd A, Sun L, Issac B, Rosenberg HJ, Karim F, Perez K, Smith KH, Archibald TH, Rakoff-Nahoum S, Hagen SJ, Rao M. Enteric glia regulate Paneth cell secretion and intestinal microbial ecology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.15.589545. [PMID: 38659931 PMCID: PMC11042301 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.15.589545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Glial cells of the enteric nervous system (ENS) interact closely with the intestinal epithelium and secrete signals that influence epithelial cell proliferation and barrier formation in vitro. Whether these interactions are important in vivo, however, is unclear because previous studies reached conflicting conclusions [1]. To better define the roles of enteric glia in steady state regulation of the intestinal epithelium, we characterized the glia in closest proximity to epithelial cells and found that the majority express PLP1 in both mice and humans. To test their functions using an unbiased approach, we genetically depleted PLP1+ cells in mice and transcriptionally profiled the small and large intestines. Surprisingly, glial loss had minimal effects on transcriptional programs and the few identified changes varied along the gastrointestinal tract. In the ileum, where enteric glia had been considered most essential for epithelial integrity, glial depletion did not drastically alter epithelial gene expression but caused a modest enrichment in signatures of Paneth cells, a secretory cell type important for innate immunity. In the absence of PLP1+ glia, Paneth cell number was intact, but a subset appeared abnormal with irregular and heterogenous cytoplasmic granules, suggesting a secretory deficit. Consistent with this possibility, ileal explants from glial-depleted mice secreted less functional lysozyme than controls with corresponding effects on fecal microbial composition. Collectively, these data suggest that enteric glia do not exert broad effects on the intestinal epithelium but have an essential role in regulating Paneth cell function and gut microbial ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Prochera
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anoohya N Muppirala
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gavin A Kuziel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Salima Soualhi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy Shepherd
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liang Sun
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Biju Issac
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harry J Rosenberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Farah Karim
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristina Perez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyle H Smith
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tonora H Archibald
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth Rakoff-Nahoum
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Susan J Hagen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin K, Peng F, He K, Qian Z, Mei X, Su Z, Wujimaiti Y, Xia X, Zhang T. Research progress on intestinal microbiota regulating cognitive function through the gut-brain axis. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07525-5. [PMID: 38632176 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota community is a fundamental component of the human body and plays a significant regulatory role in maintaining overall health and in the management disease states.The intestinal microbiota-gut-brain axis represents a vital connection in the cognitive regulation of the central nervous system by the intestinal microbiota.The impact of intestinal microbiota on cognitive function is hypothesized to manifest through both the nervous system and circulatory system. Imbalances in intestinal microbiota during the perioperative period could potentially contribute to perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction. This article concentrates on a review of existing literature to explore the potential influence of intestinal microbiota on brain and cognitive functions via the nervous and circulatory systems.Additionally, it summarizes recent findings on the impact of perioperative intestinal dysbacteriosis on perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction and suggests novel approaches for prevention and treatment of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Lin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Peng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital Of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kunyang He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengyu Qian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuan Mei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhikun Su
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Xun Xia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital Of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tianyao Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital Of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Robertson K, Hahn O, Robinson BG, Faruk AT, Janakiraman M, Namkoong H, Kim K, Ye J, Bishop ES, Hall RA, Wyss-Coray T, Becker LS, Kaltschmidt JA. Gpr37 modulates the severity of inflammation-induced GI dysmotility by regulating enteric reactive gliosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.09.588619. [PMID: 38645163 PMCID: PMC11030428 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.588619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is contained within two layers of the gut wall and is made up of neurons, immune cells, and enteric glia cells (EGCs) that regulate gastrointestinal (GI) function. EGCs in both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) change in response to inflammation, referred to as reactive gliosis. Whether EGCs restricted to a specific layer or region within the GI tract alone can influence intestinal immune response is unknown. Using bulk RNA-sequencing and in situ hybridization, we identify G-protein coupled receptor Gpr37 , as a gene expressed only in EGCs of the myenteric plexus, one of the two layers of the ENS. We show that Gpr37 contributes to key components of LPS-induced reactive gliosis including activation of NF-kB and IFN-y signaling and response genes, lymphocyte recruitment, and inflammation-induced GI dysmotility. Targeting Gpr37 in EGCs presents a potential avenue for modifying inflammatory processes in the ENS.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhan Y, Wen Y, Zheng F, Du LJ, Chen TY, Shen XL, Wu R, Tang XG. MiR-26b-3p Promotes Intestinal Motility Disorder by Targeting FZD10 to Inhibit GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling and Induce Enteric Glial Cell Apoptosis. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1543-1561. [PMID: 37728849 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Enteric glial cells (EGCs) are the major component of the enteric nervous system and affect the pathophysiological process of intestinal motility dysfunction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating gastrointestinal homeostasis. However, the mechanism of miRNA-mediated regulation of EGCs in intestinal dysmotility remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of EGC apoptosis on intestinal dysmotility, and the effect of miR-26b-3p on EGC proliferation and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. A loperamide hydrochloride (Lop)-induced constipated mouse model and an in vitro culture system of rat EGCs were established. The transcriptome was used to predict the differentially expressed gene miR-26b-3p and the target gene Frizzled 10 (FZD10), and their targeting binding relationship was verified by luciferase. EGCs were transfected with miR-26b-3p mimic or antagomir, and the FZD10 expression was down-regulated by siRNA. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to detect EGC apoptosis. MiR-26b-3p and FZD10 expressions were examined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The CCK-8 assay was used to detect EGC proliferation. The protein levels were detected by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that miR-26b-3p was up-regulated in the Lop group, whereas FZD10 was down-regulated, and EGC apoptosis was increased in the colon of intestinal dysmotility mice. FZD10 down-regulation and miR-26b-3p mimic significantly increased glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation (p-GSK3β) levels, decreased β-catenin expression, and promoted EGC apoptosis. MiR-26b-3p antagomir alleviated intestinal dysmotility, promoted EGC increased activity of EGCs, and reduced EGC apoptosis in vivo. In conclusion, this study indicated that miR-26b-3p promotes intestinal motility disorders by targeting FZD10 to block GSK3β/β-catenin signaling and induces apoptosis in EGCs. Our results provide a new research target for the treatment and intervention of intestinal dysmotility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- Anorectal Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrative Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fan Zheng
- Anorectal Department, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Li-Juan Du
- The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Southwest Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tai-Yu Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xu-Long Shen
- Anorectal Department, Luzhou People's Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Gui Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shepherd A, Feinstein L, Sabel S, Rastelli D, Mezhibovsky E, Matthews L, Muppirala A, Robinson A, Sharma KR, ElSeht A, Zeve D, Breault DT, Gershon MD, Rao M. RET Signaling Persists in the Adult Intestine and Stimulates Motility by Limiting PYY Release From Enteroendocrine Cells. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:437-449. [PMID: 37995867 PMCID: PMC10922887 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS RET tyrosine kinase is necessary for enteric nervous system development. Loss-of-function RET mutations cause Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), in which infants are born with aganglionic bowel. Despite surgical correction, patients with HSCR often experience chronic defecatory dysfunction and enterocolitis, suggesting that RET is important after development. To test this hypothesis, we determined the location of postnatal RET and its significance in gastrointestinal (GI) motility. METHODS RetCFP/+ mice and human transcriptional profiling data were studied to identify the enteric neuronal and epithelial cells that express RET. To determine whether RET regulates gut motility in vivo, genetic, and pharmacologic approaches were used to disrupt RET in all RET-expressing cells, a subset of enteric neurons, or intestinal epithelial cells. RESULTS Distinct subsets of enteric neurons and enteroendocrine cells expressed RET in the adult intestine. RET disruption in the epithelium, rather than in enteric neurons, slowed GI motility selectively in male mice. RET kinase inhibition phenocopied this effect. Most RET+ epithelial cells were either enterochromaffin cells that release serotonin or L-cells that release peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), both of which can alter motility. RET kinase inhibition exaggerated PYY and GLP-1 release in a nutrient-dependent manner without altering serotonin secretion in mice and human organoids. PYY receptor blockade rescued dysmotility in mice lacking epithelial RET. CONCLUSIONS RET signaling normally limits nutrient-dependent peptide release from L-cells and this activity is necessary for normal intestinal motility in male mice. These effects could contribute to dysmotility in HSCR, which predominantly affects males, and uncovers a mechanism that could be targeted to treat post-prandial GI dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Shepherd
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurence Feinstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Svetlana Sabel
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniella Rastelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Esther Mezhibovsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Lynley Matthews
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Anoohya Muppirala
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ariel Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karina R Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abrahim ElSeht
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Zeve
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David T Breault
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael D Gershon
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
de Jesus LB, Frota AF, de Araújo FM, de Jesus RLC, Costa MDFD, de Vasconcelos DFSA, Gois MB, Baccan GC, da Silva VDA, Costa SL. Effect of the Flavonoid Rutin on the Modulation of the Myenteric Plexuses in an Experimental Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1037. [PMID: 38256111 PMCID: PMC10815896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries have shown that enteric glial cells play an important role in different neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), which is characterized by motor dysfunctions caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substance nigra pars compacta and non-motor symptoms including gastrointestinal dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the modulatory effects of the flavonoid rutin on the behavior and myenteric plexuses in a PD animal model and the response of enteric glia. Adult male Wistar rats were submitted to stereotaxic injection with 6-hydroxydopamine or saline, and they were untreated or treated with rutin (10 mg/kg) for 14 days. The ileum was collected to analyze tissue reactivity and immunohistochemistry for neurons (HuC/HuD) and enteric glial cells (S100β) in the myenteric plexuses. Behavioral tests demonstrated that treatment with rutin improved the motor capacity of parkinsonian animals and improved intestinal transit without interfering with the cell population; rutin treatment modulated the reactivity of the ileal musculature through muscarinic activation, reducing relaxation through the signaling pathway of nitric oxide donors, and increased the longitudinal contractility of the colon musculature in parkinsonian animals. Rutin revealed modulatory activities on the myenteric plexus, bringing relevant answers regarding the effect of the flavonoid in this system and the potential application of PD adjuvant treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Bacelar de Jesus
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (L.B.d.J.); (A.F.F.); (F.M.d.A.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Annyta Fernandes Frota
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (L.B.d.J.); (A.F.F.); (F.M.d.A.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Fillipe Mendes de Araújo
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (L.B.d.J.); (A.F.F.); (F.M.d.A.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Rafael Leonne Cruz de Jesus
- Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (R.L.C.d.J.); (D.F.S.A.d.V.)
| | - Maria de Fátima Dias Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (L.B.d.J.); (A.F.F.); (F.M.d.A.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
- National Institute for Translational Neurosciences (INCT/CNPq INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Biondaro Gois
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis 78736-900, MT, Brazil;
| | - Gyselle Chrystina Baccan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine-Immunology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil;
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (L.B.d.J.); (A.F.F.); (F.M.d.A.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (L.B.d.J.); (A.F.F.); (F.M.d.A.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
- National Institute for Translational Neurosciences (INCT/CNPq INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rajasekhar P, Carbone SE, Johnston ST, Nowell CJ, Wiklendt L, Crampin EJ, She Y, DiCello JJ, Saito A, Sorensen L, Nguyen T, Lee KM, Hamilton JA, King SK, Eriksson EM, Spencer NJ, Gulbransen BD, Veldhuis NA, Poole DP. TRPV4 is expressed by enteric glia and muscularis macrophages of the colon but does not play a prominent role in colonic motility. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.09.574831. [PMID: 38260314 PMCID: PMC10802399 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.09.574831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Mechanosensation is an important trigger of physiological processes in the gastrointestinal tract. Aberrant responses to mechanical input are associated with digestive disorders, including visceral hypersensitivity. Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a mechanosensory ion channel with proposed roles in visceral afferent signaling, intestinal inflammation, and gut motility. While TRPV4 is a potential therapeutic target for digestive disease, current mechanistic understanding of how TRPV4 may influence gut function is limited by inconsistent reports of TRPV4 expression and distribution. Methods In this study we profiled functional expression of TRPV4 using Ca2+ imaging of wholemount preparations of the mouse, monkey, and human intestine in combination with immunofluorescent labeling for established cellular markers. The involvement of TRPV4 in colonic motility was assessed in vitro using videomapping and contraction assays. Results The TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A evoked Ca2+ signaling in muscularis macrophages, enteric glia, and endothelial cells. TRPV4 specificity was confirmed using TRPV4 KO mouse tissue or antagonist pre-treatment. Calcium responses were not detected in other cell types required for neuromuscular signaling including enteric neurons, interstitial cells of Cajal, PDGFRα+ cells, and intestinal smooth muscle. TRPV4 activation led to rapid Ca2+ responses by a subpopulation of glial cells, followed by sustained Ca2+ signaling throughout the enteric glial network. Propagation of these waves was suppressed by inhibition of gap junctions or Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Coordinated glial signaling in response to GSK1016790A was also disrupted in acute TNBS colitis. The involvement of TRPV4 in the initiation and propagation of colonic motility patterns was examined in vitro. Conclusions We reveal a previously unappreciated role for TRPV4 in the initiation of distension-evoked colonic motility. These observations provide new insights into the functional role of TRPV4 activation in the gut, with important implications for how TRPV4 may influence critical processes including inflammatory signaling and motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Rajasekhar
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Centre for Dynamic Imaging, WEHI, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Simona E Carbone
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stuart T Johnston
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lukasz Wiklendt
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Edmund J Crampin
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yinghan She
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jesse J DiCello
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ayame Saito
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Luke Sorensen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kevin Mc Lee
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sebastian K King
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Surgical Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Emily M Eriksson
- Population Health and Immunity, WEHI, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nick J Spencer
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas A Veldhuis
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel P Poole
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Z, Sun H, Xu S, Wang H, Zhang Z, Wei Y, Kou Y, Wang Y. Dietary ingredient change induces a transient MyD88-dependent mucosal enteric glial cell response and promotes obesity. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:1183-1193. [PMID: 36342063 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2142129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consumption of a modern Western-type high-fat low-fiber diet increases the risk of obesity. However, how a host responds to such a diet, especially during the early period of dietary transition from a previous low-fat and fiber-rich diet, remains poorly explored. METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet. Enteric glial cell (EGC) activation was detected through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunoblotting and immunohistology analysis. Fluorocitrate or genetic deletion of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive glial-intrinsic myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) was used to inhibit EGC activation, and the effect of a high-fat diet on obesity was further investigated. The role of MYD88-dependent sensing of commensal products in adipocyte was observed to analyze the effect of obesity. RESULTS A dietary shift from a normal chow diet to a high-fat diet in mice induced a transient early-phase emergence of a GFAP-positive EGC network in the lamina propria of the ileum, accompanied with an increase in glial-derived neurotrophic factor production. Inhibition of glial cell activity blocked this response. GFAP-positive glial Myd88 knockout mice gained less body weight after high-fat diet (HFD) feeding than littermate controls. In contrast, adipocyte deletion of Myd88 in mice had no effect on weight gain but instead exacerbated glucose intolerance. Furthermore, short-term fluorocitrate intervention during HFD feeding attenuated body weight gain. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that EGCs are early responders to intestinal ecosystem changes and the GFAP-positive glial Myd88 signaling participates in regulating obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanzhuan Liu
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihong Xu
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanying Wang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Wei
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Kou
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Robinson BG, Oster BA, Robertson K, Kaltschmidt JA. Loss of ASD-related molecule Cntnap2 affects colonic motility in mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1287057. [PMID: 38027494 PMCID: PMC10665486 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1287057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are highly prevalent among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the molecular link between ASD and GI dysfunction remains poorly understood. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is critical for normal GI motility and has been shown to be altered in mouse models of ASD and other neurological disorders. Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Cntnap2) is an ASD-related synaptic cell-adhesion molecule important for sensory processing. In this study, we examine the role of Cntnap2 in GI motility by characterizing Cntnap2's expression in the ENS and assessing GI function in Cntnap2 mutant mice. We find Cntnap2 expression predominately in enteric sensory neurons. We further assess in vivo and ex vivo GI motility in Cntnap2 mutants and show altered transit time and colonic motility patterns. The overall organization of the ENS appears undisturbed. Our results suggest that Cntnap2 plays a role in GI function and may provide a molecular link between ASD and GI dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz G. Robinson
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Neurosciences IDP Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Beau A. Oster
- Nevada ENDURE Program, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Keiramarie Robertson
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Neurosciences IDP Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Julia A. Kaltschmidt
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Glial cells in the gut are specialized to fine-tune intestinal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Scavuzzo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jacobs-Li J, Tang W, Li C, Bronner ME. Single-cell profiling coupled with lineage analysis reveals vagal and sacral neural crest contributions to the developing enteric nervous system. eLife 2023; 12:e79156. [PMID: 37877560 PMCID: PMC10627514 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, much of the enteric nervous system (ENS) arises from the vagal neural crest that emerges from the caudal hindbrain and colonizes the entire gastrointestinal tract. However, a second ENS contribution comes from the sacral neural crest that arises in the caudal neural tube and populates the post-umbilical gut. By coupling single-cell transcriptomics with axial-level-specific lineage tracing in avian embryos, we compared the contributions of embryonic vagal and sacral neural crest cells to the chick ENS and the associated peripheral ganglia (Nerve of Remak and pelvic plexuses). At embryonic day (E) 10, the two neural crest populations form overlapping subsets of neuronal and glia cell types. Surprisingly, the post-umbilical vagal neural crest much more closely resembles the sacral neural crest than the pre-umbilical vagal neural crest. However, some differences in cluster types were noted between vagal and sacral derived cells. Notably, RNA trajectory analysis suggests that the vagal neural crest maintains a neuronal/glial progenitor pool, whereas this cluster is depleted in the E10 sacral neural crest which instead has numerous enteric glia. The present findings reveal sacral neural crest contributions to the hindgut and associated peripheral ganglia and highlight the potential influence of the local environment and/or developmental timing in differentiation of neural crest-derived cells in the developing ENS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jacobs-Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Weiyi Tang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Can Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mazzotta E, Grants I, Villalobos-Hernandez E, Chaudhuri S, McClain JL, Seguella L, Kendig DM, Blakeney BA, Murthy SK, Schneider R, Leven P, Wehner S, Harzman A, Grider JR, Gulbransen BD, Christofi FL. BQ788 reveals glial ET B receptor modulation of neuronal cholinergic and nitrergic pathways to inhibit intestinal motility: Linked to postoperative ileus. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2550-2576. [PMID: 37198101 PMCID: PMC11085045 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ET-1 signalling modulates intestinal motility and inflammation, but the role of ET-1/ETB receptor signalling is poorly understood. Enteric glia modulate normal motility and inflammation. We investigated whether glial ETB signalling regulates neural-motor pathways of intestinal motility and inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We studied ETB signalling using: ETB drugs (ET-1, SaTX, BQ788), activity-dependent stimulation of neurons (high K+ -depolarization, EFS), gliotoxins, Tg (Ednrb-EGFP)EP59Gsat/Mmucd mice, cell-specific mRNA in Sox10CreERT2 ;Rpl22-HAflx or ChATCre ;Rpl22-HAflx mice, Sox10CreERT2 ::GCaMP5g-tdT, Wnt1Cre2 ::GCaMP5g-tdT mice, muscle tension recordings, fluid-induced peristalsis, ET-1 expression, qPCR, western blots, 3-D LSM-immunofluorescence co-labelling studies in LMMP-CM and a postoperative ileus (POI) model of intestinal inflammation. KEY RESULTS In the muscularis externa ETB receptor is expressed exclusively in glia. ET-1 is expressed in RiboTag (ChAT)-neurons, isolated ganglia and intra-ganglionic varicose-nerve fibres co-labelled with peripherin or SP. ET-1 release provides activity-dependent glial ETB receptor modulation of Ca2+ waves in neural evoked glial responses. BQ788 reveals amplification of glial and neuronal Ca2+ responses and excitatory cholinergic contractions, sensitive to L-NAME. Gliotoxins disrupt SaTX-induced glial-Ca2+ waves and prevent BQ788 amplification of contractions. The ETB receptor is linked to inhibition of contractions and peristalsis. Inflammation causes glial ETB up-regulation, SaTX-hypersensitivity and glial amplification of ETB signalling. In vivo BQ788 (i.p., 1 mg·kg-1 ) attenuates intestinal inflammation in POI. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Enteric glial ET-1/ETB signalling provides dual modulation of neural-motor circuits to inhibit motility. It inhibits excitatory cholinergic and stimulates inhibitory nitrergic motor pathways. Amplification of glial ETB receptors is linked to muscularis externa inflammation and possibly pathogenic mechanisms of POI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvio Mazzotta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Iveta Grants
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Samhita Chaudhuri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathon L McClain
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Derek M Kendig
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Bryan A Blakeney
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Srinivasa K Murthy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Patrick Leven
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Wehner
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alan Harzman
- Department of GI Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John R Grider
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Brian D Gulbransen
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Fedias L Christofi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zogg H, Singh R, Ha SE, Wang Z, Jin B, Ha M, Dafinone M, Batalon T, Hoberg N, Poudrier S, Nguyen L, Yan W, Layden BT, Dugas LR, Sanders KM, Ro S. miR-10b-5p rescues leaky gut linked with gastrointestinal dysmotility and diabetes. United European Gastroenterol J 2023; 11:750-766. [PMID: 37723933 PMCID: PMC10576606 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Diabetes has substantive co-occurrence with disorders of gut-brain interactions (DGBIs). The pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms linking diabetes and DGBIs are unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of diabetes and gut dysmotility. We investigated whether impaired gut barrier function is regulated by a key miRNA, miR-10b-5p, linking diabetes and gut dysmotility. METHODS We created a new mouse line using the Mb3Cas12a/Mb3Cpf1 endonuclease to delete mir-10b globally. Loss of function studies in the mir-10b knockout (KO) mice were conducted to characterize diabetes, gut dysmotility, and gut barrier dysfunction phenotypes in these mice. Gain of function studies were conducted by injecting these mir-10b KO mice with a miR-10b-5p mimic. Further, we performed miRNA-sequencing analysis from colonic mucosa from mir-10b KO, wild type, and miR-10b-5p mimic injected mice to confirm (1) deficiency of miR-10b-5p in KO mice, and (2) restoration of miR-10b-5p after the mimic injection. RESULTS Congenital loss of mir-10b in mice led to the development of hyperglycemia, gut dysmotility, and gut barrier dysfunction. Gut permeability was increased, but expression of the tight junction protein Zonula occludens-1 was reduced in the colon of mir-10b KO mice. Patients with diabetes or constipation- predominant irritable bowel syndrome, a known DGBI that is linked to leaky gut, had significantly reduced miR-10b-5p expression. Injection of a miR-10b-5p mimic in mir-10b KO mice rescued these molecular alterations and phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovered a potential pathophysiologic mechanism of gut barrier dysfunction that links both the diabetes and gut dysmotility phenotypes in mice lacking miR-10b-5p. Treatment with a miR-10b-5p mimic reversed the leaky gut, diabetic, and gut dysmotility phenotypes, highlighting the translational potential of the miR-10b-5p mimic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Zogg
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Rajan Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Se Eun Ha
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Zhuqing Wang
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Byungchang Jin
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Mariah Ha
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Mirabel Dafinone
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Tylar Batalon
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Nicholas Hoberg
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Sandra Poudrier
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Linda Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology & HepatologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineThe University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Lara R. Dugas
- Loyola University ChicagoPublic Health SciencesMaywoodIllinoisUSA
- Division of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Kenton M. Sanders
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
- RosVivo TherapeuticsApplied Research FacilityRenoNevadaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mariant CL, Bacola G, Van Landeghem L. Mini-Review: Enteric glia of the tumor microenvironment: An affair of corruption. Neurosci Lett 2023; 814:137416. [PMID: 37572875 PMCID: PMC10967235 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment corresponds to a complex mixture of bioactive products released by local and recruited cells whose normal functions have been "corrupted" by cues originating from the tumor, mostly to favor cancer growth, dissemination and resistance to therapies. While the immune and the mesenchymal cellular components of the tumor microenvironment in colon cancer have been under intense scrutiny over the last two decades, the influence of the resident neural cells of the gut on colon carcinogenesis has only very recently begun to draw attention. The vast majority of the resident neural cells of the gastrointestinal tract belong to the enteric nervous system and correspond to enteric neurons and enteric glial cells, both of which have been understudied in the context of colon cancer development and progression. In this review, we especially discuss available evidence on enteric glia impact on colon carcinogenesis. To highlight "corrupted" functioning in enteric glial cells of the tumor microenvironment and its repercussion on tumorigenesis, we first review the main regulatory effects of enteric glial cells on the intestinal epithelium in homeostatic conditions and we next present current knowledge on enteric glia influence on colon tumorigenesis. We particularly examine how enteric glial cell heterogeneity and plasticity require further appreciation to better understand the distinct regulatory interactions enteric glial cell subtypes engage with the various cell types of the tumor, and to identify novel biological targets to block enteric glia pro-carcinogenic signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe L Mariant
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Gregory Bacola
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Laurianne Van Landeghem
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bubeck M, Becker C, Patankar JV. Guardians of the gut: influence of the enteric nervous system on the intestinal epithelial barrier. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1228938. [PMID: 37692784 PMCID: PMC10485265 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1228938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal surface forms one of the largest areas of the body, which is in direct contact with the environment. Co-ordinated sensory functions of immune, epithelial, and neuronal cells ensure the timely detection of noxious queues and potential pathogens and elicit proportional responses to mitigate the threats and maintain homeostasis. Such tuning and maintenance of the epithelial barrier is constantly ongoing during homeostasis and its derangement can become a gateway for systemic consequences. Although efforts in understanding the gatekeeping functions of immune cells have led the way, increasing number of studies point to a crucial role of the enteric nervous system in fine-tuning and maintaining this delicate homeostasis. The identification of immune regulatory functions of enteric neuropeptides and glial-derived factors is still in its infancy, but has already yielded several intriguing insights into their important contribution to the tight control of the mucosal barrier. In this review, we will first introduce the reader to the current understanding of the architecture of the enteric nervous system and the epithelial barrier. Next, we discuss the key discoveries and cellular pathways and mediators that have emerged as links between the enteric nervous, immune, and epithelial systems and how their coordinated actions defend against intestinal infectious and inflammatory diseases. Through this review, the readers will gain a sound understanding of the current neuro-immune-epithelial mechanisms ensuring intestinal barrier integrity and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Bubeck
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jay V. Patankar
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sanchini G, Vaes N, Boesmans W. Mini-review: Enteric glial cell heterogeneity: Is it all about the niche? Neurosci Lett 2023; 812:137396. [PMID: 37442521 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Enteric glial cells represent the enteric population of peripheral glia. According to their 'glial' nature, their principal function is to support enteric neurons in both structural and functional ways. Mounting evidence however demonstrates that enteric glial cells crucially contribute to the majority of enteric nervous system functions, thus acting as pivotal players in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. Various types of enteric glia are present within the gut wall, creating an intricate interaction network with other gastrointestinal cell types. Their distribution throughout the different layers of the gut wall translates in characteristic phenotypes that are tailored to the local tissue requirements of the digestive tract. This heterogeneity is assumed to be mirrored by functional specialization, but the extensive plasticity and versatility of enteric glial cells complicates a one on one phenotype/function definition. Moreover, the relative contribution of niche-specific signals versus lineage determinants for driving enteric glial heterogeneity is still uncertain. In this review we focus on the current understanding of phenotypic and functional enteric glial cell heterogeneity, from a microenvironmental and developmental perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sanchini
- Enteric Neurobiology Lab, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Vaes
- Enteric Neurobiology Lab, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Werend Boesmans
- Enteric Neurobiology Lab, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Le Berre C, Naveilhan P, Rolli-Derkinderen M. Enteric glia at center stage of inflammatory bowel disease. Neurosci Lett 2023; 809:137315. [PMID: 37257681 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although our understanding of the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing, the expanding body of knowledge does not simplify the equation but rather reveals diverse, interconnected, and complex mechanisms in IBD. In addition to immune overactivation, defects in intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) functioning, dysbiosis, and structural and functional abnormalities of the enteric nervous system are emerging as new elements contributing to the development of IBD. In addition to molecular changes in IBD, enteric glia from patients with Crohn's disease (CD) exhibits the inability to strengthen the IEB; these defects are not observed in patients with ulcerative colitis. In addition, there is a growing body of work describing that enteric glia interacts with not only enterocytes and enteric neurons but also other local cellular neighbours. Thus, because of their functions as connectors and regulators of immune cells, IEB, and microbiota, enteric glia could be the keystone of digestive homeostasis that is lacking in patients with CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Le Berre
- Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie et Assistance Nutritionnelle, Inserm CIC 1413, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif (IMAD), CHU Nantes, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, F-44000 Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, IMAD, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Naveilhan
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, IMAD, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, IMAD, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Scavuzzo MA, Letai KC, Maeno-Hikichi Y, Wulftange WJ, Shah IK, Rameshbabu JS, Tomar A, Shick HE, Shah AK, Xiong Y, Cohn EF, Allan KC, Tesar PJ. Enteric glial hub cells coordinate intestinal motility. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.07.544052. [PMID: 37333182 PMCID: PMC10274798 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.07.544052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Enteric glia are the predominant cell type in the enteric nervous system yet their identities and roles in gastrointestinal function are not well classified. Using our optimized single nucleus RNA-sequencing method, we identified distinct molecular classes of enteric glia and defined their morphological and spatial diversity. Our findings revealed a functionally specialized biosensor subtype of enteric glia that we call "hub cells." Deletion of the mechanosensory ion channel PIEZO2 from adult enteric glial hub cells, but not other subtypes of enteric glia, led to defects in intestinal motility and gastric emptying in mice. These results provide insight into the multifaceted functions of different enteric glial cell subtypes in gut health and emphasize that therapies targeting enteric glia could advance the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A. Scavuzzo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Katherine C. Letai
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Yuka Maeno-Hikichi
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - William J. Wulftange
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Isha K. Shah
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Jeyashri S. Rameshbabu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Alka Tomar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - H. Elizabeth Shick
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Aakash K. Shah
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Erin F. Cohn
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Kevin C. Allan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Paul J. Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Thomasi B, Gulbransen B. Mini-review: Intercellular communication between enteric glia and neurons. Neurosci Lett 2023; 806:137263. [PMID: 37085112 PMCID: PMC10150911 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system is a dense network of enteric neurons and glia housed in the gastrointestinal tract. This system is responsible for performing several functions that enable digestion as well as maintaining gut homeostasis through diverse signaling processes including those that arise from interactions with the immune system. Bidirectional communication between enteric neurons and enteric glia has gained increased attention for playing essential roles in enteric nervous system function. Neuronal mediators such as neurotransmitters stimulate enteric glia and subsequent gliotransmission processes refine neuronal signaling during intestinal motor control. In this mini-review, we present and discuss the basis of intercellular signaling between neurons and glia in the enteric nervous system and the relevance of these interactions to gut function.
Collapse
|
31
|
Patyal P, Fil D, Wight PA. Plp1 in the enteric nervous system is preferentially expressed during early postnatal development in mouse as DM20, whose expression appears reliant on an intronic enhancer. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1175614. [PMID: 37293625 PMCID: PMC10244531 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1175614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the myelin proteolipid protein gene (Plp1) was shown to be expressed in the glia of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in mouse. However, beyond this, not much is known about its expression in the intestine. To address this matter, we investigated Plp1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in the intestine of mice at different ages (postnatal days 2, 9, 21, and 88). In this study, we show that Plp1 expression preferentially occurs during early postnatal development, primarily as the DM20 isoform. Western blot analysis indicated that DM20 migrated according to its formula weight when isolated from the intestine. However, mobilities of both PLP and DM20 were faster than expected when procured from the brain. The 6.2hPLP(+)Z/FL transgene, which uses the first half of the human PLP1 gene to drive expression of a lacZ reporter gene, recapitulated the developmental pattern observed with the native gene in the intestine, indicating that it can be used as a proxy for Plp1 gene expression. As such, the relative levels of β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity emanating from the 6.2hPLP(+)Z/FL transgene suggest that Plp1 expression is highest in the duodenum, and decreases successively along the segments, toward the colon. Moreover, removal of the wmN1 enhancer region from the transgene (located within Plp1 intron 1) resulted in a dramatic reduction in both transgene mRNA levels and β-gal activity in the intestine, throughout development, suggesting that this region contains a regulatory element crucial for Plp1 expression. This is consistent with earlier studies in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, indicating that it may be a common (if not universal) means by which Plp1 gene expression is governed.
Collapse
|
32
|
Drapkina OM, Lazebnik LB, Bakulin IG, Skazyvaeva EV, Bakulina NV, Sitkin SI, Skalinskaya MI, Zhuravleva MS, Avalueva EB, Livzan MA, Bordin DS, Khavkin AI. Colonic diverticular disease: clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention Clinical guidelines of the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine, the Gastroenterological Scientific Society of Russia, and the North- West Society of Gastroenterologists and Hepatologists. EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 2023:33-69. [DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-210-2-33-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Clinical guidelines are intended for gastroenterologists, internists, and general practitioners and focus primarily on the management of patients with symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease, as well as on the primary and secondary prevention of acute diverticulitis and other complications of diverticular disease. Clinical guidelines were developed by the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine, the Gastroenterological Scientifi c Society of Russia, and the North-West Society of Gastroenterologists and Hepatologists. One of the reasons for creating new clinical guidelines is that the current guidelines on diverticular disease (2021) pay much more attention to complications of diverticular disease and surgical treatment of acute and chronic complications of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine Russian Federation
| | - L. B. Lazebnik
- A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Russian Federation
| | - I. G. Bakulin
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov Russian Federation
| | - E. V. Skazyvaeva
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov Russian Federation
| | - N. V. Bakulina
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov Russian Federation
| | - S. I. Sitkin
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov; Almazov National Medical Research Centre
| | - M. I. Skalinskaya
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov Russian Federation
| | - M. S. Zhuravleva
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov Russian Federation
| | - E. B. Avalueva
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov Russian Federation
| | | | - D. S. Bordin
- A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Russian Federation; Moscow Clinical Scientific Center named after Loginov
| | - A. I. Khavkin
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Drapkina OM, Lazebnik LB, Bakulin IG, Skazyvaeva EV, Bakulina NV, Sitkin SI, Skalinskaya MI, Zhuravleva MS, Avalueva EB, Livzan MA, Bordin DS, Khavkin AI. Colonic diverticular disease: clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention Clinical guidelines of the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine, the Gastroenterological Scientific Society of Russia, and the North- West Society of Gastroenterologists and Hepatologists. EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 2023:33-69. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-210-2-33-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical guidelines are intended for gastroenterologists, internists, and general practitioners and focus primarily on the management of patients with symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease, as well as on the primary and secondary prevention of acute diverticulitis and other complications of diverticular disease. Clinical guidelines were developed by the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine, the Gastroenterological Scientifi c Society of Russia, and the North-West Society of Gastroenterologists and Hepatologists. One of the reasons for creating new clinical guidelines is that the current guidelines on diverticular disease (2021) pay much more attention to complications of diverticular disease and surgical treatment of acute and chronic complications of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine Russian Federation
| | - L. B. Lazebnik
- A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Russian Federation
| | - I. G. Bakulin
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov Russian Federation
| | - E. V. Skazyvaeva
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov Russian Federation
| | - N. V. Bakulina
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov Russian Federation
| | - S. I. Sitkin
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov; Almazov National Medical Research Centre
| | - M. I. Skalinskaya
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov Russian Federation
| | - M. S. Zhuravleva
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov Russian Federation
| | - E. B. Avalueva
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov Russian Federation
| | | | - D. S. Bordin
- A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Russian Federation; Moscow Clinical Scientific Center named after Loginov
| | - A. I. Khavkin
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Prochera A, Rao M. Mini-Review: Enteric glial regulation of the gastrointestinal epithelium. Neurosci Lett 2023; 805:137215. [PMID: 37001854 PMCID: PMC10125724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Many enteric glia are located along nerve fibers in the gut mucosa where they form close associations with the epithelium lining the gastrointestinal tract. The gut epithelium is essential for absorbing nutrients, regulating fluid flux, forming a physical barrier to prevent the entry of pathogens and toxins into the host, and participating in immune responses. Disruptions to this epithelium are linked to numerous diseases, highlighting its central importance in maintaining health. Accumulating evidence indicates that glia regulate gut epithelial homeostasis. Observations from glial-epithelial co-cultures in vitro and mouse genetic models in vivo suggest that enteric glia influence several important features of the gut epithelium including barrier integrity, ion transport, and capacity for self-renewal. Here we review the evidence for enteric glial regulation of the intestinal epithelium, with a focus on these three features of its biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Prochera
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sharkey KA, Mawe GM. The enteric nervous system. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1487-1564. [PMID: 36521049 PMCID: PMC9970663 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Of all the organ systems in the body, the gastrointestinal tract is the most complicated in terms of the numbers of structures involved, each with different functions, and the numbers and types of signaling molecules utilized. The digestion of food and absorption of nutrients, electrolytes, and water occurs in a hostile luminal environment that contains a large and diverse microbiota. At the core of regulatory control of the digestive and defensive functions of the gastrointestinal tract is the enteric nervous system (ENS), a complex system of neurons and glia in the gut wall. In this review, we discuss 1) the intrinsic neural control of gut functions involved in digestion and 2) how the ENS interacts with the immune system, gut microbiota, and epithelium to maintain mucosal defense and barrier function. We highlight developments that have revolutionized our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of enteric neural control. These include a new understanding of the molecular architecture of the ENS, the organization and function of enteric motor circuits, and the roles of enteric glia. We explore the transduction of luminal stimuli by enteroendocrine cells, the regulation of intestinal barrier function by enteric neurons and glia, local immune control by the ENS, and the role of the gut microbiota in regulating the structure and function of the ENS. Multifunctional enteric neurons work together with enteric glial cells, macrophages, interstitial cells, and enteroendocrine cells integrating an array of signals to initiate outputs that are precisely regulated in space and time to control digestion and intestinal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary M Mawe
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Claudino Dos Santos JC, Lima MPP, Brito GADC, Viana GSDB. Role of enteric glia and microbiota-gut-brain axis in parkinson disease pathogenesis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101812. [PMID: 36455790 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis or simple gut-brain axis (GBA) is a complex and interactive bidirectional communication network linking the gut to the brain. Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome have been linked to GBA dysfunction, central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, and dopaminergic degeneration, as those occurring in Parkinson's disease (PD). Besides inflammation, the activation of brain microglia is known to play a central role in the damage of dopaminergic neurons. Inflammation is attributed to the toxic effect of aggregated α-synuclein, in the brain of PD patients. It has been suggested that the α-synuclein misfolding might begin in the gut and spread "prion-like", via the vagus nerve into the lower brainstem and ultimately to the midbrain, known as the Braak hypothesis. In this review, we discuss how the microbiota-gut-brain axis and environmental influences interact with the immune system to promote a pro-inflammatory state that is involved in the initiation and progression of misfolded α-synuclein proteins and the beginning of the early non-motor symptoms of PD. Furthermore, we describe a speculative bidirectional model that explains how the enteric glia is involved in the initiation and spreading of inflammation, epithelial barrier disruption, and α-synuclein misfolding, finally reaching the central nervous system and contributing to neuroinflammatory processes involved with the initial non-motor symptoms of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlio César Claudino Dos Santos
- Medical School of the Christus University Center - UNICHRISTUS, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | | | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department of the Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Morphology Department of the Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Woods C, Flockton AR, Wallace LE, Keenan CM, Macklin WB, Sharkey KA, Belkind-Gerson J. Proteolipid protein 1 is involved in the regulation of intestinal motility and barrier function in the mouse. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G115-G130. [PMID: 36511517 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00171.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Proteolipid protein 1 (Plp1) is highly expressed in enteric glia, labeling cells throughout the mucosa, muscularis, and the extrinsic innervation. Plp1 is a major constituent of myelin in the central and peripheral nervous systems, but the absence of myelin in the enteric nervous system (ENS) suggests another role for Plp1 in the gut. Although the functions of enteric glia are still being established, there is strong evidence that they regulate intestinal motility and permeability. To interrogate the role of Plp1 in enteric glia, we investigated gut motility, secretomotor function and permeability, and evaluated the ENS in mice lacking Plp1. We studied two time points: ∼3 mo (young) and >1 yr (old). Old Plp1 null mice exhibited increased fecal output, decreased fecal water content, faster whole gut transit times, reduced intestinal permeability, and faster colonic migrating motor complexes. Interestingly, in both young and old mice, the ENS exhibited normal glial and neuronal numbers as well as glial arborization density in the absence of Plp1. As Plp1-associated functions involve mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Mapk/Erk1/2) signaling and Mapk/Erk1/2 are reported to have a regulatory role in intestinal motility, we measured protein expression of Erk1/2 and its active form in the small intestine. Old Plp1 null mice had reduced levels of phosphorylated-Erk1/2. Although Plp1 is not required for the normal appearance of enteric glial cells, it has a regulatory role in intestinal motility and barrier function. Our results suggest that functional changes mediated by Plp1-expressing enteric glia may involve Erk1/2 activation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we describe that Plp1 regulates gut motility and barrier function. The functional effects of Plp1 eradication are only seen in old mice, not young. The effects of Plp1 appear to be mediated through the Erk1/2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Woods
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amanda R Flockton
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laurie E Wallace
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine M Keenan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wendy B Macklin
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaime Belkind-Gerson
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.,Neurogastroenterology and Motility Program, Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lobo B, Tramullas M, Finger BC, Lomasney KW, Beltran C, Clarke G, Santos J, Hyland NP, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. The Stressed Gut: Region-specific Immune and Neuroplasticity Changes in Response to Chronic Psychosocial Stress. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 29:72-84. [PMID: 36606438 PMCID: PMC9837549 DOI: 10.5056/jnm22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Chronic psychological stress affects gastrointestinal physiology which may underpin alterations in the immune response and epithelial transport, both functions are partly regulated by enteric nervous system. However, its effects on enteric neuroplasticity are still unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of chronic unpredictable psychological stress on intestinal motility and prominent markers of enteric function. Methods Adult male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 19 day of unpredictable stress protocol schedule of social defeat and overcrowding. We investigated the effects on plasma corticosterone, food intake, and body weight. In vivo gastrointestinal motility was assessed by fecal pellet output and by whole-gastrointestinal transit (using the carmine red method). Tissue monoamine level, neural and glial markers, neurotrophic factors, monoamine signaling, and Toll-like receptor expression in the proximal and distal colon, and terminal ileum were also assessed. Results Following chronic unpredictable psychological stress, stressed mice showed increased food intake and body weight gain (P < 0.001), and reduced corticosterone levels (P < 0.05) compared to control mice. Stressed mice had reduced stool output without differences in water content, and showed a delayed gastrointestinal transit compared to control mice (P < 0.05). Stressed mice exhibited decreased mRNA expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (Th), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf), as well as Toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2) compared to control (P < 0.05), only proximal colon. These molecular changes in proximal colon were associated with higher levels of monoamines in tissue. Conclusion Unpredictable psychological chronic stress induces region-specific impairment in monoamine levels and neuroplasticity markers that may relate to delayed intestinal transit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lobo
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland,Digestive System Research Unit, Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron Barcelona, Spain,Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,Correspondence: Beatriz Lobo, PhD, MD, Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases Research Unit. Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain, Tel: +34-93-489-4035, E-mail:
| | - Mónica Tramullas
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland,Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain (Current address)
| | - Beate-C Finger
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Kevin W Lomasney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland,Departments of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Caroll Beltran
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland,Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Faculty of Medicine Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Javier Santos
- Digestive System Research Unit, Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron Barcelona, Spain,Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Niall P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland,Departments of Physiology, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland,Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland,Departments of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland,John F Cryan, PhD, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, room 3.86 Western Gateway Building, Ireland, Fax: +353-0214205497, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Schwann cell functions in peripheral nerve development and repair. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105952. [PMID: 36493976 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The glial cell of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the Schwann cell (SC), counts among the most multifaceted cells of the body. During development, SCs secure neuronal survival and participate in axonal path finding. Simultaneously, they orchestrate the architectural set up of the developing nerves, including the blood vessels and the endo-, peri- and epineurial layers. Perinatally, in rodents, SCs radially sort and subsequently myelinate individual axons larger than 1 μm in diameter, while small calibre axons become organised in non-myelinating Remak bundles. SCs have a vital role in maintaining axonal health throughout life and several specialized SC types perform essential functions at specific locations, such as terminal SC at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) or SC within cutaneous sensory end organs. In addition, neural crest derived satellite glia maintain a tight communication with the soma of sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic neurons and neural crest derivatives are furthermore an indispensable part of the enteric nervous system. The remarkable plasticity of SCs becomes evident in the context of a nerve injury, where SC transdifferentiate into intriguing repair cells, which orchestrate a regenerative response that promotes nerve repair. Indeed, the multiple adaptations of SCs are captivating, but remain often ill-resolved on the molecular level. Here, we summarize and discuss the knowns and unknowns of the vast array of functions that this single cell type can cover in peripheral nervous system development, maintenance, and repair.
Collapse
|
40
|
Cheng B, Du M, He S, Yang L, Wang X, Gao H, Chang H, Gao W, Li Y, Wang Q, Li Y. Inhibition of platelet activation suppresses reactive enteric glia and mitigates intestinal barrier dysfunction during sepsis. Mol Med 2022; 28:137. [PMID: 36401163 PMCID: PMC9673322 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal barrier dysfunction, which is associated with reactive enteric glia cells (EGCs), is not only a result of early sepsis but also a cause of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Inhibition of platelet activation has been proposed as a potential treatment for septic patients because of its efficacy in ameliorating the organ damage and barrier dysfunction. During platelet activation, CD40L is translocated from α granules to the platelet surface, serving as a biomarker of platelet activation a reliable predictor of sepsis prognosis. Given that more than 95% of the circulating CD40L originate from activated platelets, the present study aimed to investigate if inhibiting platelet activation mitigates intestinal barrier dysfunction is associated with suppressing reactive EGCs and its underlying mechanism. Methods Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was performed to establish the sepsis model. 24 h after CLP, the proportion of activated platelets, the level of sCD40L, the expression of tight-junction proteins, the intestinal barrier function and histological damage of septic mice were analyzed. In vitro, primary cultured EGCs were stimulated by CD40L and LPS for 24 h and EGCs-conditioned medium were collected for Caco-2 cells treatment. The expression of tight-junction proteins and transepithelial electrical resistance of Caco-2 cell were evaluated. Results In vivo, inhibiting platelet activation with cilostazol mitigated the intestinal barrier dysfunction, increased the expression of ZO-1 and occludin and improved the survival rate of septic mice. The efficacy was associated with reduced CD40L+ platelets proportion, decreased sCD40L concentration, and suppressed the activation of EGCs. Comparable results were observed upon treatment with compound 6877002, a blocker of CD40L-CD40-TRAF6 signaling pathway. Also, S-nitrosoglutathione supplement reduced intestinal damage both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, CD40L increased release of TNF-α and IL-1β while suppressed the release of S-nitrosoglutathione from EGCs. These EGCs-conditioned medium reduced the expression of ZO-1 and occludin on Caco-2 cells and their transepithelial electrical resistance, which could be reversed by CD40-siRNA and TRAF6-siRNA transfection on EGCs. Conclusions The inhibition of platelet activation is related to the suppression of CD40L-CD40-TRAF6 signaling pathway and the reduction of EGCs activation, which promotes intestinal barrier function and survival in sepsis mice. These results might provide a potential therapeutic strategy and a promising target for sepsis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00562-w.
Collapse
|
41
|
Functional Intraregional and Interregional Heterogeneity between Myenteric Glial Cells of the Colon and Duodenum in Mice. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8694-8708. [PMID: 36319118 PMCID: PMC9671584 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2379-20.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric glia are a unique population of peripheral neuroglia that regulate homeostasis in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and intestinal functions. Despite existing in functionally diverse regions of the gastrointestinal tract, enteric glia have been approached scientifically as a homogeneous group of cells. This assumption is at odds with the functional specializations of gastrointestinal organs and recent data suggesting glial heterogeneity in the brain and ENS. Here, we used calcium imaging in transgenic mice of both sexes expressing genetically encoded calcium sensors in enteric glia and conducted contractility studies to investigate functional diversity among myenteric glia in two functionally distinct intestinal organs: the duodenum and the colon. Our data show that myenteric glia exhibit regionally distinct responses to neuromodulators that require intercellular communication with neurons to differing extents in the duodenum and colon. Glia regulate intestinal contractility in a region-specific and pathway-specific manner, which suggests regionally diverse engagement of enteric glia in local motor patterns through discrete signaling pathways. Further, functional response profiles delineate four unique subpopulations among myenteric glia that are differentially distributed between the colon and duodenum. Our findings support the conclusion that myenteric glia exhibit both intraregional and interregional heterogeneity that contributes to region-specific mechanisms that regulate digestive functions. Glial heterogeneity adds an unexpected layer of complexity in peripheral neurocircuits, and understanding the specific functions of specialized glial subtypes will provide new insight into ENS physiology and pathophysiology.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Enteric glia modulate gastrointestinal functions through intercellular communication with enteric neurons. Whether heterogeneity exists among neuron-glia interactions in the digestive tract is not understood. Here, we show that myenteric glia display regional heterogeneity in their responses to neuromodulators in the duodenum and the colon, which are functionally distinct organs. Glial-mediated control of intestinal motility is region and pathway specific. Four myenteric glial subtypes are present within a given gut region that are differently distributed between gut regions. These data provide functional and regional insights into enteric circuit specificity in the adult enteric nervous system.
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen W, Liao L, Huang Z, Lu Y, Lin Y, Pei Y, Yi S, Huang C, Cao H, Tan B. Patchouli alcohol improved diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by regulating excitatory neurotransmission in the myenteric plexus of rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:943119. [PMID: 36452228 PMCID: PMC9703083 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.943119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is usually associated with chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Its most common subtype is accompanied with diarrhea (IBS-D). The enteric nervous system (ENS) modulates major gastrointestinal motility and functions whose aberration may induce IBS-D. The enteric neurons are susceptible to long-term neurotransmitter level alterations. The patchouli alcohol (PA), extracted from Pogostemonis Herba, has been reported to regulate neurotransmitter release in the ENS, while its effectiveness against IBS-D and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. Experimental Approach: In this study, we established an IBS-D model in rats through chronic restraint stress. We administered the rats with 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg of PA for intestinal and visceral examinations. The longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus (LMMP) neurons were further immunohistochemically stained for quantitative, morphological, and neurotransmitters analyses. Key Results: We found that PA decreased visceral sensitivity, diarrhea symptoms and intestinal transit in the IBS-D rats. Meanwhile, 10 and 20 mg/kg of PA significantly reduced the proportion of excitatory LMMP neurons in the distal colon, decreased the number of acetylcholine (Ach)- and substance P (SP)-positive neurons in the distal colon and restored the levels of Ach and SP in the IBS-D rats. Conclusion and Implications: These findings indicated that PA modulated LMMP excitatory neuron activities, improved intestinal motility and alleviated IBS-induced diarrheal symptoms, suggesting the potential therapeutic efficacy of PA against IBS-D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Chen
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Liao
- Shenzhen Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zitong Huang
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Lu
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukang Lin
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicines, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Pei
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shulin Yi
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Beanland BT, McNeill EP, Sequeira DJ, Xue H, Shroyer NF, Speer AL. Investigation of murine host sex as a biological variable in epithelial barrier function and muscle contractility in human intestinal organoids. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22613. [PMID: 36250916 PMCID: PMC9645459 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101740rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal failure (IF) occurs when intestinal surface area or function is not sufficient to support digestion and nutrient absorption. Human intestinal organoid (HIO)-derived tissue-engineered intestine is a potential cure for IF. Research to date has demonstrated successful HIO transplantation (tHIO) into mice with significant in vivo maturation. An area lacking in the literature is exploration of murine host sex as a biological variable (SABV) in tHIO function. In this study, we investigate murine host SABV in tHIO epithelial barrier function and muscle contractility. HIOs were generated in vitro and transplanted into nonobese diabetic, severe combined immunodeficiency gamma chain deficient male and female mice. tHIOs were harvested after 8-12 weeks in vivo. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were conducted to compare tight junctions and contractility-related markers in tHIOs. An Ussing chamber and contractility apparatus were used to evaluate tHIO epithelial barrier and muscle contractile function, respectively. The expression and morphology of tight junction and contractility-related markers from tHIOs in male and female murine hosts is not significantly different. Epithelial barrier function as measured by transepithelial resistance, short circuit current, and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran permeability is no different in tHIOs from male and female hosts, although these results may be limited by HIO epithelial immaturity and a short flux time. Muscle contractility as measured by total contractile activity, amplitude, frequency, and tension is not significantly different in tHIOs from male and female hosts. The data suggest that murine host sex may not be a significant biological variable influencing tHIO function, specifically epithelial barrier maintenance and muscle contractility, though limitations exist in our model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke T. Beanland
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eoin P. McNeill
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David J. Sequeira
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hasen Xue
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Noah F. Shroyer
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Allison L. Speer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cheng B, Du M, He S, Yang L, Wang X, Gao H, Chang H, Gao W, Li Y, Wang Q, Li Y. Inhibition of platelet activation suppresses reactive enteric glia and mitigates intestinal barrier dysfunction during sepsis. Mol Med 2022; 28:127. [PMID: 36303116 PMCID: PMC9615156 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal barrier dysfunction, which is associated with reactive enteric glia cells (EGCs), is not only a result of early sepsis but also a cause of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Inhibition of platelet activation has been proposed as a potential treatment for septic patients because of its efficacy in ameliorating the organ damage and barrier dysfunction. During platelet activation, CD40L is translocated from α granules to the platelet surface, serving as a biomarker of platelet activation a reliable predictor of sepsis prognosis. Given that more than 95% of the circulating CD40L originate from activated platelets, the present study aimed to investigate if inhibiting platelet activation mitigates intestinal barrier dysfunction is associated with suppressing reactive EGCs and its underlying mechanism. Methods Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was performed to establish the sepsis model. 24 h after CLP, the proportion of activated platelets, the level of sCD40L, the expression of tight-junction proteins, the intestinal barrier function and histological damage of septic mice were analyzed. In vitro, primary cultured EGCs were stimulated by CD40L and LPS for 24 h and EGCs-conditioned medium were collected for Caco-2 cells treatment. The expression of tight-junction proteins and transepithelial electrical resistance of Caco-2 cell were evaluated. Results In vivo, inhibiting platelet activation with cilostazol mitigated the intestinal barrier dysfunction, increased the expression of ZO-1 and occludin and improved the survival rate of septic mice. The efficacy was associated with reduced CD40L+ platelets proportion, decreased sCD40L concentration, and suppressed the activation of EGCs. Comparable results were observed upon treatment with compound 6,877,002, a blocker of CD40L–CD40–TRAF6 signaling pathway. Also, S-nitrosoglutathione supplement reduced intestinal damage both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, CD40L increased release of TNF-α and IL-1β while suppressed the release of S-nitrosoglutathione from EGCs. These EGCs-conditioned medium reduced the expression of ZO-1 and occludin on Caco-2 cells and their transepithelial electrical resistance, which could be reversed by CD40-siRNA and TRAF6-siRNA transfection on EGCs. Conclusions The inhibition of platelet activation is related to the suppression of CD40L-CD40-TRAF6 signaling pathway and the reduction of EGCs activation, which promotes intestinal barrier function and survival in sepsis mice. These results might provide a potential therapeutic strategy and a promising target for sepsis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00556-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengyu Du
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuxuan He
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiqing Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang XM, Lv LX, Qin YS, Zhang YZ, Yang N, Wu S, Xia XW, Yang H, Xu H, Liu Y, Ding WJ. Ji-Chuan decoction ameliorates slow transit constipation via regulation of intestinal glial cell apoptosis. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5007-5022. [PMID: 36160643 PMCID: PMC9494937 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i34.5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slow transit constipation (STC) is a common intestinal disease with increasing incidence. STC results from various factors, such as the enteric nervous system and metabolic changes. As a classical formula of traditional Chinese medicine, Ji-Chuan decoction (JCD) has been extensively and effectively used in STC treatment, yet its pharmacological mechanism remains unclear.
AIM To explore the integrated regulatory pattern of JCD against STC through hyphenated techniques from metabolism, network pharmacology and molecular methods.
METHODS STC model mice were generated by intragastric administration of compound diphenoxylate (10 mg/kg/d) for 14 d. The STC mice in the low dose of JCD (3.04 g/kg), middle dose of JCD (6.08 g/kg) and high dose of JCD (12.16 g/kg) groups were orally administered JCD solution once a day for 2 wk. The acetylcholine (ACH) level was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological features of colon tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The differentially expressed metabolites and metabolic pathways were tested by nontargeted metabolomics. The main targets and core ingredients of JCD were identified by network pharmacology, and the expression of AKT was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Finally, the pathways involved in JCD treatment were predicted using a combination of differentially expressed metabolites and targets, and intestinal glial cell apoptosis was demonstrated by immunofluorescence.
RESULTS JCD significantly promoted intestinal motility, increased the levels of the excitatory neurotransmitter ACH and reduced intestinal inflammation in STC mice. Untargeted metabolomics results showed that JCD significantly restored metabolic dysfunction and significantly affected taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. Network pharmacology and molecular experiments showed that JCD regulates AKT protein expression, and the core component is quercetin. Combined analysis demonstrated that apoptosis may be an important mechanism by which JCD relieves constipation. Further experiments showed that JCD reduced enteric glial cell (EGC) apoptosis.
CONCLUSION This work demonstrated that reducing EGC apoptosis may be the critical mechanism by which JCD treats STC. These findings call for further molecular research to facilitate the clinical application of JCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Min Wang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Proctology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Xia Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue-Si Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Zhang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shu Wu
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiu-Wen Xia
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Proctology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Jun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang Y, Wang PM, Larauche M, Mulugeta M, Liu W. Bio-impedance method to monitor colon motility response to direct distal colon stimulation in anesthetized pigs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13761. [PMID: 35961998 PMCID: PMC9374686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation has been demonstrated as an alternative approach to alleviate intractable colonic motor disorders, whose effectiveness can be evaluated through colonic motility assessment. Various methods have been proposed to monitor the colonic motility and while each has contributed towards better understanding of colon motility, a significant limitation has been the spatial and temporal low-resolution colon motility data acquisition and analysis. This paper presents the study of employing bio-impedance characterization to monitor colonic motor activity. Direct distal colon stimulation was undertaken in anesthetized pigs to validate the bio-impedance scheme simultaneous with luminal manometry monitoring. The results indicated that the significant decreases of bio-impedance corresponded to strong colonic contraction in response to the electrical stimulation in the distal colon. The magnitude/power of the dominant frequencies of phasic colonic contractions identified at baseline (in the range 2-3 cycles per minute (cpm)) were increased after the stimulation. In addition, positive correlations have been found between bio-impedance and manometry. The proposed bio-impedance-based method can be a viable candidate for monitoring colonic motor pattern with high spatial and temporal resolution. The presented technique can be integrated into a closed-loop therapeutic device in order to optimize its stimulation protocol in real-time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Po-Min Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Muriel Larauche
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Core Center (DDRCC), Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience (CNSR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Million Mulugeta
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Core Center (DDRCC), Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience (CNSR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Wentai Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schneider R, Leven P, Mallesh S, Breßer M, Schneider L, Mazzotta E, Fadda P, Glowka T, Vilz TO, Lingohr P, Kalff JC, Christofi FL, Wehner S. IL-1-dependent enteric gliosis guides intestinal inflammation and dysmotility and modulates macrophage function. Commun Biol 2022; 5:811. [PMID: 35962064 PMCID: PMC9374731 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscularis Externa Macrophages (ME-Macs) and enteric glial cells (EGCs) are closely associated cell types in the bowel wall, and important interactions are thought to occur between them during intestinal inflammation. They are involved in developing postoperative ileus (POI), an acute, surgery-induced inflammatory disorder triggered by IL-1 receptor type I (IL1R1)-signaling. In this study, we demonstrate that IL1R1-signaling in murine and human EGCs induces a reactive state, named enteric gliosis, characterized by a strong induction of distinct chemokines, cytokines, and the colony-stimulating factors 1 and 3. Ribosomal tagging revealed enteric gliosis as an early part of POI pathogenesis, and mice with an EGC-restricted IL1R1-deficiency failed to develop postoperative enteric gliosis, showed diminished immune cell infiltration, and were protected from POI. Furthermore, the IL1R1-deficiency in EGCs altered the surgery-induced glial activation state and reduced phagocytosis in macrophages, as well as their migration and accumulation around enteric ganglia. In patients, bowel surgery also induced IL-1-signaling, key molecules of enteric gliosis, and macrophage activation. Together, our data show that IL1R1-signaling triggers enteric gliosis, which results in ME-Mac activation and the development of POI. Intervention in this pathway might be a useful prophylactic strategy in preventing such motility disorders and gut inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Leven
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Mona Breßer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Linda Schneider
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elvio Mazzotta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paola Fadda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tim Glowka
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim O Vilz
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Lingohr
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg C Kalff
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fievos L Christofi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sven Wehner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Progatzky F, Pachnis V. The role of enteric glia in intestinal immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 77:102183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
49
|
Middelhoff M, Valenti G, Tomassoni L, Ochiai Y, Belin B, Takahashi R, Malagola E, Nienhüser H, Finlayson M, Hayakawa Y, Zamechek LB, Renz BW, Westphalen CB, Quante M, Margolis KG, Sims PA, Laise P, Califano A, Rao M, Gershon MD, Wang TC. Adult enteric Dclk1-positive glial and neuronal cells reveal distinct responses to acute intestinal injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G583-G597. [PMID: 35319286 PMCID: PMC9109794 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00244.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ganglionic cells in the adult enteric nervous system (ENS) are continually exposed to stimuli from the surrounding microenvironment and need at times to respond to disturbed homeostasis following acute intestinal injury. The kinase DCLK1 and intestinal Dclk1-positive cells have been reported to contribute to intestinal regeneration. Although Dclk1-positive cells are present in adult enteric ganglia, their cellular identity and response to acute injury have not been investigated in detail. Here, we reveal the presence of distinct Dclk1-tdTom+/CD49b+ glial-like and Dclk1-tdTom+/CD49b- neuronal cell types in adult myenteric ganglia. These ganglionic cells demonstrate distinct patterns of tracing over time yet show a similar expansion in response to elevated serotonergic signaling. Interestingly, Dclk1-tdTom+ glial-like and neuronal cell types appear resistant to acute irradiation injury-mediated cell death. Moreover, Dclk1-tdTom+/CD49b+ glial-like cells show prominent changes in gene expression profiles induced by injury, in contrast to Dclk1-tdTom+/CD49b- neuronal cell types. Finally, subsets of Dclk1-tdTom+/CD49b+ glial-like cells demonstrate prominent overlap with Nestin and p75NTR and strong responses to elevated serotonergic signaling or acute injury. These findings, together with their role in early development and their neural crest-like gene expression signature, suggest the presence of reserve progenitor cells in the adult Dclk1 glial cell lineage.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The kinase DCLK1 identifies glial-like and neuronal cell types in adult murine enteric ganglia, which resist acute injury-mediated cell death yet differ in their cellular response to injury. Interestingly, Dclk1-labeled glial-like cells show prominent transcriptional changes in response to injury and harbor features reminiscent of previously described enteric neural precursor cells. Our data thus add to recently emerging evidence of reserve cellular plasticity in the adult enteric nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Middelhoff
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Lorenzo Tomassoni
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Yosuke Ochiai
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Bryana Belin
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Ryota Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ermanno Malagola
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Henrik Nienhüser
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Finlayson
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leah B Zamechek
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Bernhard W Renz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Benedikt Westphalen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hospital of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Quante
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Gastrointestinale Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kara G Margolis
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Pasquale Laise
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
- DarwinHealth Inc., New York, New York
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children´s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael D Gershon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Grubišić V, Bali V, Fried DE, Eltzschig HK, Robson SC, Mazei-Robison MS, Gulbransen BD. Enteric glial adenosine 2B receptor signaling mediates persistent epithelial barrier dysfunction following acute DSS colitis. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:964-976. [PMID: 35869148 PMCID: PMC9385475 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial barrier function is compromised in inflammatory bowel disease and barrier dysfunction contributes to disease progression. Extracellular nucleotides/nucleosides generated in gut inflammation may regulate barrier function through actions on diverse cell types. Enteric glia modulate extracellular purinergic signaling and exert pathophysiological effects on mucosal permeability. These glia may regulate inflammation with paracrine responses, theoretically mediated via adenosine 2B receptor (A2BR) signaling. As the cell-specific roles of A2BRs in models of colitis and barrier dysfunction are unclear, we studied glial A2BRs in acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. We performed and validated conditional ablation of glial A2BRs in Sox10CreERT2+/-;Adora2bf/f mice. Overt intestinal disease activity indices in DSS-colitis were comparable between Sox10CreERT2+/-;Adora2bf/f mice and littermate controls. However, ablating glial A2BRs protected against barrier dysfunction following acute DSS-colitis. These benefits were associated with the normalization of tight junction protein expression and localization including claudin-1, claudin-8, and occludin. Glial A2BR signaling increased levels of proinflammatory mediators in the colon and cell-intrinsic regulation of genes including Csf3, Cxcl1, Cxcl10, and Il6. Our studies show that glial A2BR signaling exacerbates immune responses during DSS-colitis and that this adenosinergic cell-specific mechanism contributes to persistent gut epithelial barrier dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Grubišić
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Biomedical Innovation, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Vedrana Bali
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - David E Fried
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Michelle S Mazei-Robison
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Brian D Gulbransen
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|