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Wang Z, Shi J, Tao D, Xie S, Yang Y, Liu Y. Nonsense suppression induces read-through of a novel BMPR1A variant in a Chinese family with hereditary colorectal cancer. Ann Hum Genet 2024; 88:300-306. [PMID: 38192234 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BMPR1A-mediated signaling transduction plays an essential role in intestinal growth. Variations of BMPR1A lead to a rare autosomal dominant inherited juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) with high probability of developing into colorectal cancer (CRC). Nonsense and frameshift variations, generating premature termination codons (PTCs), are the most pathogenic variants in the BMPR1A gene. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the molecular genetic etiology in a Chinese family with three generations of CRC. METHODS Pathogenic variants of 18 known CRC susceptibility genes were examined in a Chinese CRC family through multigene panel testing using the next-generation sequencing platform. The candidate gene variant was validated in the family members by Sanger sequencing. Potential biological functions of the gene variant were further investigated in the RKO colon cancer cell line. RESULTS A novel nonsense variant (c.1114A > T, p.Lys372*) of BMPR1A was identified in the CRC family. This variant generated a PTC at the kinase domain and caused nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Read-through inducing reagents G418 and PTC124 partially restored BMPR1A expression and its following signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The identification of the novel BMPR1A variant enriched the genotype-phenotype spectrum of BMPR1A. Meanwhile, our finding also provided support for future PTC-targeting therapy for BMPR1A-mediated JPS and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaying Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dachang Tao
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyu Xie
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunqiang Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Fu QQ, Ma L, Niu XM, Zhao HX, Ge XH, Jin H, Yu DH, Yang S. Trends and hotspots in gastrointestinal neoplasms risk assessment: A bibliometric analysis from 1984 to 2022. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2842-2861. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal neoplasm (GN) significantly impact the global cancer burden and mortality, necessitating early detection and treatment. Understanding the evolution and current state of research in this field is vital.
AIM To conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of publications from 1984 to 2022 to elucidate the trends and hotspots in the GN risk assessment research, focusing on key contributors, institutions, and thematic evolution.
METHODS This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of data from the Web of Science Core Collection database using the "bibliometrix" R package, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. The analysis focused on the distribution of publications, contributions by institutions and countries, and trends in keywords. The methods included data synthesis, network analysis, and visualization of international collaboration networks.
RESULTS This analysis of 1371 articles on GN risk assessment revealed a notable evolution in terms of research focus and collaboration. It highlights the United States' critical role in advancing this field, with significant contributions from institutions such as Brigham and Women's Hospital and the National Cancer Institute. The last five years, substantial advancements have been made, representing nearly 45% of the examined literature. Publication rates have dramatically increased, from 20 articles in 2002 to 112 in 2022, reflecting intensified research efforts. This study underscores a growing trend toward interdisciplinary and international collaboration, with the Journal of Clinical Oncology standing out as a key publication outlet. This shift toward more comprehensive and collaborative research methods marks a significant step in addressing GN risks.
CONCLUSION This study underscores advancements in GN risk assessment through genetic analyses and machine learning and reveals significant geographical disparities in research emphasis. This calls for enhanced global collaboration and integration of artificial intelligence to improve cancer prevention and treatment accuracy, ultimately enhancing worldwide patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Qiang Fu
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai General Practice and Community Health Development Research Center, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Le Ma
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xiao-Min Niu
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hua-Xin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xu-Hua Ge
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - De-Hua Yu
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai General Practice and Community Health Development Research Center, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai General Practice and Community Health Development Research Center, Shanghai 200090, China
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Collatuzzo G, Rashidian H, Hadji M, Naghibzadeh A, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Boffetta P, Zendehdel K. Cigarettes and waterpipe use and risk of colorectal cancer in Iran: the IROPICAN study. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024:00008469-990000000-00156. [PMID: 38870041 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association between cigarettes and waterpipe use and colorectal cancer (CRC) in an Iranian population. We analyzed data from a multicenter hospital-based case-control study in Iran (IROPICAN). Data on tobacco smoking, including cigarettes, and waterpipe smoking, were collected in detail. Multivariate logistic regressions estimated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between cigarette and waterpipe smoking and CRC, accounting for confounders including age, sex, socioeconomic status, opium use, marital status, family history of cancer, red meat, fiber, body shape at age 15 and perceived physical workload, and each other of the two exposures. The study population consisted of 3215 controls and 848 cases, including 455 colon and 393 rectum cancers. We found no association between CRC and cigarette smoking (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-1.0) or waterpipe smoking (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9-1.5). Analysis by categories of cigarette pack-year and frequency of waterpipe smoking (head-year) did not show associations. We observed an inverse association between colon cancer and cigarette smoking (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5-0.9). There was, however, no significant association by pack-year categories. Cigarette and waterpipe smoking was not associated with CRC in the Iranian population. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of waterpipe on CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Hamideh Rashidian
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hadji
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ahmad Naghibzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liu L, Li Y, Zheng X, Huang R, Huang X, Zhao Y, Liu W, Lei Y, Li Q, Zhong Z, Zhao Z. Natural polysaccharides regulate intestinal microbiota for inhibiting colorectal cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31514. [PMID: 38818184 PMCID: PMC11137569 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is an important part of the human immune system. The gut microbiome, which constitutes a major component of the gastrointestinal tract, plays a crucial role in maintaining normal physiological functions and influences the development, diagnosis, and immunotherapy of colorectal cancer (CRC). Natural polysaccharides can be extracted from animals, plants, and traditional Chinese medicines. They serve as an essential energy source for the gut microbiome, promoting probiotic proliferation and regulating the intestinal microecological balance. Moreover, polysaccharides exhibit anti-tumor effects due to their immune regulatory functions and low toxicity. This review focuses on discussing these anti-tumor effects in CRC, along with improving gut microbiome dysbiosis and regulating the tumor immune microenvironment, providing evidence for effective therapeutic strategies against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yinan Li
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Xiaoting Zheng
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao, Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao, Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao, Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanli Lei
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao, Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qiu Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao, Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Ziyun Zhao
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao, 266000, China
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5
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Charnysh E, Pal S, Reader JM, Uhlmann WR, McCain S, Sanghavi K, Blasco D, Brandt R, Feero WG, Ferber R, Giri VN, Hendy K, Prince AER, Lee C, Roberts JS. Health care utilization and behavior changes after workplace genetic testing at a large US health care system. Genet Med 2024; 26:101160. [PMID: 38733246 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored employee health behavior changes and health care utilization after workplace genetic testing (wGT). Wellness-program-associated wGT seeks to improve employee health, but the related health implications are unknown. METHODS Employees of a large US health care system offering wGT (cancer, heart disease, and pharmacogenomics [PGx]) were sent electronic surveys. Self-reported data from those who received test results were analyzed. Descriptive statistics characterized responses, whereas logistic regression analyses explored correlates of responses to wGT. RESULTS 53.9% (n = 418/776) of respondents (88.3% female, mean age = 44 years) reported receiving wGT results. 12.0% (n = 48/399) received results indicating increased risk (IR) of cancer, 9.5% (n = 38/398) had IR of heart disease, and 31.4% (n = 125/398) received informative PGx results. IR results for cancer and/or heart disease (n = 67) were associated with health behavior changes (adjusted odds ratio: 3.23; 95% CI 1.75, 6.13; P < .001) and health care utilization (adjusted odds ratio: 8.60; 95% CI 4.43, 17.5; P < .001). Informative PGx results (n = 125) were associated with medication changes (PGx-informative: 15.2%; PGx-uninformative: 4.8%; P = .002). CONCLUSION This study explored employee responses to wGT, contributing to the understanding of the ethical and social implications of wGT. Receiving IR results from wGT may promote health behavior changes and health care utilization in employees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhamoy Pal
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jonathan M Reader
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Wendy R Uhlmann
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sarah McCain
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kunal Sanghavi
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Drew Blasco
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
| | | | | | - Rebecca Ferber
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Veda N Giri
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Katherine Hendy
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Charles Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT.
| | - J Scott Roberts
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI.
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Abbass MA, Poylin V, Strong S. Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes Registry: What, How, and Why? Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2024; 37:198-202. [PMID: 38606043 PMCID: PMC11006437 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Caring for patients with colorectal cancer inherited cancer syndromes is complex, and it requires a well-thought integration process between a multidisciplinary team, an accessible database, and a registry coordinator. This requires an aligned vision between the administrative business team and the clinical team. Although we can manage most of the cancers that those patients develop according to oncologic guidance, the future risk of patients and their families might add emotional and psychological burdens on them in the absence of a well-qualified and trained team where balancing quality of life and cancer risk are at the essence of decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Abbass
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vitaliy Poylin
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Scott Strong
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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7
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Collatuzzo G, Seyyedsalehi MS, Rashidian H, Hadji M, Safari-Faramani R, Rezaianzadeh A, Malekzadeh R, Zendehdel K, Boffetta P. Determinants of early-onset colorectal cancer: a multicenter case-control study in Iran. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024:00008469-990000000-00143. [PMID: 38687254 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to study the risk factors of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the Iranian population. Early onset CRC in Iran is a relevant health issue that deserves further epidemiological efforts to be defined and controlled as far as possible. Early age screening of low-tract of the intestine would be particularly useful in families of colorectal cancer patients. METHODS We analyzed data from a multicenter hospital-based case-control study in Iran (The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer). Sociodemographic and lifestyle information was collected using validated questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regressions estimated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of early-onset CRC in individuals under the age of 50 and potential risk factors, including physical activity, socioeconomic status, body shape at age 15, dietary factors, vitamin D, cigarettes and waterpipe smoking, opium use and family history of CRC. Additionally, a subgroup analysis was conducted for individuals with a very young age of CRC onset (i.e. <35 years). RESULTS We analyzed data of 189 developed CRC below age 50 (99 colon and 90 rectum), and 66 patients under the age 35 (13 colon and 21 rectum). Early CRC was inversely associated with vegetables (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38-0.92 for 422-576 g/day) and vitamin D (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26-0.94), and positively associated with red meat intake (OR, 1.80; 1.15-2.83 per 25.65 g/day). Vegetables (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27-0.98 for 576 g/day), red meat (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.11-3.79 for 25.65 g/day), vitamin D (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10-0.86) and opium use (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.01-6.74) were associated with early rectum cancer. Results were heterogeneous by cancer site for high fruit and vegetables intakes and cigarette smoking. Family history was associated with CRC (OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.29-10.9) and rectum cancer (OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.24-14.4) in subjects younger than 35, and, to a lesser extent, with CRC and rectum cancer before age 50. CONCLUSION Early-onset CRC was related to the intake of vegetables, vitamin D and red meat in Iran. Early-onset rectum cancer was associated with regular opium use. Family history was associated with early CRC and early rectum cancer, particularly below the age of 35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Rashidian
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hadji
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Roya Safari-Faramani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah Medical Sciences University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Vishwanath A, Krishna S, Manudhane AP, Hart PA, Krishna SG. Early-Onset Gastrointestinal Malignancies: An Investigation into a Rising Concern. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1553. [PMID: 38672634 PMCID: PMC11049592 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition of early-onset gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies in young adults < 50 years of age. While much of the literature has emphasized colorectal cancer, these also include esophageal, gastric, liver, pancreatic, and biliary tract malignancies. Various factors, including lifestyle, hereditary, and environmental elements, have been proposed to explain the rising incidence of GI malignancies in the younger population. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent literature, including global trends and information regarding genetic and environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush Vishwanath
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Shreyas Krishna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.K.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Albert P. Manudhane
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.K.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Phil A. Hart
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.K.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Somashekar G. Krishna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.K.); (A.P.M.)
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Sah DK, Arjunan A, Park SY, Lee B, Jung YD. Sulforaphane Inhibits IL-1β-Induced IL-6 by Suppressing ROS Production, AP-1, and STAT3 in Colorectal Cancer HT-29 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:406. [PMID: 38671854 PMCID: PMC11047376 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as a major cause of cancer-related mortality globally, accounting for approximately 881,000 deaths each year. Traditional approaches such as chemotherapy and surgery have been the primary treatment modalities, yet the outcomes for patients with metastatic CRC are often unsatisfactory. Recent research has focused on targeting the pathways involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and metastasis to enhance the survival of CRC patients. Within this context, sulforaphane (SFN), a notable phytochemical found predominantly in cruciferous vegetables, has been recognized as a potential anticancer agent. However, the specific mechanisms through which SFN may exert its chemopreventive effects in CRC remain unclear. This study explores the impact of SFN on IL-1β-induced IL-6 activation and MAPK and AP-1 signaling in HT-29 cells. Our findings reveal that SFN treatment not only diminishes IL-1β-stimulated IL-6 expression but also reduces oxidative stress by curtailing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, it hinders the proliferation and invasiveness of HT-29 cells through the modulation of MAPK/AP-1 and STAT3 signaling pathways. These results indicate that SFN mitigates IL-1β-induced IL-6 expression in CRC cells by attenuating ROS production and disrupting MAPK/AP-1 signaling. This suggests that SFN holds significant potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for both treating and preventing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (D.K.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Archana Arjunan
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (D.K.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Seon Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501190, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bora Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (D.K.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (D.K.S.); (A.A.)
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10
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Xu LL, Lin Y, Han LY, Wang Y, Li JJ, Dai XY. Development and validation of a prediction model for early screening of people at high risk for colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:450-461. [PMID: 38414586 PMCID: PMC10895599 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i5.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious threat worldwide. Although early screening is suggested to be the most effective method to prevent and control CRC, the current situation of early screening for CRC is still not optimistic. In China, the incidence of CRC in the Yangtze River Delta region is increasing dramatically, but few studies have been conducted. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simple and efficient early screening model for CRC. AIM To develop and validate an early-screening nomogram model to identify individuals at high risk of CRC. METHODS Data of 64448 participants obtained from Ningbo Hospital, China between 2014 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The cohort comprised 64448 individuals, of which, 530 were excluded due to missing or incorrect data. Of 63918, 7607 (11.9%) individuals were considered to be high risk for CRC, and 56311 (88.1%) were not. The participants were randomly allocated to a training set (44743) or validation set (19175). The discriminatory ability, predictive accuracy, and clinical utility of the model were evaluated by constructing and analyzing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves and by decision curve analysis. Finally, the model was validated internally using a bootstrap resampling technique. RESULTS Seven variables, including demographic, lifestyle, and family history information, were examined. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that age [odds ratio (OR): 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.03, P < 0.001], body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.06-1.08, P < 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (OR: 1.03, 95%CI: 1.02-1.03 P < 0.001), lifestyle (OR: 0.45, 95%CI: 0.42-0.48, P < 0.001), and family history (OR: 4.28, 95%CI: 4.04-4.54, P < 0.001) were the most significant predictors of high-risk CRC. Healthy lifestyle was a protective factor, whereas family history was the most significant risk factor. The area under the curve was 0.734 (95%CI: 0.723-0.745) for the final validation set ROC curve and 0.735 (95%CI: 0.728-0.742) for the training set ROC curve. The calibration curve demonstrated a high correlation between the CRC high-risk population predicted by the nomogram model and the actual CRC high-risk population. CONCLUSION The early-screening nomogram model for CRC prediction in high-risk populations developed in this study based on age, BMI, WC, lifestyle, and family history exhibited high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Center for Health Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nottingham, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Yuan Han
- Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Jiong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
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11
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Wang X, Meng M, Sun J, Gao W, Lin C, Yu C. Klebsiella aerogenes exacerbates colon tumorigenesis in the AOM/DSS-induced C57BL/6J mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 694:149410. [PMID: 38134478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella aerogenes (K. aerogenes, KA) is a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen from the Klebsiella species and the Enterobacteriaceae family. However, the impact of K. aerogenes on colorectal cancer (CRC) remains uncertain. A colitis-associated tumorigenesis animal model was established by administering azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to C57BL/6J mice. The concentration of K. aerogenes gavage in mice was 109 cfu. The study measured the following parameters: tumor formation (number and size), intestinal permeability (MUC2, ZO-1, and Occludin), colonic inflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), proliferation and the fluctuation of the intestinal flora. Under the AOM/DSS-treated setting, K. aerogenes colonization worsened colitis by exacerbating intestinal inflammatory reaction and destroying the mucosal barrier. The intervention markedly augmented the quantity and dimensions of neoplasm in the AOM/DSS mice, stimulated cellular growth, and impeded cellular programmed cell death. In addition, K. aerogenes exacerbated the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota by elevating the abundance of Pseudomonas, Erysipelatoclostridium, Turicibacter, Rikenella, and Muribaculum and leading to a reduction in the abundance of Odoribacter, Alloprevotella, Roseburia, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. The presence of K. aerogenes in AOM/DSS-treated mice promoted tumorigenesis, worsened intestinal inflammation, disrupted the intestinal barrier, and caused disturbance to the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210011, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjie Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210011, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210011, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210011, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoyu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210031, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunzhao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 211100, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Michas A, Michas V, Anagnostou E, Galanopoulos M, Tolia M, Tsoukalas N. The Clinical Significance of MicroRNAs in Colorectal Cancer Signaling Pathways: A Review. Glob Med Genet 2023; 10:315-323. [PMID: 38025193 PMCID: PMC10665125 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (colon and rectum) is currently considered among the most prevalent malignancies of Western societies. The pathogenesis and etiological mechanisms underlying colorectal cancer (CRC) development remain complex and heterogeneous. The homeostasis and function of normal human intestinal cells is highly regulated by microRNAs. Therefore, it is not surprising that mutations and inactivation of these molecules appear to be linked with progression of colorectal tumors. Recent studies have reported significant alterations of microRNA expression in adenomas and CRCs compared with adjacent normal tissues. This observed deviation has been proposed to correlate with the progression and survival of disease as well as with choice of optimal treatment and drug resistance. MicroRNAs can adopt either oncogenic or tumor-suppressive roles during regulation of pathways that drive carcinogenesis. Typically, oncogenic microRNAs termed oncomirs, target and silence endogenous tumor-suppressor genes. On the other hand, tumor-suppressive microRNAs are critical in downregulating genes associated with cell growth and malignant capabilities. By extensively evaluating robust studies, we have emphasized and distinguished a discrete set of microRNAs that can modulate tumor progression by silencing specific driver genes crucial in signaling pathways including Wnt/b-catenin, epidermal growth factor receptor, P53, mismatch repair DNA repair, and transforming-growth factor beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Michas
- Department of Oncology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Michas
- Department of Radiology, Achepa General Hospital Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Anagnostou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria Tolia
- Department of Oncology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsoukalas
- Department of Oncology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
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13
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Zhu J, Liu W, Bian Z, Ma Y, Kang Z, Jin J, Li X, Ge S, Hao Y, Zhang H, Xie Y. Lactobacillus plantarum Zhang-LL Inhibits Colitis-Related Tumorigenesis by Regulating Arachidonic Acid Metabolism and CD22-Mediated B-Cell Receptor Regulation. Nutrients 2023; 15:4512. [PMID: 37960165 PMCID: PMC10648432 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant health concern and is the third most commonly diagnosed and second deadliest cancer worldwide. CRC has been steadily increasing in developing countries owing to factors such as aging and epidemics. Despite extensive research, the exact pathogenesis of CRC remains unclear, and its causes are complex and variable. Numerous in vitro, animal, and clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of probiotics such as Lactobacillus plantarum in reversing the adverse outcomes of CRC. These findings suggest that probiotics play vital roles in the prevention, adjuvant treatment, and prognosis of CRC. In this study, we constructed a mouse model of CRC using an intraperitoneal injection of azomethane combined with dextran sodium sulfate, while administering 5-fluorouracil as well as high- and low-doses of L. plantarum Zhang-LL live or heat-killed strains. Weight changes and disease activity indices were recorded during feeding, and the number of polyps and colon length were measured after euthanasia. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in the colons of mice, and ELISA was used to detect the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in serum. To investigate the specific mechanisms involved in alleviating CRC progression, gut microbial alterations were investigated using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics, and changes in genes related to CRC were assessed using eukaryotic transcriptomics. The results showed that both viable and heat-killed strains of L. plantarum Zhang-LL in high doses significantly inhibited tumorigenesis, colon shortening, adverse inflammatory reactions, intestinal tissue damage, and pro-inflammatory factor expression upregulation. Specifically, in the gut microbiota, the abundance of the dominant flora Acutalibacter muris and Lactobacillus johnsonii was regulated, PGE2 expression was significantly reduced, the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway was inhibited, and CD22-mediated B-cell receptor regulation-related gene expression was upregulated. This study showed that L. plantarum Zhang-LL live or heat-inactivated strains alleviated CRC progression by reducing the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria, increasing the abundance of beneficial commensal bacteria, mediating the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, and improving host immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Zhu
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.Z.); (W.L.); (Z.B.); (Y.M.); (Z.K.); (J.J.); (X.L.)
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.Z.); (W.L.); (Z.B.); (Y.M.); (Z.K.); (J.J.); (X.L.)
| | - Zheng Bian
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.Z.); (W.L.); (Z.B.); (Y.M.); (Z.K.); (J.J.); (X.L.)
| | - Yumeng Ma
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.Z.); (W.L.); (Z.B.); (Y.M.); (Z.K.); (J.J.); (X.L.)
| | - Zixin Kang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.Z.); (W.L.); (Z.B.); (Y.M.); (Z.K.); (J.J.); (X.L.)
| | - Junhua Jin
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.Z.); (W.L.); (Z.B.); (Y.M.); (Z.K.); (J.J.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.Z.); (W.L.); (Z.B.); (Y.M.); (Z.K.); (J.J.); (X.L.)
| | - Shaoyang Ge
- Beijing HEYIYUAN BIOTECHNOLOGY Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China;
| | - Yanling Hao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.Z.); (W.L.); (Z.B.); (Y.M.); (Z.K.); (J.J.); (X.L.)
| | - Yuanhong Xie
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.Z.); (W.L.); (Z.B.); (Y.M.); (Z.K.); (J.J.); (X.L.)
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14
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Sandoval RL, Horiguchi M, Ukaegbu C, Furniss CS, Uno H, Syngal S, Yurgelun MB. PREMM5 distinguishes sporadic from Lynch syndrome-associated MMR-deficient/MSI-high colorectal cancer. Fam Cancer 2023; 22:459-465. [PMID: 37572151 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-023-00345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Current algorithms for diagnosing Lynch syndrome (LS) include multistep molecular tumor tests to distinguish LS-associated from sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC), which add cost and complexity to the evaluation. We hypothesized that PREMM5, a clinical LS prediction tool, could be an alternative approach to screen for LS, thereby lessening the need for specialized molecular diagnostics. We reviewed a consecutively ascertained institutional cohort of 1058 CRC patients on whom pathologic and clinical data were available, including prior LS germline testing. Data from MMR-D/MSI-H CRC patients were reviewed and PREMM5 scores were calculated for each individual. Using a PREMM5 score cutoff ≥ 2.5% to characterize the need for germline testing, we determined the rate of pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) in LS genes in patients with PREMM5 scores ≥ 2.5% versus < 2.5%. Sensitivity and negative predictive values (NPV) of PREMM5 were calculated for all MMR-D/MSI-H CRC patients, and those with MLH1-deficient CRC. MMR IHC and/or MSI results were available on 572/1058 cases. We identified 74/572 (12.9%) cases as MMR-D/MSI-H, of which 28/74 (37.8%) harbored a LS PGV. 11/49 (22.4%) patients with MLH1-deficient CRC harbored a LS PGV. PREMM5 had 100% sensitivity (95% CI: 87.7-100 for any MMR-D/MSI-H; 95% CI: 71.5-100 for MLH1-deficient CRC) and 100% NPV (95% CI: 83.2-100 for any MMR-D/MSI-H; 95% CI: 82.4-100 for MLH1-deficient CRC) for identifying LS PGVs in these cohorts. PREMM5 accurately distinguishes LS- from non-LS-associated MMR-D/MSI-H CRC without additional somatic molecular testing. These findings are particularly relevant for limited-resource settings where advanced molecular diagnostics may be unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata L Sandoval
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Brasília, Brazil
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue Dana 1126, 02215, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miki Horiguchi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue Dana 1126, 02215, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chinedu Ukaegbu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue Dana 1126, 02215, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Sloane Furniss
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue Dana 1126, 02215, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hajime Uno
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue Dana 1126, 02215, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sapna Syngal
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue Dana 1126, 02215, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew B Yurgelun
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue Dana 1126, 02215, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Sellés EG, Pieretti DG, Higuero PP, Del Portillo EG, Macías VM, Domínguez MM, Mateos RF, Campos FL, Díaz-Gavela AA, Ferraris G, Couñago F. Total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: a narrative review. Future Oncol 2023; 19:1753-1768. [PMID: 37650764 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced rectal cancer has traditionally been treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, a new strategy, total neoadjuvant therapy, involves the administration of CRT and neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the aim of eradicating micrometastases earlier and achieving greater control of the disease. The use of total neoadjuvant therapy has shown higher rates of pathological complete response and resectability compared with CRT, including improved survival. Nevertheless, distant relapse is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in locally advanced rectal cancer. To address this, new biomarkers are being developed to predict disease response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías Gomis Sellés
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Biomedical Institute of Seville (IBIS)/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | | | - Paula Peleteiro Higuero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Raquel Fuentes Mateos
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopez Campos
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Ana Aurora Díaz-Gavela
- Quironsalud Madrid University Hospital, Radiation Therapy Department, Medicine Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Gustavo Ferraris
- Radiotherapy Unit, Centro de Radioterapia Dean Funes, Córdoba, X5003 CVY, Argentina
| | - Felipe Couñago
- San Francisco de Asís and La Milagrosa Hospitals, GenesisCare, Madrid, 28002, Spain
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16
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Li X, Zhang W, Yuan S, Mao Q, Zhang C, Cai R, Lin H, Wang X. Publication trends and hotspots of colorectal adenoma during 2002-2022: a bibliometric and visualized analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1142703. [PMID: 37492472 PMCID: PMC10364844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1142703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prevention and treatment of colorectal adenoma (CRA) are great significant to reduce morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer. Although there have been numerous studies on CRA recently, few publications utilized the bibliometrics to evaluate this field. The objective of current study was to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state and frontier progress of CRA over the past 20 years. Methods The Web of Science Core Collection was utilized to extracted all studies of CRA during 2002-2022. Bibliometric tools including CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology were used for statistical analysis. CiteSpace and the Online Analysis Platform were used to evaluate the contributions of various countries/regions, institutions, authors, and journals in this field. Research hotspots and trends were identified through keywords and references analysis by VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Results 2,268 publications from 2002 to 2022 in total were identified. The number of global publications in this field has increased annually. The USA was the most productive country, contributing nearly 30% of global publications. But in recent years, China's publications grew rapidly and had the highest citation strength. The most productive institutions was the National Cancer Institute. Baron JA from the USA was the most productive and the one of most co-cited authors. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention had the highest number of publications and Gastroenterology was the most co-cited journals. Analysis of keywords clusters showed that "mechanism/pathophysiology", "risk factors and prevention", "colonoscopy screening and treatment", "metabolism", and "microbiota" were the major frontier topics and the main research directions. Conclusions CRA publications have shown a gradual upward trend in recent years, most of which have been published by developed countries. Developing countries should further focus on CRA research and transnational cooperation with developed countries in the future, in order to better improve the situation of the increasing morbidity and mortality of CRC. Baron JA was the most outstanding researcher in this field. More attention should be devoted to "pathogenesis of CRA", "less invasive diagnostic methods", "chemoprevention", and "screening and risk prediction of CRA including gut microbiome and metabolism", which will be frontiers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Surui Yuan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyuan Mao
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- Institution of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijuan Cai
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Garutti M, Foffano L, Mazzeo R, Michelotti A, Da Ros L, Viel A, Miolo G, Zambelli A, Puglisi F. Hereditary Cancer Syndromes: A Comprehensive Review with a Visual Tool. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1025. [PMID: 37239385 PMCID: PMC10218093 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancer syndromes account for nearly 10% of cancers even though they are often underdiagnosed. Finding a pathogenic gene variant could have dramatic implications in terms of pharmacologic treatments, tailored preventive programs, and familiar cascade testing. However, diagnosing a hereditary cancer syndrome could be challenging because of a lack of validated testing criteria or because of their suboptimal performance. In addition, many clinicians are not sufficiently well trained to identify and select patients that could benefit from a genetic test. Herein, we searched the available literature to comprehensively review and categorize hereditary cancer syndromes affecting adults with the aim of helping clinicians in their daily clinical practice through a visual tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Garutti
- CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Foffano
- CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Roberta Mazzeo
- CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Anna Michelotti
- CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Lucia Da Ros
- CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Viel
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Genomics CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Miolo
- CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Alberto Zambelli
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS—Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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18
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Kastrinos F, Kupfer SS, Gupta S. Colorectal Cancer Risk Assessment and Precision Approaches to Screening: Brave New World or Worlds Apart? Gastroenterology 2023; 164:812-827. [PMID: 36841490 PMCID: PMC10370261 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Current colorectal cancer (CRC) screening recommendations take a "one-size-fits-all" approach using age as the major criterion to initiate screening. Precision screening that incorporates factors beyond age to risk stratify individuals could improve on current approaches and optimally use available resources with benefits for patients, providers, and health care systems. Prediction models could identify high-risk groups who would benefit from more intensive screening, while low-risk groups could be recommended less intensive screening incorporating noninvasive screening modalities. In addition to age, prediction models incorporate well-established risk factors such as genetics (eg, family CRC history, germline, and polygenic risk scores), lifestyle (eg, smoking, alcohol, diet, and physical inactivity), sex, and race and ethnicity among others. Although several risk prediction models have been validated, few have been systematically studied for risk-adapted population CRC screening. In order to envisage clinical implementation of precision screening in the future, it will be critical to develop reliable and accurate prediction models that apply to all individuals in a population; prospectively study risk-adapted CRC screening on the population level; garner acceptance from patients and providers; and assess feasibility, resources, cost, and cost-effectiveness of these new paradigms. This review evaluates the current state of risk prediction modeling and provides a roadmap for future implementation of precision CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay Kastrinos
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center and Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York.
| | - Sonia S Kupfer
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Samir Gupta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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19
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Radcliff M, Gillett J, Herrin Z, Smith H, Swanson L, Graham C. Considerations and Evaluation of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. J Nurse Pract 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2022.104537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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20
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Pan S, Cox H, Willmott J, Mundt E, Gorringe H, Landon M, Bowles KR, Coffee B, Roa BB, Mancini-DiNardo D. Discordance between germline genetic findings and abnormal tumor immunohistochemistry staining of mismatch repair proteins in individuals with suspected Lynch syndrome. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1069467. [PMID: 36793599 PMCID: PMC9923021 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1069467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Tumor immunohistochemical staining (IHC) of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins is often used to guide germline genetic testing and variant classification for patients with suspected Lynch syndrome. This analysis examined the spectrum of germline findings in a cohort of individuals showing abnormal tumor IHC. Methods We assessed individuals with reported abnormal IHC findings and referred for testing with a six-gene syndrome-specific panel (n=703). Pathogenic variants (PVs) and variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in MMR genes were designated expected/unexpected relative to IHC results. Results The PV positive rate was 23.2% (163/703; 95% confidence interval [CI], 20.1%-26.5%); 8.0% (13/163; 95% CI, 4.3%-13.3%) of PV carriers had a PV in an unexpected MMR gene. Overall, 121 individuals carried VUS in MMR genes expected to be mutated based on IHC results. Based on independent evidence, in 47.1% (57/121; 95% CI, 38.0%-56.4%) of these individuals the VUSs were later reclassified as benign and in 14.0% (17/121; 95% CI, 8.4%-21.5%) of these individuals the VUSs were reclassified as pathogenic. Conclusions Among patients with abnormal IHC findings, IHC-guided single-gene genetic testing may miss 8% of individuals with Lynch syndrome. In addition, in patients with VUS identified in MMR genes predicted to be mutated by IHC, extreme caution must be taken when the IHC results are considered in variant classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Pan
- Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Hannah Cox
- Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jamie Willmott
- Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Erin Mundt
- Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Heidi Gorringe
- Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Michelle Landon
- Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Karla R Bowles
- Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Bradford Coffee
- Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Benjamin B Roa
- Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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21
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Li Q, Tong D, Jing X, Ma P, Li F, Jiang Q, Zhang J, Wen H, Cui M, Huang C, Zhang M. MAD2L1 is transcriptionally regulated by TEAD4 and promotes cell proliferation and migration in colorectal cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:727-737. [PMID: 36599972 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of network regulation in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been constantly improved. Here, we investigated the biological effects of TEAD4-MAD2L1 axis on proliferation and metastasis of human CRC cells. This study revealed that the expressions of MAD2L1 and TEAD4 in CRC tissues and CRC cell lines were significantly higher than those in adjacent epithelial tissues and normal intestinal epithelial cell line NCM460, and their expressions were significantly positively correlated; Moreover, inhibiting the expression of MAD2L1 or TEAD4 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of CRC cells and promote apoptosis. In addition, the promoter region of MAD2L1 gene has a TEAD4 binding site (motif sequence), and the transcription of MAD2L1 is positively regulated by TEAD4 protein; The inhibition of promotion/migration and promotion of apoptosis of CRC cells by silencing TEAD4 can be saved by the high expression of MAD2L1. In conclusion, our study suggests that the transcription and expression of MAD2L1 is regulated by TEAD4, which further promotes the proliferation and migration of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo, and inhibits apoptosis. MAD2L1 and TEAD4 are potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710077, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongdong Tong
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xintao Jing
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peihan Ma
- Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Li
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiuyu Jiang
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710077, Shaanxi, China
| | - Manli Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710077, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chen Huang
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710077, Shaanxi, China. .,Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China.
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22
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Sun G, Fu G, Tang Y, Yi J, Su R, Liu W, Lu X, Li X. A novel frameshift mutation of the ATM gene in a Chinese family with hereditary gastrointestinal tumors. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2087105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gongping Sun
- The Third General Surgery of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanyu Fu
- China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanxin Tang
- The Third General Surgery of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjie Yi
- China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongjun Su
- The Second General Surgery of Yan’an People’s Hospital, Yan’an City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Second General Surgery of Yan’an People’s Hospital, Yan’an City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- The Sixth General Surgery of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Factors Associated with the Uptake of Genetic Testing for Cancer Risks: A Pathway Analysis Using the Health Information National Trends Survey Data. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12122024. [PMID: 36556389 PMCID: PMC9786267 DOI: 10.3390/life12122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to identify pathways from the source of information to the uptake of cancer genetic testing, with consideration of intermediate variables including perceptional, attitudinal and psychosocial factors. We used the Health Information National Trends Survey (2020 database) and constructed a structural equation model for pathway analysis (using SPSS version 24). Variables for socio-demographic, lifestyle and health information were also collected and used for confounding adjustment. A total of 2941 participants were analyzed (68.5%, non-Hispanic white; 59.7%, females; 58 years, median age; and 142 (4.8%) had undertaken genetic testing for cancer risk previously). Our pathway analysis found that only information from particular sources (i.e., healthcare providers and genetic counsellors) had positive and significant effects on people’s perceptions of cancer regarding its prevention, detection and treatment (standardized β range, 0.15−0.31, all p-values < 0.01). Following the paths, these perceptional variables (cancer prevention, detection and treatment) showed considerable positive impacts on the uptake of genetic testing (standardized β (95% CIs): 0.25 (0.20, 0.30), 0.28 (0.23, 0.33) and 0.12 (0.06, 0.17), respectively). Pathways involving attitudinal and psychosocial factors showed much smaller or insignificant effects on the uptake of genetic testing. Our study brings several novel perspectives to the behavior model and may underpin certain issues regarding cancer risk genetic testing.
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24
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Cai Z, Chang C, Zhou M, Zhang B, Liu C, Cao D. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and aspirin for preventing colorectal adenomas and cancers in the general population. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2022; 2022:CD015266. [PMCID: PMC9717648 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or aspirin, or both, for preventing colorectal adenomas and cancers in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhaolun Cai
- Gastric Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chen Chang
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Muke Zhou
- Division of NeurologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bo Zhang
- Gastric Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy CenterWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dan Cao
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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25
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Yang W, Guo C, Herman JG, Zhu C, Lv H, Su X, Zhang L, Zhang M, Guo M. Epigenetic silencing of JAM3 promotes esophageal cancer development by activating Wnt signaling. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:164. [PMID: 36461092 PMCID: PMC9719220 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of JAM3 in different tumors is controversial. The epigenetic regulation and the mechanism of JAM3 remain to be elucidated in human esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS Eleven EC cell lines, 49 cases of esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) and 760 cases of primary EC samples were employed. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, MTT, western blot and xenograft mouse models were applied in this study. RESULTS The inverse association between RNA expression and promoter region methylation of JAM3 was found by analyzing 185 cases of EC samples extracted from the TCGA database (p < 0.05). JAM3 was highly expressed in KYSE450, KYSE520, TE1 and YES2 cells, low level expressed in KYSE70 cells and unexpressed in KYSE30, KYSE150, KYSE410, KYSE510, TE13 and BIC1 cells. JAM3 was unmethylated in KYSE450, KYSE520, TE1 and YES2 cells, partial methylated in KYSE70 cells and completely methylated in KYSE30, KYSE150, KYSE410, KYSE510, TE13 and BIC1 cells. The expression of JAM3 is correlated with methylation status. The levels of JAM3 were unchanged in KYSE450, KYSE520, TE1 and YES2 cells, increased in KYSE70 cells and restored expression in KYSE30, KYSE150, KYSE410, KYSE510, TE13 and BIC1 cells after 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment, suggesting that the expression of JAM3 is regulated by promoter region methylation. JAM3 was methylated in 26.5% (13/49) of EIN and 51.1% (388/760) of primary EC, and methylation of JAM3 was associated significantly with tumor differentiation and family history (all p < 0.05). Methylation of JAM3 is an independent prognostic factor of poor 5-year overall survival (p < 0.05). JAM3 suppresses cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion and induces G1/S arrest and apoptosis in EC. Further study demonstrated that JAM3 suppressed EC cells and xenograft tumor growth by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. CONCLUSION JAM3 is frequently methylated in human EC, and the expression of JAM3 is regulated by promoter region methylation. JAM3 methylation is an early detection and prognostic marker of EC. JAM3 suppresses EC growth both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yang
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Chao Guo
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - James G. Herman
- grid.478063.e0000 0004 0456 9819The Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China ,grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Medical College of NanKai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Honghui Lv
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Xiaomo Su
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
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26
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Ling Q, Zheng B, Chen X, Ye S, Cheng Q. The employment of vaccinia virus for colorectal cancer treatment: A review of preclinical and clinical studies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2143698. [PMID: 36369829 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2143698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading malignancies that causes death worldwide. Cancer vaccines and oncolytic immunotherapy bring new hope for patients with advanced CRC. The capability of vaccinia virus (VV) in carrying foreign genes as antigens or immunostimulatory factors has been demonstrated in animal models. VV of Wyeth, Western Reserve, Lister, Tian Tan, and Copenhagen strains have been engineered for the induction of antitumor response in multiple cancers. This paper summarized the preclinical and clinical application and development of VV serving as cancer vaccines and oncolytic vectors in CRC treatment. Additionally, the remaining challenges and future direction are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Ling
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bichun Zheng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shaoshun Ye
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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27
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Poliani L, Greco L, Barile M, Dal Buono A, Bianchi P, Basso G, Giatti V, Genuardi M, Malesci A, Laghi L. Canonical and uncanonical pathogenic germline variants in colorectal cancer patients by next-generation sequencing in a European referral center. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100607. [PMID: 36356413 PMCID: PMC9808471 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), data concerning the gain in germline pathogenic variants (PVs) remain scanty, especially with respect to uncanonical ones. We aimed to verify the impact of different cancer predisposition genes (CPGs) on colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients referred for genetic evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled for NGS, by Illumina TruSight Cancer panel comprising 94 CPGs, 190 consecutive subjects referred for microsatellite instability (MSI) CRC, polyposis, and/or family history. RESULTS Overall, 51 (26.8%) subjects carried 64 PVs; PVs coexisted in 4 (7.8%) carriers. PVs in mismatch repair (MMR) genes accounted for one-third of variant burden (31.3%). Four Lynch syndrome patients (20%) harbored additional PVs (HOXB13, CHEK2, BRCA1, NF1 plus BRIP1); such multiple PVs occurred only in subjects with PVs in mismatch syndrome genes (4/20 versus 0/31; P = 0.02). Five of 22 (22.7%) patients with MSI cancers but wild-type MMR genes harbored PVs in unconventional genes (FANCL, FANCA, ATM, PTCH1, BAP1). In 10/63 patients (15.9%) with microsatellite stable CRC, 6 had MUTYH PVs (2 being homozygous) and 4 exhibited uncanonical PVs (BRCA2, BRIP1, MC1R, ATM). In polyposis, we detected PVs in 13 (25.5%) cases: 5 (9.8%) in APC, 6 (11.8%) with biallelic PVs in MUTYH, and 2 (3.9%) in uncanonical genes (FANCM, XPC). In subjects tested for family history only, we detected two carriers (18.2%) with PVs (ATM, MUTYH). CONCLUSION Uncanonical variants may account for up to one-third of PVs, underlining the urgent need of consensus on clinical advice for incidental findings in cancer-predisposing genes not related to patient phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Poliani
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale San Raffaele, UO Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Greco
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - M. Barile
- Hereditary Cancer Genetic Clinic, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - A. Dal Buono
- Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - P. Bianchi
- Medical Analysis Laboratory, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - G. Basso
- Genomic Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - V. Giatti
- Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - M. Genuardi
- Genomic Unit—Department of Laboratory and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Malesci
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Laghi
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy,Correspondence to: Prof. Luigi Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Medicine Tower, Floor 1, via A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy. Tel: +39(0)521-703749
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28
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Sung JJY, Chiu HM, Lieberman D, Kuipers EJ, Rutter MD, Macrae F, Yeoh KG, Ang TL, Chong VH, John S, Li J, Wu K, Ng SSM, Makharia GK, Abdullah M, Kobayashi N, Sekiguchi M, Byeon JS, Kim HS, Parry S, Cabral-Prodigalidad PAI, Wu DC, Khomvilai S, Lui RN, Wong S, Lin YM, Dekker E. Third Asia-Pacific consensus recommendations on colorectal cancer screening and postpolypectomy surveillance. Gut 2022; 71:2152-2166. [PMID: 36002247 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The Asia-Pacific region has the largest number of cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) and one of the highest levels of mortality due to this condition in the world. Since the publishing of two consensus recommendations in 2008 and 2015, significant advancements have been made in our knowledge of epidemiology, pathology and the natural history of the adenoma-carcinoma progression. Based on the most updated epidemiological and clinical studies in this region, considering literature from international studies, and adopting the modified Delphi process, the Asia-Pacific Working Group on Colorectal Cancer Screening has updated and revised their recommendations on (1) screening methods and preferred strategies; (2) age for starting and terminating screening for CRC; (3) screening for individuals with a family history of CRC or advanced adenoma; (4) surveillance for those with adenomas; (5) screening and surveillance for sessile serrated lesions and (6) quality assurance of screening programmes. Thirteen countries/regions in the Asia-Pacific region were represented in this exercise. International advisors from North America and Europe were invited to participate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Finlay Macrae
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Vui Heng Chong
- Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Hospital, Brunei, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Sneha John
- Digestive Health, Endoscopy, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jingnan Li
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Simon S M Ng
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Murdani Abdullah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatibiliar and Digestive Endoscopy. Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Human Cancer Research Center. IMERI. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nozomu Kobayashi
- Cancer Screening Center/ Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Screening Technology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masau Sekiguchi
- Cancer Screening Center/ Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Screening Technology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeong-Sik Byeon
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Susan Parry
- National Bowel Screening Programme, New Zealand Ministry of Health, Auckland, New Zealand.,The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Rashid N Lui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sunny Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Yu-Min Lin
- Shin Kong Wu Ho Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - E Dekker
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Alvandi E, Wong WKM, Joglekar MV, Spring KJ, Hardikar AA. Short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the incidence and risk-stratification of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2022; 20:323. [PMID: 36184594 PMCID: PMC9528142 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial role of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), is well recognized, although the available literature around their role in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been inconsistent. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the associations of fecal SCFA concentrations to the incidence and risk of CRC. Data extraction through Medline, Embase, and Web of Science was carried out from database conception to June 29, 2022. Predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria led to the selection of 17 case-control and six cross-sectional studies for quality assessment and analyses. Studies were categorized for CRC risk or incidence, and RevMan 5.4 was used to perform the meta-analyses. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Studies lacking quantitation were included in qualitative analyses. RESULTS Combined analysis of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid revealed significantly lower concentrations of these SCFAs in individuals with a high-risk of CRC (SMD = 2.02, 95% CI 0.31 to 3.74, P = 0.02). Additionally, CRC incidence was higher in individuals with lower levels of SCFAs (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.72, P = 0.0009), compared to healthy individuals. Qualitative analyses identified 70.4% of studies reporting significantly lower concentrations of fecal acetic, propionic, butyric acid, or total SCFAs in those at higher risk of CRC, while 66.7% reported significantly lower concentrations of fecal acetic and butyric acid in CRC patients compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Overall, lower fecal concentrations of the three major SCFAs are associated with higher risk of CRC and incidence of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Alvandi
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Wilson K M Wong
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin J Spring
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia. .,South-West Sydney Clinical Campuses, UNSW Medicine & Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Liverpool Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia. .,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark.
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30
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CAF-derived exosomal WEE2-AS1 facilitates colorectal cancer progression via promoting degradation of MOB1A to inhibit the Hippo pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:796. [PMID: 36123327 PMCID: PMC9485119 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and closely involved in tumor progression. However, the precise biological functions and molecular mechanisms of CAFs in the TME have yet to be understood. Here, we demonstrate that WEE2-AS1 is highly expressed in the CAF-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Moreover, WEE2-AS1 is markedly higher in plasma sEVs of CRC patients than in healthy subjects and its high level predicts advanced pathological staging and poor survival. Then, we conducted a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Elevated expression of WEE2-AS1 in sEVs increases CRC cell proliferation in vitro. Importantly, aberrant CAF-sEVsWEE2-AS1 leads to tumor formation and progression in BALB/c nude mice and promotes AOM/DSS-induced tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, WEE2-AS1 functions as a modular scaffold for the MOB1A and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase praja2 complexes, leading to MOB1A degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The Hippo pathway is then inhibited and more YAP are transported into the nucleus, where they activate downstream gene transcription. Together, our data reveal that CAF-sEVsWEE2-AS1 interacts with MOB1A, promotes degradation of MOB1A, inhibits the Hippo pathway, and facilitates the growth of CRC cells. Hence, exosomal WEE2-AS1 may be a promising therapeutic target and circulating biomarker for CRC diagnosis and prognosis.
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31
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Yu T, Ben S, Ma L, Jiang L, Chen S, Lin Y, Chen T, Li S, Zhu L. Genetic variants in autophagy-related gene ATG2B predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:876424. [PMID: 35992821 PMCID: PMC9389459 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.876424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy-related genes have a vital effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) by affecting genomic stability and regulating immune responses. However, the associations between genetic variants in autophagy-related genes and CRC outcomes for chemotherapy therapy remain unclear. The Cox regression model was used to evaluate the associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in autophagy-related genes and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of CRC patients. The results were corrected by the false discovery rate (FDR) correction. We used the logistic regression model to investigate the associations of SNPs with the disease control rate (DCR) of patients. Gene expression analysis was explored based on an in-house dataset and other databases. The associations between gene expression and infiltrating immune cells were evaluated using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database. We observed that ATG2B rs17094017 A > T was significantly associated with increased OS (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.50-0.86, P = 2.54×10-3), PFS (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.62-0.93, P = 7.34×10-3), and DCR (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.37-0.96, P = 3.31×10-2) of CRC patients after chemotherapy. The expression of ATG2B was down-expressed in CRC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, ATG2B expression influenced the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, and T cell receptor signaling pathways, which may inhibit the occurrence of CRC by affecting the immune system. This study suggests that genetic variants in the autophagy-related gene ATG2B play a critical role in predicting the prognosis of CRC prognosis undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Ben
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Silu Chen
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lingjun Zhu, ; Shuwei Li, ; Tao Chen,
| | - Shuwei Li
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lingjun Zhu, ; Shuwei Li, ; Tao Chen,
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oncology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lingjun Zhu, ; Shuwei Li, ; Tao Chen,
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32
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Kuo CY, Wu JW, Yeh JH, Wang WL, Tu CH, Chiu HM, Liao WC. Implementing precision medicine in endoscopy practice. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1455-1468. [PMID: 35778863 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the "one-size-fits-all" approach, precision medicine focuses on providing health care tailored to individual variabilities. Implementing precision medicine in endoscopy practice involves selecting the appropriate procedures among the endoscopic armamentarium in the diagnosis and management of patients in a logical sequence, jointly considering the pretest probabilities of possible diagnoses, patients' comorbidities and preference, and risk-benefit ratio of the individual procedures given the clinical scenario. The aim of this review is to summarize evidence-supported strategies and measures that may enhance precision medicine in general endoscopy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ya Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Wei Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Jin-Shan Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hao Yeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Tu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang Y, Chao D, Chung C, Chou Y, Chang C, Lin C, Chu H, Chen H, Liu T, Juan Y, Chang S, Chang J. Cancer carrier screening in the general population using whole-genome sequencing. Cancer Med 2022; 12:1972-1983. [PMID: 35861108 PMCID: PMC9883534 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a major cause of death, and its early identification and intervention have potential for clinical actionability and benefits for human health. The studies using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and large samples analysis of cancer-related genes have been rarely done. METHODS We performed WGS to explore germline mutations in coding and non-coding areas of cancer-related genes and non-coding driver genes and regulatory areas. Structural variants (SVs) was also analyzed. We used several tools and a subgrouping method to analyze the variants in 1491 healthy participants. Moreover, 275 cancer-related genes sequencing was carried out in 125 cancer patients. RESULTS The incidence of familial cancer in the Taiwanese general population is 8.79% (131/1491). Cancer carrier rate of cancer-related genes is about 7.04% (105/1491) for pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (P/LP) on ClinVar database only, and 28.24% (421/1491) for P/LP and loss of function variants. The carrier frequencies of cancer-related genes P/LP on ClinVar database were as follows: 8.40% (11/131), 7.11% (28/394), and 6.83% (66/966) in FC, 1MC, and nMC, respectively. The SVs and non-coding driver gene variants are uncommon. There are 1.54% (23/1491) of actionable cancer genes in American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), and the germline mutation rate of 275 cancer-related genes is 7.2% (9/125) in cancer patients including 4.0% (5/125) of actionable cancer genes in ACMG. After analyzing the frequencies of P/LP variants on GJB2 and SLC25A13 genes, we suggest that these two genes may not be cancer-related genes and need be re-evaluated. CONCLUSIONS WGS analysis can completely detect germline mutations in cancer carriers. This study use subgrouping approach for samples provides a strategy to study whether a gene or variant is a cancer-related gene or variant in the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Sian Chang
- Center for Precision MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Epigenome Research CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Dy‐San Chao
- Center for Precision MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Epigenome Research CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chin‐Chun Chung
- Center for Precision MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Pao Chou
- Center for Precision MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Epigenome Research CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chieh‐Min Chang
- Center for Precision MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Epigenome Research CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Li Lin
- Center for Precision MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Hou‐Wei Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences|Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hon‐Da Chen
- Center for Precision MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Epigenome Research CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ting‐Yuan Liu
- Center for Precision MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Hsuan Juan
- Center for Precision MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Shun‐Jen Chang
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure StudiesNational University of KaohsiungKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Jan‐Gowth Chang
- Center for Precision MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Epigenome Research CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical EngineeringAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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FAM126A interacted with ENO1 mediates proliferation and metastasis in pancreatic cancer via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:248. [PMID: 35513377 PMCID: PMC9072533 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a common digestive system carcinoma with high mortality rate mostly due to aberrant growth and distant metastasis. Current researches demonstrated that Family Sequence Similarities (FAMs) have been involving in tumor development, and which subfamily has the function of promoting or inhibiting tumors and its in-depth molecular mechanism remains unclear. Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA2), we observed that FAM126A is in high expressed level among PC tissues and contributes to worse progression of PC, which was validated by PC tissue microarray. Function assay indicated that overexpression of FAM126A accelerates PC cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro, as well as liver cancer metastasis in vivo. Further, we found that FAM126A induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including the downregulation of E-cadherin epithelial marker expression, and the upregulation of N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail, mesenchymal marker expression. By co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we confirmed that FAM126A directly interacts with ENO1, which was a key activator of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, ENO1 knockdown reversed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of PC cells promoted by FAM126A overexpression in vitro and in vivo. In general, these results verified FAM126A is an oncogene interacting with ENO1 in PC by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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35
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Currais P, Rosa I, Claro I. Colorectal cancer carcinogenesis: From bench to bedside. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:654-663. [PMID: 35321283 PMCID: PMC8919024 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i3.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the main causes of cancer death in developed countries. Yet, it is potentially preventable, by removing the precursor lesions - adenomas or serrated lesions. Several studies proved that this intervention reduces CRC mortality and that the first colonoscopy’s results can guide surveillance strategies. More recently, it became clear that several carcinogenesis pathways may lead to sporadic CRC. CRC is a heterogeneous disease, characterized by multiple molecular subtypes. Three main pathways have been implicated in the development of CRC: Chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, and the “serrated” pathways, with overlapping features between them. This and other molecular and genetic based CRC classifications are known to have clinical implications, spanning from familial risk assessment to therapy choices. The authors review basic science data and provide insight on current implications for the management of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Currais
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa 1099-023, Portugal
| | - Isadora Rosa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa 1099-023, Portugal
| | - Isabel Claro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa 1099-023, Portugal
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Man J, Ni Y, Yang X, Zhang T, Yuan Z, Chen H, Chen X, Lu M, Ye W. Healthy Lifestyle Factors, Cancer Family History, and Gastric Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in China. Front Nutr 2022; 8:774530. [PMID: 35004808 PMCID: PMC8727865 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.774530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to explore the relationship between lifestyle factors, cancer family history, and gastric cancer risk. Methods: We examined the association between lifestyle factors, cancer family history, and gastric cancer risk based on a population-based case-control study in Taixing, China, with 870 cases and 1928 controls. A lifestyle score was constructed considering body shape, smoking, alcohol drinking, tooth brushing habit, and food storage method. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Compared with participants with a lifestyle score of 0, subjects with a lifestyle score of 1 (OR 0.59, 95%CI 0.43–0.83), 2 (OR 0.42, 95%CI 0.30–0.59), 3 (OR 0.29, 95%CI 0.20–0.41), 4 (OR 0.20, 95%CI 0.13–0.32), or 5 (OR 0.10, 95%CI 0.04–0.22) had a lower risk of gastric cancer (P for trend < 0.001). Overall, 34% of gastric cancer cases (95%CI 27–41%) can be attributed to non-compliance with ≥3 healthy lifestyle. Family history of early-onset cancer is closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer, with an OR ranging from 1.77 to 3.27. Regardless of family history, a good lifestyle is associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer, with an OR value between 0.38 and 0.70. Conclusions: The early-onset cancer family history is closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer and a good lifestyle is associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer regardless of family history. Our results provide a basis for identifying and providing behavior guidance of high-risk groups of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Man
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingchun Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongchao Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Abstract
Peritoneal surface malignancies comprise a heterogeneous group of primary tumours, including peritoneal mesothelioma, and peritoneal metastases of other tumours, including ovarian, gastric, colorectal, appendicular or pancreatic cancers. The pathophysiology of peritoneal malignancy is complex and not fully understood. The two main hypotheses are the transformation of mesothelial cells (peritoneal primary tumour) and shedding of cells from a primary tumour with implantation of cells in the peritoneal cavity (peritoneal metastasis). Diagnosis is challenging and often requires modern imaging and interventional techniques, including surgical exploration. In the past decade, new treatments and multimodal strategies helped to improve patient survival and quality of life and the premise that peritoneal malignancies are fatal diseases has been dismissed as management strategies, including complete cytoreductive surgery embedded in perioperative systemic chemotherapy, can provide cure in selected patients. Furthermore, intraperitoneal chemotherapy has become an important part of combination treatments. Improving locoregional treatment delivery to enhance penetration to tumour nodules and reduce systemic uptake is one of the most active research areas. The current main challenges involve not only offering the best treatment option and developing intraperitoneal therapies that are equivalent to current systemic therapies but also defining the optimal treatment sequence according to primary tumour, disease extent and patient preferences. New imaging modalities, less invasive surgery, nanomedicines and targeted therapies are the basis for a new era of intraperitoneal therapy and are beginning to show encouraging outcomes.
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38
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Lee JW. Long-term Risk of Colorectal Cancer Development According to Adenoma Detection Rate. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2021.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
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Xi Y, Xu P. Global colorectal cancer burden in 2020 and projections to 2040. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101174. [PMID: 34243011 PMCID: PMC8273208 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 831] [Impact Index Per Article: 277.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the third most common malignancy and the second most deadly cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC) induces estimated 1.9 million incidence cases and 0.9 million deaths worldwide in 2020. The incidence of CRC is higher in highly developed countries, and it is increasing in middle- and low-income countries due to westernization. Moreover, a rising incidence of early-onset CRC is also emerging. The large number of CRC cases poses a growing global public health challenge. Raising awareness of CRC is important to promote healthy lifestyle choices, novel strategies for CRC management, and implementation of global screening programs, which are critical to reducing CRC morbidity and mortality in the future. CRC is a heterogeneous disease, and its subtype affiliation influences prognosis and therapeutic response. An accurate CRC subtype classification system is of great significance for basic research and clinical outcome. Here, we present the global epidemiology of CRC in 2020 and projections for 2040, review the major CRC subtypes to better understand CRC molecular basis, and summarize current risk factors, prevention, and screening strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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40
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Patterns and grades of presentation of colon cancer in Northern Saudi Arabia. PRZEGLAD GASTROENTEROLOGICZNY 2021; 16:235-239. [PMID: 34584586 PMCID: PMC8456767 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2021.104168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The primary concern related to colon cancer in Saudi Arabia is the presentation of many patients with advanced disease stages. Aim To determine the patterns and grades of colon cancer presentation in Northern Saudi Arabia. Material and methods Retrieved data and tissue blocks related to 50 colorectal patients from King Khalid Hospital, Hai'l province, Northern Saudi Arabia were used. The sample represented all available colorectal specimens (full coverage of cancer cases within 10 years). The retrieved data included a full histopathology report, gender, and age. All tissues were retrieved in the form of formalin-fixed paraffin wax processed blocks. The tissues were found to be obtained in the form of colonoscopy or/and biopsy. Results The diagnosed colon cancers included conventional adenocarcinoma 36 (72%), mucinous adenocarcinoma 4 (8%), carcinoma-in-situ 4 (8%), and invasive adenocarcinoma 6 (12%). Moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated stages were confirmed in 46 (92%) and 4 (8%), respectively. Conclusions Conventional adenocarcinoma is the most common presenting colon cancer at and relatively younger age. Mucinous adenocarcinoma is frequently presented in female patients of a somewhat more youthful generation. Most patients are diagnosed with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, followed by poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The findings necessitate the urgent intervention of national policies for early detection by implementing sustainable screening programs.
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Cai Z, Suo L, Huang Z. Isoflurane Suppresses Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion and Facilitates Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells Through Targeting miR-216. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:658926. [PMID: 34458282 PMCID: PMC8385302 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.658926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Surgery is the first line treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Anesthetic isoflurane may improve outcomes of cancer surgery. Herein, we investigated the effects of isoflurane on malignant behaviors of CRC cells and its underlying therapeutic target. Methods: SW620 and HCT116 CRC cells were exposed to a series of concentrations of isoflurane. CCK-8 assay was utilized for determination of the optimal concentration of isoflurane. Under treatment with isoflurane, proliferation, migration, and invasion were separately assessed via clone formation and transwell assays. Apoptotic levels were observed via flow cytometry and expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase3 proteins was quantified through western blot. MiR-216 expression was detected in isoflurane-induced SW620 and HCT116 cells by RT-qPCR. Following transfection with miR-216 mimic, malignant biological behaviors were examined in isoflurane-treated SW620 and HCT116 cells. Results: 40 μM isoflurane distinctly restrained proliferative, migrated, and invasive capacities and elevated apoptotic levels in SW620 and HCT116 cells. Up-regulation of miR-216 was found in CRC cells. Its expression was suppressed by isoflurane. MiR-216 mimic ameliorated the reduction in proliferation, migration, and invasion and the increase in apoptosis for 40 μM isoflurane-induced SW620 and HCT116 cells. Conclusion: Isoflurane, a promising drug of CRC, may suppress malignant biological behaviors of tumor cells. Furthermore, miR-216 is an underlying target of isoflurane. Thus, isoflurane could be adopted for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Liangyuan Suo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Zeqing Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
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Hinoi T. Cancer Genomic Profiling in Colorectal Cancer: Current Challenges in Subtyping Colorectal Cancers Based on Somatic and Germline Variants. J Anus Rectum Colon 2021; 5:213-228. [PMID: 34395933 PMCID: PMC8321592 DOI: 10.23922/jarc.2021-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease caused by the accumulation of multistep genetic alterations under the influence of genomic instability. Different backgrounds of genomic instability, such as chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, hypermutated-single nucleotide variants, and genome stable-induced transformation in the colonic epithelium, can result in adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and metastatic tumors. Characterization of molecular subtypes and establishment of treatment policies based on each subtype will lead to better treatment outcomes and an improved selection of molecularly targeted agents. In Japan, cancer precision medicine has been introduced in the National Health Insurance program through the addition of the cancer genomic profiling (CGP) examination. It has also become possible to access a large amount of genomic information, including information on pathogenic somatic and germline variants, incomparable to conventional diagnostic tests. This information enables us to apply research data to clinical decision-making, benefiting patients and their healthy family members. In this article, we discuss the important molecules and signaling pathways presumed to be the driver genes of CRC progression and the signal transduction system in which they are involved. Molecular subtypes of CRC based on CGP examinations and gene expression profiles have been established in The Cancer Genome Atlas Network with the advent of next-generation sequencing technology. We will also discuss the recommended management of secondary/germline findings, pathogenic germline variants, and presumed germline pathogenic variants obtained from CGP examination and review the current challenges to better understand these data in a new era of cancer genomic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Hinoi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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43
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Chen H, Liu L, Lu M, Zhang Y, Lu B, Zhu Y, Tian J, Li X, Nie S, Miao X, Dai M. Implications of Lifestyle Factors and Polygenic Risk Score for Absolute Risk Prediction of Colorectal Neoplasm and Risk-Adapted Screening. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:685410. [PMID: 34336927 PMCID: PMC8324207 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.685410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Estimation of absolute risk of developing colorectal neoplasm is essential for personalized colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. We developed models to determine relative and absolute risks of colorectal neoplasm based on lifestyle and genetic variants and to validate their application in risk-adapted screening. Methods: We prospectively collected data from 203 advanced neoplasms, 464 non-advanced adenomas, and 1,213 healthy controls from a CRC screening trial in China in 2018–2019. The risk prediction model based on four lifestyle factors and a polygenic risk score (PRS) consisted of 19 CRC-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We assessed the relative and 10-year absolute risks of developing colorectal neoplasm and the yield of a risk-adapted screening approach incorporating risk models, fecal immunochemical test, and colonoscopy. Results: Compared to the participants with favorable lifestyle and lower PRS, those with unfavorable lifestyle and higher PRS had 2.87- and 3.79-fold higher risk of colorectal neoplasm in males and females, respectively. For a 50-year-old man or a 50-year-old woman with the highest risk profile, the estimated 10-year absolute risk of developing colorectal neoplasm was 6.59% (95% CI: 6.53–6.65%) and 4.19% (95% CI: 4.11–4.28%), respectively, compared to 2.80% (95% CI: 2.78–2.81%) for men and 2.24% (95% CI: 2.21–2.27%) for women with the lowest risk profile. The positive predictive value for advanced neoplasm was 31.7%, and the number of colonoscopies needed to detect one advanced neoplasm was 3.2. Conclusion: The risk models, absolute risk estimates, and risk-adapted screening presented in our study would contribute to developing effective personalized CRC prevention and screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Chen
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianbo Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaofa Nie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Dai
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Approximately 10% of patients with gastric cancer show familial aggregation and up to 3% are related to an inherited cancer syndrome. There are multiple germline pathogenic variants and cancer syndromes associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Appropriate assessment of familial and genetic risk may allow a personalized approach to gastric cancer prevention through screening and risk-reducing surgeries. The ability to better identify carriers with pathogenic genetic variants associated with gastric cancer before a diagnosis of cancer requires effective genetic risk assessment and testing, followed by optimal screening and surveillance recommendations to further reduce the morbidity and mortality.
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45
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Human Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Models as a Missing Link in Drug Discovery and Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060525. [PMID: 34070895 PMCID: PMC8230131 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), have the potential to accelerate the drug discovery and development process. In this review, by analyzing each stage of the drug discovery and development process, we identified the active role of hPSC-derived in vitro models in phenotypic screening, target-based screening, target validation, toxicology evaluation, precision medicine, clinical trial in a dish, and post-clinical studies. Patient-derived or genome-edited PSCs can generate valid in vitro models for dissecting disease mechanisms, discovering novel drug targets, screening drug candidates, and preclinically and post-clinically evaluating drug safety and efficacy. With the advances in modern biotechnologies and developmental biology, hPSC-derived in vitro models will hopefully improve the cost-effectiveness and the success rate of drug discovery and development.
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46
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A Review of Colorectal Cancer in Terms of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Development, Symptoms and Diagnosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092025. [PMID: 33922197 PMCID: PMC8122718 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article contains a concise consideration of genetic and environmental risk factors for colorectal cancer. Known risk factors associated with colorectal cancer include familial and hereditary factors and lifestyle-related and ecological factors. Lifestyle factors are significant because of the potential for improving our understanding of the disease. Physical inactivity, obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption can also be addressed through therapeutic interventions. We also made efforts to systematize available literature and data on epidemiology, diagnosis, type and nature of symptoms and disease stages. Further study of colorectal cancer and progress made globally is crucial to inform future strategies in controlling the disease's burden through population-based preventative initiatives.
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Milo Rasouly H, Aggarwal V, Bier L, Goldstein DB, Gharavi AG. Cases in Precision Medicine: Genetic Testing to Predict Future Risk for Disease in a Healthy Patient. Ann Intern Med 2021; 174:540-547. [PMID: 33460345 DOI: 10.7326/m20-5713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic testing is performed more routinely in clinical practice, and direct-to-consumer tests are widely available. It has obvious appeal as a preventive health measure. Clinicians and their healthy patients increasingly inquire about genetic testing as a tool for predicting diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, or dementia. Despite demonstrated utility for diagnosis in the setting of many diseases, genetic testing still has many limitations as a predictive tool for healthy persons. This article uses a hypothetical case to review key considerations for predictive genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Milo Rasouly
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York (H.M.R., A.G.G.)
| | - Vimla Aggarwal
- Hammer Health Sciences, New York, New York (V.A., L.B., D.B.G.)
| | - Louise Bier
- Hammer Health Sciences, New York, New York (V.A., L.B., D.B.G.)
| | | | - Ali G Gharavi
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York (H.M.R., A.G.G.)
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48
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Burnett-Hartman AN, Lee JK, Demb J, Gupta S. An Update on the Epidemiology, Molecular Characterization, Diagnosis, and Screening Strategies for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1041-1049. [PMID: 33417940 PMCID: PMC8273929 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rising trends in the incidence and mortality of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) in those who are younger than 50 years have been well established. These trends have spurred intense investigation focused on elucidating the epidemiology and characteristics of early-onset CRC, as well as on identifying strategies for early detection and prevention. In this review, we provide a contemporary update on early-onset CRC with a particular focus on epidemiology, molecular characterization, red flag signs and symptoms, and screening for early-onset CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey K Lee
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California; Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
| | - Joshua Demb
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Samir Gupta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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49
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Kolb JM, Ahnen DJ, Samadder NJ. Evidenced-Based Screening Strategies for a Positive Family History. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2020; 30:597-609. [PMID: 32439091 PMCID: PMC7302941 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The most commonly recognized high-risk group for colorectal cancer (CRC) is individuals with a positive family history. It is generally recognized that those with a first-degree relative (FDR) with CRC are at a 2-fold or higher risk of CRC or advanced neoplasia. FDRs of patients with advanced adenomas have a similarly increased risk. Accordingly, all major US guidelines recommend starting CRC screening by age 40 in these groups. Barriers to screening this group include patient lack of knowledge on family and polyp history, provider limitations in collecting family history, and insufficient application of guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Kolb
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Colorado Hospital, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA;,Corresponding author. Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Colorado Hospital, Anschutz Medical Campus, 1635 Aurora Court, F735, Aurora, CO 80045.,
| | - Dennis J. Ahnen
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Colorado Hospital, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - N. Jewel Samadder
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 5881 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA;,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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50
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Ng ZQ, Wijesuriya R, Misur P, Tan JH, Moe KS, Theophilus M. Opportunistic use of radiological measures of visceral adiposity for assessment of risk of colorectal adenoma. ANZ J Surg 2020; 90:2298-2303. [PMID: 32501646 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggested that radiological measures of visceral adiposity are a better tool for risk assessment of colorectal adenomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of visceral adiposity with the development of colorectal adenomas. METHODS A retrospective review of all cases of computed tomography-confirmed acute diverticulitis from November 2015 to April 2018 was performed. Data collated included basic demographics, computed tomography scan results (uncomplicated versus complicated diverticulitis), treatment modality (conservative versus intervention), outcomes and follow-up colonoscopy results within 12 months of presentation. The patients were divided into no adenoma (A) and adenoma (B) groups. Visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and VFA/SFA ratio (V/S) were measured at L4/L5 level. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluation the association of VFA, SFA, V/S and different thresholds with the risk of adenoma formation. RESULTS A total of 169 patients were included in this study (A:B = 123:46). The mean ± standard deviation for VFA was higher in group B (201 ± 87 cm2 versus 176 ± 79 cm2 ) with a trend towards statistical significance (P = 0.08). There was no difference in SFA and V/S in both groups. When the VFA >200 cm2 was analysed, it was associated with a threefold risk of adenoma formation (odds ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.35-5.50, P = 0.006). Subgroup analysis of gender with VFA, SFA and V/S found that males have a significantly higher VFA in group B (220.0 ± 95.2 cm2 versus 187.3 ± 69.2 cm2 ; P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The radiological measurement of visceral adiposity is a useful tool for opportunistic assessment of risk of colorectal adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Qin Ng
- Department of General Surgery, St John of God Midland Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ruwan Wijesuriya
- Department of General Surgery, St John of God Midland Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip Misur
- Perth Radiological Clinic, St John of God Midland Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jih Huei Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Kyaw Soe Moe
- Department of General Surgery, St John of God Midland Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mary Theophilus
- Department of General Surgery, St John of God Midland Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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