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Xiang ST, Zhou C, Zhao K, Ma Y, Huang R, Peng Y, Tang Y, Yang F, Qiu J. Association of metals with early postnatal gut microbiota among infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 261:114410. [PMID: 38925082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is closely related to infant health. However, the impact of environmental factors on the gut microbiota has not been widely investigated, particularly in vulnerable populations such as infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This study investigated the association between exposure to 12 metals and the composition of the gut microbiota in infants admitted to the NICU. Metal concentrations were determined in serum samples obtained from 107 infants admitted to the NICU at Hunan Children's hospital, China. Gut microbiota data were derived from 16S rRNA sequencing using stool samples. Generalized linear regression (GLR) models and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) analyses were used to estimate the associations between metals and both alpha-diversity indices and bacterial taxa. The GLR models showed that tin correlated negatively with the Shannon index (β = -0.55, 95% conficence interval [CI]: -0.79, -0.30, PFDR< 0.001) and positively with the Simpson index (β = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.39, PFDR< 0.001). The BKMR analysis yielded similar results, showing that tin had the largest posterior inclusion probability for both the Shannon (0.986) and the Simpson (0.796) indices. Tin, cadmium, mercury, lead, and thallium were associated with changes in one or more taxa at the genus level. The BKMR analysis also revealed a negative correlation between metal mixtures and Clostridium_sensu_stricto, and tin contibuted mostly to the negative correlation. Early postnatal exposure to metals were associated with differences in the microbiome among infants admitted to the NICU. However, as the study was cross-sectional, these relationships must be confirmed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ting Xiang
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (Hunan Children's hospital), Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Changci Zhou
- Academy of Pediatrics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Kunyan Zhao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Ye Ma
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (Hunan Children's hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Ruiwen Huang
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (Hunan Children's hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Yunlong Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Jun Qiu
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (Hunan Children's hospital), Changsha, 410007, China.
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2
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Fettig NM, Pu A, Osborne LC, Gommerman JL. The influence of aging and the microbiome in multiple sclerosis and other neurologic diseases. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38890777 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is well-recognized as a key player in maintaining health. However, it is a dynamic entity that changes across the lifespan. How the microbial changes that occur in later decades of life shape host health or impact age-associated inflammatory neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) is still unclear. Current understanding of the aging gut microbiome is largely limited to cross-sectional observational studies. Moreover, studies in humans are limited by confounding host-intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are not easily disentangled from aging. This review provides a comprehensive summary of existing literature on the aging gut microbiome and its known relationships with neurological diseases, with a specific focus on MS. We will also discuss preclinical animal models and human studies that shed light on the complex microbiota-host interactions that have the potential to influence disease pathology and progression in aging individuals. Lastly, we propose potential avenues of investigation to deconvolute features of an aging microbiota that contribute to disease, or alternatively promote health in advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M Fettig
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Annie Pu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa C Osborne
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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3
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Bogza A, King IL, Maurice CF. Worming into infancy: Exploring helminth-microbiome interactions in early life. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:639-650. [PMID: 38723604 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
There is rapidly growing awareness of microbiome assembly and function in early-life gut health. Although many factors, such as antibiotic use and highly processed diets, impinge on this process, most research has focused on people residing in high-income countries. However, much of the world's population lives in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where, in addition to erratic antibiotic use and suboptimal diets, these groups experience unique challenges. Indeed, many children in LMICs are infected with intestinal helminths. Although helminth infections are strongly associated with diverse developmental co-morbidities and induce profound microbiome changes, few studies have directly examined whether intersecting pathways between these components of the holobiont shape health outcomes in early life. Here, we summarize microbial colonization within the first years of human life, how helminth-mediated changes to the gut microbiome may affect postnatal growth, and why more research on this relationship may improve health across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Bogza
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill Centre for Microbiome Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Irah L King
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill Centre for Microbiome Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Corinne F Maurice
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill Centre for Microbiome Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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4
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Shennon I, Wilson BC, Behling AH, Portlock T, Haque R, Forrester T, Nelson CA, O'Sullivan JM. The infant gut microbiome and cognitive development in malnutrition. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1181-1189. [PMID: 38608404 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Malnutrition affects 195 million children under the age of five worldwide with long term effects that include impaired cognitive development. Brain development occurs rapidly over the first 36 months of life. Whilst seemingly independent, changes to the brain and gut microbiome are linked by metabolites, hormones, and neurotransmitters as part of the gut-brain axis. In the context of severe malnutrition, the composition of the gut microbiome and the repertoire of biochemicals exchanged via the gut-brain axis vary when compared to healthy individuals. These effects are primarily due to the recognized interacting determinants, macro- and micronutrient deficiencies, infection, infestations and toxins related to poor sanitation, and a dearth of psycho-social stimulation. The standard of care for the treatment of severe acute malnutrition is focused on nutritional repletion and weight restoration through the provision of macro- and micronutrients, the latter usually in excess of recommended dietary allowances (RDA). However, existing formulations and supplements have not been designed to specifically address key recovery requirements for brain and gut microbiome development. Animal model studies indicate that treatments targeting the gut microbiome could improve brain development. Despite this, research on humans targeting the gut microbiome with the aim of restoring brain functionality are scarce. We conclude that there is a need for assessment of cognition and the use of various tools that permit visualization of the brain anatomy and function (e.g., Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), electroencephalogram (EEG)) to understand how interventions targeting the gut microbiome impact brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inoli Shennon
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Brooke C Wilson
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Anna H Behling
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Theo Portlock
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Rashidul Haque
- Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Terrence Forrester
- UWI Solutions for Developing Countries, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.
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5
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Guo T, Zeng Z, Lin L. Exploration of the impact of dysbiosis in the gut microbiota on microbial composition in children's neurodevelopment. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38606533 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2341924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis on neurodevelopment in children. METHODS This study included 338 children aged 0-3 years admitted to our hospital from January to December 2022, The children were divided into a normal neurodevelopment group (169 cases) and a poor neurodevelopment group (169 cases). Basic personal information and clinical data were collected through a detailed questionnaire, and the microbial composition in fecal samples was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Children in the poor neurodevelopment group showed a significant decrease in gut microbiota diversity compared to those in the normal neurodevelopment group (Shannon index, p < 0.05). The abundance of Bifidobacterium and Veillonella genera significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while the abundance of Streptococcus genus increased significantly (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION There is an association between gut microbiota dysbiosis and poor neurodevelopment in children. The increased abundance of Streptococcus genus and decreased abundance of Bifidobacterium and Veillonella genera in the gut microbiota may be potential risk factors for poor neurodevelopment in preterm infants. Future research should further explore the potential beneficial effects of gut microbiota modulation on neurodevelopment in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liangfeng Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Mancabelli L, Milani C, De Biase R, Bocchio F, Fontana F, Lugli GA, Alessandri G, Tarracchini C, Viappiani A, De Conto F, Nouvenne A, Ticinesi A, Bussolati O, Meschi T, Cecchi R, Turroni F, Ventura M. Taxonomic and metabolic development of the human gut microbiome across life stages: a worldwide metagenomic investigation. mSystems 2024; 9:e0129423. [PMID: 38441032 PMCID: PMC11019788 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01294-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a dynamic community of microorganisms that undergo variable changes over the entire life span. To thoroughly investigate the possible fluctuations of the microbiota throughout human life, we performed a pooled analysis of healthy fecal samples across different age groups covering the entire human life span. Our study integrated data from 79 publicly available studies and new stool samples from an Italian cohort, i.e., the Parma Microbiota project, resulting in 6,653 samples processed through the shotgun metagenomic approach. This approach has allowed species-level taxonomic reconstruction of the gut microbiota and investigation of its metabolic potential across the human life span. From a taxonomic point of view, our findings confirmed and detailed at species-level accuracy that the microbial richness of the gut microbiota gradually increases in the first stage of life, becoming relatively stable during adolescence. Moreover, the analysis identified the potential core microbiota representative of distinct age groups, revealing age-related bacterial patterns and the continuous rearrangement of the microbiota in terms of relative abundances across the life span rather than the acquisition and loss of taxa. Furthermore, the shotgun approach provided insights into the functional contribution of the human gut microbiome. The metagenomic analysis revealed functional age-related differences, particularly in carbohydrate and fiber metabolism, suggesting a co-evolution of the microbiome assembly with diet. Additionally, we identified correlations between vitamin synthesis, such as thiamine and niacin, and early life, suggesting a potential role of the microbiome in human physiology, in particular in the functions of the host's nervous and immune systems. IMPORTANCE In this study, we provided comprehensive insights into the dynamic nature of the human gut microbiota across the human life span. In detail, we analyzed a large data set based on a shotgun metagenomic approach, combining public data sets and new samples from the Parma Microbiota project and obtaining a detailed overview of the possible relationship between gut microbiota development and aging. Our findings confirmed the main stages in microbial richness development and revealed specific core microbiota associated with different age stages. Moreover, the shotgun metagenomic approach allowed the disentangling of the functional changes in the microbiome across the human life span, particularly in diet-related metabolism, which is probably correlated to bacterial co-evolution with dietary habits. Notably, our study also uncovered positive correlations with vitamin synthesis in early life, suggesting a possible impact of the microbiota on human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Mancabelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rosita De Biase
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabiana Bocchio
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Tarracchini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Flora De Conto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Nouvenne
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Ticinesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tiziana Meschi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Rossana Cecchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Campbell K, Brinkley C, Malm-Buatsi E. The Urinary Microbiome Composition in Infants. Urology 2024; 186:172-179. [PMID: 38350552 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Campbell
- University Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
| | - Clayton Brinkley
- University Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
| | - Elizabeth Malm-Buatsi
- University Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
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8
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侯 林, 马 紫, 晁 爽, 李 中, 张 宇, 刘 毅, 张 俊, 武 文, 黄山 雅, 刘 捷. [Risk factors for cow's milk protein allergy in infants: a multicenter prospective nested case-control study]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2024; 26:230-235. [PMID: 38557373 PMCID: PMC10986379 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2309105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the risk factors associated with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in infants. METHODS This study was a multicenter prospective nested case-control study conducted in seven medical centers in Beijing, China. Infants aged 0-12 months were included, with 200 cases of CMPA infants and 799 control infants without CMPA. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors for the occurrence of CMPA. RESULTS Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that preterm birth, low birth weight, birth from the first pregnancy, firstborn, spring birth, summer birth, mixed/artificial feeding, and parental history of allergic diseases were associated with an increased risk of CMPA in infants (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that firstborn (OR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.14-3.13), spring birth (OR=3.42, 95%CI: 1.70-6.58), summer birth (OR=2.29, 95%CI: 1.22-4.27), mixed/artificial feeding (OR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.10-2.26), parental history of allergies (OR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.51-3.02), and both parents having allergies (OR=3.15, 95%CI: 1.78-5.56) were risk factors for CMPA in infants (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Firstborn, spring birth, summer birth, mixed/artificial feeding, and a family history of allergies are associated with an increased risk of CMPA in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - 文艳 武
- 北京华信医院(清华大学第一附属医院)儿科北京100016
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Kim YI, Kim SY, Lee S, Kim M, Kim WJ. Investigation of gut microbiota diversity according to infectious agent in pediatric infectious acute gastroenteritis in a Korean university hospital. Pediatr Neonatol 2024:S1875-9572(24)00021-4. [PMID: 38471992 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. AGE can cause an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of the gut microbiome in Korean children hospitalized for infectious AGE at a university hospital. METHODS A total of 23 stool samples from patients aged 5 months to 11 years with AGE were analyzed. Thirteen convalescent stool samples were collected 1 month after discharge. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the five viruses and 16 bacteria-specific AGE pathogens (PowerChek Multiplex Real time PCR Kit, Seoul, Korea), and 16s rRNA sequencing (Illumina MiSeq Sequencing system, Illumina, USA) were performed. RESULTS According to the results of multiplex PCR for causative pathogens, the microbiome taxonomic profile (MTP) of the gut microbiome in three groups of AGE, norovirus AGE (n = 11), Campylobacter AGE (n = 7) and Salmonella AGE (n = 5) was compared. The phylum Actinobacteria was significantly more abundant in the norovirus AGE (P = 0.011), whereas the phylum Proteobacteria was significantly more abundant in Salmonella AGE (P = 0.012). Alpha diversity, which indicates species richness and diversity, showed no statistical differences. However, beta diversity, representing the similarity in MTP between norovirus, Campylobacter, and Salmonella AGE, was significantly different (P = 0.007). In convalescence, compared with their corresponding AGE samples, the phylum Firmicutes; and the lower taxa Christensenellaceae (P = 0.0152) and Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.0327) were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS In pediatric AGE, the type of infectious agent can affect the diversity and dominance of gut microbiota in pediatric patients. Furthermore, healthy gut bacteria increased during the period of 1 month after infection, allowing a return to a healthy state without causing long-term dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Ie Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungok Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- EONE Laboratories, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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10
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Klimenko ES, Belkova NL, Rychkova LV, Darenskaya MA, Tugarinova OA, Semenova NV, Savinova YS, Bugun OV, Balzhirova DB, Kolesnikova LI. Alpha Diversity Indices as Indicators of the Variability of Gut Microbiota in Obese Adolescents of Different Ethnicities. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 176:591-594. [PMID: 38724810 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We compared alpha diversity indices of the intestinal microbiota in adolescents with obesity and normal body weight, taking into account their ethnicity. Intestinal biocenosis was studied by metasequencing of amplicon libraries of V3-V4 fragments of the 16S rRNA gene. The alpha diversity of the microbiota was assessed using classical and alternative indices. Statistically significant differences in intestinal microbiota were observed between Russians with obesity and Buryats with normal body weight, as well as between Russians with obesity and Buryats with obesity when assessing the Shannon-Weaver, Chao1 indices, Faith phylogenetic diversity index, ACE, Fisher, Gini coefficient, Margalef, and Menkhinik indices. It was shown that alpha diversity indices can be used to assess significance of differences and variability of the intestinal microbiota in multifactorial diseases such as obesity in adolescents; however, the scope of application of the criteria should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Klimenko
- Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - N L Belkova
- Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - L V Rychkova
- Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - M A Darenskaya
- Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - O A Tugarinova
- Tarbagatai Central Region Clinic, Tarbagatai, Republic of Buryatiya, Russia
| | - N V Semenova
- Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Yu S Savinova
- Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - O V Bugun
- Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - D B Balzhirova
- Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - L I Kolesnikova
- Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
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Hu H, Yao Y, Liu F, Luo L, Liu J, Wang X, Wang Q. Integrated microbiome and metabolomics revealed the protective effect of baicalin on alveolar bone inflammatory resorption in aging. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155233. [PMID: 38181526 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the growing aging population and longer life expectancy, periodontitis and tooth loss have become major health concerns. The gut microbiota, as a key regulator in bone homeostasis, has gathered immense interest. Baicalin, a flavonoid compound extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. PURPOSE This study investigated, for the first time, the protective mechanism of baicalin against alveolar bone inflammatory resorption in aging mice by regulating intestinal flora and metabolites, as well as intestinal barrier function. METHODS A ligature-induced periodontitis model was established in d-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mice, and baicalin was administered at different dosages for 13 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of baicalin were evaluated using serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonaldehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. The immune capability was assessed by thymus and spleen indices. Histopathological changes were observed in the heart, liver, ileum, and periodontal tissues. Alveolar bone absorption of maxillary second molars was examined, and osteoclasts were counted by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Furthermore, fecal samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics to identify differences in intestinal bacterial composition and metabolites. RESULTS Baicalin exhibited anti-aging properties, as evidenced by increased SOD activity and decreased levels of MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α in serum compared to the control group. Baicalin also ameliorated alveolar bone loss in the d-gal-induced aging-periodontitis group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, baicalin restored ileal permeability by up-regulating the expression of ZO-1 and occludin in aging-periodontitis groups (p < 0.05). Alpha diversity analysis indicated that baicalin-treated mice harbored a higher diversity of gut microbe. PCoA and ANOSIM results revealed significant dissimilarity between groups. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, which decreased in periodontitis mice, was restored by baicalin treatment. Additionally, medium-dosage baicalin promoted the production of beneficial flavonoids, and enriched short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria. CONCLUSION Intestinal homeostasis is a potential avenue for treating age-related alveolar bone loss. Baicalin exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and osteo-protective properties by regulating the gut microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Hu
- Microbial Resources and Drug Development Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yanzi Yao
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; Luoyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital & Henan Second Children's Hospital, Luoyang, China
| | - Fangzhou Liu
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Liangliang Luo
- Microbial Resources and Drug Development Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Microbial Resources and Drug Development Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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Wang H, Wang Y. What Makes the Gut-Lung Axis Working? From the Perspective of Microbiota and Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2024; 2024:8640014. [PMID: 38274122 PMCID: PMC10810697 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8640014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Background An increasing number of studies have proved that gut microbiota is involved in the occurrence and development of various lung diseases and can interact with the diseased lung. The concept of the gut-lung axis (GLA) provides a new idea for the subsequent clinical treatment of lung diseases through human microbiota. This review aims to summarize the microbiota in the lung and gut and the interaction between them from the perspectives of traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine. Method We conducted a literature search by using the search terms "GLA," "gut microbiota," "spleen," and "Chinese medicine" in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI. We then explored the mechanism of action of the gut-lung axis from traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine. Results The lung and gut microbiota enable the GLA to function through immune regulation, while metabolites of the gut microbiota also play an important role. The spleen can improve the gut microbiota to achieve the regulation of the GLA. Conclusion Improving the gut microbiota through qi supplementation and spleen fortification provides a new approach to the clinical treatment of lung diseases by regulating the GLA. Currently, our understanding of the GLA is limited, and more research is needed to explain its working principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Biagioli V, Volpedo G, Riva A, Mainardi P, Striano P. From Birth to Weaning: A Window of Opportunity for Microbiota. Nutrients 2024; 16:272. [PMID: 38257165 PMCID: PMC10819289 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The first 1000 days of life constitute a critical window of opportunity for microbiota development. Nutrients play a crucial role in enriching and diversifying the microbiota, derived not only from solid food but also from maternal dietary patterns during gestation. (2) Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review using the PubMed database, covering eleven years (2013-2023). We included English-language reviews, original research papers, and meta-analyses, while excluding case reports and letters. (3) Results: Consensus in the literature emphasizes that our interaction with a multitude of microorganisms begins in the intrauterine environment and continues throughout our lives. The existing data suggest that early nutritional education programs, initiated during pregnancy and guiding infant diets during development, may influence the shaping of the gut microbiota, promoting long-term health. (4) Conclusions: Further research is necessary in the coming years to assess potential interventions and early nutritional models aimed at modulating the pediatric microbiota, especially in vulnerable populations such as premature newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Biagioli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; (G.V.); (A.R.); (P.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; (G.V.); (A.R.); (P.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Antonella Riva
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; (G.V.); (A.R.); (P.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Paolo Mainardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; (G.V.); (A.R.); (P.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; (G.V.); (A.R.); (P.M.); (P.S.)
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
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Pérez-Castro S, D’Auria G, Llambrich M, Fernández-Barrés S, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Llop S, Regueiro B, Bustamante M, Francino MP, Vrijheid M, Maitre L. Influence of perinatal and childhood exposure to tobacco and mercury in children's gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1258988. [PMID: 38249448 PMCID: PMC10799562 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1258988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early life determinants of the development of gut microbiome composition in infants have been widely investigated; however, if early life pollutant exposures, such as tobacco or mercury, have a persistent influence on the gut microbial community, its stabilization at later childhood remains largely unknown. Objective In this exposome-wide study, we aimed at identifying the contribution of exposure to tobacco and mercury from the prenatal period to childhood, to individual differences in the fecal microbiome composition of 7-year-old children, considering co-exposure to a width of established lifestyle and clinical determinants. Methods Gut microbiome was studied by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in 151 children at the genus level. Exposure to tobacco was quantified during pregnancy through questionnaire (active tobacco consumption, second-hand smoking -SHS) and biomonitoring (urinary cotinine) at 4 years (urinary cotinine, SHS) and 7 years (SHS). Exposure to mercury was quantified during pregnancy (cord blood) and at 4 years (hair). Forty nine other potential environmental determinants (12 at pregnancy/birth/infancy, 15 at 4 years and 22 at 7 years, such as diet, demographics, quality of living/social environment, and clinical records) were registered. We used multiple models to determine microbiome associations with pollutants including multi-determinant multivariate analysis of variance and linear correlations (wUnifrac, Bray-Curtis and Aitchison ß-diversity distances), single-pollutant permutational multivariate analysis of variance adjusting for co-variates (Aitchison), and multivariable association model with single taxa (MaAsLin2; genus). Sensitivity analysis was performed including genetic data in a subset of 107 children. Results Active smoking in pregnancy was systematically associated with microbiome composition and ß-diversity (R2 2-4%, p < 0.05, Aitchison), independently of other co-determinants. However, in the adjusted single pollutant models (PERMANOVA), we did not find any significant association. An increased relative abundance of Dorea and decreased relative abundance of Akkermansia were associated with smoking during pregnancy (q < 0.05). Discussion Our findings suggest a long-term sustainable effect of prenatal tobacco exposure on the children's gut microbiota. This effect was not found for mercury exposure or tobacco exposure during childhood. Assessing the role of these exposures on the children's microbiota, considering multiple environmental factors, should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Pérez-Castro
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), Vigo, Spain
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Giuseppe D’Auria
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Llambrich
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Fernández-Barrés
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Benito Regueiro
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Àrea de Genòmica i Salut, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO)-Salut Pública, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Pilar Francino
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Àrea de Genòmica i Salut, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO)-Salut Pública, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Léa Maitre
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Shi B, Li H, He X. Advancing lifelong precision medicine for cardiovascular diseases through gut microbiota modulation. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2323237. [PMID: 38411391 PMCID: PMC10900281 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2323237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is known as the tenth system of the human body that plays a vital role in the intersection between health and disease. The considerable inter-individual variability in gut microbiota poses both challenges and great prospects in promoting precision medicine in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, based on the development, evolution, and influencing factors of gut microbiota in a full life circle, we summarized the recent advances on the characteristic alteration in gut microbiota in CVDs throughout different life stages, and depicted their pathological links in mechanism, as well as the highlight achievements of targeting gut microbiota in CVDs prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Personalized strategies could be tailored according to gut microbiota characteristics in different life stages, including gut microbiota-blood metabolites combined prediction and diagnosis, dietary interventions, lifestyle improvements, probiotic or prebiotic supplements. However, to fulfill the promise of a lifelong cardiovascular health, more mechanism studies should progress from correlation to causality and decipher novel mechanisms linking specific microbes and CVDs. It is also promising to use the burgeoning artificial intelligence and machine learning to target gut microbiota for developing diagnosis system and screening for new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhong Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang J, Gao M, Cheng M, Luo J, Lu M, Xing X, Sun Y, Lu Y, Li X, Shi C, Wang J, Wang N, Yang W, Jiang Y, Huang H, Yang G, Zeng Y, Wang C, Cao X. Single-Cell Transcriptional Analysis of Lamina Propria Lymphocytes in the Jejunum Reveals Innate Lymphoid Cell-like Cells in Pigs. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:130-142. [PMID: 37975680 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Pigs are the most suitable model to study various therapeutic strategies and drugs for human beings, although knowledge about cell type-specific transcriptomes and heterogeneity is poorly available. Through single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry analysis of the types in the jejunum of pigs, we found that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) existed in the lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) of the jejunum. Then, through flow sorting of live/dead-lineage (Lin)-CD45+ cells and single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that ILCs in the porcine jejunum were mainly ILC3s, with a small number of NK cells, ILC1s, and ILC2s. ILCs coexpressed IL-7Rα, ID2, and other genes and differentially expressed RORC, GATA3, and other genes but did not express the CD3 gene. ILC3s can be divided into four subgroups, and genes such as CXCL8, CXCL2, IL-22, IL-17, and NCR2 are differentially expressed. To further detect and identify ILC3s, we verified the classification of ILCs in the porcine jejunum subgroup and the expression of related hallmark genes at the protein level by flow cytometry. For systematically characterizing ILCs in the porcine intestines, we combined our pig ILC dataset with publicly available human and mice ILC data and identified that the human and pig ILCs shared more common features than did those mouse ILCs in gene signatures and cell states. Our results showed in detail for the first time (to our knowledge) the gene expression of porcine jejunal ILCs, the subtype classification of ILCs, and the markers of various ILCs, which provide a basis for an in-depth exploration of porcine intestinal mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiawei Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Mei Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyuan Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiyuan Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanlong Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Haibin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guilian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Mokhtari P, Holzhausen EA, Chalifour BN, Schmidt KA, Babaei M, Machle CJ, Adise S, Alderete TL, Goran MI. Associations between Dietary Sugar and Fiber with Infant Gut Microbiome Colonization at 6 Mo of Age. J Nutr 2024; 154:152-162. [PMID: 37717629 PMCID: PMC10808822 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome undergoes rapid development during the first 2-3 y of life. Poor diet during complementary feeding has been associated with alterations in infant growth and compromised bone, immune system, and neurodevelopment, but how it may affect gut microbial composition is unknown. OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations between early-life nutrition and the developing infant gut microbiota at 6 mo of age. METHODS Latino mother-infant pairs from the Mother's Milk Study (n = 105) were included. Infant gut microbiota and dietary intake were analyzed at 6 mo of age using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing and 24-h dietary recalls, respectively. Poisson generalized linear regression analysis was performed to examine associations between dietary nutrients and microbial community abundance while adjusting for infants' mode of delivery, antibiotics, infant feeding type, time of introduction of solid foods, energy intake, and body weight. A P value of <0.05 was used to determine the statistical significance in the study. RESULTS Infants with higher consumption of total sugar exhibited a lower relative abundance of the genera Bacteroides (β = -0.01; 95% CI: -0.02, -0.00; P = 0.03) and genus Clostridium belonging to the Lachnospiraceae family (β = -0.02; 95% CI: -0.03, -0.00; P = 0.01). In addition, a higher intake of free sugar (which excludes sugar from milk, dairy, and whole fruit) was associated with several bacteria at the genus level, including Parabacteroides genus (β = 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.05; P = 0.001). Total insoluble fiber intake was associated with favorable bacteria at the genus level such as Faecalibacterium (β = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.52; P = 0.02) and Coprococcus (β = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.52; P = 0.03). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that early-life dietary intake at 6 mo impacts the developing gut microbiome associated with the presence of both unfavorable gut microbes and dietary fiber-associated commensal microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pari Mokhtari
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Holzhausen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Bridget N Chalifour
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey A Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mahsa Babaei
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher J Machle
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shana Adise
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tanya L Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Liu X, Liu M, Zhao M, Li P, Gao C, Fan X, Cai G, Lu Q, Chen X. Fecal microbiota transplantation for the management of autoimmune diseases: Potential mechanisms and challenges. J Autoimmun 2023; 141:103109. [PMID: 37690971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are a series of immune-mediated lethal diseases featured by over-activated immune cells attacking healthy self-tissues and organs due to the loss of immune tolerance, which always causes severe irreversible systematical organ damage and threatens human health heavily. To date, there are still no definitive cures for the treatment of AIDs due to their pathogenesis has not been clearly understood. Besides, the current clinical treatments of AIDs majorly rely on glucocorticoids and immune suppressors, which can lead to serious side effects. In the past years, there are increasing studies demonstrating that an imbalance of gut microbiota is intimately related to the pathogenesis of various AIDs, shedding light on the development of therapeutics by targeting the gut microbiota for the management of AIDs. Among all the approaches targeting the gut microbiota, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has attracted increasing interest, and it has been proposed as a possible strategy to intervene in the homeostasis of gut microbiota for the treatment of various diseases. However, despite the reported good curative effects and clinical studies conducted on FMT, the detailed mechanisms of FMT for the effective treatment of those diseases have not been figured out. To fully understand the mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of FMT on AIDs and improve the therapeutic efficacy of FMT treatment, a systematic review of this topic is necessary. Hence, in this review paper, the potential mechanisms of FMT for the treatment of various AIDs were summarized, including promotion, shaping, activation, or inhibition of the host immune system via the interactions between the microorganisms and the gut immune system, gut-brain, gut-liver, gut-kidney axis, and so on. Then, applications of FMT for the treatment of various AIDs were detailed presented. Finally, the current challenges and potential solutions for the development of FMT formulations and FMT therapeutics were comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 421142, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Changxing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, PR China
| | - Xinyu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, PR China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, PR China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 421142, PR China.
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, PR China.
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Mima K, Hamada T, Inamura K, Baba H, Ugai T, Ogino S. The microbiome and rise of early-onset cancers: knowledge gaps and research opportunities. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2269623. [PMID: 37902043 PMCID: PMC10730181 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2269623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates an alarming increase in the incidence of early-onset cancers, which are diagnosed among adults under 50 years of age, in the colorectum, esophagus, extrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder, liver, stomach, pancreas, as well as the bone marrow (multiple myeloma), breast, head and neck, kidney, prostate, thyroid, and uterine corpus (endometrium). While the early-onset cancer studies have encompassed research on the wide variety of organs, this article focuses on research on digestive system cancers. While a minority of early-onset cancers in the digestive system are associated with cancer-predisposing high penetrance germline genetic variants, the majority of those cancers are sporadic and multifactorial. Although potential etiological roles of diets, lifestyle, environment, and the microbiome from early life to adulthood (i.e. in one's life course) have been hypothesized, exact contribution of each of these factors remains uncertain. Diets, lifestyle patterns, and environmental exposures have been shown to alter the oral and intestinal microbiome. To address the rising trend of early-onset cancers, transdisciplinary research approaches including lifecourse epidemiology and molecular pathological epidemiology frameworks, nutritional and environmental sciences, multi-omics technologies, etc. are needed. We review current evidence and discuss emerging research opportunities, which can improve our understanding of their etiologies and help us design better strategies for prevention and treatment to reduce the cancer burden in populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cancer Immunology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Park S, Kang S. Association of Pooled Fecal Microbiota on Height Growth in Children According to Enterotypes. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 77:801-810. [PMID: 37771005 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between fecal microbiota and height in children has yielded conflicting findings, warranting further investigation into potential differences in fecal bacterial composition between children with short stature and those of standard height based on enterotypes (ETs). METHODS According to the height z score for age and gender, the children were categorized into normal-stature (NS; n = 335) and short-stature (SS; n = 152) groups using a z score of -1.15 as a separator value. The human fecal bacterial FASTA/Q files (n = 487) were pooled and analyzed with the QIIME 2 platform with the National Center for Biotechnology Information alignment search tool. According to ETs, the prediction models by the machine learning algorithms were used for explaining SS, and their quality was validated. RESULTS The proportion of SS was 16.4% in ET Enterobacteriaceae (ET-E) and 68.1% in Prevotellaceae (ET-P). The Chao1 and Shannon indexes were significantly lower in the SS than in the NS groups only in ET-P. The fecal bacteria related to SS from the prediction models were similar regardless of ETs. However, in network analysis, the negative correlations between fecal bacteria in the NS and SS groups were much higher in the ET-P than in the ET-E. In the metagenome function, fecal bacteria showed an inverse association of biotin and secondary bile acid synthesis and downregulation of insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1-driven phosphoinositide 3-kinase Akt signaling and AMP-kinase signaling in the SS group compared with the NS group in both ETs. CONCLUSION The gut microbial compositions in children were associated with height. Strategies to modify and optimize the gut microbiota composition should be investigated for any potential in promoting height in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- From the Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Basic Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
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21
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Wong PY, Yip C, Lemberg DA, Day AS, Leach ST. Evolution of a Pathogenic Microbiome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7184. [PMID: 38002796 PMCID: PMC10672640 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of microbiome development arguably begins before birth. Vertical transmission of bacteria from the mother to the infant is a keystone event in microbiome development. Subsequent to birth, the developing microbiome is vulnerable to influence from a wide range of factors. Additionally, the microbiome can influence the health and development of the host infant. This intricate interaction of the gastrointestinal microbiome and the host has been described as both symbiotic and dysbiotic. Defining these terms, a symbiotic microbiome is where the microbiome and host provide mutual benefit to each other. A pathogenic microbiome, or more precisely a gastrointestinal microbiome associated with disease, is increasing described as dysbiotic. This review seeks to investigate the factors that contribute to evolving a disease-causing or 'dysbiotic' microbiome. This review covers the development of the gastrointestinal microbiome in infants, the interaction of the microbiome with the host, and its contribution to host immunity and investigates specific features of the gastrointestinal microbiome that are associated with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yin Wong
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney 2052, Australia; (P.Y.W.); (C.Y.); (A.S.D.)
| | - Carmen Yip
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney 2052, Australia; (P.Y.W.); (C.Y.); (A.S.D.)
| | - Daniel A. Lemberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick, Sydney 2031, Australia;
| | - Andrew S. Day
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney 2052, Australia; (P.Y.W.); (C.Y.); (A.S.D.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick, Sydney 2031, Australia;
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Steven T. Leach
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney 2052, Australia; (P.Y.W.); (C.Y.); (A.S.D.)
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22
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He P, Shen X, Guo S. Intestinal flora and linear growth in children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1252035. [PMID: 38034825 PMCID: PMC10687454 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1252035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in human growth and development as well as the regulation of human pathophysiological processes. According to research, the gut microbiota controls the host's growth and development in areas such as nutrition, metabolism, endocrine hormones, and immune modulation. The human gut microbiota has an important role in child and adolescent growth, especially when nutritional conditions are poor. In this review, we focus on recent findings about the gut microbiota's influence on child growth, including the relationship between the gut microbiota and linear growth during pregnancy, infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Furthermore, we also review some mechanisms by which intestinal flora influence the host's linear growth. Although the data supports a link between intestinal flora and linear development in children, our review has limitations that prohibit us from fully verifying the causal relationship between gut flora and linear development in children. Improving the gut microbiota, in conjunction with renutrition techniques, has the potential to ameliorate the growth and development impairments currently associated with chronic illness and malnutrition in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sheng Guo
- Department of Endocrine, Genetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Li X, Fu B, Zhao C, Hu J, Zhang X, Fu Y, She X, Gu C, Cheng M, Wang F, Song X, Dai J, Yin J, Fu Y, Zheng P, Wu F, Zhu Y, Ma K, Gao X, Wang M, Zeng Q, Cui B. Early-life noise exposure causes cognitive impairment in a sex-dependent manner by disrupting homeostasis of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:221-239. [PMID: 37648006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological investigations show that noise exposure in early life is associated with health and cognitive impairment. The gut microbiome established in early life plays a crucial role in modulating developmental processes that subsequently affect brain function and behavior. Here, we examined the impact of early-life exposure to noise on cognitive function in adolescent rats by analyzing the gut microbiome and metabolome to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Chronic noise exposure during early life led to cognitive deficits, hippocampal injury, and neuroinflammation. Early-life noise exposure showed significant difference on the composition and function of the gut microbiome throughout adolescence, subsequently causing axis-series changes in fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism and serum metabolome profiles, as well as dysregulation of endothelial tight junction proteins, in both intestine and brain. We also observed sex-dependent effects of microbiota depletion on SCFA-related beneficial bacteria in adolescence. Experiments on microbiota transplantation and SCFA supplementation further confirmed the role of intestinal bacteria and related SCFAs in early-life noise-exposure-induced impairments in cognition, epithelial integrity, and neuroinflammation. Overall, these results highlight the homeostatic imbalance of microbiota-gut-brain axis as an important physiological response toward environmental noise during early life and reveals subtle differences in molecular signaling processes between male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Chunli Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xinyao Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yiming Fu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xiaojun She
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Cui Gu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Mengzhu Cheng
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Fenghan Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Song
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jiayi Yin
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Pengfang Zheng
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Fangshan Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yingwen Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Kefeng Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xiujie Gao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
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24
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Gao C, Shao D, Wang C, Kuang Y, Lu J, Zeng D, He J, Qiu X. Long-term effect of caesarean section on the gut microbial taxonomical profile and metabolic function of children at pre-school age. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1470. [PMID: 37929652 PMCID: PMC10626499 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gao
- Division of Birth Cohort StudyGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Dan‐Tong Shao
- Division of Birth Cohort StudyGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Cheng‐Rui Wang
- Division of Birth Cohort StudyGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Ya‐Shu Kuang
- Division of Birth Cohort StudyGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jin‐Hua Lu
- Division of Birth Cohort StudyGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Department of Women's HealthGuangdong Provincial Key Clinical Specialty of Women and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Ding‐Yuan Zeng
- Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare HospitalAffiliated Women and Children's Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and TechnologyLiuzhouChina
| | - Jian‐Rong He
- Division of Birth Cohort StudyGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Department of Women's HealthGuangdong Provincial Key Clinical Specialty of Women and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xiu Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort StudyGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Department of Women's HealthGuangdong Provincial Key Clinical Specialty of Women and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child HealthGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structure Birth Defect Disease and Department of Pediatric SurgeryGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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25
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Elizalde-Torrent A, Borgognone A, Casadellà M, Romero-Martin L, Escribà T, Parera M, Rosales-Salgado Y, Díaz-Pedroza J, Català-Moll F, Noguera-Julian M, Brander C, Paredes R, Olvera A. Vaccination with an HIV T-Cell Immunogen (HTI) Using DNA Primes Followed by a ChAdOx1-MVA Boost Is Immunogenic in Gut Microbiota-Depleted Mice despite Low IL-22 Serum Levels. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1663. [PMID: 38005995 PMCID: PMC10675013 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the important role of gut microbiota in the maturation of the immune system, little is known about its impact on the development of T-cell responses to vaccination. Here, we immunized C57BL/6 mice with a prime-boost regimen using DNA plasmid, the Chimpanzee Adenovirus, and the modified Vaccinia Ankara virus expressing a candidate HIV T-cell immunogen and compared the T-cell responses between individuals with an intact or antibiotic-depleted microbiota. Overall, the depletion of the gut microbiota did not result in significant differences in the magnitude or breadth of the immunogen-specific IFNγ T-cell response after vaccination. However, we observed marked changes in the serum levels of four cytokines after vaccinating microbiota-depleted animals, particularly a significant reduction in IL-22 levels. Interestingly, the level of IL-22 in serum correlated with the abundance of Roseburia in the large intestine of mice in the mock and vaccinated groups with intact microbiota. This short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacterium was significantly reduced in the vaccinated, microbiota-depleted group. Therefore, our results indicate that, although microbiota depletion reduces serum levels of IL-22, the powerful vaccine regime used could have overcome the impact of microbiota depletion on IFNγ-producing T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Elizalde-Torrent
- Irsicaixa—AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.-T.); (A.B.); (M.C.); (L.R.-M.); (T.E.); (M.P.); (F.C.-M.); (M.N.-J.); (C.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Alessandra Borgognone
- Irsicaixa—AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.-T.); (A.B.); (M.C.); (L.R.-M.); (T.E.); (M.P.); (F.C.-M.); (M.N.-J.); (C.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Maria Casadellà
- Irsicaixa—AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.-T.); (A.B.); (M.C.); (L.R.-M.); (T.E.); (M.P.); (F.C.-M.); (M.N.-J.); (C.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Luis Romero-Martin
- Irsicaixa—AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.-T.); (A.B.); (M.C.); (L.R.-M.); (T.E.); (M.P.); (F.C.-M.); (M.N.-J.); (C.B.); (R.P.)
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Tuixent Escribà
- Irsicaixa—AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.-T.); (A.B.); (M.C.); (L.R.-M.); (T.E.); (M.P.); (F.C.-M.); (M.N.-J.); (C.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Mariona Parera
- Irsicaixa—AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.-T.); (A.B.); (M.C.); (L.R.-M.); (T.E.); (M.P.); (F.C.-M.); (M.N.-J.); (C.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Yaiza Rosales-Salgado
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (Y.R.-S.); (J.D.-P.)
| | - Jorge Díaz-Pedroza
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (Y.R.-S.); (J.D.-P.)
| | - Francesc Català-Moll
- Irsicaixa—AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.-T.); (A.B.); (M.C.); (L.R.-M.); (T.E.); (M.P.); (F.C.-M.); (M.N.-J.); (C.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Marc Noguera-Julian
- Irsicaixa—AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.-T.); (A.B.); (M.C.); (L.R.-M.); (T.E.); (M.P.); (F.C.-M.); (M.N.-J.); (C.B.); (R.P.)
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
- CIBERINFEC—ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Brander
- Irsicaixa—AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.-T.); (A.B.); (M.C.); (L.R.-M.); (T.E.); (M.P.); (F.C.-M.); (M.N.-J.); (C.B.); (R.P.)
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
- CIBERINFEC—ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Aelix Therapeutics, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Paredes
- Irsicaixa—AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.-T.); (A.B.); (M.C.); (L.R.-M.); (T.E.); (M.P.); (F.C.-M.); (M.N.-J.); (C.B.); (R.P.)
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
- CIBERINFEC—ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Fight AIDS Foundation, Infectious Diseases Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Alex Olvera
- Irsicaixa—AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.-T.); (A.B.); (M.C.); (L.R.-M.); (T.E.); (M.P.); (F.C.-M.); (M.N.-J.); (C.B.); (R.P.)
- CIBERINFEC—ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Facultat de Ciències, Tecnologia i Enginyeries, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
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Cetinbas M, Thai J, Filatava E, Gregory KE, Sadreyev RI. Long-term dysbiosis and fluctuations of gut microbiome in antibiotic treated preterm infants. iScience 2023; 26:107995. [PMID: 37829203 PMCID: PMC10565780 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Postnatal acquisition of the microbiome is critical to infant health. In preterm infants, empiric use of antibiotics is common, with significant health consequences. To understand the influence of antibiotics on acquisition of the microbiome over time, we longitudinally profiled microbial 16S rRNA in the stool of 79 preterm infants during their hospitalization in the intensive care unit and compared antibiotic treated and untreated infants. Despite similar clinical presentation, antibiotic treated infants had strong deviations in the content, diversity, and most dramatically, temporal stability of their microbiome. Dysbiosis and fluctuations of microbiome content persisted long after antibiotic exposure, up to hospital discharge. Microbiome diversity was dominated by a few common bacteria consistent among all infants. Our findings may inform clinical practice related to antibiotic use and targeted microbial interventions aimed at overcoming the adverse influence of antibiotics on the microbiome of preterm infants at specific developmental time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Thai
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Katherine E. Gregory
- Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Menezes CA, Zanette DL, Magalhães LB, da Silva JT, Lago RMRS, Gomes AN, dos Santos RA, Ladeia AMT, Vianna NA, Oliveira RR. Higher Bifidobacterium spp. fecal abundance is associated with a lower prevalence of hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risk markers among schoolchildren from Bahia, Brazil. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290813. [PMID: 37856463 PMCID: PMC10586616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has recently been the subject of considerable scientific interest due to its essential bodily functions. Several factors can change the composition and function of the gut microbiome, and dietary habits are one of the most important contributors. Despite the recognition of the probiotic effects related to the genus Bifidobacterium spp. (BIF) studies aiming to assess its relationship with metabolic outcomes show conflicting results, particularly in the child population. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the fecal abundance of BIF in a group of schoolchildren from public schools in Bahia, Brazil, and to investigate their relationship with food consumption and laboratory and anthropometric characteristics. A sample of 190 subjects aged 5 to 19y was randomly selected for dietary, laboratory, and anthropometric assessment. Fecal BIF abundance assessment was performed using the Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction assay. Fecal BIF abundance was higher among subjects who had lower intakes of meat. The abundance of BIF was also higher among subjects with lower Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR). Low BIF abundance was associated with a higher prevalence of hyperglycemia (PR 1.04, 95%CI 1.02-1.07, p = 0.001) and high WHtR (PR 1.04, 95%CI 1.01-1, 08, p = 0.015). These findings allow us to conclude that BIF fecal abundance is related to dietary and anthropometric parameters in schoolchildren, and its increase is associated with positive metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla A. Menezes
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Dalila L. Zanette
- Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Letícia B. Magalhães
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Tereza da Silva
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexvon N. Gomes
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ronald A. dos Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Nelzair A. Vianna
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R. Oliveira
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Lassalle M, Zureik M, Dray-Spira R. Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Risk of Serious Infections in Young Children. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:1028-1038. [PMID: 37578761 PMCID: PMC10425862 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Importance Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use may lead to infections through alteration of the microbiota or direct action on the immune system. However, only a few studies were conducted in children, with conflicting results. Objective To assess the associations between PPI use and serious infections in children, overall and by infection site and pathogen. Design, Setting, and Participants This nationwide cohort study was based on the Mother-Child EPI-MERES Register built from the French Health Data System (SNDS). We included all children born between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018, who received a treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease or other gastric acid-related disorders, namely PPIs, histamine 2 receptor antagonists, or antacids/alginate. The index date was defined as the first date any of these medications was dispensed. Children were followed up until admission to the hospital for serious infection, loss of follow-up, death, or December 31, 2019. Exposure PPI exposure over time. Main Outcomes and Measures Associations between serious infections and PPI use were estimated by adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs using Cox models. PPI use was introduced as time-varying. A 30-day lag was applied to minimize reverse causality. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic data, pregnancy characteristics, child comorbidities, and health care utilization. Results The study population comprised 1 262 424 children (median [IQR] follow-up, 3.8 [1.8-6.2] years), including 606 645 who received PPI (323 852 male [53.4%]; median [IQR] age at index date, 88 [44-282] days) and 655 779 who did not receive PPI (342 454 male [52.2%]; median [IQR] age, 82 [44-172] days). PPI exposure was associated with an increased risk of serious infections overall (aHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.32-1.36). Increased risks were also observed for infections in the digestive tract (aHR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.48-1.55); ear, nose, and throat sphere (aHR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.41-1.52); lower respiratory tract (aHR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.19-1.25); kidneys or urinary tract (aHR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.15-1.25); and nervous system (aHR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.11-1.54) and for both bacterial (aHR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.50-1.63) and viral infections (aHR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.28-1.33). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, PPI use was associated with increased risks of serious infections in young children. Proton pump inhibitors should not be used without a clear indication in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lassalle
- EPI-PHARE, Epidemiology of Health Products (French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products [ANSM], and French National Health Insurance [CNAM]), Saint-Denis, France
| | - Mahmoud Zureik
- EPI-PHARE, Epidemiology of Health Products (French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products [ANSM], and French National Health Insurance [CNAM]), Saint-Denis, France
- Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Versailles, France
| | - Rosemary Dray-Spira
- EPI-PHARE, Epidemiology of Health Products (French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products [ANSM], and French National Health Insurance [CNAM]), Saint-Denis, France
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Dias S, Pheiffer C, Adam S. The Maternal Microbiome and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Cause and Effect. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2217. [PMID: 37764061 PMCID: PMC10535124 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing public health concern that affects many pregnancies globally. The condition is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, placental abruption, preterm birth, stillbirth, and fetal growth restriction. In the long-term, mothers and children have an increased risk of developing metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence suggest that alterations in the maternal microbiome may play a role in the pathogenesis of GDM and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review describes changes in the maternal microbiome during the physiological adaptations of pregnancy, GDM and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Findings from this review highlight the importance of understanding the link between the maternal microbiome and GDM. Furthermore, new therapeutic approaches to prevent or better manage GDM are discussed. Further research and clinical trials are necessary to fully realize the therapeutic potential of the maternal microbiome and translate these findings into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Dias
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; (S.D.); (C.P.)
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; (S.D.); (C.P.)
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Sumaiya Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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30
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Tian Z, Deng T, Gui X, Wang L, Yan Q, Wang L. Mechanisms of Lung and Intestinal Microbiota and Innate Immune Changes Caused by Pathogenic Enterococcus Faecalis Promoting the Development of Pediatric Pneumonia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2203. [PMID: 37764047 PMCID: PMC10536929 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia is the main cause of illness and death in children under 5 years old. We isolated and cultured pathogenic bacteria LE from the intestines of children with pneumonia and replicated the pediatric pneumonia model using an oral gavage bacterial animal model. Interestingly, based on 16srRNA sequencing, we found that the gut and lung microbiota showed the same imbalance trend, which weakened the natural resistance of this area. Further exploration of its mechanism revealed that the disruption of the intestinal mechanical barrier led to the activation of inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-17, which promoted the recruitment of ILC-3 and the release of IL-17 and IL-22, leading to lung inflammation. The focus of this study is on the premise that the gut and lung microbiota exhibit similar destructive changes, mediating the innate immune response to promote the occurrence of pneumonia and providing a basis for the development and treatment of new drugs for pediatric pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Tian
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Lianhe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian 116011, China;
| | - Ting Deng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (T.D.); (X.G.); (L.W.)
| | - Xuwen Gui
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (T.D.); (X.G.); (L.W.)
| | - Leilei Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (T.D.); (X.G.); (L.W.)
| | - Qiulong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China;
| | - Liang Wang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Lianhe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian 116011, China;
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Shalaby N, Samocha-Bonet D, Kaakoush NO, Danta M. The Role of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Liver Disease. Pathogens 2023; 12:1087. [PMID: 37764895 PMCID: PMC10536540 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a major global health problem leading to approximately two million deaths a year. This is the consequence of a number of aetiologies, including alcohol-related, metabolic-related, viral infection, cholestatic and immune disease, leading to fibrosis and, eventually, cirrhosis. No specific registered antifibrotic therapies exist to reverse liver injury, so current treatment aims at managing the underlying factors to mitigate the development of liver disease. There are bidirectional feedback loops between the liver and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract via the portal venous and biliary systems, which are mediated by microbial metabolites, specifically short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids. The interaction between the liver and the gastrointestinal microbiome has the potential to provide a novel therapeutic modality to mitigate the progression of liver disease and its complications. This review will outline our understanding of hepatic fibrosis, liver disease, and its connection to the microbiome, which may identify potential therapeutic targets or strategies to mitigate liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Shalaby
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, St Vincent’s Healthcare Campus, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Dorit Samocha-Bonet
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, St Vincent’s Healthcare Campus, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Clinical Insulin Resistance Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Nadeem O. Kaakoush
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Mark Danta
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, St Vincent’s Healthcare Campus, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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32
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Katagiri S, Ohsugi Y, Shiba T, Yoshimi K, Nakagawa K, Nagasawa Y, Uchida A, Liu A, Lin P, Tsukahara Y, Iwata T, Tohara H. Homemade blenderized tube feeding improves gut microbiome communities in children with enteral nutrition. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1215236. [PMID: 37680532 PMCID: PMC10482415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1215236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteral nutrition for children is supplied through nasogastric or gastrostomy tubes. Diet not only influences nutritional intake but also interacts with the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Homemade blenderized tube feeding has been administered to children receiving enteral nutrition, in addition to ready-made tube feeding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral/gut microbial communities in children receiving enteral nutrition with or without homemade blenderized tube feeding. Among a total of 30 children, 6 receiving mainly ready-made tube feeding (RTF) and 5 receiving mainly homemade blenderized tube feeding (HBTF) were analyzed in this study. Oral and gut microbiota community profiles were evaluated through 16S rRNA sequencing of saliva and fecal samples. The α-diversity representing the number of observed features, Shannon index, and Chao1 in the gut were significantly increased in HBTF only in the gut microbiome but not in the oral microbiome. In addition, the relative abundances of the phylum Proteobacteria, class Gammaproteobacteria, and genus Escherichia-Shigella were significantly low, whereas that of the genus Ruminococcus was significantly high in the gut of children with HBTF, indicating HBTF altered the gut microbial composition and reducing health risks. Metagenome prediction showed enrichment of carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes at oral and gut microbiomes in children receiving HBTF. In addition, more complex network structures were observed in the oral cavity and gut in the HBTF group than in the RTF group. In conclusion, HBTF not only provides satisfaction and enjoyment during meals with the family but also alters the gut microbial composition to a healthy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kanako Yoshimi
- Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Nakagawa
- Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagasawa
- Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aritoshi Uchida
- Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anhao Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peiya Lin
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsukahara
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Tohara
- Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Kobiec T, Mardaraz C, Toro-Urrego N, Kölliker-Frers R, Capani F, Otero-Losada M. Neuroprotection in metabolic syndrome by environmental enrichment. A lifespan perspective. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1214468. [PMID: 37638319 PMCID: PMC10447983 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1214468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by the concurrence of different metabolic conditions: obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Its incidence has been increasingly rising over the past decades and has become a global health problem. MetS has deleterious consequences on the central nervous system (CNS) and neurological development. MetS can last several years or be lifelong, affecting the CNS in different ways and treatments can help manage condition, though there is no known cure. The early childhood years are extremely important in neurodevelopment, which extends beyond, encompassing a lifetime. Neuroplastic changes take place all life through - childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age - are highly sensitive to environmental input. Environmental factors have an important role in the etiopathogenesis and treatment of MetS, so environmental enrichment (EE) stands as a promising non-invasive therapeutic approach. While the EE paradigm has been designed for animal housing, its principles can be and actually are applied in cognitive, sensory, social, and physical stimulation programs for humans. Here, we briefly review the central milestones in neurodevelopment at each life stage, along with the research studies carried out on how MetS affects neurodevelopment at each life stage and the contributions that EE models can provide to improve health over the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Kobiec
- Facultad de Psicología, Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Mardaraz
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Toro-Urrego
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Kölliker-Frers
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Capani
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matilde Otero-Losada
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bozorgmehr T, Boutin RCT, Woodward SE, Donald K, Chow JM, Buck RH, Finlay BB. Early Life Exposure to Human Milk Oligosaccharides Reduces Allergic Response in a Murine Asthma Model. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:9603576. [PMID: 37545544 PMCID: PMC10404156 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9603576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies suggest that early-life gut microbiota composition and intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are linked to future asthma susceptibility. Furthermore, infancy offers a critical time window to modulate the microbiota and associated metabolites through diet-microbe interactions to promote infant health. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), nondigestible carbohydrates abundant in breast milk, are prebiotics selectively metabolized by gut microbiota that consequently modify microbiome composition and SCFA production. Methods Using a house dust mite mouse model of allergy, we investigated the impacts of early oral treatment of pups with biologically relevant doses of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL), two of the most abundant HMOs in human milk, in amelioration of allergic airway disease severity. Results We found that administration of 2'-FL and 6'-SL during early life reduced lung histopathology scores, circulating IgE, cytokine levels, and inflammatory cell infiltration, all hallmark symptoms of allergic asthma. HMO supplementation also increased the relative abundance of intestinal Bacteroidetes and Clostridia, known SCFA producers within the gut. Indeed, we detected increased SCFA concentrations in both the intestine and blood of adult mice who received HMOs prior to weaning. Conclusion We propose a model in which orally administered HMOs delivered during early life shift the microbiota toward increased production of SCFAs, which dampens the allergic immune responses behind allergy and asthma. Overall, these data suggest the potential for HMO supplementation to protect infants against asthma development later in life, with possible benefits against additional atopic diseases such as eczema and food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Bozorgmehr
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rozlyn C. T. Boutin
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah E. Woodward
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katherine Donald
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jo May Chow
- Nutrition Division, Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - B. Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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35
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Lupu A, Jechel E, Mihai CM, Mitrofan EC, Fotea S, Starcea IM, Ioniuc I, Mocanu A, Ghica DC, Popp A, Munteanu D, Sasaran MO, Salaru DL, Lupu VV. The Footprint of Microbiome in Pediatric Asthma-A Complex Puzzle for a Balanced Development. Nutrients 2023; 15:3278. [PMID: 37513696 PMCID: PMC10384859 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Considered to be of greater complexity than the human genome itself, the microbiome, the structure of the body made up of trillions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, has proven to play a crucial role in the context of the development of pathological processes in the body, starting from various infections, autoimmune diseases, atopies, and culminating in its involvement in the development of some forms of cancer, a diagnosis that is considered the most disabling for the patient from a psychological point of view. Therefore, being a cornerstone in the understanding and optimal treatment of a multitude of ailments, the body's microbiome has become an intensively studied subject in the scientific literature of the last decade. This review aims to bring the microbiome-asthma correlation up to date by classifying asthmatic patterns, emphasizing the development patterns of the microbiome starting from the perinatal period and the impact of pulmonary dysbiosis on asthmatic symptoms in children. Likewise, the effects of intestinal dysbiosis reflected at the level of homeostasis of the internal environment through the intestine-lung/vital organs axis, the circumstances in which it occurs, but also the main methods of studying bacterial variability used for diagnostic purposes and in research should not be omitted. In conclusion, we draw current and future therapeutic lines worthy of consideration both in obtaining and maintaining remission, as well as in delaying the development of primary acute episodes and preventing future relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancuta Lupu
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Jechel
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | | | - Silvia Fotea
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Iuliana Magdalena Starcea
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ileana Ioniuc
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Mocanu
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Catalin Ghica
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Popp
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Munteanu
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Oana Sasaran
- Faculty of General Medicine, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Delia Lidia Salaru
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Kwak MJ, Kim SH, Kim HH, Tanpure R, Kim JI, Jeon BH, Park HK. Psychobiotics and fecal microbial transplantation for autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: microbiome modulation and therapeutic mechanisms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1238005. [PMID: 37554355 PMCID: PMC10405178 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1238005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is thought to be the developmental origins of the host's health and disease through the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis: such as immune-mediated, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and neurodevelopmental diseases. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders, and growing evidence indicates the contribution of the gut microbiome changes and imbalances to these conditions, pointing to the importance of considering the MGB axis in their treatment. This review summarizes the general knowledge of gut microbial colonization and development in early life and its role in the pathogenesis of ASD/ADHD, highlighting a promising therapeutic approach for ASD/ADHD through modulation of the gut microbiome using psychobiotics (probiotics that positively affect neurological function and can be applied for the treatment of psychiatric diseases) and fecal microbial transplantation (FMT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-jin Kwak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoo Hugo Kim
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahul Tanpure
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Research Institute of Developmental Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Research Institute of Developmental Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Brecht P, Dring JC, Yanez F, Styczeń A, Mertowska P, Mertowski S, Grywalska E. How Do Minerals, Vitamins, and Intestinal Microbiota Affect the Development and Progression of Heart Disease in Adult and Pediatric Patients? Nutrients 2023; 15:3264. [PMID: 37513682 PMCID: PMC10384570 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, far ahead of cancer. Epidemiological data emphasize the participation of many risk factors that increase the incidence of CVDs, including genetic factors, age, and sex, but also lifestyle, mainly nutritional irregularities and, connected with them, overweight and obesity, as well as metabolic diseases. Despite the importance of cardiovascular problems in the whole society, the principles of prevention of CVDs are not widely disseminated, especially among the youngest. As a result, nutritional neglect, growing from childhood and adolescence, translates into the occurrence of numerous disease entities, including CVDs, in adult life. This review aimed to draw attention to the role of selected minerals and vitamins in health and the development and progression of CVDs in adults and children. Particular attention was paid to the effects of deficiency and toxicity of the analyzed compounds in the context of the cardiovascular system and to the role of intestinal microorganisms, which by interacting with nutrients, may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disorders. We hope this article will draw the attention of society and the medical community to emphasize promoting healthy eating and proper eating habits in children and adults, translating into increased awareness and a reduced risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peet Brecht
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - James Curtis Dring
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Felipe Yanez
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Styczeń
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Mertowski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Herrera-Mejía J, Campos-Vega R, Wall-Medrano A, Jiménez-Vega F. A Two-Step Single Plex PCR Method for Evaluating Key Colonic Microbiota Markers in Young Mexicans with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Protocol and Pilot Epidemiological Application. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2387. [PMID: 37510132 PMCID: PMC10377852 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Many neurological disorders have a distinctive colonic microbiome (CM) signature. Particularly, children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exhibit a very dissimilar CM when compared to neurotypical (NT) ones, mostly at the species level. Thus far, knowledge on this matter comes from high-throughput (yet very expensive and time-consuming) analytical platforms, such as massive high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA. Here, pure (260/280 nm, ~1.85) stool DNA samples (200 ng.µL-1) from 48 participants [39 ASD, 9 NT; 3-13 y] were used to amplify four candidate differential CM markers [Bacteroides fragilis (BF), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (FP), Desulfovibrio vulgaris (DV), Akkermansia muciniphila (AM)], using micro-organism-specific oligonucleotide primers [265 bp (BF), 198 bp (FP), 196 bp (DV), 327 bp (AM)] and a standardized two-step [low (step 1: °Tm-5 °C) to high (stage 2: °Tm-0 °C) astringent annealing] PCR protocol (2S-PCR). The method was sensitive enough to differentiate all CM biomarkers in the studied stool donors [↑ abundance: NT (BF, FP, AM), ASD (DV)], and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the primers' specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Herrera-Mejía
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Rocío Campos-Vega
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Florinda Jiménez-Vega
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Meng F, Chen X, Chang T, Huang H, He F, Zheng Y. Altered gut microbiota as potential biomarker biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder in early childhood. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00202-6. [PMID: 37271221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are widely recorded in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and ASD with GI symptoms is a vital subtype of this disease. Growing evidence suggests altered gut microbiota biomarkers in ASD, but little is known about the gut microbiota of individuals with ASD with GI Symptoms, particularly in early childhood. In our study, the gut microbiota of 36 individuals with ASD along with GI symptoms and 40 typically developing (TD) children were compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The microbial diversity and composition were found to differ between the two groups. Compared to TD, the gut microbiota of ASD patients with GI symptoms exhibited decreased alpha diversity and depletion of butyrate-producing bacteria (e.g., Faecalibacterium and Coprococcus). In addition, microbial functional analysis showed abnormality in several gut metabolic models and gut brain models of ASD with GI symptoms, including SCFAshort-chain fatty acid (SCFA) synthesis/degradation and neurotoxin-related p-cresol degradation, which are closely associated with ASD-related behaviors in animal models. Furthermore, we constructed a Support Vector Machine classification model, which robustly discriminated individuals with ASD and GI symptoms from TD individuals in a validation set (AUC = 0.88). Our findings provide a deep insight into the roles of the disturbed gut ecosystem in individuals with ASD and GI symptoms aged 3-6 years. Our classification model supports gut microbiota as a potential biomarker for the early identification of ASD and interventions targeting particular gut-beneficial microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Fanchao Meng
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Tianyi Chang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Fan He
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
| | - Yi Zheng
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
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Snyder KB, Hunter CJ. Bugs and the barrier: A review of the gut microbiome and intestinal barrier in necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Pediatr Surg 2023; 32:151310. [PMID: 37290337 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2023.151310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease that affects premature neonates. It frequently results in significant morbidity and mortality for those affected. Years of research into the pathophysiology of NEC have revealed it to be a variable and multifactorial disease. However, there are risk factors associated with NEC including low birth weight, prematurity, intestinal immaturity, alterations in microbial colonization, and history of rapid or formula based enteral feeds (Fig. 1).1-3 An accepted generalization of the pathogenesis of NEC includes a hyperresponsive immune reaction to insults such as ischemia, starting formula feeds, or alterations in the microbiome with pathologic bacterial colonization and translocation. This reaction causes a hyperinflammatory response disrupting the normal intestinal barrier, allowing abnormal bacterial translocation and ultimately sepsis.1,2,4 This review will focus specifically on the interactions with the microbiome and intestinal barrier function in NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brooke Snyder
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Oklahoma Children's Hospital, 1200 Everett Drive, ET NP 2320 Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Surgery, 800 Research Parkway, Suite 449, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Catherine J Hunter
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Oklahoma Children's Hospital, 1200 Everett Drive, ET NP 2320 Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Surgery, 800 Research Parkway, Suite 449, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.
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Minor G, Sentongo T, Heine RG, Zemrani B. Tolerability and safety of a semi-elemental enteral formula with partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) in tube-fed children aged 1-4 years: An open-label, single-arm study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 55:392-399. [PMID: 37202073 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a water-soluble fiber supporting digestive health with well-established safety and efficacy. This open-label, single-arm, multicenter trial aimed to assess the tolerability and safety of a semi-elemental enteral formula containing PHGG at 12 g/L in tube-fed young children. METHODS Children aged 1-4 years with stable conditions requiring tube feeding to provide ≥80% of their nutritional needs received the study formula for seven days. Tolerability, safety, adequacy of energy/protein intake, and weight change were assessed. RESULTS Of 24 children (mean age 33.5 months; 10 [41.7%] female), 23 (95.8%) commenced treatment and 18 (75%) completed the study. All children had underlying neuro-developmental disabilities, often in association with gastrointestinal comorbidities requiring treatment for constipation (70.8%) or gastroesophageal reflux (66.7%). The formula was well-tolerated by 19 (82.6%) subjects, while 4 (17.4%; 95% CI: 5%, 39%) subjects withdrew early from the study due to gastrointestinal intolerance. The mean (SD) percentage energy and protein intake across the 7-day period were 103.5% (24.7) and 139.5% [50], respectively. Weight remained stable over the 7-day period (p = 0.43). The study formula was associated with a shift towards softer and more frequent stools. Pre-existing constipation was generally well controlled, and 3/16 (18.7%) subjects ceased laxatives during the study. Adverse events were reported in 12 (52%) subjects and were deemed 'probably related' or 'related' to the formula in 3 (13%) subjects. Gastrointestinal adverse events appeared more common in fiber-naïve patients (p = 0.09). CONCLUSION The present study indicates that the study formula was safe and generally well tolerated in young tube-fed children. CLINICALTRIALS GOV IDENTIFIER NCT04516213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Minor
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, KIDZ Medical Services, Hollywood, FL, USA.
| | - Timothy Sentongo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Comer Children's Hospital, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Ralf G Heine
- Clinical Research and Development, Pediatric Medical Nutrition, Nestlé Health Science, Vevey, Switzerland.
| | - Boutaina Zemrani
- Clinical Research and Development, Pediatric Medical Nutrition, Nestlé Health Science, Vevey, Switzerland.
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Li F, Lai J, Ma F, Cai Y, Li S, Feng Z, Lu Z, Liu X, Ke Q, Hao H, Xiao X. Maternal melatonin supplementation shapes gut microbiota and protects against inflammation in early life. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110359. [PMID: 37257272 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota colonization is critical for immune education and nutrient metabolism. Research shows that melatonin has beneficial effects as a therapy for many diseases via modulating gut dysbiosis. However, it is unclear whether melatonin alters gut microbiota colonization in early life. METHODS In the experimental group (Mel), mice were intraperitoneally injected with melatonin at 10 mg/kg body weight for embryonic days 14-16 and received drinking water containing 0.4 mg/mL melatonin until 28 days postpartum. In the control group (Ctrl), mice were injected with the same volume of 2.5% ethanol in saline and provided with standard water. Two more groups were created by treating neonatal mice with 20 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation, resulting in the groups Ctrl + LPS and Mel + LPS, respectively. We examined the gut microbiota of the neonatal mice in the Ctrl and Mel group on Days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-birth. On Day 14, melatonin and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations were measured in the Ctrl and Mel group and the mice were treated with LPS to be evaluated for intestinal injury and inflammatory response 15 h post treatment. According to the result of the SCFAs concentrations, some neonatal mice were intraperitoneally injected with 500 mg/kg sodium butyrate (SB) from Days 11-13, intraperitoneally injected with 20 mg/kg LPS on Day 14, and then euthanized by carbon dioxide inhalation the next morning. Intestinal injury and inflammatory responses were evaluated in the Ctrl + LPS and SB + LPS groups, respectively. RESULTS By Day 14, it was evident that maternal melatonin supplementation significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the ileal [61.03 (35.35 - 76.18) % vs. 98.02 (86.61 - 99.01) %, P = 0.003] and colonic [73.88 (69.77 - 85.99) % vs. 96.16 (94.57 - 96.34) %, P = 0.04] microbiota, the concentration of melatonin (0.79 ± 0.49 ng/ml vs. 6.11 ± 3.48 ng/ml, P = 0.008) in the gut lumen, and the fecal butyric acid (12.91 ± 5.74 μg/g vs. 23.58 ± 10.71 μg/g, P = 0.026) concentration of neonatal mice. Melatonin supplementation, and sodium butyrate treatment markedly alleviated intestinal injury and decreased inflammatory factors in neonatal mice. CONCLUSION This study suggests that maternal melatonin supplementation can shape the gut microbiota and metabolism of offspring under normal physiological conditions and protect them against LPS-induced inflammation in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Jiahao Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhuhai Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yao Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Sitao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Inborn Errors of Metabolism Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Zhoushan Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Zhendong Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Qiong Ke
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hu Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Inborn Errors of Metabolism Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University.
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Inborn Errors of Metabolism Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University.
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Yang L, Tian J. Changes of intestinal flora in children with febrile seizure. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33730. [PMID: 37335742 PMCID: PMC10194469 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizure (FS) is a highly recurrent neuro-system disorder in children that affects their nervous system development and quality of life. However, the pathogenesis of febrile seizures remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate the potential differences in the intestinal flora and metabolomics between healthy children and those with FS. By examining the relationship between specific flora and different metabolites, we hope to shed light on the pathogenesis of FS. Fecal specimens were collected from healthy children (n = 15) and children with febrile seizures (n = 15), and 16S rDNA sequencing was conducted to characterize intestinal flora. Subsequently, fecal samples from healthy (n = 6) and febrile seizure children (n = 6) were used to characterize metabolomics using linear discriminant analysis of effect size, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (pathway enrichment analysis), and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes topology analysis. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify metabolites in the fecal samples. The intestinal microbiome in the febrile seizure children significantly differed from that in the healthy children at the phylum level. Ten differentially accumulated metabolites (xanthosine, (S)-abscisic acid, N-palmitoylglycine, (+/-)-2-(5-methyl-5-vinyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl) propionaldehyde, (R)-3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, lauroylcarnitine, oleoylethanolamide, tetradecyl carnitine, taurine, and lysoPC [18:1 (9z)/0:0] were considered the potential febrile seizure markers. Three metabolic pathways (taurine metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and arginine biosynthesis) were found essential in febrile seizure. Bacteroides were significantly correlated with the 4 differential metabolites. Adjusting the balance of intestinal flora may be an effective method for preventing and treating febrile seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, China
- Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianmei Tian
- Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
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Tabassum A, Ali A, Zahedi FD, Ismail NAS. Immunomodulatory Role of Vitamin D on Gut Microbiome in Children. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051441. [PMID: 37239112 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a role in regulating the immune system and can be linked to the alteration of the gut microbiome, which leads to several immunological diseases. This systematic review aims to explore the relationship between Vitamin D and children's gut microbiome, as well as its impact towards the immune system. We have systematically collated relevant studies from different databases concerning changes in the gut microbiome of children from infants to 18 years old associated with Vitamin D and the immunological pathways. The studies utilized 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of fecal matter with or without Vitamin D supplementation and Vitamin D levels. Ten studies were selected for the review, among which eight studies showed significant alterations in the gut microbiome related to Vitamin D supplementation or Vitamin D levels. The taxa of the phylum Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria are the most altered in these studies. The alteration of the taxa alters the Th1 and Th2 pathways and changes the immune response. We will discuss how Vitamin D may contribute to the activation of immune pathways via its effects on intestinal barrier function, microbiome composition, and/or direct effects on immune responses. In conclusion, the studies examined in this review have provided evidence that Vitamin D levels may have an impact on the composition of children's gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Tabassum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Farah Dayana Zahedi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Piazzesi A, Putignani L. Impact of helminth-microbiome interactions on childhood health and development-A clinical perspective. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e12949. [PMID: 36063358 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Humans have co-existed with parasites for virtually the entirety of our existence as a species. Today, nearly one third of the human population is infected with at least one helminthic species, most of which reside in the intestinal tract, where they have co-evolved alongside the human gut microbiota (GM). Appreciation for the interconnected relationship between helminths and GM has increased in recent years. Here, we review the evidence of how helminths and GM can influence various aspects of childhood development and the onset of paediatric diseases. We discuss the emerging evidence of how many of the changes that parasitic worms inflict on their host is enacted through gut microbes. In this light, we argue that helminth-induced microbiota modifications are of great importance in both facing the global challenge of overcoming parasitic infections, and in replicating helminthic protective effects against inflammatory diseases. We propose that deepening our knowledge of helminth-microbiota interactions will uncover novel, safer and more effective therapeutic strategies in combatting an array of childhood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Piazzesi
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Zhao M, Meng Y, Cao B, Tong J, Liu X, Yan H, Yang H, Han H, Liang X, Chen H. A bibliometric analysis of studies on gut microbiota in attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder from 2012 to 2021. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1055804. [PMID: 37007507 PMCID: PMC10050751 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1055804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAn increasing number of studies have focused on the role of gut microbiota in the treatment of ADHD, but its related molecular mechanisms are not yet clear, and there is still room for development of studies targeting this area. This study analyzes publications from 2012 to 2021 in a comprehensive and multi-faceted visualization, with the aim of grasping the existing research profile and guiding scholars to make more in-depth studies.MethodsThe 1,677 articles and 298 review articles on gut microbiota in ADHD were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Microsoft Excel 2019, Scimago Graphica, Bibliometrix and Pajek metrics software were used for visualization and analysis of the included literature.ResultsOn August 3, 2022, a total of 1975 English-language articles on gut microbiota in ADHD were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) from January 2012 to December 2021, with a steady upward trend in the number of articles published in this field over the decade. The top three countries in terms of the number of articles published are the United States, China, and Spain. Meanwhile, CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS CSIC, UNIV OF CALIFORNIA SYSTEM, and UDICE FRENCH RESEARCH UNIV have made significant contributions in this field. In the analysis of the published journals, PLoS One was not only the first in terms of number of articles published but also the most cited. Wang J was the most prolific author and CAPORASO JG ranked first in terms of co-cited authors. In addition, “Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome,” published by David LA et al., has the highest citation frequency in this field. The most frequently occurring keyword was “gut microbiota.”ConclusionThe results of this paper clarify the current status of research on gut microbiota in ADHD. Based on the research on the mechanism of gut microbiota in other diseases, there is reason to believe that the exploration of gut microbiota in ADHD must be increasingly mature. And the study speculates that future research may focus on “nutrition supplements,” “lipid metabolism,” and “gut brain axis.” It is imperative to promote a closer international cooperation among scholars in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hopsital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hopsital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Buzi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hopsital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianbin Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hopsital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Brain Homeostasis, The Third Xiangya Hopsital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hanqi Yang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Houzhi Han
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaobing Liang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hopsital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Chen,
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Lee SY, Li SC, Yang CY, Kuo HC, Chou WJ, Wang LJ. Gut Leakage Markers and Cognitive Functions in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10030513. [PMID: 36980071 PMCID: PMC10047799 DOI: 10.3390/children10030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a commonly seen mental disorder in children. Intestinal permeability may be associated with the pathogenesis of ADHD. The study herein investigated the role of gut leakage biomarkers in the susceptibility of ADHD. A total of 130 children with ADHD and 73 healthy controls (HC) individuals were recruited. Serum concentrations of zonulin, occludin, and defensin (DEFA1) were determined. Visual attention was assessed with Conners’ continuous performance test (CPT). In order to rate participants’ ADHD core symptoms at home and school, their parents and teachers completed the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham—Version IV Scale (SNAP-IV), respectively. We found significantly lower DEFA1 levels in the ADHD group compared to that in the HC group (p = 0.008), but not serum levels of zonulin and occludin. The serum levels of DEFA1 showed an inverse correlation with the inattention scores in the SNAP-IV parent form (p = 0.042) and teacher form (p = 0.010), and the hyperactivity/impulsivity scores in the SNAP-IV teacher form (p = 0.014). The serum levels of occludin showed a positive correlation with the subtest of detectability in the CPT (p = 0.020). Our study provides new reference into the relation between gut leakage markers and cognition, which may advance research of the pathophysiology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology/Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jiun Chou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (ext. 8753); Fax: +886-7-7326817
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A Cross-sectional Survey to Review Food Safety Practices Within Pediatric Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Centers in the United Kingdom. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 45:e471-e478. [PMID: 36898034 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
FOOD SAFETY AND PEDIATRIC CANCER Neutropenia is a common complication of chemotherapy, which poses a high risk of infection and mortality. Neutropenic diet has historically been recommended for those undergoing chemotherapy. The rationale is to reduce the risk of foodborne infection by avoiding foods considered to be of high microbial risk. However, evidence for this diet is limited, and there is a lack of national consensus guidelines. AIM Ascertain food safety advice across specialist centers providing high-dose chemotherapy for malignancy or stem cell transplants in the United Kingdom. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dietitians at 22 centers were contacted to complete a questionnaire regarding food safety guidance implemented at their center for pediatric patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy or stem cell transplants. Questions related to restricted foods, specific guidelines implemented, ward food provision, and timings of food provision. RESULTS Sixteen centers responded (73%). Many aspects of neutropenic diet were consistent across centers; avoidance of unpasteurized dairy products (94%), raw/undercooked meat (94%), and unpasteurized pâté (88%). There was a lack of consistency regarding water sources used on wards and unpeeled fruits and vegetables. CONCLUSIONS Food safety guidance for neutropenic patients differs across centers, with some practices seeming outdated and nonevidence based. A national review of food safety guidance should be considered to provide a standardized approach.
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Nota MH, Nicolas S, O’Leary OF, Nolan YM. Outrunning a bad diet: interactions between exercise and a Western-style diet for adolescent mental health, metabolism and microbes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105147. [PMID: 36990371 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of biological, psychological and social changes, and the peak time for the emergence of mental health problems. During this life stage, brain plasticity including hippocampal neurogenesis is increased, which is crucial for cognitive functions and regulation of emotional responses. The hippocampus is especially susceptible to environmental and lifestyle influences, mediated by changes in physiological systems, resulting in enhanced brain plasticity but also an elevated risk for developing mental health problems. Indeed, adolescence is accompanied by increased activation of the maturing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sensitivity to metabolic changes due to increased nutritional needs and hormonal changes, and gut microbiota maturation. Importantly, dietary habits and levels of physical activity significantly impact these systems. In this review, the interactions between exercise and Western-style diets, which are high in fat and sugar, on adolescent stress susceptibility, metabolism and the gut microbiota are explored. We provide an overview of current knowledge on implications of these interactions for hippocampal function and adolescent mental health, and speculate on potential mechanisms which require further investigation.
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50
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Markus V, Paul AA, Teralı K, Özer N, Marks RS, Golberg K, Kushmaro A. Conversations in the Gut: The Role of Quorum Sensing in Normobiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043722. [PMID: 36835135 PMCID: PMC9963693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, has been shown to affect host health. Several factors, including dietary changes, have been reported to cause dysbiosis with its associated pathologies that include inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, obesity, depression, and autism. We recently demonstrated the inhibitory effects of artificial sweeteners on bacterial quorum sensing (QS) and proposed that QS inhibition may be one mechanism behind such dysbiosis. QS is a complex network of cell-cell communication that is mediated by small diffusible molecules known as autoinducers (AIs). Using AIs, bacteria interact with one another and coordinate their gene expression based on their population density for the benefit of the whole community or one group over another. Bacteria that cannot synthesize their own AIs secretly "listen" to the signals produced by other bacteria, a phenomenon known as "eavesdropping". AIs impact gut microbiota equilibrium by mediating intra- and interspecies interactions as well as interkingdom communication. In this review, we discuss the role of QS in normobiosis (the normal balance of bacteria in the gut) and how interference in QS causes gut microbial imbalance. First, we present a review of QS discovery and then highlight the various QS signaling molecules used by bacteria in the gut. We also explore strategies that promote gut bacterial activity via QS activation and provide prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Markus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus
| | - Abraham Abbey Paul
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Kerem Teralı
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cyprus International University, Nicosia 99258, Cyprus
| | - Nazmi Özer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Girne American University, Kyrenia 99428, Cyprus
| | - Robert S. Marks
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Karina Golberg
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (A.K.); Tel.: +972-74-7795293 (K.G.); +972-747795291 (A.K.)
| | - Ariel Kushmaro
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
- School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (A.K.); Tel.: +972-74-7795293 (K.G.); +972-747795291 (A.K.)
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