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Kumar R, Kolloli A, Singh P, Shi L, Kupz A, Subbian S. The innate memory response of macrophages to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is shaped by the nature of the antigenic stimuli. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0047324. [PMID: 38980014 PMCID: PMC11302266 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00473-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells, such as macrophages, mount an immune response upon exposure to antigens and pathogens. Emerging evidence shows that macrophages exposed to an antigen can generate a "memory-like" response (a.k.a. trained immunity), which confers a non-specific and enhanced response upon subsequent stimulation with a second antigen/microbe. This trained immunity has been implicated in the enhanced response of macrophages against several invading pathogens. However, the association between the nature of the antigen and the corresponding immune correlate of elicited trained immunity is not fully understood. Similarly, the response of macrophages trained and restimulated with homologous stimulants to subsequent infection by pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains unexplored. Here, we report the immune and metabolic profiles of trained immunity in human THP-1-derived macrophages after homologous training and restimulation with BCG, LPS, purified protein Derivative (PPD), heat-killed Mtb strains HN878 (hk-HN), and CDC1551 (hk-CDC). Furthermore, the impact of training on the autophagic and antimicrobial responses of macrophages with or without subsequent infection by clinical Mtb isolates HN878 and CDC1551 was evaluated. Results show that repeated stimulation of macrophages with different antigens displays distinct pro-inflammatory, metabolic, antimicrobial, and autophagy induction profiles. These macrophages also induce a differential antimicrobial response upon infection with clinical Mtb HN878 and CDC1551 isolates. A significantly reduced intracellular bacterial load was noted in the stimulated macrophages, which was augmented by the addition of rapamycin, an autophagy inducer. These observations suggest that the nature of the antigen and the mode of stimulation shape the magnitude and breadth of macrophage innate memory response, which impacts subsequent response to Mtb infection. IMPORTANCE Trained immunity (a.k.a. innate memory response) is a novel concept that has been rapidly emerging as a mechanism underpinning the non-specific immunity of innate immune cells, such as macrophages. However, the association between the nature of the stimuli and the corresponding immune correlate of trained immunity is not fully understood. Similarly, the kinetics of immunological and metabolic characteristics of macrophages upon "training" by the same antigen as primary and secondary stimuli (homologous stimulation) are not fully characterized. Furthermore, the ability of antigens such as purified protein derivative (PPD) and heat-killed-Mtb to induce trained immunity remains unknown. Similarly, the response of macrophages primed and trained by homologous stimulants to subsequent infection by pathogenic Mtb is yet to be reported. In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that the nature of the stimuli impacts the depth and breadth of trained immunity in macrophages, which differentially affects their response to Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pooja Singh
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lanbo Shi
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Cairns & Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Rocha CM, Kawamoto D, Martins FH, Bueno MR, Ishikawa KH, Ando-Suguimoto ES, Carlucci AR, Arroteia LS, Casarin RV, Saraiva L, Simionato MRL, Mayer MPA. Experimental Inoculation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus gordonii and Its Impact on Alveolar Bone Loss and Oral and Gut Microbiomes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8090. [PMID: 39125663 PMCID: PMC11312116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral bacteria are implicated not only in oral diseases but also in gut dysbiosis and inflammatory conditions throughout the body. The periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) often occurs in complex oral biofilms with Streptococcus gordonii (Sg), and this interaction might influence the pathogenic potential of this pathogen. This study aims to assess the impact of oral inoculation with Aa, Sg, and their association (Aa+Sg) on alveolar bone loss, oral microbiome, and their potential effects on intestinal health in a murine model. Sg and/or Aa were orally administered to C57Bl/6 mice, three times per week, for 4 weeks. Aa was also injected into the gingiva three times during the initial experimental week. After 30 days, alveolar bone loss, expression of genes related to inflammation and mucosal permeability in the intestine, serum LPS levels, and the composition of oral and intestinal microbiomes were determined. Alveolar bone resorption was detected in Aa, Sg, and Aa+Sg groups, although Aa bone levels did not differ from that of the SHAM-inoculated group. Il-1β expression was upregulated in the Aa group relative to the other infected groups, while Il-6 expression was downregulated in infected groups. Aa or Sg downregulated the expression of tight junction genes Cldn 1, Cldn 2, Ocdn, and Zo-1 whereas infection with Aa+Sg led to their upregulation, except for Cldn 1. Aa was detected in the oral biofilm of the Aa+Sg group but not in the gut. Infections altered oral and gut microbiomes. The oral biofilm of the Aa group showed increased abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacterales, and Alloprevotella, while Sg administration enhanced the abundance of Alloprevotella and Rothia. The gut microbiome of infected groups showed reduced abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae. Infection with Aa or Sg disrupts both oral and gut microbiomes, impacting oral and gut homeostasis. While the combination of Aa with Sg promotes Aa survival in the oral cavity, it mitigates the adverse effects of Aa in the gut, suggesting a beneficial role of Sg associations in gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Medeiros Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Dione Kawamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
| | - Fernando Henrique Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Manuela Rocha Bueno
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Division of Periodontics, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas 13045-755, SP, Brazil
| | - Karin H. Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
| | - Ellen Sayuri Ando-Suguimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
| | - Aline Ramos Carlucci
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
| | - Leticia Sandoli Arroteia
- Department of Prosthesis and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, SP, Brazil; (L.S.A.); (R.V.C.)
| | - Renato V. Casarin
- Department of Prosthesis and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, SP, Brazil; (L.S.A.); (R.V.C.)
| | - Luciana Saraiva
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina Lorenzetti Simionato
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
| | - Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
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Huang YL, Zheng JM, Shi ZY, Chen HH, Wang XT, Kong FB. Inflammatory proteins may mediate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease: A mediation and multivariable Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38551. [PMID: 38905376 PMCID: PMC11191895 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This research investigates the causal relationships among gut microbiota, inflammatory proteins, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and identifies the role of inflammatory proteins as potential mediators. Our study analyzed gut microbiome data from 13,266 samples collected by the MiBioGen alliance, along with inflammatory protein data from recent research by Zhao et al, and genetic data on CD and UC from the International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (IIBDGC). We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the associations, complemented by replication, meta-analysis, and multivariable MR techniques for enhanced accuracy and robustness. Our analysis employed several statistical methods, including inverse-variance weighting, MR-Egger, and the weighted median method, ensuring comprehensive and precise evaluation. After MR analysis, replication and meta-analysis, we revealed significant associations between 11 types of gut microbiota and 17 inflammatory proteins were associated with CD and UC. Mediator MR analysis and multivariable MR analysis showed that in CD, the CD40L receptor mediated the causal effect of Defluviitaleaceae UCG-011 on CD (mediation ratio 8.3%), and the Hepatocyte growth factor mediated the causal effect of Odoribacter on CD (mediation ratio 18%). In UC, the C-C motif chemokine 4 mediated the causal effect of Ruminococcus2 on UC (mediation ratio 4%). This research demonstrates the interactions between specific gut microbiota, inflammatory proteins, and CD and UC. Furthermore, the CD40L receptor may mediate the relationship between Defluviitaleaceae UCG-011 and CD; the Hepatocyte growth factor may mediate the relationship between Odoribacter and CD; and the C-C motif chemokine 4 may mediate the relationship between Ruminococcus2 and UC. The identified associations and mediation effects offer insights into potential therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiome for managing CD and UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Liang Huang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Institute of Minimally Invasive Technology and Applications Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Min Zheng
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Yi Shi
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Institute of Minimally Invasive Technology and Applications Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Institute of Minimally Invasive Technology and Applications Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wang
- Departments of Gastrointestinal, Hernia and Enterofistula Surgery, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Institute of Minimally Invasive Technology and Applications Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan-Biao Kong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Institute of Minimally Invasive Technology and Applications Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
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Sipos F, Műzes G. Colonic Tuft Cells: The Less-Recognized Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6209. [PMID: 38892399 PMCID: PMC11172904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuft cells are more than guardian chemosensory elements of the digestive tract. They produce a variety of immunological effector molecules in response to stimulation; moreover, they are essential for defense against protozoa and nematodes. Beyond the description of their characteristics, this review aims to elucidate the potential pathogenic and therapeutic roles of colonic tuft cells in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, focusing on their primarily immunomodulatory action. Regarding inflammatory bowel disease, tuft cells are implicated in both maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and in tissue repair and regeneration processes. In addition to maintaining intestinal homeostasis, they display complex immune-regulatory functions. During the development of colorectal cancer, tuft cells can promote the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, alter the gastrointestinal microenvironment, and modulate both the anti-tumor immune response and the tumor microenvironment. A wide variety of their biological functions can be targeted for anti-inflammatory or anti-tumor therapies; however, the adverse side effects of immunomodulatory actions must be strictly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Sipos
- Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Műzes
- Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
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Li W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Liu J, Zhu K, Jiang S, Duan J. Lizhong decoction ameliorates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting ferroptosis of enterocytes via the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117966. [PMID: 38401661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Traditional herbal medicines have been considered as a novel and effective way to treat many diseases. Lizhong decoction (LZD), a classical prescription composed of Zingiber officinale Rosc., Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., has been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders in clinical practices for thousands of years. However, the mechanism of LZD in alleviating ulcerative colitis (UC) is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to clarify the potential molecular mechanism of LZD in improving UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The amelioration of LZD on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC mice was evaluated by body weight, colon length, pathology of colon tissues, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins. Moreover, the gene expression profiles of UC patients were extracted to investigate potential pathological mechanisms of UC. The influence of LZD on ferroptosis was analyzed by iron load, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the expression of ferroptosis-associated proteins. Meanwhile, the inhibition of LZD on oxidative stress (OS) was assessed by the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, as well as the expression levels of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Furthermore, the influence of LZD on ferroptosis was assessed by inhibiting nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 (Nrf2). RESULTS LZD showed significant therapeutic effects in UC mice, including reduction of intestinal injury and inflammation. Moreover, LZD treatment notably upregulated the expression of TJ proteins. Further investigation indicated that LZD significantly inhibited the ferroptosis of enterocytes by decreasing iron load and MDA, and increasing the expression levels of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in colon tissues. Furthermore, the decreased activity of SOD, reduced level of GSH, and increased content of GSSG in UC mice were notably reversed by LZD. Consistent with in vivo results, LZD could markedly inhibit ferroptosis and OS in RSL3-induced Caco-2 cells. Mechanistically, LZD alleviated ferroptosis by suppressing OS through the activation of Nrf2 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, LZD remarkably improved intestinal pathological injury in UC mice, and its potential mechanism was the suppression of ferroptosis in enterocytes by the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yuwen Fan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Ciorba MA, Konnikova L, Hirota SA, Lucchetta EM, Turner JR, Slavin A, Johnson K, Condray CD, Hong S, Cressall BK, Pizarro TT, Hurtado-Lorenzo A, Heller CA, Moss AC, Swantek JL, Garrett WS. Challenges in IBD Research 2024: Preclinical Human IBD Mechanisms. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:S5-S18. [PMID: 38778627 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Preclinical human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mechanisms is one of 5 focus areas of the Challenges in IBD Research 2024 document, which also includes environmental triggers, novel technologies, precision medicine, and pragmatic clinical research. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of current gaps in inflammatory bowel diseases research that relate to preclinical research and deliver actionable approaches to address them with a focus on how these gaps can lead to advancements in IBD interception, remission, and restoration. The document is the result of multidisciplinary input from scientists, clinicians, patients, and funders and represents a valuable resource for patient-centric research prioritization. This preclinical human IBD mechanisms section identifies major research gaps whose investigation will elucidate pathways and mechanisms that can be targeted to address unmet medical needs in IBD. Research gaps were identified in the following areas: genetics, risk alleles, and epigenetics; the microbiome; cell states and interactions; barrier function; IBD complications (specifically fibrosis and stricturing); and extraintestinal manifestations. To address these gaps, we share specific opportunities for investigation for basic and translational scientists and identify priority actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Ciorba
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Departments of Pediatrics, Immunobiology, and Obstetric, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Simon A Hirota
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elena M Lucchetta
- The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Cass D Condray
- Patient Representative for the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sungmo Hong
- Patient Representative for the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon K Cressall
- Patient Representative for the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Caren A Heller
- Research Department, Crohn's & Colitis Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan C Moss
- Research Department, Crohn's & Colitis Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- The Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Kymera Therapeutics, Watertown, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Söderman J, Almer S. Discerning Endoscopic Severity of Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Scoping the Peripheral Blood Transcriptome. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2024; 3:618-633. [PMID: 39165421 PMCID: PMC11330933 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) with an incompletely understood etiology and pathogenesis. Identification of suitable drug targets and assessment of disease severity are crucial for optimal management. Methods Using RNA sequencing, we investigated differential gene expression in peripheral blood samples from IBD patients and non-inflamed controls, analyzed pathway enrichment, and identified genes whose expression correlated with endoscopic disease severity. Results Neutrophil degranulation emerged as the most significant pathway across all IBD sample types. Signaling by interleukins was prominent in patients with active intestinal inflammation but also enriched in CD and UC patients without intestinal inflammation. Nevertheless, genes correlated to endoscopic disease severity implicated the primary cilium in CD patients and translation and focal adhesion in UC patients. Moreover, several of these genes were located in genome-wide associated loci linked to IBD, cholesterol levels, blood cell counts, and levels of markers assessing liver and kidney function. These genes also suggested connections to intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, contemporary IBD drug treatment, and new actionable drug targets. A large number of genes associated with endoscopic disease severity corresponded to noncoding RNAs. Conclusion This study revealed biological pathways associated with IBD disease state and endoscopic disease severity, thus providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of IBD pathogenesis as well as identifying potential biomarkers and therapies. Peripheral blood might constitute a suitable noninvasive diagnostic sample type, in which gene expression profiles might serve as indicators of ongoing mucosal inflammation, and thus guide personalized treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Söderman
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Laboratory Medicine, Jönköping, Region Jönköping County, Sweden
| | - Sven Almer
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- IBD-Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lu MK, Lee MH, Chao CH, Hsu YC. Sodium sulfate addition increases the bioresource of biologically active sulfated polysaccharides from Antrodia cinnamomea. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128699. [PMID: 38092106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Fungal sulfated polysaccharides (SPS) have been used in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, sodium sulfate was employed as an elicitor to induce stress on the mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea for the biosynthesis of SPS with high sulfate content. Sodium sulfate treatments increased the yield of SPS to 4.46 % and increased the sulfate content to 6.8 mmol/g of SPS. SPS were extracted from A. cinnamomea cultured with 500 mM sodium sulfate; these SPSs are denoted as Na500. Na500 exhibited the highest sulfate content and dose-dependent inhibitory activity against LPS-induced production of macrophage interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Mechanistically, Na500 hindered the phosphorylation of transforming growth factor-β receptor II (TGFRII), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and protein kinase B (AKT) expression. A purified 7.79 kDa galactoglucan, Na500 F3, augmented the anti-inflammation activity by inhibiting LPS-induced TGFβ release. Additionally, Na500 F3 restrained the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p-38, ERK, AKT, and TGFRII in RAW264.7 cells. Na500 F3 impeded the proliferation of lung cancer H1975 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, ERK, and Slug. The anti-inflammation and anticancer properties of Antrodia SPS contribute to its health benefits, suggesting its utility in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Hsin Lee
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsein Chao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Hsu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Rodrigues SG, van der Merwe S, Krag A, Wiest R. Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and medical perspective in chronic liver diseases. Semin Immunol 2024; 71:101859. [PMID: 38219459 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana G Rodrigues
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Schalk van der Merwe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University hospital Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre for Liver Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Reiner Wiest
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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10
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Wang G, Ma F, Xie K, Li X, Tan X, Xia Y, Wang Y, Dong J. Liensinine alleviates mouse intestinal injury induced by sepsis through inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell apoptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111335. [PMID: 38101222 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome triggered by an imbalanced host response to pathogens that can lead to multiple organ dysfunction. The immune response and barrier function of the gut play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of sepsis. This study aimed to explore the potential role of natural alkaloid Liensinine in the treatment of intestinal injury caused by sepsis and its possible molecular mechanism. In this study, a mouse model of sepsis was established by injecting LPS to explore the protective effect of Liensinine on intestinal injury in sepsis. The results showed that Liensinine could reduce the intestinal damage caused by LPS and increase the number of goblet cells. Furthermore, it decreased the release of inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting NF-kB phosphorylation and NLRP3 inflammasome synthesis. Liensinine also reduced the oxidative stress and ROS accumulation caused by LPS, and played an anti-oxidative stress role by regulating the Nrf2/keap1 signaling pathway. In addition, Liensinine alleviated the inhibition of intestinal autophagy caused by LPS by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. And then it reduced the excessive apoptosis of intestinal cells. This study provides valuable insights for sepsis prevention and treatment, offering a potential therapeutic candidate to protect against intestinal injury and regulate the inflammatory response in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Department of Medicine Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Function Examination, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Function Examination, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Kunmei Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Department of Medicine Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Function Examination, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Xueqing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xuelian Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Function Examination, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang 222000, China.
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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11
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Zhang H, Zhao X, Gao Y, Shi Y, Wei L, Li J, Liu C, Ma X. D-Mannose promotes recovery from experimental colitis by inducing AMPK phosphorylation to stimulate epithelial repair. Food Funct 2024; 15:625-646. [PMID: 38099724 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Delayed mucosal healing and impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Accordingly, restoration of epithelial barrier function as a means to reshape mucosal homeostasis represents an important strategy for use in the treatment of UC. In this study, we examined the role and mechanisms of D-mannose in the recovery of colitis as assessed in both animal and cell models. We found that D-mannose ameliorated inflammation, promoted mucosal healing in the colon and therefore was able to induce the recovery of UC. Furthermore, D-mannose increased the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins and reduced the intestinal permeability during the recovery of colitis. Moreover, D-mannose inhibited M1 macrophage polarization and promoted M2 macrophage polarization via inducing AMPK phosphorylation while reducing mTOR phosphorylation in both models. In addition, increased TJ protein expression and decreased paracellular permeability were observed in NCM460 cells when incubated with the supernatants of D-mannose-treated RAW264.7 cells, suggesting that M1/M2 polarization induced by D-mannose modulates the expression of TJ proteins. Further study showed that D-mannose significantly upregulated the expression of TJ proteins in DSS-treated NCM460 cells by inducing AMPK phosphorylation, indicating a direct protective effect on epithelial cells. Finally, the protective effects of D-mannose were significantly abrogated by the presence of compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. Taken together, our data indicate that D-mannose can alleviate inflammation and foster epithelial restitution in UC recovery by inducing the TJ protein expression, which are achieved by inducing AMPK phosphorylation in the epithelium and/or macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yifei Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yao Shi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Lina Wei
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Chuanyong Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xuelian Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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12
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Shu Y, Yang B, Liu X, Xu M, Deng C, Wu H. Causal effects from inflammatory bowel disease on liver function and disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1320842. [PMID: 38298515 PMCID: PMC10827874 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1320842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has shown that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have liver function abnormalities and are susceptible to liver diseases. However, the existence of a causal relationship between IBD and liver function or disease remains unclear. Methods A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed using genetic associations from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). These associations encompass ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), liver function traits, and liver disease phenotypes. The liver function traits comprised hepatic biochemistries, percent liver fat, and liver iron content from the UK Biobank. Furthermore, the liver disease phenotypes included cholelithiasis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in cohorts of European ancestry. The primary estimation used the inverse-variance weighted method, with GWAS of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the UK Biobank serving as a positive control outcome. Results Genetically predicted UC is causally associated with decreased levels of albumin (ALB) and liver iron content, while genetically predicted CD is causally associated with increased levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Moreover, genetically predicted UC or CD increases the risk of PSC, and CD increases the risk of PBC. Neither UC nor CD causally increases the risk of cholelithiasis and NAFLD. Conclusion UC affects the levels of ALB and liver iron content, while CD affects the levels of ALP. Both UC and CD increase the risk of PSC, and CD increases the risk of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bocheng Yang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuanyou Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Meihua Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Zhang Y, Xu L, Tao Q, Liu Z, Wen J, Xu T, Lai S, Ai Y, Xu Z, Zhu L. The immunity protection of intestine induced by pseudorabies virus del gI/gE/TK in piglets. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1295524. [PMID: 38249453 PMCID: PMC10796999 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1295524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared to the classical strain of Pseudorabies virus (PRV), the PRV variant exhibits stronger transmissibility and pathogenicity, causing immense disasters for the global pig industry. Based on this variant, our laboratory has preliminarily constructed a modified pseudorabies virus with deletions in the gE/gI/TK genes. In this study, the protective efficacy of PRV XJ del gI/gE/TK against piglet intestinal damage was evaluated. The results demonstrated that piglets immunized with PRV XJ del gI/gE/TK exhibited alleviated intestinal damage caused by the PRV XJ variant strain. This included reduced viral load, suppressed inflammation, and maintenance of intestinal structure and function. Additionally, PRV XJ del gI/gE/TK also strongly activated the innate immune response in the intestines, increasing the expression of antiviral factor mRNA and the secretion of SIgA to counteract the attack of the PRV XJ variant strain. Our study indicates that PRV XJ del gI/gE/TK can inhibit intestinal damage caused by PRV XJ variant strain and activate the innate immune response in the intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheyan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhua Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanru Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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14
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Hu X, He Z, Zhao C, He Y, Qiu M, Xiang K, Zhang N, Fu Y. Gut/rumen-mammary gland axis in mastitis: Gut/rumen microbiota-mediated "gastroenterogenic mastitis". J Adv Res 2024; 55:159-171. [PMID: 36822391 PMCID: PMC10770137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastitis is an inflammatory response in the mammary gland that results in huge economic losses in the breeding industry. The aetiology of mastitis is complex, and the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. It is commonly believed that mastitis is induced by pathogen infection of the mammary gland and induces a local inflammatory response. However, in the clinic, mastitis is often comorbid or secondary to gastric disease, and local control effects targeting the mammary gland are limited. In addition, recent studies have found that the gut/rumen microbiota contributes to the development of mastitis and proposed the gut/rumen-mammary gland axis. Combined with studies indicating that gut/rumen microbiota disturbance can damage the gut mucosa barrier, gut/rumen bacteria and their metabolites can migrate to distal extraintestinal organs. It is believed that the occurrence of mastitis is related not only to the infection of the mammary gland by external pathogenic microorganisms but also to a gastroenterogennic pathogenic pathway. AIM OF REVIEW We propose the pathological concept of "gastroenterogennic mastitis" and believe that the gut/rumen-mammary gland axis-mediated pathway is the pathological mechanism of "gastroenterogennic mastitis". KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW To clarify the concept of "gastroenterogennic mastitis" by summarizing reports on the effect of the gut/rumen microbiota on mastitis and the gut/rumen-mammary gland axis-mediated pathway to provide a research basis and direction for further understanding and solving the pathogenesis and difficulties encountered in the prevention of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Zhaoqi He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Caijun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Yuhong He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Kaihe Xiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China.
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China.
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15
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Li H, Ruan J, Huang J, Yang D, Yu H, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Wang T. Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) and Its Rich Ellagitannins as Potential Inhibitors in Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17538. [PMID: 38139367 PMCID: PMC10744232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis, an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, places a significant financial burden on patients and the healthcare system. Recently, reviews of the pomegranate and the abundant medicinal applications of its ellagitannins, as well as its pharmacological action, phytochemicals, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics, have been completed. However, summaries on their anti-ulcerative colitis effects are lacking. Numerous preclinical animal investigations and clinical human trial reports demonstrated the specific therapeutic effects of pomegranate and the effect of its ellagitannins against ulcerative colitis. According to the literature collected by Sci-finder and PubMed databases over the past 20 years, this is the first review that has compiled references regarding how the rich ellagitannins found in pomegranate have altered the ulcerative colitis. It was suggested that the various parts of pomegranates and their rich ellagitannins (especially their primary components, punicalagin, and ellagic acid) can inhibit oxidant and inflammatory processes, regulate the intestinal barrier and flora, and provide an anti-ulcerative colitis resource through dietary management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jingya Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Jiayan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Dingshan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuzheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China;
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16
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Liu B, Qian Y, Li Y, Shen X, Ye D, Mao Y, Sun X. Circulating levels of cytokines and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: evidence from genetic data. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1310086. [PMID: 38149258 PMCID: PMC10750389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1310086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prior epidemiological studies have established a correlation between inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the nature of this relationship remains uncertain. Mendelian randomization (MR) study has the advantages of avoiding confounding and reverse causality compared with traditional observational research. Objective We aimed to evaluate whether genetically determined circulating levels of cytokines are associated with the risk of IBD by using the MR approach. Materials and methods We selected genetic variants associated with circulating levels of 28 cytokines at the genome-wide significance level from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 8,293 individuals. Summary-level data for IBD (including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) were obtained from the International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium and UK Biobank. We performed the primary analysis using the inverse-variance weighted method, as well as sensitivity analyses to test the stability of our results. We subsequently replicated the results of IBD in the UK Biobank dataset. A reverse MR analysis was also conducted to evaluate the possibility of reverse causation. Results Genetically predicted elevated levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG) were associated with an increased risk of IBD[odds ratio (OR): 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.10-2.08, P =0.010 for IL-17 and OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.24-2.00, P = 1.60×10-4 for MIG]. Moreover, we observed suggestive associations between β-NGF and MIP-1β with the risk of Crohn's disease (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.52-0.98, P = 0.039) and ulcerative colitis (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15, P= 0.019). In the reverse MR study, there was no evidence of causal effects of IBD and these cytokines. Conclusion Our study suggests the potential causal associations of IL-17 and MIG with IBD. Further studies are needed to determine whether IL-17 and MIG or their downstream effectors could be useful in the management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangting Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Vebr M, Pomahačová R, Sýkora J, Schwarz J. A Narrative Review of Cytokine Networks: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3229. [PMID: 38137450 PMCID: PMC10740682 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong inflammatory immune mediated disorder, encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC); however, the cause and specific pathogenesis of IBD is yet incompletely understood. Multiple cytokines produced by different immune cell types results in complex functional networks that constitute a highly regulated messaging network of signaling pathways. Applying biological mechanisms underlying IBD at the single omic level, technologies and genetic engineering enable the quantification of the pattern of released cytokines and new insights into the cytokine landscape of IBD. We focus on the existing literature dealing with the biology of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and interactions that facilitate cell-based modulation of the immune system for IBD inflammation. We summarize the main roles of substantial cytokines in IBD related to homeostatic tissue functions and the remodeling of cytokine networks in IBD, which may be specifically valuable for successful cytokine-targeted therapies via marketed products. Cytokines and their receptors are validated targets for multiple therapeutic areas, we review the current strategies for therapeutic intervention and developing cytokine-targeted therapies. New biologics have shown efficacy in the last few decades for the management of IBD; unfortunately, many patients are nonresponsive or develop therapy resistance over time, creating a need for novel therapeutics. Thus, the treatment options for IBD beyond the immune-modifying anti-TNF agents or combination therapies are expanding rapidly. Further studies are needed to fully understand the immune response, networks of cytokines, and the direct pathogenetic relevance regarding individually tailored, safe and efficient targeted-biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Vebr
- Departments of Pediatrics, Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University of Prague, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (J.S.); (J.S.)
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18
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Giambra V, Pagliari D, Rio P, Totti B, Di Nunzio C, Bosi A, Giaroni C, Gasbarrini A, Gambassi G, Cianci R. Gut Microbiota, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Cancer: The Role of Guardians of Innate Immunity. Cells 2023; 12:2654. [PMID: 37998389 PMCID: PMC10669933 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by a persistent low-grade inflammation that leads to an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Several factors are implicated in this pathogenetic pathway, such as innate and adaptive immunity, gut microbiota, environment, and xenobiotics. At the gut mucosa level, a complex interplay between the immune system and gut microbiota occurs; a disequilibrium between these two factors leads to an alteration in the gut permeability, called 'leaky gut'. Subsequently, an activation of several inflammatory pathways and an alteration of gut microbiota composition with a proliferation of pro-inflammatory bacteria, known as 'pathobionts', take place, leading to a further increase in inflammation. This narrative review provides an overview on the principal Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), focusing on their recognition mechanisms, signaling pathways, and contributions to immune responses. We also report the genetic polymorphisms of TLRs and dysregulation of NLR signaling pathways that can influence immune regulation and contribute to the development and progression of inflammatory disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Giambra
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (V.G.); (B.T.); (C.D.N.)
| | - Danilo Pagliari
- Medical Officer of the Carabinieri Corps, Health Service of the Carabinieri General Headquarters, 00197 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Rio
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (A.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Beatrice Totti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (V.G.); (B.T.); (C.D.N.)
| | - Chiara Di Nunzio
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (V.G.); (B.T.); (C.D.N.)
| | - Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (A.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Giovanni Gambassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (A.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Rossella Cianci
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (A.G.); (G.G.)
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19
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Balda MS, Matter K. Tight junctions. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R1135-R1140. [PMID: 37935122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Various functions within our bodies require the generation and maintenance of compartments with distinct compositions, which in turn necessitate the formation of semipermeable cellular diffusion barriers. For example, the blood-brain barrier protects the brain by allowing only specific molecules to pass through. Another instance is the intestinal barrier, which allows the uptake of essential nutrients, while restricting the passage of pathogenic molecules and bacteria. Breakdown of such barriers causes various pathologies, such as brain or retinal edema, or diarrhoea. Epithelia and endothelia are the most common barrier-forming cells. Individual cells in such barriers are held together by cell-cell adhesion structures - also known as intercellular junctions - that are essential for barrier formation and maintenance. Here, we will focus on the structure and assembly of tight junctions (TJs) and their functions as barriers, but will refer to other adhesive structures crucial for barrier regulation such as adherens junctions (AJs) and focal adhesions to the extracellular matrix (ECM) (Figure 1A,B). We will also discuss additional functions of TJs in cell surface polarity and the regulation of gene expression, cell function, and cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Balda
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
| | - Karl Matter
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
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20
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Yazici D, Ogulur I, Pat Y, Babayev H, Barletta E, Ardicli S, Bel Imam M, Huang M, Koch J, Li M, Maurer D, Radzikowska U, Satitsuksanoa P, Schneider SR, Sun N, Traidl S, Wallimann A, Wawrocki S, Zhakparov D, Fehr D, Ziadlou R, Mitamura Y, Brüggen MC, van de Veen W, Sokolowska M, Baerenfaller K, Nadeau K, Akdis M, Akdis CA. The epithelial barrier: The gateway to allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases and chronic neuropsychiatric conditions. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101846. [PMID: 37801907 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1960 s, our health has been compromised by exposure to over 350,000 newly introduced toxic substances, contributing to the current pandemic in allergic, autoimmune and metabolic diseases. The "Epithelial Barrier Theory" postulates that these diseases are exacerbated by persistent periepithelial inflammation (epithelitis) triggered by exposure to a wide range of epithelial barrier-damaging substances as well as genetic susceptibility. The epithelial barrier serves as the body's primary physical, chemical, and immunological barrier against external stimuli. A leaky epithelial barrier facilitates the translocation of the microbiome from the surface of the afflicted tissues to interepithelial and even deeper subepithelial locations. In turn, opportunistic bacterial colonization, microbiota dysbiosis, local inflammation and impaired tissue regeneration and remodelling follow. Migration of inflammatory cells to susceptible tissues contributes to damage and inflammation, initiating and aggravating many chronic inflammatory diseases. The objective of this review is to highlight and evaluate recent studies on epithelial physiology and its role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases in light of the epithelial barrier theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Yazici
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yagiz Pat
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Huseyn Babayev
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Elena Barletta
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Sena Ardicli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Manal Bel Imam
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mengting Huang
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jana Koch
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Manru Li
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Debbie Maurer
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Urszula Radzikowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan R Schneider
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Na Sun
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Stephan Traidl
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wallimann
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Wawrocki
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Damir Zhakparov
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Fehr
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reihane Ziadlou
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Charlotte Brüggen
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Katja Baerenfaller
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland.
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21
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Huang K, Yang B, Xu Z, Chen H, Wang J. The early life immune dynamics and cellular drivers at single-cell resolution in lamb forestomachs and abomasum. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:130. [PMID: 37821933 PMCID: PMC10568933 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four-chambered stomach including the forestomachs (rumen, reticulum, and omasum) and abomasum allows ruminants convert plant fiber into high-quality animal products. The early development of this four-chambered stomach is crucial for the health and well-being of young ruminants, especially the immune development. However, the dynamics of immune development are poorly understood. RESULTS We investigated the early gene expression patterns across the four-chambered stomach in Hu sheep, at 5, 10, 15, and 25 days of age. We found that forestomachs share similar gene expression patterns, all four stomachs underwent widespread activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses from d 5 to 25, whereas the metabolic function were significantly downregulated with age. We constructed a cell landscape of the four-chambered stomach using single-cell sequencing. Integrating transcriptomic and single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed that the immune-associated module hub genes were highly expressed in T cells, monocytes and macrophages, as well as the defense-associated module hub genes were highly expressed in endothelial cells in the four-stomach tissues. Moreover, the non-immune cells such as epithelial cells play key roles in immune maturation. Cell communication analysis predicted that in addition to immune cells, non-immune cells recruit immune cells through macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling in the forestomachs. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the immune and defense responses of four stomachs are quickly developing with age in lamb's early life. We also identified the gene expression patterns and functional cells associated with immune development. Additionally, we identified some key receptors and signaling involved in immune regulation. These results help to understand the early life immune development at single-cell resolution, which has implications to develop nutritional manipulation and health management strategies based on specific targets including key receptors and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailang Huang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Zebang Xu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jiakun Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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22
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Zhang Y, Shen Y, Liufu N, Liu L, Li W, Shi Z, Zheng H, Mei X, Chen CY, Jiang Z, Abtahi S, Dong Y, Liang F, Shi Y, Cheng LL, Yang G, Kang JX, Wilkinson JE, Xie Z. Transmission of Alzheimer's disease-associated microbiota dysbiosis and its impact on cognitive function: evidence from mice and patients. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4421-4437. [PMID: 37604976 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Spouses of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients are at a higher risk of developing incidental dementia. However, the causes and underlying mechanism of this clinical observation remain largely unknown. One possible explanation is linked to microbiota dysbiosis, a condition that has been associated with AD. However, it remains unclear whether gut microbiota dysbiosis can be transmitted from AD individuals to non-AD individuals and contribute to the development of AD pathogenesis and cognitive impairment. We, therefore, set out to perform both animal studies and clinical investigation by co-housing wild-type mice and AD transgenic mice, analyzing microbiota via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, measuring short-chain fatty acid amounts, and employing behavioral test, mass spectrometry, site-mutations and other methods. The present study revealed that co-housing between wild-type mice and AD transgenic mice or administrating feces of AD transgenic mice to wild-type mice resulted in AD-associated gut microbiota dysbiosis, Tau phosphorylation, and cognitive impairment in the wild-type mice. Gavage with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium restored these changes in the wild-type mice. The oral and gut microbiota of AD patient partners resembled that of AD patients but differed from healthy controls, indicating the transmission of microbiota. The underlying mechanism of these findings includes that the butyric acid-mediated acetylation of GSK3β at lysine 15 regulated its phosphorylation at serine 9, consequently impacting Tau phosphorylation. Pending confirmative studies, these results provide insight into a potential link between the transmission of AD-associated microbiota dysbiosis and development of cognitive impairment, which underscore the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Yuan Shen
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Anesthesia and Brain Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
- Mental Health Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Ning Liufu
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, PR China
| | - Ling Liu
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Zhongyong Shi
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Anesthesia and Brain Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
- Mental Health Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Hailin Zheng
- Anesthesia and Brain Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Xinchun Mei
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Anesthesia and Brain Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
- Mental Health Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Zengliang Jiang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shabnamsadat Abtahi
- Biostatistics Department and Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yuanlin Dong
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Feng Liang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Yujiang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Leo L Cheng
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Jeremy E Wilkinson
- Biostatistics Department and Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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23
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Zhou F, Wu NZ, Xie Y, Zhou XJ. Intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease: A bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5254-5267. [PMID: 37901448 PMCID: PMC10600957 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i36.5254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrier surfaces composed of specialized epithelial cells separate the host body from the external environment, and are essential for maintaining proper intestinal physiologic and immune homeostasis. AIM To explore the development trends and research hotspots of intestinal barrier research in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS The publications related to the intestinal barrier in IBD were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometric analysis and visualization were conducted using VOSviewer, CiteSpace and R software. RESULTS A total of 4482 articles published between 2002 and 2022 were identified. The United States is dominant in intestinal barrier research, whereas the University of Chicago is the most active institution. Jerrold from Harvard Medical School was the most productive authors with the most citations. The journals Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Gastroenterology have made significant contributions in this field. The keywords appearing at high frequency related to the intestinal barrier in IBD were detected, including nuclear factor kappa B, tumor necrosis factor-α, apoptosis, oxidative stress and probiotics. Among them, antioxidants, Akkermansia muciniphila, nanoparticles, short-chain fatty acids and extracellular vesicles have received growing interest in recent research. CONCLUSION The intestinal barrier field is developing rapidly with extensive cooperation. Targeting the gut microbiota and dietary metabolism to regulate the intestinal barrier has shown promising prospective applications and has generated broad interest. The importance of the intestinal barrier in IBD is gradually being fully recognized, providing a new therapeutic perspective for improving inflammation and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nan-Zhen Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fengcheng People's Hospital, Fengcheng 331100, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
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24
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Meng G, Monaghan TM, Duggal NA, Tighe P, Peerani F. Microbial-Immune Crosstalk in Elderly-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Unchartered Territory. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1309-1325. [PMID: 36806917 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Elderly-onset inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients exhibit a distinct natural history compared to younger IBD patients, with unique disease phenotypes, differential responses to therapy, and increased surgical morbidity and mortality. Despite the foreseeable high demand for personalized medicine and specialized IBD care in the elderly, current paradigms of IBD management fail to capture the required nuances of care for elderly-onset IBD patients. Our review postulates the roles of systemic and mucosal immunosenescence, inflammageing and a dysbiotic microbial ecosystem in the pathophysiology of elderly-onset IBD. Ultimately, a better understanding of elderly-onset IBD can lead to improved patient outcomes and the tailoring of future preventative and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanmin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tanya M Monaghan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Niharika A Duggal
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paddy Tighe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Farhad Peerani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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25
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Andersen V, Bennike TB, Bang C, Rioux JD, Hébert-Milette I, Sato T, Hansen AK, Nielsen OH. Investigating the Crime Scene-Molecular Signatures in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11217. [PMID: 37446397 PMCID: PMC10342864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are without cure and troublesome to manage because of the considerable diversity between patients and the lack of reliable biomarkers. Several studies have demonstrated that diet, gut microbiota, genetics and other patient factors are essential for disease occurrence and progression. Understanding the link between these factors is crucial for identifying molecular signatures that identify biomarkers to advance the management of IBD. Recent technological breakthroughs and data integration have fuelled the intensity of this research. This research demonstrates that the effect of diet depends on patient factors and gut microbial activity. It also identifies a range of potential biomarkers for IBD management, including mucosa-derived cytokines, gasdermins and neutrophil extracellular traps, all of which need further evaluation before clinical translation. This review provides an update on cutting-edge research in IBD that aims to improve disease management and patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Andersen
- Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research Unit, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Institute of Regional Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Tue B. Bennike
- Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research Unit, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Institute of Regional Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht’s University, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - John D. Rioux
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (J.D.R.); (I.H.-M.)
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Isabelle Hébert-Milette
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (J.D.R.); (I.H.-M.)
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
| | - Axel K. Hansen
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - Ole H. Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
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26
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Padoan A, Musso G, Contran N, Basso D. Inflammation, Autoinflammation and Autoimmunity in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5534-5557. [PMID: 37504266 PMCID: PMC10378236 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is reported. In IBD, an altered innate immunity is often found, with increased Th17 and decreased Treg cells infiltrating the intestinal mucosa. An associated increase in inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1 and TNF-α, and a decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, concur in favoring the persistent inflammation of the gut mucosa. Autoinflammation is highlighted with insights in the role of inflammasomes, which activation by exogenous or endogenous triggers might be favored by mutations of NOD and NLRP proteins. Autoimmunity mechanisms also take place in IBD pathogenesis and in this context of a persistent immune stimulation by bacterial antigens and antigens derived from intestinal cells degradation, the adaptive immune response takes place and results in antibodies and autoantibodies production, a frequent finding in these diseases. Inflammation, autoinflammation and autoimmunity concur in altering the mucus layer and enhancing intestinal permeability, which sustains the vicious cycle of further mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Padoan
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Musso
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicole Contran
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Wang Y, Liu H, Zhang Z, Bian D, Shao K, Wang S, Ding Y. G-MDSC-derived exosomes mediate the differentiation of M-MDSC into M2 macrophages promoting colitis-to-cancer transition. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006166. [PMID: 37364932 PMCID: PMC10410840 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS In inflammatory bowel disease microenvironment, transdifferentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and M2 macrophage accumulation are crucial for the transition of colitis-to-cancer. New insights into the cross-talk and the underling mechanism between MDSCs and M2 macrophage during colitis-to-cancer transition are opening new avenues for colitis-associated cancer (CAC) prevention and treatment. METHODS The role and underlying mechanism that granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs) or exosomes (Exo) regulates the differentiation of monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) into M2 macrophages were investigated using immunofluorescence, FACS, IB analysis, etc, and employing siRNA and antibodies. In vivo efficacy and mechanistic studies were conducted with dextran sulfate sodium-induced CAC mice, employed IL-6 Abs and STAT3 inhibitor. RESULTS G-MDSCs promote the differentiation of M-MDSC into M2 macrophages through exosomal miR-93-5 p which downregulating STAT3 activity in M-MDSC. IL-6 is responsible for miR-93-5 p enrichment in G-MDSC exosomes (GM-Exo). Mechanistically, chronic inflammation-driven IL-6 promote the synthesis of miR-93-5 p in G-MDSC via IL-6R/JAK/STAT3 pathway. Early use of IL-6 Abs enhances the effect of STAT3 inhibitor against CAC. CONCLUSIONS IL-6-driven secretion of G-MDSC exosomal miR-93-5 p promotes the differentiation of M-MDSC into M2 macrophages and involves a STAT3 signaling mechanism that promote colitis-to-cancer transition. Combining STAT3 inhibitors with strategies that inhibit IL-6-mediated G-MDSC exosomal miR-93-5 p production is beneficial for the prevention and treatment of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dermatology, and Endocrinology, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First people's Hospital of Yancheng, Yangcheng, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dermatology, and Endocrinology, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First people's Hospital of Yancheng, Yangcheng, China
| | - Dezhi Bian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dermatology, and Endocrinology, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First people's Hospital of Yancheng, Yangcheng, China
| | - Keke Shao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dermatology, and Endocrinology, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First people's Hospital of Yancheng, Yangcheng, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanxia Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dermatology, and Endocrinology, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First people's Hospital of Yancheng, Yangcheng, China
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Karakasheva TA, Zhou Y, Xie HM, Soto GE, Johnson TD, Stoltz MA, Roach DM, Nema N, Umeweni CN, Naughton K, Dolinsky L, Pippin JA, Wells AD, Grant SF, Ghanem L, Terry N, Muir AB, Hamilton KE. Patient-derived Colonoids From Disease-spared Tissue Retain Inflammatory Bowel Disease-specific Transcriptomic Signatures. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2023; 2:830-842. [PMID: 37736163 PMCID: PMC10512767 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A key histopathological feature of inflammatory bowel disease is damage to the mucosa, including breakdown of the epithelial barrier. Human enteroids and colonoids are a critical bench-to-bedside tool for studying the epithelium in inflammatory bowel disease. The goal of the current study was to define transcriptional differences in healthy versus diseased subjects that are sustained in enteroids and colonoids, including from disease-spared tissue. METHODS Biopsies and matching enteroid or colonoid cultures from pediatric patients with ileal Crohn disease (N = 6) and control subjects (N = 17) were subjected to RNA sequencing followed by bioinformatic and machine learning analyses. Late passage enteroids were exposed to cytokines to assess durable transcriptional differences. RESULTS We observed substantial overlap of pathways upregulated in Crohn disease in enteroids and ileal biopsies, as well as colonoids and rectal biopsies. KEGG pathways for cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling, protein export, and Toll-like receptor signaling were upregulated in both ileal and rectal biopsies, as well as enteroids and colonoids. In vitro cytokine exposure reactivated genes previously increased in biopsies. Machine learning predicted biopsy location (100% accuracy) and donor disease status (83% accuracy). A random forest classifier generated using ileal enteroids identified rectal colonoids from ileal Crohn disease subjects with 80% accuracy. CONCLUSION We confirmed transcriptional profiles of Crohn disease biopsies are expressed in enteroids and colonoids. Furthermore, transcriptomic data from disease-spared rectal tissue can identify patients with ileal Crohn disease. Our data support the use of patient enteroids and colonoids as critical translational tools for the study of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Karakasheva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yusen Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hongbo M. Xie
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gloria E. Soto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiana D. Johnson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Madison A. Stoltz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daana M. Roach
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Noor Nema
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chizoba N. Umeweni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kaitlyn Naughton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren Dolinsky
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James A. Pippin
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew D. Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Struan F.A. Grant
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Louis Ghanem
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Immunology, Translational Sciences and Medicine, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Natalie Terry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Immunology, Clinical Development, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda B. Muir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn E. Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Poto R, Loffredo S, Marone G, Di Salvatore A, de Paulis A, Schroeder JT, Varricchi G. Basophils beyond allergic and parasitic diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190034. [PMID: 37205111 PMCID: PMC10185837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils bind IgE via FcεRI-αβγ2, which they uniquely share only with mast cells. In doing so, they can rapidly release mediators that are hallmark of allergic disease. This fundamental similarity, along with some morphological features shared by the two cell types, has long brought into question the biological significance that basophils mediate beyond that of mast cells. Unlike mast cells, which mature and reside in tissues, basophils are released into circulation from the bone marrow (constituting 1% of leukocytes), only to infiltrate tissues under specific inflammatory conditions. Evidence is emerging that basophils mediate non-redundant roles in allergic disease and, unsuspectingly, are implicated in a variety of other pathologies [e.g., myocardial infarction, autoimmunity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fibrosis, cancer, etc.]. Recent findings strengthen the notion that these cells mediate protection from parasitic infections, whereas related studies implicate basophils promoting wound healing. Central to these functions is the substantial evidence that human and mouse basophils are increasingly implicated as important sources of IL-4 and IL-13. Nonetheless, much remains unclear regarding the role of basophils in pathology vs. homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the dichotomous (protective and/or harmful) roles of basophils in a wide spectrum of non-allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Salvatore
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - John T. Schroeder
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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Haglund S, Söderman J, Almer S. Differences in Whole-Blood Transcriptional Profiles in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Responding to Vedolizumab Compared with Non-Responders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065820. [PMID: 36982892 PMCID: PMC10052064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vedolizumab is efficacious in the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). However, a significant proportion of patients present with a non-response. To investigate whether differences in the clinical response to vedolizumab is reflected in changes in gene expression levels in whole blood, samples were collected at baseline before treatment, and at follow-up after 10-12 weeks. Whole genome transcriptional profiles were established by RNA sequencing. Before treatment, no differentially expressed genes were noted between responders (n = 9, UC 4, CD 5) and non-responders (n = 11, UC 3, CD 8). At follow-up, compared with baseline, responders displayed 201 differentially expressed genes, and 51 upregulated (e.g., translation initiation, mitochondrial translation, and peroxisomal membrane protein import) and 221 downregulated (e.g., Toll-like receptor activating cascades, and phagocytosis related) pathways. Twenty-two of the upregulated pathways in responders were instead downregulated in non-responders. The results correspond with a dampening of inflammatory activity in responders. Although considered a gut-specific drug, our study shows a considerable gene regulation in the blood of patients responding to vedolizumab. It also suggests that whole blood is not optimal for identifying predictive pre-treatment biomarkers based on individual genes. However, treatment outcomes may depend on several interacting genes, and our results indicate a possible potential of pathway analysis in predicting response to treatment, which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Haglund
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Laboratory Medicine, Region Jönköping County, 551 85 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Söderman
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Laboratory Medicine, Region Jönköping County, 551 85 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Sven Almer
- IBD-Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet-Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Li YY, He YX, Wu YQ, Liu C, Ren LZ, Lu XY, Wang YM, Yu Y. Compatibility between cold-natured medicine CP and hot-natured medicine AZ synergistically mitigates colitis mice through attenuating inflammation and restoring gut barrier. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115902. [PMID: 36395977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a nonspecific intestinal inflammation with complex pathogenesis. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula consists of several TCM herbs following the principle of herbal property and compatibility. Our previous studies found that Huanglian Ganjiang decoction (HGD) exhibited anti-colitis capacity and the compatibility between hot-natured medicine and cold-natured medicine was main compatibility. However, the association between compatibility mechanism of HGD and its anti-colitis effect has not been fully illustrated yet. AIM OF STUDY Here, we would explore whether cold-natured medicine Coptis chinensis Franch. plus Phellodendron chinense C.K.Schneid. (CP) and hot-natured medicine Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels plus Zingiber officinale Roscoe (AZ) in HGD respectively produce different impacts on UC, and exert synergistic effect on UC together. MATERIALS AND METHODS UPLC/MS-MS was used to qualitatively analyze chemical profiles of CP, AZ and CPAZ extracts. CPAZ-UC target network was constructed using network pharmacology. Colitis mice was induced by 3% DSS for 7 days and treated with CP, AZ and CPAZ for another 7 days. The levels of multiple cytokines and proportions of innate and adaptive immune cells were determined to assess inflammatory profiles. The leakage of FITC-dextran, expressions of tight junction proteins were detected for evaluation of gut barrier function. RESULTS CP, AZ and CPAZ could improve symptoms of colitis mice. CP showed superiority in reducing proportions of pro-inflammatory immune cells M1 cells, neutrophils, Th1 and Th17 cells, and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α. In the contrast, AZ had advantage of elevating ratios of anti-inflammatory immune cells M2 and Treg cells as well as the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β. In addition, CP and AZ synergistically regulated M1/M2 macrophage polarization and the following IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ production, thereby restoring intestinal mucosal barrier. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study first demonstrated that cold-natured medicine CP and hot-natured medicine AZ took on different functions in treatment of colitis mice. Meanwhile, they exhibited synergistic effect on the alleviation of intestinal inflammation and reinforcement of gut barrier function and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yue-Xian He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ye-Qun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Lechuga S, Braga-Neto MB, Naydenov NG, Rieder F, Ivanov AI. Understanding disruption of the gut barrier during inflammation: Should we abandon traditional epithelial cell lines and switch to intestinal organoids? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1108289. [PMID: 36875103 PMCID: PMC9983034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1108289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier is a hallmark of mucosal inflammation. It increases exposure of the immune system to luminal microbes, triggering a perpetuating inflammatory response. For several decades, the inflammatory stimuli-induced breakdown of the human gut barrier was studied in vitro by using colon cancer derived epithelial cell lines. While providing a wealth of important data, these cell lines do not completely mimic the morphology and function of normal human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) due to cancer-related chromosomal abnormalities and oncogenic mutations. The development of human intestinal organoids provided a physiologically-relevant experimental platform to study homeostatic regulation and disease-dependent dysfunctions of the intestinal epithelial barrier. There is need to align and integrate the emerging data obtained with intestinal organoids and classical studies that utilized colon cancer cell lines. This review discusses the utilization of human intestinal organoids to dissect the roles and mechanisms of gut barrier disruption during mucosal inflammation. We summarize available data generated with two major types of organoids derived from either intestinal crypts or induced pluripotent stem cells and compare them to the results of earlier studies with conventional cell lines. We identify research areas where the complementary use of colon cancer-derived cell lines and organoids advance our understanding of epithelial barrier dysfunctions in the inflamed gut and identify unique questions that could be addressed only by using the intestinal organoid platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Manuel B. Braga-Neto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nayden G. Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Lu MK, Jen CI, Chao CH, Hsu YC, Ng LT. SPS, a sulfated galactoglucan of Laetiporus sulphureus, exhibited anti-inflammatory activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:1236-1247. [PMID: 36442562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Laetiporus sulphureus is an edible and medicinal mushroom. A sulfated galactoglucan (SPS) was isolated by the papain method. Polysaccharides (PS) were isolated by hot water and ethanol precipitation. The medium molecular weight SPS of 100 to 1000 kDa accounted for over half of the SPS mixture. Fucose, galactose, glucose, and mannose were the major monosaccharides in SPS and PS. The amount of sulfate in SPS was 1.09 mmol/g. SPS showed inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release and reversed IκB degradation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. The suppression of TNF-α secretion by SPS was through inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). A purified SPS, named SPS-3, was proven to inhibit the LPS-induced phosphorylation of AKT, ERK, and p-38 in RAW264.7 cells. The suppression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) secretion by PS was through inhibiting LPS-induced phosphorylation of p-38 and TGF-β receptor II (TGFRII) signaling pathways. This study demonstrates that the isolated SPS and PS from L. sulphureus possessed good anti-inflammatory activity for dietary supplements and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-I Jen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsein Chao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Hsu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Lean-Teik Ng
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Huang K, Shi W, Yang B, Wang J. The probiotic and immunomodulation effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri RGW1 isolated from calf feces. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1086861. [PMID: 36710979 PMCID: PMC9879569 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1086861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Limosilactobacillus reuteri is a gut symbiont with multiple remarkable beneficial effects on host health, and members of L. reuteri are valuable probiotic agents. However, L. reuteri showed obvious host specificity. Methods In our study, a novel L. reuteri RGW1 was isolated from feces of healthy calves, and its potential as a probiotic candidate were assessed, by combining in vitro, in vivo experiments and genomic analysis. Results and discussion RGW1 was sensitive to all the antibiotics tested, and it did not contain any virulence factor-coding genes. This isolate showed good tolerance to acid (pH 3.0), 0.3% bile salt, and simulated gastric fluid. Moreover, this isolate showed a high hydrophobicity index (73.7 ± 4.6%) and was able to adhere to Caco-2 cells, and antagonize Escherichia coli F5. Treatment of LPS-induced mice with RGW1 elevated TGF-β and IL-10 levels, while RGW1 cell-free supernatant (RCS) decreased TNF-α levels in the sera. Both RGW1 and RCS increased the villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio of colon. Genomic analysis revealed the mechanism of the probiotic properties described above, and identified the capacity of RGW1 to biosynthesize L-lysine, folate, cobalamin and reuterin de novo. Our study demonstrated the novel bovine origin L. reuteri RGW1 had multiple probiotic characteristics and immunomodulation effects, and provided a deeper understanding of the relationship between these probiotic properties and genetic features.
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Chang Y, Wang K, Wen M, Wu B, Liu G, Zhao H, Chen X, Cai J, Jia G. Organic zinc glycine chelate is better than inorganic zinc in improving growth performance of cherry valley ducks by regulating intestinal morphology, barrier function, and the gut microbiome. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad279. [PMID: 37606553 PMCID: PMC10494877 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element that has physiological and nutritional functions. However, excessive use of Zn can lead to waste of resources. In this study, we compared the effects of inorganic (ZnSO4) and organic Zn glycine chelate (Zn-Gly) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune function, barrier integrity, and gut microbiome of Cherry Valley ducks. We randomly divided 180 one-day-old male meat ducks into three groups, each with six replicates of 10 birds: basal diet group (CON), basal diet with 70 mg Zn/kg from ZnSO4 (ZnSO4 group), and basal diet with 70 mg Zn/kg from Zn-Gly (Zn-Gly group). After 14 and 35 d of feeding, birds in the Zn groups had significantly increased body weight and average daily gain (ADG), decreased intestinal permeability indicator d-lactate, improved intestinal morphology and barrier function-related tight junction protein levels, and upregulated mucin 2 and secretory immunoglobulin A levels compared to the control (P < 0.05). Additionally, compared to the ZnSO4 group, we found that supplementation with Zn-Gly at 70 mg/kg Zn resulted in the significant increase of body weight at 35 d, 1 to 35 d ADG and average daily feed intake, villus height at 14 and 35 d, secretory immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G at 14 d, and mucin 2 mRNA level at 14 d (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, dietary Zn had a significant effect on the gene expression of metallothionein at 14 and 35 d (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing showed that Zn significantly increased alpha diversity (P < 0.05), whereas no differences in beta diversity were observed among groups (P > 0.05). Dietary Zn significantly altered the cecal microbiota composition by increasing the abundances of Firmicutes, Blautia, Lactobacillus, Prevotellaceae NK3B31, and [Ruminococcus] torques group and reducing that of Bacteroides (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the changes in microbiota were highly correlated (P < 0.05) with growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune function-related parameters. Taken together, our data show that, under the condition of adding 70 mg/kg Zn, supplementation with Zn-Gly promoted growth performance by regulating intestinal morphology, immune function, barrier integrity, and gut microbiota of Cherry Valley ducks compared with the use of ZnSO4 in feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Chang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Min Wen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Chelota Group, Guanghan 618300, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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36
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The intestinal barrier in disorders of the central nervous system. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 8:66-80. [PMID: 36334596 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier, which primarily consists of a mucus layer, an epithelial barrier, and a gut vascular barrier, has a crucial role in health and disease by facilitating nutrient absorption and preventing the entry of pathogens. The intestinal barrier is in close contact with gut microbiota on its luminal side and with enteric neurons and glial cells on its tissue side. Mounting evidence now suggests that the intestinal barrier is compromised not only in digestive disorders, but also in disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), such as Parkinson's disease, autism spectrum disorder, depression, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. After providing an overview of the structure and functions of the intestinal barrier, we review existing preclinical and clinical studies supporting the notion that intestinal barrier dysfunction is present in neurological, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric disorders. On the basis of this evidence, we discuss the mechanisms that possibly link gut barrier dysfunction and CNS disorders and the potential impact that evaluating enteric barriers in brain disorders could have on clinical practice, in terms of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, in the near future.
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37
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Abstract
Targeting cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a useful clinical approach. Potential therapies for IBD include regulatory T cell transfer to restore cytokine balance, blocking proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-12 and IL-23) or their receptors (sIL-6R and IL-36R), or inhibiting signaling kinases (e.g., JAK). An emerging trend in IBD therapy is to combine several anti-cytokine agents simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
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38
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Tilg H, Adolph TE, Trauner M. Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and clinical implications. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1700-1718. [PMID: 36208625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional crosstalk along the gut-liver axis controls gastrointestinal health and disease and exploits environmental and host mediators. Nutrients, microbial antigens, metabolites, and bile acids regulate metabolism and immune responses in the gut and liver, which reciprocally shape microbial community structure and function. Perturbation of such host-microbe interactions is observed in a variety of experimental liver diseases and is facilitated by an impaired intestinal barrier, which is fueling hepatic inflammation and disease progression. Clinical evidence describes perturbation of the gut-liver crosstalk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. In liver cirrhosis, a common sequela of these diseases, the intestinal microbiota and microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns constitute liver inflammation and clinical complications, such as hepatic encephalopathy. Understanding the intricate metabolic interplay between the gut and liver in health and disease opens an avenue for targeted therapies in the future, which is probed in controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
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39
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Flood P, Fanning A, Woznicki JA, Crowley T, Christopher A, Vaccaro A, Houston A, McSweeney S, Ross S, Hogan A, Brint E, Skowyra A, Bustamante M, Ambrose M, Moloney G, MacSharry J, Hammarström ML, Hurley M, Fitzgibbons C, Quigley EMM, Shanahan F, Zulquernain SA, McCarthy J, Dodson GS, Dabbagh K, McRae BL, Melgar S, Nally K. DNA sensor-associated type I interferon signaling is increased in ulcerative colitis and induces JAK-dependent inflammatory cell death in colonic organoids. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G439-G460. [PMID: 36165492 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00104.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
DNA sensor pathways can initiate inflammasome, cell death, and type I interferon (IFN) signaling in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), including type I interferonopathies. We investigated the involvement of these pathways in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) by analyzing the expression of DNA sensor, inflammasome, and type I IFN biomarker genes in colonic mucosal biopsy tissue from control (n = 31), inactive UC (n = 31), active UC (n = 33), and a UC single-cell RNA-Seq dataset. The effects of type I IFN (IFN-β), IFN-γ, and TNF-α on gene expression, cytokine production, and cell death were investigated in human colonic organoids. In organoids treated with cytokines alone, or in combination with NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase, or JAK inhibitors, cell death was measured, and supernatants were assayed for IL-1β/IL-18/CXCL10. The expression of DNA sensor pathway genes-PYHIN family members [absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), IFI16, myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA), and pyrin and HIN domain family member 1 (PYHIN1)- as well as Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), and DDX41 was increased in active UC and expressed in a cell type-restricted pattern. Inflammasome genes (CASP1, IL1B, and IL18), type I IFN inducers [stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1 (STING), TBK1, and IRF3), IFNB1, and type I IFN biomarker genes (OAS2, IFIT2, and MX2) were also increased in active UC. Cotreatment of organoids with IFN-β or IFN-γ in combination with TNFα increased expression of IFI16, ZBP1, CASP1, cGAS, and STING induced cell death and IL-1β/IL-18 secretion. This inflammatory cell death was blocked by the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib but not by inflammasome or caspase inhibitors. Increased type I IFN activity may drive elevated expression of DNA sensor genes and JAK-dependent but inflammasome-independent inflammatory cell death of colonic epithelial cells in UC.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study found that patients with active UC have significantly increased colonic gene expression of cytosolic DNA sensor, inflammasome, STING, and type I IFN signaling pathways. The type I IFN, IFN-β, in combination with TNF-α induced JAK-dependent but NLRP3 and inflammasome-independent inflammatory cell death of colonic organoids. This novel inflammatory cell death phenotype is relevant to UC immunopathology and may partially explain the efficacy of the JAKinibs tofacitinib and upadacitinib in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Flood
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aine Fanning
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Tadhg Crowley
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Aileen Houston
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Sarah Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aileen Hogan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Brint
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, Cork University Hospital, University College Cork, Clinical Sciences Building, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Monica Ambrose
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Moloney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John MacSharry
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marie-Louise Hammarström
- Section of Infection and Immunology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Margot Hurley
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Fergus Shanahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Syed A Zulquernain
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jane McCarthy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Bradford L McRae
- Immunology Discovery, Abbvie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken Nally
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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40
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Sishen Pill Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Colitis with Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndromes: Role of Gut Microbiota, Fecal Metabolites, Inflammatory Dendritic Cells, and TLR4/NF- κB Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6132289. [PMID: 36310616 PMCID: PMC9605852 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6132289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sishen pill (SSP) is an old Chinese medicine used to treat colitis with spleen-kidney-yang deficiency (SKYD) syndromes. However, its exact mechanism of action has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and potential mechanisms of SSP on colitis with SKYD syndromes in mice. Colitis with SKYD syndromes was induced by rhubarb, hydrocortisone, and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and treatment was provided with SSP. Flow cytometry was performed to examine the inflammatory dendritic cell (infDC) regulations of SSP. The changes in the gut microbiota (GM) and fecal metabolites post-SSP treatment were investigated using the combination of 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. Additionally, we also examined whether SSPs could regulate the infDCs by modifying TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. Compared with the DSS group, the disease activity index, colonic weight, index of colonic weight, and colonic injury scores, as well as the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p70 decreased significantly in the DSS + SSP group, while free triiodothyronine (FT3), free tetraiodothyronine (FT4), testosterone (TESTO), body weight change, colonic length, and the levels of IL-10 increased. Also, SSP decreased the amounts of CD103+CD11c+iNOS+, CD103+CD11c+TNF-α +, CD11c+CD103+CD324+, CD103+CD11c+MHC-II+, and CD103+CD11c+CD115+. Interestingly, 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics showed that SSP treatment restored the dysbiosis of GM and improved the dysfunction in fecal metabolism in colitis mice with SKYD syndromes. Correlation analysis indicated that the modulatory effects of SSP on FT3, FT4, IL-10, colonic weight index, CD103+CD11c+TNF-α +, CD103+CD11c+MHC-II+, and 13 common differential metabolites were related to alterations in the abundance of Parvibacter, Aerococcus, norank_f_Lachnospiraceae, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, Akkermansia, and Rhodococcus in the GM. In addition, SSP markedly inhibited the activation of the TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, TAB2, and NF-κBp65 proteins and activated IκB. These results indicate that SSP can effectively alleviate colitis mice with SKYD syndrome by regulating infDCs, GM, fecal metabolites, and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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41
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Song Y, Li X, Huang D, Song H. Macrophages in periapical lesions: Potential roles and future directions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949102. [PMID: 36131939 PMCID: PMC9483141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periapical lesions are infectious diseases that occur in the apical region of teeth. They result in the destruction of alveolar bone and are usually accompanied by swelling, pain, and possible systemic impacts. A complex interaction between pathogens and the host immune system determines the development, progression, and outcome of periapical lesions. The lesions, if not treated promptly, may cause resorption of bone tissue, destruction of the periodontal ligament, and loss of the affected teeth, all of which can severely worsen the quality of life of patients, often at considerable economic cost to both patients and medical organizations. Macrophages are a group of heterogeneous cells that have many roles in the development of infections, destruction and reconstruction of bone tissues, and microbe–host interactions. However, the differential and comprehensive polarization of macrophages complicates the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of periapical lesion progression. This report provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in our knowledge of the potential role of macrophages in determining the turnover of human periapical lesions. For example, macrophage differentiation might indicate whether the lesions are stable or progressing while the extent of bacteria invasion could regulate the differentiation and function of macrophages involved in the periapical lesion. In addition, alternative strategies for the treatment of apical periodontitis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Song
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjie Song, ; Dingming Huang,
| | - Hongjie Song
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjie Song, ; Dingming Huang,
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42
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Gubatan J, Boye TL, Temby M, Sojwal RS, Holman DR, Sinha SR, Rogalla SR, Nielsen OH. Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Role in Pathogenesis, Dietary Modulation, and Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1371. [PMID: 35889090 PMCID: PMC9316834 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has increasingly been recognized as a critical and central factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we review specific microorganisms that have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of IBD and the current state of fecal microbial transplants as a therapeutic strategy in IBD. We discuss specific nutritional and dietary interventions in IBD and their effects on gut microbiota composition. Finally, we examine the role and mechanisms of the gut microbiome in mediating colitis-associated colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gubatan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Theresa Louise Boye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.L.B.); or (O.H.N.)
| | - Michelle Temby
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Raoul S. Sojwal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Derek R. Holman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Sidhartha R. Sinha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Stephan R. Rogalla
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.L.B.); or (O.H.N.)
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