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Kim CG, Kwon D, Lee K, Kim SE, Jo HM. Prevalence of Reasons for Tooth Extraction in Small- and Medium-Breed Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2025; 15:224. [PMID: 39858224 PMCID: PMC11758340 DOI: 10.3390/ani15020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2024] [Revised: 01/10/2025] [Accepted: 01/11/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
As the life span of companion animals increases and their owners' concern for their quality of life increases, interest in dental diseases has also gained attention. While many studies have explored oral diseases in general, research on small-breed dogs remains limited. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed various diseases that led to tooth extraction in small- and medium-breed dogs. A study involving 2201 client-owned small- and medium-breed dogs was conducted. All dogs were categorized by sex, age, breed, and tooth position. Teeth were classified into untreated, missing, or extracted categories. For extracted teeth, 14 causes were identified. The results revealed that periodontal disease was the primary cause of tooth extractions, particularly in older dogs and small breeds. In addition to periodontal disease, various other diseases that led to tooth extraction were identified. For these other diseases, the number of extracted teeth increased with age, and brachycephalic breeds exhibited higher extraction rates. The study emphasizes the need for personalized oral care and further research into other contributing factors such as diet and genetics to better understand and manage oral health in dogs. It also offers valuable insights into the broader patterns of tooth extraction associated with various dental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Geun Kim
- Evichi Veterinary Dental Hospital, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea;
| | - Daehyun Kwon
- May Veterinary Dental Hospital, Seoul 06240, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuyoung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Se Eun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Biomaterial R&BD Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Jo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Biomaterial R&BD Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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2
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Baheti W, Dong D, Li C, Chen X. Identification of core genes related to exosomes and screening of potential targets in periodontitis using transcriptome profiling at the single-cell level. BMC Oral Health 2025; 25:28. [PMID: 39762852 PMCID: PMC11706113 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-05409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression and severity of periodontitis (PD) are associated with the release of extracellular vesicles by periodontal tissue cells. However, the precise mechanisms through which exosome-related genes (ERGs) influence PD remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role and potential mechanisms of key exosome-related genes in PD using transcriptome profiling at the single-cell level. METHODS The current study cited GSE16134, GSE10334, GSE171213 datasets and 19,643 ERGs. Initially, differential expression analysis, three machine learning (ML) models, gene expression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were proceeded to identify core genes. Subsequently, a core gene-based artificial neural network (ANN) model was built to evaluate the predictive power of core genes for PD. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immunoinfiltration analysis were conducted based on core genes. To pinpoint key cell types influencing the progression of periodontal at the single-cell level, a series of single-cell analyses covering pseudo-time series analysis were accomplished. The expression verification of core genes was performed through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS CKAP2, IGLL5, MZB1, CXCL6, and AADACL2 served as core genes diagnosing PD. Four core gene were elevated in the PD group in addition to down-regulated AADACL2. The core gene-based-ANN model had AUC values of 0.909 in GSE16134 dataset, which exceeded AUC of each core gene, highlighting the accurately and credibly predictive performance of ANN model. GSEA revealed that ribosome was co-enriched by 5 core genes, manifesting the expression of these genes might be critical for protein structure or function. Immunoinfiltration analysis found that CKAP2, IGLL5, MZB1, and CXCL6 exhibited positive correlations with most discrepant immune cells/discrepant stromal cells, which were highly infiltrated in PD. B cells and T cells holding crucial parts in PD were identified as key cell types. Pseudo-time series analysis revealed that the expression of IGLL5 and MZB1 increased during T cell differentiation, increased and then decreased during B cell differentiation. The qRT-PCR proved the mRNA expression levels of CKAP2 and MZB1 were increased in the blood of PD patients compared to controls. But the mRNA expression levels of AADACL2 was decreased in the PD patients compared to controls. This is consistent with the trend in the amount of expression in the dataset. CONCLUSION CKAP2, IGLL5, MZB1, CXCL6 and AADACL2 were identified as core genes associated with exosomes, helping us to understand the role of these genes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wufanbieke Baheti
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Urumqi City, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Diwen Dong
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Urumqi City, China
| | - Congcong Li
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Urumqi City, China
| | - Xiaotao Chen
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Urumqi City, China.
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3
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Jones TL, Cediel R, Wolff S, Thomas K, Hofmeister EH. Post-operative Pain Assessment Following Tooth Extraction Using Liposomal Encapsulated Bupivacaine as a Local Anesthetic in Dogs. J Vet Dent 2025; 42:75-79. [PMID: 36922766 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231161226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate owner assessment of appetite, demeanor, and mouth soreness following dental extractions in dogs receiving either bupivacaine hydrochloride (BH) or liposomal encapsulated bupivacaine (LEB) for dental blocks. Thirty healthy, adult dogs requiring dental extractions were enrolled in the study. All procedures were completed with dogs under general anesthesia. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug was administered subcutaneously in the preoperative period. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive BH or LEB. An owner assessment to evaluate appetite, demeanor, and soreness of mouth was completed at the end of both the first and second day after discharge from the hospital. The total of the owner assessments for day 1 and both days combined was significantly lower for dogs receiving LEB (P = .007). There were no differences in the number of extractions (P = .21), time from block to evaluations (P = .07), in-hospital pain assessments (P = .99), or number of dogs requiring rescue analgesia (P = .99). This study concluded, dogs that received LEB for dental blocks had improved appetite and demeanor, and reduced soreness of mouth, as evaluated by the owner two days postoperatively, when compared to dogs who received BH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teela L Jones
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Roberto Cediel
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Stephanie Wolff
- Department of Primary Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Kara Thomas
- Department of Primary Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Erik H Hofmeister
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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4
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Huang Y, Tang Y, Zhang R, Wu X, Yan L, Chen X, Wu Q, Chen Y, Lv Y, Su Y. Role of periodontal ligament fibroblasts in periodontitis: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential. J Transl Med 2024; 22:1136. [PMID: 39709490 PMCID: PMC11663348 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) play a crucial role in the etiology of periodontitis and periodontal tissue regeneration. In healthy periodontal tissues, PDLFs maintain the homeostasis of periodontal soft and hard tissues as well as the local immune microenvironment. PDLFs also have the potential for multidirectional transdifferentiation and are involved in periodontal tissue regeneration. On the other hand, PDLFs can become dysfunctional and acquire an inflammatory phenotype to secret various inflammatory cytokines when affected by pathological factors. These cytokines further trigger immune and inflammatory events, and lead to destruction of periodontal soft and hard tissues as well as damage to the regenerative potential of PDLFs. This review summarizes the physiological functions of PDLFs. Meanwhile, this review also highlights recent insights into the pathological mechanisms driving the development of periodontitis through dysfunctional PDLFs and the negative impact on periodontal tissue regeneration. Additionally, this paper summarizes strategies for targeting PDLFs to treat periodontitis, involving blocking multiple stages of the inflammatory response induced by PDLFs and promoting the multidirectional transdifferentiation of PDLFs. Future research directions are proposed to address important questions that have not yet been answered in this field. This article provides a reference for understanding the important role of PDLFs in the pathological mechanisms of periodontitis and for developing new strategies for targeting PDLFs in periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Huang
- Stomatology Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Huangpu District Dental Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- Stomatology Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Stomatology Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Li Yan
- Stomatology Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Xiling Chen
- Stomatology Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Qianqi Wu
- Stomatology Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Yiyan Chen
- Stomatology Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Yingtao Lv
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Stomatology Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China.
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Skipper AM, Packer RMA, O’Neill DG. "Maybe we should think outside the box?" prioritisation of issues with UK not-for-profit canine health and welfare research funding using Delphi expert consensus and gap analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0313735. [PMID: 39630686 PMCID: PMC11616890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/31/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Over fifty participants, who together possessed broad research, veterinary and front-line expertise from across the canine health and welfare sector, contributed to a modified Delphi study to identify the highest priority research topics in UK canine health and welfare, the highest priorities for future research approaches, and the highest priorities for future reform in research processes and infrastructure, through group consensus. Further analysis also compared the prioritisation of selected research topics to the actual levels of research funding they previously received, through comparison with historical data. Most of the identified highest priority issues relating to canine health and welfare and its research concerned various aspects of the human-canine relationship, such as ownership or behavioural issues. Participants strongly emphasised the complexity of interrelated factors that impact the welfare of both dogs and people. Research topics identified as previously 'most underfunded' all concerned real-world canine welfare issues, particularly emphasising the breeding and supply of dogs. A supplementary analysis of historical research funding (2012-2022) for common chronic disorders in primary care practice, another identified highest priority topic, identified periodontal disease, anal sac disorders, overgrown nails and patellar luxation as the 'most underfunded' conditions. Most of the identified highest priority research approaches and methodologies concerned real-world design and execution aspects of canine health and welfare research, such as impact and engagement, with a strong focus on research investigating the human factors in canine welfare. Aspects of research funding infrastructure that were considered highest priority for future change mostly concerned increased transparency of funding processes and increased collaboration between stakeholder groups throughout the funding sector, which was strongly supported. Overall, these findings emphasise the importance of considering and including human factors and real-world impact, where appropriate, as key elements for optimising the relevance of canine health and welfare research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M. Skipper
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Rowena M. A. Packer
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Dan G. O’Neill
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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6
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Gawor J, Jank M, Harvey CE, Nicolas CS. Effectiveness of Dental Homecare Protocols in Unscaled Dogs. J Vet Dent 2024:8987564241292769. [PMID: 39587858 DOI: 10.1177/08987564241292769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2024]
Abstract
Many dental homecare products are marketed, several of which have been evaluated using a "clean tooth" protocol (the teeth are scaled at the start of the trial). The efficacy of dental products in dogs that have not had their teeth professionally cleaned ("dirty tooth model") has been studied far less often. Some dogs for which professional dental cleaning is indicated will not have their teeth cleaned because of anesthetic risk or for other reasons. In this study, 6 dental homecare products were evaluated against a negative control group; none of the dogs received professional dental cleaning at the start of the study. The home care protocols tested were: brushing every other day using a toothpaste, feeding a dental chew once daily (VF), adding a water additive in the water daily (AQ), brushing once a week + VF daily, brushing once a week + AQ daily, VF + AQ daily. Dental deposits (plaque and calculus) and periodontal health were assessed on awake dogs, before and after receiving the assigned homecare regimen for 8 weeks. Results were compared with an untreated control group. Dental deposits were reduced by regular mechanical action (brushing or VF daily). Periodontal health status was improved when AQ daily was combined with either brushing once a week or VF daily. Two scoring techniques useful for determining a recommendation from a veterinarian to commence home oral hygiene or recommend dental scaling as a necessary first step are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał Jank
- Department of Pre-clinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Colin E Harvey
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Colin Harvey LLC Consulting Service, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA
| | - Celine S Nicolas
- Global Marketing and Market Development Department, Virbac Group, Carros, France
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7
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Silva C, Abrantes AC, Fontes AC, Dias I, Domingues R, Peixoto F, Viegas C. Evaluation of Haematological Ratios at: Different Stages of Canine Periodontal Disease. Vet Sci 2024; 11:581. [PMID: 39591355 PMCID: PMC11599070 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Revised: 11/10/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This is a retrospective study about haematological ratios in different stages of canine periodontal disease in one single breed, more specifically the Portuguese Podengo. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical significance of five haematological ratios, namely neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume-to-platelet count ratio (MPV/PLT), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR), easily obtained through the parameters provided by the complete blood count, in the stages of gingivitis and periodontitis, compared to clinical healthy individuals. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to identify ideal sensitivity and specificity cut-offs for cases of gingivitis or periodontitis. Our study included 80 dogs, which comprised 24 healthy dogs, 26 diagnosed with gingivitis, and 30 with periodontitis. The median NLR was significantly lower in periodontitis than in clinical healthy dogs (p = 0.040) and in dogs with gingivitis (p = 0.037). The median PLR was significantly lower in cases of gingivitis (p = 0.020) and periodontitis (p = 0.024) than in healthy dogs. MPV/PLT and MLR did not demonstrate significant differences between any of the three groups. The median PNR was significantly lower in gingivitis than in control dogs (p = 0.019). PNR had the highest accurate results, in distinguishing between healthy individuals and those with gingivitis, with an area under the curve of 0.692 (95% CI [0.539-0.845], p = 0.020). However, even this index had weak discriminatory power between the groups in the analysis. The impact of systemic inflammation generated by canine periodontal disease can thus be seen through some of these indices. However, the results obtained here demonstrate the need for complementarity with other methods to diagnose canine periodontal disease and reinforce the need for additional studies with more markers of systemic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Silva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (A.C.A.); (A.C.F.); (I.D.)
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV)—AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Carolina Abrantes
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (A.C.A.); (A.C.F.); (I.D.)
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV)—AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Carolina Fontes
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (A.C.A.); (A.C.F.); (I.D.)
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV)—AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Dias
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (A.C.A.); (A.C.F.); (I.D.)
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV)—AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences—Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- CESAM, Departament of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francisco Peixoto
- Chemistry Center of Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- RISE-Health: Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (A.C.A.); (A.C.F.); (I.D.)
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV)—AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CIVG—Vasco da Gama Research Center, University School Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Campus Universitário, Avenida José Rodrigues Sousa Fernandes, Lordemão, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
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8
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Ogawa M, Yamaki S, Yamashita M, Kanegaya S, Amimoto H, Hachimura H, Osaki T, Okamoto Y, Amimoto A. Detection of Oronasal Fistula Using a Fluorescent Water Passing Test. J Vet Dent 2024:8987564241292661. [PMID: 39544077 DOI: 10.1177/08987564241292661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
The confirmation of a connection between the oral and nasal cavities provides a definitive diagnosis for an oronasal fistula (ONF). However, visual detection is difficult in patients with small fistulas. This study examined whether fluorescein sodium could be used to detect small ONFs. The study included 25 dogs that underwent dental examination and had confirmed periodontal pockets at the Amica Pet Clinic, Japan, between 2020 and 2022. Saline containing fluorescein sodium was injected into the periodontal pocket, termed a fluorescent "water-passing test," followed by detection of fluid discharge from the external naris using an examination light. Of the 25 dogs, 13 showed symptoms consistent with an ONF and of these, 12 were positive and one was negative on the fluorescent water-passing test. Of the 12 asymptomatic dogs, 3 tested positive and 9 tested negative on the fluorescent water-passing test. The fluorescent water-passing test enhanced visibility and facilitated the detection of small volumes of the discharged fluid. The results of this study confirmed the fluorescent water-passing test was useful for the detection of small ONFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Ogawa
- Amica Pet Clinic, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Tottori University, Tottori, Tottori, Japan
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9
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Pinho LC, Queirós JA, Santos C, Colaço B, Fernandes MH. Biomimetic In Vitro Model of Canine Periodontal Ligament. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12234. [PMID: 39596299 PMCID: PMC11594677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252212234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Revised: 11/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease affects about 80% of dogs, highlighting the importance of addressing periodontitis in veterinary dental care. The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a key structure holding the potential to regenerate the entire periodontal complex. This work presents an in vitro model of canine PDL-derived cell cultures that mimic the PDL's regenerative capacity for both mineralised and soft tissues. Explant outgrowth-derived PDL cells were cultured under standard conditions in osteoinductive medium and with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Hap NPs). Cell behaviour was assessed for viability/proliferation, morphology, growth patterns, and the expression of osteogenic and periodontal markers. Osteogenic conditions, either achieved with osteoinducers or an osteoconductive biomaterial, strongly promoted PDL-derived cells' commitment towards the osteogenic phenotype and significantly increased the expression of periodontal markers. These findings suggest that cultured PDL cells replicate the biological function of the PDL, supporting the regeneration of both soft and hard periodontal tissues under normal and demanding healing conditions. This in vitro model will offer a platform for testing new regenerative treatments and materials, ultimately contributing to canine dental care and better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Pinho
- BoneLab—Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, U.Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal;
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Dental Medicine, U.Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- CITAB—Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- CQE, IMS, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, EST Setúbal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal
| | - José André Queirós
- Hospital Veterinário Universitário de Paredes, 4580-593 Paredes, Portugal;
| | - Catarina Santos
- CQE, IMS, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, EST Setúbal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- CITAB—Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- CECAV–Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- BoneLab—Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, U.Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal;
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Dental Medicine, U.Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
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10
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Yang F, Wang M, Wu C, Han Y, Jiang Y, Tan L, Shu R. Polycaprolactone/gelatin/ZIF-8 nanofiber membrane for advanced guided tissue regeneration in periodontal therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135338. [PMID: 39242005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The periodontal tissue regeneration strategy based on guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes is an effective therapy for periodontal defects. Traditional GTR membranes, however, primarily serve as physical barriers and lack antimicrobial and osteogenic functions. Herein, we developed a multifunctional nanofiber membrane with zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles (ZIF-8 NPs) loaded in a hydrophilic gelatin layer. The release of Zn2+ from the ZIF-8 NPs effectively promoted bone tissue repair and simultaneously enabled GTR membranes with >99 % antibacterial efficacies against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, the incorporation of gelatin enhances cellular adhesion and growth. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed significant bone regeneration, with increased trabecular number and reduced separation. Owing to its multiple functions, excellent biocompatibility and desirable mechanical properties, this membrane has considerable potential in the field of periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers for Medical Care in Textile Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers for Medical Care in Textile Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chenyi Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanting Han
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanzhang Jiang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers for Medical Care in Textile Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, China.
| | - Lin Tan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers for Medical Care in Textile Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rui Shu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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11
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Hatunen SL, Anderson JG, Bell CM, Campos HC, Finkelman MD, Shope BH. A retrospective case series on bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw in 20 cats. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1436988. [PMID: 39247125 PMCID: PMC11377274 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1436988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This retrospective study highlights the salient aspects of a series of feline patients affected with bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Though more commonly published in human literature, this presentation is rare in cats. The authors hope that this study will assist in making this a more globally known entity with subsequent improved prognosis. Methods Data was retrospectively obtained from the medical records between 2015 and 2021 of 20 cats with Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. Data included patient information, clinical history, presenting complaint, systemic diseases, details referable to hypercalcemia and treatment thereof, bisphosphonate specifics (dose and duration), clinical presentation of the lesion, diagnostic testing including radiographic and histopathologic descriptions, treatment, and outcome. Results Pertinent results include that all 20 cats who developed Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw had been treated for idiopathic hypercalcemia with the bisphosphonate medication alendronate. Eighty-five percent of the cases had prior dental extractions at the site of MRONJ lesion. Ninety-five percent of the affected cats required a surgical procedure to control the disease. Thirty-five percent of cases required at least one revision surgery after the initial procedure was performed. Diagnosis of MRONJ was made by a correlation of diagnostic findings and patient history. No single diagnostic, or combination was pathognomonic for lesion diagnosis. As well, there were no statistically significant associations between patient variables assessed and the overall patient outcome. Discussion The case series reveals that cats with feline idiopathic hypercalcemia treated with alendronate may be at a risk for development of MRONJ, a serious oral condition with significant morbidity. Prior dental extraction sites in patients concurrently treated with bisphosphonate medications were often associated with MRONJ lesions. Therefore, any needed dental surgery should be performed prior to the use of bisphosphonates where possible. The authors have also included a relevant comparative literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie G Anderson
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Cynthia M Bell
- Specialty Oral Pathology for Animals, Geneseo, IL, United States
| | - Hugo C Campos
- School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Bonnie H Shope
- Veterinary Dental Services LLC., Boxborough, MA, United States
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12
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Williams JL, Roberts C, Harley R, Gruffydd-Jones TJ, Murray JK. Prevalence and risk factors for gingivitis in a cohort of UK companion cats aged up to 6 years. J Small Anim Pract 2024; 65:605-614. [PMID: 38736278 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prospectively collected data were used to estimate the prevalence of gingivitis in a cohort of companion cats aged up to 6 years and to investigate factors associated with the risk of gingivitis in cats aged 3 to 4 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were obtained from a longitudinal study of domestic cats (the Bristol Cats Study), using owner-completed questionnaires and veterinary surgeon-completed oral health scores. Prevalence estimates of veterinary-reported gingivitis for cats aged up to 6 years old (n = 1534) were calculated for different age groups. Cat signalment, diet and dental care were assessed for association with gingivitis in cats aged 3 to 4 years (n = 317) using univariable and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of gingivitis increased with age and ranged from 24.5% (<12 months old) to 56.3% (5 to 6 years old). Odds of gingivitis in cats aged 3 to 4 years were higher in cats fed a wet only or mixed wet/dry diet compared to dry only (odds ratio: 2.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.4 to 5.1), cats not reported to hunt compared to reported hunters (odds ratio: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.0 to 4.2), cats reported to dribble whilst being stroked at age 6 months compared to reported non-dribblers (odds ratio: 3.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.3 to 8.4) and cats with orange variants in their coat colour compared to non-orange cats (odds ratio: 2.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.0 to 5.3). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE These results will help veterinary surgeons identify cats that may be at a greater risk of gingivitis and provide an evidence base to inform dietary and oral healthcare recommendations aimed at promoting gingival health in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Williams
- Bristol Vet School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C Roberts
- Bristol Vet School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Harley
- Bristol Vet School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - J K Murray
- Bristol Vet School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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13
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Šakarnytė L, Mockeliūnas R, Šiugždinienė R, Merkevičienė L, Virgailis M, Dailidavičienė J, Štreimikytė-Mockeliūnė Ž, Ruzauskas M. Microbial Composition of Extracted Dental Alveoli in Dogs with Advanced Periodontitis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1455. [PMID: 39065223 PMCID: PMC11278955 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue and destroys the bone supporting the teeth. The aim of the study was to investigate the microbiota using traditional microbiology plating and metagenomic sequencing of extracted tooth alveoli in dogs with severe periodontitis. Isolation of culturable microorganisms was performed as part of bacteriological testing to provide bacteriological diagnosis to veterinary surgeons. Metagenomic sequencing was performed using shotgun sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq system platform. The most prevalent species at sites of periodontal infection detected by metagenomic sequencing were Porphyromonas gulae, Prevotella spp., Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas crevioricanis, Porphyromonas cangingivalis, and Bacteroides heparinolyticus. Pasteurella, Streptococcus, and Neisseria were the most frequently isolated culturable bacteria from infected sites detected by traditional microbiologic methods. Metagenomic data revealed that these three genera accounted for only 1.6% of all microbiota at the sites of infection. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolated bacteria included resistance to ampicillin, doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, colistin, cefotaxime, and chloramphenicol. Antimicrobial-resistant genes detected using shotgun sequencing also showed resistance to aminoglycosides and macrolides. Dogs with periodontal infections carry bacteria that can cause bite infections in humans as well as multi-resistant isolates. Therefore, treatment and prophylaxis or periodontal disease of dogs is important from a One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Šakarnytė
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.Š.); (R.M.); (R.Š.); (L.M.); (M.V.); (Ž.Š.-M.)
| | - Raimundas Mockeliūnas
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.Š.); (R.M.); (R.Š.); (L.M.); (M.V.); (Ž.Š.-M.)
| | - Rita Šiugždinienė
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.Š.); (R.M.); (R.Š.); (L.M.); (M.V.); (Ž.Š.-M.)
| | - Lina Merkevičienė
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.Š.); (R.M.); (R.Š.); (L.M.); (M.V.); (Ž.Š.-M.)
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Marius Virgailis
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.Š.); (R.M.); (R.Š.); (L.M.); (M.V.); (Ž.Š.-M.)
| | - Jurgita Dailidavičienė
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Žaneta Štreimikytė-Mockeliūnė
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.Š.); (R.M.); (R.Š.); (L.M.); (M.V.); (Ž.Š.-M.)
| | - Modestas Ruzauskas
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.Š.); (R.M.); (R.Š.); (L.M.); (M.V.); (Ž.Š.-M.)
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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14
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Sawatphakdee G, Yostawonkul J, Oontawee S, Rodprasert W, Sawangmake C, Kornsuthisopon C, Yata T, Tabtieang SP, Nowwarote N, Pirarat N. Feasibility of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Loaded with Alpha-Mangostin and Clove Oil for Canine Periodontal Therapy. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2084. [PMID: 39061546 PMCID: PMC11273492 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) represent the second generation of nanoparticles, offering numerous advantages over conventional delivery systems. These include improved stability, enhanced drug-loading capacity, and controlled release profiles, making them highly attractive candidates for a wide range of therapeutic applications. Their suitability for hydrophobic drugs like a traditional medicinal plant of Thailand as clove oil and alpha-mangostin. We investigated into nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with Alpha-Mangostin and clove oil (NLC-AMCO) into the physicochemical and biological characteristics to identify the formulation with the highest efficacy for treatment. The particle size, charge, polydispersity index, and other characterizations were recorded. The realtime ex vivo penetration was explored using canine gingival tissue. Drug sustained release was assessed by HPLC. Moreover, the antibacterial properties were tested by conventional methods. The NLC-AMCO can be stored at up to 40 °C for 60 days without any alterations in particle characteristics. Gingival tissue penetration and sustained drug release were superior compared to unencapsulated counterparts. It exhibited greater effectiveness in inhibiting bacterial growth than the antibiotics tested, particularly against bacteria from the oral cavities of dogs. Therefore, this alternative treatment approach offers cost-effectiveness and ease of administration for pet owners and reduces discomfort for the animals during restraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gotchagorn Sawatphakdee
- Center of Excellence in Wildlife, Exotic, and Aquatic Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Jakarwan Yostawonkul
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Saranyou Oontawee
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.O.); (W.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Watchareewan Rodprasert
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.O.); (W.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Chenphop Sawangmake
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.O.); (W.R.); (C.S.)
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry (CERD), Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chatvadee Kornsuthisopon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Teerapong Yata
- The Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand;
| | - Sirinun Pisamai Tabtieang
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nunthawan Nowwarote
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cite, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Nopadon Pirarat
- Center of Excellence in Wildlife, Exotic, and Aquatic Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
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15
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Wang L, Liu X, Tang Y, Cai S, Zheng Z, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Tang H, Chen X, Wu H. Effect of dental chew on reducing dental plaque, dental calculus and halitosis in beagle dogs. Res Vet Sci 2024; 174:105304. [PMID: 38759349 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Periodontosis is the most common clinical disease in adult dogs, which is mainly caused by plaque accumulation and seriously endangers the oral health of dogs and even cause kidney, myocardial, and liver problems in severe cases. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of dental chew (Cature Brushing Treats product) with mechanical and chemical properties in beagles. The dogs in the experimental group were fed with a dental chew twice a day after meals; The control group had no treatment. Dental plaque was evaluated on the 14th day and 29th day, respectively. The concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) in the breath and dental calculus were also evaluated on the 29th day. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the indexes of dental plaque on the 14th day. While they had significantly reduced accumulation of plaque (37.63%), calculus (37.61%), and VSC concentration (81.08%) compared to when receiving no chew on the 29th day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiang Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yanhua Tang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China; Ecological Organic Animal Husbandry Technical Service Center of Henan Mongolian Autonomous County, 811599, Qinghai, PR China
| | - Sisi Cai
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhijie Zheng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Fiber Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Fiber Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Haili Tang
- Fiber Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Fiber Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Haichong Wu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China.
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16
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Moosavian H, Gholikhani M, Tamai IA, Fazli M. Moderate to advanced periodontitis contributes to increased oxidative stress in cats: a case-control study. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:248. [PMID: 38849865 PMCID: PMC11157746 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal diseases are the most frequently diagnosed problem in cats. It has been well-established that periodontal diseases could not only cause various oral health issues but could also contribute to systemic diseases. Oxidative stress is a possible link between systemic diseases and periodontitis. Our study aimed to illustrate the influence of periodontitis on oxidative stress development in cats. Furthermore, the changes in the bacterial flora of the gums were investigated. METHODS Based on the clinical and laboratory examinations, fifty cats were divided into two groups normal (n = 25) and moderate to advanced periodontitis (n = 25). Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were measured. In addition, samples were taken from the subgingival plaques of all cats for bacterial culture. RESULTS Serum TOS, GSSG, GSSG to GSH ratio, and oxidative stress index (OSI), calculated as the ratio of TOS to TAC in cats with periodontal disease were significantly higher, and TAC was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared with controls. The results of bacterial culture indicated that the number of isolated bacterial colonies is higher in patients than in the control group. Additionally, the analysis of these data showed a positive association between periodontal index and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that periodontitis in cats is related to a main oxidative stress. Furthermore, oxidant factors such as TOS and OSI, compared to antioxidant factors, may better indicate the presence of oxidative stress conditions in patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Moosavian
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marzie Gholikhani
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Ashrafi Tamai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Fazli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Huang Y, Li M, Liu Q, Song L, Wang Q, Ding P, Tian W, Guo S. Small extracellular vesicles derived from lipopolysaccharide-preconditioned dental follicle cells inhibit cell apoptosis and alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 162:105964. [PMID: 38582010 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effects of small extracellular vesicles derived from lipopolysaccharide-preconditioned dental follicle cells (L-D-sEV) on periodontal ligament cells from periodontitis affected teeth (p-PDLCs) in vitro and experimental periodontitis in mice. DESIGN In vitro, the biological function of p-PDLCs and the underlying molecular mechanism were investigated by flow cytometry, Western blot, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Eighteen-eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control (Con), periodontitis (Peri), and L-D-sEV groups. Mice periodontitis model was induced by placing the 5-0 silk thread (around the maxillary second molar) and P.gingivalis (1 ×107 CFUs per mouse). In vivo, the alveolar bone loss, osteoclast activity, and macrophage polarization were measured by micro-computed tomography and histological analysis. RESULTS In vitro, the RANKL/OPG ratio and phosphorylation of JNK and P38 protein levels of p-PDLCs were significantly decreased after L-D-sEV administration. Besides, flow cytometry and qRT-PCR analysis showed that L-D-sEV reduced apoptosis of p-PDLCs, down-regulated apoptosis-related genes Caspase-3 and BCL-2-Associated X expression, and up-regulated B-cell lymphoma-2 gene levels. In vivo, L-D-sEV administration significantly reduced alveolar bone loss, inhibited osteoclast activity, and induced M2 polarization. The histological analysis showed that iNOS/CD206, RANKL/OPG, p-JNK/JNK, and p-P38/P38 ratios were significantly lower in the L-D-sEV group than in the Peri group. CONCLUSIONS L-D-sEV administration alleviated alveolar bone loss by mediating RANKL/OPG-related osteoclast activity and M2 macrophage polarization, alleviating p-PDLCs apoptosis and proliferation via the JNK and P38 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Huang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mujia Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Song
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianting Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihui Ding
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Periodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Periodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Li S, Wen C, Bai X, Yang D. Association between biological aging and periodontitis using NHANES 2009-2014 and mendelian randomization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10089. [PMID: 38698209 PMCID: PMC11065868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a recognized risk factor for periodontitis, while biological aging could provide more accurate insights into an individual's functional status. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between biological aging and periodontitis. Epidemiological data from 9803 participants in the 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed at a cross-sectional level to assess this link. Three biological ages [Klemera-Doubal method (KDM), PhenoAge, and homeostatic dysregulation (HD)] and two measures of accelerated biological aging (BioAgeAccel and PhenoAgeAccel) were set as primary exposure and were calculated. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline regression were employed to examine the relationship between biological aging and periodontitis. Additionally, Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to explore the causal connection between accelerated biological aging and periodontitis. After adjusting for age, gender, race, educational level, marital status, ratio of family income, and disease conditions, this study, found a significant association between subjects with older higher biological ages, accelerated biological aging, and periodontitis. Specifically, for a per year increase in the three biological ages (HD, KDM, and PhenoAge), the risk of periodontitis increases by 15%, 3%, and 4% respectively. Individuals who had positive BioAgeAccel or PhenoAgeAccel were 20% or 37% more likely to develop periodontitis compared with those who had negative BioAgeAccel or PhenoAgeAccel. Furthermore, a significant non-linear positive relationship was observed between the three biological ages, accelerated biological aging, and periodontitis. However, the Mendelian randomization analysis indicated no causal effect of accelerated biological aging on periodontitis. Our findings suggest that biological aging may contribute to the risk of periodontitis, highlighting the potential utility of preventive strategies targeting aging-related pathways in reducing periodontitis risk among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Mehrani Y, Kazemi Mehrjerdi H, Tavakoli A, Shafieian R, Salari A. Effects of Probiotic Lactobacilli plantarum in Treatment of Experimentally Induced Periodontal Disease in Rabbits. J Vet Dent 2024; 41:210-216. [PMID: 36927186 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231163193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum in experimentally induced periodontal disease in rabbits. The incisor teeth of 24 rabbits were scaled under general anesthesia. Two weeks later, silk ligatures were placed at the gingival margin of the incisor teeth to induce periodontal disease. After confirming the presence of periodontal disease by periodontal probing four weeks later, incisor mucogingival flaps were created and gingival pocket lavage and debridement was performed. The rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1: Control; Group 2: Microencapsulated form of the probiotic; Group 3: Planktonic form of the probiotic; and Group 4: Biofilm form of the probiotic. The rabbits were euthanized eight weeks later, and gingival connective tissue and epithelium were resected for histopathological and histomorphometric evaluation. The results showed that the rate of epithelial regeneration was lower and bone regeneration was significantly higher in the treatment groups compared to the Control group. The highest level of bone regeneration was in Group 2 (Microencapsulated probiotic). There was no significant difference in bone regeneration observed between the biofilm and planktonic probiotic groups. This study showed that applying the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum in microencapsulated form improved bone regeneration in experimentally induced periodontal disease in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossien Kazemi Mehrjerdi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azin Tavakoli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Shafieian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Salari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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20
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Yasuda J, Yasuda H, Nomura R, Matayoshi S, Inaba H, Gongora E, Iwashita N, Shirahata S, Kaji N, Akitomo T, Mitsuhata C, Uchiyama J, Fukuyama T, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Nakano K, Murakami M. Investigation of periodontal disease development and Porphyromonas gulae FimA genotype distribution in small dogs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5360. [PMID: 38438471 PMCID: PMC10912432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In dogs, Porphyromonas gulae is a major periodontal pathogen with 41-kDa proteins polymerizing to form a filamentous structure called fimbriae or pili, termed FimA. FimA is classified into three genotypes: A, B, and C, and there are combinations of types A, B, C, A/B, A/C, B/C, and A/B/C. Periodontal disease is the most common oral disease in small dogs, but the periodontal disease status and P. gulae colonization at each dog age and breed remain unclear. In this study, we stratified 665 small dogs and analyzed the periodontal status and distribution of P. gulae with each FimA genotype. Dogs with periodontal disease and FimA genotype tended to increase with age. The dogs with at least one FimA genotype had significantly more severe periodontal disease compared with P. gulae-negative dogs (P < 0.01). Additionally, periodontal status was significantly associated with specific FimA genotype distribution in Toy Poodles and Chihuahuas (P < 0.05), whereas there was no such association in Dachshunds. These results suggest that the onset of periodontal disease and P. gulae colonization are related and progress with age. The relationship between periodontal disease and FimA genotype may differ depending on the dog breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Yasuda
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Yasuda Veterinary Clinic, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Saaya Matayoshi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Inaba
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Iwashita
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Bioalch, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - So Shirahata
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Primo Animal Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kaji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Akitomo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Chieko Mitsuhata
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Jumpei Uchiyama
- Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoki Fukuyama
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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21
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Zuckerman I, Force J, Hanlon AL, Lozano AJ, Ji W, Anderson JG. Periodontal Pocket Therapy Using a Class IV Dental Diode Laser in Dogs: A Retrospective Analysis. J Vet Dent 2024; 41:155-162. [PMID: 36945868 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231164493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Class IV dental diode lasers have been introduced as a nonsurgical therapy for periodontal pockets in veterinary and human dentistry. This retrospective case series evaluates the use of Class IV dental diode laser therapy for abnormal periodontal pockets in a specialty veterinary dental practice. A hypothesis that the Class IV diode dental laser is a useful adjuvant modality in canine periodontal pocket therapy in the reduction of clinical pocket depth was made. This article discusses and demonstrates diode laser use in periodontal pocket therapy in a specialty veterinary dental practice and reviews the current literature. Inclusion in this study was limited to client-owned dogs with noted periodontal pocketing on any tooth type between 3 and 6 mm, which were treated with closed root planing (RP/C) and laser therapy who returned in 6 to 7 months for recheck of the pockets from the years 2017 to 2020. Twelve patients met the inclusion criteria. A total of 128 periodontal pockets were included in the study. Each periodontal pocket was a case receiving therapy. The mean periodontal pocket depth before the treatment is measured as 3.35 mm. The mean pocket depth of the periodontal pockets following treatment was 0.59 mm. The mean improvement in periodontal pocket depths after diode laser therapy when considering patient and tooth number using linear mixed-effects modeling was 2.63 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.81-3.46, P < .0001). No statistically significant results were observed for pocket type, as P values were greater than .05.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenyan Ji
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Jamie G Anderson
- Dentistry For Animals, Aptos, CA, USA
- Consultant in Veterinary Oral Medicine, Dixon, CA, USA
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22
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Nivy R, Bar-Am Y, Retzkin H, Bruchim Y, Mazaki-Tovi M. Preliminary evaluation of the impact of periodontal treatment on markers of glycaemic control in dogs with diabetes mellitus: A prospective, clinical case series. Vet Rec 2024; 194:e3310. [PMID: 37608628 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease (PD) can adversely affect glycaemic control in humans. However, it is unknown if a similar association exists in dogs. METHODS Ten client-owned dogs with poorly regulated diabetes mellitus (DM) and PD were prospectively enrolled. A complete blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis and measurement of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fructosamine concentrations were performed before periodontal treatment (PT) and monthly thereafter for 3 months. A periodontal disease severity score (PDSS) was determined during PT. The effects of time post-PT and PDSS on markers of inflammation and glycaemic control were determined by generalised estimating equation analysis. RESULTS HbA1c (mean; 95% confidence interval [CI]) decreased 3 months post-PT (32.1 mmol/mol; 21.1-43.1 mmol/mol vs. 44.3 mmol/mol; 36.4-52.0; p = 0.003). PDSS at enrolment was significantly (p = 0.031) positively associated with HbA1c concentration. Due to a significant (p < 0.001) interaction between PDSS and time post-PT in the analysis of fructosamine, dogs with low (1-3) PDSS and high (7-9) PDSS were analysed separately. Fructosamine (mean; 95% CI) significantly decreased 1 month post-PT (570 μmol/L; 457-684 μmol/L vs. 624 μmol/L; 499-748; p = 0.001) in the high PDSS group but not in the low PDSS group. Fructosamine concentration upon enrolment and PDSS were correlated (r = 0.73, p = 0.017). IL-6 concentration significantly decreased 3 months post-PT (9.9 pg/mL; 8.5-11.3 pg/mL vs. 11.2 pg/mL; 9.7-12.7; p = 0.002). LIMITATIONS Limitations of the study included the small number of dogs, the lack of a control group and the inability to assess PDSS during follow-ups. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a potential detrimental interaction between PD and DM. The apparent beneficial effect of PT on markers of glycaemic control was most conspicuous in dogs with more severe PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Nivy
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Ben-Shemen Specialist Referral Centre, Ben-Shemen Youth Village, Ben-Shemen, Israel
| | - Yoav Bar-Am
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hanny Retzkin
- Ben-Shemen Specialist Referral Centre, Ben-Shemen Youth Village, Ben-Shemen, Israel
| | - Yaron Bruchim
- Ben-Shemen Specialist Referral Centre, Ben-Shemen Youth Village, Ben-Shemen, Israel
| | - Michal Mazaki-Tovi
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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23
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Levrini L, Rossini M, Truppello E, Sevi S, Fiorini E, Benedicenti S, Pasquale C, Farronato D. Evaluation of Sterify Gel as an Adjunctive Treatment to Scaling and Root Planing in Promoting Healing of Periodontal Pockets: A Split-Mouth Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Dent 2024; 2024:3113479. [PMID: 38213553 PMCID: PMC10783987 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3113479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease is a common infectious disease that leads to the destruction of tooth-supporting structures. Current treatments, such as scaling and root planing (SRP), have limitations in deep and complex pockets, and antibiotic use carries the risk of resistance. Sterify Gel, a medical device composed of polyvinyl polymers, hydroxytyrosol, nisin, and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, offers a new approach to periodontal care. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Sterify Gel as an adjunctive treatment to SRP in promoting the healing of periodontal pockets. Methods The study includes 34 patients with moderate to advanced chronic periodontal disease. Randomization assigned one site for SRP alone (control) and the other site for SRP with Sterify Gel (treatment). Periodontal parameters were evaluated at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment bacterial contamination was assessed through quantitative PCR at baseline and 3 months after treatment. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and Wilcoxon test. Results Treatment with Sterify Gel and SRP demonstrated significant improvements in pocket depth, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level compared with SRP alone. Bleeding and plaque indexes, pain perception, tooth mobility, and furcations showed no significant differences between the two groups. The treatment group showed a reduction in bacterial contamination at 3 months. Conclusions Sterify Gel in combination with SRP shows the potential for improving periodontal health by promoting healing and reducing periodontal pockets. It may offer benefits in preventing bacterial recolonization and reducing reliance on antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Levrini
- Department of Human Sciences, Innovation and Territory, Postgraduate School of Orthodontic, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Michela Rossini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Dental Hygiene, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Elisa Truppello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Dental Hygiene, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Simone Sevi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Dental Hygiene, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Enrico Fiorini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Dental Hygiene, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Pasquale
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Davide Farronato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Dental Hygiene, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
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24
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Zhang Y, Jia R, Zhang Y, Zou R, Niu L, Dong S. Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and Visfatin Levels in Patients with Periodontitis and Obesity/Overweight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9838-9850. [PMID: 38132460 PMCID: PMC10742403 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior studies demonstrated an equivocal conclusion about the association between the level of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)/visfatin and periodontitis patients with obesity. The aim of our study (Prospero ID: CRD42023469058) was to systematically review the available articles linking the biofluid levels of RBP4/visfatin to the comorbidity of periodontitis and obesity. Clinical trials were screened in accordance with specific inclusion criteria from seven databases up to November 2023. A quality assessment was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and ROBINS-I tools for observational and interventional trials, respectively. The standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) related to the RBP4 level was recorded; the other indicators related to the visfatin level were measured via the mean difference (MD) with the corresponding 95% CI, and Fisher's Z transformation was measured to reveal the association using Review Manager 5.4. The current evidence was based on five observational studies and two interventional studies. All of them were included in the systematic review, and six of them were in the meta-analysis. Statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in the circulating levels of RBP4 in the periodontitis patients with obesity or without, who were labeled as OP or NP, respectively (155 OP-107 NP: SMD = 1.38; 95% CI: -0.18-2.94, p = 0.08), as well as the periodontal healthy patients with a normal weight, who were labelled as NnP (116 OP-79 NnP: SMD = 6.76; 95% CI: -5.34-18.87, p = 0.27). Meanwhile, a significant higher level of serum visfatin was found in the OP patients than that of the NP (86 OP-45 NP: MD = 4.21; 95% CI: 2.65-5.77, p < 0.00001)/NnP (164 OP-88 NnP: MD = 13.02; 95% CI: 7.34-18.70, p < 0.00001) group. In addition, a positive association was observed between the serum RBP4 and body mass index/clinical attachment loss (CAL). And, then, there was a positive association between the serum visfatin and periodontal parameters, including the probing depth, CAL, and plaque index, as well as metabolic parameters, including the total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Here, the circulating RBP4 level was not independently related to the comorbidity of periodontitis and obesity, while serum visfatin was significantly associated with periodontitis and obesity. Notably, the positive association between circulating RBP4/visfatin and the periodontal parameters/metabolic parameters firmly suggested that the higher severity of the obese or periodontal status was associated with an elevated level of serum visfatin or RBP4 in the OP group. With more rigorous longitudinal research, the exact causations between RBP4/visfatin and the patients affected by obesity and periodontitis could be disentangled. RBP4 and visfatin might be novel, enlightening prospective bio-indexes for the targeted treatment of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Rui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Lin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Shaojie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
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25
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Schernig-Mráz M, Grauer AL, Morgenegg G. Dental health in Roman dogs: A pilot study using standardized examination methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2023; 43:72-84. [PMID: 37839223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To utilize standardized clinical veterinary methods to analyze dental health in a series of Roman dog maxillae and mandibles and to compare results to modern clinical data. MATERIALS 28 skulls of juvenile and adult dogs from three archaeological sites in Switzerland and Germany dating to the Roman period. METHODS Standardized examination was carried out, which included metric radiographic assessment to diagnose oral pathology and estimate age at death. In one case, CT analysis was undertaken. RESULTS The estimated average age at death was between three and four years old. Tooth fracture, periodontal disease, the presence of non-vital teeth, and brachycephalic skull form were found in the sample. Tooth resorption was unexpectedly noted. CONCLUSION The study provides valuable insights into the dental health of dogs in the Roman era. Compared to modern dogs, Roman dogs examined in this study appear to have a shorter lifespan but display a high rate of pathological dental disease, while disease patterns were very similar to those of modern dogs. Dogs with pronounced brachycephalic features were found. SIGNIFICANCE This pilot study is the first to use standardized clinical examination and recording techniques to assess dental health in dogs from archaeological contexts. It provides insight into the dental health of Roman era dogs and offers data upon which cross-populational studies can be initiated. LIMITATIONS The sample size and geographic location of the archaeological sites were limited. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Subsequent standardized studies, preferably in as many different Roman Empire regions as possible, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schernig-Mráz
- Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science (IPAS), University of Basel, Spalenring 145, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Anne L Grauer
- Department of Anthropology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660, USA.
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26
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Yi X, Li C, Wang S, Shang H. Association between Self-Reported Oral Health and Parkinson's Disease: Evidence from UK Biobank. Neuroepidemiology 2023; 58:151-155. [PMID: 38035555 DOI: 10.1159/000535495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral health problem is prevalent in the elderly population which is also at high risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the association between self-reported oral health and PD is still unclear. We aimed to explore the association between baseline self-reported oral health (mouth ulcers, painful gums, bleeding gums, loose teeth, toothache, dentures) and future incidence of PD. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS Participants were enrolled in the UK Biobank from 2006 to 2010 and those without PD at baseline were included in the current study. We used Cox regression analysis to explore the question and adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, drinking, ethnicity, education, socioeconomic status, and average total household income before tax. RESULTS We included 421,180 participants with a mean age of 56.26 years old, and 46.5% of them were male. And 2,339 participants were diagnosed with PD in the follow-up. Mouth ulcers, loose teeth, dentures, toothache, and bleeding gums were not related to the risk of PD. Painful gums were related to a higher risk of PD (HR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.12-1.72, p = 0.003), and similar results were reached after adjusting for gene risk (HR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.12-1.73, p = 0.003), or source of diagnosis (HR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.12-1.72, p = 0.002), and time of diagnosis (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03-1.63, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our study has demonstrated a substantial correlation between painful gums and elevated susceptibility to PD, underscoring the potential advantages of implementing oral health interventions for decreasing the risk of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yi
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shichan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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27
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Tan Y, Luo X, Jia R. Increased RBP4 and Asprosin Are Novel Contributors in Inflammation Process of Periodontitis in Obese Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16739. [PMID: 38069063 PMCID: PMC10706687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a significant comorbidity between obesity and periodontitis, while adipokines are pivotal in the immunoinflammatory process, which may play a role in this special relationship. We aimed to assess the effect of adipokines as mediators in the progression of periodontitis in obese Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were divided into four groups: normal body weight with and without periodontitis and obesity with and without periodontitis. Experimental obesity and periodontitis were induced by a high-fat diet or ligaturing, and the effect was measured using metabolic and micro-computed tomography analysis and histological staining. Compared with the other three groups, the group of periodontitis with obesity (OP) had the heaviest alveolar bone absorption, the largest increase in osteoclasts, the utmost inflammatory cell infiltration and the highest expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL); meanwhile, its expression of the osteogenesis-related gene was the lowest among the four groups. The expressions of leptin, visfatin, resistin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and asprosin were upregulated, while adiponectin was decreased significantly in OP. The strong positive associations between the periodontal or circulating levels of RBP4 (or asprosin) and the degree of alveolar resorption in experimental periodontitis and obese rats were revealed. The upregulated expression of inflammation biomarkers, the corresponding degradation in connective tissue and the generation of osteoclasts in periodontitis were activated and exacerbated in obesity. The elevated level of RBP4/asprosin may contribute to a more severe periodontal inflammatory state in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Yutian Tan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Digital Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
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28
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Takahashi K, Nango H, Ushijima M, Takashima M, Nakamoto M, Matsutomo T, Jikihara H, Arakawa N, Maki S, Yabuki A, Endo Y, Yamato O. Therapeutic effect of aged garlic extract on gingivitis in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1277272. [PMID: 38026667 PMCID: PMC10658002 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1277272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is one of the most common dental health problems in dogs. Clinical studies in humans have shown that aged garlic extract (AGE), which contains stable and water-soluble sulfur-containing bioactive compounds, improves the symptoms of periodontal diseases. Our previous study demonstrated that oral administration of AGE in healthy Beagle dogs at 90 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks had no adverse effects such as hemolytic anemia, which is well known to occur as a result of ingestion of Allium species, including onions and garlic, in dogs. However, the therapeutic potential of AGE in canine periodontal disease remains unclear. Accordingly, we investigated the therapeutic effects of AGE in Beagle dogs with mild gingivitis. Feeding 18 mg/kg/day of AGE for 8 weeks resulted in the improvement of gingival index score, level of volatile sulfur compounds in exhaled air, and enzyme activity of periodontal pathogens without any adverse effects on clinical signs and hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Moreover, AGE increased the concentration of salivary cathelicidin, an antimicrobial peptide that contributes to the oral innate immune response. These results suggest that AGE could be a potential therapeutic agent for canine gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Takahashi
- Kagoshima University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nango
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Ushijima
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miyuki Takashima
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato Nakamoto
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Matsutomo
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Jikihara
- Research Administration Department, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nanami Arakawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Maki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akira Yabuki
- Kagoshima University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Endo
- Kagoshima University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Magalhães TR, Corbee RJ, Queiroga FL, Lourenço AL. Dietary omega-3 fatty acids in the management of feline periodontal disease: What is the evidence? J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1465-1472. [PMID: 37403250 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an oral disorder with high prevalence in cats from 2 years of age, resulting from an inflammatory response against bacterial plaque. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease and may include dental scaling, local application of perioceutics, tissue regeneration and/or even tooth extraction and periodontal surgery. As multimodal therapy is often required, new strategies have been developed to improve the therapeutic response in these patients. Adjuvant use of omega-3 fatty acids has been reported in humans with periodontal disease, but the current evidence of its effect in companion animals, especially cats, is still considered to be scarce and conflicting. This review describes the state of the art regarding feline periodontal disease and seeks to clarify the potential effect of omega-3 fatty acids on its clinical management in light of the evidence available in the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás R Magalhães
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ronald J Corbee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Felisbina L Queiroga
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana L Lourenço
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Bellettini ST, da Silva RPB, Giovanelli DF, Lourenço ELB, da Cruz Alves Pereira E, Sakumoto K, Gonçalves DD, Pachaly JR. Self-Curing Glass Ionomer Cement Covered by Photopolymerizable Adhesive for Protection of Mucoperiosteal or Gingival Flap Sutures in Canine Oral Surgery. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2648. [PMID: 37627439 PMCID: PMC10451545 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is one of the main affections of the oral cavity of dogs. Its main complication is the formation of periapical abscess, which, when affecting the maxillary canine teeth, can lead to the formation of oronasal fistulae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of self-curing glass ionomer cement, covered by photopolymerizable adhesive, as a protective element for mucoperiosteal or gingival flap sutures in oral surgery of dogs. We studied 15 dogs from the clinical routine of the dental service of a teaching veterinary hospital, which needed oral surgeries to correct oronasal fistulae, defects or oral cavity communications, regardless of the causal agent. Group one (G1) was composed of seven animals that presented oronasal fistulae after the extraction of maxillary canine teeth compromised by severe periodontal disease. These fistulae were reduced by the double-mucoperiosteal-flap technique, 15 days after the dental extraction. Group two (G2) was composed of five other dogs that presented oronasal fistulae after the extraction of maxillary canine teeth compromised by severe periodontal disease. In this group, the fistulae were reduced by the single-flap technique, immediately after the dental extraction. Group three (G3) was composed of three animals, two of which presented oronasal fistulae due to maxillary fracture and the third one after excision of oral neoplasia. In all groups, simple interrupted sutures were used with 3.0 nylon, and a thin layer of self-curing glass ionomer cement was applied immediately over the operated area. After cement's settling time, a thin layer of photopolymerizable adhesive was applied to the already polymerized cement. In G1, the protective cement was removed on average at 15 (±2) postoperative days, in G2 at 6 (±1) days and in G3 at 11 (±9) days. In the postoperative period, the animals received antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, and they received their usual dry dog food diet. No Elizabethan collar or any other protective measure was used for suturing or the surgical wound. The result was healing of 100% of the oronasal fistulae, without suture dehiscence or the need for new surgical interventions. Thus, it was concluded that the use of self-curing glass ionomer cement covered by photopolymerizable adhesive was fully satisfactory, providing protection of sutures and surgical wounds and showing the potential for routine use in oral surgery in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salviano Tramontin Bellettini
- Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil; (R.P.B.d.S.); (D.F.G.)
| | - Regiane Pereira Baptista da Silva
- Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil; (R.P.B.d.S.); (D.F.G.)
| | - Diogo Fernandes Giovanelli
- Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil; (R.P.B.d.S.); (D.F.G.)
| | - Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil; (E.L.B.L.); (E.d.C.A.P.)
| | - Elton da Cruz Alves Pereira
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil; (E.L.B.L.); (E.d.C.A.P.)
| | - Karina Sakumoto
- Graduate Program in Medicinal and Phytotherapeutic Plants in Primary Care, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil; (K.S.); (D.D.G.)
| | - Daniela Dib Gonçalves
- Graduate Program in Medicinal and Phytotherapeutic Plants in Primary Care, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil; (K.S.); (D.D.G.)
| | - José Ricardo Pachaly
- Brazilian Institute of Specialties in Veterinary Medicine (ESPECIALVET), Maringá 87014-080, Brazil;
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Fairs J, Conan A, Yvorchuk-St. Jean K, Gingerich W, Abramo N, Stahl D, Walters C, Artemiou E. The Evaluation of a High-Fidelity Simulation Model and Video Instruction Used to Teach Canine Dental Skills to Pre-Clinical Veterinary Students. Vet Sci 2023; 10:526. [PMID: 37624313 PMCID: PMC10458249 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increased focus on the teaching of small-animal dentistry to veterinary students in order to address the recognized gap between dental skill training and the expectations of employers regarding the competencies of new graduates in this field. In this study, third-year veterinary students were trained in three canine dental core skills using either a high-fidelity model (Group A) or video instruction (Group B). An objective structured clinical examination was used to assess skill acquisition and questionnaires were distributed in order to assess student confidence and perceptions related to small-animal dentistry practice and related skills before and after the training. All results were compared between the two groups. Group A outperformed Group B in skill acquisition (p < 0.001) and there was greater improvement in skill confidence for Group A than Group B (p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in perceptions related to small-animal dentistry between the two groups after the training (p ≥ 0.1). Group A rated their training experience more highly than Group B (p < 0.001). Although dental skill acquisition shows greater improvement when training is provided by models rather than video instruction, a blended approach to teaching dental skills is likely to be the best approach to optimizing dental skill acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Fairs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (K.Y.-S.J.); (N.A.); (D.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Anne Conan
- Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice, City University of Hong Kong, 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China;
| | - Kathleen Yvorchuk-St. Jean
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (K.Y.-S.J.); (N.A.); (D.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Wade Gingerich
- Pet Dental Center, 9250 Corkscrew, STE 18, Estero, FL 33928, USA;
| | - Nicole Abramo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (K.Y.-S.J.); (N.A.); (D.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Diane Stahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (K.Y.-S.J.); (N.A.); (D.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Carly Walters
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (K.Y.-S.J.); (N.A.); (D.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Elpida Artemiou
- Texas Tech University School of Veterinary Medicine, 7671 Evans Dr., Amarillo, TX 79106, USA;
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Silva C, Requicha J, Dias I, Bastos E, Viegas C. Genomic Medicine in Canine Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2463. [PMID: 37570272 PMCID: PMC10417655 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic medicine has become a growing reality; however, it is still taking its first steps in veterinary medicine. Through this approach, it will be possible to trace the genetic profile of a given individual and thus know their susceptibility to certain diseases, namely periodontal disease. This condition is one of the most frequently diagnosed in companion animal clinics, especially in dogs. Due to the limited existing information and the lack of comprehensive studies, the objective of the present study was to systematically review the existing scientific literature regarding genomic medicine in canine periodontal disease and determine which genes have already been studied and their probable potential. This study followed the recommendations of the PRISMA 2020 methodology. Canine periodontal disease allied to genomic medicine were the subjects of this systematic review. Only six articles met all of the inclusion criteria, and these were analyzed in detail. These studies described genetic variations in the following genes: interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-1, lactotransferrin, toll-like receptor 9, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B. Only in two of them, namely interleukin-1 and toll-like receptor 9 genes, may the identified genetic variations explain the susceptibility that certain individuals have to the development of periodontal disease. It is necessary to expand the studies on the existing polymorphic variations in genes and their relationship with the development of periodontal disease. Only then will it be possible to fully understand the biological mechanisms that are involved in this disease and that determine the susceptibility to its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Silva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (J.R.); (I.D.)
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Requicha
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (J.R.); (I.D.)
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Dias
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (J.R.); (I.D.)
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- CITAB—Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Inov4Agro-Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Estela Bastos
- CITAB—Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Inov4Agro-Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (J.R.); (I.D.)
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- CITAB—Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Inov4Agro-Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Mohammed MMA, Almayeef D, Abbas D, Ali M, Haissam M, Mabrook R, Nizar R, Eldoahji T, Al-Rawi NH. The Association Between Periodontal Disease and Chronic Migraine: A Systematic Review. Int Dent J 2023:S0020-6539(23)00074-6. [PMID: 37225630 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a neurologic illness that produces intense throbbing pain on one side of the head and affects roughly 1 billion people worldwide. Recent research indicates a relationship between periodontitis and chronic migraines. This study aimed to review the association between chronic migraines and periodontitis through a systematic literature review. Four research databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, and SpringerLink) were searched according to PRISMA guidelines to retrieve the studies included in this review. A search strategy was developed to answer the study question with appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 34 published studies, 8 studies were included in this review. Three of the studies were cross-sectional, 3 were case-control, and 2 were clinical report and medical hypothesis papers. Seven of the 8 included studies showed that there is an association between periodontal disease and chronic migraine. The elevated blood levels of some biomarkers such as leptins, ProCalcitonin (proCT), calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs), Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor-like Weak Inducer Of Apoptosis (sTWEAK) play a significant role in this association. The limitations include a small sample size, the influence of anti-inflammatory drugs, and a self-reported headache measure that is subject to misclassification bias. This systematic review reveals a supposed correlation between periodontal disease and chronic migraine, as evidenced by various biomarkers and inflammatory mediators. This suggests that periodontal disease could potentially contribute to the development of chronic migraine. However, to further assess the potential benefits of periodontal treatment in patients with chronic migraine, additional longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes and interventional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Mansoor Ali Mohammed
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, Uinted Arab Emirates.
| | - Danah Almayeef
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dania Abbas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha Ali
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha Haissam
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rawya Mabrook
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Riham Nizar
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tuleen Eldoahji
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Natheer Hashim Al-Rawi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, Uinted Arab Emirates
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Wu L, Yang J, She P, Kong F, Mao Z, Wang S. Single-cell RNA sequencing and traditional RNA sequencing reveals the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in oral squamous cell carcinoma cohort. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1195520. [PMID: 37234985 PMCID: PMC10206127 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1195520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the alveolar bones and connective tissues supporting teeth causes periodontal disease, one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in humans. It was previously reported that oral cancer was the sixth most common cancer in the world, followed by squamous cell carcinoma. Periodontal disease has been linked to an increased risk for oral cancer in some studies, and these studies have found a positive relationship between oral cancer and periodontal disease. In this work, we aimed to explore the potential correlation between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and Periodontal disease. The single-cell RNA sequence analysis was applied to explore the genes that were closely associated with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The Single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm was applied to explore the scores of CAFs. Subsequently, the differentially expressed analysis was applied to explore the CAFs-related genes that play a key role in the OSCC cohort. The LASSO regression analysis and the COX regression analysis were applied to construct the CAFs-based periodontal disease-related risk model. In addition, the correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between the risk model and clinical features, immune-related cells, and immune-related genes. By using the single-cell RNA sequence analysis, we successfully obtained the biomarkers for the CAFs. Finally, we successfully obtained a six-CAFs-related genes risk model. The ROC curve and survival analysis revealed that the risk model showed good predictive value in OSCC patients. Our analysis successfully provided a new direction for the treatment and prognosis of OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peng She
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fanzhi Kong
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhenwei Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Xie S, Li DD, Zhang PF, Ren XY, Wang X. Effects of modified triangular flap for third molar extraction on distal periodontal health of second molar: A randomized controlled study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16161. [PMID: 37234672 PMCID: PMC10208835 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess the effect of flap design for impacted mandibular third molar extraction on the distal periodontal tissue of their neighbors clinically, immunologically, and microbiologically. Study design This randomized controlled study comprised 100 patients who were allocated randomly to receive either a triangular flap or a modified triangular flap. The distal periodontal pocket depth, plaque index, bleeding on probing, the presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, and the level of interleukin-1β, interleukin-8 and matrix metalloproteinase-8 of adjacent second molars were measured at baseline, and 1, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Results After 1 and 4 weeks, distal periodontal conditions of adjacent second molars deteriorated, along with an increase in subgingival microbiota and inflammatory factors in both groups. And compared to the modified triangular flap group, the triangular flap group significantly increased (p < 0.05). Prevotella intermedia, interleukin-1β and probing depth were positively correlated in both groups. After 8 weeks, they returned to the preoperative level. Conclusions In this study, both flap designs for impacted mandibular third molar extractions was associated with worse clinical periodontal indices, increased inflammatory biomarkers of gingival crevicular fluid, and more subgingival pathogenic microbiota within 4 weeks. But compared with the triangular flap, the modified triangular flap was better for distal periodontal health of adjacent second molars, which provides certain directions for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, China
| | - Yongfeng Cheng
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, China
| | - Si Xie
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, China
| | | | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Ren
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, China
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Butucel E, Balta I, Bundurus IA, Popescu CA, Iancu T, Venig A, Pet I, Stef D, McCleery D, Stef L, Corcionivoschi N. Natural Antimicrobials Promote the Anti-Oxidative Inhibition of COX-2 Mediated Inflammatory Response in Primary Oral Cells Infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051017. [PMID: 37237883 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis can colonize the tooth root canals, adhere to dentin walls, and frequently cause periodontitis in dogs. Bacterial periodontal diseases are common in domesticated pets, causing severe oral cavity inflammation and a strong immune response. This study investigates the antioxidant effect of a natural antimicrobial mixture (Auraguard-Ag) on the ability of S. aureus, S. pyogenes and E. faecalis to infect primary canine oral epithelial cells as well as its impact on their virulence factors. Our data show that a concentration of 0.25% Ag is sufficient to inhibit the growth of all three pathogens, whereas a concentration of 0.5% will become bactericidal. The sub-inhibitory concentration of 0.125% Ag reveals that the antimicrobial mixture can significantly reduce biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide production. The impact on these virulence factors was further translated into a significantly reduced ability to infect primary canine oral epithelial cells and restore epithelial tight junctions, with no impact on the epithelial cell viability. The post-infection inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-8) and the COX-2 mediator were also reduced both in mRNA and protein expression levels. The oxidative burst, detected upon infection, was also decreased in the presence of Ag, as our results show a significant decrease in H2O2 released by the infected cells. We show that inhibition of either NADPH or ERK activity will result in a downregulation of COX-2 expression and lower levels of H2O2 in infected cells. Conclusively, our study shows that natural antimicrobials reduce pro-inflammatory events, post infection, through an antioxidative mechanism that involves the downregulation of the COX-2 mediator via the inactivation of ERK in the absence of H2O2. As a result, they significantly reduce the risk of secondary bacterial infections and host oxidative stress caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis accumulation in biofilms in an in vitro canine oral infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Butucel
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Igori Balta
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iulia Adelina Bundurus
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cosmin Alin Popescu
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Tiberiu Iancu
- Faculty of Management and Rural Tourism, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adelina Venig
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ioan Pet
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ducu Stef
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - David McCleery
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Lavinia Stef
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
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37
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O’Neill DG, Blenkarn A, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, Freeman A. Periodontal disease in cats under primary veterinary care in the UK: frequency and risk factors. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X231158154. [PMID: 36912667 PMCID: PMC10812011 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231158154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontal disease is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that can have major welfare implications in cats. This study aimed to report the frequency and demographic risk factors of periodontal disease and to explore associations with common comorbid disorders in cats in the UK. METHODS The study included a random sample of 18,249 cats obtained from 1,255,130 cats under primary care during 2019 from clinics participating in the VetCompass programme. All disorders recorded during 2019 were extracted and reported. Risk factor and comorbid disorder analysis used multivariable logistic regression modelling. RESULTS Periodontal disease had a 1-year period prevalence of 15.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.72-15.76). Breeds with the highest prevalence included Siamese (18.7%, 95% CI 12.24-26.72) and Maine Coon (16.7%, 95% CI 11.37-23.18). The median age of cats with periodontal disease (9.47 years, interquartile range [IQR] 5.96-12.97) was higher than for cats without periodontal disease (4.94 years, IQR 1.95-9.51; P <0.001). Increasing adult body weight, increasing age and sex-neuter status were significantly associated with rising odds of periodontal disease. Cats with periodontal disease had a higher median count of comorbid disorders per individual cat (3, IQR 2-4, range 1-14) than cats without periodontal disease (1, IQR 0-2, range 0-15; P <0.001). Cats with periodontal disease had 1.79 times the odds (95% CI 1.62-1.99, P <0.001) of diagnosis with at least one comorbid disorder disease than cats without periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Periodontal disease is the most common specific diagnosis in cats and is confirmed as a leading health issue in cats. Ageing is identified as the strongest predictor of periodontal disease risk in cats, suggesting the potential for increasing health gains from emphasis on dental care and health in cats as they age. The study offers evidence on a close link between periodontal disease and reduced overall health in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan G O’Neill
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK
| | - Alyx Blenkarn
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK
| | - Dave C Brodbelt
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK
| | - David B Church
- Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK
| | - Alix Freeman
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Eastcott Referrals, Swindon, UK
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In Vivo Effect of a Nisin–Biogel on the Antimicrobial and Virulence Signatures of Canine Oral Enterococci. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030468. [PMID: 36978334 PMCID: PMC10044209 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a relevant oral disease in dogs and nisin–biogel has been previously proposed to be used in its control. Enterococci, as inhabitants of the oral cavity with a high genetic versatility, are a reliable bacterial model for antimicrobial studies. Our goal was to evaluate the in vivo influence of the long-term dental application of the nisin–biogel on the virulence and antimicrobial signatures of canine oral enterococci. Twenty dogs were randomly allocated to one of two groups (treatment group—TG with nisin–biogel dental application, or control group—CG without treatment) and submitted to dental plaque sampling at day 0 and after 90 days (T90). Samples were processed for Enterococcus spp. isolation, quantification, identification, molecular typing and antimicrobial and virulence characterization. From a total of 140 enterococci, molecular typing allowed us to obtain 70 representative isolates, mostly identified as E. faecalis and E. faecium. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the virulence index of the isolates obtained from samples collected from the TG and CG at T90. At T90, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0008) was observed in the antimicrobial resistance index between the isolates from the TC and CG. Oral enterococci were revealed to be reservoirs of high resistant and virulent phenotypes.
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39
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DeRose D, Hale F. Owner Survey of 55 Dogs That Underwent Full Mouth Extraction Procedures in a Referral Practice. J Vet Dent 2022; 40:125-133. [PMID: 36464681 DOI: 10.1177/08987564221141999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Full mouth extraction (FME) in dogs is a common procedure performed in veterinary dental referral practice. Clients may be apprehensive to have FME performed, with concerns for ability to eat and quality of life. These concerns may be barriers to electing to proceed. This study used a cross-sectional survey to identify concerns clients had regarding FME. Medical records of 168 dogs that underwent FME at a referral practice from 2013 to 2019 were sent surveys. A total of 55 responses were obtained. This study demonstrated that after extractions, 52.7% of the patients ate the same diet as before the surgery. Regarding enthusiasm for eating, 12 (21.7%) reported an increase in enthusiasm, 15 (27.3%) reported slightly more enthusiasm, 25 (45.5%) reported the same enthusiasm, two (3.6%) reported less enthusiasm, and one (1.8%) showed a complete lack of interest. Fifty-one (92.7%) reported improved postoperative oral comfort. Twenty-five respondents (45.5%) had a great deal of anxiety before the procedure, specifically regarding eating postoperatively, 13 (24.1%) were extremely concerned, 31 (57.4%) were somewhat concerned. Twenty-six (47.3%) were extremely anxious about anesthesia. This study demonstrated high client satisfaction with 45 (81.8%) of the respondents reporting high satisfaction. This survey demonstrated that FME is a successful procedure with a high rate of client satisfaction.
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40
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Cunha E, Carreira LM, Nunes T, Videira M, Tavares L, Veiga AS, Oliveira M. In Vivo Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Nisin-Biogel as a New Approach for Canine Periodontal Disease Control. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122716. [PMID: 36559210 PMCID: PMC9787893 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is a common oral disease in dogs. Recent in vitro research revealed that nisin−biogel is a promising compound for canine PD control. In this work, a clinical trial was developed to assess the in vivo efficacy of nisin−biogel in dogs by determining the dental plaque index (DPI), gingivitis index (GI), and periodontal pocket depth (PPD) after dental administration. The biogel’s influence on aerobic bacteria counts was also evaluated, as well as its acceptance/adverse effects in dogs. Twenty animals were allocated to one of two groups: a treatment group (TG) subjected to a dental topical application of nisin−biogel for 90 days and a control group (CG) with no treatment. Besides daily monitoring, on day 1 (T0) and at the end of the assay (T90), animals were subjected to blood analysis, periodontal evaluation, dental plaque sampling, scaling, and polishing. Statistical analysis with mixed models showed a significant reduction in mean PPD (estimate = −0.371, p-value < 0.001) and DPI (estimate = −0.146, p-value < 0.05) in the TG animals at T90. A reduction in the GI (estimate = −0.056, p-value > 0.05) was also observed but with no statistical significance. No influence on total bacterial counts was observed, and no adverse effects were detected. The nisin−biogel was revealed to be a promising compound for canine PD control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cunha
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Luís Miguel Carreira
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Telmo Nunes
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Videira
- Casa dos Animais de Lisboa, Estrada da Pimenteira, 1300-459 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Salomé Veiga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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Chen X, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Ouyang Z, Zhou H, Li L, Li L, Li F, Xie X, Hill RG, Wang S, Chen X. Halide-containing bioactive glasses enhance osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 143:213173. [PMID: 36356468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The application of bone substitutes to reconstruct bone defects is a strategy for repairing alveolar bone loss caused by periodontal disease. Bioactive glasses (BGs) are attractive synthetic bone substitutes owing to their abilities to degrade, form bone-like mineral and stimulate bone regeneration. Our previous studies showed that the incorporation of fluoride into alkali-free bioactive silicate glass promoted osteogenesis to some extent in vitro, while the incorporation of chloride facilitated glass degradation and accelerated the formation of hydroxyapatite. However, whether there is a synergistic effect of incorporating fluoride and chloride on further enhancement of osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo was not known. Therefore, we synthesized three halide-containing BGs with fluoride only, or chloride only, or mixed fluoride and chloride, investigated their physicochemical properties and osteogenic and angiogenic effects both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the addition of both fluoride and chloride in a bioactive silicate glass could combine the structural roles of both, leading to a faster apatite formation than the glass with the presence of fluoride only and a more stable fluorapatite formation than the glass with the presence of chloride only, which formed hydroxyapatite upon immersion. The studied BGs were cytocompatible, as suggested by the cytotoxicity evaluation of hPDLSCs cultivated in the extracted BGs-conditioned culture media. More importantly, these BGs stimulated osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs without adding growth factors as indicated by the fact that BGs-conditioned media up-regulated the expression of BMP-2, OPN and VEGF of hPDLSCs and promoted the formation of bone nodules and collagen in vitro. By comparison, the incorporation of fluoride facilitated the expression of osteogenic-related biomarkers and bone nodule formation preferentially, while the incorporation of chloride induced the expression of angiogenic-related biomarkers and collagen formation. The in vivo investigation results demonstrated that the developed halide-containing BGs accelerated the process of bone regeneration, while the glass with mixed fluoride and chloride showed the most significant promotion effect among the three BGs. Therefore, our findings revealed a synergistic effect of incorporating fluoride and chloride into a BG on osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo and highlighted the potential of fluoride and chloride containing bioactive glasses being bone substitutes for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Chen
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Academician Workstation for Oral-maxillofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuting Liu
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zechi Ouyang
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lisha Li
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Long Li
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Robert G Hill
- Institute of Dentistry, Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Songlin Wang
- Academician Workstation for Oral-maxillofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Revisiting Periodontal Disease in Dogs: How to Manage This New Old Problem? Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121729. [PMID: 36551385 PMCID: PMC9774197 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent oral inflammatory diseases in dogs. PD onset begins with the formation of a polymicrobial biofilm (dental plaque) on the surface of the teeth, followed by a local host inflammatory response. To manage this disease, several procedures focusing on the prevention and control of dental plaque establishment, as well as on the prevention of local and systemic PD-related consequences, are essential. The removal of dental plaque and the inhibition of its formation can be achieved by a combination of dental hygiene homecare procedures including tooth brushing, the application of different oral products and the use of specific diet and chew toys, and regular professional periodontal procedures. Additionally, in some cases, periodontal surgery may be required to reduce PD progression. Associated with these measures, host modulation therapy, antimicrobial therapy, and other innovative therapeutic options may be useful in PD management. Moreover, PD high prevalence and its relation with potential local and systemic consequences reinforce the need for investment in the development of new preventive measures, treatments, and oral procedures to improve the control of this disease in dogs. Knowledge on the specific guidelines and diversity of the available products and procedures are fundamental to apply the most adequate treatment to each dog with PD.
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43
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IL-18 Gene rs187238 and rs1946518 Polymorphisms and Expression in Gingival Tissue in Patients with Periodontitis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102367. [PMID: 36289627 PMCID: PMC9598409 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic disease with disturbed balance between the immune and inflammatory response of the host to bacteria. Many studies have shown that proinflammatory cytokines play a significant role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In this study, we examined the association between the IL-18 gene rs187238 and rs1946518 polymorphisms and periodontitis in non-smoking and smoking patients. This study enrolled 200 patients with periodontitis (130 non-smokers and 70 smokers) and 156 control subjects (124 non-smokers and 32 smokers). There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of the rs187238 and rs1946518 IL-18 genotypes and alleles between patients with periodontitis and control subjects, between smoking patients with periodontitis and smoking control subjects, and between non-smoking patients with periodontitis and non-smoking control subjects. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical parameters in relation to the IL18 rs187238 genotypes. In patients with the IL18 rs1946518 GG genotype, we observed increased values of bleeding on probing (BoP) and periodontal probing depth (PPD), compared to subjects with the TT genotype. In patients with periodontitis, we observed statistically significant decreased expression of the IL-18 gene in comparison with healthy subjects (0.231 ± 0.163 vs. 0.663 ± 0.197, p = 0.0008). In addition, the IL-18 gene expression in gingival tissue in patients with periodontitis correlated positively with the number of remaining teeth. The results of our study suggest that the IL-18 rs187238 and rs1946518 polymorphisms are not significant risk indicators of periodontitis in our population. However, in patients with the IL18 rs1946518 GG genotype, we observed increased values of BoP and PPD, compared to subjects with the TT genotype. In addition, in gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis, we have detected decreased expression of IL-18. The gingival expression of IL-18 in patients with periodontitis correlated positively with number of remaining teeth. The above results suggest that IL-18, in addition to its pro-inflammatory effects in periodontal disease, may also exhibit protective properties.
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44
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Shimizu M, Miyawaki S, Kuroda T, Umeta M, Kawabe M, Watanabe K. Erythritol inhibits the growth of periodontal-disease-associated bacteria isolated from canine oral cavity. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10224. [PMID: 36051266 PMCID: PMC9424944 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is the most common oral disease that is caused by infection with periodontal-disease-associated bacteria (PDAB) such as Porphyromonas gulae and Porphyromonas macacae in dogs as well as in humans. Unlike humans, most dogs do not follow daily oral hygiene routine, and this results in many dogs being affected by PD. Thus, to prevent PD, it is important to control PDAB. Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that inhibits the growth of oral bacteria in humans. However, xylitol is poisonous to dogs and can lead to hypoglycemia and hepatic failure. Herein, we show the inhibitory effect of erythritol, a sugar alcohol that can be used safely in dogs, on the growth of PDAB isolated from dogs with PD. Oral bacteria were isolated from the oral cavities of dogs with PD, and the distribution of PDAB was evaluated. Interestingly, Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bacterium typically responsible for PD in humans, was not isolated from dog samples. The bacteriostatic effect of erythritol supplementation was investigated on isolated PDAB in vitro. Our results show that erythritol exert bacteriostatic effects on PDAB comparable to xylitol. Thus, application of erythritol can be suggested to control PDAB in dogs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamu Shimizu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shingo Miyawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Taishin Kuroda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Miyu Umeta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mifumi Kawabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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45
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Stephen AS, Nicolas CS, Lloret F, Allaker RP. In vitro effectiveness of pomegranate extract present in pet oral hygiene products against canine oral bacterial species. Vet World 2022; 15:1714-1718. [PMID: 36185506 PMCID: PMC9394157 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1714-1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pomegranate is known to possess antibacterial properties, partly because of its punicalagin content. However, its effect on canine oral bacterial species has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pomegranate extract present in pet dental products on the growth and survival of five canine oral bacterial species in biofilms. Materials and Methods: Five bacterial species, Neisseria shayeganii, Neisseria canis, Porphyromonas gulae, Porphyromonas macacae, and Porphyromonas crevioricanis, were individually cultured for biofilm formation and exposed to pomegranate extract (or control) for 15 min. Cell survival was analyzed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and was compared between different conditions using a student’s t-test. In addition, the individual strains were grown in planktonic suspensions and exposed to serial dilutions of the extract to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Results: At a concentration of 0.035% w/v, the extract significantly reduced the survival of P. gulae (−39%, p < 0.001) and N. canis (−28%, p = 0.08) in biofilms. At similar concentrations, the extract also completely or partially inhibited the growth of N. canis and Porphyromonas spp. in planktonic suspensions, respectively. Conclusion: The pomegranate extract found in some pet dental products can limit bacterial growth and survival in the biofilms formed by N. canis and P. gulae in vitro. As P. gulae is involved in periodontal disease progression, limiting its proliferation using products containing pomegranate extract could contribute to disease prevention. Further studies on dogs receiving such products are necessary to confirm these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abish S. Stephen
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Fanny Lloret
- Petcare Products Development Unit, Virbac, Carros, France
| | - Robert P. Allaker
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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46
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Gonçalves-Anjo N, Requicha J, Teixeira A, Dias I, Viegas C, Bastos E. Genomic Medicine in Periodontal Disease: Old Issue, New Insights. J Vet Dent 2022; 39:314-322. [PMID: 35765214 PMCID: PMC9638704 DOI: 10.1177/08987564221109102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variability is the main cause of phenotypic variation. Some variants may
be associated with several diseases and can be used as risk biomarkers,
identifying animals with higher susceptibility to develop the pathology. Genomic
medicine uses this genetic information for risk calculation, clinical diagnosis
and prognosis, allowing the implementation of more effective preventive
strategies and/or personalized therapies. Periodontal disease (PD) is the
inflammation of the periodontium induced mainly by bacterial plaque and is the
leading cause of tooth loss. Microbial factors are responsible for the PD
initiation; however, several studies support the genetic influence on the PD
progression. The main purpose of the present publication is to highlight the
main steps involved in the genomic medicine applied to veterinary patients,
describing the flowchart from the characterization of the genetic variants to
the identification of potential associations with specific clinical data. After
investigating which genes might potentially be implicated in canine PD, the
RANK gene, involved in the regulation of
osteoclastogenesis, was selected to illustrate this approach. A case-control
study was performed using DNA samples from a population of 90 dogs – 50 being
healthy and 40 with PD. This analysis allowed for the discovery of four new
intronic variations that were banked in GenBank (g.85A>G, g.151G>T,
g.268A>G and g.492T>C). The results of this study are not intended to be
applied exclusively to PD. On the contrary, this genetic information is intended
to be used by other researchers as a foundation for the development of multiple
applications in the veterinary clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Gonçalves-Anjo
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Centre of the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Requicha
- 511313Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.,Animal Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal
| | - Andreia Teixeira
- Centre of the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Dias
- 511313Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.,Animal Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal
| | - Carlos Viegas
- 511313Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.,Animal Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal
| | - Estela Bastos
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Centre of the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
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Lei X, Tie J, Pan Y. Inferring Metabolite-Disease Association Using Graph Convolutional Networks. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 19:688-698. [PMID: 33705323 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2021.3065562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As is well known, biological experiments are time-consuming and laborious, so there is absolutely no doubt that developing an effective computational model will help solve these problems. Most of computational models rely on the biological similarity and network-based methods that cannot consider the topological structures of metabolite-disease association graphs. We proposed a novel method based on graph convolutional networks to infer potential metabolite-disease association, named MDAGCN. We first calculated three kinds of metabolite similarities and three kinds of disease similarities. The final similarity of disease and metabolite will be obtained by integrating three kinds' similarities of each and filtering out the noise similarity values. Then metabolite similarity network, disease similarity network and known metabolite-disease association network were used to construct a heterogenous network. Finally, heterogeneous network with rich information is fed into the graph convolutional networks to obtain new features of a node through aggregation of node information so as to infer the potential associations between metabolites and diseases. Experimental results show that MDAGCN achieves more reliable results in cross validation and case studies when compared with other existing methods.
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48
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Niemiec BA, Gawor J, Tang S, Prem A, Krumbeck JA. The bacteriome of the oral cavity in healthy dogs and dogs with periodontal disease. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:50-58. [PMID: 34727048 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.02.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the bacteriome of the oral cavity in healthy dogs and dogs with various stages of periodontal disease. ANIMALS Dogs without periodontal disease (n = 12) or with mild (10), moderate (19), or severe (10) periodontal disease. PROCEDURES The maxillary arcade of each dog was sampled with a sterile swab, and swabs were submitted for next-generation DNA sequencing targeting the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS 714 bacterial species from 177 families were identified. The 3 most frequently found bacterial species were Actinomyces sp (48/51 samples), Porphyromonas cangingivalis (47/51 samples), and a Campylobacter sp (48/51 samples). The most abundant species were P cangingivalis, Porphyromonas gulae, and an undefined Porphyromonas sp. Porphyromonas cangingivalis and Campylobacter sp were part of the core microbiome shared among the 4 groups, and P gulae, which was significantly enriched in dogs with severe periodontal disease, was part of the core microbiome shared between all groups except dogs without periodontal disease. Christensenellaceae sp, Bacteroidales sp, Family XIII sp, Methanobrevibacter oralis, Peptostreptococcus canis, and Tannerella sp formed a unique core microbiome in dogs with severe periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results highlighted that in dogs, potential pathogens can be common members of the oral cavity bacteriome in the absence of disease, and changes in the relative abundance of certain members of the bacteriome can be associated with severity of periodontal disease. Future studies may aim to determine whether these changes are the cause or result of periodontal disease or the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brook A Niemiec
- Veterinary Dental Specialties and Oral Surgery, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Shuiquan Tang
- MiDOG LLC, Tustin, CA.,Zymo Research Corp., Irvine, CA
| | - Aishani Prem
- MiDOG LLC, Tustin, CA.,Zymo Research Corp., Irvine, CA
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Tanongpitchayes K, Randorn C, Lamkhao S, Chokethawai K, Rujijanagul G, Na Lampang K, Somrup L, Boonyapakorn C, Thongkorn K. Effectiveness of a Nanohydroxyapatite-Based Hydrogel on Alveolar Bone Regeneration in Post-Extraction Sockets of Dogs with Naturally Occurring Periodontitis. Vet Sci 2021; 9:7. [PMID: 35051091 PMCID: PMC8777875 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological mandibular fracture after dental extraction usually occurs in dogs with moderate to severe periodontitis. A nanohydroxyapatite-based hydrogel (HAP hydrogel) was developed to diminish the limitations of hydroxyapatite for post-extraction socket preservation (PSP). However, the effect of the HAP hydrogel in dogs has still not been widely investigated. Moreover, there are few studies on PSP in dogs suffering from clinical periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the HAP hydrogel for PSP in dogs with periodontitis. In five dogs with periodontitis, the first molar (309 and 409) of each hemimandible was extracted. Consequently, all the ten sockets were filled with HAP-hydrogel. Intraoral radiography was performed on the day of operation and 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post operation. The Kruskal-Wallis test and paired t-test were adopted for alveolar bone regeneration analysis. The results demonstrated that the radiographic grading, bone height measurement, and bone regeneration analysis were positively significant at all follow-up times compared to the day of operation. Moreover, the scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy imaging after immersion showed a homogeneous distribution of apatite formation on the hydrogel surface. Our investigation suggested that the HAP hydrogel effectively enhances socket regeneration in dogs with periodontitis and can be applied as a bone substitute for PSP in veterinary dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittidaj Tanongpitchayes
- Master’s Degree Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (L.S.); (C.B.)
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chamnan Randorn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Suphatchaya Lamkhao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Komsanti Chokethawai
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Gobwute Rujijanagul
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Kannika Na Lampang
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Luddawon Somrup
- Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (L.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Chavalit Boonyapakorn
- Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (L.S.); (C.B.)
- Department of Companion Animals and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Circulatory Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Kriangkrai Thongkorn
- Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (L.S.); (C.B.)
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Companion Animals and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Circulatory Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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50
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Watanabe K, Tahara S, Koyama H, Shimizu M, Kawabe M, Miyawaki S. Visual and histological evaluation of the effects of trafermin in a dog oronasal fistula model. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 84:64-68. [PMID: 34803085 PMCID: PMC8810320 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard procedure to treat oronasal fistula in dogs requires tooth extraction to close the fistula; hence, the subject would lose its tooth. In this study, trafermin was applied to
four dog models with oronasal fistula to investigate the periodontal tissue regenerative effects of trafermin in the treatment without tooth extraction. A fistula was created along the
palatal side of each upper canine tooth. One of the fistulae was filled with trafermin, whereas that on the contralateral side was left unfilled as a control. The results showed a
significant decrease in the non-calcified periodontal tissue volume on the trafermin side after the fourth week. In addition, oronasal fistula closure was visually and histologically
confirmed at the eighth week on the trafermin side of all four models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Syun Tahara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University.,Cookie Animal Hospital
| | - Mamu Shimizu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Mifumi Kawabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Shingo Miyawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
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