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Sharma V, Patial V. Insights into the molecular mechanisms of malnutrition-associated steatohepatitis: A review. Liver Int 2024; 44:2156-2173. [PMID: 38775001 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Malnutrition is a public health epidemic mainly targeting poverty-stricken people, young ones, older people, pregnant women, and individuals with metabolic disorders. Severe malnutrition is linked with several metabolic defects, such as hepatic dysfunction, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and osteoarthritis. The proper functioning of the liver plays a crucial role in ensuring the supply of nutrients to the body. Consequently, inadequate nutrition can lead to severe periportal hepatic steatosis due to compromised mitochondrial and peroxisome functions. Reduced protein intake disrupts essential metabolic processes like the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and β-oxidation, ultimately affecting ATP production. Furthermore, this can trigger a cascade of events, including disturbances in amino acid metabolism, iron metabolism, and gut microbiota, which activate genes involved in de novo lipogenesis, leading to the accumulation of lipids in the liver. The condition, in prolonged cases, progresses to steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Limited therapeutic solutions are available; however, few dietary supplements and drugs have demonstrated positive effects on the growth and health of malnourished individuals. These supplements improve parameters such as inflammatory and oxidative status, reduce triglyceride accumulation, enhance insulin sensitivity, and downregulate gene expression in hepatic lipid metabolism. This review elucidates the various mechanisms involved in malnutrition-associated steatohepatitis and provides an overview of the available approaches for treating this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinesh Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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2
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Koda Y, Nagasaki Y. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis treated by poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(cysteine) block copolymer-based self-assembling antioxidant nanoparticles. J Control Release 2024; 370:367-378. [PMID: 38692439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), now known as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), involves oxidative stress caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Small-molecule antioxidants have not been approved for antioxidant chemotherapy because of severe adverse effects that collapse redox homeostasis, even in healthy tissues. To overcome these disadvantages, we have been developing poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(cysteine) (PEG-block-PCys)-based self-assembling polymer nanoparticles (NanoCyses), releasing Cys after in vivo degradation by endogenous enzymes, to obtain antioxidant effects without adverse effects. However, a comprehensive investigation of the effects of polymer design on therapeutic outcomes has not yet been conducted to develop our NanoCys system for antioxidant chemotherapy. In this study, we synthesized different poly(L-cysteine) (PCys) chains whose sulfanyl groups were protected by tert-butyl thiol (StBu) and butyryl (Bu) groups to change the reactivity of the side chains, affording NanoCys(SS) and NanoCys(Bu), respectively. To elucidate the importance of the polymer design, these NanoCyses were orally administered to MASH model mice as a model of oxidative stress-related diseases. Consequently, the acyl-protective NanoCys(Bu) significantly suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress compared to NanoCys(SS). Furthermore, we substantiated that shorter PCys were much better than longer PCys for therapeutic outcomes and the effects related to the liberation properties of Cys from these nanoparticles. Owing to its antioxidant functions, NanoCyses also significantly attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in the MASH mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Koda
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Master's School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Center for Research in Radiation, Isotope and Earth System Sciences (CRiES), University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; High-value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center (HBRCC), National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
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Matye D, Gunewardena S, Chen J, Wang H, Wang Y, Hasan MN, Gu L, Clayton YD, Du Y, Chen C, Friedman JE, Lu SC, Ding WX, Li T. TFEB regulates sulfur amino acid and coenzyme A metabolism to support hepatic metabolic adaptation and redox homeostasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5696. [PMID: 36171419 PMCID: PMC9519740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver is a highly heterogenous condition driven by various pathogenic factors in addition to the severity of steatosis. Protein insufficiency has been causally linked to fatty liver with incompletely defined mechanisms. Here we report that fatty liver is a sulfur amino acid insufficient state that promotes metabolic inflexibility via limiting coenzyme A availability. We demonstrate that the nutrient-sensing transcriptional factor EB synergistically stimulates lysosome proteolysis and methionine adenosyltransferase to increase cysteine pool that drives the production of coenzyme A and glutathione, which support metabolic adaptation and antioxidant defense during increased lipid influx. Intriguingly, mice consuming an isocaloric protein-deficient Western diet exhibit selective hepatic cysteine, coenzyme A and glutathione deficiency and acylcarnitine accumulation, which are reversed by cystine supplementation without normalizing dietary protein intake. These findings support a pathogenic link of dysregulated sulfur amino acid metabolism to metabolic inflexibility that underlies both overnutrition and protein malnutrition-associated fatty liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Matye
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Jianglei Chen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Huaiwen Wang
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Cytometry Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Mohammad Nazmul Hasan
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Lijie Gu
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Yung Dai Clayton
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Yanhong Du
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Cheng Chen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Shelly C Lu
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Tiangang Li
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Bauer KC, Littlejohn PT, Ayala V, Creus-Cuadros A, Finlay BB. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Gut-Liver Axis: Exploring an Undernutrition Perspective. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1858-1875.e2. [PMID: 35248539 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic condition affecting one quarter of the global population. Although primarily linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome, undernutrition and the altered (dysbiotic) gut microbiome influence NAFLD progression. Both undernutrition and NAFLD prevalence are predicted to considerably increase, but how the undernourished gut microbiome contributes to hepatic pathophysiology remains far less studied. Here, we present undernutrition conditions with fatty liver features, including kwashiorkor and micronutrient deficiency. We then review the gut microbiota-liver axis, highlighting key pathways linked to NAFLD progression within both overnutrition and undernutrition. To conclude, we identify challenges and collaborative possibilities of emerging multiomic research addressing the pathology and treatment of undernourished NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylynda C Bauer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paula T Littlejohn
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Victoria Ayala
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB-Lleida), Lleida, Spain; Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Creus-Cuadros
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Wu Z, Ma Q, Cai S, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Yi J. Rhus chinensis Mill. Fruits Ameliorate Hepatic Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder in Rats Induced by High Fat/High Sugar Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124480. [PMID: 34960032 PMCID: PMC8708379 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorder is considered as one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanisms of Rhus chinensis Mill. fruits against hepatic glycolipid metabolic disorders in rats induced by a high fat/high sugar diet. Results showed that ethanol extract, especially at a dose of 600 mg/kg b.w., could effectively ameliorate glycolipid metabolic disorders in rats. The biochemical indexes, including CAT, GSH and HOMA-IR, were significantly improved by the administration of ethanol extract. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis revealed that ethanol extract up-regulated the expression levels of PI3K/AKT, PPAR-α, and the phosphorylation of IRS1 and AMPK proteins, and down-regulated the expressions of SREBP-1 and FAS proteins in the liver, which are closely related to hepatic glycolipid metabolism. Those findings suggested that R. chinensis Mill. fruits could be developed as functional foods and/or nutraceuticals for preventing or controlling some chronic diseases related to hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuan Wu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.W.); (S.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Qingqing Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.W.); (S.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yilin Sun
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.W.); (S.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuanyue Zhang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.W.); (S.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Junjie Yi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.W.); (S.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15810687441
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Ozaki-Masuzawa Y, Kosaka H, Abiru R, Toda Y, Kawabata K, Nagata M, Hara S, Konishi M, Itoh N, Hosono T, Takenaka A, Seki T. The role of increased FGF21 in VLDL-TAG secretion and thermogenic gene expression in mice under protein malnutrition. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1104-1113. [PMID: 33751045 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein malnutrition promotes hepatic lipid accumulation in growing animals. In these animals, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) rapidly increases in the liver and circulation and plays a protective role in hepatic lipid accumulation. To investigate the mechanism by which FGF21 protects against liver lipid accumulation under protein malnutrition, we determined whether upregulated FGF21 promotes the thermogenesis or secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triacylglycerol (TAG). The results showed that protein malnutrition decreased VLDL-TAG secretion, but the upregulation of FGF21 did not oppose this effect. In addition, protein malnutrition increased expression of the thermogenic gene uncoupling protein 1 in inguinal white adipose and brown adipose tissue in an FGF21-dependent manner. However, surgically removing inguinal white adipose tissue did not affect liver triglyceride levels in protein-malnourished mice. These data suggest that FGF21 stimulates thermogenesis under protein malnutrition, but this is not the causative factor underlying the protective role of FGF21 against liver lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yori Ozaki-Masuzawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kosaka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rino Abiru
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumiko Toda
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kota Kawabata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mari Nagata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Hara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Morichika Konishi
- Laboratory of Microbial Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Hosono
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Asako Takenaka
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taiichiro Seki
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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Poon SWY, Wong WHS, Tsang AMC, Poon GWK, Tung JYL. Who should return for an oral glucose tolerance test? A proposed clinical pathway based on retrospective analysis of 332 children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:877-884. [PMID: 33866699 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fasting plasma glucose or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the traditional diagnostic tool for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, fasting is required and implementation in all overweight/obese subjects is not practical. This study aimed to formulate a clinical pathway to stratify subjects according to their risk of abnormal OGTT. METHODS This retrospective study included patients with overweight or obesity who had undergone OGTT in a tertiary paediatric unit from 2012 to 2018. The optimal haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) cutoff that predicts abnormal OGTT was evaluated. Other non-fasting parameters, in combination with this HbA1c cutoff, were also explored as predictors of abnormal OGTT. RESULTS Three hundred and thirty-two patients (boys: 54.2%, Chinese: 97.3%) were included for analysis, of which, 272 (81.9%) patients had normal OGTT while 60 (18.0%) patients had abnormal OGTT (prediabetes or T2DM). Optimal HbA1c predicting abnormal OGTT was 5.5% (AUC 0.71; sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 71%). When HbA1c≥5.5% was combined with positive family history and abnormal alanine transaminase (ALT) level, the positive predictive value for abnormal OGTT was increased from 33.6 to 61.6%. CONCLUSIONS HbA1c, family history of T2DM and ALT level could be used to derive a clinical pathway to stratify children who have high risk of abnormal OGTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wing-Yiu Poon
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wilfred Hing-Sang Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Anita Man-Ching Tsang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Grace Wing-Kit Poon
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joanna Yuet-Ling Tung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Paediatrics, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Kobayashi T, Ichimura-Shimizu M, Oya T, Ogawa H, Matsumoto M, Morimoto Y, Sumida S, Kakimoto T, Yamashita M, Sutoh M, Toyohara S, Hokao R, Cheng C, Tsuneyama K. Neonatal streptozotocin treatment rapidly causes different subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma without persistent hyperglycemia in 4CS mice fed on a normal diet. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 225:153559. [PMID: 34325313 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the underlying mechanisms have not yet to be defined. We previously reported that DIAR mice fed with standard murine diet developed type 1 diabetes and HCC at age of 16 weeks old with a neonatal streptozotocin treatment (n-STZ). Because DIAR mice did not manifest obesity nor develop steatohepatitis, hyperglycemia with streptozotocin trigger or streptozotocin alone might turn on the hepato-carcinogenesis. An insulin-recruitment to DIAR-nSTZ mice showed an increased frequency of HCC during the first 12 weeks of age, although the diabetic indications notably improved. To elucidate the role of hyperglycemia in hepato-carcinogenesis, we performed a head-to-head comparative study by using 4CS mice and DIAR mice with n-STZ treatment. Newborn 4CS mice and DIAR mice were divided into STZ treated group and control group. The blood glucose levels of DIAR-nSTZ mice increased at age of eight weeks, while that of 4CS-nSTZ mice were maintained in the normal range. At eight weeks old, three out of five DIAR-nSTZ mice (60%) and one out of ten 4CS-nSTZ mice (10%) developed multiple liver tumors. At age of 12 weeks old, all eight of DIAR-nSTZ mice (100%) and two of 10 4CS-nSTZ mice (20%) developed multiple liver tumors. At 16 weeks old, all animals of DIAR-nSTZ and 4CS-nSTZ mice occurred liver tumors. DIAR-nSTZ showed hyperglycemia and HCC, and 4CS-nSTZ developed HCC without hyperglycemia. These results were interpreted that the onset of HCC maybe not related to the presence or absence of hyperglycemia but nSTZ treatment. On the other hand, since the carcinogenesis of 4CS-nSTZ is delayed compared to DIAR-nSTZ, hyperglycemia may play a role in the progression of carcinogenesis. Histologically, the liver tumor appeared irregularly trabecular arrangements of hepatocytes with various degrees of nuclear atypia. By immunohistochemical analyses, all liver tumors showed positive staining of glutamine synthetase (GS), an established human HCC marker. The expression pattern of GS was divided into a strong diffuse pattern and weak patchy pattern, respectively. The liver tumor showing the weak GS-patchy pattern expressed biliary/stem markers, EpCAM, and SALL4, partially. Because 4CS-nSTZ mice did not show any metabolic complications such as gaining body weight or high blood glucose level, it is a unique animal model with a simple condition to investigate hepatic carcinogenesis by excluding other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Tokushima University Hospital, Division of Pathology, 2-50-1, Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Mayuko Ichimura-Shimizu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Oya
- Molecular Pathology and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Hirohisa Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Minoru Matsumoto
- Molecular Pathology and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Yuki Morimoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Sumida
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Takumi Kakimoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Michiko Yamashita
- Pathological Science and Technology and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Mitsuko Sutoh
- Institute for Animal Reproduction, 1103 Fukaya, Kasumigaura, Ibaraki 300-0134, Japan.
| | - Shunji Toyohara
- Institute for Animal Reproduction, 1103 Fukaya, Kasumigaura, Ibaraki 300-0134, Japan.
| | - Ryoji Hokao
- Institute for Animal Reproduction, 1103 Fukaya, Kasumigaura, Ibaraki 300-0134, Japan.
| | - Chunmei Cheng
- Pharmacology and Histopathology, Novo Nordisk Research Centre, China.
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Molecular Pathology and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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9
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Umezu T, Tsuneyama K, Kanekura K, Hayakawa M, Tanahashi T, Kawano M, Taguchi YH, Toyoda H, Tamori A, Kuroda M, Murakami Y. Comprehensive analysis of liver and blood miRNA in precancerous conditions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21766. [PMID: 33303811 PMCID: PMC7728755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptozotocin administration to mice (STZ-mice) induces type I diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We attempted to elucidate the carcinogenic mechanism and the miRNA expression status in the liver and blood during the precancerous state. Serum and liver tissues were collected from STZ-mice and non-treated mice (CTL-mice) at 6, 10, and 12 W. The exosome enriched fraction extracted from serum was used. Hepatic histological examination and hepatic and exosomal miRNA expression analysis were serially performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Human miRNA expression analysis of chronic hepatitis liver tissue and exosomes, which were collected before starting the antiviral treatment, were also performed. No inflammation or fibrosis was found in the liver of CTL-mice during the observation period. In STZ-mice, regeneration and inflammation of hepatocytes was found at 6 W and nodules of atypical hepatocytes were found at 10 and 12 W. In the liver tissue, during 6-12 W, the expression levels of let-7f-5p, miR-143-3p, 148a-3p, 191-5p, 192-5p, 21a-5p, 22-3p, 26a-5p, and 92a-3p was significantly increased in STZ-mice, and anti-oncogenes of their target gene candidates were down-regulated. miR-122-5p was also significantly down-regulated in STZ-mice. Fifteen exosomal miRNAs were upregulated in STZ-mice. Six miRNAs (let-7f-5p, miR-10b-5p, 143-3p, 191-5p, 21a-5p, and 26a-5p) were upregulated, similarly to human HCC cases. From the precancerous state, aberrant expression of hepatic miRNAs has already occurred, and then, it can promote carcinogenesis. In exosomes, the expression pattern of common miRNAs between mice and humans before carcinogenesis was observed and can be expected to be developed as a cancer predictive marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Umezu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku 6-1-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kanekura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku 6-1-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Michiyo Hayakawa
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuoki Kawano
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Life Science, Chugokugakuen University, Okayama, 701-0197, Japan
| | - Y-H Taguchi
- Department of Physics, Chuo University, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, 503-8502, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tamori
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku 6-1-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakami
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku 6-1-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
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Yanagita T, Tsuge K, Koga M, Inoue N, Nagao K. Eicosapentaenoic acid-containing polar lipids from seaweed Susabinori (Pyropia yezoensis) alleviate hepatic steatosis in obese db/db mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 691:108486. [PMID: 32710880 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as the most common liver disease in industrialized countries. Because hepatic steatosis is an early pathogenesis of NAFLD, the discovery of food components that could ameliorate hepatic steatosis is of interest. Susabinori (Pyropia yezoensis) is recognized as one of the most delicious edible brown algae, and we prepared lipid component of susabinori (SNL), which is rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-containing polar lipids. In this study, we tested whether feeding SNL to db/db mice protects them from developing obesity-induced hepatic steatosis. After four weeks of feeding, hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis, and hepatic injury were markedly alleviated in SNL-fed db/db mice. These effects were partly attributable to the suppression of activities and mRNA expressions of lipogenic enzymes and enhanced levels of adiponectin due to the SNL diet. Additionally, mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, an inflammatory chemokine, was markedly suppressed, and the mRNA levels of PPARδ, the anti-inflammatory transcription factor, were strongly enhanced in the livers of db/db mice by the SNL diet. We speculate that the development and progression of obesity-induced hepatic steatosis was prevented by the suppression of chronic inflammation due to the combination of bioactivities of EPA, phospholipids, and glycolipids in the SNL diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Department of Biological Resource Science, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan; Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nishikyushu University, Kanzaki, 842-8585, Japan; Saga Regional Industry Support Center, Saga, 849-0932, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tsuge
- Industrial Technology Center of Saga, Saga, 849-0932, Japan
| | - Misato Koga
- Department of Biological Resource Science, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Nao Inoue
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Nagao
- Department of Biological Resource Science, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan.
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11
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Fanin A, Miele L, Bertolini E, Giorgini A, Pontiroli AE, Benetti A. Liver alterations in anorexia nervosa are not caused by insulin resistance. Intern Emerg Med 2020; 15:337-339. [PMID: 31734856 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-019-02227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver dysfunction has been widely reported in connection with anorexia nervosa (AN) but the pathogenesis of these alterations has never been fully understood despite reported theories about the presence of insulin resistance (IR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study is to investigate if hypertransaminasemia in AN is linked to IR and NAFLD. METHODS Anthropometric data and laboratory exams of 34 patients and 34 controls were analyzed, including alanine-aminotransferase, aspartate-aminotransferase and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. All subjects also underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography (US), and transient elastography (TE). RESULTS Evidence of increased alanine aminotransferase in AN patients was confirmed in our sample together with a lower HOMA-IR index compared to controls. Positive results in US appeared in 16 patients vs none in controls (p = 0.0007); patients with liver parenchyma abnormalities in US were not different than normal-US patients in any of the studied variables. Only one patient showed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in MRI while abnormal TE was found in four patients and never in controls. CONCLUSIONS Liver damage suggested by increased serum liver enzymes cannot be due to liver steatosis but potentially to a different liver disease (not identified by MRI) or to an early liver fibrosis not associated with an insulin-resistant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Fanin
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Ospedale San Paolo, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy.
| | - Lucia Miele
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Ospedale San Paolo, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bertolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Ospedale San Paolo, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Giorgini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Ospedale San Paolo, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Ettore Pontiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Ospedale San Paolo, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Benetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Ospedale San Paolo, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy
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12
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Molecular characterization and tissue distribution of SREBP-1 and PPARα in Onychostoma macrolepis and their mRNA expressions in response to thermal exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 230:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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McNeice A, Scott R, Rafferty GP, Cash WJ, Turner GB. The hepatobiliary complications of malnutrition and nutritional support in adults. Ir J Med Sci 2018; 188:109-117. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-018-1836-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5202684. [PMID: 29379799 PMCID: PMC5742888 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5202684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is two to three times higher in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), the prevalence of which is increasing sharply worldwide. The purpose of this review was to describe clinical links between DM and HCC and potential biological mechanisms that may account for this association. We evaluated the role of potential pathways that could account for the development of HCC with different etiologies in the presence of DM. In addition, we also briefly discuss the potential effect of other factors such as type and dosage of antidiabetic medicines and duration of DM on HCC risk.
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15
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Hamza RT, Elfaramawy AA, Mahmoud NH. Serum Pentraxin 3 Fragment as a Noninvasive Marker of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children and Adolescents. Horm Res Paediatr 2017; 86:11-20. [PMID: 27309736 DOI: 10.1159/000446566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS It was suggested that serum pentraxin 3 (PTX3) levels could differentiate obese children with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from those with simple steatosis. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of serum PTX3 fragment levels in the diagnosis of NASH and the assessment of its severity in obese children with suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Fifty obese children were compared to 25 matched controls. All were subjected to history taking, anthropometric measurements, and abdominal ultrasonography, as well as laboratory assessments of liver functions, fasting lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, fasting glucose/insulin ratio, and serum PTX3. RESULTS PTX3 was higher in obese cases than controls (p = 0.0001). Eighty percent of the cases had NAFLD with progressive increases in PTX3 levels as the severity of fatty liver increased (p = 0.0001). Moreover, PTX3 was higher in cases with elevated liver enzymes (3.205 ± 0.77 U/l) than those with normal liver enzymes (2.77 + 0.69 U/l, p < 0.0001). A cutoff value of 3.03 U/l differentiated fatty liver from NASH with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 86%. CONCLUSION Noninvasive monitoring of serum PTX3 fragment levels in obese patients with suspected NAFLD may be used as a reliable tool for differentiating NASH from simple fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Tarif Hamza
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Carroll RE, Benedetti E, Schowalter JP, Buchman AL. Management and Complications of Short Bowel Syndrome: an Updated Review. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2016; 18:40. [PMID: 27324885 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-016-0511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is defined as loss of bowel mass from surgical resection, congenital defects, or disease. Intestinal failure (IF) includes the subset of SBS unable to meet nutrition needs with enteral supplements and requires parenteral nutrition (PN). The parenteral treatment of SBS is now a half-century old. Recent pharmacologic treatment (GLP-2 analogues) has begun to make a significant impact in the care and ultimate management of these patients such that the possibility of reducing PN requirements in formerly PN-dependent patients is a now a real possibility. Finally, newer understanding and possible treatment for some of the complications related to IF have more recently evolved and will be an emphasis of this report. This review will focus on developments over the last 10 years with the goal of updating the reader to new advances in our understanding of the care and feeding of the SBS patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Carroll
- Intestinal Rehabilitation and Transplant Center, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago and Chicago Veterans Administration Medical Center (West Side Division), 840 South Wood Street (M/C 787), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Enrico Benedetti
- Intestinal Rehabilitation and Transplant Center, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago and Chicago Veterans Administration Medical Center (West Side Division), 840 South Wood Street (M/C 787), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Joseph P Schowalter
- Intestinal Rehabilitation and Transplant Center, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago and Chicago Veterans Administration Medical Center (West Side Division), 840 South Wood Street (M/C 787), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Alan L Buchman
- Intestinal Rehabilitation and Transplant Center, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago and Chicago Veterans Administration Medical Center (West Side Division), 840 South Wood Street (M/C 787), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Kim S, Park S, Kim B, Kwon J. Toll-like receptor 7 affects the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27849. [PMID: 27279075 PMCID: PMC4899790 DOI: 10.1038/srep27849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a possible link between toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and liver disease was suggested, although it was limited to fibrosis. Based on this report, we investigated whether TLR7 has a pivotal role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The TLR7 signaling pathway, which is activated by imiquimod (TLR7 ligand) naturally, induced autophagy and released insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) into medium from hepatocytes. Lipid accumulation induced by unsaturated fatty acid (UFA; arachidonic acid:oleic acid = 1:1) in hepatocytes, was attenuated in TLR7 and autophagy activation. Interestingly, TLR7 activation attenuated UFA-induced lipid peroxidation products, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal (4-HNE). To clarify a possible pathway between TLR7 and lipid peroxidation, we treated hepatocytes with MDA and 4-HNE. MDA and 4-HNE induced 2-folds lipid accumulation in UFA-treated hepatocytes via blockade of the TLR7 signaling pathway's IGF-1 release compared to only UFA-treated hepatocytes. In vivo experiments carried out with TLR7 knockout mice produced results consistent with in vitro experiments. In conclusion, TLR7 prevents progression of NAFLD via induced autophagy and released IGF-1 from liver. These findings suggest a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokho Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobongro, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Surim Park
- Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobongro, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobongro, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkee Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobongro, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
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18
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Wang Y, Zhao L, Wang D, Huo Y, Ji B. Anthocyanin-rich extracts from blackberry, wild blueberry, strawberry, and chokeberry: antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on oleic acid-induced hepatic steatosis in vitro. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:2494-2503. [PMID: 26250597 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information is available regarding the relationship between the chemical structures and inhibitory effects of anthocyanin (ACN) on triglyceride (TG) overaccumulation. Thus this study investigated the antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect of blackberry, wild blueberry, strawberry, and chokeberry ACN-rich extracts, with different structural characteristics, on oleic acid-induced hepatic steatosis in vitro. Four major ACNs from these berries, with different aglycones, namely cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy-3-glu), delphinidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, and malvidin-3-glucoside, were also investigated. RESULTS Blackberry ACN-rich extract exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect on TG clearance (30.5% ± 3.4%) and reactive oxygen species generation. TG clearance was significantly correlated with total phenolic content (r = 0.991, P < 0.05) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity value (r = 0.961, P < 0.05). Furthermore, Cy-3-glu showed the highest inhibitory effect on intracellular TG overaccumulation, with a maximum TG clearance of 61.3% at 40 µg mL(-1) . CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the inhibitory effects of different ACNs on oleic acid-induced hepatic steatosis significantly vary. Cy-3-glu, which contains the ortho hydroxyl group in its B ring, possibly confers the protective effects of antioxidants and inhibits TG accumulation in HepG2 cells. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhen Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoping Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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Imaeda M, Tanaka S, Fujishiro H, Kato S, Ishigami M, Kawano N, Katayama H, Kohmura K, Ando M, Nishioka K, Ozaki N. Risk factors for elevated liver enzymes during refeeding of severely malnourished patients with eating disorders: a retrospective cohort study. J Eat Disord 2016; 4:37. [PMID: 27980772 PMCID: PMC5142434 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-016-0127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few previous reports regarding the cause and evolution of liver injury in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) during the refeeding process, and its management remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for elevated liver enzymes during refeeding and their effect on the therapeutic process in severely malnourished patients with eating disorders. METHODS In a retrospective cohort study of 167 female inpatients in a single hospital from January 2004 to March 2015, 67 who had normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels on admission were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of elevated ALT levels during refeeding, and then compared. RESULTS The median age and body mass index (BMI) of the patients on admission were 22 [interquartile range (IQR), 16-33] years and 12.2 (IQR, 11.1-13.0) kg/m2, respectively. Compared with their cohorts, significantly more patients in the early onset age group (<15 years old) had elevated ALT levels during refeeding (67% vs. 33%, p = 0.033), as did patients with longer median time to nadir BMI (3.0 vs. 0 days, p = 0.03). In addition, onset age [odds ratio (OR): 0.274; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.077-0.981; p = 0.047] and time to nadir BMI (OR: 1.271; 95% CI: 1.035-1.56; p = 0.022) were significantly associated with the odds of elevated ALT levels during refeeding. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that early age at onset may be a potential risk factor for elevated ALT levels during refeeding in severely malnourished patients with eating disorders. Furthermore, elevated ALT levels during refeeding were significantly associated with delay in the start of weight gain. No significant relationship was found between the amount of initial prescribed calories and elevated ALT levels during refeeding. The median time to maximum ALT was 27 (IQR, 21-38) days after the refeeding process started.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Imaeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan ; Sakura Clinic, 5-6 Dankeidori, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-0842 Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
| | - Hiroshige Fujishiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
| | - Saki Kato
- Saku Central Hospital, 197 Usuda, Saku, Nagano 384-0301 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
| | - Naoko Kawano
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hiroto Katayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Yoshida, Fukui 910-1104 Japan
| | - Kunihiro Kohmura
- Seichiryo Hospital, 16-27 Tsurumai 4, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-0064 Japan
| | - Masahiko Ando
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
| | - Kazuo Nishioka
- National Hospital Organization Higashi Owari National Hospital, 1301 Omorikita 2, Moriyama, Nagoya, Aichi 463-0802 Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
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Wang G, Bonkovsky HL, de Lemos A, Burczynski FJ. Recent insights into the biological functions of liver fatty acid binding protein 1. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2238-47. [PMID: 26443794 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r056705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over four decades have passed since liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP)1 was first isolated. There are few protein families for which most of the complete tertiary structures, binding properties, and tissue occurrences are described in such detail and yet new functions are being uncovered for this protein. FABP1 is known to be critical for fatty acid uptake and intracellular transport and also has an important role in regulating lipid metabolism and cellular signaling pathways. FABP1 is an important endogenous cytoprotectant, minimizing hepatocyte oxidative damage and interfering with ischemia-reperfusion and other hepatic injuries. The protein may be targeted for metabolic activation through the cross-talk among many transcriptional factors and their activating ligands. Deficiency or malfunction of FABP1 has been reported in several diseases. FABP1 also influences cell proliferation during liver regeneration and may be considered as a prognostic factor for hepatic surgery. FABP1 binds and modulates the action of many molecules such as fatty acids, heme, and other metalloporphyrins. The ability to bind heme is another cytoprotective property and one that deserves closer investigation. The role of FABP1 in substrate availability and in protection from oxidative stress suggests that FABP1 plays a pivotal role during intracellular bacterial/viral infections by reducing inflammation and the adverse effects of starvation (energy deficiency).
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Affiliation(s)
- GuQi Wang
- Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC
| | - Herbert L Bonkovsky
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Andrew de Lemos
- Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC
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Hamza N, Berke B, Cheze C, Marais S, Lorrain S, Abdouelfath A, Lassalle R, Carles D, Gin H, Moore N. Effect of Centaurium erythraea Rafn, Artemisia herba-alba Asso and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. on liver fat accumulation in C57BL/6J mice with high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 171:4-11. [PMID: 26023031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Centaurium erythraea Rafn (CE), Artemisia herba-alba Asso (AHA) and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (TFG) are traditionally used to treat type 2 diabetes in Algeria, previous studies have found that extracts of these plants were effective to treat or prevent experimental diabetes induced by high-fat diet (HFD). AIM OF THE STUDY Describe the additional effects of these extracts on lipid tissue deposition in HFD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with HFD to induce type 2 Diabetes. Groups of mice were given plant extracts orally at 2g/kg/bodyweight daily for 20 weeks during establishment of diabetes, or for 18 weeks after confirmation of diabetes at the 17th week. Liver and other tissue samples were stained with Oil Red O. RESULTS Liver steatosis was confirmed with HFD. CE, AHA and TFG extracts improved liver steatosis by the end of the preventive (20 weeks) and curative periods (35 weeks). This was most marked for CE extract (p<0.05), less so with TFG and AHA. No steatosis was found in other tissues. CONCLUSION CE extract had a clear hepatoprotective effect in this mouse model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes. AHA and TFG had a minimal or no significant effect on steatosis. Beyond its effect as an antidiabetic agent, CE may also be promising to prevent or treat non-alcoholic liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Hamza
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Département de Nutrition, Université des frères Mentouri, INATAA, Constantine, Algerie.
| | - Bénédicte Berke
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Cheze
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sébastien Marais
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Simon Lorrain
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Regis Lassalle
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dominique Carles
- Unité de pathologie fœtoplacentaire, Université de Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Henri Gin
- Service de Nutrition Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU de Bordeaux, Haut-Levèque, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicholas Moore
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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Kalish BT, Fell GL, Nandivada P, Puder M. Clinically Relevant Mechanisms of Lipid Synthesis, Transport, and Storage. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2015; 39:8S-17S. [PMID: 26187937 DOI: 10.1177/0148607115595974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipids not only are fundamental nutrients but also serve as basic structural components of cells and as multifunctional signaling molecules. Lipid metabolism pathways underlie basic processes in health and disease and are the targets of novel therapeutics. In this review, we explore the molecular control of lipid synthesis, trafficking, and storage, with a focus on clinically relevant pathways. To illustrate the clinical relevance of molecular lipid regulation, we highlight how these biochemical processes contribute to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a component of the metabolic syndrome and a paradigmatic example of lipid dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Kalish
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gillian L Fell
- Department of Surgery and The Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Prathima Nandivada
- Department of Surgery and The Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Puder
- Department of Surgery and The Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Minato T, Tsutsumi M, Tsuchishima M, Hayashi N, Saito T, Matsue Y, Toshikuni N, Arisawa T, George J. Binge alcohol consumption aggravates oxidative stress and promotes pathogenesis of NASH from obesity-induced simple steatosis. Mol Med 2014; 20:490-502. [PMID: 25180626 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a two-stage process in which steatosis is the "first hit" and an unknown "second hit." We hypothesized that "a binge" could be a "second hit" to develop NASH from obesity-induced simple steatosis. Thirty-week-old male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats were administered 10 mL of 10% ethanol orally for 5, 3, 2, and 1 d/wk for 3 consecutive weeks. As control, male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima (OLET) rats were administered the same amount of alcohol. Various biochemical parameters of obesity, steatosis and NASH were monitored in serum and liver specimens in untreated and ethanol-treated rats. The liver sections were evaluated for histopathological alterations of NASH and stained for cytochrome P-4502E1 (CYP2E1) and 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4-HNE). Simple steatosis, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglycemia and marked increases in hepatic CYP2E1 and 4-HNE were present in 30-wk-old untreated OLETF rats. Massive steatohepatitis with hepatocyte ballooning was observed in the livers of all OLETF rats treated with ethanol. Serum and hepatic triglyceride levels as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA were markedly increased in all ethanol-treated OLETF rats. Staining for CYP2E1 and 4-NHE demonstrated marked increases in the hepatic tissue of all the groups of OLETF rats treated with ethanol compared with OLET rats. Our data demonstrated that "a binge" serves as a "second hit" for development of NASH from obesity-induced simple steatosis through aggravation of oxidative stress. The enhanced levels of CYP2E1 and increased oxidative stress in obesity play a significant role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Minato
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Tsutsumi
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Tsuchishima
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsue
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Toshikuni
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomiyasu Arisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Joseph George
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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External application of the volatile oil from Blumea balsamifera may be safe for liver--a study on its chemical composition and hepatotoxicity. Molecules 2014; 19:18479-92. [PMID: 25401394 PMCID: PMC6271708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ainaxiang (Blumea balsamifera), also known as Sambong, is an important ancient medicinal herb in Southeast Asia. It is rich in volatile oil, and still widely used nowadays for skin wound healing and treatment of sore throats. We analyzed the volatile oil from Blumea balsamifera (BB oil) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty one components, including l-borneol, were identified. Next, the damaging effects of BB oil diluted with olive oil on liver at different concentrations (100%, 50%, 20%), were evaluated, using both normal and wounded skin. Plasma ALT, AST, ALP and TBili were assessed, along with liver histopathology. The results showed that serum levels of liver toxicity markers in the high concentration groups (100% w/v) increased compared with control groups, whereas no significant changes was observed in histopathology of liver samples. In the wound groups, treatment with BB oil resulted in a decrease in serum toxicity index, compared with normal animal groups. This study confirms the safety of short term BB oil consumption, though high BB oil doses may lead to mild liver injury and this response might be weakened in the case of cutaneous wounds. These results are expected to be helpful for guiding appropriate therapeutic use of BB oil.
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Effects of Lotus Root (the Edible Rhizome ofNelumbo nucifera) on the Deveolopment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Diabeticdb/dbMice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:462-6. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver: Should We Care? CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-014-0384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kamiński JP, Maker VK, Maker AV. Management of Patients with Abdominal Malignancy after Remote Jejunoileal Bypass: Surgical Considerations Decades Later. J Am Coll Surg 2013; 217:929-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Saleh IG, Ali Z, Abe N, Wilson FD, Hamada FM, Abd-Ellah MF, Walker LA, Khan IA, Ashfaq MK. Effect of green tea and its polyphenols on mouse liver. Fitoterapia 2013; 90:151-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Meczekalski B, Podfigurna-Stopa A, Katulski K. Long-term consequences of anorexia nervosa. Maturitas 2013; 75:215-20. [PMID: 23706279 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder that occurs mainly in female adolescents and young women. The obsessive fear of weight gain, critically limited food intake and neuroendocrine aberrations characteristic of AN have both short- and long-term consequences for the reproductive, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and skeletal systems. Neuroendocrine changes include impairment of gonadotropin releasing-hormone (GnRH) pulsatile secretion and changes in neuropeptide activity at the hypothalamic level, which cause profound hypoestrogenism. AN is related to a decrease in bone mass density, which can lead to osteopenia and osteoporosis and a significant increase in fracture risk in later life. Rates of birth complications and low birth weight may be higher in women with previous AN. The condition is associated with fertility problems, unplanned pregnancies and generally negative attitudes to pregnancy. During pregnancy, women with the condition have higher rates of hyperemesis gravidarum, anaemia and obstetric complications, as well as impaired weight gain and compromised intrauterine foetal growth. It is reported that 80% of AN patients are affected by a cardiac complications such as sinus bradycardia, a prolonged QT interval on electrocardiography, arrythmias, myocardial mass modification and hypotension. A decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) is one of the most important medical consequences of AN. Reduced BMD may subsequently lead to a three- to seven-fold increased risk of spontaneous fractures. Untreated AN is associated with a significant increase in the risk of death. Better detection and sophisticated therapy should prevent the long-term consequences of this disorder. The aims of treatment are not only recovery but also prophylaxis and relief of the long-term effects of this disorder. Further investigations of the long-term disease risk are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blazej Meczekalski
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, Poznan, Poland.
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is defined histopathologically by the presence of macrovesicular steatosis, cellular ballooning, and inflammation. NASH represents a complex multifactorial disease that typically occurs within the context of the metabolic syndrome. NASH lacks homogeneity, and other forms of NASH can present atypically. Less than 50% of patients with NASH respond to pharmacologic treatment, which speaks to this heterogeneity. The authors discuss drugs, disease entities, and nutritional states that can cause or exacerbate underlying NASH indirectly through worsening insulin resistance or directly by interfering with lipid metabolism, promoting oxidative injury, or activating inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Larrain
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Tsuruta Y, Nagao K, Kai S, Tsuge K, Yoshimura T, Koganemaru K, Yanagita T. Polyphenolic extract of lotus root (edible rhizome of Nelumbo nucifera) alleviates hepatic steatosis in obese diabetic db/db mice. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:202. [PMID: 22067945 PMCID: PMC3228742 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as the most common liver disease of industrialized countries. Thus, discovering food components that can ameliorate NAFLD is of interest. Lotus root, the edible rhizome of Nelumbo nucifera, contains high levels of polyphenolic compounds, and several health-promoting properties of lotus root have been reported. In this study, we tested whether feeding a polyphenolic extract of lotus root to db/db mice protects them from hepatic steatosis. Results After 3 weeks of feeding, the hepatomegaly and hepatic triglyceride accumulation were markedly alleviated in the lotus polyphenol-diet-fed db/db mice relative to the control mice. Although the lipolytic enzyme activity was not changed, the activities of lipogenic enzymes, such as fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme, were significantly lower in the lotus polyphenol diet-fed db/db mice. Additionally, the ESI-IT/MS and MALDI-TOF MS spectra revealed the presence of B-type proanthocyanidin polymers with polymerization degree up to 9 in the polyphenolic lotus root extract. Conclusion We speculate that the condensed tannins contained in lotus root can alleviate hepatic steatosis by suppressing the lipogenic enzyme activity in the livers of db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Tsuruta
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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Prognostic role of diabetes mellitus in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative treatments: a meta-analysis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2011; 10:346-55. [PMID: 21813381 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(11)60059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic role of diabetes mellitus (DM) coexisting with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. To clarify its impact on survival in HCC patients after curative treatments, a meta-analysis was performed. DATA SOURCES Eligible studies were identified through multiple search strategies in the databases PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and ACP Journal Club between January 1950 and March 2010. Ten studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and data were aggregated comparing overall survival and recurrence-free survival in HCC patients according to DM status. RESULTS The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) estimate for overall survival was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.18-1.51; P<0.0001) and for recurrence-free survival was 1.48 (95% CI, 1.00-2.18; P<0.0001), showing a worse survival for HCC with coexisting DM. However, the patients with DM had a shorter survival time in HCV-related HCC (HR=1.71; 95% CI, 1.10-2.66; P=0.016), while HBV-related cases were not significantly different (HR=1.29; 95% CI, 0.69-2.40; P=0.182). Meanwhile, the coexistence of DM impaired overall survival in HCC patients with a small tumor burden (HR=1.63; 95% CI, 1.25-2.12; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION HCC patients with coexisting DM have a shorter survival time and a higher risk for tumor recurrence after curative treatments, while the precise value should be defined in more clinical trials with consistent methodology, especially prospective studies.
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Protective effects of fractional extracts from Panellus serotinus on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese, diabetic db/db mice. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:639-46. [PMID: 21787451 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as the most common liver disease in industrialised countries. Various mushrooms have been used in Eastern folk medicine for the treatment of lifestyle diseases. We previously found that the dietary intake of powdered whole Panellus serotinus (Mukitake) alleviates NAFLD in obese, diabetic db/db mice. In the present study, we investigated the influence of Mukitake fractional extracts on the development of NAFLD in db/db mice. A significant reduction in the hepatic TAG content, macrovesicular hepatocytes and activities of key enzymes for de novo synthesis of the fatty acid was observed in both the water-soluble Mukitake extract (WE) diet and the ethanol-soluble Mukitake extract (EE) diet groups compared with the control diet group of the db/db mice. The serum level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which is known to exacerbate insulin resistance, was significantly decreased in the WE group. On the other hand, the serum level of adiponectin, which plays a protective role against the metabolic syndrome, was significantly increased in the EE group. Additionally, differential analysis between Mukitake and Shiitake, mycelia from the same family, using liquid chromatography time-of-flight MS technology revealed that only seven and five compounds exist in WE and EE from Mukitake, respectively. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that Mukitake displays at least two different physiological actions that alleviate NAFLD: one through the reduction in inflammatory damage by its suppression in MCP-1 production and the other through an increase in level of serum adiponectin and the prevention of visceral fat accumulation.
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Kim LJ, Nalls MA, Eiriksdottir G, Sigurdsson S, Launer LJ, Koster A, Chaves PHM, Jonsdottir B, Garcia M, Gudnason V, Harris TB. Associations of visceral and liver fat with the metabolic syndrome across the spectrum of obesity: the AGES-Reykjavik study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:1265-71. [PMID: 21183935 PMCID: PMC3081537 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a key pathogenic fat depot in the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but liver fat (LF) may also play an important role. We evaluated associations of VAT and LF with MetS in normal weight, overweight, and obese men and women (BMI <25, 25-29.9, and ≥30 kg/m2, respectively). This analysis included 2,495 participants from the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik study with computed tomography measurements for VAT and LF. MetS was defined by ≥3 of the following: larger abdominal circumference, hypertension, elevated triglyceride (TG), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and microalbuminuria. We estimated the odds of MetS per 1-s.d. increase in VAT and LF, adjusting for key covariates. VAT was associated with an increased odds of MetS in normal weight, overweight, and obese women (odds ratios (OR) = 2.78, 1.63, and 1.43, respectively; all P < 0.01) that diminished in magnitude with increasing BMI (VAT × BMI class interaction P < 0.001). In men, VAT was related to MetS only among the overweight (OR = 1.69, P < 0.01). LF was associated with MetS in the overweight and obese groups in women (OR = 1.38 and 1.45; both P < 0.001) and in men (OR = 1.38, P = 0.01; and OR = 1.27, P = 0.10), but not in the normal weight groups. These BMI-specific relationships persisted when both fat depots were included in the model. VAT and LF were associated with MetS independently of each other, and these relationships were modified by BMI class such that, VAT was the more important depot at lower levels of obesity and LF at higher levels. Importantly, fatty liver may be a novel metabolic risk factor in overweight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Kim
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Pan Z, Wang J, Tang H, Li L, Lv J, Han C, Xia L, Xu F. Effects of linoleate on cell viability and lipid metabolic homeostasis in goose primary hepatocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 159:113-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Inoue N, Nagao K, Sakata K, Yamano N, Gunawardena PER, Han SY, Matsui T, Nakamori T, Furuta H, Takamatsu K, Yanagita T. Screening of soy protein-derived hypotriglyceridemic di-peptides in vitro and in vivo. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:85. [PMID: 21600040 PMCID: PMC3116501 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soy protein and soy peptides have attracted considerable attention because of their potentially beneficial biological properties, including antihypertensive, anticarcinogenic, and hypolipidemic effects. Although soy protein isolate contains several bioactive peptides that have distinct physiological activities in lipid metabolism, it is not clear which peptide sequences are responsible for the triglyceride (TG)-lowering effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of soy protein-derived peptides on lipid metabolism, especially TG metabolism, in HepG2 cells and obese Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats. Results In the first experiment, we found that soy crude peptide (SCP)-LD3, which was prepared by hydrolyze of soy protein isolate with endo-type protease, showed hypolipidemic effects in HepG2 cells and OLETF rats. In the second experiment, we found that hydrophilic fraction, separated from SCP-LD3 with hydrophobic synthetic absorbent, revealed lipid-lowering effects in HepG2 cells and OLETF rats. In the third experiment, we found that Fraction-C (Frc-C) peptides, fractionated from hydrophilic peptides by gel permeation chromatography-high performance liquid chromatography, significantly reduced TG synthesis and apolipoprotein B (apoB) secretion in HepG2 cells. In the fourth experiment, we found that the fraction with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, isolated from Frc-C peptides by octadecylsilyl column chromatography, showed hypolipidemic effects in HepG2 cells. In the final experiment, we found that 3 di-peptides, Lys-Ala, Val-Lys, and Ser-Tyr, reduced TG synthesis, and Ser-Tyr additionally reduced apoB secretion in HepG2 cells. Conclusion Novel active peptides with TG-lowering effects from soy protein have been isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Inoue
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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Pan Z, Wang J, Kang B, Lu L, Han C, Tang H, Li L, Xu F, Zhou Z, Lv J. Screening and identification of differentially expressed genes in goose hepatocytes exposed to free fatty acid. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:1482-92. [PMID: 20872794 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The overaccumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes induces hepatic steatosis; however, little is known about the mechanism of goose hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to define an experimental model of hepatocellular steatosis with TG overaccumulation and minimal cytotoxicity, using a mixture of various proportions of oleate and palmitate free fatty acids (FFAs) to induce fat-overloading, then using suppressive subtractive hybridization and a quantitative PCR approach to identify genes with higher or lower expression levels after the treatment of cells with FFA mixtures. Overall, 502 differentially expressed clones, representing 21 novel genes and 87 known genes, were detected by SSH. Based on functional clustering, up- and down-regulated genes were mostly related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, enzyme activity and signal transduction. The expression of 20 selected clones involved with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism pathways was further studied by quantitative PCR. The data indicated that six clones similar to the genes ChREBP, FoxO1, apoB, IHPK2, KIF1B, and FSP27, which participate in de novo synthesis of fatty acid and secretion of very low density lipoproteins, had significantly lower expression levels in the hepatocytes treated with FFA mixtures. Meanwhile, 13 clones similar to the genes DGAT-1, ACSL1, DHRS7, PPARα, L-FABP, DGAT-2, PCK, ACSL3, CPT-1, A-FABP, PPARβ, MAT, and ALDOB had significantly higher expression levels in the hepatocytes treated with FFA mixtures. These results suggest that several metabolic pathways are altered in goose hepatocytes, which may be useful for further research into the molecular mechanism of goose hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
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Ma RCW, Liu KH, Lam PM, Cheung LP, Tam WH, Ko GTC, Chan MHM, Ho CS, Lam CWK, Chu WCW, Tong PCY, So WY, Chan JCN, Chow CC. Sonographic measurement of mesenteric fat predicts presence of fatty liver among subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:799-807. [PMID: 21190980 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Visceral fat is believed to be important in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and fatty liver. In this study, we examined the relationship between mesenteric fat thickness and other sonographic indices of adiposity and the presence of fatty liver among subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 117 Chinese subjects with PCOS were evaluated (mean age, 28.6 ± 6.5 yr; mean body mass index, 24.3 ± 5.3 kg/m(2)). Anthropometric measurements and metabolic risk profile, including a standard oral glucose tolerance test, were assessed in all subjects. All subjects underwent an ultrasound examination for measurement of thickness of mesenteric, preperitoneal, and sc fat as well as evaluation for fatty liver. RESULTS Forty-six (39.3%) of the subjects had fatty liver. PCOS subjects with fatty liver had higher body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and systolic blood pressure; a more unfavorable lipid profile with higher triglyceride; lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; higher fasting glucose and insulin; higher 2-h glucose during oral glucose tolerance test; lower SHBG; and higher alanine aminotransferase. Subjects with fatty liver had increased thickness of preperitoneal, mesenteric, and sc fat, as well as increased carotid intima-media thickness. Abdominal fat thickness showed moderate correlation to alanine aminotransferase as well as fasting insulin. On multivariate logistic regression, fasting insulin and mesenteric fat thickness were identified as independent predictors of fatty liver among subjects with PCOS. CONCLUSION Fatty liver is present in a significant proportion of Chinese patients with PCOS. Sonographic measurement of mesenteric fat is an independent determinant of fatty liver among subjects with PCOS and identifies subjects at increased cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Cai S, Huang C, Ji B, Zhou F, Wise ML, Zhang D, Yang P. In vitro antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect, on oleic acid-induced hepatic steatosis, of fractions and subfractions from oat (Avena sativa L.) ethanol extract. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cao DS, Wang B, Zeng MM, Liang YZ, Xu QS, Zhang LX, Li HD, Hu QN. A new strategy of exploring metabolomics data using Monte Carlo tree. Analyst 2011; 136:947-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00383b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Effects of palmitic acid on lipid metabolism homeostasis and apoptosis in goose primary hepatocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 350:39-46. [PMID: 21152956 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that not only does palmitic acid promote triglyceride (TG) accumulation, but it also affects cell viability in in vitro steatosis models. However, to what degree these effects are mediated by steatosis in goose primary hepatocytes is unknown. In this study, the effects of palmitic acid on the lipid metabolism homeostasis pathway and on apoptosis were determined. The authors measured the mRNA levels of genes involved in TG synthesis, lipid deposition, fatty acid oxidation and the assembly and secretion of VLDL-TG in goose primary hepatocytes. The results indicated that palmitic acid can significantly reduce the activity of goose hepatocytes, and that palmitic acid had a significant effect on TG accumulation; however, with increasing palmitic acid concentrations, the extracellular TG and extracellular VLDL concentration gradually decreased. With increasing palmitic acid concentrations, the gene expression levels of DGAT1, DGAT2, PPARα, CPT-1, FoxO1 and MTTP (which regulate hepatic TG synthesis, fatty acid oxidation and the assembly and secretion of VLDL-TGs) first increased and then decreased; the change in PLIN gene expression was palmitic acid dose-dependent, similar to the regulatory mode of intracellular TG accumulation. In conclusion, this study clearly shows that palmitic acid can promote TG accumulation and induce apoptosis in goose primary hepatocytes, and this effect may be related to the lipid metabolism pathway.
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Fernández-Real JM, Ortega F, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Salvador J, Frühbeck G, Ricart W. Circulating osteocalcin concentrations are associated with parameters of liver fat infiltration and increase in parallel to decreased liver enzymes after weight loss. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:2101-7. [PMID: 20204603 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY The expression of liver genes was associated with insulin action in osteocalcin knockout mice. Our findings suggest that osteocalcin may play a role in the development of insulin resistance-associated fatty liver disease. INTRODUCTION The expression of insulin target genes was decreased in the liver of mice lacking osteocalcin. We aimed to explore the association of liver enzymes with osteocalcin. METHODS The associations were evaluated in a cross-sectional study (266 men) and following weight loss in 28 obese subjects (nine male, 19 females). RESULTS In the cross-sectional study, circulating osteocalcin concentration was negatively associated with alanine transaminase (ALT) (p = 0.002) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels (p = 0.008). These associations were especially significant in non-obese subjects (n = 191). In a multiple linear regression analysis, age (p = 0.008), insulin sensitivity (p = 0.001), and osteocalcin (p = 0.04) independently contributed to 22% of ALT variance in these latter subjects. In the weight loss study, the increase in circulating osteocalcin concentration (+70.6 ± 29.3 vs. +32 ± 13.5%, p = 0.021) was significantly greater in subjects with the highest decrease in ALT levels, despite similar baseline BMI, insulin resistance and degree of weight loss than remaining subjects. In fact, the change in ALT levels were linearly associated with those of osteocalcin (r = -0.55, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings suggest a bone-liver axis in which osteocalcin might be the active regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi) CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición CB06/03/010, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Giordano F, Arnone S, Santeusanio F, Pampanelli S. Brief elevation of hepatic enzymes due to liver ischemia in anorexia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord 2010; 15:e294-7. [PMID: 21406954 DOI: 10.1007/bf03325312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal liver function is occasionally observed in patients affected by anorexia nervosa. Although numerous studies report a strong relation between malnutrition and liver damage, the pathogenesis remains still unclear. We describe a case of a young girl with severe anorexia nervosa who developed acute liver damage with multiorgan involvement during extremely poor nutritional status. In this patient severe malnutrition constituted a predisposing factor for multiorgan dysfunction. In the absence of other identifiable factors, we hypothesized that a marked increase in liver enzymes and other biochemical abnormalities could be a consequence of a precipitating cause as acute hypoperfusion, suggested by clinical symptoms (marked dehydration, hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia) and laboratory data. Rapid normalization of liver function tests and other biochemical parameters with rehydration and gradual nutritional support confirmed this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Giordano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolic Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
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Zhao J, Zhou G, Li M, Li W, Lü J, Xiong L, Liang L, Zhao Y, Xu D, Yu J. A novel non-alcoholic steatohepatitis animal model featured with insulin resistance, hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 45:1360-71. [PMID: 20560816 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2010.497938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is no animal model that displays the features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and fibrosing steatohepatitis. This study aimed to develop a novel IR-associated rat model of NASH. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with the high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with 0.25% propylthiouracil for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks. The IR-associated metabolic parameters, histological assessment and the expression of key insulin signaling molecules were determined. The circulating and tissue pro-inflammatory factors and adipocytokines were examined. RESULTS In the HFD-fed rats, the systemic and multiple-organ IR was developed after 4 weeks, whereas the histological changes characterized by steatohepatitis, inflammatory response in the visceral adipose tissue and proliferative pancreatic islet β-cells appeared after 6 weeks, concomitant with altered expression of key insulin signaling molecules. In addition, the elevated levels of serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), soluble TNF receptor2, interleukin (IL)-6, CC-chemokine ligand (CCL)2 and resistin were parallel with the severity of hepatic inflammation, while the levels of serum adiponectin, leptin and TNF-α, but not resistin, were correlated with IR. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a systemic IR-associated NASH model of rats, with impaired insulin signaling, systemic inflammation and appropriate pathology characterized by human NASH, and provided a realistic experimental model for elucidating the association between IR and the pathogenesis of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Moretto VL, Ballen MO, Gonçalves TSS, Kawashita NH, Stoppiglia LF, Veloso RV, Latorraca MQ, Martins MSF, Gomes-da-Silva MHG. Low-Protein Diet during Lactation and Maternal Metabolism in Rats. ISRN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2010; 2011:876502. [PMID: 21637364 PMCID: PMC3101884 DOI: 10.5402/2011/876502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Some metabolic alterations were evaluated in Wistar rats which received control or low-protein (17%; 6%) diets, from the pregnancy until the end of lactation: control non-lactating (CNL), lactating (CL), low-protein non-lactating (LPNL) and lactating (LPL) groups. Despite the increased food intake by LPL dams, both LP groups reduced protein intake and final body mass was lower in LPL. Higher serum glucose occurred in both LP groups. Lactation induced lower insulin and glucagon levels, but these were reduced by LP diet. Prolactin levels rose in lactating, but were impaired in LPL, followed by losses of mammary gland (MAG) mass and, a fall in serum leptin in lactating dams. Lipid content also reduced in MAG and gonadal white adipose tissue of lactating and, in LPL, contributed to a decreased daily milk production, and consequent impairment of body mass gain by LPL pups. Liver mass, lipid content and ATP-citrate enzyme activity were increased by lactation, but malic enzyme and lipid: glycogen ratio elevated only in LPL. Conclusion. LP diet reduced the development of MAG and prolactin secretion which compromised milk production and pups growth. Moreover, this diet enhanced the store of lipid to glycogen ratio and suggests a higher risk of fatty liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera L. Moretto
- Curso de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Marcia O. Ballen
- Curso de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Talita S. S. Gonçalves
- Programa de Iniciação Científica, Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de Mato Grosso (FAPEMAT), 78050-970 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz F. Stoppiglia
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367. Bairro Boa Esperança, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Roberto V. Veloso
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367. Bairro Boa Esperança, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Márcia Q. Latorraca
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367. Bairro Boa Esperança, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Maria Salete F. Martins
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367. Bairro Boa Esperança, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena G. Gomes-da-Silva
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367. Bairro Boa Esperança, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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Nagao K, Yamano N, Shirouchi B, Inoue N, Murakami S, Sasaki T, Yanagita T. Effects of citrus auraptene (7-geranyloxycoumarin) on hepatic lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:9028-9032. [PMID: 20681532 DOI: 10.1021/jf1020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports have shown that citrus auraptene (7-geranyloxycoumarin) possesses valuable pharmacological properties, including anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antihelicobacter, antigenotoxic, and neuroprotective effects. In the present study, we investigated the effect of dietary auraptene on hepatic lipid metabolism both in vitro and in vivo. Results suggested that auraptene has the ability to normalize lipid abnormalities in HepG2 hepatocytes. After 4 weeks of auraptene feeding, abdominal white adipose tissue weight and hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels were dose-dependently lowered in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats. The activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferase, a key enzyme in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, and peroxisomal β-oxidation were markedly and dose-dependently enhanced in OLETF rat livers by auraptene feeding. Additionally, hepatic expression of acyl-CoA oxidase, the initial enzyme of the peroxisomal β-oxidation system, was significantly and dose-dependently enhanced by auraptene administration. These results suggest that auraptene administration alleviates obesity and hepatic TG accumulation in part through lipolysis enhancement in the livers of obese OLETF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nagao
- Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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Nagao K, Inoue N, Inafuku M, Shirouchi B, Morooka T, Nomura S, Nagamori N, Yanagita T. Mukitake mushroom (Panellus serotinus) alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through the suppression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 production in db/db mice. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 21:418-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Marques MD, Santos RD, Parga JR, Rocha-Filho JA, Quaglia LA, Miname MH, Ávila LF. Relation between visceral fat and coronary artery disease evaluated by multidetector computed tomography. Atherosclerosis 2010; 209:481-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Hijona E, Hijona L, Arenas JI, Bujanda L. Inflammatory mediators of hepatic steatosis. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010:837419. [PMID: 20300479 PMCID: PMC2840375 DOI: 10.1155/2010/837419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 01/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming a world-wide public health problem. NAFLD represents a spectrum of disease ranging from "simple steatosis", which is considered relatively benign, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and to NAFLD-associated cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. The etiology of NAFLD and its progression is complex and remains incompletely understood. The progression of the disease involves many factors. Apart from the two hits, the accumulation of TG and the development of fibrosis and necroinflammatory processes, exit numerous molecules associated with these two hits. Among them we can highlight the pro-inflammatory molecules and adiponectins. This review focuses on the growing evidence from both experimental and human studies suggesting a central role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We review the role of cytokines as key regulators of insulin sensitivity and hepatic lipid overloading, liver injury and inflammation, and fibrosis with an emphasis on potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hijona
- Gastroenterology Department, Donostia Hospital, CIBERehd, University of the Basque Country, 20010 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Lander Hijona
- Gastroenterology Department, Basurto Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Juan I. Arenas
- Gastroenterology Department, Donostia Hospital, CIBERehd, University of the Basque Country, 20010 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Gastroenterology Department, Donostia Hospital, CIBERehd, University of the Basque Country, 20010 San Sebastián, Spain
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Liu J, Jin X, Yu CH, Chen SH, Li WP, Li YM. Endoplasmic reticulum stress involved in the course of lipogenesis in fatty acids-induced hepatic steatosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25:613-8. [PMID: 19929925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of the present study is to elucidate whether endoplasmic reticulum stress involved in the course of lipogenesis in fatty acids induced hepatic steatosis and the potential effect of metformin on endoplasmic reticulum stress. METHODS HepG2 cells were exposed to different types of culture media. After incubation for 24 h, cells were harvested to evaluate cell survival rate and lipid level among different groups. Moreover, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blot for glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78), sterol response element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were applied. RESULTS The levels of triglyceride (TG), mRNA of FAS, mRNA and protein of GRP78 and SREBP1c significantly increased in the free fatty acids (FFA)-induced hepatic steatosis group. Then, HepG2 cells with hepatic steatosis induced by FFA were treated by metformin, levels of TG, GRP78 mRNA, SREBP1c mRNA and FAS mRNA as well as GRP78 and SREBP1 protein levels were partially decreased but without significant differences. CONCLUSION Endoplasmic reticulum stress might be involved in lipogenesis in fatty acids-induced hepatic steatosis. Therefore, endoplasmic reticulum stress might serve as a novel target in the pathogenesis and therapy of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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