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Zhou L, Lin Y, Zhou T, Xue Y, Bellusci S, Shen M, Chen C, Chen C. Evidence that a Novel Chalcone Derivative, Compound 27, Acts on the Epithelium Via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2-Keap1 Signaling Pathway, to Mitigate LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02051-0. [PMID: 38789816 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a highly heterogeneous clinical syndrome and an important cause of mortality in critically ill patients, with limited treatment options currently available. Chalcone, an essential secondary metabolite found in edible or medicinal plants, exhibits good antioxidant activity and simple structure for easy synthesis. In our study, we synthesized a novel chalcone derivative, compound 27 (C27). We hypothesized that C27 could be a potential treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Therefore, the protective effects of C27 on lung epithelial cells during ALI and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. In vivo, Intratracheal instillation of LPS (10 mg/kg) was used to induce acute lung injury in mice. In vitro, the bronchial epithelial cell line (Beas-2b) was treated with 30 μM tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) to simulate oxidative stress. Our findings demonstrate that pretreatment with C27 reduces LPS-induced oxidative destruction and cellular apoptosis in lung tissues of mice. Furthermore, it significantly attenuates t-BHP-induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis in vitro. Mechanistically, the signaling pathway involving Nrf2-Keap1 and the downstream antioxidative proteins were activated by C27 in vivo. Additionally, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 abolished the effect of C27 in vitro, indicating that the protective effect of C27 is mediated via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. Our study provides evidence that C27 protects against LPS-induced ALI by mitigating oxidative stress via activation of the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway. Therefore, we hypothesize that C27 represents a viable alternative for ALI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yuting Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Tengfei Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yincong Xue
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Department of Internal Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the, Justus-Liebig University Giessen , 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mengya Shen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Chaolei Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Ren R, Wang X, Xu Z, Jiang W. Paritaprevir ameliorates experimental acute lung injury in vitro and in vivo. Arch Pharm Res 2023:10.1007/s12272-023-01451-4. [PMID: 37306915 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paritaprevir is a potent inhibitor of the NS3/4A protease used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus infection. However, its therapeutic effect on acute lung injury (ALI) remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of paritaprevir on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced two-hit rat ALI model. The anti-ALI mechanism of paritaprevir was also studied in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial (HM) cells following LPS-induced injury in vitro. Administration of 30 mg/kg paritaprevir for 3 days protected rats from LPS-induced ALI, as reflected by the changes in the lung coefficient (from 0.75 to 0.64) and lung pathology scores (from 5.17 to 5.20). Furthermore, the levels of the protective adhesion protein VE-cadherin and tight junction protein claudin-5 increased, and the cytoplasmic p-FOX-O1 and nuclear β-catenin and FOX-O1 levels decreased. Similar effects were observed in vitro with LPS-treated HM cells, including decreased nuclear β-catenin and FOX-O1 levels and higher VE-cadherin and claudin-5 levels. Moreover, β-catenin inhibition resulted in higher p-FOX-O1 levels in the cytoplasm. These results suggested that paritaprevir could alleviate experimental ALI via the β-catenin/p-Akt/ FOX-O1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanglin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
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Li W, Huang Q, Yu J, Yang Y, Yu J, Liu Y, Song H, Cui L, Niu X. Schisandrin improves lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14141. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Qiuxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Yajie Yang
- School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Jiabao Yu
- School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Huixin Song
- School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Langjun Cui
- School of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
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Hon KL, Leung KKY, Oberender F, Leung AK. Paediatrics: how to manage septic shock. Drugs Context 2021; 10:dic-2021-1-5. [PMID: 34122587 PMCID: PMC8177956 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2021-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Septic shock is a common critical illness associated with high morbidity and mortality in children. This article provides an updated narrative review on the management of septic shock in paediatric practice. Methods A PubMed search was performed using the following Medical Subject Headings: "sepsis", "septic shock" and "systemic inflammatory response syndrome". The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies and reviews. The search was limited to the English literature and specific to children. Results Septic shock is associated with high mortality and morbidity. The outcome can be improved if the diagnosis is made promptly and treatment initiated without delay. Early treatment with antimicrobial therapy, fluid therapy and vasoactive medications, and rapid recognition of the source of sepsis and control are the key recommendations from paediatric sepsis management guidelines. Conclusion Most of the current paediatric sepsis guideline recommendations are based on the adult population; therefore, the research gaps in paediatric sepsis management should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Lun Hon
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Karen Ka Yan Leung
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Felix Oberender
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash University, School of Clinical Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander Kc Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary and Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Im D, Shi W, Driscoll B. Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Fibrosis versus Repair. Front Pediatr 2016; 4:28. [PMID: 27066462 PMCID: PMC4811965 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2016.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical and basic experimental approaches to pediatric acute lung injury (ALI), including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), have historically focused on acute care and management of the patient. Additional efforts have focused on the etiology of pediatric ALI and ARDS, clinically defined as diffuse, bilateral diseases of the lung that compromise function leading to severe hypoxemia within 7 days of defined insult. Insults can include ancillary events related to prematurity, can follow trauma and/or transfusion, or can present as sequelae of pulmonary infections and cardiovascular disease and/or injury. Pediatric ALI/ARDS remains one of the leading causes of infant and childhood morbidity and mortality, particularly in the developing world. Though incidence is relatively low, ranging from 2.9 to 9.5 cases/100,000 patients/year, mortality remains high, approaching 35% in some studies. However, this is a significant decrease from the historical mortality rate of over 50%. Several decades of advances in acute management and treatment, as well as better understanding of approaches to ventilation, oxygenation, and surfactant regulation have contributed to improvements in patient recovery. As such, there is a burgeoning interest in the long-term impact of pediatric ALI/ARDS. Chronic pulmonary deficiencies in survivors appear to be caused by inappropriate injury repair, with fibrosis and predisposition to emphysema arising as irreversible secondary events that can severely compromise pulmonary development and function, as well as the overall health of the patient. In this chapter, the long-term effectiveness of current treatments will be examined, as will the potential efficacy of novel, acute, and long-term therapies that support repair and delay or even impede the onset of secondary events, including fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Im
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Barbara Driscoll
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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Bong Y, Shin SG, Koh SH, Lim JH. Interleukin-1β Participates in the Development of Pneumococcal Acute Lung Injury and Death by Promoting Alveolar Microvascular Leakage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2015.45.2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Younghoon Bong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seul Gi Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Koh
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyang Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Gonda Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, House Ear Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Liu B, Lü X, Qi C, Zheng S, Zhou M, Wang J, Yin W. KGFR promotes Na+ channel expression in a rat acute lung injury model. Afr Health Sci 2014; 14:648-56. [PMID: 25352884 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i3.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binding of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) to the KGF receptor (KGFR) plays an important role in the recovery of alveolar epithelial cells from acute lung injury (ALI). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of gene therapy via adenovirus gene transfer of KGFR on the treatment of ALI. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: normal controls, injury controls, normal adenovirus transduced group and injury adenovirus transduced group. The ALI model was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Recombinant adenovirus (AdEasy-KGFR) was injected via the tail vein. Expression of the sodium (Na(+)) channel in rat alveolar type II (ATII) epithelial cells was determined by PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy of rat lung tissues. RESULTS Gene expression of the Na(+) channel and KGFR in ATII cells was higher in the normal adenovirus transduced group than the three other groups; expression of these two genes in the injury adenovirus transduced group was higher than the injury control group. Na(+) channel protein expression was lower in the injury adenovirus transduced group but higher than the injury control group. CONCLUSIONS KGFR over-expression induced Na channel expression could potentially be beneficial for ALI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjian Liu
- Laboratory department, 161st Central Hospital of P.L.A., Wuhan 430010, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin Lü
- Department of Microbiology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chaoling Qi
- Laboratory department, 161st Central Hospital of P.L.A., Wuhan 430010, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shuhui Zheng
- Laboratory department, 161st Central Hospital of P.L.A., Wuhan 430010, Hubei Province, China
| | - Muxiu Zhou
- Laboratory department, 161st Central Hospital of P.L.A., Wuhan 430010, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Institute of Surgery Research, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Microbiology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China ; Central Laboratory, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
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Liu XJ, Zhang ZD, Ma XC. High glucose enhances LPS-stimulated human PMVEC hyperpermeability via the NO pathway. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:361-367. [PMID: 24137189 PMCID: PMC3786959 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia is an established risk factor for endothelial damage. It remains unclear, however, whether brief hyperglycemic exposure exacerbates the damage to vascular endothelial cells induced by endotoxin. We hypothesize that brief hyperglycemic exposure enhances the permeability of the endothelium following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Correlations between modulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathways and altered endothelial homeostasis have been studied and demonstrated in various pathophysiological conditions. NOS activities are regulated by endogenous inhibitors, including asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which is metabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). Since previous data demonstrated that endothelial dysfunction may be related to reduced expression and/or activity of DDAH, in this study, we aimed to determine the effect of increased glucose levels on pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC) permeability, including effects on the NOS pathways. Human PMVECs were incubated with normal (5.5 mM) and high (33 mM) concentrations of D-glucose for 5 days to create a monolayer of cells prior to LPS stimulation (10 μg/ml) for 12 h. When stimulated with LPS, cells incubated with a high glucose (HG) concentration had significant microfilament rearrangement compared with cells incubated with a normal glucose concentration, as determined by immunofluorescence. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a larger average diameter and increased number of fenestrae on the hyperglycemic PMVECs when stimulated with LPS, compared with PMVECs cultured with a normal glucose concentration. The results demonstrated that a high concentration of glucose increases the LPS-stimulated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) permeability compared with a normal concentration of glucose. Furthermore, a HG concentration upregulated LPS-stimulated inducible NOS (iNOS) production and down-regulated endothelial NOS (eNOS) and DDAH-2 expression. Hyperglycemia significantly increased LPS-stimulated nitrite/nitrate production (stable NO end-products). Our results, thus, demonstrate that in vitro HG concentrations exacerbate LPS-stimulated cytoskeletal rearrangement and hyperpermeability of an endothelial monolayer, and cause further imbalance of the NO pathway. These results suggest that it is important to manage even short-term increases in blood glucose, particularly following acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Bae H, Kim R, Kim Y, Lee E, Jin Kim H, Pyo Jang Y, Jung SK, Kim J. Effects of Schisandra chinensis Baillon (Schizandraceae) on lipopolysaccharide induced lung inflammation in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:41-47. [PMID: 22543173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis Baillon (Sc), an anti-inflammatory herb that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years, is frequently used to treat upper respiratory tract infections. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of a water extract of Sc to prevent airway inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human lung alveolar epithelial-derived A549 cells were stimulated with to interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ (IL-1β, TNF-α, and INF-γ; cytokine mixture; CM) and treated with Sc extracts. They were then evaluated using nitric oxide (NO), IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) secretions. In the in vivo study, BALB/c mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce acute airway inflammation. After this challenge, the mice were treated with Sc extracts (10, 50 and 100mg/kg) by oral administration, and inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were counted. IL-6 and TNF-α secretions were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lung tissues of the LPS treated mice were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for histological examination. RESULTS In the A549 cells, Sc extracts dose-dependently and significantly inhibited CM-induced NO production and reduced IL-8 and MCP-1 secretions. Sc extracts efficiently suppressed neutrophil and macrophage infiltrations of lung tissues and increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels in BAL fluid in LPS-instilled BALB/c mice. In addition, Sc extracts treatment inhibited pathologic progress in the lung tissues, as confirmed by H&E staining. These findings indicate that Sc extracts could be potentially useful for the treatment of acute lung inflammation and acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Large-animal models of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 93:1331-9. [PMID: 22244649 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by an acute inflammatory response that compromises alveolar-capillary membrane integrity. Clinical symptoms include refractory hypoxemia, noncardiogenic edema, and decreased lung compliance. The purpose of this review is to summarize the different ARDS large-animal models in terms of similarity to the clinical disease and underlying pathophysiology. The repeated lavage, oleic acid, endotoxin, and smoke/burn ARDS models will be discussed in this review. While each model has significant benefits, none is without weaknesses. Thus, the choice of large-animal ARDS model must be carefully considered based upon the study focus and investigative team experience.
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Nakamura T, Sato E, Fujiwara N, Kawagoe Y, Maeda S, Yamagishi SI. Increased levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) are associated with death in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:601-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Farley KS, Wang LF, Law C, Mehta S. Alveolar macrophage inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell septic barrier dysfunction. Microvasc Res 2008; 76:208-16. [PMID: 18708074 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) from neutrophils and alveolar macrophages (AM) contributes to the pathophysiology of murine septic acute lung injury (ALI). It is not known if AM iNOS has a direct effect on septic pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC) permeability. We hypothesized that AM iNOS mediates PMVEC permeability in vitro under septic conditions through NO and peroxynitrite. 100,000 confluent PMVEC on cell-culture inserts were co-incubated with iNOS+/+ vs. iNOS-/- AM, in various ratios of AM to PMVEC. PMVEC injury was assessed by trans-PMVEC Evans Blue-labelled albumin flux in the presence or absence of cytomix (equimolar TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IFN-gamma). Cytomix stimulation dose-dependently increased trans-PMVEC EB-albumin flux, which was exaggerated (1.4+/-0.1% vs. 0.4+/-0.1% in unstimulated PMVEC, p<0.05) in the presence of iNOS+/+, but not iNOS-/-, AM in the upper compartment. Similarly, iNOS+/+, but not iNOS-/-, AM in the lower compartment also enhanced septic trans-PMVEC albumin leak. The mechanism of iNOS-dependent septic PMVEC permeability was pursued through pharmacologic studies with inhibitors of NOS, and scavengers of NO, superoxide, and peroxynitrite, and treatment of PMVEC with the NO donor, DETA-NONOate. Septic iNOS+/+ AM-dependent trans-PMVEC albumin leak was significantly attenuated by pharmacologic iNOS inhibition (L-NAME and 1400W), and scavenging of either NO (oxyhemoglobin), superoxide (PEG-SOD), or peroxynitrite (FeTPPS). Exogenous NO (DETA-NONOate) had no effect on PMVEC permeability. These data are consistent with a direct role of AM iNOS in septic PMVEC barrier dysfunction, which is likely mediated, in part, through peroxynitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Farley
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Division of Respirology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
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Lim JH, Stirling B, Derry J, Koga T, Jono H, Woo CH, Xu H, Bourne P, Ha UH, Ishinaga H, Xu H, Andalibi A, Feng XH, Zhu H, Huang Y, Zhang W, Weng X, Yan C, Yin Z, Briles DE, Davis RJ, Flavell RA, Li JD. Tumor Suppressor CYLD Regulates Acute Lung Injury in Lethal Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections. Immunity 2007; 27:349-60. [PMID: 17723219 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) causes high early mortality in pneumococcal pneumonia, which is characterized by acute lung injury (ALI). The molecular mechanisms underlying ALI and the high early mortality remain unknown. Despite recent studies that identify deubiquitinating enzyme cylindromatosis (CYLD) as a key regulator for T cell development, tumor cell proliferation, and NF-kappaB transcription factor signaling, its role in regulating bacteria-induced lethality, however, is unknown. Here, we showed that CYLD deficiency protected mice from S. pneumoniae pneumolysin (PLY)-induced ALI and lethality. CYLD was highly induced by PLY, and it inhibited MKK3-p38 kinase-dependent expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in lung, thereby potentiating ALI and mortality. Thus, CYLD is detrimental for host survival, thereby indicating a mechanism underlying the high early mortality of pneumococcal pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyang Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Venkatesan N, Punithavathi D, Babu M. Protection from acute and chronic lung diseases by curcumin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 595:379-405. [PMID: 17569221 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review has been to describe the current state of the therapeutic potential of curcumin in acute and chronic lung injuries. Occupational and environmental exposures to mineral dusts, airborne pollutants, cigarette smoke, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy injure the lungs, resulting in acute and chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Despite major advances in treating lung diseases, until now disease-modifying efficacy has not been demonstrated for any of the existing drugs. Current medical therapy offers only marginal benefit; therefore, there is an essential need to develop new drugs that might be of effective benefit in clinical settings. Over the years, there has been increasing evidence that curcumin, a phytochemical present in turmeric (Curcuma longa), has a wide spectrum of therapeutic properties and a remarkable range of protective effects in various diseases. Several experimental animal models have tested curcumin on lung fibrosis and these studies demonstrate that curcumin attenuates lung injury and fibrosis caused by radiation, chemotherapeutic drugs, and toxicants. The growing amount of data from pharmacological and animal studies also supports the notion that curcumin plays a protective role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and allergic asthma, its therapeutic action being on the prevention or modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress. These findings give substance to the possibility of testing curcumin in patients with lung diseases.
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