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Huang T, Zhu Y, Shutta KH, Balasubramanian R, Zeleznik OA, Rexrode KM, Clish CB, Sun Q, Hu FB, Kubzansky LD, Hankinson SE. A Plasma Metabolite Score Related to Psychological Distress and Diabetes Risk: A Nested Case-control Study in US Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e1434-e1441. [PMID: 38092374 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Psychological distress has been linked to diabetes risk. Few population-based, epidemiologic studies have investigated the potential molecular mechanisms (eg, metabolic dysregulation) underlying this association. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between a metabolomic signature for psychological distress and diabetes risk. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study of plasma metabolomics and diabetes risk in the Nurses' Health Study, including 728 women (mean age: 55.2 years) with incident diabetes and 728 matched controls. Blood samples were collected between 1989 and 1990 and incident diabetes was diagnosed between 1992 and 2008. Based on our prior work, we calculated a weighted plasma metabolite-based distress score (MDS) comprised of 19 metabolites. We used conditional logistic regression accounting for matching factors and other diabetes risk factors to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for diabetes risk according to MDS. RESULTS After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, family history of diabetes, and health behaviors, the OR (95% CI) for diabetes risk across quintiles of the MDS was 1.00 (reference) for Q1, 1.16 (0.77, 1.73) for Q2, 1.30 (0.88, 1.91) for Q3, 1.99 (1.36, 2.92) for Q4, and 2.47 (1.66, 3.67) for Q5. Each SD increase in MDS was associated with 36% higher diabetes risk (95% CI: 1.21, 1.54; P-trend <.0001). This association was moderately attenuated after additional adjustment for body mass index (comparable OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.35; P-trend = .02). The MDS explained 17.6% of the association between self-reported psychological distress (defined as presence of depression or anxiety symptoms) and diabetes risk (P = .04). CONCLUSION MDS was significantly associated with diabetes risk in women. These results suggest that differences in multiple lipid and amino acid metabolites may underlie the observed association between psychological distress and diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine H Shutta
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raji Balasubramanian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Oana A Zeleznik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02142, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Dragasek J, Minar M, Valkovic P, Pallayova M. Factors associated with psychiatric and physical comorbidities in bipolar disorder: a nationwide multicenter cross-sectional observational study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1208551. [PMID: 37559916 PMCID: PMC10407573 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1208551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and disabling affective disorder with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the high rate of psychiatric and physical health comorbidity, little is known about the complex interrelationships between clinical features of bipolar illness and comorbid conditions. The present study sought to examine, quantify and characterize the cross-sectional associations of psychiatric and physical comorbidities with selected demographic and clinical characteristics of adults with BD. METHODS A nationwide multicenter cross-sectional observational epidemiological study conducted from October 2015 to March 2017 in Slovakia. RESULTS Out of 179 study participants [median age 49 years (interquartile range IQR 38-58); 57.5% females], 22.4% were free of comorbidity, 42.5% had both psychiatric and physical comorbidities, 53.6% at least one psychiatric comorbidity, and 66.5% at least one physical comorbidity. The most prevalent were the essential hypertension (33.5%), various psychoactive substance-related disorders (21.2%), specific personality disorders (14.6%), obesity (14.5%), and disorders of lipoprotein metabolism (14%). The presence of an at least one physical comorbidity, atypical symptoms of BD, and unemployed status were each associated with an at least one psychiatric comorbidity independent of sex, early onset of BD (age of onset <35 years), BD duration and pattern of BD illness progression (p < 0.001). The presence of various psychoactive substance-related disorders, BD duration, atypical symptoms of BD, unemployed status, pension, female sex, and not using antipsychotics were each associated with an at least one physical comorbidity independent of the pattern of BD illness progression (p < 0.001). In several other multiple regression models, the use of antipsychotics (in particular, olanzapine) was associated with a decreased probability of the essential hypertension and predicted the clinical phenotype of comorbidity-free BD (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This cross-national study has reported novel estimates and clinical correlates related to both the comorbidity-free phenotype and the factors associated with psychiatric and physical comorbidities in adults with BD in Slovakia. The findings provide new insights into understanding of the clinical presentation of BD that can inform clinical practice and further research to continue to investigate potential mechanisms of BD adverse outcomes and disease complications onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Dragasek
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Louis Pasteur and Pavol Jozef Safarik University Faculty of Medicine, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Michal Minar
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Valkovic
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Pallayova
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Louis Pasteur and Pavol Jozef Safarik University Faculty of Medicine, Kosice, Slovakia
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
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Suseelan S, Pinna G. Heterogeneity in major depressive disorder: The need for biomarker-based personalized treatments. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 112:1-67. [PMID: 36642481 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or depression is a pathological mental condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Identification of objective biological markers of depression can provide for a better diagnostic and intervention criteria; ultimately aiding to reduce its socioeconomic health burden. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the major biomarker candidates that have been implicated in depression neurobiology. The key biomarker categories are covered across all the "omics" levels. At the epigenomic level, DNA-methylation, non-coding RNA and histone-modifications have been discussed in relation to depression. The proteomics system shows great promise with inflammatory markers as well as growth factors and neurobiological alterations within the endocannabinoid system. Characteristic lipids implicated in depression together with the endocrine system are reviewed under the metabolomics section. The chapter also examines the novel biomarkers for depression that have been proposed by studies in the microbiome. Depression affects individuals differentially and explicit biomarkers identified by robust research criteria may pave the way for better diagnosis, intervention, treatment, and prediction of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayam Suseelan
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; UI Center on Depression and Resilience (UICDR), Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Crosstalk between neurological, cardiovascular, and lifestyle disorders: insulin and lipoproteins in the lead role. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:790-817. [PMID: 36149598 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and impaired lipoprotein metabolism contribute to a plethora of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. These alterations have been extensively linked with poor lifestyle choices, such as consumption of a high-fat diet, smoking, stress, and a redundant lifestyle. Moreover, these are also known to increase the co-morbidity of diseases like Type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Under normal physiological conditions, insulin and lipoproteins exert a neuroprotective role in the central nervous system. However, the tripping of balance between the periphery and center may alter the normal functioning of the brain and lead to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, depression, and multiple sclerosis. These neurological disorders are further characterized by certain behavioral and molecular changes that show consistent overlap with alteration in insulin and lipoprotein signaling pathways. Therefore, targeting these two mechanisms not only reveals a way to manage the co-morbidities associated with the circle of the metabolic, central nervous system, and cardiovascular disorders but also exclusively work as a disease-modifying therapy for neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize the role of insulin resistance and lipoproteins in the progression of various neurological conditions and discuss the therapeutic options currently in the clinical pipeline targeting these two mechanisms; in addition, challenges faced in designing these therapeutic approaches have also been touched upon briefly.
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Magnotta VA, Xu J, Fiedorowicz JG, Williams A, Shaffer J, Christensen G, Long JD, Taylor E, Sathyaputri L, Richards JG, Harmata G, Wemmie J. Metabolic abnormalities in the basal ganglia and cerebellum in bipolar disorder: A multi-modal MR study. J Affect Disord 2022; 301:390-399. [PMID: 35031333 PMCID: PMC8828710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Bipolar type I disorder (BD) is characterized by severe mood swings and occurs in about 1% of the population. The mechanisms underlying the disorder remain unknown. Prior studies have suggested abnormalities in brain metabolism using 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Supporting altered metabolism, in previous studies we found T1ρ relaxation times in the cerebellum were elevated in participants with BD. In addition, T1ρ relaxation times in the basal ganglia were lower in participants with BD experiencing depressed mood. Based on these findings, this study sought to probe brain metabolism with a focus of extending these assessments to the cerebellum. METHODS This study collected data from 64 participants with Bipolar type I disorder (BD) and 42 controls. Subjects were scanned at both 3T (anatomical, functional, and T1ρ imaging data) and 7T (31P and 1H spectroscopy). Regions of interest defined by the 1H MRS data were used to explore metabolic and functional changes in the cerebellar vermis and putamen. RESULTS Elevated concentrations of n-Acetyl-l-aspartate (NAA), glutamate, glutathione, taurine, and creatine were found in the cerebellar vermis along with decreased intra-cellular pH. Similar trends were observed in the right putamen for glutamate, creatine, and pH. We also observed a relationship between T1ρ relaxation times and mood in the putamen. We did not observe a significant effect of medications on these measures. LIMITATIONS The study was cross sectional in design and employed a naturalistic approach for assessing the impact of medications on the results. CONCLUSION This study supports prior findings of reduced pH in mitochondrial dysfunction in BD while also showing that these differences extend to the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A Magnotta
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, United States.
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, United States
| | | | | | - Joseph Shaffer
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, United States; College of Biosciences, Kansas City University, United States
| | - Gary Christensen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Long
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, United States
| | - Eric Taylor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, United States
| | | | | | - Gail Harmata
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States
| | - John Wemmie
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, United States
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Chang GR, Hou PH, Wang CM, Lin JW, Lin WL, Lin TC, Liao HJ, Chan CH, Wang YC. Imipramine Accelerates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Renal Impairment, Diabetic Retinopathy, Insulin Resistance, and Urinary Chromium Loss in Obese Mice. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8090189. [PMID: 34564583 PMCID: PMC8473438 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8090189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been approved for treating depression and anxiety in patients and animals and that has relatively mild side effects. However, the mechanisms of imipramine-associated disruption to metabolism and negative hepatic, renal, and retinal effects are not well defined. In this study, we evaluated C57BL6/J mice subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) to study imipramine’s influences on obesity, fatty liver scores, glucose homeostasis, hepatic damage, distribution of chromium, and retinal/renal impairments. Obese mice receiving imipramine treatment had higher body, epididymal fat pad, and liver weights; higher serum triglyceride, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, renal antioxidant enzyme, and hepatic triglyceride levels; higher daily food efficiency; and higher expression levels of a marker of fatty acid regulation in the liver compared with the controls also fed an HFD. Furthermore, the obese mice that received imipramine treatment exhibited insulin resistance, worse glucose intolerance, decreased glucose transporter 4 expression and Akt phosphorylation levels, and increased chromium loss through urine. In addition, the treatment group exhibited considerably greater liver damage and higher fatty liver scores, paralleling the increases in patatin-like phospholipid domain containing protein 3 and the mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and fatty acid-binding protein 4. Retinal injury worsened in imipramine-treated mice; decreases in retinal cell layer organization and retinal thickness and increases in nuclear factor κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels were observed. We conclude that administration of imipramine may result in the exacerbation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, and kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Ruei Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (G.-R.C.); (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Po-Hsun Hou
- Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 4 Section, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 2 Section, 155 Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (G.-R.C.); (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Jen-Wei Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; (J.-W.L.); (W.-L.L.)
| | - Wei-Li Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; (J.-W.L.); (W.-L.L.)
- General Education Center, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifeng Eastern Road, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (G.-R.C.); (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Huei-Jyuan Liao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (G.-R.C.); (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Chee-Hong Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 6 Lugong Road, Lukang Township, Changhua 50544, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (Y.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-975-617071 (C.-H.C.); +886-4-2332-3456 (Y.-C.W.)
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Asia University Hospital, 222 Fuxin Road, Wufeng District, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, 500 Lioufeng Road, Wufeng District, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, North District, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, North District, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (Y.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-975-617071 (C.-H.C.); +886-4-2332-3456 (Y.-C.W.)
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Nobis A, Zalewski D, Waszkiewicz N. Peripheral Markers of Depression. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3793. [PMID: 33255237 PMCID: PMC7760788 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, creating a high medical and socioeconomic burden. There is a growing interest in the biological underpinnings of depression, which are reflected by altered levels of biological markers. Among others, enhanced inflammation has been reported in MDD, as reflected by increased concentrations of inflammatory markers-C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and soluble interleukin-2 receptor. Oxidative and nitrosative stress also plays a role in the pathophysiology of MDD. Notably, increased levels of lipid peroxidation markers are characteristic of MDD. Dysregulation of the stress axis, along with increased cortisol levels, have also been reported in MDD. Alterations in growth factors, with a significant decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and an increase in fibroblast growth factor-2 and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations have also been found in MDD. Finally, kynurenine metabolites, increased glutamate and decreased total cholesterol also hold promise as reliable biomarkers for MDD. Research in the field of MDD biomarkers is hindered by insufficient understanding of MDD etiopathogenesis, substantial heterogeneity of the disorder, common co-morbidities and low specificity of biomarkers. The construction of biomarker panels and their evaluation with use of new technologies may have the potential to overcome the above mentioned obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Nobis
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, pl. Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (D.Z.); (N.W.)
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Purzand B, Rokhgireh S, Shabani Zanjani M, Eshraghi N, Mohamadianamiri M, Esmailzadeh A, Alkatout I, Gitas G, Allahqoli L. The comparison of the effect of soybean and fish oil on supplementation on menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 41:101239. [PMID: 32979708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of soybean and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial postmenopausal women were randomly given either soybean (Soygan 500 mg capsule; n = 60), or omega-3 fatty acids (Omega-rex 1000 mg soft gel; n = 60), or placebo (n = 60) daily for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was a change on the menopause rating scale score (MRS), while the secondary outcome was any adverse symptoms and effect was effect of soybean or omega-3 fatty acid supplements on the blood lipids and thyroid hormone. RESULTS Based on the results of post-hoc in terms of overall MRS score there was a significant difference between the control and Soygan (p < 0.001) and Omega-rex groups (p = 0.03); however, there was no significant difference between the two intervention groups (p = 0.86). Soygan and Omega-rex had no effects on the blood lipids and thyroid hormone. CONCLUSION Soygan and Omega-rex reduced the MRS score and improved menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Purzand
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rokhgireh
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mansoore Shabani Zanjani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital & National Association of Iranian Obstetricians & Gynecologists (NAIGO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Eshraghi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital & National Association of Iranian Obstetricians & Gynecologists (NAIGO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiss Mohamadianamiri
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital & National Association of Iranian Obstetricians & Gynecologists (NAIGO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Esmailzadeh
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ibrahim Alkatout
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kiel School of Gynaecological Endoscopy, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus C, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Georgios Gitas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Schleswig Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Leila Allahqoli
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Moolamalla STR, Vinod PK. Genome-scale metabolic modelling predicts biomarkers and therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric disorders. Comput Biol Med 2020; 125:103994. [PMID: 32980779 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Distinguishing neuropsychiatric disorders is challenging due to the overlap in symptoms and genetic risk factors. People suffering from these disorders face personal and professional challenges. Understanding the dysregulation of brain metabolism under disease condition can aid in effective diagnosis and in developing treatment strategies based on the metabolism. In this study, we reconstructed the metabolic network of three major neuropsychiatric disorders, schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) using transcriptomic data and constrained based modelling approach. We integrated brain transcriptomic data from six independent studies with a recent comprehensive genome-scale metabolic model Recon3D. The analysis of the reconstructed network revealed the flux-level alterations in the peroxisome-mitochondria-golgi axis in neuropsychiatric disorders. We also extracted reporter metabolites and pathways that distinguish these three neuropsychiatric disorders. We found differences with respect to fatty acid oxidation, aromatic and branched chain amino acid metabolism, bile acid synthesis, glycosaminoglycans synthesis and modifications, and phospholipid metabolism. Further, we predicted network perturbations that transform the disease metabolic state to a healthy metabolic state for each disorder. These analyses provide local and global views of the metabolic changes in SCZ, BD and MDD, which may have clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T R Moolamalla
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - P K Vinod
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, 500032, India.
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Emanuele E, Carlin MV, D'Angelo A, Peros E, Barale F, Geroldi D, Politi P. Elevated plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) in psychiatric patients: a possible contribution to increased vascular risk. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 21:129-33. [PMID: 16516110 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2004] [Accepted: 10/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAn increased incidence of adverse cardiovascular events has been reported in psychiatric patients, but the exact mechanisms underlying this association are still uncertain. Elevated plasma level of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an independent risk factor for atherothrombotic disease in the general population. To study the implications of Lp(a) in psychiatric patients, we measured the plasma levels of Lp(a) in 74 patients with psychiatric disorders (39 schizophrenia, 10 major depression, 13 bipolar disorder and 12 personality disorder) and 74 healthy controls. The Lp(a) levels of the patient groups with schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder were significantly higher than that of the control group. The median Lp(a) value of these diagnostic groups was comparable with those reported in patients with prior atherothrombotic events. On the other hand, no differences were found among personality disorder and controls. Our findings suggest that the elevation of plasma Lp(a) may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in several patients with psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Emanuele
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Clinica Medica 2, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi, 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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A Novel Anti-Inflammatory Role of Omega-3 PUFAs in Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102279. [PMID: 31547601 PMCID: PMC6835717 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory chronic disease affecting arterial vessels and leading to vascular diseases, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. The relationship between atherosclerosis and risk of neurodegeneration has been established, in particular with vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Systemic atherosclerosis increases the risk of VCID by inducing cerebral infarction, or through systemic or local inflammatory factors that underlie both atherosclerosis and cognition. Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are involved in inflammatory processes, but with opposite roles. Specifically, omega-3 PUFAs exert anti-inflammatory properties by competing with omega-6 PUFAs and displacing arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids, decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. Experimental studies and some clinical trials have demonstrated that omega-3 PUFA supplementation may reduce the risk of different phenotypes of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. This review describes the link between atherosclerosis, VCID and inflammation, as well as how omega-3 PUFA supplementation may be useful to prevent and treat inflammatory-related diseases.
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12
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Tabbai S, Moreno-Fernández RD, Zambrana-Infantes E, Nieto-Quero A, Chun J, García-Fernández M, Estivill-Torrús G, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ, Oliveira TG, Pérez-Martín M, Pedraza C. Effects of the LPA 1 Receptor Deficiency and Stress on the Hippocampal LPA Species in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:146. [PMID: 31244601 PMCID: PMC6580287 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an important bioactive lipid species that functions in intracellular signaling through six characterized G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6). Among these receptors, LPA1 is a strong candidate to mediate the central effects of LPA on emotion and may be involved in promoting normal emotional behaviors. Alterations in this receptor may induce vulnerability to stress and predispose an individual to a psychopathological disease. In fact, mice lacking the LPA1 receptor exhibit emotional dysregulation and cognitive alterations in hippocampus-dependent tasks. Moreover, the loss of this receptor results in a phenotype of low resilience with dysfunctional coping in response to stress and induces anxiety and several behavioral and neurobiological changes that are strongly correlated with mood disorders. In fact, our group proposes that maLPA1-null mice represent an animal model of anxious depression. However, despite the key role of the LPA-LPA1-pathway in emotion and stress coping behaviors, the available information describing the mechanisms by which the LPA-LPA1-pathway regulates emotion is currently insufficient. Because activation of LPA1 requires LPA, here, we used a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization mass spectrometry-based approach to evaluate the effects of an LPA1 receptor deficiency on the hippocampal levels of LPA species. Additionally, the impact of stress on the LPA profile was also examined in both wild-type (WT) and the Malaga variant of LPA1-null mice (maLPA1-null mice). Mice lacking LPA1 did not exhibit gross perturbations in the hippocampal LPA species, but the LPA profile was modified, showing an altered relative abundance of 18:0 LPA. Regardless of the genotype, restraint stress produced profound changes in all LPA species examined, revealing that hippocampal LPA species are a key target of stress. Finally, the relationship between the hippocampal levels of LPA species and performance in the elevated plus maze was established. To our knowledge, this study is the first to detect, identify and profile LPA species in the hippocampus of both LPA1-receptor null mice and WT mice at baseline and after acute stress, as well as to link these LPA species with anxiety-like behaviors. In conclusion, the hippocampal LPA species are a key target of stress and may be involved in psychopathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tabbai
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Román Dario Moreno-Fernández
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Emma Zambrana-Infantes
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Andrea Nieto-Quero
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Maria García-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología y Medicina Deportiva, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Tiago Gil Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Margarita Pérez-Martín
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Pedraza
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Arshad Z, Rezapour-Firouzi S, Ebrahimifar M, Mosavi Jarrahi A, Mohammadian M. Association of Delta-6-Desaturase Expression with
Aggressiveness of Cancer, Diabetes Mellitus, and Multiple
Sclerosis: A Narrative Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1005-1018. [PMID: 31030467 PMCID: PMC6948902 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.4.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B /mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/
mTOR) signaling regulates multiple cellular processes and organizes cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation
with the available nutrients, in particular, fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are cytotoxic to cancer cells
and play a critical role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and diabetes mellitus (DM). PUFAs are produced in
the body by desaturases and elongases from dietary essential fatty acids (EFAs), primarily involving delta-6-desaturase
(D6D). D6D is a rate-limiting enzyme for maintaining many aspects of lipid homeostasis and normal health. D6D is
important to recognize the mechanisms that regulate the expression of this enzyme in humans. A lower level of D6D was
seen in breast tumors compared to normal tissues. Interestingly, the elevated serum level of D6D was seen in MS and
DM, which explains the critical role of D6D in inflammatory diseases. Methods: We searched databases of PubMed,
Web of Science (WOS), Google Scholar, Scopus and related studies by predefined eligibility criteria. We assessed
their quality and extracted data. Results: Regarding the mTOR signaling pathway, there is remarkable contributions of
many inflammatory diseases to attention to common metabolic pathways are depicted. Of course, we need to have the
insights into each disorder and their pathological process. The first step in balancing the intake of EFAs is to prevent
the disruption of metabolism and expression of the D6D enzyme. Conclusions: The ω6 and ω3 pathways are two major
pathways in the biosynthesis of PUFAs. In both of these, D6D is a vital bifunctional enzyme desaturating linoleic acid
or alpha-linolenic acid. Therefore, if ω6 and ω3 EFAs are given together in a ratio of 2: 1, the D6D expression will be
down-regulated and normalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Arshad
- Department of Pathology of Anatomy, School of medicine, Baku University of Medical Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Soheila Rezapour-Firouzi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. ,
| | - Meysam Ebrahimifar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza, Iran
| | - Alireza Mosavi Jarrahi
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Mohammadian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Zemdegs J, Rainer Q, Grossmann CP, Rousseau-Ralliard D, Grynberg A, Ribeiro E, Guiard BP. Anxiolytic- and Antidepressant-Like Effects of Fish Oil-Enriched Diet in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Deficient Mice. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:974. [PMID: 30622454 PMCID: PMC6308198 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the understanding of the therapeutic activity of antidepressant drugs, treatment-resistant depression is a public health issue prompting research to identify new therapeutic strategies. Evidence strongly suggests that nutrition might exert a significant impact on the onset, the duration and the severity of major depression. Accordingly, preclinical and clinical investigations demonstrated the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids in anxiety and mood disorders. Although the neurobiological substrates of its action remain poorly documented, basic research has shown that omega-3 increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in brain regions associated with depression, as antidepressant drugs do. In contrast, low BDNF levels and hippocampal atrophy were observed in animal models of depression. In this context, the present study compared the effects of long-lasting fish oil-enriched diet, an important source of omega-3 fatty acids, between heterozygous BDNF+/- mice and their wild-type littermates. Our results demonstrated lower activation of Erk in BDNF+/- mice whereas this deficit was rescued by fish oil-enriched diet. In parallel, BDNF+/- mice displayed elevated hippocampal extracellular 5-HT levels in relation with a local decreased serotonin transporter protein level. Fish oil-enriched diet restored normal serotonergic tone by increasing the protein levels of serotonin transporter. At the cellular level, fish oil-enriched diet increased the pool of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus of BDNF+/- mice and the latter observations coincide with its ability to promote anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like response in these mutants. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the beneficial effects of long-term exposure to fish oil-enriched diet in behavioral paradigms known to recapitulate diverse abnormalities related to the depressive state specifically in mice with a partial loss of BDNF. These findings contrast with the mechanism of action of currently available antidepressant drugs for which the full manifestation of their therapeutic activity depends on the enhancement of serotoninergic and BDNF signaling. Further studies are warranted to determine whether fish oil supplementation could be used as an add-on strategy to conventional pharmacological interventions in treatment-resistant patients and relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Zemdegs
- Department of Physiology, Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France.,Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Quentin Rainer
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Cindy P Grossmann
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard
- INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche BDR, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1154, Laboratoire Lipides Membranaires et Régulations Fonctionnelles du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alain Grynberg
- INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1154, Laboratoire Lipides Membranaires et Régulations Fonctionnelles du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eliane Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology, Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France.,Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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15
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Wang Q, Zhao G, Yang Z, Liu X, Xie P. Downregulation of microRNA‑124‑3p suppresses the mTOR signaling pathway by targeting DDIT4 in males with major depressive disorder. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:493-500. [PMID: 29115444 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are involved in several pathways that may contribute to the pathomechanism of major depressive disorder (MDD). Sex may not only act as a demographic factor in clinical practive, but may also play a vital role in the molecular heterogeneity of MDD. Although many molecular changes correlated with MDD are found in males, the molecular mechanisms of MDD remain poorly understood. The present study performed bioinformatics analysis to investigate the pathomechanism of MDD in males. The present study identified miR‑124‑3p as one of the most dysregulated miRNAs in MDD, with decreased expression in the post‑mortem BA44 brain area of male patients with MDD. In addition, miR‑124‑3p targets DNA damage‑inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) and specificity protein 1 (SP1), a DDIT4 transcription factor, in the validated target module of the miRWalk 2.0 database. This is concurrent with an increase in the expression level of DDIT4, which is an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. It was also demonstrated that miR‑124‑3p expression was positively associated with mTOR signaling and this relationship was dependent on the tuberous sclerosis proteins 1/2 complex. Taken together, these results provided a novel insight on miR‑124‑3p involvement in the biological alterations of male patients with MDD and suggested that this miRNA may also serve as a male‑specific target for antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272051, P.R. China
| | - Gaofeng Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272051, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272051, P.R. China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272051, P.R. China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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16
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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:560-569. [PMID: 28410627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.02.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 (or n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are promising antidepressant treatments for perinatal depression (PND) because of supporting evidence from clinical trials, the advantage in safety, and their anti-inflammatory and neuroplastic effects. Although several observational studies have shown n-3 PUFA deficits in women with PND, the results of individual PUFAs from different studies were inconsistent. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the levels of PUFA indices, including eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, total n-3, total n-6, and the n-6/n-3 ratio between women with PND and healthy control subjects. The meta-analysis included 12 eligible studies available as of December 2016. The effect sizes were synthesized by using a random effects model. In addition, we performed subgroup analysis for the PUFA levels in patients with prenatal and postnatal depression, both of which were compared with healthy control subjects. RESULTS There were significantly lower levels of total n-3 PUFAs and docosahexaenoic acid and significantly increased n-6/n-3 ratios in PND patients. In the subgroup analyses, there were significantly lower levels of n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid in women with prenatal depression. The n-6/n-3 ratio was significantly increased in both prenatal and postnatal depression subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis consolidates the important role of n-3 PUFAs in PND. Nutritional medicine is an important strategy to improve the effectiveness of treatment for depression, and our findings provide the strong rationale to conduct clinical trials to test the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of n-3 PUFAs in PND.
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17
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Zuccoli GS, Saia-Cereda VM, Nascimento JM, Martins-de-Souza D. The Energy Metabolism Dysfunction in Psychiatric Disorders Postmortem Brains: Focus on Proteomic Evidence. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:493. [PMID: 28936160 PMCID: PMC5594406 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders represent a great medical and social challenge and people suffering from these conditions face many impairments regarding personal and professional life. In addition, a mental disorder will manifest itself in approximately one quarter of the world's population at some period of their life. Dysfunction in energy metabolism is one of the most consistent scientific findings associated with these disorders. With this is mind, this review compiled data on disturbances in energy metabolism found by proteomic analyses of postmortem brains collected from patients affected by the most prevalent psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BPD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). We searched in the PubMed database to gather the studies and compiled all the differentially expressed proteins reported in each work. SCZ studies revealed 92 differentially expressed proteins related to energy metabolism, while 95 proteins were discovered in BPD, and 41 proteins in MDD. With the compiled data, it was possible to determine which proteins related to energy metabolism were found to be altered in all the disorders as well as which ones were altered exclusively in one of them. In conclusion, the information gathered in this work could contribute to a better understanding of the impaired metabolic mechanisms and hopefully bring insights into the underlying neuropathology of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana S Zuccoli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnologicoSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Verônica M Saia-Cereda
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnologicoSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Nascimento
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnologicoSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnologicoSão Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid normalizes hippocampal omega-3 and 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid profile, attenuates glial activation and regulates BDNF function in a rodent model of neuroinflammation induced by central interleukin-1β administration. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1781-1791. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Lipids in psychiatric disorders and preventive medicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 76:336-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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20
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Knowles EEM, Meikle PJ, Huynh K, Göring HHH, Olvera RL, Mathias SR, Duggirala R, Almasy L, Blangero J, Curran JE, Glahn DC. Serum phosphatidylinositol as a biomarker for bipolar disorder liability. Bipolar Disord 2017; 19:107-115. [PMID: 28230325 PMCID: PMC5798864 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individuals with bipolar disorder (BPD) exhibit alterations in their phospholipid levels. It is unclear whether these alterations are a secondary consequence of illness state, or if phospholipids and illness risk overlap genetically. If the latter were true, then phospholipids might provide key insights into the pathophysiology of the illness. Therefore, we rank-ordered phospholipid classes by their genetic overlap with BPD risk in order to establish which class might be most informative in terms of increasing our understanding of illness pathophysiology. METHODS Analyses were conducted in a sample of 558 individuals, unselected for BPD, from 38 extended pedigrees (average family size=14.79, range=2-82). We calculated a coefficient of relatedness for all family members of nine individuals with BPD in the sample (N=185); this coefficient was set to be zero in unrelated individuals (N=373). Then, under an endophenotype ranking value (ERV) approach, this scalar index was tested against 13 serum-based phospholipid concentrations in order to rank-order lipid classes by their respective overlap with BPD risk. RESULTS The phosphatidylinositol class was significantly heritable (h2 =0.26, P=6.71 × 10-05 ). It was the top-ranked class, and was significantly associated with BPD risk after correction for multiple testing (β=-1.18, P=2.10 × 10-03 , ERV=0.49). CONCLUSIONS We identified a peripheral biomarker, serum-based phosphatidylinositol, which exhibits a significant association with BPD risk. Therefore, given that phosphatidylinositol and BPD risk share partially common etiology, it seems that this lipid class warrants further investigation, not only in terms of treatment, but also as a promising diagnostic and risk marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma EM Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Correspondence: Emma E. M. Knowles, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Harald HH Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity, Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Rene L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas, Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity, Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity, Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity, Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
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Radcliffe J, Thomas J, Bramley A, Kouris-Blazos A, Radford B, Scholey A, Pipingas A, Thomas C, Itsiopoulos C. Controversies in omega-3 efficacy and novel concepts for application. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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22
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Bozzatello P, Brignolo E, De Grandi E, Bellino S. Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Literature Data. J Clin Med 2016; 5:E67. [PMID: 27472373 PMCID: PMC4999787 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5080067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new application for omega-3 fatty acids has recently emerged, concerning the treatment of several mental disorders. This indication is supported by data of neurobiological research, as highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) are highly concentrated in neural phospholipids and are important components of the neuronal cell membrane. They modulate the mechanisms of brain cell signaling, including the dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways. The aim of this review is to provide a complete and updated account of the empirical evidence of the efficacy and safety that are currently available for omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The main evidence for the effectiveness of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been obtained in mood disorders, in particular in the treatment of depressive symptoms in unipolar and bipolar depression. There is some evidence to support the use of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of conditions characterized by a high level of impulsivity and aggression and borderline personality disorders. In patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, small-to-modest effects of omega-3 HUFAs have been found. The most promising results have been reported by studies using high doses of EPA or the association of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. In schizophrenia, current data are not conclusive and do not allow us either to refuse or support the indication of omega-3 fatty acids. For the remaining psychiatric disturbances, including autism spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders and substance use disorder, the data are too scarce to draw any conclusion. Concerning tolerability, several studies concluded that omega-3 can be considered safe and well tolerated at doses up to 5 g/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bozzatello
- Centre for Personality Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Elena Brignolo
- Centre for Personality Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Elisa De Grandi
- Centre for Personality Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Silvio Bellino
- Centre for Personality Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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Knöchel C, Voss M, Grüter F, Alves GS, Matura S, Sepanski B, Stäblein M, Wenzler S, Prvulovic D, Carvalho AF, Oertel-Knöchel V. Omega 3 Fatty Acids: Novel Neurotherapeutic Targets for Cognitive Dysfunction in Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia? Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 13:663-80. [PMID: 26467414 PMCID: PMC4761636 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150630173047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidences from preclinical as well as epidemiological and clinical
studies suggest a potential beneficial role of dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids for cognitive functioning.
In this narrative review, we will summarize and discuss recent findings from epidemiological, interventional
and experimental studies linking dietary consumption of omega-3 fatty acids to cognitive
function in healthy adults. Furthermore, affective disorders and schizophrenia (SZ) are characterized
by cognitive dysfunction encompassing several domains. Cognitive dysfunction is closely related to impaired functioning
and quality of life across these conditions. Therefore, the current review focues on the potential influence of omega-3 fatty
acids on cognition in SZ and affective disorders. In sum, current data predominantly from mechanistic models and animal
studies suggest that adjunctive omega-3 fatty acid supplementation could lead to improved cognitive functioning in SZ
and affective disorders. However, besides its translational promise, evidence for clinical benefits in humans has been
mixed. Notwithstanding evidences indicate that adjunctive omega-3 fatty acids may have benefit for affective symptoms
in both unipolar and bipolar depression, to date no randomized controlled trial had evaluated omega-3 as cognitive
enhancer for mood disorders, while a single published controlled trial suggested no therapeutic benefit for cognitive
improvement in SZ. Considering the pleiotropic mechanisms of action of omega-3 fatty acids, the design of well-designed
controlled trials of omega-3 supplementation as a novel, domain-specific, target for cognitive impairment in SZ and
affective disorders is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Viola Oertel-Knöchel
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy; Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, Goethe-University, 60528 Frankfurt
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Onozato M, Nishikiori M, Iizuka H, Ichiba H, Sadamoto K, Fukushima T. Determination of sex-based differences in serum γ-linolenic [corrected] acid and dihomo-γ-linolenic [corrected] acid using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 997:116-21. [PMID: 26113452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Because serum unsaturated fatty acids can provide useful information on disease diagnosis, the simultaneous determination of several fatty acids in small volumes of human serum would be beneficial for clinical applications. In the present study, serum fatty acids were extracted with n-heptane/chloroform from 10μL of serum collected from 26 healthy Japanese subjects (11 men, ages 23-37 years; 15 women, ages 18-37 years) after deproteinization with perchloric acid, derivatization to their methyl ester using p-toluenesulfonic acid as an acid catalyst, and subsequent separation and measurement by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the selected ion monitoring mode. Nine types of fatty acids (palmitoleic acid [PLA], oleic acid [OA], linoleic [corrected] acid [LA], γ-linolenic acid [GLA], α-linolenic acid [ALA], dihomo-GLA [DGLA], arachidonic acid [AA], eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA], and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) were analyzed in the serum within 35 min by GC-MS. The concentrations of these fatty acids in serum ranged from 3.64±0.38μM (GLA) to 413±26.3 μM (LA). Among these nine fatty acids, GLA and DGLA levels were significantly lower in women than in men (p=0.0034 and 0.0012, respectively), suggesting that there may be sex-based differences in the biosynthetic production or metabolic processes of GLA and DGLA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Onozato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Minami Nishikiori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hideaki Iizuka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ichiba
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Sadamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yokohama College of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukushima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
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Beydoun MA, Fanelli Kuczmarski MT, Beydoun HA, Rostant OS, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Associations of the Ratios of n-3 to n-6 Dietary Fatty Acids With Longitudinal Changes in Depressive Symptoms Among US Women. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 181:691-705. [PMID: 25855645 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined longitudinal changes in self-reported depressive symptoms (and related domains) in relation to baseline intakes of n-3 fatty acids (absolute and relative to n-6 fatty acids). Sex-specific associations were evaluated in a prospective cohort of adults (n = 2,053) from Baltimore, Maryland, who were 30-64 years of age at baseline and were followed for a mean of 4.65 (standard deviation, 0.93) years (2004-2013). Using mean intakes of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids reported on two 24-hour dietary recalls, we estimated the ratios of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids for both highly unsaturated fatty acids (≥20 carbon atoms) (HUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥18 carbon atoms) (PUFAs). Outcomes included total and domain-specific scores on the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. Based on mixed-effects regression models, among women, both higher n-3 HUFA:n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA:n-6 PUFA ratios were associated with a slower rate of increase in total Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scores over time. Higher n-3 HUFA:n-6 HUFA ratios were associated with slower increases in somatic complaints in men, whereas among women, higher n-3 HUFA:n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA:n-6 PUFA ratios were both linked to putative longitudinal improvement in positive affect over time. Among US adults, n-3:n-6 dietary fatty acid ratio was associated with longitudinal changes in depressive symptoms, with a higher ratio linked to a slower increase in depressive symptoms over time, particularly among women.
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Xing H, Zhang K, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Gu L, Shi H, Bi K, Chen X. Determination of depression biomarkers in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the study of the antidepressant effect of Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction on rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 988:135-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rege S, Mackworth-Young C. Antiphospholipid antibodies as biomarkers in psychiatry: review of psychiatric manifestations in antiphospholipid syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3402/tdp.v3.25452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Yang JR, Han D, Qiao ZX, Tian X, Qi D, Qiu XH. Combined application of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on depression in women: a meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:2055-61. [PMID: 26300645 PMCID: PMC4536843 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s86581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that depression can be effectively treated by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the clinical applicability of the combination of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are the two major bioactive types of PUFAs, in depressed women. METHODS RCTs that compared the combination of DHA and EPA to placebo for short-course treatment of depression in women were systematically reviewed up to March 2015. Outcome measurement was the standardized difference in means in clinical measure of depression severity. Random effect model was performed. Meta-regression analysis was performed to assess the effects of baseline depression scores. RESULTS Data were obtained from eight RCTs. In these RCTs, 182 patients received placebo and 185 patients received DHA and EPA. The pooled standardized difference in mean was 0.65 with 95% CI = [0.18, 1.12]. There was no relation between the efficacy and the baseline depression scores. The sensitivity analysis found that the combination of EPA and DHA as monotherapy yielded a standardized difference in means of 0.65 (95% CI =0.41, 0.90) without heterogeneity. DISCUSSION These results indicate a beneficial effect of the combination of EPA and DHA on depressed mood in women compared with placebo. The clinical applicability of EPA and DHA showed greater promise and should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Run Yang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Medical Psychology, Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Xue Qiao
- Department of Medical Psychology, Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Medical Psychology, Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Qi
- Department of Medical Psychology, Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Qiu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Moaddel R, Luckenbaugh DA, Xie Y, Villaseñor A, Brutsche NE, Machado-Vieira R, Ramamoorthy A, Lorenzo MP, Garcia A, Bernier M, Torjman MC, Barbas C, Zarate CA, Wainer IW. D-serine plasma concentration is a potential biomarker of (R,S)-ketamine antidepressant response in subjects with treatment-resistant depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:399-409. [PMID: 25056852 PMCID: PMC5990001 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE (R,S)-ketamine is a rapid and effective antidepressant drug that produces a response in two thirds of patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The underlying biochemical differences between a (R,S)-ketamine responder (KET-R) and non-responder (KET-NR) have not been definitively identified but may involve serine metabolism. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between baseline plasma concentrations of D-serine and its precursor L-serine and antidepressant response to (R,S)-ketamine in TRD patients. METHODS Plasma samples were obtained from 21 TRD patients at baseline, 60 min before initiation of the (R,S)-ketamine infusion. Patients were classified as KET-Rs (n = 8) or KET-NRs (n = 13) based upon the difference in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores at baseline and 230 min after infusion, with response defined as a ≥50 % decrease in MADRS score. The plasma concentrations of D-serine and L-serine were determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Baseline D-serine plasma concentrations were significantly lower in KET-Rs (3.02 ± 0.21 μM) than in KET-NRs (4.68 ± 0.81 μM), p < 0.001. A significant relationship between baseline D-serine plasma concentrations and percent change in MADRS at 230 min was determined using a Pearson correlation, r = 0.77, p < 0.001, with baseline D-serine explaining 60 % of the variance in (R,S)-ketamine response. The baseline concentrations of L-serine (L-Ser) in KET-Rs were also significantly lower than those measured in KET-NRs (66.2 ± 9.6 μM vs 242.9 ± 5.6 μM, respectively; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that the baseline D-serine plasma concentrations were significantly lower in KET-Rs than in KET-NRs and suggest that this variable can be used to predict an antidepressant response following (R,S)-ketamine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruin Moaddel
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
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Villaseñor A, Ramamoorthy A, Silva dos Santos M, Lorenzo MP, Laje G, Zarate C, Barbas C, Wainer IW. A pilot study of plasma metabolomic patterns from patients treated with ketamine for bipolar depression: evidence for a response-related difference in mitochondrial networks. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2230-42. [PMID: 24684390 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE (R,S)-ketamine produces rapid and significant antidepressant effects in approximately 65% of patients suffering from treatment-resistant bipolar depression (BD). The genetic, pharmacological and biochemical differences between ketamine responders and non-responders have not been identified. The purpose of this study was to employ a metabolomics approach, a global, non-targeted determination of endogenous metabolic patterns, to identify potential markers of ketamine response and non-response. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Plasma samples from 22 BD patients were analyzed to produce metabolomic patterns. The patients had received ketamine in a placebo-controlled crossover study and the samples were obtained 230 min post-administration at which time the patients were categorized as responders or non-responders. Matching plasma samples from the placebo arm of the study were also analysed. During the study, the patients were maintained on either lithium or valproate. KEY RESULTS The metabolomic patterns were significantly different between the patients maintained on lithium and those maintained on valproate, irrespective of response to ketamine. In the patients maintained on lithium, 18 biomarkers were identified. In responders, lysophosphatidylethanolamines (4) and lysophosphatidylcholines (9) were increased relative to non-responders. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results indicate that the differences between patients who respond to ketamine and those who do not are due to alterations in the mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids. These differences were not produced by ketamine administration. The data indicate that pretreatment metabolomics screening may be a guide to the prediction of response and a potential approach to the individualization of ketamine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Villaseñor
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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Sharma AN, Bauer IE, Sanches M, Galvez JF, Zunta-Soares GB, Quevedo J, Kapczinski F, Soares JC. Common biological mechanisms between bipolar disorder and type 2 diabetes: Focus on inflammation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 54:289-98. [PMID: 24969830 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder (BD) patients present a 3-5 fold greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to general population. The underlying mechanisms for the increased prevalence of T2D in BD population are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review is to critically review evidence suggesting that inflammation may have an important role in the development of both BD and T2D. RESULTS The literature covered in this review suggests that inflammatory dysregulation take place among many BD patients. Such dysregulated and low grade chronic inflammatory process may also increase the prevalence of T2D in BD population. Current evidence supports the hypothesis of dysregulated inflammatory processes as a critical upstream event in BD as well as in T2D. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation may be a factor for the development of T2D in BD population. The identification of inflammatory markers common to these two medical conditions will enable researchers and clinicians to better understand the etiology of BD and develop treatments that simultaneously target all aspects of this multi-system condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaykumar N Sharma
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabelle E Bauer
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marsal Sanches
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan F Galvez
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovana B Zunta-Soares
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Flavio Kapczinski
- Center for Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jair C Soares
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Nishikiori M, Iizuka H, Ichiba H, Sadamoto K, Fukushima T. Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Human Serum by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:537-41. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bhattacharyya M, Marston L, Walters K, D'Costa G, King M, Nazareth I. Psychological distress, gender and dietary factors in South Asians: a cross-sectional survey. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:1538-46. [PMID: 23768422 PMCID: PMC10282352 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001300147x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychological distress, defined as symptoms of depression and anxiety, is an increasingly important public health issue in developing countries. Little is known about the extent to which adverse dietary factors are associated with psychological distress in South Asians. Our aim was to compare the associations of diet and psychological distress in men and women in Goa, India. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of consecutive attendees in nine urban and rural general practices in Goa, India in 2004-2005. All participants completed an FFQ on their dietary intake in a typical week. Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), a WHO-validated screening instrument. RESULTS Consecutive attendees (n 1512; 601 men and 911 women) aged 30 to 75 years participated. Moderate and high scores of psychological distress were detected in significantly more women than men (eighty-eight men v. 264 women, unadjusted OR = 0·39; 95 % CI 0·29, 0·52). Those who ate one or more portions of fish weekly had nearly half the prevalence of distress in both sexes (women, OR = 0·52; 95 % CI 0·29, 0·91; men, OR = 0·50; 95 % CI 0·25, 0·99) and this was independent of age, marital status, education, income, religion and living alone. CONCLUSIONS Psychological distress is significantly lower with fish intake in both sexes. Further longitudinal work is needed to establish temporal relationships. Addressing psychological distress is becoming an increasingly significant public health priority in both high- and low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Bhattacharyya
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Louise Marston
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Kate Walters
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | | | - Michael King
- Research Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Irwin Nazareth
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
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The potential biomarker panels for identification of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients with and without early life stress (ELS) by metabonomic analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97479. [PMID: 24870353 PMCID: PMC4037179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The lack of the disease biomarker to support objective laboratory tests still constitutes a bottleneck in the clinical diagnosis and evaluation of major depressive disorder (MDD) and its subtypes. We used metabonomic techniques to screen the diagnostic biomarker panels from the plasma of MDD patients with and without early life stress (ELS) experience. Methods Plasma samples were collected from 25 healthy adults and 46 patients with MDD, including 23 patients with ELS and 23 patients without ELS. Furthermore, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) coupled with multivariate statistical analysis was used to identify the differences in global plasma metabolites among the 3 groups. Results The distinctive metabolic profiles exist either between healthy subjects and MDD patients or between the MDD patients with ELS experience (ELS/MDD patients) and the MDD patients without it (non-ELS/MDD patients), and some diagnostic panels of feature metabolites' combination have higher predictive potential than the diagnostic panels of differential metabolites. Conclusions These findings in this study have high potential of being used as novel laboratory diagnostic tool for MDD patients and it with ELS or not in clinical application.
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Zhan Y, Yang YT, You HM, Cao D, Liu CY, Zhou CJ, Wang ZY, Bai SJ, Mu J, Wu B, Zhan QL, Xie P. Plasma-based proteomics reveals lipid metabolic and immunoregulatory dysregulation in post-stroke depression. Eur Psychiatry 2014; 29:307-15. [PMID: 24853294 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common psychiatric complication facing stroke survivors and has been associated with increased distress, physical disability, poor rehabilitation, and suicidal ideation. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PSD remain unknown, and no objective laboratory-based test is available to aid PSD diagnosis or monitor progression. METHODS Here, an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic approach was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins in plasma samples obtained from PSD, stroke, and healthy control subjects. RESULTS The significantly differentiated proteins were primarily involved in lipid metabolism and immunoregulation. Six proteins associated with these processes--apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA-IV), apolipoprotein C-II (ApoC-II), C-reactive protein (CRP), gelsolin, haptoglobin, and leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG)--were selected for Western blotting validation. ApoA-IV expression was significantly upregulated in PSD as compared to stroke subjects. ApoC-II, LRG, and CRP expression were significantly downregulated in both PSD and HC subjects relative to stroke subjects. Gelsolin and haptoglobin expression were significantly dysregulated across all three groups with the following expression profiles: gelsolin, healthy control>PSD>stroke subjects; haptoglobin, stroke>PSD>healthy control. CONCLUSIONS Early perturbation of lipid metabolism and immunoregulation may be involved in the pathophysiology of PSD. The combination of increased gelsolin levels accompanied by decreased haptoglobin levels shows promise as a plasma-based diagnostic biomarker panel for detecting increased PSD risk in post-stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y-T Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital at Chongqing Medical University, 1, Yixue Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H-M You
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - D Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital at Chongqing Medical University, 1, Yixue Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - C-Y Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - C-J Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital at Chongqing Medical University, 1, Yixue Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Z-Y Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - S-J Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Mu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital at Chongqing Medical University, 1, Yixue Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - B Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Q-L Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - P Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital at Chongqing Medical University, 1, Yixue Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Selection and dynamic metabolic response of rat biomarkers by metabonomics and multivariate statistical analysis combined with GC–MS. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 117:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Beydoun MA, Fanelli Kuczmarski MT, Beydoun HA, Hibbeln JR, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. ω-3 fatty acid intakes are inversely related to elevated depressive symptoms among United States women. J Nutr 2013; 143:1743-52. [PMID: 24005610 PMCID: PMC3796345 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.179119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence that depressive symptoms are inversely related to n-3 (ω-3) fatty acids is growing among United States adults. We assessed whether self-reported depressive symptoms were inversely associated with n-3 fatty acid intakes by using a cross-sectional study in 1746 adults (aged 30-65 y) in Baltimore City, MD (2004-2009). The 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was used, with a CES-D score ≥16 suggestive of elevated depressive symptoms (EDS). By using the mean of two 24-h dietary recalls, n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs; ≥20 carbons), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; ≥18 carbons), and plausible ratios with n-6 (ω6) fatty acids were estimated. EDS prevalence was 18.1% among men and 25.6% among women. In women, the uppermost tertile (tertile 3) of n-3 PUFAs (compared with tertile 1) was associated with reduced odds of EDS by 49%, with a substantial sex differential. The n-3 PUFA:n-6:PUFA ratio was inversely related to EDS among women (tertile 2 vs. tertile 1, OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.41, 1.32; tertile 3 vs. tertile 1, OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.83). A similar pattern was noted for n-3 HUFA:n-6 HUFA among women. For CES-D subscales, n-3 PUFA (% of energy) was inversely related to somatic complaints, whereas positive affect was directly related to n-3 HUFA (% of energy; total population and among women), n-3 HUFA:n-6 HUFA (women), and n-3 HUFA:n-6 PUFA (total population and among women). In sum, among United States women, higher intakes of n-3 fatty acids [absolute (n-3) and relative to n-6 fatty acids (n-3:n-6)] were associated with lower risk of elevated depressive symptoms, specifically in domains of somatic complaints (mainly n-3 PUFAs) and positive affect (mainly n-3 HUFAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- May A. Beydoun
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | | | - Hind A. Beydoun
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA; and
| | - Joseph R. Hibbeln
- Nutritional Neurosciences Section, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michele K. Evans
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD
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Su KP, Wang SM, Pae CU. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for major depressive disorder. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:1519-34. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.836487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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Bufalino C, Hepgul N, Aguglia E, Pariante CM. The role of immune genes in the association between depression and inflammation: a review of recent clinical studies. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 31:31-47. [PMID: 22580182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role for dysregulation of the immune system in the pathogenesis of depressive disorder is well established, and emerging research suggests the role of an underlying genetic vulnerability. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing literature on the genetic variants involved in neurobiological pathways associated with both immune activation and depression. Using PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid of Medline, PsycINFO and ISI web of Knowledge, we selected 52 papers which are relevant for this literature review. Findings across the literature suggest that functional allelic variants of genes for interleukin-1beta (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as genetic variations affecting T-cell function, may increase the risk for depression. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-11 genes, and in those regulating T-cell function may be associated with reduced responsiveness to antidepressant therapy. There is also some evidence indicative of a role of genetic variants of the enzymes, Cyclo-oxygenase2 (COX-2) and Phospholipase2 (PLA2), in the aetiology of depression. Finally, SNPs in genes related to the serotonin pathway may play a fundamental role in the shared genetic liability to both immune activation and depressive symptoms. Our review confirms that genetic variants influence the biological mechanisms by which the innate immune system contributes to the development of depression. However, future studies are necessary to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bufalino
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
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Sylvia LG, Peters AT, Deckersbach T, Nierenberg AA. Nutrient-based therapies for bipolar disorder: a systematic review. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2013; 82:10-9. [PMID: 23147067 DOI: 10.1159/000341309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacotherapy is the first line of treatment for bipolar disorder, but many patients continue to experience persistent subthreshold symptoms. Alternative adjunct treatments, including nutritional therapies, may have the potential to alleviate residual symptoms and improve the outcomes of standard pharmacotherapy. The aim of this paper is to critically review the current clinical evidence and mechanisms of action of nutrient-based therapies alone or in combination with commonly used pharmacotherapies for mania and bipolar depression. METHODS We conducted a Medline search for clinical trials conducted with humans, published in English from 1960 to 2012 using nutritional supplements such as n-3, chromium, inositol, choline, magnesium, folate and tryptophan alone or in combination with pharmacotherapies for the treatment of bipolar disorder. RESULTS Preliminary data yields conflicting but mainly positive evidence for the use of n-3 fatty acids and chromium in the treatment of bipolar depression. Limited evidence found that inositol may be helpful for bipolar depression, but larger sample sizes are needed. Preliminary randomized, controlled trials suggest that choline, magnesium, folate and tryptophan may be beneficial for reducing symptoms of mania. CONCLUSIONS Given the potential public health impact of identifying adjunct treatments that improve psychiatric as well as physical health outcomes, nutritional treatments appear promising for the management of bipolar disorder but require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa G Sylvia
- Bipolar Clinic and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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A comparative genomic study in schizophrenic and in bipolar disorder patients, based on microarray expression profiling meta-analysis. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:685917. [PMID: 23554570 PMCID: PMC3608181 DOI: 10.1155/2013/685917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia affecting almost 1% and bipolar disorder affecting almost 3%–5% of the global population constitute two severe mental disorders. The catecholaminergic and the serotonergic pathways have been proved to play an important role in the development of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other related psychiatric disorders. The aim of the study was to perform and interpret the results of a comparative genomic profiling study in schizophrenic patients as well as in healthy controls and in patients with bipolar disorder and try to relate and integrate our results with an aberrant amino acid transport through cell membranes. In particular we have focused on genes and mechanisms involved in amino acid transport through cell membranes from whole genome expression profiling data. We performed bioinformatic analysis on raw data derived from four different published studies. In two studies postmortem samples from prefrontal cortices, derived from patients with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and control subjects, have been used. In another study we used samples from postmortem orbitofrontal cortex of bipolar subjects while the final study was performed based on raw data from a gene expression profiling dataset in the postmortem superior temporal cortex of schizophrenics. The data were downloaded from NCBI's GEO datasets.
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Plasma phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin concentrations are associated with depression and anxiety symptoms in a Dutch family-based lipidomics study. J Psychiatr Res 2013. [PMID: 23207112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system has the second highest concentration of lipids after adipose tissue. Alterations in neural membrane phospho- and sphingolipid composition can influence crucial intra- and intercellular signalling and alter the membrane's properties. Recently, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) hypothesis for depression suggests that phospho- and sphingolipid metabolism includes potential pathways for the disease. In 742 people from a Dutch family-based study, we assessed the relationships between 148 different plasma phospho- and sphingolipid species and depression/anxiety symptoms as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS-A and HADS-D) and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). We observed significant differences in plasma sphingomyelins (SPM), particularly the SPM 23:1/SPM 16:0 ratio, which was inversely correlated with depressive symptom scores. We observed a similar trend for plasma phosphatidylcholines (PC), particularly the molar proportion of PC O 36:4 and its ratio to ceramide CER 20:0. Absolute levels of PC O 36:4 were also associated with depression symptoms in an independent replication. To our knowledge this is the first study on depressive symptoms that focuses on specific phospho- and sphingolipid molecules in plasma rather than total PUFA concentrations. The findings of this lipidomic study suggests that plasma sphingomyelins and ether phospholipids should be further studied for their potential as biomarkers and for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of this systemic disease.
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Zeng YX, Mjøs SA, Meier S, Lin CC, Vadla R. Least squares spectral resolution of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry data of glycerophospholipids. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1280:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Calkin CV, Gardner DM, Ransom T, Alda M. The relationship between bipolar disorder and type 2 diabetes: more than just co-morbid disorders. Ann Med 2013; 45:171-81. [PMID: 22621171 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2012.687835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rates are three times higher in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), compared to the general population. This is a major contributing factor to the elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality, the leading cause of death in bipolar patients. There may be shared pathophysiology linking the two disorders, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and mitochondrial dysfunction, common genetic links, and epigenetic interactions. Life-style, phenomenology of bipolar symptoms, and adverse effects of pharmacotherapy may be contributing factors. Patients with BD and T2DM have a more severe course of illness and are more refractory to treatment. Control of their diabetes is poorer when compared to diabetics without BD, and an existing disparity in medical care may be partly responsible. Glucose abnormalities in bipolar patients need to be screened for and treated. Metformin appears to have the best benefit/risk ratio, and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and analogues also appear promising, although these agents have not been specifically studied in populations with mood disorders. Physicians need to be aware of the increased risk for T2DM and cardiovascular disease in bipolar patients, and appropriate prevention, screening, case finding, and treatment is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia V Calkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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45
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Dietary interventions with n-3 fatty acids or probiotics targeting post-myocardial infarction depression. Br J Nutr 2013; 109:1-3. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512004254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Yao W, Li J, Wang JJ, Zhou W, Wang Q, Zhu R, Wang F, Thacker P. Effects of dietary ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on immunoglobulins, cytokines, fatty acid composition, and performance of lactating sows and suckling piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2012; 3:43. [PMID: 23270637 PMCID: PMC3598561 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-3-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary ratios of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the performance of lactating sows and their piglets. Thirty pregnant Landrace sows were assigned to one of three treatments from d 108 of gestation until weaning (26–29 d) and were fed diets containing different ratios of n-6:n-3 PUFA including 3:1, 9:1 and 13:1. The effects on sow and litter production traits were examined together with an assessment of sow body condition. No differences were detected among the treatments for the daily feed intake of sows or changes in sow weight and back-fat levels during lactation (P > 0.05). Litter size at d 14 and d 21 were tended to increase in 3:1 treatment compared with 9:1 and 13:1 treatments (P < 0.10). Litter weight gain (1.77 kg/d) from d 0 to d 14 was tended to increase in 9:1 groups compared with the other two treatments (P < 0.10). A significant difference was observed for the content of α -linolenic acid, total n-3 PUFA, and the ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA in the colostrum, milk, and piglets plasma (P < 0.01). The effects of different ratios of n-6:n-3 PUFA in sow diets on colostrum, milk, and piglet plasma immunoglobulin concentrations are studied. No difference was observed among treatments in the concentrations of IgM, and IgA in colostrum (P > 0.05). A great significant difference for IgG concentration was observed among 3 group in colostrum. A great significant difference for IgA, and IgM (P < 0.01) concentrations in piglet plasma at d14 and a significant difference for IgG(P < 0.05) was observed at d14. Furthermore, at d 21 of lactation, piglet plasma IgG and IgA concentration were greater in 3:1 compared with 13:1 group (P < 0.01). In summary, the current study demonstrated that altering the ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA in lactating sow diet had an effect on the immune component including immunoglobulin and cytokines, and it tended to increase the litter average daily gain and improve the immune status of piglets when dietary ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA was 9:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yao
- Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Yuanming Yuan western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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Ormarsson OT, Geirsson T, Bjornsson ES, Jonsson T, Moller P, Loftsson T, Stefansson E. Clinical trial: marine lipid suppositories as laxatives. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:2047-2054. [PMID: 23118720 PMCID: PMC3475272 DOI: 10.3390/md10092047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cod-liver oil and other marine products containing polyunsaturated fatty acids have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-viral effects and may be useful in the treatment of various inflammatory and infectious diseases. We developed suppositories and ointment with 30% free fatty acid (FFA) extract from omega-3 fish oil. Our purpose was to evaluate the safety of marine lipid suppositories and ointment in healthy volunteers and to explore the laxative effect of the suppositories. Thirty healthy volunteers were randomized either to a study group administrating 30% FFA suppositories and applying 30% FFA ointment to the perianal region twice per day for two weeks, or to a control group using placebo suppositories and ointment in a double blinded manner. Results: No serious toxic effects or irritation were observed. In the study group 93% felt the urge to defecate after administration of the suppositories as compared to 37% in the control group (P = 0.001). Subsequently 90% in the study group defecated, compared to 33% in the control group (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The marine lipid suppositories and ointment were well tolerated with no significant toxic side effects observed during the study period. The suppositories have a distinct laxative effect and we aim to explore this effect in further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orri Thor Ormarsson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (E.S.B.); (T.J.); (P.M.); (T.L.); (E.S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +354-543-1000; Fax: +354-543-3021
| | - Thormodur Geirsson
- School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (E.S.B.); (T.J.); (P.M.); (T.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Einar Stefan Bjornsson
- School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (E.S.B.); (T.J.); (P.M.); (T.L.); (E.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Tomas Jonsson
- School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (E.S.B.); (T.J.); (P.M.); (T.L.); (E.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Pall Moller
- School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (E.S.B.); (T.J.); (P.M.); (T.L.); (E.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Thorsteinn Loftsson
- School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (E.S.B.); (T.J.); (P.M.); (T.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Einar Stefansson
- School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (E.S.B.); (T.J.); (P.M.); (T.L.); (E.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
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Abstract
To review the data with respect to prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in bipolar disorder patients. Electronic searches were done in PUBMED, Google Scholar and Science direct. From 2004 to June 2011, 34 articles were found which reported on the prevalence of MetS. The sample size of these studies varied from 15 to 822 patients, and the rates of MetS vary widely from 16.7% to 67% across different studies. None of the sociodemographic variable has emerged as a consistent risk factor for MetS. Among the clinical variables longer duration of illness, bipolar disorder- I, with greater number of lifetime depressive and manic episodes, and with more severe and difficult-to-treat index affective episode, with depression at onset and during acute episodes, lower in severity of mania during the index episode, later age of onset at first manic episode, later age at first treatment for the first treatment for both phases, less healthy diet as rated by patients themselves, absence of physical activity and family history of diabetes mellitus have been reported as clinical risk factors of MetS. Data suggests that metabolic syndrome is fairly prevalent in bipolar disorder patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Nidhi Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Subho Chakrabarti
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Parmanand Kulhara
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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Talib LL, Diniz BS, Zainaghi IA, Forlenza OV, Gattaz WF. A radioenzymatic assay to identify three groups of phospholipase A(2) in platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2012; 86:149-53. [PMID: 22498046 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)) are key enzymes in membrane metabolism. The release of fatty acids and lysophospholipids by PLA(2) activates several intra-cellular second messenger cascades that regulate a wide variety of physiological responses. The aim of the present study is to describe a radioenzymatic assay to determine the activity of three main PLA(2) subtypes in platelets, namely extracellular calcium-dependent PLA(2) (sPLA(2)) and intracellular calcium-dependent (cPLA(2)) and calcium-independent PLA(2) (iPLA(2)). The differentiation of these distinct PLA(2) subtypes was based on the enzyme substrate preference (arachdonic acid or palmitoyl acid) and calcium concentration. Our results indicate that this new assay is feasible, precise and specific to measure the activity of the aforementioned subtypes of PLA(2). Therefore, this protocol can be used to investigate modifications of PLA(2) homeostasis in distinct biological models addressing the pathophysiology of many medical and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda L Talib
- Laboratory of Neuroscience-LIM 27, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Gulliver C, Friend M, King B, Clayton E. The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in reproduction of sheep and cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 131:9-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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