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Zhang J, Tian Z, Qin C, Momeni MR. The effects of exercise on epigenetic modifications: focus on DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs. Hum Cell 2024; 37:887-903. [PMID: 38587596 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity on a regular basis has been shown to bolster the overall wellness of an individual; research is now revealing that these changes are accompanied by epigenetic modifications. Regular exercise has been proven to make intervention plans more successful and prolong adherence to them. When it comes to epigenetic changes, there are four primary components. This includes changes to the DNA, histones, expression of particular non-coding RNAs and DNA methylation. External triggers, such as physical activity, can lead to modifications in the epigenetic components, resulting in changes in the transcription process. This report pays attention to the current knowledge that pertains to the epigenetic alterations that occur after exercise, the genes affected and the resulting characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiong Zhang
- Xiamen Academy of Art and Design, Fuzhou University, Xiamen, 361024, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhongxin Tian
- College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Chao Qin
- College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
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2
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Cunha A, Perazzio S. Effects of immune exhaustion and senescence of innate immunity in autoimmune disorders. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13225. [PMID: 38896644 PMCID: PMC11186593 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate immune system activation is crucial in the inflammatory response, but uncontrolled activation can lead to autoimmune diseases. Cellular exhaustion and senescence are two processes that contribute to innate immune tolerance breakdown. Exhausted immune cells are unable to respond adequately to specific antigens or stimuli, while senescent cells have impaired DNA replication and metabolic changes. These processes can impair immune system function and disrupt homeostasis, leading to the emergence of autoimmunity. However, the influence of innate immune exhaustion and senescence on autoimmune disorders is not well understood. This review aims to describe the current findings on the role of innate immune exhaustion and senescence in autoimmunity, focusing on the cellular and molecular changes involved in each process. Specifically, the article explores the markers and pathways associated with immune exhaustion, such as PD-1 and TIM-3, and senescence, including Β-galactosidase (β-GAL), lamin B1, and p16ink4a, and their impact on autoimmune diseases, namely type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and immune-mediated myopathies. Understanding the mechanisms underlying innate immune exhaustion and senescence in autoimmunity may provide insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.L.S. Cunha
- Divisão de Reumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - S.F. Perazzio
- Divisão de Reumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Divisão de Imunologia, Laboratório Fleury, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório Central, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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3
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Hastings MH, Castro C, Freeman R, Abdul Kadir A, Lerchenmüller C, Li H, Rhee J, Roh JD, Roh K, Singh AP, Wu C, Xia P, Zhou Q, Xiao J, Rosenzweig A. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Contributors to the Cardiac Benefits of Exercise. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:535-552. [PMID: 38680954 PMCID: PMC11055208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Among its many cardiovascular benefits, exercise training improves heart function and protects the heart against age-related decline, pathological stress, and injury. Here, we focus on cardiac benefits with an emphasis on more recent updates to our understanding. While the cardiomyocyte continues to play a central role as both a target and effector of exercise's benefits, there is a growing recognition of the important roles of other, noncardiomyocyte lineages and pathways, including some that lie outside the heart itself. We review what is known about mediators of exercise's benefits-both those intrinsic to the heart (at the level of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, or vascular cells) and those that are systemic (including metabolism, inflammation, the microbiome, and aging)-highlighting what is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H. Hastings
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Claire Castro
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca Freeman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Azrul Abdul Kadir
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carolin Lerchenmüller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Haobo Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Rhee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason D. Roh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kangsan Roh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anand P. Singh
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peng Xia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiulian Zhou
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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4
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Caporossi D, Dimauro I. Exercise-induced redox modulation as a mediator of DNA methylation in health maintenance and disease prevention. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:113-122. [PMID: 38242245 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The evidence for physical activity (PA) as a major public health preventive approach and a potent medical therapy has increased exponentially in the last decades. The biomolecular mechanisms supporting the associations between PA and/or structured exercise training with health maintenance and disease prevention are not completely characterized. However, increasing evidence pointed out the role of epigenetic modifications in exercise adaptation and health-enhancing PA throughout life, DNA methylation being the most intensely studied epigenetic modification induced by acute and chronic exercise. The current data on the modulation of DNA methylation determined by physically active behavior or exercise interventions points out genes related to energy regulation, mitochondrial function, and biosynthesis, as well as muscle regeneration, calcium signaling pathways, and brain plasticity, all consistent with the known exercise-induced redox signaling and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) unbalance. Thus, the main focus of this review is to discuss the role of ROS and redox-signaling on DNA methylation profile and its impact on exercise-induced health benefits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome, 00135, Italy.
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome, 00135, Italy
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Wu H, Hu Y, Jiang C, Chen C. Global scientific trends in research of epigenetic response to exercise: A bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25644. [PMID: 38370173 PMCID: PMC10869857 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to comprehensively understand the adaptive response of multiple epigenetic modifications on gene expression changes driven by exercise. Here, we retrieved literatures from publications in the PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection databases up to and including October 15, 2023. After screening with the exclusion criteria, 1910 publications were selected in total, comprising 1399 articles and 511 reviews. Specifically, a total of 512, 224, and 772 publications is involved in DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs, respectively. The correlations between publication number, authors, institutions, countries, references, and the characteristics of hotspots were explored by CiteSpace. Here, the USA (621 publications) ranked the world's most-influential countries, the University of California System (68 publications) was the most productive, and Tiago Fernandes (14 publications) had the most-published publications. A comprehensive keyword analysis revealed that cardiovascular disease, cancer, skeletal muscle development, and metabolic syndrome, and are the research hotspots. The detailed impact of exercise was further discussed in different aspects of these three categories of epigenetic modifications. Detailed analysis of epigenetic modifications in response to exercise, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and changes in noncoding RNAs, will offer valuable information to help researchers understand hotspots and emerging trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Cai Jiang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 350122 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 350122, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Zhang R, Liu S, Mousavi SM. Cognitive Dysfunction and Exercise: From Epigenetic to Genetic Molecular Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03970-7. [PMID: 38286967 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining good health is crucial, and exercise plays a vital role in achieving this goal. It offers a range of positive benefits for cognitive function, regardless of age. However, as our population ages and life expectancy increases, cognitive impairment has become a prevalent issue, often coexisting with age-related neurodegenerative conditions. This can result in devastating consequences such as memory loss, difficulty speaking, and confusion, greatly hindering one's ability to lead an ordinary life. In addition, the decrease in mental capacity has a significant effect on an individual's physical and emotional well-being, greatly reducing their overall level of contentment and causing a significant financial burden for communities. While most current approaches aim to slow the decline of cognition, exercise offers a non-pharmacological, safe, and accessible solution. Its effects on cognition are intricate and involve changes in the brain's neural plasticity, mitochondrial stability, and energy metabolism. Moreover, exercise triggers the release of cytokines, playing a significant role in the body-brain connection and its impact on cognition. Additionally, exercise can influence gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, leading to lasting improvements in brain function and behavior. Herein, we summarized various genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that can be modulated by exercise in cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhong Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Luliang University, Lishi, 033000, Shanxi, China.
| | - Shangwu Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Luliang University, Lishi, 033000, Shanxi, China
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Jazieh C, Arabi TZ, Asim Z, Sabbah BN, Alsaud AW, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Unraveling the epigenetic fabric of type 2 diabetes mellitus: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1295967. [PMID: 38323108 PMCID: PMC10845351 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1295967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly escalating global health concern, with its prevalence projected to increase significantly in the near future. This review delves into the intricate role of epigenetic modifications - including DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression - in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM. We critically examine how these epigenetic changes contribute to the onset and exacerbation of T2DM by influencing key pathogenic processes such as obesity, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, cellular senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, we explore the involvement of epigenetic dysregulation in T2DM-associated complications, including diabetic retinopathy, atherosclerosis, neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy. This review highlights recent studies that underscore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic modifications in T2DM. We also provide an overview of the impact of lifestyle factors such as exercise and diet on the epigenetic landscape of T2DM, underscoring their relevance in disease management. Our synthesis of the current literature aims to illuminate the complex epigenetic underpinnings of T2DM, offering insights into novel preventative and therapeutic strategies that could revolutionize its management.
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Ramos-Lopez O. Epigenetic Biomarkers of Metabolic Responses to Lifestyle Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:4251. [PMID: 37836535 PMCID: PMC10574040 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have examined the possible utility of epigenetic phenomena (DNA methylation changes, covalent histone modifications, and miRNA expression patterns) in predicting individual responses to different lifestyle programs. Nonetheless, most available evidence is focused on identifying epigenetic marks eventually associated with body composition and adiposity outcomes, whereas their roles in metabolic endings remain less explored. This document comprehensively reviewed the evidence regarding the use of epigenetic signatures as putative biomarkers of metabolic outcomes (glycemic, lipid, blood pressure, and inflammatory/oxidative stress features) in response to different lifestyle interventions in humans. Although more investigation is still necessary in order to translate this knowledge in clinical practice, these scientific insights are contributing to the design of advanced strategies for the precise management of cardiometabolic risk, gaining understanding on metabolic heterogeneity, allowing for the prediction of metabolic outcomes, and facilitating the design of epigenome-based nutritional strategies for a more customized approach for metabolic alterations treatment under the scope of precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
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9
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Loh KP, Sanapala C, Jensen-Battaglia M, Rana A, Sohn MB, Watson E, Gilmore N, Klepin HD, Mendler JH, Liesveld J, Huselton E, LoCastro M, Susiarjo M, Netherby-Winslow C, Williams AM, Mustian K, Vertino P, Janelsins MC. Exercise and epigenetic ages in older adults with myeloid malignancies. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:180. [PMID: 37254221 PMCID: PMC10227405 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults with myeloid malignancies are susceptible to treatment-related toxicities. Accelerated DNAm age, or the difference between DNA methylation (DNAm) age and chronological age, may be used as a biomarker of biological age to predict individuals at risk. In addition, cancer treatment can also lead to accelerated DNAm age. Exercise is a promising intervention to reduce or prevent functional, psychological, and cognitive impairments in older patients with myeloid malignancies, yet there is little evidence of the effects of exercise on DNAm age. We explored (1) the associations of accelerated DNAm age with physical, psychological, and cognitive functions at baseline; (2) changes in DNAm age from baseline to post-intervention; and (3) the associations of changes in accelerated DNAm age with changes in functions from baseline to post-intervention. METHODS We enrolled older patients with myeloid malignancies to a single-arm pilot study testing a mobile health (mHealth) exercise intervention that combines an exercise program (EXCAP©®) with a mobile application over 2 cycles of chemotherapy (8-12 weeks). Patients completed measures of physical, psychological, and cognitive functions and provided blood samples for analyses of DNAm age at baseline and post-intervention. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed rank tests assessed changes in DNAm ages, and Spearman's correlation assessed the relationships between accelerated ages and functions. RESULTS We included 20 patients (mean age: 72 years, range 62-80). Accelerated GrimAge, accelerated PhenoAge, and DunedinPACE were stable from baseline to post-intervention. At baseline, DunedinPACE was correlated with worse grip strength (r = -0.41, p = 0.08). From baseline to post-intervention, decreases in accelerated GrimAge (r = -0.50, p = 0.02), accelerated PhenoAge (r = - 0.39, p = 0.09), and DunedinPace (r = - 0.43, p = 0.06) were correlated with increases in distance walked on 6-min walk test. Decreases in accelerated GrimAge (r = - 0.49, p = 0.03), accelerated PhenoAge (r = - 0.40, p = 0.08), and DunedinPace (r = - 0.41, p = 0.07) were correlated with increases in in grip strength. CONCLUSIONS Among older adults with myeloid malignancies receiving chemotherapy, GrimAge and PhenoAge on average are stable after a mHealth exercise intervention. Decreases in accelerated GrimAge, accelerated PhenoAge, and DunedinPACE over 8-12 weeks of exercise were correlated with increased physical performance. Future trials assessing the effects of exercise on treatment-related toxicities should evaluate DNAm age. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04981821.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Poh Loh
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 704, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | | | | | - Anish Rana
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Michael B. Sohn
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Erin Watson
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Nikesha Gilmore
- Division of Cancer Control, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Heidi D. Klepin
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Jason H. Mendler
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 704, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Jane Liesveld
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 704, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Eric Huselton
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 704, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Marissa LoCastro
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY USA
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Martha Susiarjo
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Colleen Netherby-Winslow
- Division of Cancer Control, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - AnnaLynn M. Williams
- Division of Cancer Control, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Karen Mustian
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY USA
- Division of Cancer Control, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Paula Vertino
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Michelle C. Janelsins
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY USA
- Division of Cancer Control, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
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Smith N, Shirazi S, Cakouros D, Gronthos S. Impact of Environmental and Epigenetic Changes on Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076499. [PMID: 37047469 PMCID: PMC10095074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Many crucial epigenetic changes occur during early skeletal development and throughout life due to aging, disease and are heavily influenced by an individual’s lifestyle. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression as the result of changes in the environment without any mutation in the underlying DNA sequence. The epigenetic profiles of cells are dynamic and mediated by different mechanisms, including histone modifications, non-coding RNA-associated gene silencing and DNA methylation. Given the underlining role of dysfunctional mesenchymal tissues in common age-related skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, investigations into skeletal stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their functional deregulation during aging has been of great interest and how this is mediated by an evolving epigenetic landscape. The present review describes the recent findings in epigenetic changes of MSCs that effect growth and cell fate determination in the context of aging, diet, exercise and bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Smith
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Suzanna Shirazi
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Cakouros
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (S.G.); Tel.: +61-8-8128-4395 (S.G.)
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (S.G.); Tel.: +61-8-8128-4395 (S.G.)
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Divella R, Marino G, Infusino S, Lanotte L, Gadaleta-Caldarola G, Gadaleta-Caldarola G. The Mediterranean Lifestyle to Contrast Low-Grade Inflammation Behavior in Cancer. Nutrients 2023; 15:1667. [PMID: 37049508 PMCID: PMC10096668 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy diet and an active lifestyle are both effective ways to prevent, manage, and treat many diseases, including cancer. A healthy, well-balanced diet not only ensures that the body gets the right amount of nutrients to meet its needs, but it also lets the body get substances that protect against and/or prevent certain diseases. It is now clear that obesity is linked to long-term diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. The main reasons for people being overweight or obese are having bad eating habits and not moving around enough. Maintaining weight in the normal range may be one of the best things to avoid cancer. It has been scientifically proven that those who perform regular physical activity are less likely to develop cancer than those who lead a sedentary lifestyle. Moving regularly not only helps to maintain a normal body weight, avoiding the effects that favor tumor growth in overweight subjects, but also makes the immune system more resistant by counteracting the growth of tumor cells. Physical activity also helps prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In this review, it is highlighted that the association between the Mediterranean diet and physical activity triggers biological mechanisms capable of counteracting the low-grade chronic inflammation found in patients with cancer. This assumes that healthy lifestyles associated with cancer therapies can improve the expectations and quality of life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Divella
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale “Mons. A. R. Dimiccoli”, Asl BT, Viale Ippocrate 15, 76121 Barletta, Italy
| | - Graziella Marino
- Department of Breast Unit—Centro d Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, IRCCS-CROB, Via Padre Pio 1, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Stefania Infusino
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale “SS Annunziata”, Via Felice Migliori 1, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Laura Lanotte
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale “Mons. A. R. Dimiccoli”, Asl BT, Viale Ippocrate 15, 76121 Barletta, Italy
| | - Gaia Gadaleta-Caldarola
- Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari, Università di Parma, Via Delle Scienze 59/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gennaro Gadaleta-Caldarola
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale “Mons. A. R. Dimiccoli”, Asl BT, Viale Ippocrate 15, 76121 Barletta, Italy
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12
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Priviero F. Epigenetic modifications and fetal programming: Molecular mechanisms to control hypertension inheritance. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115412. [PMID: 36632959 PMCID: PMC10012045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the number 1 cause of death in the United States and hypertension is a highly prevalent risk factor for CVD. It is estimated that up to 50 % of the hypertensive trait is genetically inherited while the other 50 % is determined by modifiable factors involving lifestyle, behaviors, and the environment. Interestingly, the hypertensive trait is induced or inhibited by epigenetic modifications modulated by modifiable factors. This review focused on the underlying mechanisms of stress, sleep deprivation, obesity and sedentarism as key players for epigenetic modifications contributing to the development of the hypertensive trait and, on the other hand, how epigenetic modifications induced by physical exercise and healthier habits may contribute to overturn and prevent the inheritance of hypertension trait. Furthermore, adversities during gestation and perinatal life also increase the risk for hypertension and CVD later in life, which can perpetuate the inheritance of the hypertensive trait whereas healthier habits during gestation and lactation may counteract fetal programming to improve the cardiovascular health of the progeny. Therefore, it is promising that a healthier lifestyle causes long-lasting epigenetic modifications and is transmitted to the next generation, strengthening the fight against the inheritance of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Priviero
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy - School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; Cardiovascular Translational Research Center - School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; College of Engineering and Computing, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
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13
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Gevaert AB, Wood N, Boen JRA, Davos CH, Hansen D, Hanssen H, Krenning G, Moholdt T, Osto E, Paneni F, Pedretti RFE, Plösch T, Simonenko M, Bowen TS. Epigenetics in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: influence of exercise and nutrition. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:2183-2199. [PMID: 35989414 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence links changes in epigenetic systems, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA expression, to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). These epigenetic modifications can change genetic function under influence of exogenous stimuli and can be transferred to next generations, providing a potential mechanism for inheritance of behavioural intervention effects. The benefits of exercise and nutritional interventions in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD are well established, but the mechanisms are not completely understood. In this review, we describe the acute and chronic epigenetic effects of physical activity and dietary changes. We propose exercise and nutrition as potential triggers of epigenetic signals, promoting the reshaping of transcriptional programmes with effects on CVD phenotypes. Finally, we highlight recent developments in epigenetic therapeutics with implications for primary and secondary CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B Gevaert
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken D.T.228, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp 2610, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Nathanael Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jente R A Boen
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken D.T.228, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dominique Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium.,BIOMED-REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guido Krenning
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian Institute of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Women's Health, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elena Osto
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto F E Pedretti
- Cardiovascular Department, IRCCS MultiMedica, Care and Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Perinatal Neurobiology, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Maria Simonenko
- Physiology Research and Blood Circulation Department, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test SRL, Federal State Budgetary Institution, 'V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre' of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - T Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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14
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Blackwell AD, Garcia AR. Ecoimmunology in the field: Measuring multiple dimensions of immune function with minimally invasive, field-adapted techniques. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23784. [PMID: 35861267 PMCID: PMC9786696 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune function is multifaceted and characterizations based on single biomarkers may be uninformative or misleading, particularly when considered across ecological contexts. However, measuring the many facets of immunity in the field can be challenging, since many measures cannot be obtained on-site, necessitating sample preservation and transport. Here we assess state-of-the-art methods for measuring immunity, focusing on measures that require a minimal blood sample obtained from a finger prick, which can be: (1) dried on filter paper, (2) frozen in liquid nitrogen, or (3) stabilized with chemical reagents. RESULTS We review immune measures that can be obtained from point-of-care devices or from immunoassays of dried blood spots (DBSs), field methods for flow cytometry, the use of RNA or DNA sequencing and quantification, and the application of immune activation assays under field conditions. CONCLUSIONS Stable protein products, such as immunoglobulins and C-reactive protein are reliably measured in DBSs. Because less stable proteins, such as cytokines, may be problematic to measure even in fresh blood, mRNA from stabilized blood may provide a cleaner measure of cytokine and broader immune-related gene expression. Gene methylation assays or mRNA sequencing also allow for the quantification of many other parameters, including the inference of leukocyte subsets, though with less accuracy than with flow cytometry. Combining these techniques provides an improvement over single-marker studies, allowing for a more nuanced understanding of how social and ecological variables are linked to immune measures and disease risk in diverse populations and settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D. Blackwell
- Department of AnthropologyWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Angela R. Garcia
- Research DepartmentPhoenix Children's HospitalPhoenixArizonaUSA,Department of Child HealthUniversity of Arizona College of MedicinePhoenixArizonaUSA
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15
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Frasca D. Several areas of overlap between obesity and aging indicate obesity as a biomarker of accelerated aging of human B cell function and antibody responses. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:48. [PMID: 36289515 PMCID: PMC9598013 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aging and obesity are high risk factors for several conditions and diseases. They are both associated with systemic inflammation and they are both ameliorated by a healthy life style, suggesting that they may share cellular and molecular pathways and underlying mechanisms. A close relationship between aging and obesity is also supported by the observation that the aging overweight/obese population is increasing worldwide, and mechanisms involved will be presented here. A focus of our work is to evaluate if obesity may be considered a good biomarker of accelerated aging of human antibody responses. We will summarize our published results showing the effects of obesity in accelerating age defects in the peripheral B cell pool and how these lead to dysfunctional humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, RMSB 3153, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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16
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Zhang L, Zheng YL, Wang R, Wang XQ, Zhang H. Exercise for osteoporosis: A literature review of pathology and mechanism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005665. [PMID: 36164342 PMCID: PMC9509020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a disease that weakens bones and has a high morbidity rate worldwide, which is prevalent among the elderly, particularly, women of postmenopausal age. The dynamic balance between bone formation and resorption is necessary for normal bone metabolism. Many factors, including aging, estrogen deficiency, and prolonged immobilization, disrupt normal apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation, leading to abnormal activation of osteoclasts, which gradually overwhelm bone formation by bone resorption. Moderate exercise as an effective non-drug treatment helps increase bone formation and helps relieve OP. The possible mechanisms are that exercise affects apoptosis and autophagy through the release of exercise-stimulated myohormone and the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines via mechanical force. In addition, exercise may also have an impact on the epigenetic processes involved in bone metabolism. Mechanical stimulation promotes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to osteogenic differentiation by altering the expression of non-coding RNAs. Besides, by reducing DNA methylation, the mechanical stimulus can also alter the epigenetic status of osteogenic genes and show associated increased expression. In this review, we reviewed the possible pathological mechanisms of OP and summarized the effects of exercise on bone metabolism, and the mechanisms by which exercise alleviates the progression of OP, to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Li Zheng
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangti Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-Qiang Wang, ; Hao Zhang,
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-Qiang Wang, ; Hao Zhang,
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17
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Amirsasan R, Akbarzadeh M, Akbarzadeh S. Exercise and colorectal cancer: prevention and molecular mechanisms. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:247. [PMID: 35945569 PMCID: PMC9361674 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and physical activity have been shown to be strongly associated with a decreased incidence rate of various chronic diseases especially numerous human malignancies. A huge number of clinical trials and meta-analysis have demonstrated that exercise is significantly effective in lowering the risk of colorectal cancer. In addition, it is suggested as an effective therapeutic modality against this cancer type. Therefore, in this review, we will review comprehensibly the effects of exercise in preventing, treating, and alleviating the adverse effects of conventional therapeutic options in colorectal cancer. Moreover, the possible mechanisms underlying the positive effects of exercise and physical activity in colorectal cancer, including regulation of inflammation, apoptosis, growth factor axis, immunity, epigenetic, etc. will be also discussed. Exercise is an effective post-treatment management program in colorectal cancer survivals Exercise improves muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, emotional distress, physical activity, fatigue, and sleep quality in colorectal patients undergoing chemotherapy Targeting and modulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, inflammation, apoptosis, immunity, epigenetic, Leptin and Ghrelin, and signaling pathways are major underlying mechanisms for preventive effects of exercise in colorectal cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Amirsasan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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18
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Ling C, Bacos K, Rönn T. Epigenetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus and weight change - a tool for precision medicine? Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:433-448. [PMID: 35513492 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00671-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pioneering studies performed over the past few decades demonstrate links between epigenetics and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the metabolic disorder with the most rapidly increasing prevalence in the world. Importantly, these studies identified epigenetic modifications, including altered DNA methylation, in pancreatic islets, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and the liver from individuals with T2DM. As non-genetic factors that affect the risk of T2DM, such as obesity, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, ageing and the intrauterine environment, have been associated with epigenetic modifications in healthy individuals, epigenetics probably also contributes to T2DM development. In addition, genetic factors associated with T2DM and obesity affect the epigenome in human tissues. Notably, causal mediation analyses found DNA methylation to be a potential mediator of genetic associations with metabolic traits and disease. In the past few years, translational studies have identified blood-based epigenetic markers that might be further developed and used for precision medicine to help patients with T2DM receive optimal therapy and to identify patients at risk of complications. This Review focuses on epigenetic mechanisms in the development of T2DM and the regulation of body weight in humans, with a special focus on precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Karl Bacos
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tina Rönn
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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19
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A Genomic Information Management System for Maintaining Healthy Genomic States and Application of Genomic Big Data in Clinical Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115963. [PMID: 35682641 PMCID: PMC9180925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and computer systems have enabled personalized therapies based on genomic information. Recently, health management strategies using genomics and big data have been developed for application in medicine and public health science. In this review, I first discuss the development of a genomic information management system (GIMS) to maintain a highly detailed health record and detect diseases by collecting the genomic information of one individual over time. Maintaining a health record and detecting abnormal genomic states are important; thus, the development of a GIMS is necessary. Based on the current research status, open public data, and databases, I discuss the possibility of a GIMS for clinical use. I also discuss how the analysis of genomic information as big data can be applied for clinical and research purposes. Tremendous volumes of genomic information are being generated, and the development of methods for the collection, cleansing, storing, indexing, and serving must progress under legal regulation. Genetic information is a type of personal information and is covered under privacy protection; here, I examine the regulations on the use of genetic information in different countries. This review provides useful insights for scientists and clinicians who wish to use genomic information for healthy aging and personalized medicine.
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20
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Donofry SD, Stillman CM, Hanson JL, Sheridan M, Sun S, Loucks EB, Erickson KI. Promoting brain health through physical activity among adults exposed to early life adversity: Potential mechanisms and theoretical framework. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:688-703. [PMID: 34624365 PMCID: PMC8642290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences such as abuse, neglect, and poverty, profoundly alter neurobehavioral development in a manner that negatively impacts health across the lifespan. Adults who have been exposed to such adversities exhibit premature and more severe age-related declines in brain health. Unfortunately, it remains unclear whether the negative effects of early life adversity (ELA) on brain health can be remediated through intervention in adulthood. Physical activity may represent a low-cost behavioral approach to address the long-term consequences of ELA on brain health. However, there has been limited research examining the impact of physical activity on brain health among adults with a history of ELA. Accordingly, the purpose of this review is to (1) review the influence of ELA on brain health in adulthood and (2) highlight evidence for the role of neurotrophic factors, hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary axis regulation, inflammatory processes, and epigenetic modifications in mediating the effects of both ELA and physical activity on brain health outcomes in adulthood. We then propose a theoretical framework to guide future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon D Donofry
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Psychiatric and Behavioral Health Institute, Allegheny Health Network Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Chelsea M Stillman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jamie L Hanson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Margaret Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Shufang Sun
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States; Mindfulness Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Eric B Loucks
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States; Mindfulness Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Murdoch University, College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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21
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Światowy WJ, Drzewiecka H, Kliber M, Sąsiadek M, Karpiński P, Pławski A, Jagodziński PP. Physical Activity and DNA Methylation in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312989. [PMID: 34884790 PMCID: PMC8657566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is a strong stimulus influencing the overall physiology of the human body. Exercises lead to biochemical changes in various tissues and exert an impact on gene expression. Exercise-induced changes in gene expression may be mediated by epigenetic modifications, which rearrange the chromatin structure and therefore modulate its accessibility for transcription factors. One of such epigenetic mark is DNA methylation that involves an attachment of a methyl group to the fifth carbon of cytosine residue present in CG dinucleotides (CpG). DNA methylation is catalyzed by a family of DNA methyltransferases. This reversible DNA modification results in the recruitment of proteins containing methyl binding domain and further transcriptional co-repressors leading to the silencing of gene expression. The accumulation of CpG dinucleotides, referred as CpG islands, occurs at the promoter regions in a great majority of human genes. Therefore, changes in DNA methylation profile affect the transcription of multiple genes. A growing body of evidence indicates that exercise training modulates DNA methylation in muscles and adipose tissue. Some of these epigenetic markers were associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the influence of physical activity on the DNA methylation status in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Józef Światowy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (H.D.); (M.K.); (P.P.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-618-546-513
| | - Hanna Drzewiecka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (H.D.); (M.K.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Michalina Kliber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (H.D.); (M.K.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Maria Sąsiadek
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Karpiński
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Andrzej Pławski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Paweł Piotr Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (H.D.); (M.K.); (P.P.J.)
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22
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Vasishta S, Umakanth S, Adiga P, Joshi MB. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors influencing metabolic memory in type 2 diabetes. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 142:106933. [PMID: 34763098 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Direct and indirect influence of pathological conditions in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) on vasculature manifests in micro and/or macro vascular complications that act as a major source of morbidity and mortality. Although preventive therapies exist to control hyperglycemia, diabetic subjects are always at risk to accrue vascular complications. One of the hypotheses explained is 'glycemic' or 'metabolic' memory, a process of permanent epigenetic change in different cell types whereby diabetes associated vascular complications continue despite glycemic control by antidiabetic drugs. Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation possess a strong influence on the association between environment and gene expression, thus indicating its importance in the pathogenesis of a complex disease such as T2D. The vascular system is more prone to environmental influences and present high flexibility in response to physiological and pathological challenges. DNA methylation based epigenetic changes during metabolic memory are influenced by sustained hyperglycemia, inflammatory mediators, gut microbiome composition, lifestyle modifications and gene-nutrient interactions. Hence, understanding underlying mechanisms in manifesting vascular complications regulated by DNA methylation is of high clinical importance. The review provides an insight into various extrinsic and intrinsic factors influencing the regulation of DNA methyltransferases contributing to the pathogenesis of vascular complications during T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampara Vasishta
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shashikiran Umakanth
- Department of Medicine, Dr. T.M.A. Pai Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi 576101, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashanth Adiga
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery (MARC), Kasturba Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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23
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Papaioannou F, Karatzanos E, Chatziandreou I, Philippou A, Nanas S, Dimopoulos S. Epigenetic effects following acute and chronic exercise in cardiovascular disease: A systematic review. Int J Cardiol 2021; 341:88-95. [PMID: 34339767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute exercise and exercise training may confer epigenetic modifications in healthy subjects. Epigenetic effects after exercise have been showed in patients with cardiovascular disease. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence from available clinical trials that study epigenetic adaptations after exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. METHODS The search strategy was performed in PubMed and CENTRAL databases on articles published until September 2020. Studies with titles and abstracts relevant to exercise epigenetic modification applied to cardiovascular patients were fully examined. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were utilized for studies screening. Quality assessment with PEDro scale and evaluation by two independent reviewers was performed. RESULTS Of the 1714 articles retrieved, 88 articles were assessed for eligibility criteria and 8 articles matched our search criteria and finally included in the systematic analysis. The acute exercise epigenetic (miRNAs) effects were assessed in three studies and the chronic exercise training effects (miRNAs and DNA methylation) in six studies. The results have shown that there is possibly an acute significant exercise effect on epigenetic targets which is more evident after chronic exercise training. CONCLUSIONS By the present systematic review, we provide preliminary evidence of beneficial epigenetic adaptations following acute and chronic exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. More controlled studies are needed to confirm such evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foivos Papaioannou
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Karatzanos
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilenia Chatziandreou
- 1(st) Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Serafim Nanas
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Dimopoulos
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Cardiac Surgery ICU, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece.
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24
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Sellami M, Bragazzi N, Prince MS, Denham J, Elrayess M. Regular, Intense Exercise Training as a Healthy Aging Lifestyle Strategy: Preventing DNA Damage, Telomere Shortening and Adverse DNA Methylation Changes Over a Lifetime. Front Genet 2021; 12:652497. [PMID: 34421981 PMCID: PMC8379006 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is one of the few therapeutic interventions that improves health span by delaying the onset of age-related diseases and preventing early death. The length of telomeres, the 5'-TTAGGG n -3' tandem repeats at the ends of mammalian chromosomes, is one of the main indicators of biological age. Telomeres undergo shortening with each cellular division. This subsequently leads to alterations in the expression of several genes that encode vital proteins with critical functions in many tissues throughout the body, and ultimately impacts cardiovascular, immune and muscle physiology. The sub-telomeric DNA is comprised of heavily methylated, heterochromatin. Methylation and histone acetylation are two of the most well-studied examples of the epigenetic modifications that occur on histone proteins. DNA methylation is the type of epigenetic modification that alters gene expression without modifying gene sequence. Although diet, genetic predisposition and a healthy lifestyle seem to alter DNA methylation and telomere length (TL), recent evidence suggests that training status or physical fitness are some of the major factors that control DNA structural modifications. In fact, TL is positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity level (sedentary, active, moderately trained, or elite) and training intensity, but is shorter in over-trained athletes. Similarly, somatic cells are vulnerable to exercise-induced epigenetic modification, including DNA methylation. Exercise-training load, however, depends on intensity and volume (duration and frequency). Training load-dependent responses in genomic profiles could underpin the discordant physiological and physical responses to exercise. In the current review, we will discuss the role of various forms of exercise training in the regulation of DNA damage, TL and DNA methylation status in humans, to provide an update on the influence exercise training has on biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education (CEdu), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nicola Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mohammad Shoaib Prince
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education (CEdu), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Sports and Wellness, Department of Students Affairs, College of North Atlantic Qatar (CNAQ), Doha, Qatar
| | - Joshua Denham
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Marriott CFS, Petrella AFM, Marriott ECS, Boa Sorte Silva NC, Petrella RJ. High-Intensity Interval Training in Older Adults: a Scoping Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:49. [PMID: 34279765 PMCID: PMC8289951 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an increasingly popular form of aerobic exercise which includes bouts of high-intensity exercise interspersed with periods of rest. The health benefits, risks, and optimal design of HIIT are still unclear. Further, most research on HIIT has been done in young and middle-aged adults, and as such, the tolerability and effects in senior populations are less well-known. The purpose of this scoping review was to characterize HIIT research that has been done in older adults including protocols, feasibility, and safety and to identify gaps in the current knowledge. Five databases were searched with variations of the terms, "high-intensity interval training" and "older adults" for experimental or quasi-experimental studies published in or after 2009. Studies were included if they had a treatment group with a mean age of 65 years or older who did HIIT, exclusively. Of 4644 papers identified, 69 met the inclusion criteria. The average duration of training was 7.9 (7.0) weeks (mean [SD]) and protocols ranged widely. The average sample size was 47.0 (65.2) subjects (mean [SD]). Healthy populations were the most studied group (n = 30), followed by subjects with cardiovascular (n = 12) or cardiac disease (n = 9), metabolic dysfunction (n = 8), and others (n = 10). The most common primary outcomes included changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (such as VO2peak) as well as feasibility and safety of the protocols as measured by the number of participant dropouts, adverse events, and compliance rate. HIIT protocols were diverse but were generally well-tolerated and may confer many health advantages to older adults. Larger studies and more research in clinical populations most representative of older adults are needed to further evaluate the clinical effects of HIIT in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine F. S. Marriott
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Andrea F. M. Petrella
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Emily C. S. Marriott
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Narlon C. Boa Sorte Silva
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert J. Petrella
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON Canada
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 320 - 5950 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
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Movement as a Positive Modulator of Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126278. [PMID: 34208002 PMCID: PMC8230594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging of human populations, including those in Europe, is an indisputable fact. The challenge for the future is not simply prolonging human life at any cost or by any means but rather extending self-sufficiency and quality of life. Even in the most advanced societies, the eternal questions remain. Who will take care of the older generations? Will adult children’s own circumstances be sufficient to support family members as they age? For a range of complex reasons, including socioeconomic conditions, adult children are often unable or unwilling to assume responsibility for the care of older family members. For this reason, it is imperative that aging adults maintain their independence and self-care for as long as possible. Movement is an important part of self-sufficiency. Moreover, movement has been shown to improve patients’ clinical status. At a time when the coronavirus pandemic is disrupting the world, older people are among the most vulnerable. Our paper explores current knowledge and offers insights into the significant benefits of movement for the elderly, including improved immunity. We discuss the biochemical processes of aging and the counteractive effects of exercise and endogenous substances, such as vitamin D.
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Abstract
The natural aging process is carried out by a progressive loss of homeostasis leading to a functional decline in cells and tissues. The accumulation of these changes stem from a multifactorial process on which both external (environmental and social) and internal (genetic and biological) risk factors contribute to the development of adult chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Strategies that can slow cellular aging include changes in diet, lifestyle and drugs that modulate intracellular signaling. Exercise is a promising lifestyle intervention that has shown antiaging effects by extending lifespan and healthspan through decreasing the nine hallmarks of aging and age-associated inflammation. Herein, we review the effects of exercise to attenuate aging from a clinical to a cellular level, listing its effects upon various tissues and systems as well as its capacity to reverse many of the hallmarks of aging. Additionally, we suggest AMPK as a central regulator of the cellular effects of exercise due to its integrative effects in different tissues. These concepts are especially relevant in the setting of T2D, where cellular aging is accelerated and exercise can counteract these effects through the reviewed antiaging mechanisms.
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Dhumad MM, Hamdan FB, Al-Mayah QS. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism in Iraqi type 2 diabetic patients: association with the risk of cardiac autonomic neuropathy. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Studies have shown a direct association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and diabetic neuropathies. As such, ACE gene polymorphisms could be a risk factor for cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with diabetes. The objective of our study was to investigate the association of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism with the development of CAN in Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Results
This is a cross-sectional study that included 142 patients with T2DM comprising 62 males and 80 females, and 100 volunteers served as a healthy control group. Cardiac autonomic functions were tested using four standard Ewing’s noninvasive tests. Blood samples were taken for genetic evaluation of an ACE gene I/D polymorphism.
Analyzing ACE gene polymorphism revealed that the D allele was far more frequent among patients with diabetes than healthy control subjects (76.07% vs. 62.67%). The frequency of I/I, I/D, and D/D genotypes in patients with diabetes was 8.55%, 30.77%, and 60.68%, respectively, compared with 18.67%, 37.33%, and 44%, respectively, in controls with a significant difference in mutant homozygous genotype. However, there were no significant differences in these genotypes between patients with and without CAN. Although patients with CAN showed a much higher frequency of D allele than those without CAN, the difference did not reach significance (p = 0.054).
Conclusion
The DD genotype and D allele of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism can be a risk factor for T2DM, and the D allele of this polymorphism can even be associated with the development of CAN in these patients.
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Nieman DC, Ferrara F, Pecorelli A, Woodby B, Hoyle AT, Simonson A, Valacchi G. Postexercise Inflammasome Activation and IL-1β Production Mitigated by Flavonoid Supplementation in Cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2020; 30:396-404. [PMID: 32932235 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein signaling platforms of the innate immune system that detect markers of physiological stress and promote the maturation of caspase-1 and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-18, and gasdermin D. This randomized, cross-over trial investigated the influence of 2-week mixed flavonoid (FLAV) versus placebo (PL) supplementation on inflammasome activation and IL-1β and IL-18 production after 75-km cycling in 22 cyclists (42 ± 1.7 years). Blood samples were collected before and after the 2-week supplementation, and then 0 hr, 1.5 hr, and 21 hr postexercise (176 ± 5.4 min, 73.4 ± 2.0 %VO2max). The supplement (678 mg FLAVs) included quercetin, green tea catechins, and bilberry anthocyanins. The pattern of change in the plasma levels of the inflammasome adaptor oligomer ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain) was different between the FLAV and PL trials, with the FLAV ASC levels 52% lower (Cohen's d = 1.06) than PL immediately following 75-km cycling (interaction effect, p = .012). The plasma IL-1β levels in FLAV were significantly lower than PL (23-42%; Cohen's d = 0.293-0.644) throughout 21 hr of recovery (interaction effect, p = .004). The change in plasma gasdermin D levels were lower immediately postexercise in FLAV versus PL (15% contrast, p = .023; Cohen's d = 0.450). The patterns of change in plasma IL-18 and IL-37 did not differ between the FLAV and PL trials (interaction effects, p = .388, .716, respectively). These data indicate that 2-week FLAV ingestion mitigated inflammasome activation, with a corresponding decrease in IL-1β release in cyclists after a 75-km cycling time trial. The data from this study support the strategy of ingesting high amounts of FLAV to mitigate postexercise inflammation.
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30
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Bachmann MC, Bellalta S, Basoalto R, Gómez-Valenzuela F, Jalil Y, Lépez M, Matamoros A, von Bernhardi R. The Challenge by Multiple Environmental and Biological Factors Induce Inflammation in Aging: Their Role in the Promotion of Chronic Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:570083. [PMID: 33162985 PMCID: PMC7591463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is driven by multiple mechanisms that lead to changes in energy production, oxidative stress, homeostatic dysregulation and eventually to loss of functionality and increased disease susceptibility. Most aged individuals develop chronic low-grade inflammation, which is an important risk factor for morbidity, physical and cognitive impairment, frailty, and death. At any age, chronic inflammatory diseases are major causes of morbimortality, affecting up to 5-8% of the population of industrialized countries. Several environmental factors can play an important role for modifying the inflammatory state. Genetics accounts for only a small fraction of chronic-inflammatory diseases, whereas environmental factors appear to participate, either with a causative or a promotional role in 50% to 75% of patients. Several of those changes depend on epigenetic changes that will further modify the individual response to additional stimuli. The interaction between inflammation and the environment offers important insights on aging and health. These conditions, often depending on the individual's sex, appear to lead to decreased longevity and physical and cognitive decline. In addition to biological factors, the environment is also involved in the generation of psychological and social context leading to stress. Poor psychological environments and other sources of stress also result in increased inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of environmental and psychosocial factors and nutrition on the regulation of inflammation, and how the response elicited for those factors interact among them, are poorly understood. Whereas certain deleterious environmental factors result in the generation of oxidative stress driven by an increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation, other factors, including nutrition (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and behavioral factors (exercise) confer protection against inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and thus ameliorate their deleterious effect. Here, we discuss processes and mechanisms of inflammation associated with environmental factors and behavior, their links to sex and gender, and their overall impact on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofía Bellalta
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roque Basoalto
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Yorschua Jalil
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Lépez
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anibal Matamoros
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | - Rommy von Bernhardi
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Hwang S, Kang D, Lee M, Byeon JY, Park H, Park D, Kim K, Lee S, Chu SH, Kim NK, Jeon JY. Changes in DNA methylation after 6‐week exercise training in colorectal cancer survivors: A preliminary study. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2020; 18:52-60. [DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seo‐Hyeon Hwang
- Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients Institute of Convergence of Science (ICONS) Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
- Department of Sport Industry Studies Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
| | - Dong‐Woo Kang
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Mi‐Kyung Lee
- Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients Institute of Convergence of Science (ICONS) Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
- Department of Sport Industry Studies Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
| | - Ji Yong Byeon
- Department of Sport Industry Studies Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
| | - Hanui Park
- Department of Sport Industry Studies Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
| | - Dong‐Hyuk Park
- Department of Sport Industry Studies Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
| | - Kyung‐Chul Kim
- Department of healthy aging Gangnam Major Clinic Seoul South Korea
| | - Seung‐Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Sang Hui Chu
- Department of Clinical Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Biobehavioural Research Center Yonsei University Nursing Policy Research Institute Seoul South Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Justin Y. Jeon
- Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients Institute of Convergence of Science (ICONS) Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
- Department of Sport Industry Studies Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
- Cancer Prevention Center Shinchon Severance Hospital Seoul South Korea
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32
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Barrón-Cabrera E, González-Becerra K, Rosales-Chávez G, Mora-Jiménez A, Hernández-Cañaveral I, Martínez-López E. Low-grade chronic inflammation is attenuated by exercise training in obese adults through down-regulation of ASC gene in peripheral blood: a pilot study. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:15. [PMID: 32854610 PMCID: PMC7457251 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity is characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation and an excess of adipose tissue. The ASC gene encodes a protein that is part of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a cytosolic multiprotein complex that is associated with inflammation and metabolic alterations. To our knowledge, there is no evidence regarding ASC gene activity in obese adults in response to lifestyle modifications. Purpose To evaluate the effect of hypocaloric diet and moderate-intensity structured exercise intervention on ASC gene expression and inflammatory markers in obese adults. Methods Thirty-seven obese individuals aged 25 to 50 years were randomized to the hypocaloric diet exercise group or hypocaloric diet group. The participants underwent a 4-month follow-up. Electrical bioimpedance was used for body composition analysis. Biochemical data were analyzed by dry chemistry and insulin levels by ELISA. ASC gene expression from peripheral blood was performed using real-time PCR. Dietary data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the Nutritionist Pro™ software. Quantification of cytokines was conducted using Bio-Plex Pro™ Human cytokine. The Astrand-Ryhming test was used to estimate the maximum oxygen volume and design the moderate-intensity structured exercise program ~ 75% heart rate (HR) Results After the intervention, both study groups significantly improved body composition (decreased weight, fat mass, waist circumference and abdominal obesity, p < 0.05). Besides, the diet-exercise group significantly decreased ASC mRNA expression, MCP-1, and MIP-1β inflammatory cytokines compared to the diet group (p < 0.05). While in the diet group, MCP-1 and IL-8 exhibited significantly decreased levels (p < 0.05). In the diet-exercise group, a positive correlation between the atherogenic index and waist circumference was found (r = 0.822, p = 0.011), and a negative correlation was observed between the delta of ASC mRNA expression and IL-10 levels at the end of the intervention (r = − 0.627, p = 0.019). Conclusion Low-grade chronic inflammation was attenuated through individualized exercise prescription and our findings highlight the role of the ASC gene in the inflammation of obese adults. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04315376. Registered 20 March 2020—retrospectively registered
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Barrón-Cabrera
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, zip code, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Karina González-Becerra
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, zip code, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Gustavo Rosales-Chávez
- Respiratory Therapy Unit, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, zip code, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Alondra Mora-Jiménez
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, zip code, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Iván Hernández-Cañaveral
- Microbiology and Pathology Department, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, zip code, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, zip code, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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Xiao C, Beitler JJ, Higgins KA, Chico CE, Withycombe JS, Zhu Y, Zhao H, Lin IH, Li F, Jeon S, Irwin M, Bruner DW, Miller AH, Gary R. Pilot study of combined aerobic and resistance exercise on fatigue for patients with head and neck cancer: Inflammatory and epigenetic changes. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:184-192. [PMID: 32330594 PMCID: PMC7415514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This pilot study examined whether a combined aerobic resistance exercise program reduced fatigue and the potential inflammatory and epigenetic mechanisms in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) receiving intensity-modulated radiotherapy. The exercise group (N = 12) received a 3-month supervised aerobic resistance exercise intervention that was initiated before a 6-week radiotherapy regimen; the control group (N = 14) received standard care. Fatigue was measured using Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20; physical function measures included a 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), chair stands, bicep curls, and hand grip strength. Inflammatory markers and DNA methylation data were acquired using standardized protocol. Patients were mostly white (93%) and male (81%) with a mean age of 57 years. At the end of the intervention, the exercise group had a marginal decrease in fatigue compared with the control (-5.0 vs. 4.9; P = 0.10). The exercise group had a significantly greater improvement in 6MWD (29.8 vs. -55.5 m; P = 0.04), and a marginally smaller decline in hand grip (-0.3 vs. -5.8 lbs; P = 0.05) at the end of the intervention than the control. No significant difference in inflammatory markers was observed between groups. Lower plasma interleukin (IL) 6, IL1 receptor antagonist, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), soluble TNF receptor II and C-reactive protein were significantly associated with increased 6MWD, chair stand, and bicep curl at the end of the intervention (p < 0.05). Among the 1152 differentially methylated sites (DMS) after intervention (p < 0.001), 163 DMS were located in gene promoter regions. Enrichment analysis suggested that the top 10 upstream regulators were associated with tumor (HNF4A, RPP38, HOXA9, SAHM1, CDK7, NDN, RPS15) and inflammation (IRF7, CRKL, ONECUT1). The top 5 diseases or functions annotations of the 62 hypermethylated DMS indicated anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects that might be linked to exercise. These findings suggest that exercise may improve physical performance and reduce fatigue, which could be further linked to decreased inflammation, during active radiotherapy for HNC patients. Larger studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhua Xiao
- School of Nursing, Yale University, 400 West Campus Drive, Orange 06477, United States.
| | - Jonathan J Beitler
- Department of Radiation, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta 30322, United States
| | - Kristin A Higgins
- Department of Radiation, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta 30322, United States
| | - Cynthia E Chico
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Janice S Withycombe
- School of Nursing, Clemson University, 508 Edward's, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, Yale University, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - I-Hsin Lin
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Fangyong Li
- School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Sangchoon Jeon
- School of Nursing, Yale University, 400 West Campus Drive, Orange 06477, United States
| | - Melinda Irwin
- School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Deborah W Bruner
- School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta 30322, United States
| | - Andrew H Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Rebecca Gary
- School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta 30322, United States
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Swenson S, Blum K, McLaughlin T, Gold MS, Thanos PK. The therapeutic potential of exercise for neuropsychiatric diseases: A review. J Neurol Sci 2020; 412:116763. [PMID: 32305746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is known to have a myriad of health benefits. There is much to be learned from the effects of exercise and its potential for prevention, attenuation and treatment of multiple neuropsychiatric diseases and behavioral disorders. Furthermore, recent data and research on exercise benefits with respect to major health crises, such as, that of opioid and general substance use disorders, make it very important to better understand and review the mechanisms of exercise and how it could be utilized for effective treatments or adjunct treatments for these diseases. In addition, mechanisms, epigenetics and sex differences are examined and discussed in terms of future research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Swenson
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Western Univesity Health Sciences, Graduate College, Pomona, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark S Gold
- Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Dimauro I, Paronetto MP, Caporossi D. Exercise, redox homeostasis and the epigenetic landscape. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101477. [PMID: 32127290 PMCID: PMC7284912 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents one of the strongest physiological stimuli capable to induce functional and structural modifications in all biological systems. Indeed, beside the traditional genetic mechanisms, physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications, namely DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification and non-coding RNA transcripts. Initially considered as merely damaging molecules, it is now well recognized that both reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) produced under voluntary exercise play an important role as regulatory mediators in signaling processes. While robust scientific evidences highlight the role of exercise-associated redox modifications in modulating gene expression through the genetic machinery, the understanding of their specific impact on epigenomic profile is still at an early stage. This review will provide an overview of the role of ROS and RNS in modulating the epigenetic landscape in the context of exercise-related adaptations. Physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic regulation of ROS/RNS generating, sensing and neutralizing enzymes can impact the cellular levels of ROS and RNS. ROS might act as modulators of epigenetic machinery, interfering with DNA methylation, hPTMs and ncRNAs expression. Redox homeostasis might hold a relevant role in the epigenetic landscape modulating exercise-related adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
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36
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Celarain N, Tomas-Roig J. Aberrant DNA methylation profile exacerbates inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:21. [PMID: 31937331 PMCID: PMC6961290 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterised by incoordination, sensory loss, weakness, changes in bladder capacity and bowel function, fatigue and cognitive impairment, creating a significant socioeconomic burden. The pathogenesis of MS involves both genetic susceptibility and exposure to distinct environmental risk factors. The gene x environment interaction is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics refers to a complex system that modifies gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. The most studied epigenetic mechanism is DNA methylation. This epigenetic mark participates in distinct MS pathophysiological processes, including blood-brain barrier breakdown, inflammatory response, demyelination, remyelination failure and neurodegeneration. In this study, we also accurately summarised a list of environmental factors involved in the MS pathogenesis and its clinical course. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE through PubMED and Scopus. In conclusion, an exhaustive study of DNA methylation might contribute towards new pharmacological interventions in MS by use of epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Celarain
- Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (UNIEM), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Tomas-Roig
- Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (UNIEM), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
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Fernández-Sanlés A, Sayols-Baixeras S, Castro DE Moura M, Esteller M, Subirana I, Torres-Cuevas S, Pérez-Fernández S, Aslibekyan S, Marrugat J, Elosua R. Physical Activity and Genome-wide DNA Methylation: The REgistre GIroní del COR Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 52:589-597. [PMID: 31652233 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA methylation may be one of the biological mechanisms underlying the health benefits of physical activity (PA). Our objective was to determine the association between PA and genome-wide DNA methylation at CpG level. METHODS We designed a two-stage epigenome wide association study. In the discovery stage, we used 619 individuals from the REgistre GIroní del COR cohort. Next, we validated the CpG suggestively associated with PA (P < 10) in two independent populations (n = 1735 and 190, respectively). Physical activity was assessed with validated questionnaires and classified as light PA (LPA), moderate PA, vigorous PA, moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) and total PA. We examined linear and nonlinear associations and meta-analyzed the results in the three populations. The linear associations were meta-analyzed with a fixed-effects model and the P values of the nonlinear associations with the Stouffer and Fisher methods. We established a P value threshold that fulfilled Bonferroni criteria over the number of CpG analyzed (0.05/421,940 = 1.185 × 10). RESULTS In the meta-analyses, two CpG sites had a statistically significant nonlinear association with MVPA. cg24155427 (P = 1.19 × 10), located in an intergenic region in chromosome 1, has been previously associated with smoking, lupus, and aging. cg09565397 (P = 1.59 × 10), located within DGAT1 in chromosome 8, which encodes an enzyme involved in triacylglycerol synthesis. CONCLUSIONS This population-based study identified two new, differentially methylated CpG sites with a nonlinear dose-response relationship to MVPA. These associations must be additionally validated and may be considered for further research on the biological mechanisms underlying health benefits of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel Castro DE Moura
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, SPAIN
| | | | | | | | | | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Tomiga Y, Ito A, Sudo M, Ando S, Eshima H, Sakai K, Nakashima S, Uehara Y, Tanaka H, Soejima H, Higaki Y. One week, but not 12 hours, of cast immobilization alters promotor DNA methylation patterns in the nNOS gene in mouse skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2019; 597:5145-5159. [PMID: 31490543 DOI: 10.1113/jp277019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS DNA methylation may play an important role in regulating gene expression in skeletal muscle to adapt to physical activity and inactivity. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in skeletal muscle is a key regulator of skeletal muscle mass; however, it is unclear whether nNOS expression is regulated by DNA methylation. We found that 1 week of cast immobilization increased nNOS DNA methylation levels and downregulated nNOS gene expression in atrophic slow-twitch soleus muscle from the mouse leg. These changes were not detected in non-atrophic fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle. Twelve hours of cast immobilization decreased nNOS gene expression, whereas nNOS DNA methylation levels were unchanged, suggesting that downregulation of nNOS gene expression by short-term muscle inactivity is independent of the DNA methylation pattern. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and prevention of muscle atrophy by epigenetic mechanisms via the nNOS/NO pathway. ABSTRACT DNA methylation is a mechanism that controls gene expression in skeletal muscle under various environmental stimuli, such as physical activity and inactivity. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) regulates muscle atrophy in skeletal muscle. However, the mechanisms regulating nNOS expression in atrophic muscle remain unclear. We hypothesized that nNOS expression in atrophic muscle is regulated by DNA methylation of the nNOS promotor in soleus (Sol; slow-twitch fibre dominant) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast-twitch fibre dominant) muscles. One week of cast immobilization induced significant muscle atrophy in Sol but not in EDL. We showed that 1 week of cast immobilization increased nNOS DNA methylation levels in Sol, although only a minor change was detected in EDL. Consistent with the increased DNA methylation levels in atrophic Sol, the gene expression levels of total nNOS and nNOSµ (i.e. the major splicing variant of nNOS in skeletal muscle) decreased. The abundance of the nNOS protein and cell membrane (especially type IIa fibre) immunoreactivity also decreased in atrophic Sol. These changes were not observed in EDL after 1 week of cast immobilization. Furthermore, despite the lack of significant atrophy, 12 h of cast immobilization decreased gene expression levels of total nNOS and nNOSµ in Sol. However, no association was detected between nNOS DNA methylation and gene expression. The expression of the nNOSβ gene, another splicing variant of nNOS, in EDL was unchanged by cast immobilization, whereas its expression was not detected in Sol. We concluded that chronic adaptation of nNOS gene expression in cast immobilized muscle may involve nNOS DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tomiga
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ai Ito
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sudo
- Physical Fitness Research Institute Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Eshima
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Diabetes and Metabolism Research Centre, Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kazuya Sakai
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shihoko Nakashima
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Uehara
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Soejima
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Barrón-Cabrera E, Ramos-Lopez O, González-Becerra K, Riezu-Boj JI, Milagro FI, Martínez-López E, Martínez JA. Epigenetic Modifications as Outcomes of Exercise Interventions Related to Specific Metabolic Alterations: A Systematic Review. Lifestyle Genom 2019; 12:25-44. [PMID: 31546245 DOI: 10.1159/000503289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic diseases arise as a consequence of an unhealthy lifestyle primarily characterized by physical inactivity and unbalanced diets. Regular physical activity can improve health, and there is consistent evidence that these improvements may be the result of epigenetic modifications. OBJECTIVE To identify epigenetic modificationsas outcomes of exercise interventions related to specific metabolic alterations. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) methodology for manuscript research and preparation was followed using PubMed and EBSCO databases for literature review. Out of 2,638 articles identified, only 34 articles met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS The sections of the review were organized by metabolic alterations in which studies were grouped according to healthy, diseased, and trained individuals. Resistance exercise in humans induced epigenetic changes in pathways associated with energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity, contributing to healthy skeletal muscle. Endurance exercise also caused modifications in biomarkers associated to metabolic alterations through changes in DNA methylation and the expression of specific miRNAs. However, both resistance and endurance exercise are necessary to obtain a better physiological adaptation and a combination of both seems to be needed to properly tackle the increasing prevalence of non-communicable pathologies. CONCLUSION Given the heterogeneity and complexity of the existing literature, it is currently not possible to propose a specific recommendation about the type, intensity, or duration of exercise that could be beneficial for different subsets of the population (healthy, diseased, and/or trained). Nevertheless, this review highlights the importance of exercise for health and shows the need to perform more research in this emerging area to identify epigenetic biomarkers that could serve as indicators of exercise adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Barrón-Cabrera
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Karina González-Becerra
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jose Ignacio Riezu-Boj
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermin I Milagro
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jose Alfredo Martínez
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, .,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain, .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain, .,Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA Food), Madrid, Spain,
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Hibler E, Huang L, Andrade J, Spring B. Impact of a diet and activity health promotion intervention on regional patterns of DNA methylation. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:133. [PMID: 31506096 PMCID: PMC6737702 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies demonstrate the impact of diet and physical activity on epigenetic biomarkers, specifically DNA methylation. However, no intervention studies have examined the combined impact of dietary and activity changes on the blood epigenome. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of the Make Better Choices 2 (MBC2) healthy diet and activity intervention on patterns of epigenome-wide DNA methylation. The MBC2 study was a 9-month randomized controlled trial among adults aged 18-65 with non-optimal levels of health behaviors. The study compared three 12-week interventions to (1) simultaneously increase exercise and fruit/vegetable intake, while decreasing sedentary leisure screen time; (2) sequentially increase fruit/vegetable intake and decrease leisure screen time first, then increase exercise; (3) increase sleep and decrease stress (control). We collected blood samples at baseline, 3 and 9 months, and measured DNA methylation using the Illumina EPIC (850 k) BeadChip. We examined region-based differential methylation patterns using linear regression models with the false discovery rate of 0.05. We also conducted pathway analysis using gene ontology (GO), KEGG, and IPA canonical pathway databases. RESULTS We found no differences between the MBC2 population (n = 340) and the subsample with DNA methylation measured (n = 68) on baseline characteristics or the impact of the intervention on behavior change. We identified no differentially methylated regions at baseline between the control versus intervention groups. At 3 versus 9 months, we identified 154 and 298 differentially methylated regions, respectively, between controls compared to pooled samples from sequential and simultaneous groups. In the GO database, we identified two gene ontology terms related to hemophilic cell adhesion and cell-cell adhesion. In IPA analysis, we found pathways related to carcinogenesis including PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, sonic hedgehog, and p53 signaling. We observed an overlap between 3 and 9 months, including the GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis I, methylmalonyl metabolism, and estrogen-mediated cell cycle regulation pathways. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that the MBC2 diet and physical activity intervention impacts patterns of DNA methylation in gene regions related to cell cycle regulation and carcinogenesis. Future studies will examine DNA methylation as a biomarker to identify populations that may particularly benefit from incorporating health behavior change into plans for precision prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hibler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 North Lakeshore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Lei Huang
- Center for Research Informatics, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th. Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jorge Andrade
- Center for Research Informatics, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th. Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th. Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Bonnie Spring
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 North Lakeshore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Ferioli M, Zauli G, Maiorano P, Milani D, Mirandola P, Neri LM. Role of physical exercise in the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms in inflammation, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging process. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14852-14864. [PMID: 30767204 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The genetic heritage for decades has been considered to respond only to gene promoters or suppressors, with specific roles for oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes. Epigenetics is progressively attracting increasing interest because it has demonstrated the capacity of these regulatory processes to regulate the gene expression without modifying gene sequence. Several factors may influence epigenetics, such as lifestyles including food selection. A role for physical exercise is emerging in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. In this review, we resume physiological and pathological implications of epigenetic modification induced by the physical activity (PA). Inflammation and cancer mechanisms, immune system, central nervous system, and the aging process receive benefits due to PA through epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, the modulation of epigenetic processes by physical exercise positively influences prevention, development, and the course of inflammatory and cancer diseases, as well as neurodegenerative illnesses. This growing field of studies gives rise to a new role for PA as an option in prevention strategies and to integrate pharmacological therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ferioli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Maiorano
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Milani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Prisco Mirandola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Pastuszak-Lewandoska D, Domańska-Senderowska D, Kiszałkiewicz J, Szmigielska P, Snochowska A, Ratkowski W, Spieszny M, Klocek T, Godlewski P, Cięszczyk P, Brzeziańska-Lasota E, September AV, Laguette MJ. Expression levels of selected cytokines and microRNAs in response to vitamin D supplementation in ultra-marathon runners. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:219-228. [PMID: 31241425 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1635649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-marathon (UM) running is an extreme endurance exercise. However, the mechanisms triggered with its practice remain unclear. While it is documented that strenuous physical activity activates immune responses and vitamin D plays a role in immune system suppression, data on the relationship between vitamin D status and cytokine profile in athletic populations are limited. To analyse the relative mRNA expression levels of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α), COX-2, vitamin D receptor and abundance of selected inflammatory microRNAs (Hsa-miR-21, -miR-146a, -miR-150, -miR-155, -miR-222, -miR-223) before and after a 100 km race in amateur runners in the presence or absence of vitamin D supplementation. Twenty runners aged 36-40years were divided into two groups: with and without vitamin D3 supplementation (10,000units daily). Blood samples were collected before and 12 h after the UM. The mRNA expression levels of selected cytokines, COX-2 and VDR in peripheral blood and abundance of serum exosomal miRNAs were investigated using q-RT-PCR. After UM, the significant up-regulation of TNF-α and hsa-miR-155 and down-regulation of IL-1β were observed in the group with vitamin D supplementation. In its absence, hsa-miR-155 and -miR-223 were significantly up-regulated. Additionally, a reverse correlation was observed between IL-6 expression level and abundance of hsa-miR-155 and -miR-223 in both groups. No statistical differences were noted when the other miRNAs and genes were examined in the groups and at the time points. The UM-induced mRNA expression pattern of pro-inflammatory cytokines could be influenced by vitamin D supplementation and/or miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Kiszałkiewicz
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - P Szmigielska
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Snochowska
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - W Ratkowski
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - M Spieszny
- Institute of Sports, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Klocek
- Institute of Sports, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Godlewski
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - P Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland.,Faculty of Physical Education, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - E Brzeziańska-Lasota
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - A V September
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,UCT Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M J Laguette
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,UCT Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Impact of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Genome-Wide DNA-Methylation in Natural Killer Cells-A Pilot Study. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10050380. [PMID: 31109152 PMCID: PMC6562781 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK-) cells reveal a keen reaction to acute bouts of exercise, including changes of epigenetic modifications. So far, exercise-induced alterations in NK-cell DNA-methylation were shown for single genes only. Studies analyzing genome-wide DNA-methylation have used conglomerates like peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) rather than specific subsets of immune cells. Therefore, the aim of this pilot-study was to generate first insights into the influence of a single bout of exercise on genome-wide DNA-methylation in isolated NK-cells to open the field for such analyses. Five healthy women performed an incremental step test and blood samples were taken before and after exercise. DNA was isolated from magnet bead sorted NK-cells and further analyzed for global DNA-methylation using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. DNA-methylation was changed at 33 targets after acute exercise. These targets were annotated to 25 genes. Of the targets, 19 showed decreased and 14 increased methylation. The 25 genes with altered DNA-methylation have different roles in cell regulation and differ in their molecular functions. These data give new insights in the exercise induced regulation of NK-cells. By using isolated NK-cells, exercise induced differences in DNA-methylation could be shown. Whether or not these changes lead to functional adaptions needs to be elucidated.
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Rezapour S, Shiravand M, Mardani M. Epigenetic changes due to physical activity. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 65:761-767. [PMID: 30144174 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the epigenetic-modifying factors is regular and continuous physical activity. This article attempts to investigate the effects of physical activity and exercise on changes in histone proteins and gene expression, as well as the effect of these exercises on the prevention of certain cancers and the ejection of age-related illnesses and cellular oxidation interactions. All of this is due to epigenetic changes and gene expression. Most studies have reported the positive effects of regular exercises on the expression of histone proteins. DNA methylation and the prevention of certain diseases such as cancer and respiratory diseases, caused by antioxidative interactions that occur more often in the elderly, have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Rezapour
- Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mustafa Shiravand
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Gilan University, Gilan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Mardani
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Health and Nutrition Department, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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45
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DNA methylation dynamics in aging: how far are we from understanding the mechanisms? Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 174:3-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Butts B, Butler J, Dunbar SB, Corwin E, Gary RA. Effects of Exercise on ASC Methylation and IL-1 Cytokines in Heart Failure. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:1757-1766. [PMID: 29683921 PMCID: PMC6095733 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE Inflammation contributes to heart failure (HF) progression and the interleukin (IL)-1 cytokine IL-1β is implicated in this process. The adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) is necessary for inflammasome activation of IL-1β. Lower ASC methylation is associated with worse outcomes in HF. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise on changes in ASC methylation and activation of the IL-1 family cytokine IL-1β in persons with HF. METHODS Participants (N = 54) were randomized to receive exercise intervention (n = 38) or attention control (n = 16) for 3 months. Percent methylation of the ASC gene, plasma IL-1β, and ASC mRNA and were obtained at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. RESULTS ASC methylation was higher in the exercise group as compared to control at 3 months (6.10% ± 0.5% vs 5.80% ± 0.4%; P = 0.04) and 6 months (6.07 ± 0.4 vs 5.82 ± 0.4; P = 0.04). Plasma IL-1β was lower in the exercise group at 3 months (1.43 ± 0.5 pg·mL vs 2.09 ± 1.3 pg·mL; P = 0.02) and 6 months (1.49 ± 0.5 pg·mL vs 2.13 ± 1.4 pg·mL; P = 0.004). ASC mRNA expression was negatively associated with ASC methylation at baseline (r = -0.97, P = 0.001), 3 months (r = -0.90, P = 0.001), and 6 months (r = -0.81, P = 0.001). ASC mRNA was lower than baseline at 3 months (P = 0.004) and 6 months (P = 0.002) among those in the exercise group. ASC methylation was positively associated with 6-min walk test at baseline (r = 0.517, P < 0.001), 3 months (r = 0.464, P = 0.004), and 6 months (r = 497, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exercise was related to increased mean percent ASC methylation and decreased IL-1β and ASC mRNA gene expression in HF. Epigenetic regulation of ASC can be a biological mechanism by which exercise can promote better outcomes in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Butts
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Javed Butler
- Division of Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Sandra B Dunbar
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Elizabeth Corwin
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rebecca A Gary
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Godinho-Mota JCM, Gonçalves LV, Soares LR, Mota JF, Martins KA, Freitas-Junior I, Freitas-Junior R. Abdominal Adiposity and Physical Inactivity Are Positively Associated with Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4783710. [PMID: 30112392 PMCID: PMC6077523 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4783710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether breast cancer is associated with body composition and level of physical activity, considering the menstrual status. METHODS This was a case-control study with 116 women recently diagnosed with breast cancer and 226 controls. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and cardiometabolic risk was assessed by conicity index and waist-to-height ratio. The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to estimate the level of physical activity. All analyses were adjusted for age and BMI. RESULTS The total body fat percentage, android body fat, android-gynoid ratio, and waist circumference were positively associated (p < 0.05), whereas the percentage of lean body mass (p <0.05) and the level of physical activity (p < 0.01) were inversely associated with breast cancer in premenopausal women. Among postmenopausal women, physical activity decreased the chance of developing breast cancer by 49% (95% CI = 0.29 to 0.92, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION A low percentage of lean body mass and high abdominal adiposity in the premenopausal period increase the chances of developing breast cancer. Regular physical activity is inversely associated with breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana C. M. Godinho-Mota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Goiás, St. 227, Block 68, Setor Leste Universitário, 74.605-080 Goiania, GO, Brazil
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, St. 227, Block 68, Setor Leste Universitário, 74.605-080 Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Larissa V. Gonçalves
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Goiás, St. 227, Block 68, Setor Leste Universitário, 74.605-080 Goiania, GO, Brazil
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, St. 227, Block 68, Setor Leste Universitário, 74.605-080 Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R. Soares
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Goiás, St. 227, Block 68, Setor Leste Universitário, 74.605-080 Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - João F. Mota
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, St. 227, Block 68, Setor Leste Universitário, 74.605-080 Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Karine A. Martins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Goiás, St. 227, Block 68, Setor Leste Universitário, 74.605-080 Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Ismael Freitas-Junior
- Physical Education Department of Julio de Mesquite Filho State University of São Paulo, Roberton Simonsen Ave, 19060-000 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Ruffo Freitas-Junior
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Goiás, St. 227, Block 68, Setor Leste Universitário, 74.605-080 Goiania, GO, Brazil
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Rebelo-Marques A, De Sousa Lages A, Andrade R, Ribeiro CF, Mota-Pinto A, Carrilho F, Espregueira-Mendes J. Aging Hallmarks: The Benefits of Physical Exercise. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:258. [PMID: 29887832 PMCID: PMC5980968 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
World population has been continuously increasing and progressively aging. Aging is characterized by a complex and intraindividual process associated with nine major cellular and molecular hallmarks, namely, genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, a loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. This review exposes the positive antiaging impact of physical exercise at the cellular level, highlighting its specific role in attenuating the aging effects of each hallmark. Exercise should be seen as a polypill, which improves the health-related quality of life and functional capabilities while mitigating physiological changes and comorbidities associated with aging. To achieve a framework of effective physical exercise interventions on aging, further research on its benefits and the most effective strategies is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Rebelo-Marques
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriana De Sousa Lages
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renato Andrade
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Francisco Carrilho
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Espregueira-Mendes
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
- 3B’s Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
- Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Minho, Portugal
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Costantino S, Paneni F. Authors' reply to Dr. Schmitz and Dr. Brand comments on “Epigenetics and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine in the Elderly”. Int J Cardiol 2018; 257:274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chen Y, Yousaf MN, Mehal WZ. Role of sterile inflammation in fatty liver diseases. LIVER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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