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Cyna W, Wojciechowska A, Szybiak-Skora W, Lacka K. The Impact of Environmental Factors on the Development of Autoimmune Thyroiditis-Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1788. [PMID: 39200253 PMCID: PMC11351723 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) is the most common autoimmune disease. It most often manifests itself as hypothyroidism but may also present with euthyroidism or even hyperthyroidism. The etiopathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis is still unclear. However, in addition to genetic and epigenetic factors, many environmental factors are known to increase the risk of developing AIT. In this review, we aimed to collect and analyze data connected with environmental factors and autoimmune thyroiditis development. Our review indicates iodine intake, vitamin D deficiency, selenium deficiency, viral infections caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Human parvovirus B19 (PVB19), Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), bacterial infection caused by Helicobacter pylori, microbiome disruption, medications such as interferon-alpha and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as stress, climate, and smoking can influence the risk of the occurrence of autoimmune thyroiditis. Having knowledge of risk factors allows for making changes to one's diet and lifestyle that will reduce the risk of developing the disease and alleviate the course of autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Cyna
- Student’s Scientific Society, Endocrinology Section at the Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (W.C.); (A.W.); (W.S.-S.)
| | - Aleksandra Wojciechowska
- Student’s Scientific Society, Endocrinology Section at the Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (W.C.); (A.W.); (W.S.-S.)
| | - Weronika Szybiak-Skora
- Student’s Scientific Society, Endocrinology Section at the Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (W.C.); (A.W.); (W.S.-S.)
| | - Katarzyna Lacka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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Shulhai AM, Rotondo R, Petraroli M, Patianna V, Predieri B, Iughetti L, Esposito S, Street ME. The Role of Nutrition on Thyroid Function. Nutrients 2024; 16:2496. [PMID: 39125376 PMCID: PMC11314468 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid function is closely linked to nutrition through the diet-gut-thyroid axis. This narrative review highlights the influence of nutritional components and micronutrients on thyroid development and function, as well as on the gut microbiota. Micronutrients such as iodine, selenium, iron, zinc, copper, magnesium, vitamin A, and vitamin B12 influence thyroid hormone synthesis and regulation throughout life. Dietary changes can alter the gut microbiota, leading not just to dysbiosis and micronutrient deficiency but also to changes in thyroid function through immunological regulation, nutrient absorption, and epigenetic changes. Nutritional imbalance can lead to thyroid dysfunction and/or disorders, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and possibly contribute to autoimmune thyroid diseases and thyroid cancer, yet controversial issues. Understanding these relationships is important to rationalize a balanced diet rich in essential micronutrients for maintaining thyroid health and preventing thyroid-related diseases. The synthetic comprehensive overview of current knowledge shows the importance of micronutrients and gut microbiota for thyroid function and uncovers potential gaps that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Mariia Shulhai
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (A.-M.S.); (R.R.); (S.E.)
| | - Roberta Rotondo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (A.-M.S.); (R.R.); (S.E.)
| | - Maddalena Petraroli
- Paediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Viviana Patianna
- Paediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (B.P.); (L.I.)
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (B.P.); (L.I.)
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (A.-M.S.); (R.R.); (S.E.)
- Paediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (A.-M.S.); (R.R.); (S.E.)
- Paediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.)
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Lan L, Feng Z, Liu X, Zhang B. The roles of essential trace elements in T cell biology. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18390. [PMID: 38801402 PMCID: PMC11129730 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells are crucial for adaptive immunity to regulate proper immune response and immune homeostasis. T cell development occurs in the thymus and mainly differentiates into CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Upon stimulation, naive T cells differentiate into distinct CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, which mediate immunity homeostasis and defend against pathogens or tumours. Trace elements are minimal yet essential components of human body that cannot be overlooked, and they participate in enzyme activation, DNA synthesis, antioxidant defence, hormone production, etc. Moreover, trace elements are particularly involved in immune regulations. Here, we have summarized the roles of eight essential trace elements (iron, zinc, selenium, copper, iodine, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt) in T cell development, activation and differentiation, and immune response, which provides significant insights into developing novel approaches to modulate immunoregulation and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Lan
- Department of Medical Immunology, College of Basic Medical SciencesYan'an UniversityYan'anChina
- Clinical Teaching and Research Center, School of NursingWeinan vocational and technical collegeWeinanChina
| | - Zhao Feng
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine InstituteXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Department of Medical Immunology, College of Basic Medical SciencesYan'an UniversityYan'anChina
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine InstituteXi'anShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to DiseasesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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Tywanek E, Michalak A, Świrska J, Zwolak A. Autoimmunity, New Potential Biomarkers and the Thyroid Gland-The Perspective of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Its Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4703. [PMID: 38731922 PMCID: PMC11083198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common organic specific illness of the thyroid gland. It may manifest as the overproduction or the decline of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Hyperthyroidism develops due to the overproduction of hormones as an answer to the presence of stimulatory antibodies against the TSH receptor. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is generally characterized by the presence of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies, with a concomitant infiltration of lymphocytes in the thyroid. Due to the progressive destruction of cells, AITD can lead to subclinical or overt hypothyroidism. Pathophysiology of AITD is extremely complicated and still not fully understood, with genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors involved in its development. Due to increasing incidence and social awareness of this pathology, there is an urgent need to expand the background concerning AITD. A growing body of evidence suggests possible ways of treatment apart from traditional approaches. Simultaneously, the role of potential new biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of AITD has been highlighted recently, too. Therefore, we decided to review therapeutic trends in the course of AITD based on its pathophysiological mechanisms, mainly focusing on HT. Another aim was to summarize the state of knowledge regarding the role of new biomarkers in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Tywanek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Internal Medicine in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Witold Chodźki Street 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.T.); (A.Z.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Endocrinology Department with Nuclear Medicine Department, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli, Kazimierz Jaczewski Street 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agata Michalak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland, Jaczewski Street 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Świrska
- Endocrinology Department with Nuclear Medicine Department, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli, Kazimierz Jaczewski Street 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Zwolak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Internal Medicine in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Witold Chodźki Street 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.T.); (A.Z.)
- Endocrinology Department with Nuclear Medicine Department, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli, Kazimierz Jaczewski Street 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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Zhu X, Zhang C, Feng S, He R, Zhang S. Intestinal microbiota regulates the gut-thyroid axis: the new dawn of improving Hashimoto thyroiditis. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:39. [PMID: 38386169 PMCID: PMC10884059 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota plays an indispensable role in the host's innate immune system, which may be related to the occurrence of many autoimmune diseases. Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, and there is plenty of evidence indicating that HT may be related to genetics and environmental triggers, but the specific mechanism has not been proven clearly. Significantly, the composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota in patients with HT have an obvious difference. This phenomenon led us to think about whether intestinal microbiota can affect the progress of HT through some mechanisms. By summarizing the potential mechanism of intestinal microflora in regulating Hashimoto thyroiditis, this article explores the possibility of improving HT by regulating intestinal microbiota and summarizes relevant biomarkers as therapeutic targets, which provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of Hashimoto thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxin Zhu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Feng
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruonan He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), No. 318 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Feng F, Zhou B, Zhou CL, Huang P, Wang G, Yao K. Vitamin D, selenium, and antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:209-219. [PMID: 38464371 PMCID: PMC10921160 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and thyroiditis are closely related. They occur in combination and cause significant damage to the body. There is no clear treatment for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). While single symptomatic drug treatment of the two diseases is less effective, combined drug treatment may improve efficacy. AIM To investigate the effect of a combination of vitamin D, selenium, and hypo-glycemic agents in T2DM with HT. METHODS This retrospective study included 150 patients with T2DM and HT treated at The Central Hospital of Shaoyang from March 2020 to February 2023. Fifty patients were assigned to the control group, test group A, and test group B according to different treatment methods. The control group received low-iodine diet guidance and hypoglycemic drug treatment. Test group A received the control treatment plus vitamin D treatment. Test group B received the group A treatment plus selenium. Blood levels of markers of thyroid function [free T3 (FT3), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (FT4)], autoantibodies [thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAB) and thyroid globulin antibody (TGAB)], blood lipid index [low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG)], blood glucose index [fasting blood glucose (FBG), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)] were measured pre-treatment and 3 and 6 months after treatment. The relationships between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25 (OH) D3] level and each of these indices were analyzed. RESULTS The levels of 25 (OH) D3, FT3, FT4, and LDL-C increased in the order of the control group, test group A, and test group B (all P < 0.05). The TPOAB, TGAB, TC, TG, FBG, HbA1c, and TSH levels increased in the order of test groups B, A, and the control group (all P < 0.05). All the above indices were compared after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Pre-treatment, there was no divergence in serum 25 (OH) D3 level, thyroid function-related indexes, autoantibodies level, blood glucose, and blood lipid index between the control group, test groups A and B (all P > 0.05). The 25 (OH) D3 levels in test groups A and B were negatively correlated with FT4 and TGAB (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The combination drug treatment for T2DM with HT significantly improved thyroid function, autoantibody, and blood glucose and lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422099, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang 422099, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ci-La Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang 422099, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang 422099, Hunan Province, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang 422099, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kuang Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang 422099, Hunan Province, China
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Virili C, Stramazzo I, Bagaglini MF, Carretti AL, Capriello S, Romanelli F, Trimboli P, Centanni M. The relationship between thyroid and human-associated microbiota: A systematic review of reviews. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:215-237. [PMID: 37824030 PMCID: PMC10808578 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a growing number of studies have examined the relationship between thyroid pathophysiology and intestinal microbiota composition. The reciprocal influence between these two entities has been proven so extensive that some authors coined the term "gut-thyroid axis". However, since some papers reported conflicting results, several aspects of this correlation need to be clarified. This systematic review was conceived to achieve more robust information about: 1)the characteristics of gut microbiota composition in patients with the more common morphological, functional and autoimmune disorders of the thyroid; 2)the influence of gut microbial composition on micronutrients that are essential for the maintenance of thyroid homeostasis; 3)the effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics, some of the most popular over-the-counter products, on thyroid balance; 4)the opportunity to use specific dietary advice. The literature evaluation was made by three authors independently. A five steps strategy was a priori adopted. After duplicates removal, 1106 records were initially found and 38 reviews were finally included in the analysis. The systematic reviews of reviews found that: 1) some significant variations characterize the gut microbiota composition in patients with thyroid disorders. However, geographical clustering of most of the studies prevents drawing definitive conclusions on this topic; 2) the available knowledge about the effect of probiotics and synbiotics are not strong enough to suggest the routine use of these compounds in patients with thyroid disorders; 3) specific elimination nutrition should not be routine suggested to patients, which, instead have to be checked for possible micronutrients and vitamins deficiency, often owed to gastrointestinal autoimmune comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Virili
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso Della Repubblica 79, Latina, Italy.
- Endocrinology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy.
| | | | - Maria Flavia Bagaglini
- Endocrinology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Carretti
- Endocrinology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Romanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Trimboli
- Clinic for Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lugano Regional Hospital, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marco Centanni
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso Della Repubblica 79, Latina, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
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Wang S, Chen P, He Y, Wei J, Tian L, Wu Y, Lv H, Peng X, Zhang X, Shi B, Wu Q. A follow-up study on factors affecting the recovery of patients with hypothyroidism in different selenium environments. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:14. [PMID: 38281927 PMCID: PMC10823702 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothyroidism is a major manifestation of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). We previously reported that a low selenium (Se) status was linked to an elevated prevalence of thyroid diseases. We hypothesized that Se status may also influence the restoration of thyroid function. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the recovery of thyroid function in patients with (sub-)clinical hypothyroidism, with a specific focus on Se status. METHODS We conducted a 6-year prospective cohort study comparing two counties with different Se concentrations. Demographic and disease data were collected from 1,190 individuals (549 Se-adequate and 641 Se-deficient) who completed a follow-up study in 2019. In addition, urinary iodine (I) levels, thyroid function, and serum and nail Se levels were measured. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between Se deficiency and recovery of thyroid function. RESULTS Sex and smoking status was similar between the two counties studied. Thyroid function recovery rate was significantly higher in Se-deficient counties (46.0% vs. 30.6%, P = 0.008). In the multivariate analysis, our results show that female sex (odds ratio [OR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 1.875 (1.080-3.257), P = 0.026] and increasing age [OR (95%CI) = 1.028(1.007-1.049), P = 0.009] were associated with the recovery rate. Additionally, our study revealed that while Se status was significant in the univariate analysis, this association appeared to disappear in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Female sex and increasing age have unfavorable effects on the recovery of thyroid function in patients over 30 years of age with (sub-) clinical hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Endemic Disease Control Institute of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Lizhou District, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Sichuan Province, Guangyuan City, 628000, China
| | - Li Tian
- Xi'an North Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710043, China
| | - Yajun Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongjun Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Ningshan County People's Hospital, Ningshan, Ankang, 711600, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingru Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Shu Q, Kang C, Li J, Hou Z, Xiong M, Wang X, Peng H. Effect of probiotics or prebiotics on thyroid function: A meta-analysis of eight randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296733. [PMID: 38206993 PMCID: PMC10783727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome-directed therapies are increasingly utilized to optimize thyroid function in both healthy individuals and those with thyroid disorders. However, recent doubts have been raised regarding the efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in improving thyroid function. This systematic review aimed to investigate the potential relationship between probiotics/prebiotics and thyroid function by analyzing the impact on thyroid hormone levels. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) levels. We searched for articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase up until April 1st, 2023, without any language restriction. Quantitative data analysis was performed using a random-effects model, with standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval as summary statistics. The methods and results were reported according to the PRISMA2020 statement. RESULTS A total of eight articles were included in this review. The meta-analysis showed no significant alterations in TSH (SMD: -0.01, 95% CI: -0.21, 0.20, P = 0.93; I2: 0.00%), fT4 (SMD: 0.04, 95% CI: -0.29, 0.21, P = 0.73; I2: 0.00%) or fT3 (SMD: 0.45, 95% CI: -0.14, 1.03, P = 0.43; I2: 78.00%), while a significant reduction in TRAb levels was observed (SMD: -0.85, 95% CI: -1.54, -0.15, P = 0.02; I2: 18.00%) following probiotics/prebiotics supplementation. No indication of publication bias was found. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics/prebiotics supplementation does not influence thyroid hormone levels, but may modestly reduce TRAb levels in patients with Graves' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxi Shu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chao Kang
- Department of Nutriology of the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhenzhu Hou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, No. 922 Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force of the PLA, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Minfen Xiong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, No. 922 Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force of the PLA, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Health Medicine, No. 922 Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force of the PLA, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hongyan Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, No. 922 Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force of the PLA, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
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Li Y, Liu H, He C, Lin Y, Ma L, Xue H. IL-9-Producing Th9 Cells Participate in the Occurrence and Development of Iodine-Induced Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5298-5308. [PMID: 36773201 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Iodine excess may cause and aggravate autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), which is regarded as a typical kind of autoimmune disease mainly mediated by CD4+ T cells. Thus far, it is unclear whether T helper (Th) 9 cells, a novel subpopulation of CD4+ T cells, play a potential role in AIT. Therefore, in the present study, changes in Th9 cells were detected in murine models of AIT induced by excess iodine intake to explore the possible immune mechanism. Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into 7 groups (n = 8) and were supplied with water containing 0.005% sodium iodide for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. With the extension of the high-iodine intake duration, the incidence of thyroiditis and the spleen index were significantly increased, and serum thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) titers and interleukin 9 (IL-9, major cytokine from Th9 cells) concentrations were also increased. Additionally, it was revealed that the percentages of Th9 cells in spleen mononuclear cells (SMCs) and thyroid tissues were both markedly elevated and accompanied by increased mRNA and protein expression of IL-9 and key transcription factors of Th9 cells (PU.1 and IRF-4). Significantly, dynamic changes in Th9 cells were found, with a peak at 8 weeks after high iodine intake, the time point when thyroiditis was the most serious. Importantly, Th9 cells were detected in the areas of infiltrating lymphocytes in thyroid sections. In conclusion, the continuously increasing proportions of Th9 cells may play an important role in the occurrence and development of AIT induced by high iodine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Second Huanghe Road, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Second Huanghe Road, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Chengyan He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Second Huanghe Road, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Yawen Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Second Huanghe Road, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Second Huanghe Road, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Haibo Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Second Huanghe Road, Binzhou, 256603, China.
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11
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Kravchenko V, Zakharchenko T. Thyroid hormones and minerals in immunocorrection of disorders in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1225494. [PMID: 37711890 PMCID: PMC10499380 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1225494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones and essential elements iodine (I), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), etc. play an important role in the work of many organs and systems of the body, including the immune system and the thyroid gland, and a violation of their supply can be the cause of pathological changes in them. In pathology, the interaction between thyroid hormones (TG), minerals and the immune system is disturbed. The review of the literature examines the immunomodulatory role of TG, minerals, their properties, and their participation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). The study of the relationship between the excess or deficiency of minerals and AITD is described. The basis of the development of AITD - Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), Graves' disease (GD), Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is the loss of immune tolerance to thyroid antigens - thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R). Immune-mediated mechanisms - production of autoantibodies to thyroid antigens and lymphocytic thyroid infiltration - are involved in the pathogenesis of AITD. Insufficiency of regulatory T cells (Treg) and regulatory B cells (Breg), imbalance between Th17-lymphocytes and Treg-lymphocytes, abnormal production of pro-inflammatory cytokines has a significant influence on the progression of AITD. With AITD, the balance between oxidants and antioxidants is disturbed and oxidative stress (OS) occurs. The lack of modern effective pharmacological therapy of AITD prompted us to consider the mechanisms of influence, possibilities of immunocorrection of pathogenetic factors using TG, micro/macronutrients. In order to develop a more effective treatment strategy, as well as approaches to prevention, a critical analysis of the ways of immunotherapeutic use of dietary supplements of I, Se, Zn, Mg and other minerals in AITD was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Kravchenko
- Epidemiology of Endocrine Diseases, Vasily Pavlovich Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyiv, Ukraine
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12
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Krysiak R, Kowalcze K, Szkróbka W, Okopień B. Sexual Function and Depressive Symptoms in Young Women with Euthyroid Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Receiving Vitamin D, Selenomethionine and Myo-Inositol: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2815. [PMID: 37375719 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid autoimmunity is associated with an increased risk of sexual dysfunction. The aim of this study was to compare sexual functioning and depressive symptoms in women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis receiving different treatments. The study included euthyroid women with autoimmune thyroiditis, untreated or receiving vitamin D, selenomethionine, or myo-inositol. Apart from measuring antibody titers and hormone levels, all participants completed questionnaires evaluating female sexual function (FSFI) and depressive symptoms (BDI-II). In untreated women, the overall FSFI scores and domain scores for desire, arousal, lubrication, and sexual satisfaction were lower than in women receiving vitamin D, selenomethionine, and myo-inositol. In the vitamin D-treated women, the total FSFI scores and scores for desire and arousal were higher than in women receiving the remaining micronutrients. The BDI-II score was lowest in the vitamin D-treated women and highest in the untreated patients with thyroiditis. Vitamin D-treated women were also characterized by lower antibody titers and higher testosterone levels than the women receiving the remaining micronutrients. There were no differences in sexual functioning and depressive symptoms between the selenomethionine- and myo-inositol-treated women. The study results suggest that although all antibody-lowering treatments are associated with better sexual functioning and well-being in young women with euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis, the greatest benefits are observed in patients receiving vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalcze
- Department of Pediatrics in Bytom, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Stefana Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Witold Szkróbka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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13
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Kong XQ, Qiu GY, Yang ZB, Tan ZX, Quan XQ. Clinical efficacy of selenium supplementation in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33791. [PMID: 37335715 PMCID: PMC10194801 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that selenium supplementation could be useful in the treatment of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), but the available trials are heterogeneous. This study investigates clinically relevant effects of selenium supplementation in patients with HT. METHODS A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. The latest update was performed on December 3, 2022. We investigated the changes in thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) after selenium supplementation. The effect sizes were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS After screening and full-text assessment, 7 controlled trials comprising 342 patients were included in the systematic review. The results showed that there was no significant change in TPOAb levels (WMD = -124.28 [95% CI: -631.08 to 382.52], P = .631, I2 = 94.5%) after 3 months of treatment. But there was a significant decrease in TPOAb levels (WMD = -284.00 [95% CI: -553.41 to -14.60], P < .05, I2 = 93.9%) and TgAb levels (WMD = -159.86 [95% CI: -293.48 to -26.24], P < .05, I2 = 85.3%) after 6 months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Selenium supplementation reduces serum TPOAb and TgAb levels after 6 months of treatment in patients with HT, but future studies are warranted to evaluate health-related quality or disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Qi Kong
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gui-Ying Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhong-Bin Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Quan
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Zhang L, Sun X, Liu L, Wang P, Qian L. Excessive iodine induces thyroid follicular epithelial cells apoptosis by activating HIF-1α-mediated hypoxia pathway in Hashimoto thyroiditis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3633-3640. [PMID: 36807042 PMCID: PMC10042978 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is considered the most common autoimmune thyroid disease. A growing body of evidence suggests that HT incidence correlates with excessive iodine intake. We should probe the effects of excessive iodine intake in HT development and its possible mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS The study recruited 20 patients: 10 with HT and 10 with nodular goiter. We detected the expression of an apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry. In vitro study, we explored the proliferation and apoptosis status in thyroid follicular cells (TFCs) stimulated with different iodine concentrations by MTT and flow cytometry. Then we performed RNA sequence analysis of Nthy-ori3-1 cells treated for 48 h with KI to probe the underlying mechanism. Finally, we used RT-PCR and siRNA interference to verify the results. We identified apoptosis in thyroid tissue obtained from HT patients coincides with the increase of caspase-3 levels. In vitro study, iodine suppressed proliferation of TFCs and promoted TFCs apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner with regulating caspase-3 activation. HIF-1α-NDRG1 mediated hypoxia pathway activation promoted the transmission of essential apoptosis signals in TFCs. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that excessive iodine adsorption activates the HIF-1α-mediated hypoxia pathway to promote apoptosis of TFCs, which may be an important risk factor contributing to HT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Sun
- Department of International Medical Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Linxue Qian
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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15
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Du Y, Liu P, Meng F, Fan L, Jia Q, Li W, Jiang W, Ma J, Zheng H, Wang P, Sun D, Shen H. What Iodine Intervention Measures Should Be Taken in Different Water Iodine Areas? Evidence from a Cross-sectional Chinese Survey. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4654-4663. [PMID: 34919209 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the population's iodine nutrition and thyroid diseases in different water iodine areas and to offer suggestions to the governments of different countries to adjust the present policy in different water iodine areas. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in different water iodine areas in China. Urinary iodine, water iodine, salt iodine and thyroid function were determined. The thyroid volumes and nodules were measured by ultrasound. Upon categorization by water iodine level for the 10.0 ~ 39.9 μg/L, 40.0 ~ 100.0 μg/L and 100.1 ~ 150.0 μg/L areas, in adults, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 9.28%, 5.35% and 11.07%, and the median urinary iodine (MUI) was 153.7 μg/L, 189.8 μg/L and 317.0 μg/L; in children of the three areas, the prevalence of goitre was 3.83%, 4.47% and 16.02%, and the MUI was 164.1 μg/L, 221.0 μg/L and 323.3 μg/L; in pregnant women of those areas, the MUI was 148.6 μg/L, 176.9 μg/L and 324.9 μg/L. Logistic regression results indicated that low iodine intake was a risk factor for developing hypothyroxinaemia in pregnant women. The iodine status of pregnant women is insufficient in areas with a median water iodine level of 10.0 ~ 39.9 μg/L. Low iodine intake increases the risk of developing hypothyroxinaemia in pregnant women. The iodine status of adults and children is excessive, and the iodine status of pregnant women is above the requirements in areas with a median water iodine concentration of 100.1 ~ 150.0 μg/L. Iodized salt, especially for pregnant women, should be supplied in areas with a median water iodine concentration of 10.0 ~ 39.9 μg/L to improve the iodine status of pregnant women. Supplying non-iodized salt is not enough to protect local residents from the harm from excess iodine in areas with a median water iodine concentration above 100.0 μg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Key Lab of Microelement and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Key Lab of Microelement and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Fangang Meng
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Key Lab of Microelement and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lijun Fan
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Key Lab of Microelement and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qingzhen Jia
- Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Shanxi Province, Linfen, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Heming Zheng
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peihua Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Key Lab of Microelement and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongmei Shen
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Key Lab of Microelement and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin, 150081, China.
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16
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Mohamed NM, elfatah AHA. Receptor of advanced glycation end product (RAGE) polymorphism and oxidative status in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in Egyptian female patients: case control study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most widespread autoimmune illness targeting a specific organ. "Redox homeostasis" is achieved when the production of Reactive Oxygen Species and their elimination are in balance. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed when glucose and/or α-oxaloaldehydes react non-enzymatically with the amino groups of lipids, proteins, and DNA. Nowadays, many studies are concerned with AGEs, the polymorphisms of their receptors, and their association with increased risk of HT. However, few studies investigated the role of receptors of advanced glycation end product (RAGE) SNP in Egyptian females.
Objective
The goals of this investigation were to ascertain whether oxidative stress plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were associated with HT, in addition, to assess the association of RAGE polymorphisms (− 374 T > A and the − 429 T > C and Gly82Ser) with HT.
Subject and methods.
Our case–control study has 80 patients enrolled who have newly been diagnosed with HT and 80 age and sex-matched healthy female controls. Each participant underwent a thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory investigations, which included Genotyping of RAGE Gly82Ser, − 374 T > A and − 429 T > C using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR–RFLP).
Results
Chi-square revealed a significant association regarding the distribution of RAGE (− 374 T < C) genotypes TT and CC between patients and control (P = 0.04). Non-significant associations regarding the distribution of Gly82Ser genotypes Gly/Gly, Gly/Ser, Ser/Ser were found between patients and control (P = 0.5), and non-significant associations related to − 429 T > C gene polymorphism were revealed. In addition, patients with HT had higher MDA and lower TCA compared with controls.
Conclusion
The elevated MDA and decreased TAC as an antioxidant may be one of several risk factors associated with the prevalence of HT in individuals with the − 429 T > C RAGE mutation polymorphism that is associated with an increased risk of HT in Egyptian females.
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Szczuko M, Syrenicz A, Szymkowiak K, Przybylska A, Szczuko U, Pobłocki J, Kulpa D. Doubtful Justification of the Gluten-Free Diet in the Course of Hashimoto's Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091727. [PMID: 35565695 PMCID: PMC9101474 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The popularization of the gluten-free diet brings with it a fashion for its use, which can harm the treatment of Hashimoto's disease. The few studies in this regard do not confirm positive changes resulting from a gluten-free diet. At the same time, the presence of other comorbid autoimmune diseases in this group of patients is increasing. This may have important implications for the interpretation of test results and the need for a gluten-free diet in some patients. In this review, the PubMed database was searched for links between a gluten-free diet, Hashimoto's disease, and autoimmune diseases. When analyzing the available literature, we found no basis for introducing a gluten-free diet for the standard management of Hashimoto patients. The recommended diet is instead an anti-inflammatory diet that levels the supply (to compensate for deficiencies) of vitamin D, iodine, and selenium, which are found in plant products rich in polyphenols, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids, as illustrated in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szczuko
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.); (U.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-441-4810
| | - Anhelli Syrenicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-252 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Szymkowiak
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.); (U.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Przybylska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-834 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Urszula Szczuko
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.); (U.S.)
| | - Jakub Pobłocki
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-252 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Danuta Kulpa
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland;
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18
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Dahiya V, Vasudeva N, Sharma S, Kumar A. Role of Dietary Supplements in Thyroid Diseases. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:985-996. [PMID: 35440339 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220419125131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones play a vital role in regulating our body's metabolism. Two important thyroid hormones released from the thyroid gland are- tri-iodothyronine (T3) and tetra-iodothyronine (T4). Thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid regulating hormone control the T3 and T4 levels in our body. Increased TSH levels indicate hypothyroidism and decreased TSH levels indicate hyperthyroidism. Iodine is a crucial nutrient for the synthesis of thyroid hormones and is mostly obtained from our diet. Other essential nutrients for the thyroid hormones formation include selenium, iron, vitamin D, vitamin B12, etc. Dietary changes in these nutrients can result in alterations in thyroid function and structure. Although, normally the hormonal diseases cannot be cured but we can improve their signs and symptoms using suitable dietary supplements. OBJECTIVE To thoroughly analyze the various benefits and risks associated with the use of dietary supplements for the prevention and treatment of various thyroid disorders, like hypothyroidism, as seen in hashimoto's thyroiditis; hyperthyroidism, as seen in grave's disease, sick euthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism. METHODS Literature was searched using the search terms; "dietary supplements+ thyroid diseases" on pub med, google scholar, scopus, cochrane library and other search engines and data was collected from 1967- November 2021 including research inputs from the authors. The literature was thoroughly read and deep knowledge was acquired on this topic, which was then sequentially organized and summarized using suitable tables and figures. CONCLUSION After analyzing the various studies on this topic we arrived at the conclusion that although, there are various claimed and observed health benefits of dietary supplements in prevention and treatment of various thyroid disorders; but still several studies have shown that, there are many risks associated too with the use of dietary supplements, and people using these products should be aware of these risks in order to use them very judiciously for the improvement of their thyroid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinesh Dahiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Neeru Vasudeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Internal Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas, USA
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Jiang W, Lu G, Gao D, Lv Z, Li D. The relationships between the gut microbiota and its metabolites with thyroid diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:943408. [PMID: 36060978 PMCID: PMC9433865 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.943408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have provided a preliminary understanding of the thyroid-gut axis, indicating that intestinal microbiota and its metabolites may act directly or indirectly on the thyroid by influencing intestinal microelements uptake, iodothyronine conversion and storage, and immune regulation, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of thyroid disorders and clinical management strategies. However, the research on gut microbiota and thyroid has only presented the tip of the iceberg. More robust clinical data and basic experiments are still required to elucidate the specific relationships and mechanisms in the future. Here we will characterize the associations between the microbiota and thyroid diseases to evaluate their potential implications in the pathophysiology and open up scientific avenues for future precision studies of the thyroid-gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ganghua Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Li, ; Zhongwei Lv,
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Li, ; Zhongwei Lv,
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20
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Dukueva MZ, Abdullayeva GR, Kagirov GM, Babaev ZR, Shapovalov LO, Danenko JI. Biological Significance and Toxicological Properties of Iron, Selenium and Iodine. PHARMACOPHORE 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/lyllukyzlj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Kasiyan O, Tkachenko H, Kurhaluk N, Yurchenko S, Manenko A. Relationship Between Thyroid Hormonal Status in Patients with a Hypothyroid Form of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Iodine Concentrations in Drinking Water. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:59-66. [PMID: 33650064 PMCID: PMC8585830 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to identify correlative and regressive dependencies between the water iodine concentration and the levels of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs), and thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) in the serum of 168 in patients (34 men and 134 women) with a hypothyroid form of Hashimoto's thyroiditis who use water from the supply network and individual wells. Based on the water iodine concentration, low and moderate degrees of iodine endemia in the location of the patients were determined. In the groups of men and women using water from different water supply sources, there were direct correlations between the water iodine concentrations and the TgAbs and TPOAb titers as well as an inverse dependence between iodine and TSH levels. Multivariate regressive analysis indicated that TgAb and TSH in the group of women using water from a supply network and TPOAb titers in the group of women using well water were independent factors associated with water iodine concentrations. Statistically significant correlations and regressive dependencies between the water iodine concentrations and the biomarkers of the thyroid status of the patients indicate the risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis progression, especially among women with additional iodine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Kasiyan
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Halyna Tkachenko
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski Str. 22b, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Kurhaluk
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski Str. 22b, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland.
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Rodríguez-Tomàs E, Baiges-Gaya G, Castañé H, Arenas M, Camps J, Joven J. Trace elements under the spotlight: A powerful nutritional tool in cancer. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126858. [PMID: 34537473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Research on the relationships between trace elements (TE) and the development of cancer or its prevention is a field that is gaining increasing relevance. This review provides an evaluation of the effects of TE (As, Al, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, F, I, Pb, Li, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, Sn, V and Zn) intake and supplementation in cancer risk and prevention, as well as their interactions with oncology treatments. Advancements in the knowledge of TE, their dietary interactions and their main food sources can provide patients with choices that will help them to improve their quality of life and therapy outcomes. This approach could open new opportunities for treatments based on the integration of conventional therapies (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy) and dietary interventions that provide advanced personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Doctor Josep Laporte 2, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Gerard Baiges-Gaya
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Helena Castañé
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Meritxell Arenas
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Doctor Josep Laporte 2, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain
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Kasipovich BY, Kakenovna ON, Kanatovna AM, Vladimirovna PY, Kabdollovna MA, Iltaevna UA, Toleutayevna AD, Minbaevich AO, Sarsenbaevna BL. The Prevalence of Signs of Thyroid Pathology among Students of the Karaganda Medical University According to the Survey. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: The objectives of the study were to study the signs of thyroid dysfunction in students at the Karaganda Medical University.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The survey was conducted among students of the Karaganda Medical University in the amount of two hundred people. Statistical methods were used for comparison among students of different courses.
RESULTS: Among junior students, signs of thyroid dysfunction were more pronounced than among senior students. More than half of the examined students had a diagnosed thyroid pathology, which was more pronounced in students of one and two courses.
CONCLUSION: Undergraduates are more likely to exhibit signs of stress-related thyroid dysfunction.
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Błażewicz A, Wiśniewska P, Skórzyńska-Dziduszko K. Selected Essential and Toxic Chemical Elements in Hypothyroidism-A Literature Review (2001-2021). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10147. [PMID: 34576309 PMCID: PMC8472829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are known for controlling metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and electrolytes and for regulating body temperature. Normal thyroid status depends on the chemical/elemental composition of body fluids and tissues, which changes depending on physiological state, lifestyle and environment. A deficiency or excess of certain essential chemical elements (selenium, zinc, copper, iron or fluorine) or exposure to toxic (cadmium or lead) or potentially toxic elements (manganese or chromium) interacts with thyroid hormone synthesis and may disturb thyroid homeostasis. In our review, accessible databases (Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science) were searched for articles from 2001-2021 on the influence of selected chemical elements on the development of hypothyroidism. Our review adopted some of the strengths of a systematic review. After non-eligible reports were rejected, 29 remaining articles were reviewed. The review found that disruption of the physiological levels of elements in the body adversely affects the functioning of cells and tissues, which can lead to the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Błażewicz
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Wiśniewska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Skórzyńska-Dziduszko
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska Street, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
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25
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Huo D, Cen C, Chang H, Ou Q, Jiang S, Pan Y, Chen K, Zhang J. Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum supplied with methimazole improved the thyroid function of Graves' disease patients through the gut-thyroid axis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1046. [PMID: 34493790 PMCID: PMC8423791 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder that frequently results in hyperthyroidism and other symptoms. Here, we designed a 6-month study with patients divided into three treatment groups, namely, methimazole (MI, n = 8), MI + black bean (n = 9) and MI + probiotic Bifidobacterium longum (n = 9), to evaluate the curative effects of probiotics supplied with MI on thyroid function of patients with GD through clinical index determination and intestinal microbiota metagenomic sequencing. Unsurprisingly, MI intake significantly improved several thyroid indexes but not the most important thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb), which is an indicator of the GD recurrence rate. Furthermore, we observed a dramatic response of indigenous microbiota to MI intake, which was reflected in the ecological and evolutionary scale of the intestinal microbiota. In contrast, we did not observe any significant changes in the microbiome in the MI + black bean group. Similarly, the clinical thyroid indexes of patients with GD in the probiotic supplied with MI treatment group continued to improve. Dramatically, the concentration of TRAb recovered to the healthy level. Further mechanistic exploration implied that the consumed probiotic regulated the intestinal microbiota and metabolites. These metabolites impacted neurotransmitter and blood trace elements through the gut-brain axis and gut-thyroid axis, which finally improved the host’s thyroid function. Huo et al conducted a 6 month study in patients with Graves’ Disease in which they administered probiotic Bifidobacterium longum with and without methimazole. They report that Bifidobacterium longum with methimazole potentially improves thyroid function in patients and provide evidence to suggest that this is via the gut-thyroid axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Huo
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - Chaoping Cen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Haibo Chang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Qianying Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shuaiming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - Yonggui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - Kaining Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou, China.
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26
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Ma B, Chen D, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Wang J, Zhou G, Xu K, Zhu T, Wang Q, Ma C. Yanghe Decoction Suppresses the Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis in Rats by Improving NLRP3 Inflammasome and Immune Dysregulation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:645354. [PMID: 34234669 PMCID: PMC8255388 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.645354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an important contributor to autoimmune thyroiditis. Yanghe decoction (YH) is a traditional Chinese herbal formulation which has various anti-inflammatory effects. It has been used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of YH on autoimmune thyroiditis in a rat model and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) model was established by thyroglobulin (pTG) injections and excessive iodine intake. Thyroid lesions were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining and serum TgAb, TPOAb, TSH, T3, and T4 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay IL-35 levels were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Th17/Treg balance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was determined by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. Changes in Wnt/β-catenin signaling were evaluated using Western blot. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot were employed to examine NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the thyroid. YH minimized thyroid follicle injury and decreased concentrations of serum TgAb, TPOAb, TSH, T3, and T4 in EAT model. The mRNA of IL-35 was increased after YH treatment. YH also increased the percentage of Treg cells, and decreased Th17 proportion as well as Th17/Treg ratio in PBMCs. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of Th17 related cytokines (RORγt, IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22) were suppressed and Treg related cytokines (FoxP3, TGF-β, and IL-10) were promoted in PBMCs. Additionally, the protein expressions of Wnt-1 and β-catenin were unregulated after YH treatment. NLRP3 immunostaining signal and protein levels of IL-17, p-NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, cleaved-Caspase-1, cleaved-IL-1β, and IL-18 were downregulated in the thyroid after YH intervention. Overall, the present study demonstrated that YH alleviated autoimmune thyroiditis in rats by improving NLRP3 inflammasome and immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing'e Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dexuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangjing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengping Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guowei Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Taiyang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an element commonly found in the environment at different levels. Its compounds are found in soil, water, and air. This element is also present in raw materials of plant and animal origin, so it can be introduced into human organisms through food. Selenium is a cofactor of enzymes responsible for the antioxidant protection of the body and plays an important role in regulating inflammatory processes in the body. A deficiency in selenium is associated with a number of viral diseases, including COVID-19. This element, taken in excess, may have a toxic effect in the form of joint diseases and diseases of the blood system. Persistent selenium deficiency in the body may also impact infertility, and in such cases supplementation is needed.
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Hu Y, Feng W, Chen H, Shi H, Jiang L, Zheng X, Liu X, Zhang W, Ge Y, Liu Y, Cui D. Effect of selenium on thyroid autoimmunity and regulatory T cells in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A prospective randomized-controlled trial. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:1390-1402. [PMID: 33650299 PMCID: PMC8301566 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in human. Recent studies of Se supplementation on the effect of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) have been reported, but the exact benefit is unclear as well as the underlying immunologic mechanism. We aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of Se supplement in patients with HT, and explore the potential mechanism against thyroid autoimmunity. A prospective, randomized-controlled study was performed in patients with HT assigned to two groups. Se-treated group (n = 43) received selenious yeast tablet (SYT) for 6 months, whereas no treatment in control group (n = 47). The primary outcome is the change of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) or thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb). Second, thyroid function, urinary iodine, Se, Glutathione peroxidase3 (GPx3), and Selenoprotein P1 (SePP1) levels were measured during the SYT treatment. Meanwhile, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their subsets activated Tregs (aTregs), resting Tregs, and secreting Tregs, as well as Helios and PD-1 expression on these cells were also detected. The results showed that SYT treatment significantly decreased TPOAb, TGAb, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, accompanied with the increased Se, GPx3, and SePP1, compared with the control group. Subgroup analysis revealed that subclinical HT may benefit more from this treatment in the decrease of TSH levels by interaction test. Moreover, the percentage of aTregs, Helios/Tregs, and Helios/aTregs were significantly higher in the Se-treated group than control. In conclusion, Se supplementation may have a beneficial effect on thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid function by increasing the antioxidant activity and upregulating the activated Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - He Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuqin Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wensong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaoqi Ge
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dai Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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29
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Han B, Chen C, Chen Y, Wang N, Yu J, Cheng J, Chen Y, Zhu C, Lu Y. Relationship between Gene Polymorphisms and Urine Iodine Levels on Susceptibility to Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody Positivity in the Chinese Population. Eur Thyroid J 2021; 10:79-85. [PMID: 33777823 PMCID: PMC7983603 DOI: 10.1159/000506701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hashimoto thyroiditis, characterized by positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs), is caused by the interaction of genetic and environment factors. The aim of this study was to clarify the interaction of gene polymorphisms and iodine intake in the incidence of TPOAb positivity. METHODS 1,733 subjects were included in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood white cells. Four SNPs (rs11675434 [TPO], rs3094228 [HCP5], rs9277555 [HLA-DPB1], and rs301799 [RERE]) were selected for genotyping. Weighted TPOAb genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on these 4 SNPs. Thyroid hormones and autoimmune antibodies (TPOAb and thyroglobulin antibody) were determined using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method. RESULTS The mean serum thyrotropin level in TPOAb-positive subjects was higher than in TPOAb-negative subjects (p < 0.01). Genotype GG of rs9277555 was associated with an increased risk of TPOAb positivity (OR = 1.64, 5-95% CI 1.09, 2.47, p = 0.02). Genotype TT of rs11675434 showed marginal increased risk of TPOAb positivity (OR = 1.57, 5-95% CI 1.01, 2.43, p = 0.048). Logistic regression analysis showed TPOAb-GRS and rs9277555 were associated with TPOAb positivity (OR = 5.09, 5-95% CI 1.30, 19.91, p = 0.02 and OR = 1.30, 5-95% CI 1.05, 1.61, p = 0.02). Subjects with a high TPOAb-GRS had a 52% increased risk of TPOAb positivity compared to subjects with a low TPOAb-GRS (OR 1.52, 5-95% CI 1.05, 2.21, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION TPOAb-GRS was associated with an increased risk of TPOAb positivity in a Chinese Han population. This effect might be attribute to rs9277555.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- **Bing Han, MD, PhD, Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011 (China),
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yingli Lu
- *Yingli Lu, MD, PhD, Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011 (China),
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30
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Wallborn T, Vogel M, Kneuer A, Thamm M, Dittrich K, Kiess W, Kratzsch J. Spot urine iodine levels below the WHO recommendation are not related to impaired thyroid function in healthy children and adolescents. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:493-502. [PMID: 32390124 PMCID: PMC7867514 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Iodine deficiency in childhood and adolescence may lead to later thyroid dysfunction, stunted growth and cognitive impairment. The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued recommended age-dependent urine iodine concentration targets, but a critical threshold beyond which clinical sequelae are to be expected remains undefined. Our study aimed to investigate spot urine iodine concentration in a typical Central European cohort of children and adolescents, and consider the implications of these values in regard to laboratory parameters for evaluating thyroid function. METHODS Using the Sandell-Kolthoff method, spot urine iodine concentration was measured cross-sectionally from 1802 healthy children and adolescent in the age range of 0.25-18 years within the LIFE-Child epidemiological study based in and around the city of Leipzig (Germany). Additionally, serum thyroid biomarkers of these subjects were measured and correlated to urine iodine levels. RESULTS In our cohort, 61.39% of boys and 65.91% of girls had an iodine level of < 100 µg/L (57%, 67%, 65% of the age groups 0-5, 6-12 and 13-18 years), the median iodine excretion was 86 µg/L in boys and 80 µg/L in girls. The iodine levels revealed no significant correlation with the thyroid biomarkers TSH, FT4 and FT3. Moreover, iodine values revealed no correlation with levels of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase or thyroglobulin. CONCLUSION In our cohort of children and adolescents, the relatively high number of iodine levels below the WHO recommendation appears not to be related to clinical or subclinical thyroid diseases in the respective participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tillmann Wallborn
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mandy Vogel
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Kneuer
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 13302, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Thamm
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 13302, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katalin Dittrich
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
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31
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Jin K, Lee B, Park J. Metal-organic frameworks as a versatile platform for radionuclide management. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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32
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Li Y, Zuo X, Hua C, Zhao Y, Pei X, Tian M. Effects of Selenium Supplement on B Lymphocyte Activity in Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis Rats. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:9439344. [PMID: 34422046 PMCID: PMC8373486 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9439344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
METHODS 45 healthy and adult female SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, EAT model group, and selenium yeast supplement EAT group. The EAT model rats were induced by subcutaneous injection of porcine thyroglobulin and fed with high iodine water. The concentrations of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), TGAb, TPOAb, and B cell activating factor (BAFF) were detected in each group by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in thyroid tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. B cells and regulatory B cells (Bregs) ratios in the spleen of rats were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS In contrast with the EAT model group, the levels of serum TSH, TGAB, TPOAb, and BAFF were decreased, while IL-10 expression was increased in thyroid tissue, and Bregs ratio was upregulated in the spleen (all p < 0.05) in the selenium yeast supplement EAT group. CONCLUSION Selenium yeast supplement could partially attenuate immune imbalance in EAT rats, which may be related to the mechanism of modulating B lymphocyte activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Thyroid Center of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Xinhe Zuo
- Thyroid Center of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Chuan Hua
- Thyroid Center of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Thyroid Center of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Xun Pei
- Thyroid Center of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Man Tian
- Thyroid Center of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
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Li J, Dong T, Keerthisinghe TP, Chen H, Li M, Chu W, Yang J, Hu Z, Snyder SA, Dong W, Fang M. Long-term oxytetracycline exposure potentially alters brain thyroid hormone and serotonin homeostasis in zebrafish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:123061. [PMID: 32485476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of oxytetracycline (OTC) exposure in water on the fish still remains unclear. We hypothesized OTC exposure could alter fish gut microbiome and affect thyroid hormone and serotonin homeostasis in the brain via "chemical-gut-brain" axis. Here, ∼2-month-old juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) was exposed to two concentrations of OTC (1 and 100 μg/L) for one month until adulthood. Thyroxine-associated gene analysis in the brain revealed that deiodinase 2 (DIO2), deiodinase 3 (DIO3), and thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRβ) expression was significantly decreased. Quantification of thyroid hormones showed a decrease in triiodothyronine (T3) under OTC treatment, which agrees with reduced activity of DIO2. For the serotonin (5-HT) synthesis, the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH2) was 41 % and 9.3 % of the control group for 1 and 100 μg/L OTC exposed groups; respectively. The intestinal 16S rRNA analysis revealed an increased abundance of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria, while Actinobacteria was decreased significantly. The altered microbial balance between Proteobacteria and Firmicutes have been previously reported to affect nutrient uptakes such as zinc, which can potentially reduce the activity of DIO2. In summary, this study suggests that long-term OTC exposure not only alters gut microbiome but also changes thyroid hormone and serotonin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000 China
| | - Ting Dong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511443, China
| | - Tharushi P Keerthisinghe
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Hao Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000 China
| | - Ming Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000 China
| | - Wenqing Chu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000 China
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000 China
| | - Zongfu Hu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000 China
| | - Shane Allen Snyder
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000 China.
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore.
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Ruggeri RM, D'Ascola A, Vicchio TM, Campo S, Gianì F, Giovinazzo S, Frasca F, Cannavò S, Campennì A, Trimarchi F. Selenium exerts protective effects against oxidative stress and cell damage in human thyrocytes and fibroblasts. Endocrine 2020; 68:151-162. [PMID: 31889242 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02171-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Selenium, incorporated into specific seleno-enzymes, is essential to proper thyroid function and protect cells from oxidative damage induced by H2O2 during thyroid hormone synthesis. Several studies indicated that low selenium levels are associated with thyroid autoimmunity and related disorders, but real effectiveness of selenium supplementation in such diseases is still controversial. We evaluated the effect of selenium on oxidative damage in human thyrocytes and thyroid fibroblasts in vitro. METHODS To induce oxidative stress, primary cultures were exposed to H2O2, in the presence or the absence of selenium, as either selenomethionine or selenite. We performed the following assays: cell viability, caspase-3 activity, BCL-2/BAX gene expression, DNA fragmentation, malondialdehyde levels, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity measurements. RESULTS Thyrocytes and thyroid fibroblasts exposed to H2O2 and preincubated with both selenocompounds displayed a significant dose-dependent increase in cell viability compared to cells incubated with H2O2 alone. Pretreatment with selenomethionine and selenite significantly reduced caspase-3 activity and BAX mRNA levels and increased BCL-2 mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. Accordingly, H2O2 induced a diffuse pattern of DNA degradation and an increase in malondialdehyde levels, which was prevented by the pretreatment with both selenomethionine and selenite. Both selenocompounds induced an increase in GPx activity, suggesting that these protective effects may be, almost in part, mediated by these selenoproteins. CONCLUSION In human thyrocytes and fibroblasts in vitro, selenium exerts protective effects against H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner, being selenite effective at lower doses than selenomethionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria M Ruggeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
- Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy.
| | - Angela D'Ascola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa M Vicchio
- Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Campo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Gianì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Frasca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cannavò
- Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
- Department of Human Pathology DETEV, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alfredo Campennì
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morfo-Functional Images, Unit of Nuclear Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Gheorghiu ML, Badiu C. Selenium involvement in mitochondrial function in thyroid disorders. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19:25-30. [PMID: 31960358 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), an important oligoelement, is a component of the antioxidant system. Over the last decade, it has been ever more frequently discussed in the context of thyroid disorders. Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, differentiated thyroid cancer, and even endemic goiter may have common triggers that are activated by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in various stages of the pathogenesis of thyroid disorders. Most oxidative events occur in mitochondria, organelles that contain enzymes with Se as a cofactor. Mitochondria are responsible for the production of ATP in the cell and are also a major site of ROS production. Thyroid hormone status (the thyroid being the organ with the highest concentration of Se in the body) has a profound impact on mitochondria biogenesis. In this review, we focus on the role of Se in mitochondrial function in thyroid disorders with impaired oxidative stress, since both thyroid hormone synthesis and thyroid dysfunction involve ROS. The role of Se deficiency or its excess in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of thyroid disorders is therefore of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Livia Gheorghiu
- Department of Endocrinology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Endemic Goiter and Its Complications, "C.I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corin Badiu
- Department of Endocrinology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Thyroid Related Disorders, "C.I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania.
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Bednarczuk T, Schomburg L. Challenges and perspectives of selenium supplementation in Graves' disease and orbitopathy. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19:31-39. [PMID: 31721133 PMCID: PMC7033064 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-019-00133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review focuses on the results of prospective randomized clinical trials and the conclusions from respective meta-analyses in order to summarize experiences with adjuvant selenium (Se) supplementation in Graves' hyperthyroidism and orbitopathy, while identifying ambiguous findings and highlighting important open research issues. METHODS We searched the PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) through May 31, 2019, for relevant studies. RESULTS The available evidence concerning routine use of Se in the treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism remains ambiguous. Results of meta-analyses, including ten RCTs, suggest that adjuvant Se supplementation can enhance the restoration of biochemical euthyroidism. Unfortunately, these results must be judged cautiously owing to several important limitations. Moreover, an in-depth analysis of relevant long-term clinical measures of therapeutic success (such as remission rate after antithyroid drug treatment), besides surrogate markers (for example, hormone or autoantibody concentrations), is generally missing. Based on a single study, Se supplementation is recommended in patients with mild orbitopathy of short duration because it may decrease inflammation and eye-specific symptoms while also achieving a marked improvement in disease-specific quality of life. The effects of Se supplementation on moderate-to-severe orbitopathy remain as yet unknown. CONCLUSIONS Additional randomized clinical trials with clinically relevant endpoints are urgently needed to further aid in clinical decision-making, including better stratification of Graves' disease patients, who are most likely to benefit from Se supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Bednarczuk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Suedring 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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He M, Wang Y, Wang J, Sui J, Ding X, Chen Z, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Xie B, Shi B. The potential markers involved in newly diagnosed graves' disease and the development of active graves' orbitopathy. Cytokine 2020; 127:154998. [PMID: 31972501 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.154998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graves' disease (GD) patients experience two major issues: one is the severe hyperthyroidism associated with newly diagnosed GD, and the other involves the disfiguring and dysfunctional features of active Graves' orbitopathy (GO). Therefore, the aim of our study was to identify potential markers involved in the initial phase of GD dysfunction and the development of active GO. METHODS Seventy-eight subjects were recruited: 40 with newly diagnosed GD, 20 with inactive GO and 18 with active GO. GO activity was evaluated by the clinical activity score (CAS, active GO = CAS ≥ 3), and severity was assessed according to the NOSPECS classification. Plasma selenium concentrations were determined by dual channel hydride generation atomic fluorescence photometry. A liquid chip assay was used to measure plasma Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α; Th2 cytokines IL4, IL5 and IL6; Th17 cytokine IL23; Treg cytokines IL10 and TGF-β; and two chemokines, CCL2 (Th2 chemokine) and CXCL10 (Th1 chemokine). RESULTS Among the three groups, newly diagnosed GD patients showed significantly elevated plasma levels of CXCL10 and IL-23 (all p < 0.05). Both CXCL10 and IL23 were significantly correlated with hyperthyroidism severity, specifically, increasing FT3 and FT4 and decreasing TSH. Notably, a very strong positive relationship between IL23 and CXCL10 was revealed (adjusted R square = 0.795; p < 0.001). Moreover, the selenium level was lower, while that of CCL2 was higher, in active GO than in inactive GO (p = 0.007, p < 0.001, respectively). Likewise, we also discovered that increasing CCL2 levels and decreasing selenium levels were associated with high CAS. Remarkably, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, selenium (OR, 0.919) and CCL2 (OR, 1.042) were still independent predictors for the diagnosis of active GO, and similar conclusions were drawn by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. CONCLUSION Pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially Th17-associated cytokines (e.g., IL23) and Th1 chemokines (e.g., CXCL10), appear to be involved in the initial phase of GD dysfunction. Moreover, we revealed for the first time that decreased plasma selenium levels and increased concentrations of Th2 chemokines (e.g., CCL2) may reflect GO disease activity, shedding light on the diagnosis and evaluation of active GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian He
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Jingya Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Jing Sui
- Department of Endocrinology and International Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xi Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Baosong Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China..
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Tian X, Li N, Su R, Dai C, Zhang R. Selenium Supplementation May Decrease Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody Titer via Reducing Oxidative Stress in Euthyroid Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:9210572. [PMID: 32676110 PMCID: PMC7345605 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9210572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Selenium, as an antioxidant, has been implicated in the development of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Many studies showed selenium supplementation could decrease thyroid autoantibodies in patients with AIT. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been well determined. Therefore, we performed a clinical study to investigate the possible mechanism of beneficial effects of selenium treatment on AIT patients. METHODS Forty euthyroid patients with AIT were randomized into two groups. Group I was treated with 200 μg/day selenium supplementation, and group II received a placebo over a 3-month period. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured before and 3 months after treatments. Additionally, twenty healthy volunteers also served as a control group for the evaluation of such parameters in basic condition. RESULTS Totally, 32 patients (group I, n = 18; group II, n = 14) completed the clinical study and were incorporated into the statistics. MDA level was higher and SOD activity and TAC were lower in patients compared to healthy individuals. After 3 months, TPOAb titer significantly decreased within group I (P < 0.001) but did not change within group II (P=0.001). There were also no statistically significant changes in TSH and TgAb titers within the two groups (all P > 0.05). Additionally, decreased MDA level (from 6.8 ± 1.3 nmol/ml to 4.9 ± 0.7 nmol/ml; P < 0.001) and increased TAC (from 10.0 ± 1.9 mmol/l to 12.9 ± 3.1 mmol/l; P=0.003) and SOD activity (from 72.3 ± 10.3 U/ml to 84.3 ± 13.2 U/ml; P=0.007) were simultaneously observed after 3 months' selenium treatment. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between TAC and TgAb/TPOAb and a positive correlation between MDA and TgAb/TPOAb in AIT patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that selenium treatment could decrease TPOAb titer via enforcing the defense against oxidative stress in euthyroid patients with AIT, which may be a potential underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Su
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenyang Dai
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiguo Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Min Y, Wang X, Chen H, Yin G. The exploration of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis related miscarriage for better treatment modalities. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2402-2415. [PMID: 33029083 PMCID: PMC7532476 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.48128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most prevalent autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) worldwide and is strongly associated with miscarriage and even recurrent miscarriage (RM). Moreover, with a deepening understanding, emerging evidence has shown that immune dysfunctions caused by HT conditions, including imbalanced subsets of CD4+ T-helper cells, B regulatory (Breg) cells, high expression levels of CD56dim natural killer (NK) cells, and cytokines, possibly play an important role in impairing maternal tolerance to the fetus. In recent years, unprecedented progress has been made in recognizing the specific changes in immune cells and molecules in patients with HT, which will be helpful in exploring the mechanism of HT-related miscarriage. Based on these findings, research investigating some potentially more effective treatments, such as selenium (Se), vitamin D3, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), has been well developed over the past few years. In this review, we highlight some of the latest advances in the possible immunological pathogenesis of HT-related miscarriage and focus on the efficacies of treatments that have been widely introduced to clinical trials or practice described in the most recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Min
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.74, Linjiang Rd, Yuzhong Dist, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.74, Linjiang Rd, Yuzhong Dist, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.74, Linjiang Rd, Yuzhong Dist, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Guobing Yin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.74, Linjiang Rd, Yuzhong Dist, Chongqing 404100, China
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Churilov LP, Sobolevskaia PA, Stroev YI. Thyroid gland and brain: Enigma of Hashimoto's encephalopathy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 33:101364. [PMID: 31801687 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The versatile clinical manifestations of the Hashimoto's chronic autoimmune thyroiditis often include psycho-neurological disorders. Although hypothyroidism disturbs significantly the ontogenesis and functions of central nervous system, causing in severe cases of myxedema profound impairment of cognitive abilities and even psychosis, the behavioral, motor and other psychoneurological disorders accompany euthyroid and slightly hypothyroid cases and periods of Hashimoto's disease as well, thus constituting the picture of so called "Hashimoto's encephalopathy". The entity, although discussed and explored for more than 50 years since its initial descriptions, remains an enigma of thyroidology and psychiatry, because its etiology and pathogenesis are obscure. The paper describes the development of current views on the role of thyroid in ontogeny and functions of brain, as well as classical and newest ideas on the etiology and pathogenesis of Hashimot's encephalopathy. The synopsis of the world case reports and research literature on this disorder is added with authors' own results obtained by study of 17 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with schizophrenia-like clinical manifestations. The relation of the disease to adjuvant-like etiological factors is discussed. Three major mechanistic concepts of Hashimoto's encephalopathy are detailed, namely cerebral vasculitis theory, hormone dysregulation theory and concept, explaining the disease via direct action of the autoantibodies against various thyroid (thyroperoxidase, thyroglobulin, and TSH-receptor) and several extrathyroid antigens (alpha-enolase and other enzymes, gangliosides and MOG-protein, onconeuronal antigens) - all of them expressed in the brain. The article demonstrates that all above mentioned concepts intermingle and prone to unification, suggesting the unified scheme of pathogenesis for the Hashimoto's encephalopathy. The clinical manifestations, criteria, forms, course, treatment and prognosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy and its comorbidity to other diseases - are also discussed in brief. The relation between Hashimoto's encephalopathy and non-vasculitis autoimmune encephalomyelitides of paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic origin is emphasized [1 figure, bibliography - 200 references].
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid P Churilov
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, Russia.
| | - Polina A Sobolevskaia
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, Russia.
| | - Yuri I Stroev
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, Russia.
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A Prospective Study about the Influence of Selenium Based Supplements on the Autoimmune Process Evolution and the Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis. ACTA MEDICA MARISIENSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/amma-2019-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits of two different Selenium based supplements on patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis.
Methods: We conducted a prospective study on 50 patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, who were divided into three different treatment groups, one group taking Selenium 100 μg, one Procor T (a combination of Selenium 100 μg and other elements like copper, Zinc and Q10 Conenzyme) and one control group taking Placebo pills. We measured on two follow up visits the antibody levels (anti-thyroidperoxidase- TPO Ab) and offered each patient a standardised questionnaire regarding the thyroid-related quality of life (THYPROro).
Results: At the 6 months follow up visit there was a statistically significant decrease in the antibody levels for each treatment group compared to the base levels. The THYPROro questionnaire scores showed an improvement in most aspects regarding the quality of life as well, but there was no significant difference between the placebo and the treated groups in the magnitude of this improvement.
Conclusions: Based on our results, we could not identify a certain benefit in improving quality of life with the supplementation of Selenium, as the improvements were at a similar level for the patients who took Placebo pills. Further studies with more patients, as well as taking the Selenium defficiency in consideration (by measuring the basal serum level of Selenium for each patient) would be required to find the target group of patients who could have most benefits of Selenium-based supplementation.
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Fröhlich E, Wahl R. Microbiota and Thyroid Interaction in Health and Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:479-490. [PMID: 31257166 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota has been identified as an important factor in health and in a variety of diseases. An altered microbiota composition increases the prevalence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD). Microbes influence thyroid hormone levels by regulating iodine uptake, degradation, and enterohepatic cycling. In addition, there is a pronounced influence of minerals on interactions between host and microbiota, particularly selenium, iron, and zinc. In manifest thyroid disorders, the microbiota may affect L-thyroxine uptake and influence the action of propylthiouracil (PTU). Although it is relatively well documented that thyroid disorders are linked to the composition of the microbiota, the role of specific genera and the potential use of therapies targeting the microbiota are less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Richard Wahl
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Li F, Wu Y, Chen L, Hu L, Zhu F, He Q. High iodine induces DNA damage in autoimmune thyroiditis partially by inhibiting the DNA repair protein MTH1. Cell Immunol 2019; 344:103948. [PMID: 31311621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the level of DNA damage in high iodine (HI)-induced autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), and to explore the role of DNA repair protein MutT homolog-1 (MTH1) in this process. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 were measured using qRT-PCR and ELISA. The apoptosis was evaluated using TUNEL staining. The pathological changes of thyroid tissues were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The DNA damage was assessed by determining the expression of 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG; an indicator of oxidative DNA damage) and performing the Comet assay. Our results showed that both the HI-treated NOD.H-2h4 mice (experimental AIT mice) and the HI-treated mouse thyroid follicular epithelial cells showed enhanced inflammation, apoptosis, and DNA damage level, accompanied by decreased MTH1 expression. Importantly, overexpression of MTH1 effectively abrogated the HI-induced enhancement of inflammation, apoptosis, and DNA damage in mouse thyroid follicular epithelial cells. In conclusion, HI treatment induces DNA damage in AIT, at least in part, by inhibiting the DNA repair protein MTH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Li
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Yijun Wu
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qiwen He
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Wang Y, Zhao F, Rijntjes E, Wu L, Wu Q, Sui J, Liu Y, Zhang M, He M, Chen P, Hu S, Hou P, Schomburg L, Shi B. Role of Selenium Intake for Risk and Development of Hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:568-580. [PMID: 30265356 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the importance of dietary selenium (Se) for hyperthyroidism. METHODS We performed a more in-depth analysis of a large cross-sectional study of 6152 participants from two counties within the Shaanxi Province, China. These counties are characterized by different habitual Se intake. We investigated the effects of a different dietary Se supply (0.02, 0.18, 0.6, or 2.0 ppm Se) on disease development in a mouse model of Graves disease (GD). RESULTS The cross-sectional study revealed a comparable prevalence of hyperthyroidism, irrespective of Se intake, in both counties. However, an unexpected sex-specific difference was noted, and Se deficiency might constitute a risk factor for hyperthyroidism, especially in males. In a mouse model, pathological thyroid morphology was affected, and greater Se intake exerted some protecting effects on the pathological distortion. Circulating thyroid hormone levels, malondialdehyde concentrations, total antioxidant capacity, and the titer of GD-causing TSH receptor autoantibodies were not affected by Se. Expression analysis of the transcripts in the spleen indicated regulatory effects on genes implicated in the immune response, erythropoiesis, and oxygen status. However, the humoral immune response, including the CD4/CD8 or T-helper 1/T-helper 2 cell ratio and the concentration of regulatory T cells, was similar between the experimental groups, despite the difference in Se intake. CONCLUSIONS Our data have highlighted a sexual dimorphism for the interaction of Se and thyroid disease risk in humans, with indications of a local protective effects of Se on thyroid gland integrity, which appears not to be reflected in the circulating biomarkers tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Eddy Rijntjes
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Liping Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sui
- Department of Endocrinology and International Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqian He
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqian Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Namazbaeva Z, Battakova S, Ibrayeva L, Sabirov Z. Change in metabolic and cognitive state among people of the Aral zone of ecological disaster. Isr J Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/22244662-20181035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Risk factors in Aral Sea region include toxic metals that competitively interact with essential elements influencing their metabolism, affecting metabolic and cognitive functions. According to epidemiological data, cerebrovascular disease and thyroid function abnormality are the leading disorders. Cognitive and metabolic disorders are considered as risk factors in cerebrovascular diseases. Thus, the objective of current work was to determine the metabolic and cognitive state of people in Aralsk, associated with an imbalance of essential trace elements and find correlation between toxic metals load and psychoemotional status. 275 people between the ages of 21 and 45 years were involved. In evaluating cognitive state, a decrease in short-term memory for numbers and an increase in depression among subjects was found. An inverse correlation between the copper level in blood and short-term memory for numbers, between depression and iodine level in blood, between the zinc level in blood and the “attentional capacity” was also found. The results showed a significant metabolic stress among subjects during adaptation to a high chemical load. Data represent a cross-sectional age-dependent review of metabolic and cognitive processes and microelement metabolism among population, living in the Aral Sea region for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulkiya Namazbaeva
- a Republican State Governmental Enterprise with the right of commercial activity “National Centre of Labour Hygiene and Occupational Diseases”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Sharbanu Battakova
- a Republican State Governmental Enterprise with the right of commercial activity “National Centre of Labour Hygiene and Occupational Diseases”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Lyazat Ibrayeva
- a Republican State Governmental Enterprise with the right of commercial activity “National Centre of Labour Hygiene and Occupational Diseases”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
- b Republican State Governmental Enterprise with the right of commercial activity, Karaganda State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanbol Sabirov
- a Republican State Governmental Enterprise with the right of commercial activity “National Centre of Labour Hygiene and Occupational Diseases”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
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Krysiak R, Szkróbka W, Okopień B. The effect of vitamin D and selenomethionine on thyroid antibody titers, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity and thyroid function tests in men with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A pilot study. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 71:243-247. [PMID: 30818086 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both selenium and vitamin D were found to reduce thyroid antibody titers in women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. METHODS The study enrolled 37 young drug-naïve euthyroid men with autoimmune thyroiditis, who were treated for 6 months with either exogenous vitamin D (group A, n = 20) or selenomethionine (group B, n = 17). Serum titers of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies, serum levels of thyrotropin and free thyroid hormones, serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, as well Jostel's thyrotropin, the SPINA-GT and the SPINA-GD indices were determined at the beginning and at the end of the study. RESULTS At baseline, there were no differences between the study groups. Both vitamin D and selenomethionine reduced antibody titers and increased the SPINA-GT index. Only selenomethionine affected the SPINA-GD index, while only vitamin D increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Neither selenomethionine nor vitamin D significantly affected thyrotropin and free thyroid hormone levels. The effect of vitamin D on antibody titers correlated with baseline and treatment-induced changes in serum levels of 25-hydroxivitamin D. CONCLUSIONS Both vitamin D and selenomethionine have a beneficial effect on thyroid autoimmunity in drug-naïve men with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Witold Szkróbka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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47
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Multiple nutritional factors and thyroid disease, with particular reference to autoimmune thyroid disease. Proc Nutr Soc 2018; 78:34-44. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665118001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD) are examples of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), the commonest autoimmune condition. Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO), the enzyme that catalyses thyroid-hormone production and antibodies to the receptor for the thyroid-stimulating hormone, are characteristic of HT and GD, respectively. It is presently accepted that genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, including nutritional factors and immune disorders contribute to the development of AITD. Aiming to investigate the effect of iodine, iron and selenium in the risk, pathogenesis and treatment of thyroid disease, PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant publications to provide a narrative review.Iodine: chronic exposure to excess iodine intake induces autoimmune thyroiditis, partly because highly-iodinated thyroglobulin (Tg) is more immunogenic. The recent introduction of universal salt iodisation can have a similar, although transient, effect.Iron: iron deficiency impairs thyroid metabolism. TPO is a haem enzyme that becomes active only after binding haem. AITD patients are frequently iron-deficient since autoimmune gastritis, which reduces iron absorption and coeliac disease which causes iron loss, are frequent co-morbidities. In two-thirds of women with persistent symptoms of hypothyroidism despite appropriate levothyroxine therapy, restoration of serum ferritin above 100 µg/l ameliorated symptoms.Selenium: selenoproteins are essential to thyroid action. In particular, the glutathione peroxidases remove excessive hydrogen peroxide produced there for the iodination of Tg to form thyroid hormones. There is evidence from observational studies and randomised controlled trials that selenium, probably as selenoproteins, can reduce TPO-antibody concentration, hypothyroidism and postpartum thyroiditis. Appropriate status of iodine, iron and selenium is crucial to thyroid health.
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Saraiva DA, Morais NADOESD, Martins Corcino C, Martins Benvenuto Louro Berbara T, Schtscherbyna A, Santos M, Botelho H, Vaisman M, de Fátima dos Santos Teixeira P. Iodine status of pregnant women from a coastal Brazilian state after the reduction in recommended iodine concentration in table salt according to governmental requirements. Nutrition 2018; 53:109-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Verma P, K Sharma A, Shankar H, Sharma A, Rao DN. Role of Trace Elements, Oxidative Stress and Immune System: a Triad in Premature Ovarian Failure. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:325-333. [PMID: 29181820 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The risk of premature ovarian failure (POF) increases in association with alteration in immunological parameters and oxidative stress (OS). Adequate intake of trace elements is required for antioxidant property and immune defense mechanism. The aim of this study was to explore the involvement of trace elements, OS, and immunological parameters in POF. This was a cross-sectional, case-control study, involving 65 participants divided into the POF (n = 35) and control (n = 30) groups. Serum levels of Se, Zn, and Cu were determined along with hormonal, OS, and immunological markers. POF group had significantly lower levels of Zn, Cu, Se, and Zn:Cu ratio. However, Se:Cu ratio was not significant between the groups. FSH and LH levels were negatively correlated with Zn and Cu levels and positively correlated with Se levels. Estrogen levels were negatively correlated with all the studied trace elements. Inter-element association between Zn and Se was significant in POF (r = - 0.39, p = 0.02) compared to control group (r = - 0.078, p = 0.65). In all the POF patients, SOD and GPx activities were significantly (p < 0.05) lower and MDA level was higher (p > 0.05) than control group. B cell marker CD19 was significantly (p < 0.0001) high in POF group. There are involvement of trace elements in hormonal regulation and antioxidant defense mechanism, which once gets altered leads to high ROS generation and affect functions of the immune system. Exaggereative immune system causing higher expression of B cell associated markers (CD19) leading to autoimmune condition in POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna K Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hari Shankar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - D N Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Kang MJ, Hwang IT, Chung HR. Excessive Iodine Intake and Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Children and Adolescents Aged 6-19 Years: Results of the Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2015. Thyroid 2018; 28:773-779. [PMID: 29737233 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine is an important element for the synthesis of thyroid hormone, and its deficiency or excessive intake is associated with various thyroid diseases. Little is known about the association between iodine status and thyroid function among children and adolescents living in iodine-rich areas. Therefore, this study analyzed this association using data from a nationwide survey. METHODS From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys VI (2013-2015) data, 1288 subjects (711 male) aged 6-19 years who underwent a urinary iodine concentration (UIC) test and 1000 subjects (564 male) aged 10-19 years who underwent a thyroid function test were included in this study. Serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb) were analyzed. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) was defined as TSH >5.5 μIU/mL with a normal fT4 level. Median daily iodine intake was calculated from the UIC. Daily sodium intake was derived from the nutritional survey data of 1181 subjects. RESULTS The median UIC was 449 μg/L (range 15-21,905 μg/L), and the prevalence rates of UIC ≥300 μg/L and ≥1000 μg/L were 64.9% and 25.0%, respectively. The prevalence rates of a sodium intake >2000 mg/day and iodine intake >2400 μg/day were 75.0% (885/1181) and 12.7% (164/1288), respectively. The prevalence rates of SCH and TPOAb >34 IU/mL were 7.2% (72/1000) and 2.3% (23/1000), respectively. The prevalence of SCH was significantly higher in the iodine deficient and iodine excess groups compared to those in the UIC 100-299.9 μg/L group (p = 0.038). Therefore, there was a U-shaped and inverted U-shaped correlation between serum levels of TSH and fT4 with UIC, respectively. These correlations were especially prominent when UIC was >1000 μg/L. There was no definite correlation between TPOAb and UIC. CONCLUSIONS Excess iodine was prevalent in Korean children and adolescents, and it may be associated with SCH. Therefore, monitoring the iodine status and education on adequate intake are needed in iodine-rich areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jae Kang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital , Anyang, Korea
| | - Il Tae Hwang
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Rim Chung
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam, Korea
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