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Gogoi D, Chattopadhyay P, Dolui SK, Khan MR, Mukherjee AK. Studies on in vivo antithrombotic activity of quercetin, a natural flavonoid isolated from a traditional medicinal plant, African eggplant (Solanum indicum). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118686. [PMID: 39127114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Every year, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for about 17.9 million deaths, making them the primary cause of both morbidity and mortality. Conventional drugs, which are often prescribed to treat cardiovascular diseases, are costly and have adverse effects. Consequently, dietary modifications and other medications are needed. Traditional use of Solanum indicum as cardiotonic to treat hypertension and anticoagulant potency has been reported but poorly evaluated scientifically. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the in vivo anticoagulant activity and mechanism of anticoagulation of quercetin (QC), a bioactive compound isolated from S. indicum (SI) hydroethanolic fruit extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioassay-guided fractionation (anticoagulant activity) extracted QC from hydroethanolic SI extract. QC was extensively characterized biochemically and pharmacologically. The interaction between QC and thrombin was investigated using spectrofluorometric and isothermal calorimetric methods. Cytotoxicity, antiplatelet, and thrombolytic studies were carried out in vitro. The Swiss albino mice were used to assess the in vivo, anticoagulant, and antithrombotic activities of QC. RESULTS QC exhibits anticoagulant activity via (i) uncompetitive inhibition of thrombin but not FXa with a Ki value of 33.11 ± 4.2 μM and (ii) a partial inhibition of thrombin-catalyzed platelet aggregation with an IC50 value of 13.2 ± 1.2 μM. The experimental validation of the in silico study's prediction of QC's binding to thrombin was confirmed by spectrofluorometric and isothermal calorimetric analyses. QC was nontoxic to mammalian, non-hemolytic cells and demonstrated thrombolytic activity by activating plasminogen. QC demonstrated in vivo anticoagulant efficacy, preventing k-carrageen-induced thrombus formation in mice's tails. In the acute circulatory stasis paradigm in mice, QC reduces thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) while increasing nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1 α). CONCLUSION Effective in vivo anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties of S. indicum's bioactive component QC point to the plant's potential use as a herbal anticoagulant medication for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases linked to thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debananda Gogoi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | | | - Swapan K Dolui
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Mujibur R Khan
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India; Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
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Li C, Tao M, Li T, Huang X, Sui H, Fu X. Research Progress of Tamarixetin and its Glycosides. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:689-703. [PMID: 37642001 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230828123425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Tamarixetin and its glycosides are widely distributed in natural plants, and they are also natural flavonoid derivatives of quercetin. Its main pharmacological effects include antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, cardiovascular effects, etc. The pharmacokinetics showed that the distribution of direct absorption differed from that of biosynthesis. At the same time, research shows that tamarixetin is safe to use because it has little self-toxicity. In this paper, 181 articles on tamarixetin published from 1976 to 2023 are obtained from PubMed, China Knowledge Base Database, Wanfang Data, and other electronic databases. Tamarixetin is searched based on keywords, and 121 articles remain. Transformation synthesis, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological action, and structureactivity relationship of tamarixetin were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunbing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Mengxin Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Yinchuan, 75004, China
| | - Xiaofen Huang
- Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Yinchuan, 75004, China
| | - Hong Sui
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xueyan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Yinchuan, 75004, China
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Haș IM, Teleky BE, Vodnar DC, Ștefănescu BE, Tit DM, Nițescu M. Polyphenols and Cardiometabolic Health: Knowledge and Concern among Romanian People. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102281. [PMID: 37242164 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiometabolic health of the population is a crucial indicator of public health, considering the significant impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes on global mortality. Determining the population's knowledge and the predictors of these pathologies is essential in developing effective educational and clinical strategies for the prevention and management of cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Polyphenols are natural compounds with a multitude of beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health. This study explored the current knowledge, understanding, and awareness of CMR, the benefits of polyphenols among Romanians, and how sociodemographic and clinical characteristics influence this aspect. Five hundred forty-six subjects responded anonymously to an online questionnaire designed to assess their knowledge. The data were collected and analyzed based on gender, age, education level, and BMI status. Most respondents expressed concern to a great or very great extent about their health (78%) and food (60%), with significant differences (p < 0.05) depending on age, educational level, and BMI status. Of the respondents, 64.8% declared that they were familiar with the CMR term. Still, the results showed a weak correlation between the stated risk factors and the self-assessment of increased risk (r = 0.027) for CVD or diabetes. Only 35% of the respondents reported a good or very good knowledge of the term "polyphenols", 86% recognized the antioxidant effect, and significantly fewer (26%) recognized the prebiotic effect. Developing and implementing targeted educational strategies to enhance learning and individual behaviors related to CMR factors and the benefits of polyphenols is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mariana Haș
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Bernadette-Emőke Teleky
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan-Cristian Vodnar
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bianca Eugenia Ștefănescu
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 N. Jiga St., 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Maria Nițescu
- Department of Preclinical-Complementary Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Plaza A, Rodríguez L, Concha-Meyer AA, Cabezas R, Zurob E, Merlet G, Palomo I, Fuentes E. Effects of Extraction Methods on Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antiplatelet Activities of Tomato Pomace Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1188. [PMID: 36904048 PMCID: PMC10005732 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of tomato pomace were examined with the aim of optimizing the extraction process of compounds with cardioprotective activity. Once the results of the ORAC response variables, total polyphenols, °Brix, and antiplatelet activity of the extracts were obtained, a multivariate statistical analysis was performed using the Statgraphics Centurion XIX software. This analysis showed that the most relevant positive effects in the inhibition of platelet aggregation were 83 ± 2% when using the agonist TRAP-6, when the working conditions were the type of tomato pomace conditioning (drum-drying process at 115 °C), phase ratio (1/8), type of solvent (ethanol 20%), and type of extraction (ultrasound-assisted solid-liquid extraction). The extracts with the best results were microencapsulated and characterized by HPLC. The presence of chlorogenic acid (0.729 mg/mg of dry sample) was found, a compound that has a potential cardioprotective effect documented in various studies, in addition to rutin (2.747 mg/mg of dry sample) and quercetin (0.255 mg/mg of dry sample). These results show that the extraction efficiency of compounds with cardioprotective activity depends largely on the polarity of the solvent, thus playing an important role in the antioxidant capacity of the extracts of tomato pomace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Plaza
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados-CEAP, Conicyt, Programa Regional R19A10001, Gore Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile
| | - Lyanne Rodríguez
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3480094, Chile
| | - Anibal A. Concha-Meyer
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados-CEAP, Conicyt, Programa Regional R19A10001, Gore Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - René Cabezas
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4070129, Chile
| | - Elsie Zurob
- Laboratory of Membrane Separation Processes (LabProSeM), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Gastón Merlet
- Departamento de Agroindustrias, Facultad de Ingeniería Agrícola, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán 4070386, Chile
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3480094, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3480094, Chile
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Inhibition of platelet aggregation by extracts and compounds from the leaves of Chilean bean landraces (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Yang S, Zhang J, Chen D, Ding J, Zhang Y, Song L. Quercetin Supplement to Aspirin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pre-eclampsia-Like Impairments in Rats Through the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Drugs R D 2022; 22:271-279. [PMID: 36136273 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-022-00402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Aspirin is a common drug for the treatment of pre-eclampsia. We aimed to explore whether quercetin as a supplement to aspirin could enhance the therapeutic outcome in pre-eclampsia rat models. We further aimed to evaluate the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as a potential pre-eclampsia-related molecular mechanism, which can be affected by quercetin treatment. METHODS Rat pre-eclampsia models were established using an intravenous lipopolysaccharide injection after gestation. Rats were treated with aspirin and quercetin at 6-18 days after pregnancy. On day 20, blood, fetus, and placenta were harvested. Blood pressure and the level of proteinuria were measured every 4 days. Fetal outcomes were analyzed by pup body weight. Serum soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, PIGF, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Caspase-1, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, and p-caspase-1 levels in the placenta were assessed using western blot or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. RESULTS Pre-eclampsia rat models showed a pronounced increase in systolic blood pressure and proteinuria after 4 days of pregnancy, while aspirin, quercetin, and aspirin/quercetin combinatory treatment significantly attenuated the blood pressure and proteinuria abnormalities. Notably, the aspirin/quercetin combinatory treatment showed the highest efficacy in attenuating pre-eclampsia-like symptoms. Placental caspase-1 and NLRP3 levels also showed the greatest attenuation in pre-eclampsia rats after aspirin/quercetin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that quercetin supplementation to aspirin is more effective in attenuating symptoms of pre-eclampsia and improving pregnancy outcomes compared with quercetin or aspirin alone. Quercetin can ameliorate placental NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which might serve as an underlying mechanism for its therapeutic efficacies in pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Yang
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China.
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China.
| | - Dan Chen
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Lili Song
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
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A Comprehensive Literature Review on Cardioprotective Effects of Bioactive Compounds Present in Fruits of Aristotelia chilensis Stuntz (Maqui). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196147. [PMID: 36234679 PMCID: PMC9571323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some fruits and vegetables, rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, may inhibit platelet activation pathways and therefore reduce the risk of suffering from CVD when consumed regularly. Aristotelia chilensis Stuntz (Maqui) is a shrub or tree native to Chile with outstanding antioxidant activity, associated with its high content in anthocyanins, polyphenols, and flavonoids. Previous studies reveal different pharmacological properties for this berry, but its cardioprotective potential has been little studied. Despite having an abundant composition, and being rich in bioactive products with an antiplatelet role, there are few studies linking this berry with antiplatelet activity. This review summarizes and discusses relevant information on the cardioprotective potential of Maqui, based on its composition of bioactive compounds, mainly as a nutraceutical antiplatelet agent. Articles published between 2000 and 2022 in the following bibliographic databases were selected: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Our search revealed that Maqui is a promising cardiovascular target since extracts from this berry have direct effects on the reduction in cardiovascular risk factors (glucose index, obesity, diabetes, among others). Although studies on antiplatelet activity in this fruit are recent, its rich chemical composition clearly shows that the presence of chemical compounds (anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, among others) with high antiplatelet potential can provide this berry with antiplatelet properties. These bioactive compounds have antiplatelet effects with multiple targets in the platelet, particularly, they have been related to the inhibition of thromboxane, thrombin, ADP, and GPVI receptors, or through the pathways by which these receptors stimulate platelet aggregation. Detailed studies are needed to clarify this gap in the literature, as well as to specifically evaluate the mechanism of action of Maqui extracts, due to the presence of phenolic compounds.
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Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Nouri Z, Cao H, Wang H, Khan H, Xiao J. Modulation of integrin receptor by polyphenols: Downstream Nrf2-Keap1/ARE and associated cross-talk mediators in cardiovascular diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1592-1616. [PMID: 36073725 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2118226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
As a group of heterodimeric and transmembrane glycoproteins, integrin receptors are widely expressed in various cell types overall the body. During cardiovascular dysfunction, integrin receptors apply inhibitory effects on the antioxidative pathways, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-Kelch like ECH Associated Protein 1 (Keap1)/antioxidant response element (ARE) and interconnected mediators. As such, dysregulation in integrin signaling pathways influences several aspects of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as heart failure, arrhythmia, angina, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, platelet aggregation and coagulation. So, modulation of integrin pathway could trigger the downstream antioxidant pathways toward cardioprotection. Regarding the involvement of multiple aforementioned mediators in the pathogenesis of CVDs, as well as the side effects of conventional drugs, seeking for novel alternative drugs is of great importance. Accordingly, the plant kingdom could pave the road in the treatment of CVDs. Of natural entities, polyphenols are multi-target and accessible phytochemicals with promising potency and low levels of toxicity. The present study aims at providing the cardioprotective roles of integrin receptors and downstream antioxidant pathways in heart failure, arrhythmia, angina, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, platelet aggregation and coagulation. The potential role of polyphenols has been also revealed in targeting the aforementioned dysregulated signaling mediators in those CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Kubatka P, Mazurakova A, Koklesova L, Samec M, Sokol J, Samuel SM, Kudela E, Biringer K, Bugos O, Pec M, Link B, Adamkov M, Smejkal K, Büsselberg D, Golubnitschaja O. Antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects of plant-derived compounds: a great utility potential for primary, secondary, and tertiary care in the framework of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2022; 13:407-431. [PMID: 35990779 PMCID: PMC9376584 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-022-00293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thromboembolism is the third leading vascular disease, with a high annual incidence of 1 to 2 cases per 1000 individuals within the general population. The broader term venous thromboembolism generally refers to deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and/or a combination of both. Therefore, thromboembolism can affect both - the central and peripheral veins. Arterial thromboembolism causes systemic ischemia by disturbing blood flow and oxygen supply to organs, tissues, and cells causing, therefore, apoptosis and/or necrosis in the affected tissues. Currently applied antithrombotic drugs used, e.g. to protect affected individuals against ischemic stroke, demonstrate significant limitations. For example, platelet inhibitors possess only moderate efficacy. On the other hand, thrombolytics and anticoagulants significantly increase hemorrhage. Contextually, new approaches are extensively under consideration to develop next-generation antithrombotics with improved efficacy and more personalized and targeted application. To this end, phytochemicals show potent antithrombotic efficacy demonstrated in numerous in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models as well as in clinical evaluations conducted on healthy individuals and persons at high risk of thrombotic events, such as pregnant women (primary care), cancer, and COVID-19-affected patients (secondary and tertiary care). Here, we hypothesized that specific antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects of plant-derived compounds might be of great clinical utility in primary, secondary, and tertiary care. To increase the efficacy, precise patient stratification based on predictive diagnostics is essential for targeted protection and treatments tailored to the person in the framework of 3P medicine. Contextually, this paper aims at critical review toward the involvement of specific classes of phytochemicals in antiplatelet and anticoagulation adapted to clinical needs. The paper exemplifies selected plant-derived drugs, plant extracts, and whole plant foods/herbs demonstrating their specific antithrombotic, antiplatelet, and fibrinolytic activities relevant for primary, secondary, and tertiary care. One of the examples considered is antithrombotic and antiplatelet protection specifically relevant for COVID-19-affected patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Mazurakova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Sokol
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Erik Kudela
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | | | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Link
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marian Adamkov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Karel Smejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Polyphenols–Gut–Heart: An Impactful Relationship to Improve Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091700. [PMID: 36139775 PMCID: PMC9495581 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy gut provides the perfect habitat for trillions of bacteria, called the intestinal microbiota, which is greatly responsive to the long-term diet; it exists in a symbiotic relationship with the host and provides circulating metabolites, hormones, and cytokines necessary for human metabolism. The gut–heart axis is a novel emerging concept based on the accumulating evidence that a perturbed gut microbiota, called dysbiosis, plays a role as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Consequently, recovery of the gut microbiota composition and function could represent a potential new avenue for improving patient outcomes. Despite their low absorption, preclinical evidence indicates that polyphenols and their metabolites are transformed by intestinal bacteria and halt detrimental microbes’ colonization in the host. Moreover, their metabolites are potentially effective in human health due to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the causal role of gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure; to discuss the beneficial effects of polyphenols on the intestinal microbiota, and to hypothesize polyphenols or their derivatives as an opportunity to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases by shaping gut eubiosis.
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Fernández-Rojas M, Rodríguez L, Trostchansky A, Fuentes E. Regulation of platelet function by natural bioactive compounds. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Activity of Isorhamnetin and Its Derivatives Isolated from Sea Buckthorn Berries, Measured in Whole Blood. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144429. [PMID: 35889302 PMCID: PMC9319006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis, the process responsible for keeping blood flowing in the circulatory system. However, unnecessary platelet activation can lead to aggregation at the site of atherosclerotic plaque rapture and the formation of a thrombus, which promotes atherothrombotic diseases. Various dietary components, such as phenolic compounds, are known to demonstrate antiplatelet and anticoagulant properties, and it is possible that these could form an important element in the prophylaxis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. Our present study examined the biological activity of isorhamnetin (1) and two isorhamnetin derivatives, (2): 3-O-beta-glucoside-7-O-alpha-rhamnoside and (3): 3-O-beta-glucoside-7-O-alpha-(3″′-isovaleryl)-rhamnoside, isolated from the phenolic fraction of sea buckthorn fruit, against human washed blood platelets and human whole blood in vitro. The anti-platelet and anticoagulant potential was determined using (A) flow cytometry, (B) the thrombus-formation analysis system (T-TAS) and (C) colorimetry. The results of the T-TAS test indicate that the AUC10 (Area Under the Curve) of the tested phenolic compounds (compounds 1, 2 and 3; 50 µg/mL) was markedly reduced compared to the control values. Moreover, flavonol demonstrated anti-platelet potential, including anti-adhesive activity, with these effects being more intense in compound 2 than isorhamnetin. Different actions of flavonol on platelet activation may depend on their binding ability to various receptors on blood platelets. However, the mechanism of their anti-platelet potential requires further additional studies, including in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Kriek N, Nock SH, Sage T, Khalifa B, Bye AP, Mitchell JL, Thomson S, McLaughlin MG, Jones S, Gibbins JM, Unsworth AJ. Cucurbitacins Elicit Anti-Platelet Activity via Perturbation of the Cytoskeleton and Integrin Function. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1115-1129. [PMID: 35253142 PMCID: PMC9385249 DOI: 10.1055/a-1788-5322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbitacins are dietary compounds that have been shown to elicit a range of anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic activities. Originally identified as signal transducer and activator of transcription, STAT, inhibitors, a variety of mechanisms of action have since been described, including dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton and disruption of integrin function. Integrin outside-in signalling and cytoskeletal rearrangements are critical for the propagation of stable thrombus formation and clot retraction following platelet adhesion at the site of vessel damage. The effects of cucurbitacins on platelet function and thrombus formation are unknown. We report for the first time anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic effects of cucurbitacins B, E and I in human platelets. Treatment of platelets with cucurbitacins resulted in attenuation of platelet aggregation, secretion and fibrinogen binding following stimulation by platelet agonists. Cucurbitacins were also found to potently inhibit other integrin- and cytoskeleton-mediated events, including adhesion, spreading and clot retraction. Further investigation of cytoskeletal dynamics found treatment with cucurbitacins altered cofilin phosphorylation, enhanced activation and increased F actin polymerisation and microtubule assembly. Disruption to cytoskeletal dynamics has been previously shown to impair integrin activation, platelet spreading and clot retraction. Anti-platelet properties of cucurbitacins were found to extend to a disruption of stable thrombus formation, with an increase in thrombi instability and de-aggregation under flow. Our research identifies novel, anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic actions of cucurbitacins that appear to be linked to dysregulation of cytoskeletal dynamics and integrin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neline Kriek
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie H. Nock
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya Sage
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Badrija Khalifa
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander P. Bye
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L. Mitchell
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Thomson
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G. McLaughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M. Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J. Unsworth
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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The Impact of Flavonols on Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091973. [PMID: 35565940 PMCID: PMC9101293 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of deaths globally. The main target for prevention of cardiovascular (CV) risk are lifestyle changes, including particular dietary recommendations, involving high intake of fruits and vegetables. Flavonols are a subgroup of flavonoids—compounds present in fruits, vegetables, and tea—known for their antioxidative properties. There are many findings about the beneficial impact of flavonols on general CV risk and its factors, but mainly from in vitro and animal model studies. This paper summarizes data from human studies about flavonols’ impact on general CV risk and its factors. A high dietary intake of flavonols could decrease CVD mortality directly or through impact on selected CV factors; however, available data are inconsistent. Nonetheless, specific groups of patients (smoking men, hypertensive and diabetic patients) can potentially benefit from selected dietary modifications or flavonols (quercetin) supplementation. Future investigations about kaempferol and myricetin are needed.
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Natural Polyphenols May Normalize Hypochlorous Acid-Evoked Hemostatic Abnormalities in Human Blood. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040779. [PMID: 35453464 PMCID: PMC9028422 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
During pathogen invasion, activated neutrophils secrete myeloperoxidase (MPO), which generates high local concentrations of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a strong antimicrobial agent. Prolonged or uncontrolled HOCl production may, however, affect hemostasis, manifesting in inhibition of platelet aggregation and thrombus formation and in elevated fibrin density and attenuated fibrinolysis. In this report, we investigated whether three plant-derived polyphenols with well-known antioxidant properties, i.e., quercetin (Que), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and resveratrol (Resv), at concentrations not affecting platelet responses per se, may normalize particular aspects of hemostasis disturbed by HOCl. Specifically, Que (5–25 μM) and EGCG (10–25 μM) abolished HOCl-evoked inhibition of platelet aggregation (assessed by an optical method), while the simultaneous incubation of platelet-rich plasma with Resv (10–25 μM) enhanced the inhibitory effect of HOCl. A similar effect was observed in the case of thrombus formation under flow conditions, evaluated in whole blood by confocal microscope. When plasma samples were incubated with HOCl, a notably higher density of fibrin (recorded by confocal microscope) was detected, an effect that was efficiently normalized by Que (5–25 μM), EGCG (10–25 μM), and Resv (5–25 μM) and which corresponded with the normalization of the HOCl-evoked prolongation of fibrinolysis, measured in plasma by a turbidimetric method. In conclusion, this report indicates that supplementation with Que and EGCG may be helpful in the normalization of hemostatic abnormalities during inflammatory states associated with elevated HOCl production, while the presence of Resv enhances the inhibitory action of HOCl towards platelets.
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Pawar A, Russo M, Rani I, Goswami K, Russo GL, Pal A. A critical evaluation of risk to reward ratio of quercetin supplementation for COVID-19 and associated comorbid conditions. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2394-2415. [PMID: 35393674 PMCID: PMC9111035 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The interim results of the large, multinational trials on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) using a combination of antiviral drugs appear to have little to no effect on the 28‐day mortality or the in‐hospital course. Therefore, there is a still vivid interest in finding alternate re‐purposed drugs and nutrition supplements, which can halt or slow the disease severity. We review here the multiple preclinical studies, partially supported by clinical evidence showing the quercetin's possible therapeutic/prophylaxis efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) as well as comorbidities like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes mellitus, obesity, coagulopathy, and hypertension. Currently, 14 interventional clinical trials are underway assessing the efficacy of quercetin along with other antiviral drugs/nutritional supplements as prophylaxis/treatment option against COVID‐19. The present review is tempting to suggest that, based on circumstantial scientific evidence and preliminary clinical data, the flavonoid quercetin can ameliorate COVID‐19 infection and symptoms acting in concert on two parallel and independent paths: inhibiting key factors responsible for SARS‐CoV‐2 infections and mitigating the clinical manifestations of the disease in patients with comorbid conditions. Despite the broad therapeutic properties of quercetin, further high power randomized clinical trials are needed to firmly establish its clinical efficacy against COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Pawar
- Department of Zoology, DAV University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Maria Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino, Italy
| | - Isha Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (MMIMSR), Maharishi Markandeshwar University (MMU), Ambala, India
| | | | - Gian Luigi Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino, Italy
| | - Amit Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Kalyani, India
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17
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Kozłowska A, Szostak-Węgierek D. Targeting Cardiovascular Diseases by Flavonols: An Update. Nutrients 2022; 14:1439. [PMID: 35406050 PMCID: PMC9003055 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonols are one of the most plentiful flavonoid subclasses found in natural products and are extensively used as dietary supplements. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the cardioprotective properties of flavonols, especially quercetin. This group of substances exerts positive impacts primarily due to their antiatherogenic, antithrombotic, and antioxidant activities. The potential of flavonols to promote vasodilation and regulation of apoptotic processes in the endothelium are other beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Despite promising experimental findings, randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have yielded inconsistent results on the influence of these substances on human cardiovascular parameters. Thus, this review aims to summarize the most recent clinical data on the intake of these substances and their effects on the cardiovascular system. The present study will help clinicians and other healthcare workers understand the value of flavonol supplementation in both subjects at risk for cardiovascular disease and patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kozłowska
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Oczki Str. 3, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dorota Szostak-Węgierek
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciołka Str. 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Shiotani S, Suzuki T, Sakano T, Yanai N. The inhibitory effect of onion peel extract on platelet aggregation. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.69.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Regulation of Key Antiplatelet Pathways by Bioactive Compounds with Minimal Bleeding Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212380. [PMID: 34830261 PMCID: PMC8620148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is strongly influenced by platelet activation. Platelet activation and thrombus formation at atherosclerotic plaque rupture sites is a dynamic process regulated by different signaling networks. Therefore, there are now focused efforts to search for novel bioactive compounds which target receptors and pathways in the platelet activation process while preserving normal hemostatic function. The antiplatelet activity of numerous fruits and vegetables and their multiple mechanisms of action have recently been highlighted. In this review, we review the antiplatelet actions of bioactive compounds via key pathways (protein disulfide isomerase, mitogen-activated protein kinases, mitochondrial function, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Akt, and shear stress-induced platelet aggregation) with no effects on bleeding time. Therefore, targeting these pathways might lead to the development of effective antiplatelet strategies that do not increase the risk of bleeding.
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20
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Ed Nignpense B, Francis N, Blanchard C, Santhakumar AB. Bioaccessibility and Bioactivity of Cereal Polyphenols: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071595. [PMID: 34359469 PMCID: PMC8307242 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols, are known to possess a wide range of disease preventive properties that are attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. However, due to their low plasma concentrations after oral intake, there is controversy regarding their therapeutic benefits in vivo. Within the gastrointestinal tract, some cereal polyphenols are absorbed in the small intestine, with the majority accumulating and metabolised by the colonic microbiota. Chemical and enzymatic processes occurring during gastrointestinal digestion modulate the bioactivity and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds. The interactions between the cereal polyphenols and the intestinal epithelium allow the modulation of intestinal barrier function through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity and mucin production thereby improving intestinal health. The intestinal microbiota is believed to have a reciprocal interaction with polyphenols, wherein the microbiome produces bioactive and bioaccessible phenolic metabolites and the phenolic compound, in turn, modifies the microbiome composition favourably. Thus, the microbiome presents a key link between polyphenol consumption and the health benefits observed in metabolic conditions in numerous studies. This review will explore the therapeutic value of cereal polyphenols in conjunction with their bioaccessibility, impact on intestinal barrier function and interaction with the microbiome coupled with plasma anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borkwei Ed Nignpense
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (B.E.N.); (N.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Nidhish Francis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (B.E.N.); (N.F.); (C.B.)
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Christopher Blanchard
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (B.E.N.); (N.F.); (C.B.)
- Australian Research Council (ARC), Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Abishek Bommannan Santhakumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (B.E.N.); (N.F.); (C.B.)
- Australian Research Council (ARC), Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6933-2678
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21
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Tian Q, Li SM, Li B. The Pro-Gly or Hyp-Gly Containing Peptides from Absorbates of Fish Skin Collagen Hydrolysates Inhibit Platelet Aggregation and Target P 2Y 12 Receptor by Molecular Docking. Foods 2021; 10:1553. [PMID: 34359423 PMCID: PMC8303285 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies found that the collagen hydrolysates of fish skin have antiplatelet activity, but this component remained unknown. In this study, eleven peptides were isolated and identified in the absorbates of Alcalase-hydrolysates and Protamex®-hydrolysates of skin collagen of H. Molitrix by reverse-phase C18 column and HPLC-MS/MS. Nine of them contained a Pro-Gly (PG) or Hyp-Gly (OG) sequence and significantly inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro, which suggested that the PG(OG) sequence is the core sequence of collagen peptides with antiplatelet activity. Among them, OGSA has the strongest inhibiting activities against ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro (IC50 = 0.63 mM), and OGSA inhibited the thrombus formation in rats at a dose of 200 μM/kg.bw with no risk of bleeding. The molecular docking results implied that the OG-containing peptides might target the P2Y12 receptor and form hydrogen bonds with the key sites Cys97, Ser101, and Lys179. As the sequence PG(OG) is abundant in the collagen amino acid sequence of H. Molitrix, the collagen hydrolysates of H. Molitrix might have great potential for being developed as dietary supplements to prevent cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tian
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.T.); (S.-M.L.)
| | - Shi-Ming Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.T.); (S.-M.L.)
| | - Bo Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.T.); (S.-M.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
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22
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Zaragozá C, Monserrat J, Mantecón C, Villaescusa L, Álvarez-Mon MÁ, Zaragozá F, Álvarez-Mon M. Binding and antiplatelet activity of quercetin, rutin, diosmetin, and diosmin flavonoids. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111867. [PMID: 34229245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets exert an essential role in vascular inflammation and thrombosis. Flavonoids are natural compounds employed for the clinical management of vascular disorders preventing capillary permeability, working as phlebotonics and improving the blood rheology, although their mechanism of action remains partially unknown. The effects of quercetin, rutin, diosmetin and diosmin were investigated in platelet activation utilizing blood from healthy and non-treated volunteers. The arrangement of the different activation states of platelets and GPIIb/IIIa receptor occupation was computed by flow cytometry working with calcium ionophore as pro-aggregant to provoke platelet activation and aggregation. The flavonoids studied demonstrated relevant antiplatelet activity through the blocked of GPIIb/IIIa receptors, the suppression of the platelet activation, as well as the pro-aggregate effect of calcium ionophore. Therefore, whichever of the active ingredients examined could be beneficious in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and this article also contributes to elucidate a new mechanism of action for these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zaragozá
- Pharmacology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Laboratory of Immune System Diseases and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS). Biomedical Institute for Liver and Gut Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Mantecón
- Pharmacology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucinda Villaescusa
- Pharmacology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon
- Laboratory of Immune System Diseases and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS). Biomedical Institute for Liver and Gut Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Zaragozá
- Pharmacology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Laboratory of Immune System Diseases and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS). Biomedical Institute for Liver and Gut Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Internal Medicine and Rheumatology/Autoimmunity Service, University Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias", Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Ekowati J, Febriani K, Yaqin INA, Wulandari AA, Mulya IH, Nofianti KA, Syahrani A. Shallot skin profilling, computational evaluation of physicochemical properties, ADMET, and molecular docking of its components against P2Y12 receptor. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:429-437. [PMID: 34214369 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Medicinal plants are a source of many compounds that are useful in the pharmaceutical field for novel drug development. Polyphenols and the flavonoid group in plants are known to have several activities, such as relieving cardio vascular disease (CVD). The outer skin of the shallot which is disposed of as waste is known to have an antiplatelet activity which was tested in vitro assay. To date, there is no study reported on the ADMET profile and physicochemical properties of the active component of the shallot skins. METHODS The extraction of shallot skins was conducted by ultrasonic irradiation using ethanol. The phytochemical screenings were carried out by TLC and color reaction. The profiling of its active ingredient was presented by GC-MS, HPLC and spectrophotometry UV-vis. Whereas their physicochemical properties were analyzed by ChemDraw 17.00 program and the ADMET predictions were studied using pkCSM online tool. The MVD program was operated in the docking study on protein P2Y12 (PDB ID 4PXZ). RESULTS The extract showed the presence of polyphenol, flavonoids, quercetin, natalensine-3,5-dinitrobenzoate; bis[2-(2-fluorophenyl)-6-fluoroquinolin-4-yl]amine, benzo[a]heptalene, N-(trifluoroacetyl) methyl-N-deacethyl-colchicine. The ADMET prediction data displayed that the compounds in the extract have good absorption so that they can be used in the oral and transdermal routes. Some components in the extract have lower MDS than clopidogrel. CONCLUSIONS The ultrasonicated shallot skin extract can be used as additional resources of the active pharmaceutical ingredients and to have the potency to be developed as an oral or transdermal preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juni Ekowati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Kholidah Febriani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Itsna N A Yaqin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Adinda A Wulandari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Indra H Mulya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Kholis A Nofianti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Syahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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24
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Grijalva-Guiza RE, Jiménez-Garduño AM, Hernández LR. Potential Benefits of Flavonoids on the Progression of Atherosclerosis by Their Effect on Vascular Smooth Muscle Excitability. Molecules 2021; 26:3557. [PMID: 34200914 PMCID: PMC8230563 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites derived from plant-based foods, and they offer many health benefits in different stages of several diseases. This review will focus on their effects on ion channels expressed in vascular smooth muscle during atherosclerosis. Since ion channels can be regulated by redox potential, it is expected that during the onset of oxidative stress-related diseases, ion channels present changes in their conductive activity, impacting the progression of the disease. A typical oxidative stress-related condition is atherosclerosis, which involves the dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle. We aim to present the state of the art on how redox potential affects vascular smooth muscle ion channel function and summarize if the benefits observed in this disease by using flavonoids involve restoring the ion channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Edith Grijalva-Guiza
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico;
| | | | - Luis Ricardo Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico;
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25
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Dagher O, Mury P, Thorin-Trescases N, Noly PE, Thorin E, Carrier M. Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin to Alleviate Endothelial Dysfunction in Age-Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:658400. [PMID: 33860002 PMCID: PMC8042157 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.658400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium occupies a catalog of functions that contribute to the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. It is a physically active barrier between circulating blood and tissue, a regulator of the vascular tone, a biochemical processor and a modulator of coagulation, inflammation, and immunity. Given these essential roles, it comes to no surprise that endothelial dysfunction is prodromal to chronic age-related diseases of the heart and arteries, globally termed cardiovascular diseases (CVD). An example would be ischemic heart disease (IHD), which is the main cause of death from CVD. We have made phenomenal advances in treating CVD, but the aging endothelium, as it senesces, always seems to out-run the benefits of medical and surgical therapies. Remarkably, many epidemiological studies have detected a correlation between a flavonoid-rich diet and a lower incidence of mortality from CVD. Quercetin, a member of the flavonoid class, is a natural compound ubiquitously found in various food sources such as fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts, and wine. It has been reported to have a wide range of health promoting effects and has gained significant attention over the years. A growing body of evidence suggests quercetin could lower the risk of IHD by mitigating endothelial dysfunction and its risk factors, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, accumulation of senescent endothelial cells, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). In this review, we will explore these pathophysiological cascades and their interrelation with endothelial dysfunction. We will then present the scientific evidence to quercetin's anti-atherosclerotic, anti-hypertensive, senolytic, and anti-EndoMT effects. Finally, we will discuss the prospect for its clinical use in alleviating myocardial ischemic injuries in IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olina Dagher
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pauline Mury
- Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Emmanuel Noly
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Thorin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Carrier
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Lee SE, Park YS. The Emerging Roles of Antioxidant Enzymes by Dietary Phytochemicals in Vascular Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030199. [PMID: 33806594 PMCID: PMC8001043 DOI: 10.3390/life11030199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases are major causes of death worldwide, causing pathologies including diabetes, atherosclerosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exposure of the vascular system to a variety of stressors and inducers has been implicated in the development of various human diseases, including chronic inflammatory diseases. In the vascular wall, antioxidant enzymes form the first line of defense against oxidative stress. Recently, extensive research into the beneficial effects of phytochemicals has been conducted; phytochemicals are found in commonly used spices, fruits, and herbs, and are used to prevent various pathologic conditions, including vascular diseases. The present review aims to highlight the effects of dietary phytochemicals role on antioxidant enzymes in vascular diseases.
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Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J, Ponczek M, Sady-Janczak M, Pilarski R, Bukowska B. Extracts from Uncaria tomentosa as antiplatelet agents and thrombin inhibitors - The in vitro and in silico study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113494. [PMID: 33091497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A wide range of traditional medicine applications of Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC., commonly known as 'vilcacora' or 'cat's claw', includes blood purification, its anticoagulant properties and its use in haemorrhage therapy. AIM OF THE STUDY Our work is devoted to the effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts (1-50 μg/ml) from U. tomentosa leaves and bark on the haemostatic system. The study is based on two main questions: Can these extracts influence the coagulation cascade of blood plasma or the activation of blood platelets? Do they feature any anticoagulant properties? MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood platelet aggregation was measured in human platelet-rich plasma; the anticoagulant tests were based on the thrombin, prothrombin and the activated partial thromboplastin time. For the thrombin (TH)-inhibitory activity evaluation, the chromogenic substrate S-2238 and fibrinogen, i.e. physiological substrate for this enzyme, were used. In silico studies included the interactions of TH and the main components of the extracts. RESULTS The examined extracts demonstrated slight antiplatelet activity. The thrombin time was slightly prolonged. The most efficient TH inhibitor was the ethanolic fraction from leaves (IC50 = 5.86 and 12.48 μg/ml, for the amidolytic and proteolytic assay, respectively). The plant ingredients interacted with TH within and outside the active site, dependently on the compound. The higher binding affinity was found for procyanidins B2 and C1. CONCLUSIONS The examined extracts demonstrated slight antiplatelet effects; however, they may be promising candidates for the natural inhibitors of TH, which is critical for the formation of fibrin clot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kolodziejczyk-Czepas
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Michał Ponczek
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sady-Janczak
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Pilarski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Noskowskiego 12/14 Str., 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
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Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Hemostasis by Flavonoids from Lentil Aerial Parts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020497. [PMID: 33477724 PMCID: PMC7832333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
While specific metabolites of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) seeds and their biological activity have been well described, other organs of this plant have attracted little scientific attention. In recent years, green parts of lentils have been shown to contain diverse acylated flavonoids. This work presents the results of the research on the effect of the crude extract, the phenolic fraction, and seven flavonoids obtained from aerial parts of lentils on oxidative damage induced by H2O2/Fe to lipid and protein constituents of human plasma. Another goal was to determine their effect on hemostasis parameters of human plasma in vitro. Most of the purified lentil flavonoids had antioxidant and anticoagulant properties. The crude extract and the phenolic fraction of lentil aerial parts showed antioxidant activity, only at the highest tested concentration (50 μg/mL). Our results indicate that aerial parts of lentils may be recommended as a source of bioactive substances.
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Wen K, Fang X, Yang J, Yao Y, Nandakumar KS, Salem ML, Cheng K. Recent Research on Flavonoids and their Biomedical Applications. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1042-1066. [PMID: 32660393 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200713184138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, commonly found in various plants, are a class of polyphenolic compounds having a basic structural unit of 2-phenylchromone. Flavonoid compounds have attracted much attention due to their wide biological applications. In order to facilitate further research on the biomedical application of flavonoids, we surveyed the literature published on the use of flavonoids in medicine during the past decade, documented the commonly found structures in natural flavonoids, and summarized their pharmacological activities as well as associated mechanisms of action against a variety of health disorders including chronic inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular complications and hypoglycemia. In this mini-review, we provide suggestions for further research on the biomedical applications of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmei Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaochuan Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junli Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yongfang Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | | | | | - Kui Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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30
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Behl T, Bungau S, Kumar K, Zengin G, Khan F, Kumar A, Kaur R, Venkatachalam T, Tit DM, Vesa CM, Barsan G, Mosteanu DE. Pleotropic Effects of Polyphenols in Cardiovascular System. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110714. [PMID: 34321158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies demonstrate the beneficial effects of naturally occurring, polyphenol supplementations, on cardiovascular system. The present review emphasizes on the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disorders (involving heart and blood vessels), and overview of preclinical and clinical trials on polyphenols for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The review collaborates PUBMED, Google Scholar and Research gate databases, which were explored using keywords and their combinations such as polyphenols, cardiovascular disease, flavonoids, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk factors and several others, to create an eclectic manuscript. The potency and efficacy of these polyphenols are mainly depending upon the amount of consumption and bioavailability. Recent data showed that polyphenols also exert beneficial actions on vascular system by blocking platelet aggregation and oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), ameliorating endothelial dysfunction, reducing blood pressure, improving antioxidant defenses and alleviating inflammatory responses. Several studies evidently support the cardioprotective actions mediated by polyphenols, however, some studies or long-term follow-up of human studies, did not demonstrate decisive outcomes because of variations in dose regimen and lack of appropriate controls. Therefore, more data is required to explore the therapeutic benefits of bioactive compounds as a preventive therapy for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 1 Decembrie Sq., Oradea, Romania.
| | - Keshav Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Fazlullah Khan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 1 Decembrie Sq., Oradea, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 1 Decembrie Sq., Oradea, Romania
| | - Ghita Barsan
- "Nicolae Balcescu" Land Force Academy, Sibiu, Romania
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Abstract
Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are a global cause of mortality and morbidity that affect millions of lives worldwide. Following atherosclerotic plaque rupture, platelet activation and aggregation are the two major elements that initiate thrombus formation inside a coronary artery, which can obstruct blood flow and cause myocardial ischemia; ergo, antiplatelet therapy forms a major part of the treatment strategy for ACS. Patients with ACS routinely receive dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), which consists of aspirin and a platelet P2Y12 inhibitor to both treat and prevent atherothrombosis. Use of platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors is now limited due to the risk of severe bleeding and thrombocytopenia. Thus, administration of GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors is generally restricted to bail out thrombotic events associated with PCI. Furthermore, current antiplatelet medications mainly rely on thromboxane A2 and P2Y12 inhibition, which have broad-acting effects on platelets and are known to cause bleeding, which especially limits the long-term use of these agents. In addition, not all ACS patients treated with current antiplatelet treatments are protected from recurrence of arterial thrombosis, since many platelet mechanisms and activation pathways remain uninhibited by current antiplatelet therapy. Pharmacological antagonism of novel targets involved in platelet function could shape future antiplatelet therapies that could ultimately lead to more effective or safer therapeutic approaches. In this article, we focus on inhibitors of promising targets that have not yet been introduced into clinical practice, including inhibitors of GPVI, protease-activated receptor (PAR)-4, GPIb, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtype 2A (5-HT2A), protein disulfide isomerase, P-selectin and phosphoinositide 3-kinase β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz O Alenazy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark R Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK.,UHB and SWBH NHS Trusts , Birmingham, UK
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32
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Deng Q, Li XX, Fang Y, Chen X, Xue J. Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin as an Antiatherosclerotic Agent in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:5926381. [PMID: 32565865 PMCID: PMC7292974 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5926381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality globally. It causes a huge burden on families and caregivers and high costs for medicine and surgical interventions. Given expensive surgeries and failures of most conventional treatments, medical community tries to find a more cost-effective cure. Thus, attentions have been primarily focused on food or herbs. Quercetin (Qu) extracted from food, a flavonoid component, develops potentials of alternative or complementary medicine in atherosclerosis. Due to the wide range of health benefits, researchers have considered to apply Qu as a natural compound in therapy. This review is aimed to identify the antiatherosclerosis functions of Qu in treating ASCVD such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, effects on endothelium-dependent vasodilation, and blood lipid-lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Deng
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xue Li
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanting Fang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingui Xue
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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33
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Ed Nignpense B, Chinkwo KA, Blanchard CL, Santhakumar AB. Polyphenols: Modulators of Platelet Function and Platelet Microparticle Generation? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010146. [PMID: 31878290 PMCID: PMC6981839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets and platelet microparticles (PMPs) play a key role in the pathophysiology of vascular disorders such as coronary artery disease and stroke. In atherosclerosis, for example, the disruption of the plaque exposes endogenous agonists such as collagen, which activates platelets. Platelet hyper-activation and the high levels of PMPs generated in such situations pose a thrombotic risk that can lead to strokes or myocardial infarctions. Interestingly, dietary polyphenols are gaining much attention due to their potential to mimic the antiplatelet activity of treatment drugs such as aspirin and clopidogrel that target the glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-collagen and cyclooxygenease-1 (COX-1)-thromboxane platelet activation pathways respectively. Platelet function tests such as aggregometry and flow cytometry used to monitor the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs can also be used to assess the antiplatelet potential of dietary polyphenols. Despite the low bioavailability of polyphenols, several in vitro and dietary intervention studies have reported antiplatelet effects of polyphenols. This review presents a summary of platelet function in terms of aggregation, secretion, activation marker expression, and PMP release. Furthermore, the review will critically evaluate studies demonstrating the impact of polyphenols on aggregation and PMP release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borkwei Ed Nignpense
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (B.E.N.); (K.A.C.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Kenneth A. Chinkwo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (B.E.N.); (K.A.C.); (C.L.B.)
- Australian Research Council (ARC), Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Christopher L. Blanchard
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (B.E.N.); (K.A.C.); (C.L.B.)
- Australian Research Council (ARC), Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Abishek B. Santhakumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (B.E.N.); (K.A.C.); (C.L.B.)
- Australian Research Council (ARC), Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6933-2678
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