1
|
Yan F, Ma J, Peng M, Xi C, Chang S, Yang Y, Tian S, Zhou B, Liu T. Lactic acid induced defense responses in tobacco against Phytophthora nicotianae. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9338. [PMID: 38654120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Induced resistance is considered an eco-friendly disease control strategy, which can enhance plant disease resistance by inducing the plant's immune system to activate the defense response. In recent years, studies have shown that lactic acid can play a role in plant defense against biological stress; however, whether lactic acid can improve tobacco resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae, and its molecular mechanism remains unclear. In our study, the mycelial growth and sporangium production of P. nicotianae were inhibited by lactic acid in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Application of lactic acid could reduce the disease index, and the contents of total phenol, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), lignin and H2O2, catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities were significantly increased. To explore this lactic acid-induced protective mechanism for tobacco disease resistance, RNA-Seq analysis was used. Lactic acid enhances tobacco disease resistance by activating Ca2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal transduction, regulating antioxidant enzymes, SA, JA, abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) signaling pathways, and up-regulating flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes. This study demonstrated that lactic acid might play a role in inducing resistance to tobacco black shank disease; the mechanism by which lactic acid induces disease resistance includes direct antifungal activity and inducing the host to produce direct and primed defenses. In conclusion, this study provided a theoretical basis for lactic acid-induced resistance and a new perspective for preventing and treating tobacco black shank disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Junchi Ma
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Manjiang Peng
- Tobacco Quality Inspection, Department of Raw Material, Hongyun Honghe Tobacco Group, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, China
| | - Congfang Xi
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Sheng Chang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd. Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd. Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Suohui Tian
- No. 10 Middle School, Guangnan County, Wenshan Prefecture, Wenshan, 663300, Yunnan, China.
| | - Bo Zhou
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd. Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang JH, Wei HB, Hong YH, Yang RR, Meng J, Luan YS. The lncRNA20718-miR6022-RLPs module regulates tomato resistance to Phytophthora infestans. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:57. [PMID: 38319523 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Sl-lncRNA20718 acts as an eTM of Sl-miR6022 regulating its expression thereby affecting SlRLP6/10 expression. SlRLP6/10 regulate PRs expression, ROS accumulation, and JA/ET content thereby affecting tomato resistance to P. infestans. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important horticultural and cash crop whose yield and quality can be severely affected by Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are widely involved in plant defense responses against pathogens. The involvement of Sl-lncRNA20718 and Sl-miR6022 in tomato resistance to P. infestans as well as the targeting of Sl-miR6022 to receptor-like protein genes (RLPs) were predicted in our previous study. However, uncertainty exists regarding their potential interaction as well as the molecular processes regulating tomato resistance. Here, we found that Sl-lncRNA20718 and Sl-miR6022 are positive and negative regulators of tomato resistance to P. infestans by gain- and loss-of-function experiments, respectively. Overexpression of Sl-lncRNA20718 decreased the expression of Sl-miR6022, induced the expression of PRs, reduced the diameter of lesions (DOLs), thereby enhanced disease resistance. A six-point mutation in the binding region of Sl-lncRNA20718 to Sl-miR6022 disabled the interaction, indicating that Sl-lncRNA20718 acts as an endogenous target mimic (eTM) of Sl-miR6022. We demonstrated that Sl-miR6022 cleaves SlRLP6/10. Overexpression of Sl-miR6022 decreases the expression levels of SlRLP6/10, induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces the content of JA and ET, thus inhibiting tomato resistance to P. infestans. In conclusion, our study provides detailed information on the lncRNA20718-miR6022-RLPs module regulating tomato resistance to P. infestans by affecting the expression of disease resistance-related genes, the accumulation of ROS and the phytohormone levels, providing a new reference for tomato disease resistance breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hong-Bo Wei
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yu-Hui Hong
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization-Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Rui-Rui Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jun Meng
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yu-Shi Luan
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiménez A, López-Martínez R, Martí MC, Cano-Yelo D, Sevilla F. The integration of TRX/GRX systems and phytohormonal signalling pathways in plant stress and development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108298. [PMID: 38176187 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Plant acclimation to changing environmental conditions involves the interaction of different signalling molecules, including reactive oxygen species and hormones. Redox regulation exerted by thioredoxin (TRX) and glutaredoxin (GRX), two oxidoreductases, is emerging as a specific point of control mediating signal transduction pathways associated with plant growth and stress response. Phytohormones are messengers that coordinate plant cell activities to regulate growth, defence, and productivity, although their cross-talk with components of the redox system is less known. The present review focuses on our current knowledge of the interplay that occurs between TRX and GRX systems and phytohormonal signalling pathways in connection with the control of plant development and stress responses. Here, we consider the regulation that phytohormones exert on TRX and GRX systems, as well as the involvement of these redox proteins in the control of phytohormone-mediated signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jiménez
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Raquel López-Martínez
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Carmen Martí
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Desiré Cano-Yelo
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Wang Z, Gao T, Huang Y, Li T, Jiang X, Liu Y, Gao L, Xia T. Deep learning and targeted metabolomics-based monitoring of chewing insects in tea plants and screening defense compounds. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:698-713. [PMID: 37882465 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Tea is an important cash crop that is often consumed by chewing pests, resulting in reduced yields and economic losses. It is important to establish a method to quickly identify the degree of damage to tea plants caused by leaf-eating insects and screen green control compounds. This study was performed through the combination of deep learning and targeted metabolomics, in vitro feeding experiment, enzymic analysis and transient genetic transformation. A small target damage detection model based on YOLOv5 with Transformer Prediction Head (TPH-YOLOv5) algorithm for the tea canopy level was established. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) was used to analyze the correlation between the degree of damage and the phenolic metabolites. A potential defensive compound, (-)-epicatechin-3-O-caffeoate (EC-CA), was screened. In vitro feeding experiments showed that compared with EC and epicatechin gallate, Ectropis grisescens exhibited more significant antifeeding against EC-CA. In vitro enzymatic experiments showed that the hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (CsHCTs) recombinant protein has substrate promiscuity and can catalyze the synthesis of EC-CA. Transient overexpression of CsHCTs in tea leaves effectively reduced the degree of damage to tea leaves. This study provides important reference values and application prospects for the effective monitoring of pests in tea gardens and screening of green chemical control substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Tian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yipeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tongtong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liping Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang X, Xiang Y, Sun M, Xiong Y, Li C, Zhang T, Ma W, Wang Y, Liu X. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveals keys genes and metabolic pathways in tea (Camellia sinensis) against six-spotted spider mite (Eotetranychus Sexmaculatus). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:638. [PMID: 38072959 PMCID: PMC10712147 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Six-spotted spider mite (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) is one of the most damaging pests of tea (Camellia sinensis). E. sexmaculatus causes great economic loss and affects tea quality adversely. In response to pests, such as spider mites, tea plants have evolved resistance mechanisms, such as expression of defense-related genes and defense-related metabolites. RESULTS To evaluate the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of resistance in C. sinensis against spider mites, "Tianfu-5" (resistant to E. sexmaculatus) and "Fuding Dabai" (susceptible to E. sexmaculatus) were inoculated with spider mites. Transcriptomics and metabolomics based on RNA-Seq and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology were used to analyze changes in gene expression and metabolite content, respectively. RNA-Seq data analysis revealed that 246 to 3,986 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in multiple compared groups, and these DEGs were significantly enriched in various pathways, such as phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interactions, MAPK signaling, and plant hormone signaling. Additionally, the metabolome data detected 2,220 metabolites, with 194 to 260 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) identified in multiple compared groups, including phenylalanine, lignin, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. The combined analysis of RNA-Seq and metabolomic data indicated that phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, MAPK signaling, and Ca2+-mediated PR-1 signaling pathways may contribute to spider mite resistance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insights for identifying insect-induced genes and metabolites and form a basis for studies on mechanisms of host defense against spider mites in C. sinensis. The candidate genes and metabolites identified will be a valuable resource for tea breeding in response to biotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tea Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yunjia Xiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Minshan Sun
- Henan Assist Research Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiong
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tea Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tea Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tea Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiwei Ma
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tea Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tea Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tea Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsers I, Parfirova O, Moruzhenkova V, Petrova O, Gogoleva N, Vorob’ev V, Gogolev Y, Gorshkov V. A Switch from Latent to Typical Infection during Pectobacterium atrosepticum-Tobacco Interactions: Predicted and True Molecular Players. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13283. [PMID: 37686094 PMCID: PMC10487725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic microorganisms, being able to cause plant diseases, usually interact with hosts asymptomatically, resulting in the development of latent infections. Knowledge of the mechanisms that trigger a switch from latent to typical, symptomatic infection is of great importance from the perspectives of both fundamental science and disease management. No studies to date have compared, at the systemic molecular level, the physiological portraits of plants when different infection types (typical and latent) are developed. The only phytopathogenic bacterium for which latent infections were not only widely described but also at least fluently characterized at the molecular level is Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba). The present study aimed at the comparison of plant transcriptome responses during typical and latent infections caused by Pba in order to identify and then experimentally verify the key molecular players that act as switchers, turning peaceful plant-Pba coexistence into a typical infection. Based on RNA-Seq, we predicted plant cell wall-, secondary metabolism-, and phytohormone-related genes whose products contributed to the development of the disease or provided asymptomatic plant-Pba interactions. By treatment tests, we confirmed that a switch from latent to typical Pba-caused infection is determined by the plant susceptible responses mediated by the joint action of ethylene and jasmonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Tsers
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Olga Parfirova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Varvara Moruzhenkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Vladimir Vorob’ev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eckert S, Eilers EJ, Jakobs R, Anaia RA, Aragam KS, Bloss T, Popp M, Sasidharan R, Schnitzler JP, Stein F, Steppuhn A, Unsicker SB, van Dam NM, Yepes S, Ziaja D, Müller C. Inter-laboratory comparison of plant volatile analyses in the light of intra-specific chemodiversity. Metabolomics 2023; 19:62. [PMID: 37351733 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Assessing intraspecific variation in plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) involves pitfalls that may bias biological interpretation, particularly when several laboratories collaborate on joint projects. Comparative, inter-laboratory ring trials can inform on the reproducibility of such analyses. OBJECTIVES In a ring trial involving five laboratories, we investigated the reproducibility of VOC collections with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and analyses by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). As model plant we used Tanacetum vulgare, which shows a remarkable diversity in terpenoids, forming so-called chemotypes. We performed our ring-trial with two chemotypes to examine the sources of technical variation in plant VOC measurements during pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical steps. METHODS Monoclonal root cuttings were generated in one laboratory and distributed to five laboratories, in which plants were grown under laboratory-specific conditions. VOCs were collected on PDMS tubes from all plants before and after a jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. Thereafter, each laboratory (donors) sent a subset of tubes to four of the other laboratories (recipients), which performed TD-GC-MS with their own established procedures. RESULTS Chemotype-specific differences in VOC profiles were detected but with an overall high variation both across donor and recipient laboratories. JA-induced changes in VOC profiles were not reproducible. Laboratory-specific growth conditions led to phenotypic variation that affected the resulting VOC profiles. CONCLUSION Our ring trial shows that despite large efforts to standardise each VOC measurement step, the outcomes differed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Our results reveal sources of variation in plant VOC research and may help to avoid systematic errors in similar experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Eckert
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J Eilers
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ruth Jakobs
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Redouan Adam Anaia
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Bloss
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Moritz Popp
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rohit Sasidharan
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Florian Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Anke Steppuhn
- Department of Molecular Botany, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sybille B Unsicker
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole M van Dam
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Sol Yepes
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Dominik Ziaja
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Caroline Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Philosoph AM, Dombrovsky A, Luria N, Sela N, Elad Y, Frenkel O. Rapid defense mechanism suppression during viral- oomycete disease complex formation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1124911. [PMID: 37360707 PMCID: PMC10288809 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1124911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Combined infection of the host plant with pathogens involving different parasitic lifestyles may result in synergistic effects that intensify disease symptoms. Understanding the molecular dynamics during concurrent infection provides essential insight into the host response. The transcriptomic pattern of cucumber plants infected with a necrotrophic pathogen, Pythium spinosum, and a biotrophic pathogen, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) was studied at different time points, under regimes of single and co-infection. Analysis of CGMMV infection alone revealed a mild influence on host gene expression at the stem base, while the infection by P. spinosum is associated with drastic changes in gene expression. Comparing P. spinosum as a single infecting pathogen with a later co-infection by CGMMV revealed a rapid host response as early as 24 hours post-CGMMV inoculation with a sharp downregulation of genes related to the host defense mechanism against the necrotrophic pathogen. Suppression of the defense mechanism of co-infected plants was followed by severe stress, including 30% plants mortality and an increase of the P. spinosum hyphae. The first evidence of defense recovery against the necrotrophic pathogen only occurred 13 days post-viral infection. These results support the hypothesis that the viral infection of the Pythium pre-infected plants subverted the host defense system and changed the equilibrium obtained with P. spinosum. It also implies a time window in which the plants are most susceptible to P. spinosum after CGMMV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit M. Philosoph
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Levi Eshkol School of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aviv Dombrovsky
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Neta Luria
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Noa Sela
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Yigal Elad
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Omer Frenkel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zarraonaindia I, Cretazzo E, Mena-Petite A, Díez-Navajas AM, Pérez-López U, Lacuesta M, Pérez-Álvarez EP, Puertas B, Fernandez-Diaz C, Bertazzon N, Cantos-Villar E. Holistic understanding of the response of grapevines to foliar application of seaweed extracts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1119854. [PMID: 36923130 PMCID: PMC10010106 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1119854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Viticulture is highly dependent on phytochemicals to maintain good vineyard health. However, to reduce their accumulation in the environment, green regulations are driving the development of eco-friendly strategies. In this respect, seaweeds have proven to be one of the marine resources with the highest potential as plant protective agents, representing an environmentally-friendly alternative approach for sustainable wine production. The current work follows an interdisciplinary framework to evaluate the capacity of Ulva ohnoi and Rugulopteryx okamurae seaweeds to induce defense mechanisms in grapevine plants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate Rugulopteryx okamurae as a biostimulator . This macroalgae is relevant since it is an invasive species on the Atlantic and Mediterranean coast causing incalculable economic and environmental burdens. Four extracts (UL1, UL2, RU1 and RU2 developed from Ulva and Rugulopteryx, respectively) were foliar applied to Tempranillo plants cultivated under greenhouse conditions. UL1 and RU2 stood out for their capacity to induce defense genes, such as a PR10, PAL, STS48 and GST1, mainly 24 hours after the first application. The increased expression level of these genes agreed with i) an increase in trans-piceid and trans-resveratrol content, mainly in the RU2 treated leaves, and, ii) an increase in jasmonic acid and decrease in salicylic acid. Moreover, an induction of the activity of the antioxidant enzymes was observed at the end of the experiment, with an increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase in the RU2-treated leaves in particular. Interestingly, while foliar fungal diversity was not influenced by the treatments, alga extract amendment modified fungal composition, RU2 application enriching the content of various groups known for their biocontrol activity. Overall, the results evidenced the capacity of Rugulopteryx okamurae for grapevine biostimulation, inducing the activation of several secondary metabolite pathways and promoting the abundance of beneficial microbiota involved in grapevine protection. While further studies are needed to unravel the bioactive compound(s) involved, including conducting field experiments etc., the current findings are the first steps towards the inclusion of Rugulopteryx okamurae in a circular scheme that would reduce its accumulation on the coast and benefit the viticulture sector at the same time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iratxe Zarraonaindia
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Enrico Cretazzo
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca, Agua y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Andalucía, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Amaia Mena-Petite
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba), Spain
| | - Ana M. Díez-Navajas
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo (NEIKER)-Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Arkaute (Araba), Spain
| | - Usue Pérez-López
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Maite Lacuesta
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba), Spain
| | - Eva Pilar Pérez-Álvarez
- VIENAP Group, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo (ICVV), Carretera de Burgos, Logroño, Spain
| | - Belén Puertas
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca, Agua y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Andalucía, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Catalina Fernandez-Diaz
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) El Toruño, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca, Agua y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Andalucía, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Nadia Bertazzon
- The Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Emma Cantos-Villar
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca, Agua y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Andalucía, Cádiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xue R, Li Q, Guo R, Yan H, Ju X, Liao L, Zeng R, Song Y, Wang J. Rice Defense Responses Orchestrated by Oral Bacteria of the Rice Striped Stem Borer, Chilo suppressalis. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:1. [PMID: 36622503 PMCID: PMC9829949 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant defenses in response to chewing insects are generally regulated by jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, whereas salicylic acid (SA) signaling is mainly involved in plant defense against biotrophic pathogens and piercing-sucking insects. Previous studies showed that both JA- and SA-related defenses in rice plants were triggered by the infestation of the rice striped stem borer (SSB, Chilo suppressalis), a destructive pest causing severe damage to rice production. Herbivore-associated microbes play an important role in modulating plant-insect interaction, and thus we speculate that the SSB symbiotic microbes acting as a hidden player may cause this anomalous result. The antibiotics (AB) treatment significantly depressed the performance of field-collected SSB larvae on rice plants, and reduced the quantities of bacteria around the wounds of rice stems compared to non-AB treatment. In response to mechanical wounding and oral secretions (OS) collected from non-AB treated larvae, rice plants exhibited lower levels of JA-regulated defenses, but higher levels of SA-regulated defenses compared to the treatment of OS from AB-treated larvae determined by using a combination of biochemical and molecular methods. Among seven culturable bacteria isolated from the OS of SSB larvae, Enterobacter and Acinetobacter contributed to the suppression of JA signaling-related defenses in rice plants, and axenic larvae reinoculated with these two strains displayed better performance on rice plants. Our findings demonstrate that SSB larvae exploit oral secreted bacteria to interfere with plant anti-herbivore defense and avoid fully activating the JA-regulated antiherbivore defenses of rice plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ruiqing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xueyang Ju
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Y, Yuan S, Shao C, Zhu W, Xiao D, Zhang C, Hou X, Li Y. BcOPR3 Mediates Defense Responses to Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Pathogens in Arabidopsis and Non-heading Chinese Cabbage. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:2523-2537. [PMID: 35852468 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-22-0049-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways usually mediate the defense response to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, respectively. Our previous work showed that after non-heading Chinese cabbage (NHCC) was infected with the biotrophic pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica, expression of the JA biosynthetic gene BcOPR3 is induced; however, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we overexpressed BcOPR3 in Arabidopsis and silenced BcOPR3 in NHCC001 plants to study the defensive role of BcOPR3 in plants against pathogen invasion. The results showed that overexpression of BcOPR3 increased the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) but enhanced its resistance to Botrytis cinerea. BcOPR3-silenced NHCC001 plants with a 50% reduction in BcOPR3 expression increased their resistance to downy mildew by reducing the hyphal density and spores of H. parasitica. In addition, BcOPR3-partly silenced NHCC001 plants were also resistant to B. cinerea, which could be the result of a synergistic effect of JA and SA. These findings indicate a complicated role of BcOPR3 in the mediating defense responses to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuilin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cen Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weitong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang L, Calabria J, Chen HW, Somssich M. The Arabidopsis thaliana-Fusarium oxysporum strain 5176 pathosystem: an overview. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6052-6067. [PMID: 35709954 PMCID: PMC9578349 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne fungal pathogen of several major food crops. Research on understanding the molecular details of fungal infection and the plant's defense mechanisms against this pathogen has long focused mainly on the tomato-infecting F. oxysporum strains and their specific host plant. However, in recent years, the Arabidopsis thaliana-Fusarium oxysporum strain 5176 (Fo5176) pathosystem has additionally been established to study this plant-pathogen interaction with all the molecular biology, genetic, and genomic tools available for the A. thaliana model system. Work on this system has since produced several new insights, especially with regards to the role of phytohormones involved in the plant's defense response, and the receptor proteins and peptide ligands involved in pathogen detection. Furthermore, work with the pathogenic strain Fo5176 and the related endophytic strain Fo47 has demonstrated the suitability of this system for comparative studies of the plant's specific responses to general microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In this review, we highlight the advantages of this specific pathosystem, summarize the advances made in studying the molecular details of this plant-fungus interaction, and point out open questions that remain to be answered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wang
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jacob Calabria
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hsiang-Wen Chen
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ribeiro B, Erffelinck ML, Lacchini E, Ceulemans E, Colinas M, Williams C, Van Hamme E, De Clercq R, Perassolo M, Goossens A. Interference between ER stress-related bZIP-type and jasmonate-inducible bHLH-type transcription factors in the regulation of triterpene saponin biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:903793. [PMID: 36247618 PMCID: PMC9562455 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.903793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Triterpene saponins (TS) are a structurally diverse group of metabolites that are widely distributed in plants. They primarily serve as defense compounds and their production is often triggered by biotic stresses through signaling cascades that are modulated by phytohormones such as the jasmonates (JA). Two JA-modulated basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs), triterpene saponin biosynthesis activating regulator 1 (TSAR1) and TSAR2, have previously been identified as direct activators of TS biosynthesis in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Here, we report on the involvement of the core endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related basic leucine zipper (bZIP) TFs bZIP17 and bZIP60 in the regulation of TS biosynthesis. Expression and processing of M. truncatula bZIP17 and bZIP60 proteins were altered in roots with perturbed TS biosynthesis or treated with JA. Accordingly, such roots displayed an altered ER network structure. M. truncatula bZIP17 and bZIP60 proteins were shown to localize in the nucleus and appeared to be capable of interfering with the TSAR-mediated transactivation of TS biosynthesis genes. Furthermore, interference between ER stress-related bZIP and JA-modulated bHLH TFs in the regulation of JA-dependent terpene biosynthetic pathways may be widespread in the plant kingdom, as we demonstrate that it also occurs in the regulation of monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Ribeiro
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Laure Erffelinck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elia Lacchini
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evi Ceulemans
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maite Colinas
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Clara Williams
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Rebecca De Clercq
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Perassolo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Cátedra de Biotecnología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dwivedi V, Kumar SR, Shilpashree HB, Krishna R, Rao S, Shasany AK, Olsson SB, Nagegowda DA. An inducible potato (E,E)-farnesol synthase confers tolerance against bacterial pathogens in potato and tobacco. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1308-1323. [PMID: 35778946 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthases (TPSs) have diverse biological functions in plants. Though the roles of TPSs in herbivore defense are well established in many plant species, their role in bacterial defense has been scarce and is emerging. Through functional genomics, here we report the in planta role of potato (Solanum tuberosum) terpene synthase (StTPS18) in bacterial defense. Expression of StTPS18 was highest in leaves and was induced in response to Pseudomonas syringae and methyl jasmonate treatments. The recombinant StTPS18 exhibited bona fide (E,E)-farnesol synthase activity forming a sesquiterpenoid, (E,E)-farnesol as the sole product, utilising (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP). Subcellular localization of GFP fusion protein revealed that StTPS18 is localized to the cytosol. Silencing and overexpression of StTPS18 in potato resulted in reduced and enhanced tolerance, respectively, to bacterial pathogens P. syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum. Bacterial growth assay using medium containing (E,E)-farnesol significantly inhibited P. syringae growth. Moreover, StTPS18 overexpressing transgenic potato and Nicotiana tabacum leaves, and (E,E)-farnesol and P. syringae infiltrated potato leaves exhibited elevated expression of sterol pathway and members of pathogenesis-related genes with enhanced phytosterol accumulation. Interestingly, enhanced phytosterols in 13 C3 -(E,E)-farnesol infiltrated potato leaves were devoid of any noticeable 13 C labeling, indicating no direct utilization of (E,E)-farnesol in phytosterols formation. Furthermore, leaves of StTPS18 overexpressing transgenic lines had no detectable (E,E)-farnesol similar to the control plant, and emitted lower levels of sesquiterpenes than the control. These findings point towards an indirect involvement of StTPS18 and its product (E,E)-farnesol in bacterial defense through upregulation of phytosterol biosynthesis and defense genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Dwivedi
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Sarma Rajeev Kumar
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - H B Shilpashree
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Ram Krishna
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Srinivas Rao
- Naturalist-Inspired Chemical Ecology, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Ajit K Shasany
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shannon B Olsson
- Naturalist-Inspired Chemical Ecology, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
He L, Han Z, Zang Y, Dai F, Chen J, Jin S, Huang C, Cheng Y, Zhang J, Xu B, Qi G, Cao Y, Yan S, Xuan L, Zhang T, Si Z, Hu Y. Advanced genes expression pattern greatly contributes to divergence in Verticillium wilt resistance between Gossypium barbadense and Gossupium hirsutum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:979585. [PMID: 35979082 PMCID: PMC9376480 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.979585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium, representing one of the world's major pathogens, causes Verticillium wilt in important woody species, ornamentals, agricultural, etc., consequently resulting in a serious decline in production and quality, especially in cotton. Gossupium hirutum and Gossypium barbadense are two kinds of widely cultivated cotton species that suffer from Verticillium wilt, while G. barbadense has much higher resistance toward it than G. hirsutum. However, the molecular mechanism regarding their divergence in Verticillium wilt resistance remains largely unknown. In the current study, G. barbadense cv. Hai7124 and G. hirsutum acc. TM-1 were compared at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h post-inoculation (hpi) utilizing high throughput RNA-Sequencing. As a result, a total of 3,549 and 4,725 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, respectively. In particular, the resistant type Hai7124 displayed an earlier and faster detection and signaling response to the Verticillium dahliae infection and demonstrated higher expression levels of defense-related genes over TM-1 with respect to transcription factors, plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of divergence in Verticillium wilt resistance between G. barbadense and G. hirsutum and important candidate genes for breeding V. dahliae resistant cotton cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zegang Han
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihao Zang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Dai
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinwen Chen
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shangkun Jin
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chujun Huang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juncheng Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biyu Xu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoan Qi
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Cao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunyi Yan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Xuan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanfeng Si
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ortega-Cuadros M, De Souza TL, Berruyer R, Aligon S, Pelletier S, Renou JP, Arias T, Campion C, Guillemette T, Verdier J, Grappin P. Seed Transmission of Pathogens: Non-Canonical Immune Response in Arabidopsis Germinating Seeds Compared to Early Seedlings against the Necrotrophic Fungus Alternaria brassicicola. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131708. [PMID: 35807659 PMCID: PMC9269218 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transmission of seed-borne pathogens by the germinating seed is responsible for major crop diseases. The immune responses of the seed facing biotic invaders are poorly documented so far. The Arabidopsis thaliana/Alternaria brassicicola patho-system was used to describe at the transcription level the responses of germinating seeds and young seedling stages to infection by the necrotrophic fungus. RNA-seq analyses of healthy versus inoculated seeds at 3 days after sowing (DAS), stage of radicle emergence, and at 6 and 10 DAS, two stages of seedling establishment, identified thousands of differentially expressed genes by Alternaria infection. Response to hypoxia, ethylene and indole pathways were found to be induced by Alternaria in the germinating seeds. However, surprisingly, the defense responses, namely the salicylic acid (SA) pathway, the response to reactive oxygen species (ROS), the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) and programmed cell death, were found to be strongly induced only during the latter post-germination stages. We propose that this non-canonical immune response in early germinating seeds compared to early seedling establishment was potentially due to the seed-to-seedling transition phase. Phenotypic analyses of about 14 mutants altered in the main defense pathways illustrated these specific defense responses. The unexpected germination deficiency and insensitivity to Alternaria in the glucosinolate deficient mutants allow hypothesis of a trade-off between seed germination, necrosis induction and Alternaria transmission to the seedling. The imbalance of the SA and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways to the detriment of the JA also illustrated a non-canonical immune response at the first stages of the seedling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mailen Ortega-Cuadros
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, University City Campus, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 N°53-108, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
- Institut Agro, University Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, F-49000 Angers, France; (T.L.D.S.); (R.B.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (J.-P.R.); (C.C.); (T.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Tiago Lodi De Souza
- Institut Agro, University Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, F-49000 Angers, France; (T.L.D.S.); (R.B.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (J.-P.R.); (C.C.); (T.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Romain Berruyer
- Institut Agro, University Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, F-49000 Angers, France; (T.L.D.S.); (R.B.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (J.-P.R.); (C.C.); (T.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Sophie Aligon
- Institut Agro, University Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, F-49000 Angers, France; (T.L.D.S.); (R.B.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (J.-P.R.); (C.C.); (T.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Sandra Pelletier
- Institut Agro, University Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, F-49000 Angers, France; (T.L.D.S.); (R.B.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (J.-P.R.); (C.C.); (T.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Renou
- Institut Agro, University Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, F-49000 Angers, France; (T.L.D.S.); (R.B.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (J.-P.R.); (C.C.); (T.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Tatiana Arias
- Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Downtown Sarasota Campus, 1534 Mound Street, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA;
| | - Claire Campion
- Institut Agro, University Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, F-49000 Angers, France; (T.L.D.S.); (R.B.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (J.-P.R.); (C.C.); (T.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Thomas Guillemette
- Institut Agro, University Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, F-49000 Angers, France; (T.L.D.S.); (R.B.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (J.-P.R.); (C.C.); (T.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Jérome Verdier
- Institut Agro, University Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, F-49000 Angers, France; (T.L.D.S.); (R.B.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (J.-P.R.); (C.C.); (T.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Philippe Grappin
- Institut Agro, University Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, F-49000 Angers, France; (T.L.D.S.); (R.B.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (J.-P.R.); (C.C.); (T.G.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-249-180-483
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li D, Zhou J, Zheng C, Zheng E, Liang W, Tan X, Xu R, Yan C, Yang Y, Yi K, Liu X, Chen J, Wang X. OsTGAL1 suppresses the resistance of rice to bacterial blight disease by regulating the expression of salicylic acid glucosyltransferase OsSGT1. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1584-1602. [PMID: 35141931 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many TGA transcription factors participate in immune responses in the SA-mediated signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. This study identified a transcription factor OsTGAL1, which is induced upon infection by Xoo. Overexpression of OsTGAL1 increased the susceptibility of rice to Xoo. Plants overexpressing OsTGAL1 could affect the expression of many SA signaling-related genes. OsTGAL1 was able to interact with the promoter of OsSGT1, which encodes a key enzyme for SA metabolism. The transcript of OsSGT1 was induced by Xoo and this responsive expression was further increased in plants overexpressing OsTGAL1. OsSGT1 knockout lines had enhanced resistance to Xoo, and knocking out OsSGT1 in plants overexpressing OsTGAL1 blocked the susceptibility caused by OsTGAL1. Altered expression levels of several OsPRs in all the transgenic plants demonstrated that SA-mediated signaling had been affected. Furthermore, we identified an oxidoreductase of CC-type glutaredoxin, OsGRX17, which interacted with OsTGAL1. OsGRX17 reduced the regulation of OsTGAL1 on OsSGT1, and this may be due to its redox modulation. Thus, our results demonstrate that OsTGAL1 negatively regulates resistance to Xoo by its effects on SA metabolism via the activation of OsSGT1, which provides valuable targets for plant breeders in developing new cultivars that are resistant to Xoo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ersong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifang Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaojing Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rumeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keke Yi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jamil F, Mukhtar H, Fouillaud M, Dufossé L. Rhizosphere Signaling: Insights into Plant-Rhizomicrobiome Interactions for Sustainable Agronomy. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050899. [PMID: 35630345 PMCID: PMC9147336 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizospheric plant-microbe interactions have dynamic importance in sustainable agriculture systems that have a reduced reliance on agrochemicals. Rhizosphere signaling focuses on the interactions between plants and the surrounding symbiotic microorganisms that facilitate the development of rhizobiome diversity, which is beneficial for plant productivity. Plant-microbe communication comprises intricate systems that modulate local and systemic defense mechanisms to mitigate environmental stresses. This review deciphers insights into how the exudation of plant secondary metabolites can shape the functions and diversity of the root microbiome. It also elaborates on how rhizosphere interactions influence plant growth, regulate plant immunity against phytopathogens, and prime the plant for protection against biotic and abiotic stresses, along with some recent well-reported examples. A holistic understanding of these interactions can help in the development of tailored microbial inoculants for enhanced plant growth and targeted disease suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Jamil
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Hamid Mukhtar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (M.F.); Tel.: +92-333-424-5581 (H.M.); +262-262-483-363 (M.F.)
| | - Mireille Fouillaud
- CHEMBIOPRO Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de la Réunion, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (M.F.); Tel.: +92-333-424-5581 (H.M.); +262-262-483-363 (M.F.)
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- CHEMBIOPRO Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, ESIROI Département Agroalimentaire, Université de la Réunion, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shomron A, Duanis-Assaf D, Galsurker O, Golberg A, Alkan N. Extract from the Macroalgae Ulva rigida Induces Table Grapes Resistance to Botrytis cinerea. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050723. [PMID: 35267356 PMCID: PMC8909532 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal pathogens are a central cause of the high wastage rates of harvested fruit and vegetables. Seaweeds from the genus Ulva are fast-growing edible green macroalgae whose species can be found on the shore of every continent, and therefore present a resource that can be utilized on a global scale. In this study, we found that the application of ulvan extract, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from Ulva rigida (1000 mg/L), elicited table grapes defense and reduced the incidence and decay area of Botrytis cinerea by 43% and 41%, respectively. In addition, compared to the control group at two days post-treatment, ulvan extract elicited a variety of defense-related biomarkers such as a 43% increase in the activity of reactive oxygen species, 4-fold increase in the activity of catalase, 2-fold increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and 1.4-fold increase in the activity of chitinase. No increase was observed in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, and the treatment did not affect fruit quality parameters such as the pH levels, sugar levels, and titratable acidity of grapes. These results illustrate the potential of ulvan extract to naturally induce the plant defense response and to reduce postharvest decay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alon Shomron
- Department of Environmental Studies, Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (D.D.-A.); (O.G.)
| | - Danielle Duanis-Assaf
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (D.D.-A.); (O.G.)
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ortal Galsurker
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (D.D.-A.); (O.G.)
| | - Alexander Golberg
- Department of Environmental Studies, Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (N.A.)
| | - Noam Alkan
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (D.D.-A.); (O.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (N.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Response of Tomato-Pseudomonas Pathosystem to Mild Heat Stress. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Higher plants suffer from mild heat stress when temperatures increase by 5 °C above optimum growth temperatures. This produces changes at the cellular and metabolic levels, allowing plants to adapt to heat conditions. This study investigated an increase of 5 °C above the optimum growth temperature (26 °C) of tomato plants in the tomato–Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato pathosystem. A temperature increase above 26 °C affects plant development, the defensive pathways activated against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 (PstDC3000), and the bacterial growth and virulence machinery. The results demonstrated that tomato plants were able to acclimate to mild heat stress, showing no symptoms of damage. Moreover, plants subjected to a 5 °C increase (T31 °C plants) showed higher basal levels of metabolites such as proline and putrescine, which probably act as compatible osmolytes. This demonstrates their importance as key components of thermotolerance. When grown under mild heat stress, plants were less susceptible to PstDC3000 and showed increased accumulation of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid-isoleucine, and spermine. In addition, the temperature increase negatively affected the infectivity of PstDC3000. Inhibition of the genes responsible for quorum sensing establishment and synthesis of flagellin and coronatine was observed in bacteria extracted from T31 °C plants. Analysis of the genes involved in the synthesis of the type III secretion system indicates the important role of this system in bacterial growth under these conditions. As the known resistance mechanisms involved in the defense against PstDC3000 were not activated, the changes in its virulence mechanisms under high temperatures may explain the lower infection observed in the T31 °C plants.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ranjbaran E, Gholami M, Jensen M. Near-harvest application of methyl jasmonate affected phenolic content and antioxidant properties in "Thompson Seedless" grape. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:477-486. [PMID: 35154684 PMCID: PMC8825739 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of methyl jasmonate (MJ) preharvest treatment was investigated on some polyphenols and antioxidant systems in the "Thompson Seedless" table grape. The clusters were sprayed in the vineyard 2 days before harvest with 0, 1, 5, and 10 mM MJ. After picking, berries were stored for 6 days at 15°C, simulating marketing conditions. Total phenols and flavonoids were affected by MJ treatment, especially at 10 mM concentration, whereas total tannins were found to be unchanged. Antioxidant activity of the treated skin was noticeably higher compared with the control, together with PAL and POD activity. Although MJ had little effect on catechin and epicatechin, the levels of quercetin and rutin were noticeable. In addition, 5 and 10 mM MJ exerted a pronounced effect on transresveratrol content. These data showed that a single preharvest application close to the harvest time could be an effective treatment to promote the antioxidant properties of the grape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ranjbaran
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of AgricultureBu‐Ali Sina UniversityHamedanIran
- Department of Food ScienceAarhus UniversityAarhus NDenmark
| | - Mansour Gholami
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of AgricultureBu‐Ali Sina UniversityHamedanIran
| | - Martin Jensen
- Department of Food ScienceAarhus UniversityAarhus NDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xie J, Yang F, Xu X, Peng Y, Ji H. Salicylic Acid, Jasmonate, and Ethylene Contribute to Rice Defense Against White Tip Nematodes Aphelenchoides besseyi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:755802. [PMID: 35126405 PMCID: PMC8811222 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.755802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones have a prominent place in the plant immune and defense mechanism. To gain more information about the plant hormone pathways involved in rice defense against nematodes, here, we studied the roles of three core hormones, namely, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonate (JA), and ethylene (ET) in rice defense to Aphelenchoides besseyi by using the susceptible variety, Nipponbare as well as the resistant variety Tetep. The data showed that Tetep exhibited pre- and post-invasion with suppression of nematode infection, development, and reproduction. The quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR analysis of plant hormone marker genes in the two cultivars clearly revealed that all the SA-related genes were downregulated in susceptible Nipponbare plants but were significantly upregulated in resistant Tetep plants at the flowering stage. The exogenous application of the SA analog, benzo-1,2,3-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and ethephon did induce rice resistance to A. besseyi, and the rice plants treated by hormone inhibitors increased susceptibility to A. besseyi. Similarly, corresponding transgenic biosynthesis or signaling mutants of those hormones also showed an increased susceptibility. Collectively, these results suggest that SA, JA, and ET play important defense roles in rice against A. besseyi.
Collapse
|
23
|
Riahi C, González-Rodríguez J, Alonso-Valiente M, Urbaneja A, Pérez-Hedo M. Eliciting Plant Defenses Through Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles’ Exposure in Sweet Peppers. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.776827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect herbivory activates plant defense mechanisms and releases a blend of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). These volatile compounds may be involved in plant-plant communication and induce defense response in undamaged plants. In this work, we investigated whether the exposure of sweet pepper plants to HIPVs [(Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl propanoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl butanoate, hexyl butanoate, methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate] activates the sweet pepper immune defense system. For this, healthy sweet pepper plants were individually exposed to the each of the above mentioned HIPVs over 48 h. The expression of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid related genes was quantified. Here, we show that all the tested volatiles induced plant defenses by upregulating the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathway. Additionally, the response of Frankliniella occidentalis, a key sweet pepper pest, and Orius laevigatus, the main natural enemy of F. occidentalis, to HIPV-exposed sweet pepper plants were studied in a Y-tube olfactometer. Only plants exposed to (Z)-3-hexenyl propanoate and methyl salicylate repelled F. occidentalis whereas O. laevigatus showed a strong preference to plants exposed to (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenyl propanoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl butanoate, methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate. Our results show that HIPVs act as elicitors to sweet pepper plant defenses by enhancing defensive signaling pathways. We anticipate our results to be a starting point for integrating HIPVs-based approaches in sweet pepper pest management systems which may provide a sustainable strategy to manage insect pests in horticultural plants.
Collapse
|
24
|
Quaglia M, Troni E, D’Amato R, Ederli L. Effect of zinc imbalance and salicylic acid co-supply on Arabidopsis response to fungal pathogens with different lifestyles. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:30-40. [PMID: 34608720 PMCID: PMC9291626 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, Zn nutritional imbalance can affect growth, physiology and response to stress, with effect variable depending on host-pathogen interaction. Mechanisms through which Zn operates are not yet well known. The hormone salicylic acid (SA) can affect plant ion uptake, transport and defence responses. Thus, in this study the impact of Zn imbalance and SA co-supply on severity of infection with the necrotrophic fungal pathogen B. cinerea or the biotroph G. cichoracearum was assessed in A. thaliana Col-0. Spectrophotometric assays for pigments and malondialdehyde (MDA) content as a marker of lipid peroxidation, plant defensin 1.2 gene expression by semi-quantitative PCR, callose visualization by fluorescence microscopy and diseases evaluation by macro- and microscopic observations were carried out. Zinc plant concentration varied with the supplied dose. In comparison with the control, Zn-deficit or Zn-excess led to reduced chlorophyll content and PDF 1.2 transcripts induction. In Zn-deficient plants, where MDA increased, also the susceptibility to B. cinerea increased, whereas MDA decreased in G. cichoracearum. Zinc excess increased susceptibility to both pathogens. Co-administration of SA positively affected MDA level, callose deposition, PDF 1.2 transcripts and plant response to the two pathogens. The increased susceptibility to B. cinerea in both Zn-deficient and Zn-excess plants could be related to lack of induction of PDF 1.2 transcripts; oxidative stress could explain higher susceptibility to the necrotroph and lower susceptibility to the biotroph in Zn-deficient plants. This research shows that an appropriate evaluation of Zn supply according to the prevalent stress factor is desirable for plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Quaglia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - E. Troni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - R. D’Amato
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - L. Ederli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Becker C, Han P, de Campos MR, Béarez P, Thomine E, Le Bot J, Adamowicz S, Brun R, Fernandez X, Desneux N, Michel T, Lavoir AV. Feeding guild determines strength of top-down forces in multitrophic system experiencing bottom-up constraints. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148544. [PMID: 34182448 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and water are crucial in crop production but increasingly scarce environmental resources. Reducing their inputs can affect the whole plant-arthropod community including biocontrol agents. In a multitrophic system, we studied the interaction of the bottom-up effects of moderately reduced N concentration and/or water supply as well as the top-down effects of pests of different feeding guilds on plant nutritional quality (N and carbon concentration), direct defense (alkaloids and phenolics), and indirect defense (plant volatile organic compounds); on herbivore performance and host quality (N and carbon) to parasitoids and the latter's performance. Studied organisms were tomato plants, the sap feeders Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Bemisia tabaci, the leaf chewers Tuta absoluta and Spodoptera littoralis, and the parasitic wasps Aphelinus abdominalis and Necremnus tutae. Resource limitation affected plant quality, triggering bottom-up effects on herbivore and parasitoid performance, except for T. absoluta and N. tutae. Feeding guild had a major influence: bottom-up effects were stronger on sap feeders; N effects were stronger on sap feeders while water effects were stronger with leaf chewers (S. littoralis). Top-down effects of leaf chewer herbivory partly attenuated bottom-up effects and partly suppressed plant defenses. Bottom-up effects weakened when cascading up trophic levels. In summary, the interaction between plants, pests, and beneficial insects was modulated by abiotic factors, affecting insect performance. Simultaneous abiotic and biotic impact shaped plant biochemistry depending on the feeding guild: the biotic top-down effect of leaf chewer herbivory attenuated the bottom-up effects of plant nutrition and hence dominated the plant biochemical profile whereas in sap feeder infested leaves, it corresponded to the abiotic impact. This study highlights the plant's finely tuned regulatory system facilitating response prioritization. It offers perspectives on how smart manipulation of plant nutrient solutions might save resources while maintaining efficient biocontrol in crop production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Becker
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - Peng Han
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France
| | | | - Philippe Béarez
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Eva Thomine
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France
| | | | | | - Richard Brun
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Xavier Fernandez
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR, 7272 Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Thomas Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR, 7272 Nice, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dodueva I, Lebedeva M, Lutova L. Dialog between Kingdoms: Enemies, Allies and Peptide Phytohormones. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112243. [PMID: 34834606 PMCID: PMC8618561 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Various plant hormones can integrate developmental and environmental responses, acting in a complex network, which allows plants to adjust their developmental processes to changing environments. In particular, plant peptide hormones regulate various aspects of plant growth and development as well as the response to environmental stress and the interaction of plants with their pathogens and symbionts. Various plant-interacting organisms, e.g., bacterial and fungal pathogens, plant-parasitic nematodes, as well as symbiotic and plant-beneficial bacteria and fungi, are able to manipulate phytohormonal level and/or signaling in the host plant in order to overcome plant immunity and to create the habitat and food source inside the plant body. The most striking example of such phytohormonal mimicry is the ability of certain plant pathogens and symbionts to produce peptide phytohormones of different classes. To date, in the genomes of plant-interacting bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, the genes encoding effectors which mimic seven classes of peptide phytohormones have been found. For some of these effectors, the interaction with plant receptors for peptide hormones and the effect on plant development and defense have been demonstrated. In this review, we focus on the currently described classes of peptide phytohormones found among the representatives of other kingdoms, as well as mechanisms of their action and possible evolutional origin.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang Y, Song R, Yuan H, Li T, Wang L, Lu K, Guo J, Liu W. Overexpressing the N-terminus of CATALASE2 enhances plant jasmonic acid biosynthesis and resistance to necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea B05.10. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1226-1238. [PMID: 34247446 PMCID: PMC8435237 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) acts antagonistically to jasmonic acid (JA) in plant immunity. We previously reported that CATALASE2 (CAT2) promotes JA-biosynthetic acyl-CoA oxidase (ACX) activity to enhance plant resistance to necrotrophic Botrytis cinerea, and SA represses JA biosynthesis through inhibiting CAT2 activity, while the underlying mechanism remains to be further elucidated. Here, we report that the truncated CAT2 N-terminus (CAT2-N) interacts with and promotes ACX2/3, and CAT2-N-overexpressing plants have increased JA accumulation and enhanced resistance to B. cinerea B05.10, but compromised antagonism of SA on JA. Catalase inhibitor treatment or mutating CAT2 active amino acids abolished CAT2 H2 O2 -decomposing activity but did not affect its promotion of ACX2/3 activity via interaction. CAT2-N, a truncated protein with no catalase activity, interacted with and promoted ACX2/3. Overexpressing CAT2-N in Arabidopsis plants resulted in increased ACX activity, higher JA accumulation, and stronger resistance to B. cinerea B05.10 infection. Additionally, SA dramatically repressed JA biosynthesis and resistance to B. cinerea in the wild type but not in the CAT2-N-overexpressing plants. Together, our study reveals that CAT2-N can be utilized as an accelerator for JA biosynthesis during plant resistance to B. cinerea B05.10, and this truncated protein partly relieves SA repression of JA biosynthesis in plant defence responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and ImprovementSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Ru‐Feng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and ImprovementSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Hong‐Mei Yuan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Ting‐Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound ScreeningJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina
| | - Lin‐Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and ImprovementSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Kai‐Kai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and ImprovementSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Jia‐Xing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and ImprovementSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Wen‐Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and ImprovementSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Song Y, Zhai Y, Li L, Yang Z, Ge X, Yang Z, Zhang C, Li F, Ren M. BIN2 negatively regulates plant defence against Verticillium dahliae in Arabidopsis and cotton. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2097-2112. [PMID: 34036698 PMCID: PMC8486250 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is caused by the soil-borne vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae, and affects a wide range of economically important crops, including upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Previous studies showed that expression levels of BIN2 were significantly down-regulated during infestation with V. dahliae. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of BIN2 in plant regulation against V. dahliae remains enigmatic. Here, we characterized a protein kinase GhBIN2 from Gossypium hirsutum, and identified GhBIN2 as a negative regulator of resistance to V. dahliae. The Verticillium wilt resistance of Arabidopsis and cotton were significantly enhanced when BIN2 was knocked down. Constitutive expression of BIN2 attenuated plant resistance to V. dahliae. We found that BIN2 regulated plant endogenous JA content and influenced the expression of JA-responsive marker genes. Further analysis revealed that BIN2 interacted with and phosphorylated JAZ family proteins, key repressors of the JA signalling pathway in both Arabidopsis and cotton. Spectrometric analysis and site-directed mutagenesis showed that BIN2 phosphorylated AtJAZ1 at T196, resulting in the degradation of JAZ proteins. Collectively, these results show that BIN2 interacts with JAZ proteins and plays a negative role in plant resistance to V. dahliae. Thus, BIN2 may be a potential target gene for genetic engineering against Verticillium wilt in crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Song
- Zhengzhou Research BaseState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
- School of Life SciencesLiaocheng UniversityLiaochengChina
| | - Yaohua Zhai
- Zhengzhou Research BaseState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Linxuan Li
- Institute of Urban AgricultureChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengduChina
| | - Zhaoen Yang
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Zuoren Yang
- Zhengzhou Research BaseState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Chaojun Zhang
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research BaseState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Zhengzhou Research BaseState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
- Institute of Urban AgricultureChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xiao K, Zhu H, Zhu X, Liu Z, Wang Y, Pu W, Guan P, Hu J. Overexpression of PsoRPM3, an NBS-LRR gene isolated from myrobalan plum, confers resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in tobacco. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:129-146. [PMID: 34596818 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGES We reported an NBS-LRR gene, PsoRPM3, is highly expressed following RKN infection, initiating an HR response that promotes plant resistance. Meloidogyne spp. are root-knot nematodes (RKNs) that cause substantial economic losses worldwide. Screening for resistant tree resources and identifying plant resistance genes is currently the most effective way to prevent RKN infestations. Here, we cloned a novel TIR-NB-LRR-type resistance gene, PsoRPM3, from Xinjiang wild myrobalan plum (Prunus sogdiana Vassilcz.) and demonstrated that its protein product localized to the nucleus. In response to Meloidogyne incognita infection, PsoRPM3 gene expression levels were significantly higher in resistant myrobalan plum plants compared to susceptible plants. We investigated this difference, discovering that the - 309 to - 19 bp region of the susceptible PsoRPM3 promoter was highly methylated. Indeed, heterologous expression of PsoRPM3 significantly enhanced the resistance of susceptible tobacco plants to M. incognita. Moreover, transient expression of PsoRPM3 induced a hypersensitive response in tobacco, whereas RNAi-mediated silencing of PsoRPM3 in transgenic tobacco reduced this hypersensitive response. Several hypersensitive response marker genes were considerably up-regulated in resistant myrobalan plum plants when compared with susceptible counterparts inoculated with M. incognita. PsoPR1a (a SA marker gene), PsoPR2 (a JA marker gene), and PsoACS6 (an ET signaling marker gene) were all more highly expressed in resistant than in susceptible plants. Together, these results support a model in which PsoRPM3 is highly expressed following RKN infection, initiating an HR response that promotes plant resistance through activated salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xiao
- Laboratory of Fruit Physiology and Molecular Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Physiology and Molecular Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Physiology and Molecular Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Physiology and Molecular Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Physiology and Molecular Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjiang Pu
- Laboratory of Fruit Physiology and Molecular Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pingyin Guan
- Laboratory of Fruit Physiology and Molecular Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfang Hu
- Laboratory of Fruit Physiology and Molecular Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ochoa-Meza LC, Quintana-Obregón EA, Vargas-Arispuro I, Falcón-Rodríguez AB, Aispuro-Hernández E, Virgen-Ortiz JJ, Martínez-Téllez MÁ. Oligosaccharins as Elicitors of Defense Responses in Wheat. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3105. [PMID: 34578006 PMCID: PMC8470072 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is a highly relevant crop worldwide, and like other massive crops, it is susceptible to foliar diseases, which can cause devastating losses. The current strategies to counteract wheat diseases include global monitoring of pathogens, developing resistant genetic varieties, and agrochemical applications upon diseases' appearance. However, the suitability of these strategies is far from permanent, so other alternatives based on the stimulation of the plants' systemic responses are being explored. Plants' defense mechanisms can be elicited in response to the perception of molecules mimicking the signals triggered upon the attack of phytopathogens, such as the release of plant and fungal cell wall-derived oligomers, including pectin and chitin derivatives, respectively. Among the most studied cell wall-derived bioelicitors, oligogalacturonides and oligochitosans have received considerable attention in recent years due to their ability to trigger defense responses and enhance the synthesis of antipathogenic compounds in plants. Particularly, in wheat, the application of bioelicitors induces lignification and accumulation of polyphenolic compounds and increases the gene expression of pathogenesis-related proteins, which together reduce the severity of fungal infections. Therefore, exploring the use of cell wall-derived elicitors, known as oligosaccharins, stands as an attractive option for the management of crop diseases by improving plant readiness for responding promptly to potential infections. This review explores the potential of plant- and fungal-derived oligosaccharins as a practical means to be implemented in wheat crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Celina Ochoa-Meza
- Coordination of Food Technology of Vegetal Origin, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD), Ave. Gustavo E. Astiazarán #46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (L.C.O.-M.); (E.A.-H.)
| | - Eber Addí Quintana-Obregón
- CONACYT—Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD), Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (E.A.Q.-O.); (J.J.V.-O.)
| | - Irasema Vargas-Arispuro
- Coordination of Food Sciences, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD), Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico;
| | | | - Emmanuel Aispuro-Hernández
- Coordination of Food Technology of Vegetal Origin, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD), Ave. Gustavo E. Astiazarán #46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (L.C.O.-M.); (E.A.-H.)
| | - José J. Virgen-Ortiz
- CONACYT—Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD), Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (E.A.Q.-O.); (J.J.V.-O.)
- Center of Innovation and Agroalimentary Development of Michoacán (CIDAM), Morelia 58341, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-Téllez
- Coordination of Food Technology of Vegetal Origin, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD), Ave. Gustavo E. Astiazarán #46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (L.C.O.-M.); (E.A.-H.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Naskar S, Roy C, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay A, Hazarika LK, Chaudhuri RK, Roy S, Chakraborti D. Elicitation of biomolecules as host defense arsenals during insect attacks on tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7187-7199. [PMID: 34515843 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The most consumed and economically important beverage plant, tea (Camellia sinensis), and its pests have coevolved so as to maintain the plant-insect interaction. In this review, findings of different research groups on pest responsive tolerance mechanisms that exist in tea manifested through the production of secondary metabolites and their inducers are presented. The phytochemicals of C. sinensis have been categorized into volatiles, nonvolatiles, enzymes, and phytohormones for convenience. Two types of pests, namely the piercing-sucking pests and chewing pests, are associated with tea. Both the insect groups can trigger the production of those metabolites and inducers through several primary and secondary biosynthetic pathways. These induced biomolecules can act as insect repellents and most of them are associated with lowering the nutrient quality of plant tissue and increasing the indigestibility in the pest's gut. Moreover, some of them also act as predator attractants of particular pests. The herbivore-induced plant volatiles secreted from tea plants during pest infestation were (E)-nerolidol, α-farnesene, (Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, indole, benzyl nitrile (BN), linalool, and ocimenes. The nonvolatiles like theaflavin and L-theanine were increased in response to the herbivore attack. Simultaneously, S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthase, caffeine synthase activities were affected, whereas flavonoid synthesis and wax formation were elevated. Defense responsive enzymes like peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase are involved in pest prevention mechanisms. Phytohormones like jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and ethylene act as the modulator of the defense system. The objective of this review is to discuss the defensive roles of these metabolites and their inducers against pest infestation in tea with an aim to develop environmentally sustainable pesticides in the future.Key points• Herbivore-induced volatile signals and their effects on neighboring tea plant protection• Stereochemical conversion of volatiles, effects of nonvolatiles, expression of defense-responsive enzymes, and phytohormones due to pest attack• Improved understanding of metabolites for bio-sustainable pesticide development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Naskar
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Chitralekha Roy
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanatan Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananda Mukhopadhyay
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, , Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | | | | | - Somnath Roy
- Department of Entomology, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, Assam, 785008, India.
| | - Dipankar Chakraborti
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gorshkov V, Tsers I. Plant susceptible responses: the underestimated side of plant-pathogen interactions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:45-66. [PMID: 34435443 PMCID: PMC9291929 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant susceptibility to pathogens is usually considered from the perspective of the loss of resistance. However, susceptibility cannot be equated with plant passivity since active host cooperation may be required for the pathogen to propagate and cause disease. This cooperation consists of the induction of reactions called susceptible responses that transform a plant from an autonomous biological unit into a component of a pathosystem. Induced susceptibility is scarcely discussed in the literature (at least compared to induced resistance) although this phenomenon has a fundamental impact on plant-pathogen interactions and disease progression. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on plant susceptible responses and their regulation. We highlight two main categories of susceptible responses according to their consequences and indicate the relevance of susceptible response-related studies to agricultural practice. We hope that this review will generate interest in this underestimated aspect of plant-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia.,Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Ivan Tsers
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gough C, Sadanandom A. Understanding and Exploiting Post-Translational Modifications for Plant Disease Resistance. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1122. [PMID: 34439788 PMCID: PMC8392720 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly threatened by pathogens, so have evolved complex defence signalling networks to overcome pathogen attacks. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are fundamental to plant immunity, allowing rapid and dynamic responses at the appropriate time. PTM regulation is essential; pathogen effectors often disrupt PTMs in an attempt to evade immune responses. Here, we cover the mechanisms of disease resistance to pathogens, and how growth is balanced with defence, with a focus on the essential roles of PTMs. Alteration of defence-related PTMs has the potential to fine-tune molecular interactions to produce disease-resistant crops, without trade-offs in growth and fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hussain A, Noman A, Arif M, Farooq S, Khan MI, Cheng P, Qari SH, Anwar M, Hashem M, Ashraf MF, Alamri S, Adnan M, Khalofah A, Al-Zoubi OM, Ansari MJ, Khan KA, Sun Y. A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor CabHLH113 positively regulate pepper immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104909. [PMID: 33964418 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pepper's (Capsicum annum) response to bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearm inoculation (RSI) and abiotic stresses is known to be synchronized by transcriptional network; however, related molecular mechanisms need extensive experimentation. We identified and characterized functions of CabHLH113 -a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor-in pepper immunity to R. solanacearum infection. The RSI and foliar spray of phytohormones, including salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), ethylene (ETH), and absicic acid (ABA) induced transcription of CabHLH113 in pepper. Loss of function of CabHLH113 by virus-induced-gene-silencing (VIGS) compromised defense of pepper plants against RSI and suppressed relative expression levels of immunity-associated marker genes, i.e., CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1, CaHIR1 and CaABR1. Pathogen growth was significantly increased after loss of function of CabHLH113 compared with un-silenced plants with remarkable increase in pepper susceptibility. Besides, transiently over-expression of CabHLH113 induced HR-like cell death, H2O2 accumulation and up-regulation of defense-associated marker genes, e.g. CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1, CaHIR1 and CaABR1. Additionally, transient over-expression of CabHLH113 enhanced the transcriptional levels of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY27 and CaWRKY40. Conversely, transient over-expression of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY27 and CaWRKY40 enhanced the transcriptional levels of CabHLH113. Collectively, our results indicate that newly characterized CabHLH113 has novel defense functions in pepper immunity against RSI via triggering HR-like cell death and cellular levels of defense linked genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Hussain
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China; Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Plant Protection, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ifnan Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ping Cheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Sameer H Qari
- Biology Department, Aljumum University College, Umm Al - Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Assiut University, Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Furqan Ashraf
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Saad Alamri
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahlam Khalofah
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (MJP Rohilkhand University Bareilly), 244001, India
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yunhao Sun
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nucleotide-Binding Leucine-Rich Repeat Genes CsRSF1 and CsRSF2 Are Positive Modulators in the Cucumis sativus Defense Response to Sphaerotheca fuliginea. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083986. [PMID: 33924330 PMCID: PMC8069588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucumber powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea is a leaf disease that seriously affects cucumber's yield and quality. This study aimed to report two nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeats (NBS-LRR) genes CsRSF1 and CsRSF2, which participated in regulating the resistance of cucumber to S. fuliginea. The subcellular localization showed that the CsRSF1 protein was localized in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane, while the CsRSF2 protein was localized in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. In addition, the transcript levels of CsRSF1 and CsRSF2 were different between resistant and susceptible cultivars after treatment with exogenous substances, such as abscisic acid (ABA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), ethephon (ETH), gibberellin (GA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The expression analysis showed that the transcript levels of CsRSF1 and CsRSF2 were correlated with plant defense response against S. fuliginea. Moreover, the silencing of CsRSF1 and CsRSF2 impaired host resistance to S. fuliginea, but CsRSF1 and CsRSF2 overexpression improved resistance to S. fuliginea in cucumber. These results showed that CsRSF1 and CsRSF2 genes positively contributed to the resistance of cucumber to S. fuliginea. At the same time, CsRSF1 and CsRSF2 genes could also regulate the expression of defense-related genes. The findings of this study might help enhance the resistance of cucumber to S. fuliginea.
Collapse
|
36
|
Xiao Z, Liu X, Fang Z, Yang L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhuang M, Lv H. Transcriptome and plant hormone analyses provide new insight into the molecular regulatory networks underlying hybrid lethality in cabbage (Brassica oleracea). PLANTA 2021; 253:96. [PMID: 33839925 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Comparative morphological, transcriptomic and phytohormone analyses reveal a defence network leading to PCD involved in cabbage hybrid lethality. Hybrid lethality (HL) plays an essential role in the stability of a population by blocking gene exchange between species, but the molecular mechanism remains largely undetermined. In this study, we performed phenotype, transcriptome and plant hormone analyses of HL in cabbage. Phenotype analysis confirmed that HL is characterised by a typical programmed cell death (PCD) process. A time-resolved RNA-Seq identified 2724 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and functional annotations analyses revealed that HL was closely associated with the defence response. A defence regulation network was constructed based on the plant-pathogen interaction pathway and MAPK signalling pathway, which comprised DEGs related to Ca2+ and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) leading to PCD. Moreover, important DEGs involved in hormone signal transduction pathways including salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were identified, which were further confirmed by endogenous and exogenous SA and JA measurements. Our results identified key genes and pathways in the regulating network of HL in cabbage, and might open the gate for revealing the molecular mechanism of HL in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Limei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Honghao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rigsby CM, Body MJA, May A, Oppong A, Kostka A, Houseman N, Savage S, Whitney ER, Kinahan IG, Deboef B, Orians CM, Appel HM, Schultz JC, Preisser EL. Impact of chronic stylet-feeder infestation on folivore-induced signaling and defenses in a conifer. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:416-427. [PMID: 33094330 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of how conifers respond biochemically to multiple simultaneous herbivore attacks is lacking. Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis; 'hemlock') is fed on by hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae; 'adelgid') and by later-instar gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar; 'gypsy moth') caterpillars. The adelgid is a stylet-feeding insect that causes a salicylic acid (SA)-linked response in hemlock, and gypsy moth larvae are folivores that presumably cause a jasmonic acid (JA)-linked response. This system presents an opportunity to study how invasive herbivore-herbivore interactions mediated through host biochemical responses. We used a factorial field experiment to challenge chronically adelgid-infested hemlocks with gypsy moth caterpillars. We quantified 17 phytohormones, 26 phenolic and terpene metabolites, and proanthocyanidin, cell wall-bound (CW-bound) phenolic, and lignin contents. Foliage infested with adelgid only accumulated gibberellins and SA; foliage challenged by gypsy moth only accumulated JA phytohormones. Gypsy moth folivory on adelgid-infested foliage reduced the accumulation of JA phytohormones and increased the SA levels. Both herbivores increased CW-bound phenolics and gypsy moth increased lignin content when feeding alone but not when feeding on adelgid-infested foliage. Our study illustrates the importance of understanding the biochemical mechanisms and signaling antagonism underlying tree responses to multiple stresses and of disentangling local and systemic stress signaling in trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Rigsby
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories, The Morton Arboretum, 4100 IL-53, Lisle, IL 60532, USA
| | - Mélanie J A Body
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Amelia May
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Anita Oppong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Amy Kostka
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Nick Houseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Suzanne Savage
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Whitney
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Ian G Kinahan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Brenton Deboef
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Colin M Orians
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Heidi M Appel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Jack C Schultz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Evan L Preisser
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dingjan T, Futerman AH. The fine-tuning of cell membrane lipid bilayers accentuates their compositional complexity. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100021. [PMID: 33656770 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes are now emerging as finely tuned molecular systems, signifying that re-evaluation of our understanding of their structure is essential. Although the idea that cell membrane lipid bilayers do little more than give shape and form to cells and limit diffusion between cells and their environment is totally passé, the structural, compositional, and functional complexity of lipid bilayers often catches cell and molecular biologists by surprise. Models of lipid bilayer structure have developed considerably since the heyday of the fluid mosaic model, principally by the discovery of the restricted diffusion of membrane proteins and lipids within the plane of the bilayer. In reviewing this field, we now suggest that further refinement of current models is necessary and propose that describing lipid bilayers as "finely-tuned molecular assemblies" best portrays their complexity and function. Also see the video abstract here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddkP-QRZTl8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamir Dingjan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yang H, Sun Y, Wang H, Zhao T, Xu X, Jiang J, Li J. Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of the ERF2 gene family in response to disease resistance against Stemphylium lycopersici in tomato. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:72. [PMID: 33530947 PMCID: PMC7856819 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factors are a plant-specific family of transcription factors and one of the largest families of transcription factors. Ethylene response factors (ERF) regulate plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stress. In a previous study, the ERF2 gene was significantly upregulated in both resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars in response to Stemphylium lycopersici. The main purpose of this study was to systematically analyze the ERF family and to explore the mechanism of ERF2 in tomato plants resisting pathogen infection by the Virus-induced Gene Silencing technique. RESULTS In this experiment, 134 ERF genes were explored and subjected to bioinformatic analysis and divided into twelve groups. The spatiotemporal expression characteristics of ERF transcription factor gene family in tomato were diverse. Combined with RNA-seq, we found that the expression of 18 ERF transcription factors increased after inoculation with S. lycopersici. In ERF2-silenced plants, the susceptible phenotype was observed after inoculation with S. lycopersici. The hypersensitive response and ROS production were decreased in the ERF2-silenced plants. Physiological analyses showed that the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities were lower in ERF2-silenced plants than in control plants, and the SA and JA contents were lower in ERF2-silenced plants than in control plants after inoculation with S. lycopersici. Furthermore, the results indicated that ERF2 may directly or indirectly regulate Pto, PR1b1 and PR-P2 expression and enhance tomato resistance. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified and analyzed members of the tomato ERF family by bioinformatics methods and classified, described and analyzed these genes. Subsequently, we used VIGS technology to significantly reduce the expression of ERF2 in tomatoes. The results showed that ERF2 had a positive effect on tomato resistance to S. lycopersici. Interestingly, ERF2 played a key role in multiple SA, JA and ROS signaling pathways to confer resistance to invasion by S. lycopersici. In addition, ERF2 may directly or indirectly regulate Pto, PR1b1 and PR-P2 expression and enhance tomato resistance to S. lycopersici. In summary, this study provides gene resources for breeding for disease resistance in tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Yang
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Yaoguang Sun
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Hexuan Wang
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Jingbin Jiang
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Jingfu Li
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wei X, Vrieling K, Kim HK, Mulder PPJ, Klinkhamer PGL. Application of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid lead to contrasting effects on the plant's metabolome and herbivory. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110784. [PMID: 33487359 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone applications are used to mimic herbivory and can induce plant defences. This study investigated (i) metabolomic changes in leaf tissues of Jacobaea vulgaris and J. aquatica after methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) applications and (ii) the effects on a leaf-chewing, a leaf-mining and a piercing-sucking herbivore. MeJA treated leaves showed clearly different metabolomic profiles than control leaves, while the differences in metabolomic profiles between SA treated leaves and control leaves were less clear. More NMR peaks increased than decreased after MeJA treatment while this pattern was reversed after SA treatment. The leaf-chewing (Mamestra brassicae) and the leaf-mining herbivores (Liriomyza trifolii) fed less on MeJA-treated leaves compared to control and SA-treated leaves while they fed equally on the latter two. In J. aquatica but not in J. vulgaris, SA treatment reduced feeding damage by the piercing-sucking herbivore (Frankliniella occidentalis). Based on the herbivory and metabolomic data after phytohormone application, we made speculations as follows: For all three herbivore species, plants with high levels of threonine and citric acid showed less herbivory while plants with high levels of glucose showed more herbivory. Herbivory by thrips was lower on plants with high levels of alanine while it was higher on plants with high levels of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. The plant compounds that related to feeding of piercing-sucking herbivore were further verified with previous independent experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianqin Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China; Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, P. O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Klaas Vrieling
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, P. O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hye Kyong Kim
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, P. O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick P J Mulder
- RIKILT-Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter G L Klinkhamer
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, P. O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dwivedi V, Rao S, Bomzan DP, Kumar SR, Shanmugam PV, Olsson SB, Nagegowda DA. Functional characterization of a defense-responsive bulnesol/elemol synthase from potato. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:7-21. [PMID: 32880963 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthases (TPSs) produce a variety of terpenoids that play numerous functional roles in primary and secondary metabolism, as well as in ecological interactions. Here, we report the functional characterization of an inducible potato TPS gene encoding bulnesol/elemol synthase (StBUS/ELS). The expression of StBUS/ELS in potato leaves was significantly induced in response to both bacterial (Pseudomonas syringae) and fungal (Alternaria solani) infection as well as methyl jasmonate treatment, indicating its role in defense. The leaves exhibited the highest StBUS/ELS expression followed by the stem with least and similar expression in tuber, sprout and root. Recombinant StBUS/ELS catalyzed the formation of different sesquiterpenes by utilizing farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, and the monoterpene geraniol from geranyl diphosphate. Among the sesquiterpenes formed by StBUS/ELS, elemol was the predominant product followed by α-bulnesene, bulnesol and β-elemene. Further gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of StBUS/ELS assay products at different injection temperatures revealed elemol and bulnesol as the major products at 275 and 200/150°C, respectively, without much change in the levels of minor products. This indicated thermal rearrangement of bulnesol into elemol at higher temperatures. Transient overexpression of StBUS/ELS in potato leaves conferred tolerance against the growth of bacteria P. syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum, and the fungus A. solani. Further, expression analysis of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in StBUS/ELS overexpressing leaves showed no significant change in comparison to control, indicating a direct involvement of StBUS/ELS enzymatic products against pathogens. Overall, our study suggested that StBUS/ELS is a pathogen-inducible TPS encoding bulnesol/elemol synthase and could provide a direct role in defense against biotic stress in potato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Dwivedi
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Srinivas Rao
- Naturalist-Inspired Chemical Ecology, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Dikki P Bomzan
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Sarma R Kumar
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Pragadheesh V Shanmugam
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Shannon B Olsson
- Naturalist-Inspired Chemical Ecology, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Puentes A, Zhao T, Lundborg L, Björklund N, Borg-Karlson AK. Variation in Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Defense Among Norway Spruce Clones and Trade-Offs in Resistance Against a Fungal and an Insect Pest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:678959. [PMID: 34108985 PMCID: PMC8182065 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.678959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An essential component of plant defense is the change that occurs from a constitutive to an induced state following damage or infection. Exogenous application of the plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has shown great potential to be used as a defense inducer prior to pest exposure, and could be used as a plant protection measure. Here, we examined (1) the importance of MeJA-mediated induction for Norway spruce (Picea abies) resistance against damage by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis, which poses a threat to seedling survival, and infection by the spruce bark beetle-associated blue-stain fungus Endoconidiophora polonica, (2) genotypic variation in MeJA-induced defense (terpene chemistry), and (3) correlations among resistance to each pest. In a semi-field experiment, we exposed rooted-cuttings from nine different Norway spruce clones to insect damage and fungal infection separately. Plants were treated with 0, 25, or 50 mM MeJA, and planted in blocks where only pine weevils were released, or in a separate block in which plants were fungus-inoculated or not (control group). As measures of resistance, stem area debarked and fungal lesion lengths were assessed, and as a measure of defensive capacity, terpene chemistry was examined. We found that MeJA treatment increased resistance to H. abietis and E. polonica, but effects varied with clone. Norway spruce clones that exhibited high constitutive resistance did not show large changes in area debarked or lesion length when MeJA-treated, and vice versa. Moreover, insect damage negatively correlated with fungal infection. Clones receiving little pine weevil damage experienced larger lesion lengths, and vice versa, both in the constitutive and induced states. Changes in absolute terpene concentrations occurred with MeJA treatment (but not on proportional terpene concentrations), however, variation in chemistry was mostly explained by differences between clones. We conclude that MeJA can enhance protection against H. abietis and E. polonica, but the extent of protection will depend on the importance of constitutive and induced resistance for the Norway spruce clone in question. Trade-offs among resistances do not necessarily hinder the use of MeJA, as clones that are constitutively more resistant to either pest, should show greater MeJA-induced resistance against the other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Puentes
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Adriana Puentes, ;
| | - Tao Zhao
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lina Lundborg
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Björklund
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chifetete VW, Dames JF. Mycorrhizal Interventions for Sustainable Potato Production in Africa. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.593053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important tuber crop with high dietary value that could potentially help to alleviate malnutrition and hunger in Africa. However, production is expensive, with high fertilizer and pesticide demands that lead to environmental pollution, and tillage practices that negatively affect soil structure. Microorganisms of different types have increasingly been found to be useful as biofertilizers, and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are an important crop symbiont. AM fungi have been shown to increase tolerance of crop plants to drought, salinity and disease by facilitating water and nutrient acquisition and by improving overall soil structure. However, the establishment and maintenance of the symbioses are greatly affected by agricultural practices. Here, we review the benefits that AM fungi confer in potato production, discuss the role and importance of mycorrhiza helper bacteria, and focus on how AM fungal diversity and abundance can be affected by conventional agricultural practices, such as those used in potato production. We suggest approaches for maintaining AM fungal abundance in potato production by highlighting the potential of conservation tillage practices augmented with cover crops and crop rotations. An approach that balances weed control, nutrient provision, and AM fungal helper bacterial populations, whilst promoting functional AM fungal populations for varying potato genotypes, will stimulate efficient mycorrhizal interventions.
Collapse
|
44
|
Clancy MV, Haberer G, Jud W, Niederbacher B, Niederbacher S, Senft M, Zytynska SE, Weisser WW, Schnitzler JP. Under fire-simultaneous volatilome and transcriptome analysis unravels fine-scale responses of tansy chemotypes to dual herbivore attack. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:551. [PMID: 33297957 PMCID: PMC7724791 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tansy plants (Tanacetum vulgare L.) are known for their high intraspecific chemical variation, especially of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the terpenoid compound group. These VOCs are closely involved in plant-insect interactions and, when profiled, can be used to classify plants into groups known as chemotypes. Tansy chemotypes have been shown to influence plant-aphid interactions, however, to date no information is available on the response of different tansy chemotypes to simultaneous herbivory by more than one insect species. RESULTS Using a multi-cuvette system, we investigated the responses of five tansy chemotypes to feeding by sucking and/or chewing herbivores (aphids and caterpillars; Metopeurum fuscoviride Stroyan and Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval). Herbivory by caterpillars following aphid infestation led to a plant chemotype-specific change in the patterns of terpenoids stored in trichome hairs and in VOC emissions. The transcriptomic analysis of a plant chemotype represents the first de novo assembly of a transcriptome in tansy and demonstrates priming effects of aphids on a subsequent herbivory. Overall, we show that the five chemotypes do not react in the same way to the two herbivores. As expected, we found that caterpillar feeding increased VOC emissions, however, a priori aphid infestation only led to a further increase in VOC emissions for some chemotypes. CONCLUSIONS We were able to show that different chemotypes respond to the double herbivore attack in different ways, and that pre-treatment with aphids had a priming effect on plants when they were subsequently exposed to a chewing herbivore. If neighbouring chemotypes in a field population react differently to herbivory/dual herbivory, this could possibly have effects from the individual level to the group level. Individuals of some chemotypes may respond more efficiently to herbivory stress than others, and in a group environment these "louder" chemotypes may affect the local insect community, including the natural enemies of herbivores, and other neighbouring plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary V Clancy
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Haberer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Werner Jud
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bishu Niederbacher
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Niederbacher
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Senft
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Sharon E Zytynska
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Ecology, University of Liverpool, Evolution and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Huang J, Shen L, Yang S, Guan D, He S. CaASR1 promotes salicylic acid- but represses jasmonic acid-dependent signaling to enhance the resistance of Capsicum annuum to bacterial wilt by modulating CabZIP63. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6538-6554. [PMID: 32720981 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
CabZIP63 acts positively in the resistance of pepper (Capsicum annuum) to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum or tolerance to high-temperature/high-humidity stress, but it is unclear how CabZIP63 achieves its functional specificity against R. solanacearum. Here, CaASR1, an abscisic acid-, stress-, and ripening-inducible protein of C. annuum, was functionally characterized in modulating the functional specificity of CabZIP63 during the defense response of pepper to R. solanacearum. In pepper plants inoculated with R. solanacearum, CaASR1 was up-regulated before 24 h post-inoculation but down-regulated thereafter, and was down-regulated by high-temperature/high-humidity stress. Data from gene silencing and transient overexpression experiments indicated that CaASR1 acts as a positive regulator in the immunity of pepper against R. solanacearum and a negative regulator of thermotolerance. Pull-down combined with mass spectrometry revealed that CaASR1 interacted with CabZIP63 upon R. solanacearum infection; the interaction was confirmed by microscale thermophoresis and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays.CaASR1 silencing upon R. solanacearum inoculation repressed CabZIP63-mediated transcription from the promoters of the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent CaPR1 and CaNPR1, but derepressed transcription of CaHSP24 and the jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent CaDEF1. Our findings suggest that CaASR1 acts as a positive regulator of the defense response of pepper to R. solanacearum by interacting with CabZIP63, enabling it to promote SA-dependent but repress JA-dependent immunity and thermotolerance during the early stages of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Deyi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuilin He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rigsby CM, Kinahan IG, May A, Kostka A, Houseman N, Savage SK, Whitney ER, Preisser EL. Impact of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Infestation on the Jasmonic Acid-Elicited Defenses of Tsuga canadensis (Pinales: Pinaceae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:1226-1231. [PMID: 33068115 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hemlock woolly adelgid is an invasive piercing-sucking insect in eastern North America, which upon infestation of its main host, eastern hemlock ('hemlock'), improves attraction and performance of folivorous insects on hemlock. This increased performance may be mediated by hemlock woolly adelgid feeding causing antagonism between the the jasmonic acid and other hormone pathways. In a common garden experiments using hemlock woolly adelgid infestation and induction with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and measures of secondary metabolite contents and defense-associated enzyme activities, we explored the impact of hemlock woolly adelgid feeding on the local and systemic induction of jasmonic acid (JA)-elicited defenses. We found that in local tissue hemlock woolly adelgid or MeJA exposure resulted in unique induced phenotypes, whereas the combined treatment resulted in an induced phenotype that was a mixture of the two individual treatments. We also found that if the plant was infested with hemlock woolly adelgid, the systemic response of the plant was dominated by hemlock woolly adelgid, regardless of whether MeJA was applied. Interestingly, in the absence of hemlock woolly adelgid, hemlock plants had a very weak systemic response to MeJA. We conclude that hemlock woolly adelgid infestation prevents systemic induction of JA-elicited defenses. Taken together, compromised local JA-elicited defenses combined with weak systemic induction could be major contributors to increased folivore performance on hemlock woolly adelgid-infested hemlock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Rigsby
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Ian G Kinahan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Amelia May
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Amy Kostka
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Nick Houseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Suzanne K Savage
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Elizabeth R Whitney
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Evan L Preisser
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Brouwer SM, Odilbekov F, Burra DD, Lenman M, Hedley PE, Grenville-Briggs L, Alexandersson E, Liljeroth E, Andreasson E. Intact salicylic acid signalling is required for potato defence against the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1-19. [PMID: 32562056 PMCID: PMC7417411 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Using disease bioassays and transcriptomic analysis we show that intact SA-signalling is required for potato defences against the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Alternaria solani. ABSTRACT Early blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani, is an increasing problem in potato cultivation. Studies of the molecular components defining defence responses to A. solani in potato are limited. Here, we investigate plant defence signalling with a focus on salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways in response to A. solani. Our bioassays revealed that SA is necessary to restrict pathogen growth and early blight symptom development in both potato foliage and tubers. This result is in contrast to the documented minimal role of SA in resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana against necrotrophic pathogens. We also present transcriptomic analysis with 36 arrays of A. solani inoculated SA-deficient, JA-insensitive, and wild type plant lines. A greater number of genes are differentially expressed in the SA-deficient mutant plant line compared to the wild type and JA- insensitive line. In wild type plants, genes encoding metal ion transporters, such as copper, iron and zinc transporters were upregulated and transferase-encoding genes, for example UDP-glucoronosyltransferase and Serine-glyoxylate transferase, were downregulated. The SA-deficient plants show upregulation of genes enriched in GO terms related to oxidoreductase activity, respiratory chain and other mitochondrial-related processes. Pathogenesis-related genes, such as genes encoding chitinases and PR1, are upregulated in both the SA-deficient and wild type plants, but not in the JA-insensitive mutants. The combination of our bioassays and the transcriptomic analysis indicate that intact SA signalling, and not JA signalling, is required for potato defences against the necrotrophic pathogen A. solani. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (10.1007/s11103-020-01019-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M Brouwer
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish Agricultural University, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Firuz Odilbekov
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish Agricultural University, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Dharani Dhar Burra
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish Agricultural University, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Marit Lenman
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish Agricultural University, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Pete E Hedley
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Genome Technology, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Erik Alexandersson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish Agricultural University, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Erland Liljeroth
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish Agricultural University, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Erik Andreasson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish Agricultural University, Alnarp, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yang H, Shen F, Wang H, Zhao T, Zhang H, Jiang J, Xu X, Li J. Functional analysis of the SlERF01 gene in disease resistance to S. lycopersici. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:376. [PMID: 32799800 PMCID: PMC7429758 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02588-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato gray leaf spot caused by Stemphylium lycopersici (S. lycopersici) is a serious disease that can severely hinder tomato production. To date, only Sm has been reported to provide resistance against this disease, and the molecular mechanism underlying resistance to this disease in tomato remains unclear. To better understand the mechanism of tomato resistance to S. lycopersici, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)-based analysis, physiological indexes, microscopy observations and transgenic technology were used in this study. RESULTS Our results showed that the expression of SlERF01 was strongly induced by S. lycopersici and by exogenous applications of the hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Furthermore, overexpression of SlERF01 enhanced the hypersensitive response (HR) to S. lycopersici and elevated the expression of defense genes in tomato. Furthermore, the accumulation of lignin, callose and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased in the transgenic lines after inoculation with S. lycopersici. Taken together, our results showed that SlERF01 played an indispensable role in multiple SA, JA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways to provide resistance to S. lycopersici invasion. Our findings also indicated that SlERF01 could activate the expression of the PR1 gene and enhance resistance to S. lycopersici. CONCLUSIONS We identified the SlERF01 gene, which encodes a novel tomato AP2/ERF transcription factor (TF). Functional analysis revealed that SlERF01 positively regulates tomato resistance to S. lycopersici. Our findings indicate that SlERF01 plays a key role in multiple SA, JA and ROS signaling pathways to provide resistance to invasion by S. lycopersici. The findings of this study not only help to better understand the mechanisms of response to pathogens but also enable targeted breeding strategies for tomato resistance to S. lycopersici.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Fengyi Shen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hexuan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingbin Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Jingfu Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hosseinifarahi M, Jamshidi E, Amiri S, Kamyab F, Radi M. Quality, phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and the degradation kinetic of some quality parameters in strawberry fruit coated with salicylic acid and Aloe veragel. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hosseinifarahi
- Department of Horticultural Science Yasooj Branch Islamic Azad University Yasooj Iran
| | - Ehsan Jamshidi
- Department of Food Science Yasooj Branch Islamic Azad University Yasooj Iran
| | - Sedigheh Amiri
- Department of Food Science Yasooj Branch Islamic Azad University Yasooj Iran
| | - Freshteh Kamyab
- Department of Horticultural Science Rafsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University Rafsanjan Iran
| | - Mohsen Radi
- Department of Food Science Yasooj Branch Islamic Azad University Yasooj Iran
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Calf OW, Lortzing T, Weinhold A, Poeschl Y, Peters JL, Huber H, Steppuhn A, van Dam NM. Slug Feeding Triggers Dynamic Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Responses Leading to Induced Resistance in Solanum dulcamara. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:803. [PMID: 32625224 PMCID: PMC7314995 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Induced plant responses to insect herbivores are well studied, but we know very little about responses to gastropod feeding. We aim to identify the temporal dynamics of signaling- and defense-related plant responses after slug feeding in relation to induced resistance. We exposed Solanum dulcamara plants to feeding by the gray field slug (GFS; Deroceras reticulatum) for different periods and tested disks of local and systemic leaves in preference assays. Induced responses were analyzed using metabolomics and transcriptomics. GFS feeding induced local and systemic responses. Slug feeding for 72 h more strongly affected the plant metabolome than 24 h feeding. It increased the levels of a glycoalkaloid (solasonine), phenolamides, anthocyanins, and trypsin protease inhibitors as well as polyphenol oxidase activity. Phytohormone and transcriptome analyses revealed that jasmonic acid, abscisic acid and salicylic acid signaling were activated. GFS feeding upregulated more genes than that it downregulated. The response directly after feeding was more than five times higher than after an additional 24 h without feeding. Our research showed that GFS, like most chewing insects, triggers anti-herbivore defenses by activating defense signaling pathways, resulting in increased resistance to further slug feeding. Slug herbivory may therefore impact other herbivores in the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onno W. Calf
- Department of Molecular Interaction Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tobias Lortzing
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Biology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular Botany, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Yvonne Poeschl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Janny L. Peters
- Department of Plant Systems Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Heidrun Huber
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anke Steppuhn
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Biology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular Botany, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- Department of Molecular Interaction Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|