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Siejka A, Lawnicka H, Fakir S, Barabutis N. Growth hormone - releasing hormone in the immune system. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024:10.1007/s11154-024-09913-w. [PMID: 39370499 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09913-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
GHRH is a neuropeptide associated with a diverse variety of activities in human physiology and immune responses. The present study reviews the latest information on the involvement of GHRH in the immune system and inflammation, suggesting that GHRH antagonists may deliver a new therapeutic possibility in disorders related to immune system dysfunction and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Siejka
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Hanna Lawnicka
- Department of Immunoendocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Saikat Fakir
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, 71201, USA
| | - Nektarios Barabutis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, 71201, USA
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2
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Justiz-Vaillant AA, Gopaul D, Soodeen S, Arozarena-Fundora R, Barbosa OA, Unakal C, Thompson R, Pandit B, Umakanthan S, Akpaka PE. Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Molecules Involved in Its Imunopathogenesis, Clinical Features, and Treatment. Molecules 2024; 29:747. [PMID: 38398500 PMCID: PMC10892692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an idiopathic chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any organ in the body, including the neurological system. Multiple factors, such as environmental (infections), genetic (many HLA alleles including DR2 and DR3, and genes including C4), and immunological influences on self-antigens, such as nuclear antigens, lead to the formation of multiple autoantibodies that cause deleterious damage to bodily tissues and organs. The production of autoantibodies, such as anti-dsDNA, anti-SS(A), anti-SS(B), anti-Smith, and anti-neuronal DNA are characteristic features of this disease. This autoimmune disease results from a failure of the mechanisms responsible for maintaining self-tolerance in T cells, B cells, or both. Immune complexes, circulating antibodies, cytokines, and autoreactive T lymphocytes are responsible for tissue injury in this autoimmune disease. The diagnosis of SLE is a rheumatological challenge despite the availability of clinical criteria. NPSLE was previously referred to as lupus cerebritis or lupus sclerosis. However, these terms are no longer recommended because there is no definitive pathological cause for the neuropsychiatric manifestations of SLE. Currently, the treatment options are primarily based on symptomatic presentations. These include the use of antipsychotics, antidepressants, and anxiolytic medications for the treatment of psychiatric and mood disorders. Antiepileptic drugs to treat seizures, and immunosuppressants (e.g., corticosteroids, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil), are directed against inflammatory responses along with non-pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel A. Justiz-Vaillant
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 00000, Trinidad and Tobago; (S.S.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (B.P.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Darren Gopaul
- Port of Spain General Hospital, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 00000, Trinidad and Tobago;
| | - Sachin Soodeen
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 00000, Trinidad and Tobago; (S.S.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (B.P.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Rodolfo Arozarena-Fundora
- Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champs Fleurs, San Juan 00000, Trinidad and Tobago; (R.A.-F.); (O.A.B.)
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 00000, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Odette Arozarena Barbosa
- Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champs Fleurs, San Juan 00000, Trinidad and Tobago; (R.A.-F.); (O.A.B.)
| | - Chandrashehkar Unakal
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 00000, Trinidad and Tobago; (S.S.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (B.P.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Reinand Thompson
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 00000, Trinidad and Tobago; (S.S.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (B.P.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Bijay Pandit
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 00000, Trinidad and Tobago; (S.S.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (B.P.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Srikanth Umakanthan
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 00000, Trinidad and Tobago; (S.S.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (B.P.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Patrick E. Akpaka
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 00000, Trinidad and Tobago; (S.S.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (B.P.); (P.E.A.)
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3
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Lecaudey LA, Netzer R, Wibberg D, Busche T, Bloecher N. Metatranscriptome analysis reveals the putative venom toxin repertoire of the biofouling hydroid Ectopleura larynx. Toxicon 2024; 237:107556. [PMID: 38072317 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Cnidarians thriving in biofouling communities on aquaculture net pens represent a significant health risk for farmed finfish due to their stinging cells. The toxins coming into contact with the fish, during net cleaning, can adversely affect their behavior, welfare, and survival, with a particularly serious health risk for the gills, causing direct tissue damage such as formation of thrombi and increasing risks of secondary infections. The hydroid Ectopleura larynx is one of the most common fouling organisms in Northern Europe. However, despite its significant economic, environmental, and operational impact on finfish aquaculture, biological information on this species is scarce and its venom composition has never been investigated. In this study, we generated a whole transcriptome of E. larynx, and identified its putative expressed venom toxin proteins (predicted toxin proteins, not functionally characterized) based on in silico transcriptome annotation mining and protein sequence analysis. The results uncovered a broad and diverse repertoire of putative toxin proteins for this hydroid species. Its toxic arsenal appears to include a wide and complex selection of toxin proteins, covering a large panel of potential biological functions that play important roles in envenomation. The putative toxins identified in this species, such as neurotoxins, GTPase toxins, metalloprotease toxins, ion channel impairing toxins, hemorrhagic toxins, serine protease toxins, phospholipase toxins, pore-forming toxins, and multifunction toxins may cause various major deleterious effects in prey, predators, and competitors. These results provide valuable new insights into the venom composition of cnidarians, and venomous marine organisms in general, and offer new opportunities for further research into novel and valuable bioactive molecules for medicine, agronomics and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Netzer
- SINTEF Ocean, Aquaculture Department, Brattørkaia 17c, 7010, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Busche
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany; Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 1, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nina Bloecher
- SINTEF Ocean, Aquaculture Department, Brattørkaia 17c, 7010, Trondheim, Norway
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Uddin N, Acter T, Rashid MH, Chowdhury AI, Jahan EA. Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic by strengthening immunity as a nonpharmaceutical intervention: A major public health challenge. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1562. [PMID: 37720166 PMCID: PMC10500053 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The global Coronavirus-2 outbreak has emerged as a significant threat to majority of individuals around the world. The most effective solution for addressing this viral outbreak is through vaccination. Simultaneously, the virus's mutation capabilities pose a potential risk to the effectiveness of both vaccines and, in certain instances, newly developed drugs. Conversely, the human body's immune system exhibits a robust ability to combat viral outbreaks with substantial confidence, as evidenced by the ratio of fatalities to affected individuals worldwide. Hence, an alternative strategy to mitigate this pandemic could involve enhancing the immune system's resilience. Methods The research objective of the review is to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the role of inflammation and immunity in COVID-19. The pertinent literature concerning immune system functions, the impact of inflammation against viruses like SARS-CoV-2, and the connection between nutritional interventions, inflammation, and immunity was systematically explored. Results Enhancing immune function involves mitigating the impact of key factors that negatively influence the immune response. Strengthening the immune system against emerging diseases can be achieved through nonpharmaceutical measures such as maintaining a balanced nutrition, engaging in regular exercise, ensuring adequate sleep, and managing stress. Conclusion This review aims to convey the significance of and provide recommendations for immune-strengthening strategies amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizam Uddin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health ScienceDaffodil International UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Thamina Acter
- Department of Mathematical and Physical SciencesEast West UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Harun‐Ar Rashid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health ScienceDaffodil International UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Akibul Islam Chowdhury
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health ScienceDaffodil International UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Effat Ara Jahan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health ScienceDaffodil International UniversityDhakaBangladesh
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5
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Rodari G, Guez S, Salera S, Ulivieri FM, Tadini G, Brena M, Profka E, Giacchetti F, Arosio M, Giavoli C. A single-centre study on predictors and determinants of pubertal delay and growth impairment in Epidermolysis Bullosa. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274072. [PMID: 36067143 PMCID: PMC9447886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Delayed puberty is a possible complication of Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB), though the actual incidence is still unknown. In chronic illnesses delayed puberty should be correctly managed since, if untreated, can have detrimental effects on adult height attainment, peak bone mass achievement and psychological health.
Aims and methods
This is a single-centre study on pubertal development, growth and bone status in EB. Auxological, densitometric (areal Bone Mineral Density-aBMD Z-score, Bone Mineral Apparent Density-BMAD Z-score, Trabecular Bone Score-TBS and Bone Strain Index-BSI at Lumbar spine) and body composition data (Total Body DXA scans) were collected. Disease severity was defined according to Birmingham Epidermolysis Bullosa Severity (BEBS) score.
Results
Twenty-one patients (12 Recessive Dystrophic EB-RDEB, 3 Dominant Dystrophic EB, 3 Junctional EB-JEB, 2 EB Simplex and one Kindler EB) aged 13 years (females) or 14 years (males) and above were enrolled (age 16.2±2.5 years, M/F 11/10). Short stature was highly prevalent (57%, mean height -2.12±2.05 SDS) with 55% patients with height <-2SD their mid-parental height. 7/21 patients (33%, 6 RDEB and 1 JEB) had delayed puberty with a median BEBS of 50 (range 29 to 63), a height SDS of -2.59 SDS (range -5.95 to -2.22) and a median lumbar BMAD Z-score of -4.0 SDS (range -5.42 to -0.63 SDS). Pubertal status was negatively associated with BEBS, skin involvement, inflammatory state and positively with height SDS and BMI SDS.
Conclusions
Pubertal delay is highly prevalent in EB, especially in patients with RDEB and JEB, high severity score and inflammatory state. Moreover, pubertal delay worsens growth impairment and bone health. A study on pubertal induction is ongoing to enlighten possible beneficial effects on adult height attainment and peak bone mass accrual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rodari
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrinology Unit, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Sophie Guez
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Salera
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Massimo Ulivieri
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, Casa di Cura La Madonnina, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tadini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Dermatology, Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Brena
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Dermatology, Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Eriselda Profka
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrinology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Giacchetti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrinology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Arosio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrinology Unit, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Giavoli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrinology Unit, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan, Italy
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6
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Craig CF, Filippone RT, Stavely R, Bornstein JC, Apostolopoulos V, Nurgali K. Neuroinflammation as an etiological trigger for depression comorbid with inflammatory bowel disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:4. [PMID: 34983592 PMCID: PMC8729103 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suffer from depression at higher rates than the general population. An etiological trigger of depressive symptoms is theorised to be inflammation within the central nervous system. It is believed that heightened intestinal inflammation and dysfunction of the enteric nervous system (ENS) contribute to impaired intestinal permeability, which facilitates the translocation of intestinal enterotoxins into the blood circulation. Consequently, these may compromise the immunological and physiological functioning of distant non-intestinal tissues such as the brain. In vivo models of colitis provide evidence of increased blood–brain barrier permeability and enhanced central nervous system (CNS) immune activity triggered by intestinal enterotoxins and blood-borne inflammatory mediators. Understanding the immunological, physiological, and structural changes associated with IBD and neuroinflammation may aid in the development of more tailored and suitable pharmaceutical treatment for IBD-associated depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin F Craig
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhiannon T Filippone
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Immunology Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Level 4 Research Labs, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia.
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7
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Psychological Stress and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Patients with Plaque Psoriasis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111069. [PMID: 34834421 PMCID: PMC8621977 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress has long been recognized as a trigger for plaque psoriasis, and preliminary evidence suggests that psoriasis could be associated with alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in impaired cortisol response to stress. This study aimed to investigate psychological stress, anxiety, depression and salivary cortisol in psoriatic patients. A cross sectional study involving 126 adult patients with plaque psoriasis and 116 adult healthy controls was conducted. Demographic, clinical data, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were collected. Cases and controls were asked whether they felt stressed in the last month, whilst psoriatic patients were also interrogated whether they found that psoriasis could have been worsened by stress. Moreover, 54 randomly selected subjects (27 psoriasis patients and 27 controls) underwent salivary cortisol testing at 8 am. PSS, HADS depression and anxiety subscales were significantly higher in psoriatic patients than in controls (17.2 ± 0.6 vs. 15.1 ± 0.8 p = 0.0289), (9.5 ± 0.3 vs. 6.2 ± 0.3 p < 0.001) and (8.2 ± 0.4 vs. 4.2 ± 0.3 p < 0.001), respectively. A higher rate of psoriatic patients reported feeling stress over the last month (45% vs. 19%, p < 0.001), and stress was considered a potential trigger for psoriasis flare-ups in 69% of cases. Psoriasis was strongly associated with higher PSS and HADS scores independently of sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and occupational status. Salivary cortisol was significantly lower in psoriatic patients compared to controls (9.6 ± 0.5 vs. 14.0 ± 1.1 nmol/L, p < 0.001). In conclusion, psoriasis was associated with higher psychological stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and with impaired cortisol response to stress.
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8
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Dzhalilova D, Kosyreva A, Vishnyakova P, Zolotova N, Tsvetkov I, Mkhitarov V, Mikhailova L, Kakturskiy L, Makarova O. Age-related differences in hypoxia-associated genes and cytokine profile in male Wistar rats. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08085. [PMID: 34632150 PMCID: PMC8488852 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia tolerance of the organism depends on many factors, including age. High newborn organisms tolerance and high level of oxidative stress throughout aging were demonstrated by many studies. However, there is lack of investigations reflecting the expression of key hypoxia-inducible factor HIF in different age organisms in correlation to levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Liver is a sensitive to hypoxia organ, and is an important organ in providing an acute reaction to infections – it synthesizes acute inflammation phase proteins, in particular, C-reactive protein. The aim of study was to determine relationship between age-related tolerance to hypoxia and HIF-1 and PHD2 (prolyl hydroxylase domain protein) expression levels in the liver and the production of cytokines in the spleen in newborn, prepubertal and adult Wistar rats. Newborn rats are characterized by high mRNA Hif-1α expression level in the liver, accompanied by a low content of HIF-1 protein and high level of PHD2. The growth in HIF-1α protein level throughout age is accompanied by the growth of pro-inflammatory cytokines level. Prepubertal animals are the least hypoxia resistant and their HIF-1α mRNA expression level was higher than in adult animals. The PHD2 activity in prepubertal animals was significantly reduced in comparison to newborn rats, and the HIF-1α protein level did not change. Further studies require the identification of additional mechanisms, determining the regulation of the HIF-1α level in prepubertal animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzhuliia Dzhalilova
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Institution Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupa st., 3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Kosyreva
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Institution Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupa st., 3, Moscow, Russia.,Histology Department, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Vishnyakova
- Histology Department, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, Moscow, Russia.,National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Oparina st., 4, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Zolotova
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Institution Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupa st., 3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Tsvetkov
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Institution Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupa st., 3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Mkhitarov
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Institution Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupa st., 3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liliya Mikhailova
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Institution Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupa st., 3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lev Kakturskiy
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Institution Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupa st., 3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Makarova
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Institution Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupa st., 3, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Chen Z, Schwulst SJ, Mentis AFA. APOE4-mediated Alzheimer disease and "Vascular"-"Meningeal Lymphatic" components: towards a novel therapeutic era? Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5472-5474. [PMID: 34376823 PMCID: PMC8354095 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional graphic design representation of the potential role of meningeal vessels in Alzheimer disease. Although there are major differences between APOE4(+) and APOE4(−) Alzheimer disease cases (described in detail in the Comment article by Mentis and colleagues), the figure depicts the clearance of macromolecules and other solutes from meningeal lymphatic vessels. Cover image: Ella Maru Studio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangying Chen
- Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven J Schwulst
- Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexios-Fotios A Mentis
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, Athens, Greece.
- UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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10
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The self in context: brain systems linking mental and physical health. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:309-322. [PMID: 33790441 PMCID: PMC8447265 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that mental health and physical health are linked by neural systems that jointly regulate somatic physiology and high-level cognition. Key systems include the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the related default-mode network. These systems help to construct models of the 'self-in-context', compressing information across time and sensory modalities into conceptions of the underlying causes of experience. Self-in-context models endow events with personal meaning and allow predictive control over behaviour and peripheral physiology, including autonomic, neuroendocrine and immune function. They guide learning from experience and the formation of narratives about the self and one's world. Disorders of mental and physical health, especially those with high co-occurrence and convergent alterations in the functionality of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the default-mode network, could benefit from interventions focused on understanding and shaping mindsets and beliefs about the self, illness and treatment.
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11
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Fried LP, Cohen AA, Xue QL, Walston J, Bandeen-Roche K, Varadhan R. The physical frailty syndrome as a transition from homeostatic symphony to cacophony. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:36-46. [PMID: 34476409 PMCID: PMC8409463 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-020-00017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Frailty in aging marks a state of decreased reserves resulting in increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes when exposed to stressors. This Perspective synthesizes the evidence on the aging-related pathophysiology underpinning the clinical presentation of physical frailty as a phenotype of a clinical syndrome that is distinct from the cumulative-deficit-based frailty index. We focus on integrating the converging evidence on the conceptualization of physical frailty as a state, largely independent of chronic diseases, that emerges when the dysregulation of multiple interconnected physiological and biological systems crosses a threshold to critical dysfunction, severely compromising homeostasis. Our exegesis posits that the physiology underlying frailty is a critically dysregulated complex dynamical system. This conceptual framework implies that interventions such as physical activity that have multisystem effects are more promising to remedy frailty than interventions targeted at replenishing single systems. We then consider how this framework can drive future research to further understanding, prevention and treatment of frailty, which will likely preserve health and resilience in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda P. Fried
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan A. Cohen
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qian-Li Xue
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy Walston
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen Bandeen-Roche
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Karen Bandeen-Roche, Ravi Varadhan
| | - Ravi Varadhan
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Karen Bandeen-Roche, Ravi Varadhan
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12
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Owens AP. The Role of Heart Rate Variability in the Future of Remote Digital Biomarkers. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:582145. [PMID: 33281545 PMCID: PMC7691243 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.582145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) offers insights into humoral, neural and neurovisceral processes in health and disorders of brain, body and behavior but has yet to be fully potentiated in the digital age. Remote measurement technologies (RMTs), such as, smartphones, wearable sensors or home-based devices, can passively capture HRV as a nested parameter of neurovisceral integration and health during everyday life, providing insights across different contexts, such as activities of daily living, therapeutic interventions and behavioral tasks, to compliment ongoing clinical care. Many RMTs measure HRV, even consumer wearables and smartphones, which can be deployed as wearable sensors or digital cameras using photoplethysmography. RMTs that measure HRV provide the opportunity to identify digital biomarkers indicative of changes in health or disease status in disorders where neurovisceral processes are compromised. RMT-based HRV therefore has potential as an adjunct digital biomarker in neurovisceral digital phenotyping that can add continuously updated, objective and relevant data to existing clinical methodologies, aiding the evolution of current "diagnose and treat" care models to a more proactive and holistic approach that pairs established markers with advances in remote digital technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Owens
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse – Alzheimer’s Disease (RADAR-AD) Consortium, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Zhong B, Ma S, Wang DH. Knockout of TRPV1 Exacerbates Ischemia-reperfusion-induced Renal Inflammation and Injury in Obese Mice. In Vivo 2020; 34:2259-2268. [PMID: 32871748 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) has anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to investigate the role of TRPV1 in renal inflammatory responses and tissue injury following renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in diet-induced obese mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS TRPV1 knockout and wild type mice were fed a normal or western diet (WD) for 23 weeks and were then subjected to renal I/R injury. RESULTS TRPV1 knockout mice showed enhanced WD-induced renal macrophage infiltration and collagen deposition. Knocking out TRPV1 exacerbated renal I/R-induced increase of malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and NF-ĸB in obese mice. Similar results were observed in the expression of phosphorylated Smad1 and Smad2/3. Blockade of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors with CGRP8-37 worsened the I/R-induced renal inflammation and injury. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that preserving TRPV1 expression and function may prevent renal I/R injury in obesity likely through alleviating inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beihua Zhong
- Division of Nanomedicine and Molecular Intervention, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - Shuangtao Ma
- Division of Nanomedicine and Molecular Intervention, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - Donna H Wang
- Division of Nanomedicine and Molecular Intervention, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A. .,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A.,Cell & Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
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14
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Defolie C, Merkling T, Fichtel C. Patterns and variation in the mammal parasite-glucocorticoid relationship. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:74-93. [PMID: 31608587 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Parasites are ubiquitous and can strongly affect their hosts through mechanisms such as behavioural changes, increased energetic costs and/or immunomodulation. When parasites are detrimental to their hosts, they should act as physiological stressors and elicit the release of glucocorticoids. Alternatively, previously elevated glucocorticoid levels could facilitate parasite infection due to neuroimmunomodulation. However, results are equivocal, with studies showing either positive, negative or no relationship between parasite infection and glucocorticoid levels. Since factors such as parasite type, infection severity or host age and sex can influence the parasite-glucocorticoid relationship, we review the main mechanisms driving this relationship. We then perform a phylogenetic meta-analysis of 110 records from 65 studies in mammalian hosts from experimental and observational studies to quantify the general direction of this relationship and to identify ecological and methodological drivers of the observed variability. Our review produced equivocal results concerning the direction of the relationship, but there was stronger support for a positive relationship, although causality remained unclear. Mechanisms such as host manipulation for parasite survival, host response to infection, cumulative effects of multiple stressors, and neuro-immunomodulatory effects of glucocorticoids could explain the positive relationship. Our meta-analysis results revealed an overall positive relationship between glucocorticoids and parasitism among both experimental and observational studies. Because all experimental studies included were parasite manipulations, we conclude that parasites caused in general an increase in glucocorticoid levels. To obtain a better understanding of the directionality of this link, experimental manipulation of glucocorticoid levels is now required to assess the causal effects of high glucocorticoid levels on parasite infection. Neither parasite type, the method used to assess parasite infection nor phylogeny influenced the relationship, and there was no evidence for publication bias. Future studies should attempt to be as comprehensive as possible, including moderators potentially influencing the parasite-glucocorticoid relationship. We particularly emphasise the importance of testing hosts of a broad age range, concomitantly measuring sex hormone levels or at least reproductive status, and for observational studies, also considering food availability, host body condition and social stressors to obtain a better understanding of the parasite-glucocorticoid relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Defolie
- Sociobiology/Anthropology Department, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus "Primate Cognition", German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Merkling
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald-Stewart Building, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Claudia Fichtel
- Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus "Primate Cognition", German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Zhong B, Ma S, Wang DH. TRPV1 protects renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in diet-induced obese mice by enhancing CGRP release and increasing renal blood flow. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6505. [PMID: 30834186 PMCID: PMC6397633 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease. Using transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 knockout (TRPV1−/−) mice, we tested the hypothesis that TRPV1 protects against obesity-induced exacerbation of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods TRPV1−/− and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a chow or Western diet (WD) for 22–23 weeks. After that, mice were subjected to renal I/R injury, and renal cortical blood flow (CBF) and medullary blood flow (MBF) were measured. Results The Western diet significantly increased body weight and fasting blood glucose levels in both TRPV1−/− and WT mice. WD-induced impairment of glucose tolerance was worsened in TRPV1−/− mice compared with WT mice. WD intake prolonged the time required to reach peak reperfusion in the cortex and medulla (both P < 0.05), decreased the recovery rate of CBF (P < 0.05) and MBF (P < 0.05), and increased blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, and urinary 8-isoprostane levels after I/R in both mouse strains, with greater effects in TRPV1−/− mice (all P < 0.05). Renal I/R increased calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release in WT but not in TRPV1−/− mice, and WD attenuated CGRP release in WT mice. Moreover, blockade of CGRP receptors impaired renal regional blood flow and renal function in renal I/R injured WT mice. Conclusion These results indicate that TRPV1 plays a protective role in WD-induced exacerbation of renal I/R injury probably through enhancing CGRP release and increasing renal blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beihua Zhong
- Division of Nanomedicine and Molecular Intervention, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shuangtao Ma
- Division of Nanomedicine and Molecular Intervention, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Donna H Wang
- Division of Nanomedicine and Molecular Intervention, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Cell & Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Lemoine M, Pradeu T. Dissecting the Meanings of "Physiology" to Assess the Vitality of the Discipline. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 33:236-245. [PMID: 29873600 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00015.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maël Lemoine
- ImmunoConcept, UMR5164, CNRS & University of Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France
| | - Thomas Pradeu
- ImmunoConcept, UMR5164, CNRS & University of Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France
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17
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Kwon CW, Fried RG, Nousari Y, Ritchlin C, Tausk F. Psoriasis: Psychosomatic, somatopsychic, or both? Clin Dermatol 2018; 36:698-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Deepika A, Devi BI, Shukla D, Sathyaprabha TN, Christopher R, Ramesh SS. Neuroimmunology of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Study of Interdependency of Inflammatory Markers and Heart Rate Variability in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1124-1131. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Deepika
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences [NIMHANS], Bangalore, India
| | - Bhagavatula Indira Devi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences [NIMHANS], Bangalore, India
| | - Dhaval Shukla
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences [NIMHANS], Bangalore, India
| | - Talakad N. Sathyaprabha
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences [NIMHANS], Bangalore, India
| | - Rita Christopher
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences [NIMHANS], Bangalore, India
| | - Shruthi S. Ramesh
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences [NIMHANS], Bangalore, India
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19
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Enhancement of immune cytokines and splenic CD4+ T cells by electroacupuncture at ST36 acupoint of SD rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175568. [PMID: 28406959 PMCID: PMC5391063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture at the ST36 acupoint can enhance the body’s immune function. However, the mechanism for this enhancement has not been fully described. Our study was designed to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on the immune function of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a non-acupoint group (abdominal muscle acupuntured) and a ST36 acupoint group. Our results showed that successive electroacupuncture at the ST36 acupoint for 3 d significantly enhanced the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) level in the serum of SD rats. The results also showed that the serum and extracts from spleen cells of the ST36 acupoint group contained higher levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-17 compared to those of the other two groups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that electroacupuncture applied to the ST36 acupoint enhanced the expression level of CD4 in spleen cells. Furthermore, it was observed that CD4 co-localized with transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels at the membrane of splenic CD4+ T cells and the expression level of CD4 was related to TRPV channels in the electroacupuncture treatment. These observations indicated that electroacupuncture stimulation at the ST36 acupoint enhanced the level of immune cytokines and splenic CD4+ T cells through TRPV channels in this system.
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20
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Patnaik SS, Laganà AS, Vitale SG, Butticè S, Noventa M, Gizzo S, Valenti G, Rapisarda AMC, La Rosa VL, Magno C, Triolo O, Dandolu V. Etiology, pathophysiology and biomarkers of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 295:1341-1359. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Zhang Z. Elevated levels of Hs-CRP and IL-6 after delivery are associated with depression during the 6 months post partum. Psychiatry Res 2016; 243:43-8. [PMID: 27359302 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine whether inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6) early in the postpartum period contribute to the development of postpartum depression (PPD). From 4 May 2014 to 30 June 2014, all eligible women not on medication for depression giving birth at the Beijing Chao-Yang hospital were consecutively recruited and followed up for 6 months. Depression symptoms were measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and inflammatory biomarkers (Hs-CRP and IL-6) were tested. During the study period, 296 women were enrolled and completed follow-up. In these women, 45 (15.2%) were considered as meeting the criteria for PPD. Serum levels of Hs-CRP and IL-6 in women with PPD were significantly higher than those without PPD (all P<0.0001). Receiver operating characteristics to predict PPD demonstrated areas under the curve of IL-6 of 0.861 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.801-0.922), which was superior to Hs-CRP (0.837 (95% CI, 0.781-0.894), P<0.01). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, IL-6 and Hs-CRP were independent predictors of PPD. The present study demonstrates a strong relationship between elevated serum Hs-CRP and IL-6 levels at admission and the development of PPD within 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Yutao Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Beijing 100020, PR China.
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22
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Abstract
Endotoxin is considered to be a systemic (immunological) stressor eliciting a prolonged activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA-axis response after an endotoxin challenge is mainly due to released cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α) from stimulated peripheral immune cells, which in turn stimulate different levels of the HPA axis. Controversy exists regarding the main locus of action of endotoxin on glucocorticoid secretion, since the effect of endotoxin on this neuro-endocrine axis has been observed in intact animals and after ablation of the hypothalamus; however, a lack of LPS effect has been described at both pituitary and adrenocortical levels. The resulting increase in adrenal glucocorticoids has well-documented inhibitory effects on the inflammatory process and on inflammatory cytokine release. Therefore, immune activation of the adrenal gland by endotoxin is thought to occur by cytokine stimulation of corticosteroid-releasing hormone (CRH) production in the median eminence of the hypothalamus, which, in turn stimulates the secretion of ACTH from the pituitary. Acute administration of endotoxin stimulates ACTH and cortisol secretion and the release of CRH and vasopressin (AVP) in the hypophysial portal blood. During repeated endotoxemia, tolerance of both immune and HPA function develops, with a crucial role for glucocorticoids in the modulation of the HPA axis. A single exposure to a high dose of LPS can induce a long-lasting state of tolerance to a second exposure of LPS, affecting the response of plasma TNF-α and HPA hormones. Although there are gender differences in the HPA response to endotoxin and IL-1, these responses are enhanced by castration and attenuated by androgen and estrogen replacement. Estrogens attenuate the endotoxin-induced stimulation of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1ra release and subsequent activation in postmenopausal women. There appears to be a temporal and functional relation between the HPA-axis response to endotoxin and nitric oxide formation in the neuro-endocrine hypothalamus, suggesting a stimulatory role for nitric oxide in modulating the HPA response to immune challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus Beishuizen
- Department of Intensive Care, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Lambertus G. Thijs
- Department of Intensive Care, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Bickler SW, Lizardo E, Cauvi DM, De Maio A. The transition from a rural to an urban environment in Africa alters G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Med Hypotheses 2016; 95:49-53. [PMID: 27692166 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Urbanization in Africa is associated with an increased incidence of non-communicable diseases, yet the cause and the mechanism remain poorly understood. Here, we propose a role for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling in the biological changes that occur with urbanization and suggest a critical area of convergence in GPCR signaling might provide a molecular signature for exposure to environmental factors. As a first step in investing this hypothesis, we examined the expression of the G protein α, β and γ subunit, G protein related kinase, and β-arrestin genes in a rural and urban population living in Morocco (NCBI GSE8847). Three genes associated with the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway (GNAQ, GNA11 and GNA15), and one gene controlling the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway (GNAI2) was altered by urbanization. Of note, the expression of ARRB1 gene, which encodes the β-arrestin 1 protein and dampens the cellular responses to extracellular signals, was greater in the rural compared to the urban population (P<0.00002). These preliminary findings support our hypothesis that urbanization fundamentally alters GPCR signaling, resulting in both a qualitative and quantitative change in the signaling process. Because GPCR signaling is involved in a broad spectrum of cellular functions, further research is needed confirm these preliminary findings and to investigate what role GPCRs might have in the biological changes that occur with urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Bickler
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Investigations of Health and Education Disparities, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, CA 92093-0739, USA.
| | - Eliel Lizardo
- Center for Investigations of Health and Education Disparities, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, CA 92093-0739, USA; Department of Surgery, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
| | - David M Cauvi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Investigations of Health and Education Disparities, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, CA 92093-0739, USA
| | - Antonio De Maio
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Investigations of Health and Education Disparities, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, CA 92093-0739, USA; Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Montgomery DL. Distribution and Cellular Heterogeneity of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Viral Antigen Expression in the Brain of Persistently Infected Calves: A New Perspective. Vet Pathol 2016; 44:643-54. [PMID: 17846236 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-5-643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infection following in utero exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) early in gestation is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle industries worldwide. The brain is a primary target of persistent infection. In the current study, the types of cells infected and topography of viral antigen expression were examined in brain sections from 9 BVDV persistently infected crossbred calves, all less than 1 year of age, by immunohistochemical staining using the 15C5 primary monoclonal antibody. BVDV antigen was detected in the brains of all persistently infected calves. A variety of cell types was infected, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendroglia, blood vessel-associated cells (pericytes, perivascular macrophages, smooth muscle cells), and cells in the leptomeninges (blood vessel-associated cells). Conclusive demonstration of viral antigen in vascular endothelial cells was elusive. The intensity and distribution of viral antigen staining in neurons were highly variable. Viral antigen staining was most consistent and intense in thalamic nuclei, most notably in dorsal and medial nuclear groups, followed by the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, basal nuclei, and piriform cortex. Staining in other brain areas was often less intense and inconsistent. The variability in the intensity and topography of viral antigen in the brain may explain the heterogeneity in the clinical manifestations of BVDV-induced disease. Additionally, infection of the brain in persistently infected calves may underlie or at least contribute to endocrine disturbances and immunologic deficits that are protean manifestations of BVDV-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Montgomery
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, USA.
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Adrenal-Derived Hormones Differentially Modulate Intestinal Immunity in Experimental Colitis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:4936370. [PMID: 27403034 PMCID: PMC4923585 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4936370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The adrenal glands are able to modulate immune responses through neuroimmunoendocrine interactions and cortisol secretion that could suppress exacerbated inflammation such as in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, here we evaluated the role of these glands in experimental colitis induced by 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in C57BL/6 mice subjected to adrenalectomy, with or without glucocorticoid (GC) replacement. Mice succumbed to colitis without adrenals with a higher clinical score and augmented systemic levels of IL-6 and lower LPS. Furthermore, adrenalectomy negatively modulated systemic regulatory markers. The absence of adrenals resulted in augmented tolerogenic lamina propria dendritic cells but no compensatory local production of corticosterone and decreased mucosal inflammation associated with increased IFN-γ and FasL in the intestine. To clarify the importance of GC in this scenario, GC replacement in adrenalectomized mice restored different markers to the same degree of that observed in DSS group. Finally, this is the first time that adrenal-derived hormones, especially GC, were associated with the differential local modulation of the gut infiltrate, also pointing to a relationship between adrenalectomy and the modulation of systemic regulatory markers. These findings may elucidate some neuroimmunoendocrine mechanisms that dictate colitis outcome.
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Child maltreatment, inflammation, and internalizing symptoms: Investigating the roles of C-reactive protein, gene variation, and neuroendocrine regulation. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 27:553-66. [PMID: 25997771 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579415000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has found inconsistent evidence regarding the association among childhood adversity, inflammation, and internalizing symptoms, perhaps because previous studies have yet to adequately integrate important factors such as the timing of the adversity, genetic variation, and other relevant processes such as neuroendocrine regulation. The aims of the present study were threefold: (a) to determine whether the effect of the timing of child maltreatment on C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, varies by CRP gene variation; (b) to explore whether links between salivary CRP and childhood internalizing symptoms depend on the presence and timing of maltreatment experiences; and (c) to investigate the role of CRP in the relations between child neuroendocrine regulation and internalizing symptoms and examine whether these associations are moderated by the presence and timing of child maltreatment. Participants included a sample of 267 maltreated and 222 nonmaltreated children (M age = 9.72, SD = 0.99; 52.4% male; 66% African American) who attended a summer day camp research program designed for school-aged low-income children. Department of Human Services records were examined to determine the onset and recency of maltreatment for children in the maltreated group. The results indicated that among children with recent onset maltreatment, those with at least one A allele from CRP single nucleotide polymorphism rs1417938 evidenced significantly higher CRP levels compared to recently maltreated children carrying the TT genotype. Moreover, higher levels of CRP were associated with higher levels of internalizing symptoms only for recently maltreated children. Finally, we did not find support for salivary CRP as a mechanism in the relation between neuroendocrine regulation and childhood internalizing symptoms. Our findings highlight the importance of the timing of child maltreatment and have important implications for characterizing variability in inflammation and internalizing symptoms among youth.
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Wolkow A, Aisbett B, Reynolds J, Ferguson SA, Main LC. Relationships between inflammatory cytokine and cortisol responses in firefighters exposed to simulated wildfire suppression work and sleep restriction. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/11/e12604. [PMID: 26603450 PMCID: PMC4673634 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between inflammatory and cortisol responses modulates an appropriate response to a stressor. Exposure to severe stressors, however, may alter the actions and relationships of these responses and contribute to negative health outcomes. Physical work and sleep restriction are two stressors faced by wildland firefighters, yet their influence on the relationship between inflammatory and cortisol responses is unknown. The aim of the present study was to quantify the relationship between the cytokine and cortisol responses to sleep restriction while performing simulated physical wildfire suppression work. Firefighters completed 3 days of simulated physical firefighting work separated by either an 8-h (Control condition; n = 18) or 4-h sleep (Sleep restriction condition; n = 17) opportunity on each of the two nights. Salivary cortisol and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10) were measured throughout each day. An increase in morning IL-6 was related to a rise (6.2%, P = 0.043) in evening cortisol among firefighters in the sleep restriction condition. Higher morning IL-6 levels were related to increased (5.3%, P = 0.048) daily cortisol levels, but this relationship was not different between conditions. Less pronounced relationships were demonstrated between TNF-α, IL-10, IL-4, and cortisol independent of the sleep opportunity, but relationships did not persist after adjusting for demographic factors and other cytokines. These findings quantify the relationship between cytokine and cortisol responses among wildland firefighters exposed to simulated occupational stressors. Potential disturbances to the IL-6 and cortisol relationship among sleep-restricted firefighters’ supports further investigations into the negative health effects related to possible imbalances between these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wolkow
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia Bushfire Co-Operative Research Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brad Aisbett
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia Bushfire Co-Operative Research Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Reynolds
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- Bushfire Co-Operative Research Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, Wayville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luana C Main
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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Quintanar-Stephano A, Hernández-Cervantes R, Moreno-Mendoza N, Escobedo G, Carrero JC, Nava-Castro KE, Morales-Montor J. The endocrine-immune network during taeniosis by Taenia solium: The role of the pituitary gland. Exp Parasitol 2015; 159:233-44. [PMID: 26481692 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that sex hormones play an important role during Taenia solium infection; however, to our knowledge no studies exist concerning the immune response following complete or lobe-specific removal of the pituitary gland during T. solium infection. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze in hamsters, the effects of lack of pituitary hormones on the duodenal immune response, and their impact on T. solium establishment and development. Thus, in order to achieve this goal, we perform anterior pituitary lobectomy (AL, n = 9), neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL, n = 9) and total hypophysectomy (HYPOX, n = 8), and related to the gut establishment and growth of T. solium, hematoxylin-eosin staining of duodenal tissue and immunofluorescence of duodenal cytokine expression and compared these results to the control intact (n = 8) and control infected group (n = 8). Our results indicate that 15 days post-infection, HYPOX reduces the number and size of intestinally recovered T. solium adults. Using semiquantitative immunofluorescent laser confocal microscopy, we observed that the mean intensity of duodenal IFN-γ and IL-12 Th1 cytokines was mildly expressed in the infected controls, in contrast with the high level of expression of these cytokines in the NIL infected hamsters. Likewise, the duodenum of HYPOX animals showed an increase in the expression of Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-6, when compared to control hamsters. Histological analysis of duodenal mucosa from HYPOX hamsters revealed an exacerbated inflammatory infiltrate located along the lamina propria and related to the presence of the parasite. We conclude that lobe-specific pituitary hormones affect differentially the T. solium development and the gut immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosalía Hernández-Cervantes
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Norma Moreno-Mendoza
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, 06726 México DF, Mexico
| | - Julio Cesar Carrero
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Karen E Nava-Castro
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico.
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29
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Han C, Hahn AC, Fisher CI, Debruine LM, Jones BC. Women's facial attractiveness is related to their body mass index but not their salivary cortisol. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 28:352-5. [PMID: 26407832 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although many theories of human facial attractiveness propose positive correlations between facial attractiveness and measures of actual health, evidence for such correlations is somewhat mixed. Here we sought to replicate a recent study reporting that women's facial attractiveness is independently related to both their adiposity and cortisol. METHODS Ninety-six women provided saliva samples, which were analyzed for cortisol level, and their height and weight, which were used to calculate their body mass index (BMI). A digital face image of each woman was also taken under standardized photographic conditions and rated for attractiveness. RESULTS There was a significant negative correlation between women's facial attractiveness and BMI. By contrast, salivary cortisol and facial attractiveness were not significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the types of health information reflected in women's faces include qualities that are indexed by BMI but do not necessarily include qualities that are indexed by cortisol. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:352-355, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyang Han
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda C Hahn
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Claire I Fisher
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa M Debruine
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Benedict C Jones
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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30
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Santarsieri M, Kumar RG, Kochanek PM, Berga SL, Wagner AK. Variable neuroendocrine-immune dysfunction in individuals with unfavorable outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 45:15-27. [PMID: 25218898 PMCID: PMC4342288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems is not well understood in the context of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this study was to characterize relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cortisol and inflammation after TBI, and to determine how these relationships differ by outcome. CSF samples were collected from 91 subjects with severe TBI during days 0-6 post-injury, analyzed for cortisol and inflammatory markers, and compared to healthy controls (n=13 cortisol, n=11 inflammatory markers). Group-based trajectory analysis (TRAJ) delineated subpopulations with similar longitudinal CSF cortisol profiles (high vs. low cortisol). Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores at 6months served as the primary outcome measure reflecting global outcome. Inflammatory markers that displayed significant bivariate associations with both GOS and cortisol TRAJ (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, soluble Fas [sFas], soluble intracellular adhesion molecule [sICAM]-1, and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF]-α) were used to generate a cumulative inflammatory load score (ILS). Subsequent analysis revealed that cortisol TRAJ group membership mediated ILS effects on outcome (indirect effect estimate=-0.253, 95% CI (-0.481, -0.025), p=0.03). Correlational analysis between mean cortisol levels and ILS were examined separately within each cortisol TRAJ group and by outcome. Within the low cortisol TRAJ group, subjects with unfavorable 6-month outcome displayed a negative correlation between ILS and mean cortisol (r=-0.562, p=0.045). Conversely, subjects with unfavorable outcome in the high cortisol TRAJ group displayed a positive correlation between ILS and mean cortisol (r=0.391, p=0.006). Our results suggest that unfavorable outcome after TBI may result from dysfunctional neuroendocrine-immune communication wherein an adequate immune response is not mounted or, alternatively, neuroinflammation is prolonged. Importantly, the nature of neuroendocrine-immune dysfunction differs between cortisol TRAJ groups. These results present a novel biomarker-based index from which to discriminate outcome and emphasize the need for evaluating tailored treatments targeting inflammation early after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Santarsieri
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Raj G. Kumar
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Patrick M. Kochanek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Sarah L. Berga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University
| | - Amy K. Wagner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh
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31
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Kathyayani T, Reddy AH, Sri Lakshmi B, Venkatappa B. Neuro-endocrine immune networks leading to HIV-associated cardiovascular abnormalities: Role of leptin. HIV & AIDS REVIEW 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hivar.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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32
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Suzuki K, Ichikawa T, Furuse H, Tsuda T, Tokui K, Masaki Y, Okazawa S, Kambara K, Inomata M, Yamada T, Miwa T, Matsui S, Kashii T, Taniguchi H, Hayashi R, Tobe K. Relationship of the urine cortisol level with the performance status of patients with lung cancer: a retrospective study. Support Care Cancer 2014; 23:2129-33. [PMID: 25547482 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-014-2585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cortisol plays an important role in the physical status of patients with end-stage lung cancer, but the association of urine cortisol levels with TNM stage/performance status (PS) is unclear in patients with advanced lung cancer receiving chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to examine this association. METHODS In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, cortisol concentrations in 24-h pooled urine from 22 patients with advanced lung cancer were measured over 2 days. The mean concentration in each patient was compared with PS, TNM stage, and serum sodium and potassium ion levels. RESULTS The 24-h urine cortisol levels were higher in PS2 or PS3 cases compared to PS1 (p < 0.05) and increased proportionally with PS. Urine cortisol also increased in N2 or N3 cases compared to N1 (p < 0.01) and also increased in M1 cases (p < 0.05). Urine cortisol levels were negatively correlated with serum sodium (R = -0.49, p < 0.05) and had a tendency for a positive correlation with serum potassium (R = 0.40, p = 0.06). CONCLUSION The 24-h urine cortisol level increased in patients with advanced lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Low serum levels of potassium and high levels of sodium may indicate relative adrenal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Suzuki
- Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, 2-2-78 Nishi-Nagae, Toyama City, Toyama, 930-8550, Japan,
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33
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Aljassem K, Raboud JM, Hart TA, Benoit A, Su D, Margolese SL, Rourke SB, Rueda S, Burchell A, Cairney J, Shuper P, Loutfy MR. Gender Differences in Severity and Correlates of Depression Symptoms in People Living with HIV in Ontario, Canada. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 15:23-35. [DOI: 10.1177/2325957414536228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the differences in severity and correlates of depression symptoms among 1069 men and 267 women living with HIV in Ontario, Canada, who completed the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Women had higher CES-D scores than that of men (median [interquartile range]: 13 [5-26] versus 9 [3-20], P = .0004). More women had total CES-D scores >15 (mild-moderate depression; 44% versus 33%, P = .002) and >21 (severe depression; 31% versus 23%, P = .003). Unlike men, at age 40, women’s scores increased yearly (0.4 per increased year, P = .005). The distribution of scores differed by gender: There was no difference in the 10th percentile of depression scores, 0 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0-1.0) but the 75th percentile of depression scores for women was 6 (95% CI: 2.0-10.0) points higher than that of men. Important gender differences exist in depression symptoms and in correlates of symptoms in people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinda Aljassem
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Janet M. Raboud
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor A. Hart
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita Benoit
- Department of Medicine, Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - DeSheng Su
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shari L. Margolese
- Department of Medicine, Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean B. Rourke
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Michaels Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergio Rueda
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Michaels Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann Burchell
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto Ontario, Canada
| | - John Cairney
- Department of Family Medicine and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Shuper
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mona R. Loutfy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Cho J, Choi YJ, Suh M, Sohn J, Kim H, Cho SK, Ha KH, Kim C, Shin DC. Air pollution as a risk factor for depressive episode in patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or asthma. J Affect Disord 2014; 157:45-51. [PMID: 24581827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently insufficient evidence to confirm the effect of ambient air pollution on mental disorders, especially among susceptible populations. This study investigated the short-term effect of ambient air pollution on the risk of depressive episode and the effect modification across disease subpopulations. METHODS Subjects who visited the emergency department (ED) for depressive episode from 2005 to 2009 (n=4985) in Seoul, Republic of Korea were identified from medical claims data. We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study using conditional logistic regression. Subgroup analyses were conducted after the subjects were stratified by underlying disease (cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and depressive disorder). The risk was expressed as an odds ratio (OR) per 1 standard deviation of each air pollutant. RESULTS SO2, PM10, NO2, and CO were positively associated with ED visits for depressive episode. The maximum risk was observed in the distributed lag 0-3 model for PM10 (OR, 1.120; 95% confidence interval, 1.067-1.176). PM10, NO2, and CO significantly increased the risks of ED visits for depressive episode in subjects with either underlying cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, asthma, or depressive disorder. LIMITATIONS Our data may include a misclassification bias due to the validity of a diagnosis determined from medical services utilization data. CONCLUSIONS SO2, PM10, NO2, and CO significantly increased the risk of ED visits for depressive episode, especially among individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaelim Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Choi
- Research and Development Center, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Suh
- National Cancer Center, Koyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwoo Sohn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyoung Hwa Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Chun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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35
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Shaba JJ, Behan Braman A, Robinson NE. Plasma cortisol concentration increases within 6 hours of stabling in RAO-affected horses. Equine Vet J 2013; 46:642-4. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Shaba
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Michigan State University; USA
| | - A. Behan Braman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Michigan State University; USA
| | - N. E. Robinson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Michigan State University; USA
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36
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Papaioannou V, Pneumatikos I, Maglaveras N. Association of heart rate variability and inflammatory response in patients with cardiovascular diseases: current strengths and limitations. Front Physiol 2013; 4:174. [PMID: 23847549 PMCID: PMC3706751 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many experimental and clinical studies have confirmed a continuous cross-talk between both sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of autonomic nervous system and inflammatory response, in different clinical scenarios. In cardiovascular diseases, inflammation has been proven to play a pivotal role in disease progression, pathogenesis and resolution. A few clinical studies have assessed the possible inter-relation between neuro-autonomic output, estimated with heart rate variability analysis, which is the variability of R-R in the electrocardiogram, and different inflammatory biomarkers, in patients suffering from stable or unstable coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure. Moreover, different indices derived from heart rate signals' processing, have been proven to correlate strongly with severity of heart disease and predict final outcome. In this review article we will summarize major findings from different investigators, evaluating neuro-immunological interactions through heart rate variability analysis, in different groups of cardiovascular patients. We suggest that markers originating from variability analysis of heart rate signals seem to be related to inflammatory biomarkers. However, a lot of open questions remain to be addressed, regarding the existence of a true association between heart rate variability and autonomic nervous system output or its adoption for risk stratification and therapeutic monitoring at the bedside. Finally, potential therapeutic implications will be discussed, leading to autonomic balance restoration in relation with inflammatory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Papaioannou
- Intensive Care Unit, Alexandroupolis General Hospital, Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis, Greece
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37
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Fontana L, Addante F, Copetti M, Paroni G, Fontana A, Sancarlo D, Pellegrini F, Ferrucci L, Pilotto A. Identification of a metabolic signature for multidimensional impairment and mortality risk in hospitalized older patients. Aging Cell 2013; 12:459-66. [PMID: 23496093 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of several metabolic and hormonal adaptations has been proposed to control aging. Little is known regarding the effects of multiple deregulations of these metabolic and hormonal systems in modulating frailty and mortality in hospitalized elderly patients. We measured 17 biological serum parameters from different metabolic/hormonal pathways in 594 hospitalized elderly patients followed up to 1 year who were stratified into three groups according to their multidimensional impairment, evaluated by a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)-based Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI). The mortality incidence rates were 7% at 1 month and 21% at 1 year. Our data show that frailty and mortality rate were positively associated with chronic inflammation and with a down-regulation of multiple endocrine factors. Of the 17 biomarkers examined, blood levels of IGF-1, triiodothyronine, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell and lymphocyte counts, iron, albumin, total cholesterol, and LDL-c were significantly associated with both MPI severity grade and mortality. In multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, the following biomarkers most strongly predicted the risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) per 1 quintile increment in predictor distribution): IGF-1 HR = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63-0.80), CRP HR = 1.48 (95% CI: 1.32-1.65), hemoglobin HR = 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73-0.92), and glucose HR = 1.17 (95% CI: 1.04-1.30). Multidimensional impairment assessed by MPI is associated with a distinctive metabolic 'signature'. The concomitant elevation of markers of inflammation, associated with a simultaneous reduction in multiple metabolic and hormonal factors, predicts mortality in hospitalized elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Fontana
- Department of Medicine Salerno University Medical School Salerno Italy
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science Washington University in St.Louis St.Louis MO USA
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Napoli Italy
| | - Filomena Addante
- Department of Medical Sciences Gerontology‐Geriatric Research Laboratory IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - Giulia Paroni
- Department of Medical Sciences Gerontology‐Geriatric Research Laboratory IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Unit of Biostatistics IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - Daniele Sancarlo
- Department of Medical Sciences Gerontology‐Geriatric Research Laboratory IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - Fabio Pellegrini
- Unit of Biostatistics IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
- Unit of Biostatistics DCPE Consorzio Mario Negri Sud Santa Maria Imbaro Chieti Italy
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging Longitudinal Studies Section Harbor Hospital Center Baltimore MD USA
| | - Alberto Pilotto
- Department of Medical Sciences Gerontology‐Geriatric Research Laboratory IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
- Geriatrics Unit Azienda ULSS 16 Padova S Antonio Hospital Padova Italy
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Hernández-Cervantes R, Quintanar-Stephano A, Moreno-Méndoza N, López-Griego L, López-Salazar V, Hernández-Bello R, Carrero JC, Morales-Montor J. Regulation of intestinal immune response by selective removal of the anterior, posterior, or entire pituitary gland in Trichinella spiralis infected golden hamsters. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59486. [PMID: 23555042 PMCID: PMC3598742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of anterior pituitary hormones on the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals has been previously reported. Hypophysectomy (HYPOX) in the rat causes atrophy of the intestinal mucosa, and reduction of gastric secretion and intestinal absorption, as well as increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections. However, to our knowledge, no findings have been published concerning the immune response following HYPOX during worm infection, particularly that which is caused by the nematode Trichinella spiralis. The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of total or partial HYPOX on colonization of T. spiralis in the intestinal lumen, together with duodenal and splenic cytokine expression. Our results indicate that 5 days post infection, only neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL) reduces the number of intestinally recovered T. spiralis larvae. Using semiquantitative inmunofluorescent laser confocal microscopy, we observed that the mean intensity of all tested Th1 cytokines was markedly diminished, even in the duodenum of infected controls. In contrast, a high level of expression of these cytokines was noted in the NIL infected hamsters. Likewise, a significant decrease in the fluorescence intensity of Th2 cytokines (with the exception of IL-4) was apparent in the duodenum of control and sham infected hamsters, compared to animals with NIL surgeries, which showed an increase in the expression of IL-5 and IL-13. Histology of duodenal mucosa from NIL hamsters showed an exacerbated inflammatory infiltrate located along the lamina propria, which was related to the presence of the parasite. We conclude that hormones from each pituitary lobe affect the gastrointestinal immune responses to T. spiralis through various mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía Hernández-Cervantes
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal, México
| | - Andrés Quintanar-Stephano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Norma Moreno-Méndoza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal, México
| | - Lorena López-Griego
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal, México
| | - Valeria López-Salazar
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal, México
| | - Romel Hernández-Bello
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal, México
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Julio César Carrero
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal, México
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal, México
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Jones BC, Fincher CL, Welling LLM, Little AC, Feinberg DR, Watkins CD, Al-Dujaili EAS, Debruine LM. Salivary cortisol and pathogen disgust predict men's preferences for feminine shape cues in women's faces. Biol Psychol 2012. [PMID: 23182875 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that individuals who are particularly concerned about infectious diseases show stronger preferences for exaggerated sex-typical characteristics in potential mates' faces. However, these studies have generally investigated individual differences in women's mate preferences and relied on questionnaires to assess disease-related concerns. Here we show that men's scores on the pathogen disgust subscale of the Three Domains of Disgust Scale are positively correlated with their preferences for femininity in women's faces and that this relationship is independent of the possible effects of both sexual and moral disgust. We then show that men with higher trait (i.e., average) salivary cortisol, a biomarker for immunosuppression, have stronger preferences for femininity in women's faces. Finally, we show that pathogen disgust is correlated with partnered men's femininity ratings of both their actual and ideal romantic partner. Together, these findings suggest that disease-related factors are important for individual differences in men's mate preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict C Jones
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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Endocrine-immune interactions in pregnant non-human primates with intrauterine infection. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2012; 5:142-53. [PMID: 18476167 PMCID: PMC2364569 DOI: 10.1155/s1064744997000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/1997] [Accepted: 10/21/1997] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth remains the most common cause of perinatal mortality. Although the causes of preterm labor are multifactorial and vary according to gestational age, preterm labor and term labor share common cellular and molecular mechanisms, including stimulation of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and endocrine/immune system interactions. We have developed a non-human primate experimental model for intrauterine infection and preterm labor using chronically instrumented rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with timed gestations. We have documented the temporal and quantitative relationships among intrauterine infection, the synthesis and release of proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, and fetal-placental steroid biosynthesis in this model. Infection-induced preterm parturition is characterized by significant elevations in amniotic fluid proinflammatory cytokines and by increases in fetal adrenal steroid biosynthesis, but not by corresponding increases in placental estrogen biosynthesis characteristic of spontaneous parturition. This suggests that activation of the fetal HPA axis by the stress of infection is accompanied by placental dysfunction and also that infection-induced preterm parturition is not dependent upon the increased estrogen biosynthesis observed in spontaneous parturition. These different endocrine and immune responses have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications in the management of preterm labor.
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Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is controlled by various immunomodulating cells, interacting by molecular mediators. Neuropeptides, released by enteric nerve cells and neuroendocrine mucosa cells, are able to affect several aspects of the general and intestinal immune system, with both pro- as well as anti-inflammatory activities. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) there is both morphological as well as experimental evidence for involvement of neuropeptides in the pathogenesis. Somatostatin is the main inhibitory peptide in inflammatory processes, and its possible role in IBD is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D van Bergeijk
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, University Hospital Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Cellular bases for interactions between immunocytes and enteroendocrine cells in the intestinal mucosal barrier of rhesus macaques. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 350:135-41. [PMID: 22777742 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The roles of the interactions between nervous, endocrine, and immune systems have been well established in human health and diseases. At present, little is known about the cellular bases for neural-endocrine-immune networks in the gastrointestinal mucosa. In the current study, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum autopsies from 15 rhesus macaques and endoscopic duodenal biopsies from 12 rhesus macaques were collected, and the spatial relationships between the endocrine cells and immune cells in the intestinal mucosa were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Eight types of enteroendocrine cells similar to human enterochromaffin cells (EC), D1, G, I, K, L, N, and S cells were found to lie within a one-cell-size distance from immunocytes, in particular the eosinophils in the epithelia or lamina propria. Close apposition of large areas of plasma membranes between many types of enteroendocrine cells and immunocytes, especially between EC, K, S cells and eosinophils, were observed in the epithelia for the first time. These data indicate that complex interactions occur between diverse types of enteroendocrine cells and various immune cells through paracrine mechanisms or via mechanisms dependent on cell-to-cell contact; such interactions might play key roles in maintaining the gut mucosal barrier integrity of rhesus macaques.
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DeSantis AS, DiezRoux AV, Hajat A, Aiello AE, Golden SH, Jenny NS, Seeman TE, Shea S. Associations of salivary cortisol levels with inflammatory markers: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012; 37:1009-18. [PMID: 22178583 PMCID: PMC3358540 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic and psychosocial factors have been found to be associated with systemic inflammation. Although stress is often proposed as a contributor to these associations, no population studies have investigated the links between inflammation and biomarkers of stress. The current study examines associations between daily cortisol profiles and inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) in a population-based sample of 869 adults with repeat measures of cortisol over multiple days. Persons with higher levels of IL-6 had a less pronounced cortisol awakening response, a less steep daily decline, and higher cortisol area under the curve for the day with associations persisting after controls for risk factors and other cytokines. Persons with higher levels of TNF-a had lower cortisol levels upon waking, and flatter daily decline, although associations with decline were attenuated when controlling for inflammatory risk factors. Higher levels of IL-10 were associated with marginally flatter daily cortisol decline (p<.10). This study is the first to identify associations of basal cortisol activity and inflammatory markers in a population based sample. Findings are consistent with the possibility that HPA axis activity may mediate associations between psychosocial stressors and inflammatory processes. Additional prospective data are necessary to clarify the directionality of associations between cortisol and inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Hajat
- University of Michigan – Ann Arbor
| | | | | | | | - TE Seeman
- University of California – Los Angeles
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Camargo ACM, Fernandes BL, Cruz L, Ferro ES. Bioactive Peptides Produced by Limited Proteolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4199/c00056ed1v01y201204npe002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hakkou J, Rostom S, Mengat M, Aissaoui N, Bahiri R, Hajjaj-Hassouni N. Sleep disturbance in Moroccan patients with ankylosing spondylitis: prevalence and relationships with disease-specific variables, psychological status and quality of life. Rheumatol Int 2012; 33:285-90. [PMID: 22441961 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-012-2376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbance is often reported by the patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), with awakenings produced by inflammatory pain. There are limited studies about sleep disturbance on these patients, and especially its association with psychological state and quality of life to examine the prevalence of sleep disturbance and to assess its association with disease-specific variables, psychological status and quality of life. One hundred and ten patients were included in this cross-sectional study according to the modified New York criteria for AS. Clinical and biological parameters were evaluated. Sleep disturbance was assessed by the fourth item of Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Psychological status was assessed by The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale including depression subscale and anxiety subscale. The quality of life was evaluated by the short form-36 (SF-36). Sleep disturbance was found in 64.5 %, depression in 55.5 % and anxiety in 60.9 % amongst our patients. Significantly, worse pain, higher disease activity and functional disability were present in patients with sleep disturbance. Likewise, sleep problems were significantly higher in patients with depression, anxiety and in patients with low scores of the SF36. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the pain (OR = 1.019) and depression (OR = 1.304) were independent risk factors that influenced sleep disturbance. Sleep problems are prevalent amongst Moroccan patients with AS. Our findings suggest that pain and depression were the independent risk factors that influenced the sleep disturbance and hence, the need for evaluation and optimal management of pain and depression to improve sleep quality in AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinane Hakkou
- Department of Rheumatology, El Ayachi University Hospital, Sale, Morocco.
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Mao P, Meshul CK, Thuillier P, Goldberg NRS, Reddy PH. CART peptide is a potential endogenous antioxidant and preferentially localized in mitochondria. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29343. [PMID: 22235287 PMCID: PMC3250433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional neuropeptide Cocaine and Amphetamine Regulated Transcript (CART) is secreted from hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal gland and pancreas. It also can be found in circulatory system. This feature suggests a general role for CART in different cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that CART protects mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), cellular proteins and lipids against the oxidative action of hydrogen peroxide, a widely used oxidant. Using cis-parinaric acid as a sensitive reporting probe for peroxidation in membranes, and a lipid-soluble azo initiator of peroxyl radicals, 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) we found that CART is an antioxidant. Furthermore, we found that CART localized to mitochondria in cultured cells and mouse brain neuronal cells. More importantly, pretreatment with CART by systemic injection protects against a mouse oxidative stress model, which mimics the main features of Parkinson's disease. Given the unique molecular structure and biological features of CART, we conclude that CART is an antioxidant peptide (or antioxidant hormone). We further propose that it may have strong therapeutic properties for human diseases in which oxidative stress is strongly involved such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhong Mao
- The Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.
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Gómez NV, Castillo VA, Gisbert MA, Pisano P, Mira G, Fontanals A, Blatter MFC. Immune–endocrine interactions in treated and untreated cats naturally infected with FIV. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 143:332-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ortega FJ, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Sabater M, Ricart W, Frühbeck G, Fernández-Real JM. Circulating glucagon is associated with inflammatory mediators in metabolically compromised subjects. Eur J Endocrinol 2011; 165:639-45. [PMID: 21798957 DOI: 10.1530/eje-11-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute phase mediators promote metabolic changes by modifying circulating hormones. However, there is virtually no data about the link between glucagon and inflammatory parameters in obesity-related chronic low-grade inflammation. STUDY DESIGN We performed both cross-sectional and longitudinal (diet-induced weight loss) studies. METHODS Circulating glucagon concentrations (ELISA), parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, interleukin 6 (IL6), and complement factor B (CFB) were analyzed in 316 subjects (250 men and 66 women). The effects of weight loss were investigated in an independent cohort of 20 subjects. RESULTS Circulating glucagon significantly correlated with glucose (r=0.407, P<0.0001), HbAlc (r=0.426, P<0.0001), fasting triglycerides (r=0.356, P=0.001), and parameters of innate immune response system such as IL6 (r=0.342, P=0.050) and CFB (r=0.404, P=0.002) in obese subjects with altered glucose tolerance, but not in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). In obese and NGT subjects, glucagon was associated with fasting triglycerides (r=0.475, P=0.003) and CFB (r=0.624, P=0.001). In obese subjects, glucagon (P=0.019) and CFB (P=0.002) independently contributed to 26% of fasting triglyceride variance (P<0.0001) after controlling for the effects of age and fasting serum glucose concentration in multiple lineal regression models. Moreover, concomitant with fat mass, fasting triglycerides, and CFB, weight loss led to significantly decreased circulating glucagon (-23.1%, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS According to the current results, acute phase reactants such as IL6 and CFB are associated with fasting glucagon in metabolically compromised subjects. This suggests that glucagon may be behind the association between inflammatory and metabolic parameters in obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Ortega
- Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
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