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Boerhout C, Feenstra R, van de Hoef T, Piek J, Beijk M. Pharmacotherapy in patients with vasomotor disorders. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2023; 48:101267. [PMID: 37727753 PMCID: PMC10505589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Anginal symptoms in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease are frequently related to vasomotor disorders of the coronary circulation. Although frequently overlooked, a distinct diagnosis of different vasomotor disorders can be made by intracoronary function testing. Early detection and treatment seems beneficial, but little evidence is available for the medical treatment of these disorders. Nevertheless, there are several pharmacotherapeutic options available to treat these patients and improve quality of life. Methods & findings We performed an extensive yet non-systematic literature search to explore available pharmacotherapeutic strategies for addressing vasomotor disorders in individuals experiencing angina and non-obstructive coronary artery disease. This article presents a comprehensive overview of therapeutic possibilities for patients exhibiting abnormal vasoconstriction (such as spasm) and abnormal vasodilation (like coronary microvascular dysfunction). Conclusion Treatment of vasomotor disorders can be very challenging, but a general treatment algorithm based on the existing evidence and the best available current practice is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T.P. van de Hoef
- Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J.J. Piek
- Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M.A.M. Beijk
- Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Feenstra RG, Jansen TP, Matthijs Boekholdt S, Brouwer JE, Klees MI, Appelman Y, Wittekoek ME, van de Hoef TP, de Winter RJ, Piek JJ, Damman P, Beijk MA. Efficacy and safety of the endothelin-1 receptor antagonist macitentan in epicardial and microvascular vasospasm; a proof-of-concept study. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2023; 47:101238. [PMID: 37576078 PMCID: PMC10422675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Treatment of patients diagnosed with angina due to epicardial or microvascular coronary artery spasm (CAS) is challenging because patients often remain symptomatic despite conventional pharmacological therapy. In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential cross-over proof-of-concept study, we compared the efficacy and safety of macitentan, a potent inhibitor of the endothelin-1 receptor, to placebo in symptomatic patients with CAS despite background pharmacological treatment. Methods Patients with CAS diagnosed by invasive spasm provocation testing with >3 anginal attacks per week despite pharmacological treatment were considered for participation. Participants received either 10 mg of macitentan or placebo daily for 28 days as add-on treatment. After a wash-out period patients were crossed over to the alternate treatment arm. The primary endpoint was the difference in anginal burden calculated as [1] the duration (in minutes) * severity (on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scale 1-10); and [2] the frequency of angina attacks * severity during medication use compared to the run-in phase. Results 28 patients of whom 22 females (79%) and a mean age of 55.3 ± 7.6 completed the entire study protocol (epicardial CAS n = 19 (68), microvascular CAS n = 9 (32)). Change in both indices of anginal burden were not different during treatment with add-on macitentan as compared to add-on placebo (duration*severity: -9 [-134 78] vs -45 [-353 11], p = 0.136 and frequency*severity: -1.7 [-5.8 1.2] vs -1.8 [-6.2 0.3], p = 0.767). The occurrence and nature of self-reported adverse events were closely similar between the treatment phase with macitentan and placebo. Conclusion In patients with angina due to epicardial or microvascular CAS despite background pharmacological treatment, 28 days of add-on treatment with the ET-1 receptor antagonist, macitentan 10 mg daily, did not reduce anginal burden compared to add-on treatment with placebo.Trial Registrationhttps://trialsearch.who.int/, Identifier: EUCTR2018-002623-42-NL. Registration date: 20 February 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger G.T. Feenstra
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tijn P.J. Jansen
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - S. Matthijs Boekholdt
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janet E. Brouwer
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Margriet I. Klees
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yolande Appelman
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tim P. van de Hoef
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert J. de Winter
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan J. Piek
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Damman
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel A.M. Beijk
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Zhu P, Li X, Liu Y, Xiong J, Yuan D, Chen Y, Luo L, Huang J, Wang B, Nie Q, Wang S, Dang L, Li S, Shu Y, Zhang W, Zhou H, Fan L, Li Q. Methylation-mediated silencing of EDN3 promotes cervical cancer proliferation, migration and invasion. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1010132. [PMID: 36824133 PMCID: PMC9942821 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, cervical cancer is preceded by the pre-malignant cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) that can last for up to 20 years before becoming malignant. Therefore, early screening is the key to prevent the progression of cervical lesions into invasive cervical cancer and decrease the incidence. The genes, down-regulated and hypermethylated in cancers, may provide potential drug targets for cervical cancer. In our current study, using the datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, we found that endothelin 3 (EDN3) was downregulated and hypermethylated in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). The further analysis in GSE63514 (n=128) dataset and in our samples (n=221) found that the expression of EDN3 was decreased with the degree of cervical lesions. Pyrosequencing was performed to evaluate 4 CpG sites of the EDN3 promoter region in our samples (n=469). The data indicated that the methylation level of EDN3 was increased with the degree of cervical lesions. EDN3 silencing mediated by methylation can be blocked by 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza), a DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor, treatment in cervical cancer cell lines. Ethynyldeoxyuridine (EdU) assay, would-healing assay, clone formation assay and transwell assay were conducted to investigate the biological function of EDN3 in cervical cancer cell lines. The results of these experiments confirmed that overexpression of EDN3 could inhibit the proliferation, clone formation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells. EDN3 may provide potential biomarker and therapeutic target for CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Gynaecology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Li, ; Jing Xiong,
| | - Ding Yuan
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Medical Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lili Luo
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ju Huang
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Quanfang Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Shuli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liying Dang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu Li
- Xiangya Medical Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Li, ; Jing Xiong,
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Signaling cascades in the failing heart and emerging therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:134. [PMID: 35461308 PMCID: PMC9035186 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is the end stage of cardiac diseases. With a high prevalence and a high mortality rate worldwide, chronic heart failure is one of the heaviest health-related burdens. In addition to the standard neurohormonal blockade therapy, several medications have been developed for chronic heart failure treatment, but the population-wide improvement in chronic heart failure prognosis over time has been modest, and novel therapies are still needed. Mechanistic discovery and technical innovation are powerful driving forces for therapeutic development. On the one hand, the past decades have witnessed great progress in understanding the mechanism of chronic heart failure. It is now known that chronic heart failure is not only a matter involving cardiomyocytes. Instead, chronic heart failure involves numerous signaling pathways in noncardiomyocytes, including fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells, and crosstalk among these cells. The complex regulatory network includes protein-protein, protein-RNA, and RNA-RNA interactions. These achievements in mechanistic studies provide novel insights for future therapeutic targets. On the other hand, with the development of modern biological techniques, targeting a protein pharmacologically is no longer the sole option for treating chronic heart failure. Gene therapy can directly manipulate the expression level of genes; gene editing techniques provide hope for curing hereditary cardiomyopathy; cell therapy aims to replace dysfunctional cardiomyocytes; and xenotransplantation may solve the problem of donor heart shortages. In this paper, we reviewed these two aspects in the field of failing heart signaling cascades and emerging therapeutic strategies based on modern biological techniques.
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5
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The Potential of Dietary Bioactive Compounds against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051623. [PMID: 35268723 PMCID: PMC8912066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is an endothelial disease. All the major comorbidities that increase the risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 including old age, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, respiratory disease, compromised immune system, coronary artery disease or heart failure are associated with dysfunctional endothelium. Genetics and environmental factors (epigenetics) are major risk factors for endothelial dysfunction. Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and poor COVID-19 outcomes and higher risk of mortality. Old age is a non-modifiable risk factor. All other risk factors are modifiable. This review also identifies dietary risk factors for endothelial dysfunction. Potential dietary preventions that address endothelial dysfunction and its sequelae may have an important role in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and are key factors for future research to address. This review presents some dietary bioactives with demonstrated efficacy against dysfunctional endothelial cells. This review also covers dietary bioactives with efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Dietary bioactive compounds that prevent endothelial dysfunction and its sequelae, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, will result in more effective prevention of SARS-CoV-2 variant infection severity and are key factors for future food research to address.
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6
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Panchal A, Panchal J, Jain S, Dwivedi J. A literature review on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573398x18666220217151152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
PAH was first of all reported from German Doctor E. Romberg in 1891, It's usually found throughout the globe, but it is a burden in India and other developing countries. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by a rise in pulmonary arterial pressure and the development of progressive symptoms like reduction in functional ability, shortness of breath and fatigue. The pulmonary arteries move blood from the right side of the heart over the lungs.
Introduction:
Increase pressure in pulmonary arteries known as pulmonary arterial pressure (PAH). The treatment of is require because without it, the right heart to work much harder due to high blood pressure in the lungs, and over time it became reason of heart failure. In this article, we have tried to provide brief information about the prevalence, pathology, classification and different therapies of PAH. Combining medicines from different categories is currently given as quality care and has been revealed to boost outcomes. A small part of the new treatment options has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jigar Panchal
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali-304022,
India
| | - Sonika Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali-304022,
India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali-304022,
India
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7
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Scaglione A, Panzarino C, Modica M, Tavanelli M, Pezzano A, Grati P, Racca V, Toccafondi A, Bordoni B, Verde A, Cartella I, Castiglioni P. Short- and long-term effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program in patients implanted with a left ventricular assist device. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259927. [PMID: 34851984 PMCID: PMC8635401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation in heart-failure patients who received a left-ventricular assist device (LVAD) instead of heart transplantation (HTx) is still unclear. This study aims to evaluate whether cardiac rehabilitation is beneficial in LVAD as HTx patients in the short term and whether its effects in LVAD patients persist over time. Twenty-five LVAD patients were evaluated by functional and psychological tests at admission (T0) and discharge (T1) of a 4-week inpatient structured rehabilitation program, and follow-ups 3 (T2), 6 (T3), and 12 months (T4) after discharge. Twenty-five matched HTx patients were also studied from T0 to T1 to compare the improvements in the six-minute walk test (6MWT). The quality-of-life scores substantially improved in LVAD patients and the 6MWT showed the same functional recovery as in HTx patients from T0 to T1. After T1, numerous LVAD patients withdrew from the study. However, the 6MWT outcome increased further from T1 to T3, with a positive trend during the follow-ups. Hemoglobin and the ventilatory performance increased, and the psychological perception of heart-failure symptoms and pain further improved at T2. In conclusion, exercise-based rehabilitation programs provide similar beneficial effects in LVAD and HTx patients, without deterioration in LVAD patients up to 12 months after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Scaglione
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Center, Santa Maria Nascente Institute, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Panzarino
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Center, Santa Maria Nascente Institute, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Modica
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Center, Santa Maria Nascente Institute, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Tavanelli
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Center, Santa Maria Nascente Institute, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Pezzano
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Center, Santa Maria Nascente Institute, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Grati
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Center, Santa Maria Nascente Institute, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Racca
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Center, Santa Maria Nascente Institute, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Anastasia Toccafondi
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Center, Santa Maria Nascente Institute, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Bordoni
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Center, Santa Maria Nascente Institute, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Verde
- Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Program, CardioThoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Iside Cartella
- Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Program, CardioThoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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8
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Méndez R, González-Jiménez P, Latorre A, Piqueras M, Bouzas L, Yépez K, Ferrando A, Zaldívar-Olmeda E, Moscardó A, Alonso R, Reyes S, Menéndez R. Acute and sustained increase in endothelial biomarkers in COVID-19. Thorax 2021; 77:400-403. [PMID: 34607904 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial injury is related to poor outcomes in respiratory infections yet little is known in relation to COVID-19. Performing a longitudinal analysis (on emergency department admission and post-hospitalisation follow-up), we evaluated endothelial damage via surrogate systemic endothelial biomarkers, that is, proadrenomedullin (proADM) and proendothelin, in patients with COVID-19. Higher proADM and/or proendothelin levels at baseline were associated with the most severe episodes and intensive care unit admission when compared with ward-admitted individuals and outpatients. Elevated levels of proADM or proendothelin at day 1 were associated with in-hospital mortality. High levels maintained after discharge were associated with reduced diffusing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Méndez
- Pneumology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain .,Respiratory Infections, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula González-Jiménez
- Pneumology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain.,Respiratory Infections, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Latorre
- Respiratory Infections, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Piqueras
- Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Laboratory, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leyre Bouzas
- Pneumology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain.,Respiratory Infections, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Katheryn Yépez
- Pneumology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain.,Respiratory Infections, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Ferrando
- Pneumology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain.,Respiratory Infections, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Zaldívar-Olmeda
- Pneumology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain.,Respiratory Infections, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Moscardó
- Platelet Function Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Alonso
- Laboratory, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Soledad Reyes
- Pneumology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain.,Respiratory Infections, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosario Menéndez
- Pneumology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain.,Respiratory Infections, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research Network in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Torres Crigna A, Link B, Samec M, Giordano FA, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Endothelin-1 axes in the framework of predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:265-305. [PMID: 34367381 PMCID: PMC8334338 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is involved in the regulation of a myriad of processes highly relevant for physical and mental well-being; female and male health; in the modulation of senses, pain, stress reactions and drug sensitivity as well as healing processes, amongst others. Shifted ET-1 homeostasis may influence and predict the development and progression of suboptimal health conditions, metabolic impairments with cascading complications, ageing and related pathologies, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative pathologies, aggressive malignancies, modulating, therefore, individual outcomes of both non-communicable and infectious diseases such as COVID-19. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the involvement of ET-1 and related regulatory pathways in physiological and pathophysiological processes and estimates its capacity as a predictor of ageing and related pathologies,a sensor of lifestyle quality and progression of suboptimal health conditions to diseases for their targeted preventionand as a potent target for cost-effective treatments tailored to the person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Torres Crigna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Link
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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10
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Wu Y, Ni H, Yang D, Niu Y, Chen K, Xu J, Wang F, Tang S, Shi Y, Zhang H, Hu J, Xia D, Wu Y. Driver and novel genes correlated with metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer: A comprehensive analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 224:153551. [PMID: 34298439 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although mutations of genes are crucial events in tumorigenesis and development, the association between gene mutations and lung cancer metastasis is still largely unknown. The goal of this study is to identify driver and novel genes associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis. Candidate genes were identified using a novel comprehensive analysis, which was based on bioinformatics technology and meta-analysis. Firstly, EGFR, KRAS, ALK, TP53, BRAF and PIK3CA were identified as candidate driver genes. Further meta-analysis identified that EGFR (Pooled OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.19, 1.50; P < .001) and ALK (Pooled OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.22, 1.89; P < .001) mutations were associated with distant metastasis of NSCLC. Besides, ALK (Pooled OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.71, 3.38; P < .001) mutation was associated with lymph node metastasis of NSCLC. In addition, thirteen novel gene mutations were identified to be correlated with NSCLC metastasis, including SMARCA1, GGCX, KIF24, LRRK1, LILRA4, OR2T10, EDNRB, NR1H4, ARID4A, PRKCI, PABPC5, ACAN and TLN1. Furthermore, elevated mRNA expression level of SMARCA1 and EDNRB was associated with poor overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), respectively. Additionally, pathway and protein-protein interactions network analyses found the two genes were correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. In conclusion, mutations of EGFR and ALK were significantly correlated with NSCLC metastasis. In addition, thirteen novel genes were identified to be associated with NSCLC metastasis, especially SMARCA1 in LUAD and EDNRB in LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Wu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Heng Ni
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Dexin Yang
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuequn Niu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Kelie Chen
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinming Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Song Tang
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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11
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Association of Gut Hormones and Microbiota with Vascular Dysfunction in Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020613. [PMID: 33668627 PMCID: PMC7918888 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, obesity has reached pandemic proportions. Obesity is among the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, since chronic fat accumulation leads to dysfunction in vascular endothelium and to a precocious arterial stiffness. So far, not all the mechanisms linking adipose tissue and vascular reactivity have been explained. Recently, novel findings reported interesting pathological link between endothelial dysfunction with gut hormones and gut microbiota and energy homeostasis. These findings suggest an active role of gut secretome in regulating the mediators of vascular function, such as nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) that need to be further investigated. Moreover, a central role of brain has been suggested as a main player in the regulation of the different factors and hormones beyond these complex mechanisms. The aim of the present review is to discuss the state of the art in this field, by focusing on the processes leading to endothelial dysfunction mediated by obesity and metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance. The role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), gut hormones, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and the CNS function in controlling satiety have been considered. Further understanding the crosstalk between these complex mechanisms will allow us to better design novel strategies for the prevention of obesity and its complications.
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12
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Alcendor DJ. Dysregulation of Endothelin-1: Implications for Health Disparities in Alzheimer's Disease. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E199. [PMID: 33126567 PMCID: PMC7712547 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minorities. The racial and ethnic disparities in AD could be explained by differences in cerebral vascular disease pathology. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictive peptide that regulates smooth muscle, endothelial cell, and pericyte contractions that may result in cerebral vascular constriction, leading to cerebral hypoperfusion; over time, ET-1 may result in neuronal injury contributing to the pathology of AD. Upregulation of the ET-1 system has been observed in African Americans when compared with non-Hispanic Whites. The role of the ET-1 system as a driver of ethnic disparities in AD requires further investigation. Targeting of the ET-1 system as a therapeutic intervention that could impact AD progression also needs further study. Dysregulation of ET-1 in Hispanic/Latino populations largely have been unexplored. Genetics linking ET-1 dysregulation and racial disparities in AD also needs further investigation. In this review, I examine how AD effects underserved minority populations and how dysregulation of the ET-1 system specifically predisposes ethnic minorities to AD. In addition, I examine the molecular interactions of the ET-1 system and amyloid beta, the role the ET-1 system in neurodegeneration, potential therapeutics for ET-1 dysregulation, and the impact on AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Alcendor
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
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13
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Mauliūtė M, Rugienė R, Žėkas V, Bagdonaitė L. Association of endothelin-1 and cell surface adhesion molecules levels in patients with systemic sclerosis. J LAB MED 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/labmed-2020-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, including systemic sclerosis. In addition to modulating vascular tone and extracellular matrix turnover, ET-1 up-regulates cell surface adhesion molecules–intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1).The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of the detection of ET-1, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in the diagnosis of systemic sclerosis.
Methods
A total of 30 patients with systemic sclerosis from Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics were included in the study. Serum levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and ET-1 were assessed by enzyme immunoassay.
Results
ET-1 concentration was associated with VCAM-1 concentration (r=0.687; p<0.001). No associations between ET-1 and ICAM-1 concentrations were detected. Depending on the duration of the disease no significant differences in the concentrations of ET-1, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were detected.
Conclusions
The results of this study indicated that ET-1 and VCAM-1 may be assessed together as markers of inflammation and the identification of patients at high risk for disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mauliūtė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine of Biomedical Sciences , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Rita Rugienė
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery , Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Žėkas
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine of Biomedical Sciences , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Loreta Bagdonaitė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine of Biomedical Sciences , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania
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14
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Maayah ZH, Takahara S, Alam AS, Ferdaoussi M, Sutendra G, El-Kadi AOS, Mackey JR, Pituskin E, Paterson DI, Dyck JRB. Breast cancer diagnosis is associated with relative left ventricular hypertrophy and elevated endothelin-1 signaling. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:751. [PMID: 32787791 PMCID: PMC7425133 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival rates of women with breast cancer have improved significantly over the last four decades due to advances in breast cancer early diagnosis and therapy. However, breast cancer survivors have an increased risk of cardiovascular complications following chemotherapy. While this increased risk of later occurring structural cardiac remodeling and/or dysfunction has largely been attributed to the cardiotoxic effects of breast cancer therapies, the effect of the breast tumor itself on the heart prior to cancer treatment has been largely overlooked. Thus, the objectives of this study were to assess the cardiac phenotype in breast cancer patients prior to cancer chemotherapy and to determine the effects of human breast cancer cells on cardiomyocytes. METHODS We investigated left ventricular (LV) function and structure using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in women with breast cancer prior to systemic therapy and a control cohort of women with comparable baseline factors. In addition, we explored how breast cancer cells communicate with the cardiomyocytes using cultured human cardiac and breast cancer cells. RESULTS Our results indicate that even prior to full cancer treatment, breast cancer patients already exhibit relative LV hypertrophy (LVH). We further demonstrate that breast cancer cells likely contribute to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the secretion of soluble factors and that at least one of these factors is endothelin-1. CONCLUSION Overall, the findings of this study suggest that breast cancer cells play a greater role in inducing structural cardiac remodeling than previously appreciated and that tumor-derived endothelin-1 may play a pivotal role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid H Maayah
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 458 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Shingo Takahara
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 458 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Abrar S Alam
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 458 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Mourad Ferdaoussi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 458 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Gopinath Sutendra
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - D Ian Paterson
- Division of Cardiology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 458 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada.
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15
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The endothelin system as target for therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular and renal disease. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:92-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Holmes D, Corr M, Thomas G, Harbinson M, Campbell M, Spiers P, Bell D. Protective effects of intermedin/adrenomedullin-2 in a cellular model of human pulmonary arterial hypertension. Peptides 2020; 126:170267. [PMID: 32017948 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation of pulmonary fibroblasts (PF) and distal migration of smooth muscle cells (PSM) are hallmarks of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Intermedin/adrenomedullin-2 (IMD/AM2) belongs to the Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP)/Adrenomedullin (AM) superfamily. These peptides act via Calcitonin-Like Receptors (CLR) combined with one of three Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). IMD/AM2 is a potent pulmonary vasodilator in animal studies. The aim was to describe expression of IMD/AM2, AM and receptor components in human pulmonary vascular cells and to elucidate effects of IMD/AM2 on human PSM migration and PF proliferation. Gene expression was detected by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and qRT-PCR. Normotension and hypertension were simulated by applying pulsatile mechanical stretch (Flexcell® apparatus). Viable cell numbers were determined by dye exclusion. PSM chemotaxis was measured via Dunn chamber. IMD/AM2 protein was co-expressed with AM and their receptor components in pulmonary artery and microvascular endothelial (PAEC, PMVEC) and non-endothelial cells (PF, PSM), and localised to vesicles. IMD/AM2 was secreted under basal conditions, most abundantly from PF and PMVEC. Secretion from PF and PSM was enhanced by stretch. IMD/AM2 mRNA expression increased in response to hypertensive stretch of PSM. IMD/AM2 inhibited PDGF (10-7 M)-mediated PSM migration maximally at 3 × 10-10 M and PF proliferation maximally at 3 × 10-9 M. Angiotensin II (5 × 10-8 M), normotensive and hypertensive stretch augmented PF proliferation. IMD/AM2 (10-9 M) abolished the proliferative effects of Angiotensin II and normotensive stretch and attenuated the proliferative effect of hypertensive stretch alone and combined with angiotensin II. These findings indicate an important counter-regulatory role for IMD/AM2 in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Holmes
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Corr
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Thomas
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Harbinson
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Campbell
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Spiers
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - David Bell
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
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17
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Ozen G, Benyahia C, Amgoud Y, Patel J, Abdelazeem H, Bouhadoun A, Yung S, Li F, Mahieddine Y, Silverstein AM, Castier Y, Cazes A, Longrois D, Clapp LH, Norel X. Interaction between PGI2 and ET-1 pathways in vascular smooth muscle from Group-III pulmonary hypertension patients. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 146:106388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Pons S, Arnaud M, Loiselle M, Arrii E, Azoulay E, Zafrani L. Immune Consequences of Endothelial Cells' Activation and Dysfunction During Sepsis. Crit Care Clin 2020; 36:401-413. [PMID: 32172821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium provides a direct interface between circulating blood cells and parenchymal cells. Thus, it has a key role in vasomotor tone regulation, primary hemostasis, vascular barrier, and immunity. In the case of systemic inflammation, endothelial cell (EC) activation initiates a powerful innate immune response to eliminate the pathogen. In some specific conditions, ECs may also contribute to the activation of adaptive immunity and the recruitment of antigen-specific lymphocytes. However, the loss of EC functions or an exaggerated activation of ECs during sepsis can lead to multiorgan failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Pons
- INSERM U976, Saint-Louis Teaching Hospital, 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris 75010, France
| | - Marine Arnaud
- INSERM U976, Saint-Louis Teaching Hospital, 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris 75010, France
| | - Maud Loiselle
- INSERM U976, Saint-Louis Teaching Hospital, 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris 75010, France
| | - Eden Arrii
- INSERM U976, Saint-Louis Teaching Hospital, 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris 75010, France
| | - Elie Azoulay
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Saint-Louis Teaching Hospital, 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris 75010, France
| | - Lara Zafrani
- INSERM U976, Saint-Louis Teaching Hospital, 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris 75010, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Saint-Louis Teaching Hospital, 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris 75010, France.
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19
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Fujii T, Yamasaki R, Kira JI. Novel Neuropathic Pain Mechanisms Associated With Allergic Inflammation. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1337. [PMID: 31920952 PMCID: PMC6928142 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are associated with central and peripheral nervous system diseases such as autism spectrum disorders and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, which frequently causes mononeuritis multiplex. Thus, it is possible that patients with an atopic constitution might develop multifocal inflammation in central and peripheral nervous system tissues. In a previous study in Japan, we reported a rare form of myelitis with persistent neuropathic pain (NeP) in patients with allergic disorders. However, the underlying mechanism of allergic inflammation-related NeP remains to be elucidated. First, we analyzed the effect of allergic inflammation on the nociceptive system in the spinal cord. Mice with atopy showed microglial and astroglial activation in the spinal cord and tactile allodynia. In a microarray analysis of isolated microglia from the spinal cord, endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) was the most upregulated cell surface receptor in mice with atopy. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated EDNRB expression was upregulated in microglia and astroglia. The EDNRB antagonist BQ788 abolished glial activation and allodynia. These findings indicated that allergic inflammation induced widespread glial activation through the EDNRB pathway and NeP. Second, we investigated whether autoantibody-mediated pathogenesis underlies allergic inflammation-related NeP. We detected specific autoantibodies to small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and their nerve terminals in the dorsal horns of NeP patients with allergic disorders. An analysis of IgG subclasses revealed a predominance of IgG2. These autoantibodies were mostly colocalized with isolectin B4- and P2X3-positive unmyelinated C-fiber type small DRG neurons. By contrast, immunostaining for S100β, a myelinated DRG neuron marker, showed no colocalization with patient IgG. Immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified plexin D1 as a target autoantigen. Patients with anti-plexin D1 antibodies often present with burning pain and thermal hyperalgesia. Immunotherapies, including plasma exchange, are effective for NeP management. Therefore, anti-plexin D1 antibodies may be pathogenic for immune-mediated NeP, especially under allergic inflammation conditions. Thus, allergic inflammation may induce NeP through glial inflammation in the spinal cord and the anti-plexin D1 antibody-mediated impairment of small DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Fujii
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Neurological Institute, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Neurological Institute, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kira
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Neurological Institute, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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20
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Planes N, Vanderheyden PPML, Gratton E, Caballero-George C. Image mean square displacement to study the lateral mobility of Angiotensin II type 1 and Endothelin 1 type A receptors on living cells. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:381-392. [PMID: 31837080 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The lateral mobility of membrane receptors provides insights into the molecular interactions of protein binding and the complex dynamic plasma membrane. The image mean square displacement (iMSD) analysis is a method used to extract qualitative and quantitative information of the protein diffusion law and infers how diffusion dynamic processes may change when the cellular environment is modified. The aim of the study was to describe the membrane diffusing properties of two G-protein-coupled receptors namely Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1 ) and Endothelin 1 type A (ETA ) receptors and their corresponding receptor-ligand complexes in living cells using total internal reflection fluorescent microscopy and iMSD analysis. This study showed that both AT1 and ETA receptors displayed a mix of three modes of diffusion: free, confined, and partially confined. The confined mode was the predominant at the plasma membrane of living cells and was not affected by ligand binding. However, the local diffusivity and the confinement zone of AT1 receptors were reduced by the binding of its antagonist losartan, and the long-range diffusion with the local diffusivity coefficient of ETA receptors was reduced upon exposure to its antagonist BQ123. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study addressing the protein diffusion laws of these two receptors on living cells using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and iMSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Planes
- Center of Innovation and Technology Transfer, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City, Panama.,Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Catherina Caballero-George
- Center of Innovation and Technology Transfer, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City, Panama
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21
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Low-Fat Diet Designed for Weight Loss But Not Weight Maintenance Improves Nitric Oxide-Dependent Arteriolar Vasodilation in Obese Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061339. [PMID: 31207908 PMCID: PMC6627594 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with microvascular dysfunction. While low-fat diet improves cardiovascular risk, its contributions on microvascular function, independent of weight loss, is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation in microvessels is improved by low-fat diets designed for weight loss (LFWL) compared to low-fat weight maintenance (LFWM) diet. Obese adults were randomly assigned to either a LFWL diet (n = 11) or LFWM diet (n = 10) for six weeks. Microvessels were obtained from gluteal subcutaneous fat biopsies before and after the intervention for vascular reactivity measurements to acetylcholine (Ach) and flow, with and without L-NAME or indomethacin. Vascular and serum NO and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also measured. LFWL diet increased flow-induced (FID) and ACh-induced dilation (AChID); an effect that was inhibited by L-NAME. Conversely, LFWM diet did not affect FID or AChID. Indomethacin improved FID and AChID in the baseline and this effect was minimized in response to both diets. Serum NO or CRP did not change in response to either diet. In conclusion, LFWL diet improves microvascular reactivity compared to LFWM diet and increased vascular NO contribution to the improved microvascular dilation. These data suggest that weight reduction on low fat diet is critical for microvascular health.
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22
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Lopes Junior E, Leite HP, Konstantyner T. Selenium and selenoproteins: from endothelial cytoprotection to clinical outcomes. Transl Res 2019; 208:85-104. [PMID: 30738860 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of the vascular endothelium in inflammation was demonstrated experimentally through biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and cytoprotection. Selenium is a trace element essential for cell protection against oxidative lesions triggered by reactive oxygen species or inflammatory responses. Preclinical studies have demonstrated a relationship between adhesion molecules as biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and selenoproteins as biomarkers of selenium status under conditions that mimic different diseases. Most studies in humans indicate an association between selenium deficiency and increased risk of morbidity and mortality, yet the pathophysiology of selenium in endothelial activation remains unknown. Here, we summarize selenium-dependent endothelial function evaluation techniques and focus on the role of selenium in endothelial cytoprotection according to current scientific knowledge. Most studies on the role of selenium in endothelial processes show selenium-dependent endothelial functions and explain how cells and tissues adapt to inflammatory insults. Taken together, these studies show an increase in adhesion molecules and a decrease in the expression of selenoproteins following a decreased exposure to selenium. Few clinical trials have enough methodological quality to be included in meta-analysis on the benefits of selenium supplementation. Furthermore, the methodology adopted in many studies does not consider the relevant findings on the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction. Preclinical studies should be more frequently integrated into clinical studies to provide clearer views on the role of selenium status in endothelial cytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Lopes Junior
- Discipline of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heitor Pons Leite
- Discipline of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Tulio Konstantyner
- Discipline of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Li J, Lai H, Chen S, Kickler T, Lai S. Cocaine use modifies the association between antiretroviral therapy and endothelial dysfunction among adults with HIV infection. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1660-1667. [PMID: 31144332 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine is commonly used among HIV-infected people and may worsen HIV disease progression. In addition, existing evidence suggests a link between antiretroviral regimens and endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to examine whether the associations of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens with endothelial dysfunction may be modified by cocaine use in adults with HIV infection. Between 2003 and 2014, 466 HIV-positive participants residing in Baltimore, Maryland, were enrolled in a study investigating comorbidities associated with HIV/ART. The associations between various risk factors and endothelial dysfunction indicators were examined by robust regression models fitted for the overall subjects and cocaine subgroups, separately. Duration of nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based therapy was negatively associated with plasma vWF:Ag levels in cocaine non-users (β = -.715, SE = .220, P < .05). However, cocaine users on longer-term NNRTI-based regimens had greater plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations than their counterparts (β = .003, SE = .001, P < .05). In addition, current cigarette smoking was significantly positively associated with ET-1 concentrations in both cocaine non-users (β = .609, SE = .164, P < .05) and cocaine users (β = .331, SE = .086, P < .05). In conclusion, cocaine use modified the potential effects of NNRTI-based therapy on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. These findings suggested that reduction in cocaine use may improve endothelial function in HIV-infected cocaine users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hong Lai
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shaoguang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas Kickler
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shenghan Lai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Chong JH, Ghosh AK. Coronary Artery Vasospasm Induced by 5-fluorouracil: Proposed Mechanisms, Existing Management Options and Future Directions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 14:89-94. [PMID: 31178935 PMCID: PMC6545978 DOI: 10.15420/icr.2019.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and cancer are leading contributors to the global disease burden. As a result of cancer therapy-related cardiotoxicities, cardiovascular disease results in significant morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors and patients with active cancer. There is an unmet need for management of cardio-oncology conditions, which is predicted to reach epidemic proportions, and better understanding of their pathophysiology and treatment is urgently required. The proposed mechanisms underlying cardiotoxicity induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are vascular endothelial damage followed by thrombus formation, ischaemia secondary to coronary artery vasospasm, direct toxicity on myocardium and thrombogenicity. In patients with angina and electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischaemia due to chemotherapy-related coronary artery vasospasm, termination of chemotherapy and administration of calcium channel blockers or nitrates can improve ischaemic symptoms. However, coronary artery vasospasm can reoccur with 5-FU re-administration with limited effectiveness of vasodilator prophylaxis observed. While pre-existing coronary artery disease may increase the ischaemic potential of 5-FU, cardiovascular risk factors do not appear to completely predict the development of cardiac complications. Pharmacogenomic studies and genetic profiling may help predict the occurrence and streamline the treatment of 5-FU-induced coronary artery vasospasm. Echocardiographic measures such as the Tei index may help detect subclinical 5-FU cardiotoxicity. Further research is required to explore the cardioprotective effect of agents such as coenzyme complex, GLP-1 analogues and degradation inhibitors on 5-FU-induced coronary artery vasospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hua Chong
- Cardio-Oncology Service, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital London, UK
| | - Arjun K Ghosh
- Cardio-Oncology Service, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital London, UK.,Cardio-Oncology Service, University College London Hospital, Hatter Cardiovascular Institute London, UK
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Milisic E, Hiros M, Begic E. Variations in Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Serum Levels in Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy-Treated Patients. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2019; 9:80-84. [PMID: 31041169 PMCID: PMC6477956 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_331_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Renal vasculature is extremely sensitive to vasoconstrictor effects of endothelin (ET), while nitric oxide (NO) has special role in several pathological renal conditions. Aim: The aim of this study to examine the presence, character, and degree of changes in NO and ET levels in the serum of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)-treated patients with nephrolithiasis. Patients and Methods: This study included a total of 60 patients that were divided in two groups: Group I (n = 24), in which a total of 2000SWs were administered; 0–2 units; (0.5 units per each 500SWs), and Group II (n = 36), in which a total of 4000SWs were administered; 0–4 units; (0.5 units per each 500SWs). Results: In the Group I median NO serum concentration increased in relation to pretreatment levels (39.04 ± 8.29 μmol/L) specifically 30 min, 60 min, and 24 h following the treatment (39.11 ± 12.60), (41.80 ± 6.89), and (46.33 ± 9.03), where concentration growth after 24 h was statistically significant P < 0.01. The NO serum concentration in the Group II increased in relation to pretreatment levels (38.90 ± 10.33 μmol/L) after 30 min (48.71 ± 30.09), 60 min (54.57 ± 39.76), and 24 h (97.95 ± 72.07). The NO concentration increase after 60 min and 24 h is statistically significant, respectively, P < 0.03 and P < 0.0001. Conclusion: NO and ET serum levels are changing under the influence of ESWL, and that the NO and ET changes are directly correlated with the number of administered shock waves and administered energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Milisic
- Department for Pediatric Surgery, Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, University Clinical Center Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mustafa Hiros
- Department for Urology, Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Edin Begic
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital "Prim. Dr. Abdulah Nakas", Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Endothelin-1/nitric oxide balance and HOMA index in children with excess weight and hypertension: a pathophysiological model of hypertension. Hypertens Res 2019; 42:1192-1199. [PMID: 30923371 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between endothelin-1, nitric oxide, insulin resistance, and blood pressure in young subjects with a high prevalence of excess weight and/or elevated blood pressure. In a cohort of 238 children (mean age = 11.1 years), height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were assessed. Body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, and blood pressure percentiles were calculated, and the children were classified as having excess weight and elevated blood pressure according to the International Obesity Task Force and the US blood pressure nomograms specific for gender, age and height, respectively. Endothelin-1 and nitric oxide production were assessed, and the homeostatic model assessment index was calculated. Forty-three percent of children were male, 71% had excess weight, and 37% had systolic and/or diastolic values above the ninetieth percentile. Plasma endothelin-1 and nitric oxide production were independently correlated (p < 0.05). In multivariate analyses, the HOMA index was associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.01), and nitric oxide was independently related to diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.04), even after adjustment for measures of body composition. By using the waist-to-height ratio instead of BMI in the statistical model, the association between the homeostatic model assessment index and blood pressure was attenuated, while the results remained similar for nitric oxide. No correlation was found between endothelin-1 and blood pressure. In our study population, the correlation between nitric oxide and blood pressure and the lack of a relationship between endothelin-1 and blood pressure could be explained by an increase in the vasodilator effect of local and systemic nitric oxide, which counteracts the possible hypertensive effect of endothelin-1.
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Gergei I, Krämer BK, Scharnagl H, Stojakovic T, März W. Renal function, N-terminal Pro-B-Type natriuretic peptide, propeptide big-endothelin and patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Peptides 2019; 111:112-117. [PMID: 29684593 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Renal dysfunction may limit the clinical application of NT-proBNP in the diagnosis of heart failure. In general practice, where echocardiography is not readily available, a biomarker for the diagnosis of a heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) would be useful. Since cardiac diseases frequently coincide with renal disease, there is a high need of valid risk stratification methods in patients affected with both. We therefore examined NT-proBNP and another biomarker, Big-Endothelin-1, as a marker of HFpEF in patients with CKD. NT-proBNP and Big-ET-1 were determined in 439 patients with HFpEF in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. NT-proBNP plasma level has shown an exponential increase with declining GFR, while Big-ET-1 plasma level increased only in a moderate and linear fashion. In patients without CKD, a NT-proBNP cut-off point at 250 pg/mL was suitable for the discrimination between HFpEF and patients without HF. When the GFR was less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2, the NT-proBNP cut-off point should be raised to 750 pg/mL. At a cutoff point at 0.85 fmol/L, Big-ET-1 allowed to distinguish patients with HFpEF from persons without HF, independently of GFR. In general, NT-proBNP is a good indicator of suspected heart failure. While for NT-proBNP different cut-off points have to be considered in the diagnosis of HFpEF, a single cut-off point of Big-ET-1 was appropriate in the diagnosis of HFpEF, regardless of the presence or absence of CKD. An additional measurement of Big-ET-1 improves the diagnosis of HFpEF in patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Gergei
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Augsburg and Mannheim, Germany
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Aydin AF, Vural P, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Çil E. The endothelin 1 and endothelin receptor A gene polymorphisms increase the risk of developing papillary thyroid cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:199-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Cornelissen A, Vogt FJ. The effects of stenting on coronary endothelium from a molecular biological view: Time for improvement? J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:39-46. [PMID: 30353645 PMCID: PMC6307786 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery stenting following balloon angioplasty represents the gold standard in revascularization of coronary artery stenoses. However, stent deployment as well as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) alone causes severe injury of vascular endothelium. The damaged endothelium is intrinsically repaired by locally derived endothelial cells and by circulating endothelial progenitor cells from the blood, leading to re‐population of the denuded regions within several weeks to months. However, the process of re‐endothelialization is often incomplete or dysfunctional, promoting in‐stent thrombosis and restenosis. The molecular and biomechanical mechanisms that influence the process of re‐endothelialization in stented segments are incompletely understood. Once the endothelium is restored, endothelial function might still be impaired. Several strategies have been followed to improve endothelial function after coronary stenting. In this review, the effects of stenting on coronary endothelium are outlined and current and future strategies to improve endothelial function after stent deployment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cornelissen
- Department of Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology, and Internal Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Jan Vogt
- Department of Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology, and Internal Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Men and women differ in the prevalence, pathophysiology and control rate of hypertension in an age-dependent manner. The renal endothelin system plays a central role in sex differences in blood pressure regulation by control of sodium excretion and vascular function. Improving our understanding of the sex differences in the endothelin system, especially in regard to blood pressure regulation and sodium homeostasis, will fill a significant gap in our knowledge and may identify sex-specific therapeutic targets for management of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS The current review will highlight evidence for the potential role for endothelin system in the pathophysiology of hypertension within three female populations: (i) postmenopausal women, (ii) women suffering from preeclampsia, or (iii) pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clinical trials that specifically address cardiovascular and renal diseases in females under different hormonal status are limited. Studies of the modulatory role of gonadal hormones and sex-specific mechanisms on critically important systems involved, such as endothelin, are needed to establish new clinical practice guidelines based on systematic evidence.
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Anggorowati N, Ghozali A, Widodo I, Sari DCR, Mansyur Romi M, Arfian N. Upregulation of Endothelin-1/Endothelin A Receptor Expression Correlates with Heparanase Expression in Ovarian Carcinoma. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 43:286-295. [PMID: 29892146 PMCID: PMC5993895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparanase and endothelin-1/endothelin A receptor (ET-1/ETAR) expressions increase in cancer. This condition enhances tumor progression and correlates with poor survival. Limited data are documented regarding the role of heparanase and ET-1/ETAR in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We sought to characterize the correlation between heparanase and ET-1/ETAR in EOC. METHODS Thirty patients with benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms were recruited in this study. Neoplasm subtypes were diagnosed by pathologists. RNA extraction was done in fresh frozen neoplasms while immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was done on ETAR, heparanase, and proliferation (Ki-67 antigen) in paraffin sections. Reverse transcriptase PCR was done to quantify the expression of preproET-1 (ppET-1), ETAR, and heparanase. ETAR and heparanase histoscores were done based on IHC staining. The Independent Samples t Test, ANOVA, and correlations were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Heparanase and ETAR histoscores, ppET-1 and ETAR mRNA levels, and Ki-67 were significantly higher in the group with EOC than in the benign or borderline group, regardless of the histopathological types. The heparanase histoscore correlated with the ETAR histoscore (r=0.484, P=0.007) and the ETAR mRNA level (r=0.551, P=0.003). The level of ppET-1 mRNA correlated with both ETAR mRNA level and ETAR histoscore (r=0.603, P=0.001 and r=0.455, P=028, respectively). The ovarian neoplasms with high ppET-1 mRNA levels also tended to have high heparanase mRNA levels; however, the correlation was weak (r=0.354, P=0.07). Ki-67 correlated with the heparanase and ETAR histoscores (r=0.381, P=0.038 and r=0.477, P=0.008, respectively). CONCLUSION Heparanase and ETAR were upregulated in EOC, and the correlation between heparanase and ETAR expressions was also elucidated in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nungki Anggorowati
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Ghozali
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irianiwati Widodo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Muhammad Mansyur Romi
- Department of Anatomy, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Sardjito Hospital, Yoyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nur Arfian
- Department of Anatomy, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Sardjito Hospital, Yoyakarta, Indonesia
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Brook N, Brook E, Dharmarajan A, Dass CR, Chan A. Breast cancer bone metastases: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:63-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
Transcriptome analysis is a powerful tool in the study of pulmonary vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension is a disease process that consists of several unique pathologies sharing a common clinical definition, that of elevated pressure within the pulmonary circulation. As such, it has become increasingly important to identify both similarities and differences among the different classes of pulmonary hypertension. Transcriptome analysis has been an invaluable tool both in the basic science research on animal models as well as clinical research among the various different groups of pulmonary hypertension. This work has identified new potential candidate genes, implicated numerous biochemical and molecular pathways in diseased onset and progression, developed gene signatures to appropriately classify types of pulmonary hypertension and severity of illness, and identified novel gene mutations leading to hereditary forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R Fraidenburg
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roberto F Machado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Felice F, Belardinelli E, Frullini A, Santoni T, Imbalzano E, Di Stefano R. Effect of aminaphtone on in vitro vascular permeability and capillary-like maintenance. Phlebology 2017; 33:592-599. [PMID: 29059024 DOI: 10.1177/0268355517737662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Aminaphtone, a naphtohydrochinone used in the treatment of capillary disorders, may affect oedema in chronic venous insufficiency. Aim of study is to investigate the effect of aminaphtone on vascular endothelial permeability in vitro and its effects on three-dimensional capillary-like structures formed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Method Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with 50 ng/ml VEGF for 2 h and aminaphtone for 6 h. Permeability assay, VE-cadherin expression and Matrigel assay were performed. Results VEGF-induced permeability was significantly decreased by aminaphtone in a range concentration of 1-20 µg/ml. Aminaphtone restored VE-cadherin expression. Finally, 6 h pre-treatment with aminaphtone significantly preserved capillary-like structures formed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells on Matrigel up to 48 h compared to untreated cells. Conclusions Aminaphtone significantly protects endothelium permeability and stabilises endothelial cells organised in capillary-like structures, modulating VE-cadherin expression. These data might explain the clinical benefit of aminaphtone on chronic venous insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Felice
- 1 Department of Surgical Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critic Area, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ester Belardinelli
- 1 Department of Surgical Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critic Area, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Tatiana Santoni
- 1 Department of Surgical Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critic Area, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Egidio Imbalzano
- 3 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Gazzi, Messina, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Stefano
- 1 Department of Surgical Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critic Area, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
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Vural P, Kabaca G, Firat RD, Degirmencioglu S. Administration of Selenium Decreases Lipid Peroxidation and Increases Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes Mellitus. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:452-460. [PMID: 28836407 PMCID: PMC5570410 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2017.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant status plays a pivotal role in diabetes
mellitus (DM). Selenium is a integral component of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione
peroxidase. Se treatment induces angiogenesis and improves endothelial function through
increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The aim of this study
is to investigate the effect of selenium on oxidative stress, VEGF, and endothelin 1 (ET1)
in a DM rat model.
Materials and Methods We performed an experimental animal study with 64 adult male
Wistar-Albino rats. Rats were divided into the following groups (n=8): control (C)7, C21,
C+sodium selenite (Se)7, and C+Se21 (control rats), and DM7, DM21, DM+Se7, and
DM+Se21 (diabetic rats). Diabetes was induced by 2-deoxy-2-(3-methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-
D-glucopyranose [streptozotocin (STZ)]. Three weeks after STZ, DM+Se7 rats received
intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 0.4 mg/kg Se for 7 days. The DM+Se21 rats received
these injections for 21 days. The same dose/duration of Se was administered to the
C+Se7 and C+Se21 groups. The remaining rats (C7, C21, DM7, DM21) received physi-
ologic saline injections for 7 or 21 days. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), malon-
dialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and endothelial function
markers (VEGF and ET1) in plasma samples were measured.
Results Diabetic rats (DM7 and DM21) had significantly increased plasma FRAP
(P=0.002, P=0.001), AOPP (P=0.024, P=0.01), MDA (P=0.004, P=0.001), and ET1
(P=0.028, P=0.003) levels compared with C7 and C21 control rats. VEGF (P=0.02, P=0.01)
significantly decreased in DM7 and DM21 diabetic rats compared with their controls (C7,
C21). Se administration reversed the increased MDA and decreased VEGF levels, and
lowered plasma glucose levels in the DM+Se7 and DM+Se21 diabetic groups compared
with diabetic rats (DM7, DM21). We observed positive correlations between FRAP-AOPP
(r=0.460), FRAP-ET1 (r=0.510), AOPP-MDA (r=0.270), and AOPP-ET1 (r=0.407), and a
negative correlation between MDA-VEGF (r=-0.314).
Conclusion We observed accentuated oxidative stress and impaired endothelial
function in diabetes. Se treatment reduced lipid peroxidation and hyperglycemia. Se
probably improved endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats because of the increased
VEGF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pervinl Vural
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gulcan Kabaca
- Department of Oral Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refia Deniz Firat
- Department of Oral Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgin Degirmencioglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Plumbagin Alleviates Capillarization of Hepatic Sinusoids In Vitro by Downregulating ET-1, VEGF, LN, and Type IV Collagen. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5603216. [PMID: 28770223 PMCID: PMC5523349 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5603216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Critical roles for liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in liver fibrosis have been demonstrated, while little is known regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms of drugs delivered to the LSECs. Our previous study revealed that plumbagin plays an antifibrotic role in liver fibrosis. In this study, we investigated whether plumbagin alleviates capillarization of hepatic sinusoids by downregulating endothelin-1 (ET-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), laminin (LN), and type IV collagen on leptin-stimulated LSECs. We found that normal LSECs had mostly open fenestrae and no organized basement membrane. Leptin-stimulated LSECs showed the formation of a continuous basement membrane with few open fenestrae, which were the features of capillarization. Expression of ET-1, VEGF, LN, and type IV collagen was enhanced in leptin-stimulated LSECs. Plumbagin was used to treat leptin-stimulated LSECs. The sizes and numbers of open fenestrae were markedly decreased, and no basement membrane production was found after plumbagin administration. Plumbagin decreased the levels of ET-1, VEGF, LN, and type IV collagen in leptin-stimulated LSECs. Plumbagin promoted downregulation of ET-1, VEGF, LN, and type IV collagen mRNA. Altogether, our data reveal that plumbagin reverses capillarization of hepatic sinusoids by downregulation of ET-1, VEGF, LN, and type IV collagen.
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Amygdalar Endothelin-1 Regulates Pyramidal Neuron Excitability and Affects Anxiety. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2316. [PMID: 28539637 PMCID: PMC5443782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An abnormal neuronal activity in the amygdala is involved in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. However, little is known about the mechanisms. High-anxiety mice and low-anxiety mice, representing the innate extremes of anxiety-related behaviors, were first grouped according to their anxiety levels in the elevated plus maze test. We found that the mRNA for endothelin-1 (ET1) and ET1 B-type receptors (ETBRs) in the amygdala was down-regulated in high-anxiety mice compared with low-anxiety mice. Knocking down basolateral amygdala (BLA) ET1 expression enhanced anxiety-like behaviors, whereas over-expressing ETBRs, but not A-type receptors (ETARs), had an anxiolytic effect. The combined down-regulation of ETBR and ET1 had no additional anxiogenic effect compared to knocking down the ETBR gene alone, suggesting that BLA ET1 acts through ETBRs to regulate anxiety-like behaviors. To explore the mechanism underlying this phenomenon further, we verified that most of the ET1 and the ET1 receptors in the BLA were expressed in pyramidal neurons. The ET1–ETBR signaling pathway decreased the firing frequencies and threshold currents for the action potentials of BLA pyramidal neurons but did not alter BLA synaptic neurotransmission. Together, these results indicate that amygdalar ET1-ETBR signaling could attenuate anxiety-like behaviors by directly decreasing the excitability of glutamatergic neurons.
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Ma WL, Liu R, Huang LH, Zou C, Huang J, Wang J, Chen SJ, Meng XG, Yang JK, Li H, Yang GP, Guo CX. Impact of polymorphisms in angiogenesis-related genes on clinical outcomes of radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:539-548. [PMID: 28199751 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Le Ma
- Centre of Clinical Pharmacology; the Third Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Li-Hua Huang
- Centre of Clinical Pharmacology; the Third Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Chan Zou
- Centre of Clinical Pharmacology; the Third Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jie Huang
- Centre of Clinical Pharmacology; the Third Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangxi Province Tumour Hospital; Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Shao-Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology; Fourth Affiliated Hospital; Guangxi Medical University; Liuzhou Guangxi China
| | - Xiang-Guang Meng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Drug Research; Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital; Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Jing-Ke Yang
- Department of Haematology; Affiliated Cancer Hospital; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Han Li
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine; Nanyang Institute of Technology; Nanyang Henan China
| | - Guo-Ping Yang
- Centre of Clinical Pharmacology; the Third Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Cheng-Xian Guo
- Centre of Clinical Pharmacology; the Third Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
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Hu LW, Wang X, Jiang XQ, Xu LQ, Pan HY. In vivo and in vitro study of osteogenic potency of endothelin-1 on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 357:25-32. [PMID: 28432001 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a major source of osteoblasts and are crucial for bone remolding and repair and thus they are widely used for tissue engineering applications. Tissue engineering in combination with gene therapy is considered as a promising approach in new bone regeneration. Endothelin-1(EDN-1)is produced by vascular endothelial cells which plays an important role during bone development. However, its role in BMSCs remains largely unknown. We established EDN-1 overexpressed BMSCs, proliferation ability and osteogenesis differentiation were detected respectively. Transduced BMSCs were then combined with CPC-scaffold to repair calvarial defects in rats to evaluate the in-vivo osteogenic potential of EDN-1. EDN-1 overexpressed BMSCs showed increased proliferation and significantly increased osteogenesis potential ability than vector transfected control. The in-vivo data also revealed more new bone formation with higher bone mineral density and number of trabeculae in EDN-1 overexpressed BMSCs. These findings have demonstrated the influence of EDN-1 on differentiation potential of BMSCs, which suggest that EDN-1 may be a new promising agent for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Wei Hu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, PR China; Oral Bioengineering Laboratory/Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Oral Bioengineering Laboratory/Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Xin-Qun Jiang
- Oral Bioengineering Laboratory/Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Li-Qun Xu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, PR China.
| | - Hong-Ya Pan
- Oral Bioengineering Laboratory/Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China.
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Molecular analysis of vascular smooth muscle cells from patients with giant cell arteritis: Targeting endothelin-1 receptor to control proliferation. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:398-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Chen M, Shu S, Yan HH, Pei L, Wang ZF, Wan Q, Bi LL. Hippocampal Endothelin-1 decreases excitability of pyramidal neurons and produces anxiolytic effects. Neuropharmacology 2017; 118:242-250. [PMID: 28302570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders contribute to the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases, including major depression, substance abuse, and schizophrenia. The hippocampus is important for anxiety modulation. However, the mechanisms that control the neuronal activity of the hippocampus in anxiety are still not clear. We found that Endothelin-1 (ET1) mRNA in the hippocampus was down-regulated in high-anxiety mice. Neutralizing endogenous ET1 in the hippocampal CA1 enhanced anxiety-like behaviors. We next revealed that most expression of ET1 and its receptors in the CA1 takes place in pyramidal neurons, and the ET1 signaling pathway directly regulated the excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons and glutamatergic synaptic neurotransmission. Finally, we proved that neutralizing endogenous CA1 ET1 produces anxiogenic effects on low-anxiety mice, whereas infusing exogenous ET1 into the CA1 alleviates the anxiety susceptibility of high-anxiety mice. Together, these results indicate that ET1 signaling is critical in maintaining the excitability of glutamatergic neurons in the hippocampus and, thus, in modulating anxiety-like behaviors. Because ET1 is a risk factor for ischemic stroke, our findings might also help to explain the potential mechanism of emotional abnormality in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shu Shu
- The Institute for Brain Research (IBR), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huan-Huan Yan
- The Institute for Brain Research (IBR), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lei Pei
- The Institute for Brain Research (IBR), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lin-Lin Bi
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Abstract
Exposure to air pollution negatively impacts cardiovascular health. Studies show that increased exposure to a number of airborne pollutants increases the risk for cardiovascular disease progression, myocardial events, and cardiovascular mortality. A hypothesized mechanism linking air pollution and cardiovascular disease is the development of systemic inflammation and endothelium dysfunction, the latter of which can result from an imbalance of vasoactive factors within the vasculature. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent peptide vasoconstrictor that plays a significant role in regulating vascular homeostasis. It has been reported that the production and function of ET-1 and its receptors are upregulated in a number of disease states associated with endothelium dysfunction including hypertension and atherosclerosis. This mini-review surveys epidemiological and experimental air pollution studies focused on ET-1 dysregulation as a plausible mechanism underlying the development of cardiovascular disease. Although alterations in ET-1 system components are observed in some studies, there remains a need for future research to clarify whether these specific changes are compensatory or causally related to vascular injury and dysfunction. Moreover, further research may test the efficacy of selective ET-1 pharmacological interventions (e.g., ETA receptor inhibitors) to determine whether these treatments could impede the deleterious impact of air pollution exposure on cardiovascular health.
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Mudrovcic N, Arefin S, Van Craenenbroeck AH, Kublickiene K. Endothelial maintenance in health and disease: Importance of sex differences. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:48-60. [PMID: 28108363 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium has emerged as more than just an inert monolayer of cells lining the vascular bed. It represents the interface between the blood stream and vessel wall, and has a strategic role in regulating vascular homeostasis by the release of vasoactive substances. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Recognition of sex-specific factors implicated in endothelial cell biology is important for the identification of clinically relevant preventive and/or therapeutic strategies. This review aims to give an overview of the recent advances in understanding the importance of sex specific observations in endothelial maintenance, both in healthy and diseased conditions. The female endothelium is highlighted in the context of polycystic ovary syndrome and pre-eclampsia. Furthermore, sex differences are explored in chronic kidney disease, which is currently appreciated as one of public health priorities. Overall, this review endorses integration of sex analysis in experimental and patient-oriented research in the exciting field of vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neja Mudrovcic
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Division of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samsul Arefin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Division of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amaryllis H Van Craenenbroeck
- Department of Nephrology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Division of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Gender Medicine, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Tamma R, Ribatti D. Bone Niches, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, and Vessel Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010151. [PMID: 28098778 PMCID: PMC5297784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is a source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs are localized in both the endosteum, in the so-called endosteal niche, and close to thin-walled and fenestrated sinusoidal vessel in the center of BM, in the so-called vascular niche. HSCs give rise to all types of mature blood cells through a process finely controlled by numerous signals emerging from the bone marrow niches where HSCs reside. This review will focus on the description of the role of BM niches in the control of the fate of HSCs and will also highlight the role of the BM niches in the regulation of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Moreover, alterations of the signals in niche microenvironment are involved in many aspects of tumor progression and vascularization and further knowledge could provide the basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy.
- National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy.
- National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Cervar-Zivkovic M, Hu C, Barton A, Sadovsky Y, Desoye G, Lang U, Nelson DM. Endothelin-1 Attenuates Apoptosis in Cultured Trophoblasts From Term Human Placentas. Reprod Sci 2016; 14:430-9. [PMID: 17913962 DOI: 10.1177/1933719107305801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The authors test the hypothesis that endothelin-1 (ET-1) modulates apoptosis in human term trophoblasts. Primary cultures of cytotrophoblasts from term human placentas (n = 5) were cultured for 16 hours total or 24 hours prior to harvest at 72 hours in atmospheres of <1%, 8%, and 20% oxygen, in the presence of 10% serum, ET-1 (1-100 pmol/mL), both, or neither. The apoptotic cleavage products of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase and cytokeratin 18 filaments were quantified by Western analysis and immunocytochemistry. The expression of BAD, pBAD-serine 112, p53, and 2 isoforms of MDM2 were quantified by immunoblotting, and endothelin A and B receptors were analyzed by immunocytochemistry. Compared to vehicle control, increasing concentrations of ET-1 reduce by 3- to 6-fold the level of apoptosis in cytotrophoblasts exposed to serum-free conditions at 20% oxygen. Similarly, syncytiotrophoblast cultures grown for 24 hours without serum in 100 pmol/mL ET-1 show a 3-fold lower level of apoptosis compared with vehicle control. ET-1 significantly reduces apoptosis in cultures exposed to 20% oxygen but not in cultures exposed to 8% or 1% oxygen. The effect of ET-1 on apoptosis in 20% oxygen is accompanied by reduced p53 expression and is correlated with enhanced expression of endothelin B receptor, compared to cultures in 8% or 1% oxygen. ET-1 reduces apoptosis in cultured human trophoblasts, and this finding suggests a role for ET-1 in protecting trophoblasts against injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cervar-Zivkovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Chan EAW, Buckley B, Farraj AK, Thompson LC. The heart as an extravascular target of endothelin-1 in particulate matter-induced cardiac dysfunction. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 165:63-78. [PMID: 27222357 PMCID: PMC6390286 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter air pollution has been causally linked to cardiovascular disease in humans. Several broad and overlapping hypotheses describing the biological mechanisms by which particulate matter exposure leads to cardiovascular disease have been explored, although linkage with specific factors or genes remains limited. These hypotheses may or may not also lead to particulate matter-induced cardiac dysfunction. Evidence pointing to autocrine/paracrine signaling systems as modulators of cardiac dysfunction has increased interest in the emerging role of endothelins as mediators of cardiac function following particulate matter exposure. Endothelin-1, a well-described small peptide expressed in the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems, is best known for its ability to constrict blood vessels, although it can also induce extravascular effects. Research on the role of endothelins in the context of air pollution has largely focused on vascular effects, with limited investigation of responses resulting from the direct effects of endothelins on cardiac tissue. This represents a significant knowledge gap in air pollution health effects research, given the abundance of endothelin receptors found on cardiac tissue and the ability of endothelin-1 to modulate cardiac contractility, heart rate, and rhythm. The plausibility of endothelin-1 as a mediator of particulate matter-induced cardiac dysfunction is further supported by the therapeutic utility of certain endothelin receptor antagonists. The present review examines the possibility that endothelin-1 release caused by exposure to PM directly modulates extravascular effects on the heart, deleteriously altering cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A W Chan
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Fellow at the National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Barbara Buckley
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Aimen K Farraj
- Environmental Public Health Division, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Leslie C Thompson
- Environmental Public Health Division, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Cooper EJ, Wareing M, Greenwood SL, Baker PN. Effects of Oxygen Tension and Normalization Pressure on Endothelin-Induced Constriction of Human Placental Chorionic Plate Arteries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 12:488-94. [PMID: 16202925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2005.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2004] [Accepted: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fetoplacental blood vessels constrict in response to endothelin (ET-1) or reduced oxygen tension in the placental cotyledon perfused in vitro. In nonplacental resistance arteries, hypoxia and ET-1 induce constriction by promoting Ca2+ influx into smooth muscle through membrane ion channels, which include voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). We hypothesized that VGCCs are involved in ET-1-induced constriction of fetoplacental resistance vessels and that their contribution to constriction is enhanced at low oxygen tension. METHODS Chorionic plate small arteries from term placentas were studied using parallel wire myography. Arteries were normalized at 0.9 of L(5.1 kPa) ("low stretch" approximately 25 mm Hg; approximating physiologic vascular pressure) or 0.9 of L(13.3 kPa) ("high stretch" approximately 42 mm Hg) and experiments performed at oxygen tensions of 156, 38, and 15 mm Hg. RESULTS When chorionic plate arteries were normalized at low stretch, oxygen tension did not affect constriction to ET-1. Nifedipine (10(-4) M), a blocker of L-type VGCCs, inhibited ET-1 (EC80)-induced constriction to a similar extent at each oxygen tension (52% to 64% inhibition). In contrast, when arteries were normalized at high stretch, constriction to ET-1 was greater at 38 than at 156 or 15 mm Hg oxygen and nifedipine inhibition of ET-1-induced constriction was greater at 38 and 15 mm Hg than at 156 mm Hg oxygen. CONCLUSIONS VGCCs and nifedipine-insensitive processes underlie the contractile response of chorionic plate arteries to ET-1 and their relative contribution to vasoconstriction is modulated by oxygen tension when vessels are normalized at high stretch. However, contrary to our hypothesis, the response of chorionic plate arteries to ET-1 is not modulated by oxygen when vessels are normalized at physiologic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Cooper
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, The Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Fukumoto S, Saida K, Sakai H, Ueno H, Iwano H, Uchide T. Therapeutic potential of endothelin inhibitors in canine hemangiosarcoma. Life Sci 2016; 159:55-60. [PMID: 26835989 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) that originates from vascular endothelial cells is the most common splenic malignant neoplasm in dogs, as it accounts for approximately 20% of all canine soft tissue sarcomas. In this study, inhibitory effects of endothelin receptor antagonists on the growth of HSA cells were examined using cell lines established from canine HSA. MAIN METHODS The preproendothelin-1 (PPET-1), endothelin type A receptor (ETA) and endothelin type B receptor (ETB) mRNA expression levels in HSA cell lines (n=5) were analyzed quantitatively by real-time RT-PCR. These levels were compared with those in HSA tissues (n=11) and those in normal splenic tissues (n=6). ETA and ETB protein expression was examined by western blot. The production and secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and big ET-1 by cell lines were analyzed by measuring the levels in the culture medium by ELISA. The inhibitory effects of endothelin receptor antagonists (ambrisentan, BQ788 and bosentan) on cell growth were evaluated by WST-8 assay. KEY FINDINGS The PPET1 and ETA mRNA expression levels were elevated in HSA tissues and HSA cell lines compared with normal tissues. In cell lines, the production of ET-1 and big ET-1 peptide as well as the expression of ETA protein were detected, but the levels of ETB were not measured. Ambrisentan and bosentan inhibited growth activity in cell lines. Ambrisentan was more effective than bosentan. SIGNIFICANCE These findings demonstrate the importance of the ETA axis in canine HSA as well as the potential of ETA inhibitors in the treatment of canine HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Fukumoto
- Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Kaname Saida
- Institute for Biomedical Research, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1112, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueno
- Veterinary Surgery, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Iwano
- Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Uchide
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Salazar J, Luzardo E, Mejías JC, Rojas J, Ferreira A, Rivas-Ríos JR, Bermúdez V. Epicardial Fat: Physiological, Pathological, and Therapeutic Implications. Cardiol Res Pract 2016; 2016:1291537. [PMID: 27213076 PMCID: PMC4861775 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1291537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epicardial fat is closely related to blood supply vessels, both anatomically and functionally, which is why any change in this adipose tissue's behavior is considered a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease development. When proinflammatory adipokines are released from the epicardial fat, this can lead to a decrease in insulin sensitivity, low adiponectin production, and an increased proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. These adipokines move from one compartment to another by either transcellular passing or diffusion, thus having the ability to regulate cardiac muscle activity, a phenomenon called vasocrine regulation. The participation of these adipokines generates a state of persistent vasoconstriction, increased stiffness, and weakening of the coronary wall, consequently contributing to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, epicardial adipose tissue thickening should be considered a risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular pathology and a molecular point of contact for "endocrine-cardiology."
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Eliana Luzardo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - José Carlos Mejías
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Antonio Ferreira
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
- Internal Medicine Service, “Dr. Manuel Noriega Trigo” Hospital, San Francisco 4004, Venezuela
| | - José Ramón Rivas-Ríos
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
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