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Jeon J, He X, Shinde A, Meister M, Barnett L, Zhang Q, Black M, Shannahan J, Wright C. The role of puff volume in vaping emissions, inhalation risks, and metabolic perturbations: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18949. [PMID: 39147784 PMCID: PMC11327287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Secondhand vaping exposure is an emerging public health concern that remains understudied. In this study, saliva and exhaled emissions from ENDS users (secondhand) and non-ENDS users (baseline) were collected, firsthand emissions were generated using an automated ENDS aerosol generation system programmed to simulate puffing topography profiles collected from ENDS users. Particulate concentrations and sizes along with volatile organic compounds were characterized. We revealed puffing topography metrics as potential mediators of firsthand and secondhand particle and chemical exposures, as well as metabolic and respiratory health outcomes. Particle deposition modeling revealed that while secondhand emissions displayed smaller deposited mass, total and pulmonary particle deposition fractions were higher than firsthand deposition levels, possibly due to smaller secondhand emission particle diameters. Lastly, untargeted metabolomic profiling of salivary biomarkers of lung injury due to firsthand ENDS exposures revealed potential early indicators of respiratory distress that may also be relevant in bystanders exposed to secondhand vaping scenarios. By leveraging system toxicology, we identified 10 metabolites, including leukotriene D4, that could potentially serve as biomarkers for ENDS use, exposure estimation, and the prediction of vaping-related disease. This study highlights characterization of vaping behavior is an important exposure component in advancing our understanding of potential health effects in ENDS users and bystanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Jeon
- Chemical Insights Research Institute of UL Research Institutes, Marietta, GA, 30367, USA
| | - Xiaojia He
- Chemical Insights Research Institute of UL Research Institutes, Marietta, GA, 30367, USA
| | - Akshada Shinde
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Maureen Meister
- Chemical Insights Research Institute of UL Research Institutes, Marietta, GA, 30367, USA
| | - Lillie Barnett
- Chemical Insights Research Institute of UL Research Institutes, Marietta, GA, 30367, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Chemical Insights Research Institute of UL Research Institutes, Marietta, GA, 30367, USA
| | - Marilyn Black
- Chemical Insights Research Institute of UL Research Institutes, Marietta, GA, 30367, USA
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Christa Wright
- Chemical Insights Research Institute of UL Research Institutes, Marietta, GA, 30367, USA.
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2
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Cabezuelo MT, Torres L, Ortiz-Zapater E, López-Rodas G, Marín MP, Timoneda J, Viña JR, Zaragozá R, Barber T. Vitamin A Status Modulates Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in the Lung: The Role of Furin. Nutrients 2024; 16:1177. [PMID: 38674868 PMCID: PMC11053499 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) induced TGF-β hyperactivation and reduced expression of cell adhesion proteins in the lung, suggesting that the disruption of retinoic acid (RA) signaling leads to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). To elucidate the role of lung vitamin A status in EMT, several EMT markers and the expression of the proprotein convertase furin, which activates TGF-β, were analyzed in two experimental models. Our in vivo model included control rats, VAD rats, and both control rats and VAD rats, treated with RA. For the in vitro studies, human bronchoalveolar epithelial cells treated with RA were used. Our data show that EMT and furin are induced in VAD rats. Furthermore, furin expression continues to increase much more markedly after treatment of VAD rats with RA. In control rats and cell lines, an acute RA treatment induced a significant increase in furin expression, concomitant with changes in EMT markers. A ChIP assay demonstrated that RA directly regulates furin transcription. These results emphasize the importance of maintaining vitamin A levels within the physiological range since both levels below and above this range can cause adverse effects that, paradoxically, could be similar. The role of furin in EMT is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teresa Cabezuelo
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro Salud Safranar, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Gerardo López-Rodas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - M. Pilar Marín
- Microscopy Unit IIS La Fe Valencia, 46009 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Joaquín Timoneda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Juan R. Viña
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Rosa Zaragozá
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Barber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
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3
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Melén E, Faner R, Allinson JP, Bui D, Bush A, Custovic A, Garcia-Aymerich J, Guerra S, Breyer-Kohansal R, Hallberg J, Lahousse L, Martinez FD, Merid SK, Powell P, Pinnock H, Stanojevic S, Vanfleteren LEGW, Wang G, Dharmage SC, Wedzicha J, Agusti A. Lung-function trajectories: relevance and implementation in clinical practice. Lancet 2024; 403:1494-1503. [PMID: 38490231 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Lung development starts in utero and continues during childhood through to adolescence, reaching its peak in early adulthood. This growth is followed by gradual decline due to physiological lung ageing. Lung-function development can be altered by several host and environmental factors during the life course. As a result, a range of lung-function trajectories exist in the population. Below average trajectories are associated with respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, and mental health comorbidities, as well as with premature death. This Review presents progressive research into lung-function trajectories and assists the implementation of this knowledge in clinical practice as an innovative approach to detect poor lung health early, monitor respiratory disease progression, and promote lung health. Specifically, we propose that, similar to paediatric height and weight charts used globally to monitor children's growth, lung-function charts could be used for both children and adults to monitor lung health status across the life course. To achieve this proposal, we introduce our free online Lung Function Tracker tool. Finally, we discuss challenges and opportunities for effective implementation of the trajectory concept at population level and outline an agenda for crucial research needed to support such implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Melén
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet and Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rosa Faner
- University of Barcelona, FCRB-IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James P Allinson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dinh Bui
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Bush
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Adnan Custovic
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefano Guerra
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robab Breyer-Kohansal
- Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jenny Hallberg
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet and Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Fernando D Martinez
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Simon Kebede Merid
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet and Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sanja Stanojevic
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lowie E G W Vanfleteren
- COPD Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet and Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jadwiga Wedzicha
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Respiratory Institute, Clinic Barcelona, Cathedra Salud Respiratoria-University of Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
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Yaremenko AV, Pechnikova NA, Porpodis K, Damdoumis S, Aggeli A, Theodora P, Domvri K. Association of Fetal Lung Development Disorders with Adult Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. J Pers Med 2024; 14:368. [PMID: 38672994 PMCID: PMC11051200 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal lung development is a crucial and complex process that lays the groundwork for postnatal respiratory health. However, disruptions in this delicate developmental journey can lead to fetal lung development disorders, impacting neonatal outcomes and potentially influencing health outcomes well into adulthood. Recent research has shed light on the intriguing association between fetal lung development disorders and the development of adult diseases. Understanding these links can provide valuable insights into the developmental origins of health and disease, paving the way for targeted preventive measures and clinical interventions. This review article aims to comprehensively explore the association of fetal lung development disorders with adult diseases. We delve into the stages of fetal lung development, examining key factors influencing fetal lung maturation. Subsequently, we investigate specific fetal lung development disorders, such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and other abnormalities. Furthermore, we explore the potential mechanisms underlying these associations, considering the role of epigenetic modifications, transgenerational effects, and intrauterine environmental factors. Additionally, we examine the epidemiological evidence and clinical findings linking fetal lung development disorders to adult respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory ailments. This review provides valuable insights for healthcare professionals and researchers, guiding future investigations and shaping strategies for preventive interventions and long-term care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Yaremenko
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Oncology Unit, Pulmonary Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Nadezhda A. Pechnikova
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering A’, School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.A.P.); (A.A.)
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Konstantinos Porpodis
- Oncology Unit, Pulmonary Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Savvas Damdoumis
- Oncology Unit, Pulmonary Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Amalia Aggeli
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering A’, School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.A.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Papamitsou Theodora
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Kalliopi Domvri
- Oncology Unit, Pulmonary Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (S.D.)
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Pathology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Hazan G, Sheiner E, Golan-Tripto I, Goldbart A, Sergienko R, Wainstock T. The impact of maternal hyperemesis gravidarum on early childhood respiratory morbidity. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59:707-714. [PMID: 38131521 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung maldevelopment due to in-utero events may potentially cause respiratory morbidity during childhood. Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy is critical for lung development. This study is contributing to the understanding of the interplay between maternal nutrition status during pregnancy, fetal lung development and the risk for respiratory diseases in early life. RESEARCH QUESTION To investigate the association between maternal hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) during pregnancy and respiratory morbidity in the offspring's early childhood. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This is a retrospective population-based cohort study that included all singleton term deliveries at Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC) between 1991 and 2021. Preterm deliveries (<37 gestational week), perinatal deaths, multiple gestations, and children with congenital malformations or chromosomal abnormalities were excluded. The main outcomes measured were offspring's hospitalizations due to pneumonia, acute bronchiolitis, asthma, or wheezing. RESULTS Overall 232,476 deliveries were included in the study, of which 3227 women (1.4%) were diagnosed with HG. Offspring in the HG group exhibited significantly higher rates of respiratory morbidity, including asthma (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.22-1.36, p < .001), acute bronchiolitis (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.21-1.59, p < .001), and pneumonia (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.12-1.48, p < .001). An inverse correlation between multivariate adjusted-hazard ratios for asthma and pneumonia with offspring's age was noted. INTERPRETATION This study provides evidence of a potential association between maternal HG during pregnancy and increased risk of respiratory morbidity in offspring's early childhood. Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy plays a crucial role in lung development, affecting respiratory health in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Hazan
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Saban Pediatric Medical Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Eyal Sheiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Inbal Golan-Tripto
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Saban Pediatric Medical Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Aviv Goldbart
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Saban Pediatric Medical Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ruslan Sergienko
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tamar Wainstock
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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6
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Adineh P, Amini S, Abolnezhadian F, Jafari F, Ebrahimian N. Nuts, vegetables, fruits, and protein dietary pattern during pregnancy is inversely associated with risk of childhood allergies: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:842. [PMID: 38191604 PMCID: PMC10774342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are prevalent chronic conditions among children and can lead to significant health and economic issues. It is hypothesized that healthy and high quality diet during pregnancy can prevent the onset of allergic diseases in offspring. This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between major dietary patterns during pregnancy and allergies in children under one year of age. This case-control study was conducted involving 244 participants (122 mothers of allergic children and 122 healthy controls) who visited pediatricians and allergy outpatient clinics in Khuzestan Province, Iran, between June 2022 and March 2023. Demographic information was recorded using a socio-demographic questionnaire. A food frequency questionnaire was used to identify the foods consumed during pregnancy. Major dietary patterns were extracted using principal component analysis, and the potential relationship between these patterns and childhood allergies was investigated using multivariable logistic regression models. The crude odds ratio (OR) analysis showed that the fourth quartile of "Nut, vegetables, fruits, and protein" dietary pattern was associated with lower occurrence of childhood allergies (OR: 0.214, 95% CI = 0.068-0.679; P trend = 0.211). After adjusting for cofactors in Model 3, this association was still observed in the fourth quartile (OR = 0.108, 95% CI = 0.019-0.613; P trend, 0.001). However, no significant association was observed between "Carbohydrate and cereals" and "Salty" dietary patterns and childhood allergies. The study findings suggest that a maternal dietary pattern rich in nuts, vegetables, and fruits during pregnancy may reduce the risk of allergic diseases in offspring.
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Grants
- (grant number: 400000040) Vice-Chancellor for Research Affairs of the Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar City, Iran
- (grant number: 400000040) Vice-Chancellor for Research Affairs of the Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar City, Iran
- (grant number: 400000040) Vice-Chancellor for Research Affairs of the Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar City, Iran
- (grant number: 400000040) Vice-Chancellor for Research Affairs of the Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar City, Iran
- (grant number: 400000040) Vice-Chancellor for Research Affairs of the Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar City, Iran
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Adineh
- Student Research Committee, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Shirin Amini
- Department of Nutrition, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran.
| | - Farhad Abolnezhadian
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Niayesh Ebrahimian
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Robinson JL, Gatford KL, Clifton VL, Morrison JL, Stark MJ. The impact of maternal asthma on the fetal lung: Outcomes, mechanisms and interventions. Paediatr Respir Rev 2023:S1526-0542(23)00086-6. [PMID: 38195368 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Maternal asthma affects up to 17% of pregnancies and is associated with adverse infant, childhood, and adult respiratory outcomes, including increased risks of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, childhood wheeze and asthma. In addition to genetics, these poor outcomes are likely due to the mediating influence of maternal asthma on the in-utero environment, altering fetal lung and immune development and predisposing the offspring to later lung disease. Maternal asthma may impair glucocorticoid signalling in the fetus, a process critical for lung maturation, and increase fetal exposure to proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, interventions to control maternal asthma, increase glucocorticoid signalling in the fetal lung, or Vitamin A, C, and D supplementation to improve alveologenesis and surfactant production may be beneficial for later lung function. This review highlights potential mechanisms underlying maternal asthma and offspring respiratory morbidities and describes how pregnancy interventions can promote optimal fetal lung development in babies of asthmatic mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Robinson
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael J Stark
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Neonatal Medicine, Women's & Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
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Meme H, Amukoye E, Bowyer C, Chakaya J, Dobson R, Fuld J, Gray CM, Kiplimo R, Lesosky M, Mortimer K, Ndombi A, Obasi A, Orina F, Quint JK, Semple S, West SE, Zurba L, Devereux G. Preterm birth, birth weight, infant weight gain and their associations with childhood asthma and spirometry: a cross-sectional observational study in Nairobi, Kenya. BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:e001895. [PMID: 37735103 PMCID: PMC10514609 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sub-Saharan Africa, the origins of asthma and high prevalence of abnormal lung function remain unclear. In high-income countries (HICs), associations between birth measurements and childhood asthma and lung function highlight the importance of antenatal and early life factors in the aetiology of asthma and abnormal lung function in children. We present here the first study in sub-Saharan Africa to relate birth characteristics to both childhood respiratory symptoms and lung function. METHODS Children attending schools in two socioeconomically contrasting but geographically close areas of Nairobi, Kenya, were recruited to a cross-sectional study of childhood asthma and lung function. Questionnaires quantified respiratory symptoms and preterm birth; lung function was measured by spirometry; and parents were invited to bring the child's immunisation booklet containing records of birth weight and serial weights in the first year. RESULTS 2373 children participated, 52% girls, median age (IQR), 10 years (8-13). Spirometry data were available for 1622. Child immunisation booklets were available for 500 and birth weight and infant weight gain data were available for 323 and 494 children, respectively. In multivariable analyses, preterm birth was associated with the childhood symptoms 'wheeze in the last 12 months'; OR 1.64, (95% CI 1.03 to 2.62), p=0.038; and 'trouble breathing' 3.18 (95% CI 2.27 to 4.45), p<0.001. Birth weight (kg) was associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s z-score, regression coefficient (β) 0.30 (0.08, 0.52), p=0.008, FVC z-score 0.29 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.51); p=0.008 and restricted spirometry, OR 0.11 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.78), p=0.027. CONCLUSION These associations are in keeping with those in HICs and highlight antenatal factors in the aetiology of asthma and lung function abnormalities in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Meme
- Centre for Respiratory Disease Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evans Amukoye
- Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cressida Bowyer
- Faculty of Creative and Cultural Industries, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Jeremiah Chakaya
- Centre for Respiratory Disease Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruaraidh Dobson
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Jonathan Fuld
- Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cindy M Gray
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Kiplimo
- Centre for Respiratory Disease Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Maia Lesosky
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin Mortimer
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amos Ndombi
- Centre for Respiratory Disease Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Angela Obasi
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Axess Sexual Health, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Fred Orina
- Centre for Respiratory Disease Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Sean Semple
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Sarah E West
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Graham Devereux
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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9
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Jackson P, Muyanja SZ, Siddharthan T. Health Equity and Respiratory Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Clin Chest Med 2023; 44:623-634. [PMID: 37517840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Over 80% of the morbidity and mortality related to acute and chronic respiratory diseases occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), a reflection of vast disparities in care for these conditions. Over the next decade, the prevalence of respiratory diseases is expected to increase, as population growth in LMICs exceeds high-income countries (HICs). Pediatric morbidity and mortality from lower respiratory tract infections and asthma occur almost exclusively in LMICs, contributing to a greater loss of quality adjusted life years from these conditions when compared with HICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jackson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 East Broad Street, Box 980050, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | | | - Trishul Siddharthan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami, 1951 Northwest 7th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Zajac D, Wojciechowski P. The Role of Vitamins in the Pathogenesis of Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108574. [PMID: 37239921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamins play a crucial role in the proper functioning of organisms. Disturbances of their levels, seen as deficiency or excess, enhance the development of various diseases, including those of the cardiovascular, immune, or respiratory systems. The present paper aims to summarize the role of vitamins in one of the most common diseases of the respiratory system, asthma. This narrative review describes the influence of vitamins on asthma and its main symptoms such as bronchial hyperreactivity, airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and airway remodeling, as well as the correlation between vitamin intake and levels and the risk of asthma in both pre- and postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Zajac
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Piotr Wojciechowski
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
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McEvoy CT, Le Souef PN, Martinez FD. The Role of Lung Function in Determining Which Children Develop Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:677-683. [PMID: 36706985 PMCID: PMC10329781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal studies have demonstrated that altered indices of airway function, assessed shortly after birth, are a risk factor for the subsequent development of wheezing illnesses and asthma, and that these indices predict airway size and airway wall thickness in adult life. Pre- and postnatal factors that directly alter early airway function, such as extreme prematurity and cigarette smoke, may continue to affect airway function and, hence, the risks for wheeze and asthma. Early airway function and an associated asthma risk may also be indirectly influenced by immune system responses, respiratory viruses, the airway microbiome, genetics, and epigenetics, especially if they affect airway epithelial dysfunction. Few if any interventions, apart from smoking avoidance, have been proven to alter the risks of developing asthma, but vitamin C supplementation to pregnant smokers may help decrease the effects of in utero smoke on offspring lung function. We conclude that airway size and the factors influencing this play an important role in determining the risk for asthma across the lifetime. Progress in asthma prevention is long overdue and this may benefit from carefully designed interventions in well-phenotyped longitudinal birth cohorts with early airway function assessments monitored through to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy T McEvoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore.
| | - Peter N Le Souef
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fernando D Martinez
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
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Hu J, Sang J, Hao F, Liu L. Association between vitamin A and asthma: A meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1100002. [PMID: 36794278 PMCID: PMC9922757 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the association between vitamin A (vit A) status and risk of asthma. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Library were electronically searched to identify related studies that reported the association between vit A status and asthma. All databases were searched from inception to November 2022. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed risk bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed on R software Version 4.1.2 and STATA Version 12.0. Results: A total of 19 observational studies were included. A pooled analysis showed that the serum vit A concentrations in patients with asthma was lower than that in healthy controls (standard mean difference (SMD)= -2.479, 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.719, -.239, 95% prediction interval (PI): -7.510, 2.552), and relatively higher vit A intake in pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of asthma at age 7 years (risk ratio (RR)= 1.181, 95% CI: 1.048, 1.331). No significant correlation was observed between serum vit A levels or vit A intake and the risk of asthma. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis confirms that serum vit A levels are lower in patients with asthma than in healthy controls. Relatively higher vit A intake during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of asthma at age 7 years. There is no significant correlation between vit A intake and asthma risk in children, nor between serum vit A levels and asthma risk. The effect of vit A may depend on age or developmental stage, diet and genetics. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the association of vit A and asthma. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/CRD42022358930, identifier CRD42022358930.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajia Sang
- Department of Tuina, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Hao
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Feng Hao, ; Li Liu,
| | - Li Liu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Feng Hao, ; Li Liu,
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13
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Feketea G, Lakoumentas J, Konstantinou GN, Douladiris N, Papadopoulos NG, Petrodimopoulou M, Tasios I, Valianatou M, Vourga V, Vassilopoulou E. Dietary Factors May Delay Tolerance Acquisition in Food Protein-Induced Allergic Proctocolitis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020425. [PMID: 36678296 PMCID: PMC9862452 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary and environmental factors may influence tolerance acquisition in food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP). This retrospective observational study explored the role of maternal diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding in tolerance acquisition in infantile FPIAP. METHODS Breastfed infants with FPIAP from six diverse regions in Greece were divided into two groups, based on development of tolerance to the trigger food: Group A (n = 43), before, and Group B (n = 53), after, the 6th month of age. Maternal diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding was elicited using the Mediterranean Diet Score Questionnaire and the Mediterranean Oriented Culture Specific Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. RESULTS Mean age at diagnosis of FPIAP (1.5 months) and weaning (5.5 months) were the same in both groups. The main trigger was cow's milk. Group A received infant milk formula earlier than Group B. Group B had a higher incidence of asthma/wheeze, siblings with milk allergy, maternal smoking and rural residence. On multivariate analysis, earlier resolution of FPIAP was associated with higher maternal education and with salt intake and consumption of goat/sheep cheese during pregnancy and olive oil during breastfeeding. Consumption of multivitamins during pregnancy and meat, winter fruits, green vegetables, butter, salt, "ready-to-eat" meals and pastries during breastfeeding were correlated with longer duration of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Mothers of children with FPIAP to cow's milk protein can be advised to eat more yogurt, cheese and olive oil during subsequent pregnancies, and avoid multivitamins, grilled food, "ready-to-eat" meals, pastries, meat and alcohol during breastfeeding, to reduce the duration of FPIAP presenting in future infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavriela Feketea
- Department of Hematology, “luliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- “Karamandaneio” Children’s Hospital of Patra, 26331 Patra, Greece
| | - John Lakoumentas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George N. Konstantinou
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 424 General Military Training Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Douladiris
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Petrodimopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tasios
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mina Valianatou
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Vourga
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
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14
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Su J, Li T, Pan H. Association of vitamin A supplementation with immune-related allergic diseases: A meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:984161. [PMID: 36466392 PMCID: PMC9715979 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.984161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases are type I hypersensitivity reactions mediated by various allergens. The most common allergic diseases include allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, allergic dermatitis, and allergic conjunctivitis. The incidence of allergic diseases has been increasing in the recent past, and allergen avoidance and adoption of desensitization treatment can significantly decrease the incidence of allergic diseases. Previous studies have explored the association between vitamin A supplementation and allergic diseases; however, the results are inconsistency. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between vitamin A supplementation and allergic diseases, with a focus on atopy and wheezing. METHODS Articles reporting randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the association of vitamin A supplementation and allergic diseases were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Web of science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database from inception of to November 15, 2021. STATA 12.0 software was used for meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis and analysis of publication bias. RESULTS Seven studies comprising 2201 participants met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The findings showed that vitamin A supplementation was associated with increased risk of atopy in young females compared with the placebo [RR = 1.70, 95% confidence interval (1.20, 2.41), P = 0.171, I 2 = 43.4% fixed effect model]. The frequency of delayed atopy among adults was associated with vitamin A supplementation (MD = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.88). Analysis showed no significant association between vitamin A supplementation with incidence of wheezing in children [RR = 1.40, 95% CI (0.49, 3.98), P = 0.018, I 2 = 82.1% random effect model]. Sensitivity and publication bias analysis showed that each individual study did not affect the combined results and there was no significant publication bias among the studies. CONCLUSION The findings showed that vitamin A supplementation is associated with increased risk of atopy but no correlation was observed with the incidence of wheezing. The results of this meta-analysis provide evidence for effective management of fibrosis. More studies should be conducted to verify the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Su
- Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hua Pan
- Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Stolz D, Mkorombindo T, Schumann DM, Agusti A, Ash SY, Bafadhel M, Bai C, Chalmers JD, Criner GJ, Dharmage SC, Franssen FME, Frey U, Han M, Hansel NN, Hawkins NM, Kalhan R, Konigshoff M, Ko FW, Parekh TM, Powell P, Rutten-van Mölken M, Simpson J, Sin DD, Song Y, Suki B, Troosters T, Washko GR, Welte T, Dransfield MT. Towards the elimination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Lancet Commission. Lancet 2022; 400:921-972. [PMID: 36075255 PMCID: PMC11260396 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in reducing the global impact of many non-communicable diseases, including heart disease and cancer, morbidity and mortality due to chronic respiratory disease continues to increase. This increase is driven primarily by the growing burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and has occurred despite the identification of cigarette smoking as the major risk factor for the disease more than 50 years ago. Many factors have contributed to what must now be considered a public health emergency: failure to limit the sale and consumption of tobacco products, unchecked exposure to environmental pollutants across the life course, and the ageing of the global population (partly as a result of improved outcomes for other conditions). Additionally, despite the heterogeneity of COPD, diagnostic approaches have not changed in decades and rely almost exclusively on post-bronchodilator spirometry, which is insensitive for early pathological changes, underused, often misinterpreted, and not predictive of symptoms. Furthermore, guidelines recommend only simplistic disease classification strategies, resulting in the same therapeutic approach for patients with widely differing conditions that are almost certainly driven by variable pathophysiological mechanisms. And, compared with other diseases with similar or less morbidity and mortality, the investment of financial and intellectual resources from both the public and private sector to advance understanding of COPD, reduce exposure to known risks, and develop new therapeutics has been woefully inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Stolz
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Takudzwa Mkorombindo
- Lung Health Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Desiree M Schumann
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Respiratory Institute-Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel Y Ash
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mona Bafadhel
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - James D Chalmers
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Frits M E Franssen
- Department of Research and Education, CIRO, Horn, Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Urs Frey
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - MeiLan Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel M Hawkins
- Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ravi Kalhan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melanie Konigshoff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fanny W Ko
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Trisha M Parekh
- Lung Health Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Maureen Rutten-van Mölken
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management and Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jodie Simpson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation and Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, China; Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bela Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thierry Troosters
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - George R Washko
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Lung Health Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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The Contribution of Anthropometry and Socioeconomic Status to Racial Differences in Measures of Lung Function. Chest 2022; 162:635-646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Evidence based recommendations for an optimal prenatal supplement for women in the US: vitamins and related nutrients. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2022; 8:4. [PMID: 35818085 PMCID: PMC9275129 DOI: 10.1186/s40748-022-00139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood levels of most vitamins decrease during pregnancy if un-supplemented, including vitamins A, C, D, K, B1, B3, B5, B6, folate, biotin, and B12. Sub-optimal intake of vitamins from preconception through pregnancy increases the risk of many pregnancy complications and infant health problems. In the U.S., dietary intake of vitamins is often below recommended intakes, especially for vitamin D, choline and DHA. Many studies suggest that insufficient vitamin intake is associated with a wide range of pregnancy complications (anemia, Cesarean section, depression, gestational diabetes, hypertension, infertility, preeclampsia, and premature rupture of membranes) and infant health problems (asthma/wheeze, autism, low birth weight, congenital heart defects, intellectual development, intrauterine growth restriction, miscarriage, neural tube defects, orofacial defects, and preterm birth). The primary goal of this paper is to review the research literature and propose evidence-based recommendations for the optimal level of prenatal supplementation for each vitamin for most women in the United States. A secondary goal was to compare these new recommendations with the levels of vitamins in over 180 commercial prenatal supplements. The analysis found that prenatal supplements vary widely in content, often contained only a subset of essential vitamins, and the levels were often below our recommendations. This suggests that increasing prenatal vitamin supplementation to the levels recommended here may reduce the incidence of many pregnancy complications and infant health problems which currently occur.
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Brzozowska A, Podlecka D, Jankowska A, Król A, Kaleta D, Trafalska E, Nowakowska-Świrta E, Kałużny P, Hanke W, Bal-Gierańczyk K, Kowalska M, Polańska K, Jerzyńska J. Maternal diet during pregnancy and risk of allergic diseases in children up to 7-9 years old from Polish Mother and Child Cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112682. [PMID: 34999032 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of maternal diet during pregnancy on the risk of allergic diseases in childhood is an increasing scientific and public health concern. We evaluated the associations of maternal type of diet and essential elements and vitamins intake during pregnancy with offspring allergic and respiratory outcomes. METHODS The study population included 557 mother-child pairs from Polish Mother and Child Cohort (REPRO_PL). Based on the Food Frequency Questionnaire filled in between the 20th-24th week of pregnancy, overall maternal diet was evaluated as the difference between the Prudent Dietary Pattern (PDP) score and Western Dietary Pattern (WDP) score ((PDP-WDP) score) and maternal achievement of dietary recommendations (estimated average requirement, EAR) for essential elements and vitamins was assessed. Children's health examination at age of 1, 2, and 7-9 years covered the following symptoms: infections, wheezing/asthma, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. At age of 7-9 years, children underwent spirometry and skin-prick tests. RESULTS Children of the mothers who were not achieving adequate intake of vitamin C during pregnancy had a higher risk of wheezing and having more than two infections within the first two years of life comparing to those who met EAR (OR = 2.6, p = 0.05, and OR = 2.3, p = 0.04, respectively). Inadequate intake of vitamin E during pregnancy was related to a higher risk of atopic dermatitis (OR = 2.7, p = 0.04), whereas inadequate intake of magnesium during pregnancy was associated with the risk of wheezing in the offspring at age of two years (OR = 3.7, p = 0.03). A lower (PDP-WDP) score during pregnancy (indicating unhealthier diet) was associated with a higher risk of infections (OR = 1.5, p = 0.007) but a lower risk of atopic dermatitis (OR = 0.7, p = 0.02) at age of 7-9 years. CONCLUSIONS These results may contribute to the body of evidence for the impact of maternal diet during pregnancy for children's optimal health, however further studies are needed before drawing conclusions and recommendations for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Brzozowska
- Department of Paediatrics and Allergy, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-329, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Daniela Podlecka
- Department of Paediatrics and Allergy, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-329, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Jankowska
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Hazards, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Król
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Hazards, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Dorota Kaleta
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Trafalska
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewa Nowakowska-Świrta
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Paweł Kałużny
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Hanke
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bal-Gierańczyk
- Department of Paediatrics and Allergy, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-329, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kowalska
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Kinga Polańska
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Hazards, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348, Lodz, Poland; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Jerzyńska
- Department of Paediatrics and Allergy, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-329, Lodz, Poland.
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Agustí A, Melén E, DeMeo DL, Breyer-Kohansal R, Faner R. Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: understanding the contributions of gene-environment interactions across the lifespan. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2022; 10:512-524. [PMID: 35427533 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(21)00555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The traditional view of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a self-inflicted disease caused by tobacco smoking in genetically susceptible individuals has been challenged by recent research findings. COPD can instead be understood as the potential end result of the accumulation of gene-environment interactions encountered by an individual over the life course. Integration of a time axis in pathogenic models of COPD is necessary because the biological responses to and clinical consequences of different exposures might vary according to both the age of an individual at which a given gene-environment interaction occurs and the cumulative history of previous gene-environment interactions. Future research should aim to understand the effects of dynamic interactions between genes (G) and the environment (E) by integrating information from basic omics (eg, genomics, epigenomics, proteomics) and clinical omics (eg, phenomics, physiomics, radiomics) with exposures (the exposome) over time (T)-an approach that we refer to as GETomics. In the context of this approach, we argue that COPD should be viewed not as a single disease, but as a clinical syndrome characterised by a recognisable pattern of chronic symptoms and structural or functional impairments due to gene-environment interactions across the lifespan that influence normal lung development and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvar Agustí
- Càtedra Salut Respiratòria, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erik Melén
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robab Breyer-Kohansal
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinic Penzing, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rosa Faner
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain.
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Vassilopoulou E, Feketea G, Konstantinou GN, Zekakos Xypolias D, Valianatou M, Petrodimopoulou M, Vourga V, Tasios I, Papadopoulos NG. Food Protein-Induced Allergic Proctocolitis: The Effect of Maternal Diet During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding in a Mediterranean Population. Front Nutr 2022; 9:843437. [PMID: 35433785 PMCID: PMC9005850 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.843437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the current investigation was to explore the association of food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) with the maternal diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding in Greek infants. Methods A multicenter retrospective case-control study was conducted in 6 regions in Greece, with 96 mothers of infants with and 141 mothers of infants without a history of FPIAP. Maternal dietary habits during pregnancy and breastfeeding were evaluated with the following validated questionnaires: (a) The Mediterranean Diet Score and (b) The Mediterranean Oriented Culture-Specific Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Results FPIAP was associated with cow's milk (83.6%), egg (7.3%), wheat (6.4%), and beef (6.4%) in the maternal diet. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet was similar among the mothers. Mothers of FPIAP infants consumed more vegetables. Elastic net prediction models showed that, in this Mediterranean population, increased consumption during pregnancy and lactation of common allergens, whole grain products, homemade food, fish and shellfish, and fruits was associated with a decreased risk of FPIAP. Conversely, a high intake of vegetables, sugar and total fat, and non-stick/grilled cooking, were associated with increased risk of FPIAP, as was a high intake of salt and white flour during lactation only. Conclusions Components of a maternal Mediterranean Diet may protect against FPIAP when traditional cooking methods are adopted and fish, fruit, and whole wheat products are consumed frequently during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gavriela Feketea
- PhD School, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Hospital Unit of Amaliada, General Hospital of Ilia, Amaliada, Greece
- *Correspondence: Gavriela Feketea
| | - George N. Konstantinou
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Zekakos Xypolias
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mina Valianatou
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Petrodimopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Vourga
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tasios
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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21
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Siddharthan T, Pollard SL, Quaderi SA, Rykiel NA, Wosu AC, Alupo P, Barber JA, Cárdenas MK, Chandyo RK, Flores-Flores O, Kirenga B, Miranda JJ, Mohan S, Ricciardi F, Sharma AK, Das SK, Shrestha L, Soares MO, Checkley W, Hurst JR. Discriminative Accuracy of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Screening Instruments in 3 Low- and Middle-Income Country Settings. JAMA 2022; 327:151-160. [PMID: 35015039 PMCID: PMC8753498 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.23065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Most of the global morbidity and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with significant economic effects. OBJECTIVE To assess the discriminative accuracy of 3 instruments using questionnaires and peak expiratory flow (PEF) to screen for COPD in 3 LMIC settings. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional analysis of discriminative accuracy, conducted between January 2018 and March 2020 in semiurban Bhaktapur, Nepal; urban Lima, Peru; and rural Nakaseke, Uganda, using a random age- and sex-stratified sample of the population 40 years or older. EXPOSURES Three screening tools, the COPD Assessment in Primary Care to Identify Undiagnosed Respiratory Disease and Exacerbation Risk (CAPTURE; range, 0-6; high risk indicated by a score of 5 or more or score 2-5 with low PEF [<250 L/min for females and <350 L/min for males]), the COPD in LMICs Assessment questionnaire (COLA-6; range, 0-5; high risk indicated by a score of 4 or more), and the Lung Function Questionnaire (LFQ; range, 0-25; high risk indicated by a score of 18 or less) were assessed against a reference standard diagnosis of COPD using quality-assured postbronchodilator spirometry. CAPTURE and COLA-6 include a measure of PEF. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was discriminative accuracy of the tools in identifying COPD as measured by area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) with 95% CIs. Secondary outcomes included sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. RESULTS Among 10 709 adults who consented to participate in the study (mean age, 56.3 years (SD, 11.7); 50% female), 35% had ever smoked, and 30% were currently exposed to biomass smoke. The unweighted prevalence of COPD at the 3 sites was 18.2% (642/3534 participants) in Nepal, 2.7% (97/3550) in Peru, and 7.4% (264/3580) in Uganda. Among 1000 COPD cases, 49.3% had clinically important disease (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease classification B-D), 16.4% had severe or very severe airflow obstruction (forced expiratory volume in 1 second <50% predicted), and 95.3% of cases were previously undiagnosed. The AUC for the screening instruments ranged from 0.717 (95% CI, 0.677-0.774) for LFQ in Peru to 0.791 (95% CI, 0.770-0.809) for COLA-6 in Nepal. The sensitivity ranged from 34.8% (95% CI, 25.3%-45.2%) for COLA-6 in Nepal to 64.2% (95% CI, 60.3%-67.9%) for CAPTURE in Nepal. The mean time to administer the instruments was 7.6 minutes (SD 1.11), and data completeness was 99.5%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study demonstrated that screening instruments for COPD were feasible to administer in 3 low- and middle-income settings. Further research is needed to assess instrument performance in other low- and middle-income settings and to determine whether implementation is associated with improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trishul Siddharthan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Suzanne L. Pollard
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Now with the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Natalie A. Rykiel
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adaeze C. Wosu
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patricia Alupo
- Makerere Lung Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Julie A. Barber
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Kathia Cárdenas
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ram K. Chandyo
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Nepal
| | - Oscar Flores-Flores
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Biomedical Research Unit, A.BPRISMA, Lima, Peru
- Centro de Investigación del Envejecimiento (CIEN), Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Bruce Kirenga
- Makerere Lung Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - J. Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Sakshi Mohan
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Ricciardi
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Child Health Research Project, Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Santa Kumar Das
- Child Health Research Project, Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Laxman Shrestha
- Child Health Research Project, Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Marta O. Soares
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - William Checkley
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John R. Hurst
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Zhou Y, Si K, Li H, Li X, Tanumihardjo SA, Liu J. Geographic and socio-demographic determinants of plasma retinol concentrations in Chinese pregnant and lactating women. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1561-1570. [PMID: 34860270 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine plasma retinol status and its determinants in Chinese pregnant or lactating women. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 1211 healthy women in mid-pregnancy, late pregnancy, or lactation was conducted in northern, central, and southern China. Plasma retinol concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Multivariate quantile regression or modified Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted medians, or to examine the associations of suboptimal retinol concentration (< 1.05 µmol/L) with various factors. RESULTS The overall median (interquartile range) retinol concentration was 1.25 (1.06-1.46) µmol/L. The adjusted concentration was higher in women at lactation (1.39 [1.20-1.63] µmol/L) and mid-pregnancy (1.26 [1.10-1.44] µmol/L) than late pregnancy (1.07 [0.92-1.28] µmol/L), and higher in women in the central area (1.34 [1.18-1.49] µmol/L) and the north (1.26 [1.10-1.43] µmol/L) than the south (1.19 [1.07-1.31] µmol/L). The retinol concentration was more likely to be low in women with lower pre-pregnancy BMI, younger age, less education, and in lactating women who had a caesarean birth or were breastfeeding exclusively. A total of 290 (24.0%) women had a suboptimal retinol concentration, and the prevalence was higher in women at late pregnancy, residing in the south, with younger age, and having underweight pre-pregnancy. CONCLUSION About one-fourth of pregnant or lactating women in China had suboptimal retinol concentrations that varied with phases of pregnancy and lactation, region of residence, and socio-demographic characteristics, indicating a need for population-specific public health strategies to optimize vitamin A status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/ National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Keyi Si
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/ National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtian Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/ National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiucui Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/ National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jianmeng Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/ National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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23
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Cwiek A, Suzuki M, deRonde K, Conaway M, Bennett KM, El Dahr S, Reidy KJ, Charlton JR. Premature differentiation of nephron progenitor cell and dysregulation of gene pathways critical to kidney development in a model of preterm birth. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21667. [PMID: 34737344 PMCID: PMC8569166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity. Survivors have a greater risk for kidney dysfunction and hypertension. Little is known about the molecular changes that occur in the kidney of individuals born preterm. Here, we demonstrate that mice delivered two days prior to full term gestation undergo premature cessation of nephrogenesis, resulting in a lower glomerular density. Kidneys from preterm and term groups exhibited differences in gene expression profiles at 20- and 27-days post-conception, including significant differences in the expression of fat-soluble vitamin-related genes. Kidneys of the preterm mice exhibited decreased proportions of endothelial cells and a lower expression of genes promoting angiogenesis compared to the term group. Kidneys from the preterm mice also had altered nephron progenitor subpopulations, early Six2 depletion, and altered Jag1 expression in the nephrogenic zone, consistent with premature differentiation of nephron progenitor cells. In conclusion, preterm birth alone was sufficient to shorten the duration of nephrogenesis and cause premature differentiation of nephron progenitor cells. These candidate genes and pathways may provide targets to improve kidney health in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Cwiek
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Box 800386, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Cell & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly deRonde
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Box 800386, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Mark Conaway
- University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Translational Research and Applied Statistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kevin M Bennett
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samir El Dahr
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kimberly J Reidy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer R Charlton
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Box 800386, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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24
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Pediatric Obesity-Related Asthma: The Role of Nutrition and Nutrients in Prevention and Treatment. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113708. [PMID: 34835964 PMCID: PMC8620690 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity rates have dramatically risen in numerous countries worldwide. Obesity is likely a factor in increased asthma risk, which is already one of the most widespread chronic respiratory pathologies. The pathogenic mechanism of asthma risk has still not yet been fully elucidated. Moreover, the role of obesity-related inflammation and pulmonary overreaction to environmental triggers, which ultimately result in asthma-like symptoms, and the importance of dietary characteristics is well recognized. Diet is an important adjustable element in the asthma development. Food-specific composition of the diet, in particular fat, sugar, and low-quality nutrients, is likely to promote the chronic inflammatory state seen in asthmatic patients with obesity. An unbalanced diet or supplementation as a way to control asthma more efficiently has been described. A personalized dietary intervention may improve respiratory symptoms and signs and therapeutic response. In this narrative review, we presented and discussed more recent literature on asthma associated with obesity among children, focusing on the risk of asthma among children with obesity, asthma as a result of obesity focusing on the role of adipose tissue as a mediator of systemic and local airway inflammation implicated in asthma regulation, and the impact of nutrition and nutrients in the development and treatment of asthma. Appropriate early nutritional intervention could possibly be critical in preventing and managing asthma associated with obesity among children.
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25
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Talaei M, Hughes DA, Mahmoud O, Emmett PM, Granell R, Guerra S, Shaheen SO. Dietary intake of vitamin A, lung function and incident asthma in childhood. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:2004407. [PMID: 33795317 PMCID: PMC8551559 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.04407-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal epidemiological data are scarce on the relationship between dietary intake of vitamin A and respiratory outcomes in childhood. We investigated whether a higher intake of preformed vitamin A or pro-vitamin β-carotene in mid-childhood is associated with higher lung function and with asthma risk in adolescence. METHODS In the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, dietary intakes of preformed vitamin A and β-carotene equivalents were estimated by food frequency questionnaire at 7 years of age. Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of FVC (FEF25-75%) were measured at 15.5 years and transformed to z-scores. Incident asthma was defined by new cases of doctor-diagnosed asthma at age 11 or 14 years. RESULTS In multivariable adjusted models, a higher intake of preformed vitamin A was associated with higher lung function and a lower risk of incident asthma: comparing top versus bottom quartiles of intake, regression coefficients for FEV1 and FEF25-75% were 0.21 (95% CI 0.05-0.38; ptrend=0.008) and 0.18 (95% CI 0.03-0.32; ptrend=0.02), respectively; odds ratios for FEV1/FVC below the lower limit of normal and incident asthma were 0.49 (95% CI 0.27-0.90; ptrend=0.04) and 0.68 (95% CI 0.47-0.99; ptrend=0.07), respectively. In contrast, there was no evidence for association with β-carotene. We also found some evidence for modification of the associations between preformed vitamin A intake and lung function by BCMO1, NCOR2 and SCGB1A1 gene polymorphisms. CONCLUSION A higher intake of preformed vitamin A, but not β-carotene, in mid-childhood is associated with higher subsequent lung function and lower risk of fixed airflow limitation and incident asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Talaei
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David A Hughes
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Osama Mahmoud
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pauline M Emmett
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Raquel Granell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stefano Guerra
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Seif O Shaheen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Wright CJ. Acetaminophen and the Developing Lung: Could There Be Lifelong Consequences? J Pediatr 2021; 235:264-276.e1. [PMID: 33617854 PMCID: PMC9810455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clyde J. Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
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Keats EC, Oh C, Chau T, Khalifa DS, Imdad A, Bhutta ZA. Effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation during pregnancy on maternal, birth, child health and development outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2021; 17:e1127. [PMID: 37051178 PMCID: PMC8356361 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Almost two billion people who are deficient in vitamins and minerals are women and children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). These deficiencies are worsened during pregnancy due to increased energy and nutritional demands, causing adverse outcomes in mother and child. To reduce micronutrient deficiencies, several strategies have been implemented, including diet diversification, large-scale and targeted fortification, staple crop bio-fortification and micronutrient supplementation. Objectives To evaluate and summarize the available evidence on the effects of micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy in LMIC on maternal, fetal, child health and child development outcomes. This review will assess the impact of single micronutrient supplementation (calcium, vitamin A, iron, vitamin D, iodine, zinc, vitamin B12), iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation, multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplementation, and lipid-based nutrient supplementation (LNS) during pregnancy. Search Methods We searched papers published from 1995 to 31 October 2019 (related programmes and good quality studies pre-1995 were limited) in CAB Abstracts, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, International Initiative for Impact Evaluations, LILACS, Medline, POPLINE, Web of Science, WHOLIS, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, R4D, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Non-indexed grey literature searches were conducted using Google, Google Scholar, and web pages of key international nutrition agencies. Selection Criteria We included randomized controlled trials (individual and cluster-randomized) and quasi-experimental studies that evaluated micronutrient supplementation in healthy, pregnant women of any age and parity living in a LMIC. LMIC were defined by the World Bank Group at the time of the search for this review. While the aim was to include healthy pregnant women, it is likely that these populations had one or more micronutrient deficiencies at baseline; women were not excluded on this basis. Data Collection and Analysis Two authors independently assessed studies for inclusion and risk of bias, and conducted data extraction. Data were matched to check for accuracy. Quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Main Results A total of 314 papers across 72 studies (451,723 women) were eligible for inclusion, of which 64 studies (439,649 women) contributed to meta-analyses. Seven studies assessed iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation versus folic acid; 34 studies assessed MMN vs. IFA; 4 studies assessed LNS vs. MMN; 13 evaluated iron; 13 assessed zinc; 9 evaluated vitamin A; 11 assessed vitamin D; and 6 assessed calcium. Several studies were eligible for inclusion in multiple types of supplementation. IFA compared to folic acid showed a large and significant (48%) reduction in the risk of maternal anaemia (average risk ratio (RR) 0.52, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.66; studies = 5; participants = 15,540; moderate-quality evidence). As well, IFA supplementation demonstrated a smaller but significant, 12% reduction in risk of low birthweight (LBW) babies (average RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.99; studies = 4; participants = 17,257; high-quality evidence). MMN supplementation was defined as any supplement that contained at least 3 micronutrients. Post-hoc analyses were conducted, where possible, comparing the differences in effect of MMN with 4+ components and MMN with 3 or 4 components. When compared to iron with or without FA, MMN supplementation reduced the risk of LBW by 15% (average RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.93; studies = 28; participants = 79,972); this effect was greater in MMN with >4 micronutrients (average RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.88; studies = 19; participants = 68,138 versus average RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.11; studies = 9; participants = 11,834). There was a small and significant reduction in the risk of stillbirths (average RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.98; studies = 22; participants = 96,772) and a small and significant effect on the risk of small-for-gestational age (SGA) (average RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.98; studies = 19; participants = 52,965). For stillbirths and SGA, the effects were greater among those provided MMN with 4+ micronutrients. Children whose mothers had been supplemented with MMN, compared to IFA, demonstrated a 16% reduced risk of diarrhea (average RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.76 to 0.92; studies = 4; participants = 3,142). LNS supplementation, compared to MMN, made no difference to any outcome; however, the evidence is limited. Iron supplementation, when compared to no iron or placebo, showed a large and significant effect on maternal anaemia, a reduction of 47% (average RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.65; studies = 6; participants = 15,737; moderate-quality evidence) and a small and significant effect on LBW (average RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.99; studies = 4; participants = 17,257; high-quality evidence). Zinc and vitamin A supplementation, each both compared to placebo, had no impact on any outcome examined with the exception of potentially improving serum/plasma zinc (mean difference (MD) 0.43 umol/L; 95% CI -0.04 to 0.89; studies = 5; participants = 1,202) and serum/plasma retinol (MD 0.13 umol/L; 95% CI -0.03 to 0.30; studies = 6; participants = 1,654), respectively. When compared to placebo, vitamin D supplementation may have reduced the risk of preterm births (average RR 0.64; 95% CI 0.40 to 1.04; studies = 7; participants = 1,262), though the upper CI just crosses the line of no effect. Similarly, calcium supplementation versus placebo may have improved rates of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (average RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.19 to 1.06; studies = 4; participants = 9,616), though the upper CI just crosses 1. Authors' Conclusions The findings suggest that MMN and vitamin supplementation improve maternal and child health outcomes, including maternal anaemia, LBW, preterm birth, SGA, stillbirths, micronutrient deficiencies, and morbidities, including pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and diarrhea among children. MMN supplementation demonstrated a beneficial impact on the most number of outcomes. In addition, MMN with >4 micronutrients appeared to be more impactful than MMN with only 3 or 4 micronutrients included in the tablet. Very few studies conducted longitudinal analysis on longer-term health outcomes for the child, such as anthropometric measures and developmental outcomes; this may be an important area for future research. This review may provide some basis to guide continual discourse around replacing IFA supplementation with MMN along with the use of single micronutrient supplementation programs for specific outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Keats
- Centre for Global Child HealthThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
| | - Christina Oh
- Centre for Global Child HealthThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
| | - Tamara Chau
- Centre for Global Child HealthThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
| | - Dina S. Khalifa
- Centre for Global Child HealthThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
| | - Aamer Imdad
- PediatricsUpstate Medical University, SyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child HealthThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
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Gao F, Guo F, Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Chen D, Bai G. Vitamin A, D, and E Levels and Reference Ranges for Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study 2017-2019. Front Nutr 2021; 8:628902. [PMID: 33829031 PMCID: PMC8019719 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.628902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy-specific vitamin reference ranges are currently not available for maternal vitamin management during pregnancy. This study aimed to propose pregnancy-specific vitamin reference ranges and to investigate the factors influencing vitamin levels during pregnancy. Methods: A cross-sectional study that included pregnant women from 17 cities in 4 provinces in western China was conducted from 2017 to 2019. A total of 119,286 subjects were enrolled in the study. Serum vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin E levels were measured. A multivariable linear regression model and restricted cubic spline function were used to analyze the factors related to vitamin levels. Results: The reference ranges for vitamin A, D, and E levels were 0.22–0.62 mg/L, 5–43 ng/mL, and 7.4–23.5 mg/L, respectively. A linear relationship was found between vitamin E level and age (β = 0.004; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0037–0.0042; p < 0.001), and a nonlinear relationship was found between vitamin D (p nonlinear = 0.033) and vitamin A levels and age (p nonlinear < 0.001). Season, gestational trimester, and regions were related to the levels of the three vitamins in the multivariable models (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The lower limit of vitamin A during pregnancy was the same as the reference value currently used for the general population. The reference ranges of vitamins D and E during pregnancy were lower and higher, respectively, than the currently used criteria for the general population. Vitamin A, D, and E levels differed according to age, season, gestational trimester, and region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fanfan Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yufei Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dunjin Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiqin Bai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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29
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Agusti A, Breyer-Kohansal R, Faner R. Transitioning from infancy to adulthood: a black box full of opportunities. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:57/3/2003997. [PMID: 33664098 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03997-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alvar Agusti
- Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain .,Institut d'Investigacions BIomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robab Breyer-Kohansal
- Dept for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinic Penzing, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rosa Faner
- Institut d'Investigacions BIomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Sozańska B, Sikorska-Szaflik H. Diet Modifications in Primary Prevention of Asthma. Where Do We Stand? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010173. [PMID: 33429965 PMCID: PMC7827701 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The steep increase in asthma prevalence, observed worldwide in recent decades, has created an urgent need to search for effective methods of its prevention. Among other environmental factors, changes in diet habits and the potential influence of individual food components on immunological processes have been extensively studied as a potential method of intervention in primary prevention of asthma. The preventive role of some nutrients has been confirmed: unpasteurized milk reduced the risk of asthma in epidemiological studies, vitamin D supplementation was effective in preventing the transient forms of wheezing in small children and high maternal intake of fish oil reduced the risk of persistent wheeze and asthma in children. However, not all studies provided consistent results, and many food ingredients are still pending for defining their role in asthma development. Moreover, a novel approach looking not only at single food ingredients, but the whole dietary patterns and diversity has recently been proposed. In this paper, we discuss the current role of nutrients in asthma primary prevention and the reasons for inconsistencies in the study results. We look at single diet components, but also the whole dietary patterns. We describe the proposed mechanisms of action at different stages of life, identify the role of modifiers and delineate future perspectives on the application of nutrients in targeting strategies for asthma primary prevention.
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31
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Moreno-Fernandez J, Ochoa JJ, Lopez-Frias M, Diaz-Castro J. Impact of Early Nutrition, Physical Activity and Sleep on the Fetal Programming of Disease in the Pregnancy: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123900. [PMID: 33419354 PMCID: PMC7766505 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early programming is the adaptation process by which nutrition and environmental factors alter development pathways during prenatal growth, inducing changes in postnatal metabolism and diseases. The aim of this narrative review, is evaluating the current knowledge in the scientific literature on the effects of nutrition, environmental factors, physical activity and sleep on development pathways. If in utero adaptations were incorrect, this would cause a mismatch between prenatal programming and adulthood. Adequate caloric intake, protein, mineral, vitamin, and long-chain fatty acids, have been noted for their relevance in the offspring brain functions and behavior. Fetus undernutrition/malnutrition causes a delay in growth and have detrimental effects on the development and subsequent functioning of the organs. Pregnancy is a particularly vulnerable period for the development of food preferences and for modifications in the emotional response. Maternal obesity increases the risk of developing perinatal complications and delivery by cesarean section and has long-term implications in the development of metabolic diseases. Physical exercise during pregnancy contributes to overall improved health post-partum. It is also interesting to highlight the relevance of sleep problems during pregnancy, which influence adequate growth and fetal development. Taking into account these considerations, we conclude that nutrition and metabolic factors during early life play a key role of health promotion and public health nutrition programs worldwide to improve the health of the offspring and the health costs of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (M.L.-F.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio J. Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (M.L.-F.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-241-000 (ext. 20317)
| | - Magdalena Lopez-Frias
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (M.L.-F.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (M.L.-F.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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32
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Predicting Long-Term Respiratory Outcomes in Premature Infants: Is It Time to Move beyond Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia? CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7120283. [PMID: 33321724 PMCID: PMC7763238 DOI: 10.3390/children7120283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Premature birth has been shown to be associated with adverse respiratory health in children and adults; children diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infancy are at particularly high risk. Since its first description by Northway et al. about half a century ago, the definition of BPD has gone through several iterations reflecting the changes in the patient population, advancements in knowledge of lung development and injury, and improvements in perinatal care practices. One of the key benchmarks for optimally defining BPD has been the ability to predict long-term respiratory and health outcomes. This definition is needed by multiple stakeholders for hosts of reasons including: providing parents with some expectations for the future, to guide clinicians for developing longer term follow-up practices, to assist policy makers to allocate resources, and to support researchers involved in developing preventive or therapeutic strategies and designing studies with meaningful outcome measures. Long-term respiratory outcomes in preterm infants with BPD have shown variable results reflecting not only limitations of the current definition of BPD, but also potentially the impact of other prenatal, postnatal and childhood factors on the respiratory health. In this manuscript, we present an overview of the long-term respiratory outcomes in infants with BPD and discuss the role of other modifiable or non-modifiable factors affecting respiratory health in preterm infants. We will also discuss the limitations of using BPD as a predictor of respiratory morbidities and some of the recent advances in delineating the causes and severity of respiratory insufficiency in infants diagnosed with BPD.
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33
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Portas L, Pereira M, Shaheen SO, Wyss AB, London SJ, Burney PGJ, Hind M, Dean CH, Minelli C. Lung Development Genes and Adult Lung Function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:853-865. [PMID: 32392078 PMCID: PMC7491406 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201912-2338oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Poor lung health in adult life may occur partly through
suboptimal growth and development, as suggested by epidemiological evidence
pointing to early life risk factors. Objectives: To systematically investigate the effects of lung
development genes on adult lung function. Methods: Using UK Biobank data, we tested the association of 391
genes known to influence lung development with FVC and FEV1/FVC. We
split the dataset into two random subsets of 207,616 and 138,411 individuals,
using the larger subset to select the most promising signals and the smaller
subset for replication. Measurements and Main Results: We identified 55 genes, of which 36
(16 for FVC, 19 for FEV1/FVC, and one for both) had not been
identified in the largest, most recent genome-wide study of lung function. Most
of these 36 signals were intronic variants; expression data from blood and lung
tissue showed that the majority affect the expression of the genes they lie
within. Further testing of 34 of these 36 signals in the CHARGE and SpiroMeta
consortia showed that 16 replicated after Bonferroni correction and another 12
replicated at nominal significance level. Of the 55 genes, 53 fell into four
biological categories whose function is to regulate organ size and cell
integrity (growth factors; transcriptional regulators; cell-to-cell adhesion;
extracellular matrix), suggesting that these specific processes are important
for adult lung health. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the importance of lung
development genes in regulating adult lung function and influencing both
restrictive and obstructive patterns. Further investigation of these
developmental pathways could lead to druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Portas
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Pereira
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Congenica Ltd., Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Seif O Shaheen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annah B Wyss
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Stephanie J London
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Peter G J Burney
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hind
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Charlotte H Dean
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Cosetta Minelli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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34
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Mishra N, Salvi S, Lyngdoh T, Agrawal A. Low lung function in the developing world is analogous to stunting: a review of the evidence. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:147. [PMID: 33381655 PMCID: PMC7745193 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15929.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Low vital capacity, one of the consequences of restricted lung growth, is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Vital capacity is lower in the developing world than the developed world, even after adjusting for height, weight and gender. This difference is typically dismissed as ethnic variation, adjusted for by redefining normal. Whether this is a consequence of stunted lung growth, rather than just genetically smaller lungs, has not been investigated in detail. Therefore, we sought to compare factors implicated in both stunting and lung development, particularly in the developing world. Methods: We conducted a manual screen of articles identified through Google Scholar and assessed risk of bias. No language restrictions were applied, so long as there was an associated English abstract. We queried VizHub (Global Burden of Disease Visualization Tool) and Google Dataset search engines for disease burden and genome wide association studies. The scope of the article and the heterogeneity of the outcome measures reported required a narrative review of available evidence. To the extent possible, the review follows PRISMA reporting guidelines. Results: Early life influences operate in synergism with genetic, environmental and nutritional factors to influence lung growth and development in children. Low lung function and stunting have common anthropometric, environmental and nutritional correlates originating during early development. Similar anthropometric correlates shared chronic inflammatory pathways, indicated that the two conditions were analogous. Conclusion: The analogy between poor lung function and stunting is conspicuous in the developing world, with malnutrition at the center of non -achievement of growth potential, susceptibility to infectious diseases and intrauterine programming for metabolic syndrome. This counter the idea of redefining the normal for lung function measurements, since observed inter-ethnic variations are likely a mix of natural genetic differences as well as differences in nurture such that reduced lung function reflects early life adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navya Mishra
- Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | | | | | - Anurag Agrawal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India.,CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, Delhi, India
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35
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Tautolo ES, Wong C, Vandal A, Jalili-Moghaddam S, Griffiths E, Iusitini L, Trenholme A, Byrnes C. Respiratory Health of Pacific Youth: An Observational Study of Associated Risk and Protective Factors Throughout Childhood. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e18916. [PMID: 33084587 PMCID: PMC7641786 DOI: 10.2196/18916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory disease is the third most common cause of death in New Zealand, with Pacific people living in New Zealand bearing the greatest burden of this type of disease. Although some epidemiological outcomes are known, we lack the specifics required to formulate targeted and effective public health interventions. The Pacific Islands Families (PIF) birth cohort study is a study that provides a unique source of data to assess lung function and current respiratory health among participants entering early adulthood and to examine associations with early life events during critical periods of growth. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to provide an overview of the design, methods, and scope of the Respiratory Health of Pacific Youth Study, which uses the overall PIF study cohort aged 18-19 years. METHODS From 2000-2019, the PIF study has followed, from birth, the growth, and the development of 1398 Pacific children born in Auckland, New Zealand. Participants were nested within the overall PIF study (at ages 18-19 years) from June 2018, and assessments were undertaken until mid-November 2019. The assessments included respiratory and general medical histories, a general physical examination, assessment of lung function (forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity), self-completed questionnaires (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire, European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions-3 Level, Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents, and Leicester Cough Questionnaire), blood tests (eosinophils, Immunoglobulin E, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin M, and C-reactive protein), and chest x-rays. Noninferential analyses will be carried out on dimensionally reduced risk and protective factors and confounders. RESULTS Data collection began in June 2018 and ended in November 2019, with a total of 466 participants recruited for submission of the paper. Collection and collation of chest x-ray data is still underway, and data analysis and expected results will be published by November 2020. CONCLUSIONS This is the first longitudinal observational study to address the burden of respiratory disease among Pacific youth by determining factors in early life that impose long-term detriments in lung function and are associated with the presence of respiratory illness. Identifying risk factors and the magnitude of their effects will help in adopting preventative measures, establishing whether any avoidable risks can be modified by later resilient behaviors, and provide baseline measurements for the development of respiratory disease in later adult life. The study results can be translated into practice guidelines and inform health strategies with immediate national and international impact. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18916.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Shadan Tautolo
- AUT Pacific Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Conroy Wong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Middlemore Hospital, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alain Vandal
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shabnam Jalili-Moghaddam
- AUT Pacific Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emily Griffiths
- AUT Pacific Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Leon Iusitini
- AUT Pacific Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adrian Trenholme
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Middlemore Hospital, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catherine Byrnes
- Paediatric Department, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
Pregnancy is a time where expectant mothers often focus on their diet to improve their own health and to preserve the future health of their children. There is much conflicting information in the public domain about the safety and/or efficacy of nutritional supplements during pregnancy. Despite this, the market for supplements is growing. This review discusses the roles of critical nutrients in pregnancy and the available evidence on the use of supplements to reduce risks and improve maternal and fetal outcomes. Recommendations are made for pregnant women, taking into account safety data and tolerable upper intakes set for pregnant women. It is important for dieticians, nutritionists, physicians, and other healthcare providers to be able to offer accurate and evidence-based advice on supplement use in pregnancy. Routine supplementation may not be necessary for all, but individuals at risk are identified.
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37
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Gannon BM, Jones C, Mehta S. Vitamin A Requirements in Pregnancy and Lactation. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa142. [PMID: 32999954 PMCID: PMC7513584 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and lactation are critical life stages with unique nutritional requirements, including for vitamin A (VA). Current DRIs for VA were published in 2001. The objective of this review was to identify and categorize evidence related to VA requirements in pregnancy and lactation since these DRIs were formulated. We searched MEDLINE and included articles according to an analytic framework of maternal VA exposure on status and health outcomes in the mother-child dyad. Intermediate and indirect evidence supports that maternal VA intakes can impact the mother's VA status, breastmilk, and health outcomes, as well as the child's VA status and select health outcomes. Food-based approaches can lead to more sustained, sufficient VA status in mothers and children. Research needs include further study linking maternal VA intakes on maternal and child VA status, and further associations with outcomes to determine intake requirements to optimize health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Gannon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology (INSiGHT), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Camille Jones
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology (INSiGHT), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology (INSiGHT), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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38
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Thoene M, Haskett H, Furtado J, Thompson M, Van Ormer M, Hanson C, Anderson-Berry A. Effect of Maternal Retinol Status at Time of Term Delivery on Retinol Placental Concentration, Intrauterine Transfer Rate, and Newborn Retinol Status. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E321. [PMID: 32878318 PMCID: PMC7554945 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol (vitamin A) is essential, so the objective of this Institutional Review Board approved study is to evaluate retinol placental concentration, intrauterine transfer, and neonatal status at time of term delivery between cases of maternal retinol adequacy, insufficiency, and deficiency in a United States population. Birth information and biological samples were collected for mother-infant dyads (n = 260). Maternal and umbilical cord blood retinol concentrations (n = 260) were analyzed by HPLC and categorized: deficient (≤0.7 umol/L), insufficient (>0.7-1.05 umol/L), adequate (>1.05 umol/L). Intrauterine transfer rate was calculated: (umbilical cord blood retinol concentration/maternal retinol concentration) × 100. Non-parametric statistics used include Spearman's correlations, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. p-values <0.05 were statistically significant. Only 51.2% of mothers were retinol adequate, with 38.4% insufficient, 10.4% deficient. Only 1.5% of infants were retinol adequate. Placental concentrations (n = 73) differed between adequate vs. deficient mothers (median 0.13 vs. 0.10 μg/g; p = 0.003). Umbilical cord blood concentrations were similar between deficient, insufficient, and adequate mothers (0.61 vs. 0.55 vs. 0.57 μmol/L; p = 0.35). Intrauterine transfer increased with maternal deficiency (103.4%) and insufficiency (61.2%) compared to adequacy (43.1%), p < 0.0001. Results indicate that intrauterine transfer rate is augmented in cases of maternal retinol inadequacy, leading to similar concentrations in umbilical cord blood at term delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Thoene
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA; (H.H.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Haley Haskett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA; (H.H.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Jeremy Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Maranda Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA; (H.H.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Matthew Van Ormer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA; (H.H.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Corrine Hanson
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984045 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4045, USA;
| | - Ann Anderson-Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA; (H.H.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (A.A.-B.)
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39
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Mishra N, Salvi S, Lyngdoh T, Agrawal A. Low lung function in the developing world is analogous to stunting: a review of the evidence. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:147. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15929.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low vital capacity, one of the consequences of restricted lung growth, is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Vital capacity is lower in the developing world than the developed world, even after adjusting for height, weight and gender. This difference is typically dismissed as ethnic variation, adjusted for by redefining normal. Whether this is a consequence of stunted lung growth, rather than genetically smaller lungs, has not been investigated in detail. Therefore, we sought to compare factors implicated in both stunting and lung development, particularly in the developing world. Methods: We conducted a manual screen of articles identified through Google Scholar and assessed risk of bias. No language restrictions were applied, so long as there was an associated English abstract. We queried VizHub (Global Burden of Disease Visualization Tool) and Google Dataset search engines for disease burden and genome wide association studies. The scope of the article and the heterogeneity of the outcome measures reported required a narrative review of available evidence. To the extent possible, the review follows PRISMA reporting guidelines. Results: Early life influences operate in synergism with environmental and nutritional factors to influence lung growth and development in children. Low lung function and stunting have common anthropometric, environmental and nutritional correlates originating during early development. Similar anthropometric correlates and shared chronic inflammatory pathways indicated that the two conditions were analogous. Conclusion: The analogy between poor lung function and stunting is conspicuous in the developing world, where malnutrition lies at the center of non -achievement of growth potential, susceptibility to infectious diseases and intrauterine programming for metabolic syndrome. The common pathological mechanisms governing stunting and lung function deficits counter the idea of redefining the normal for lung function measurements.
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40
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Wijnant SRA, Lahousse L, Brusselle GG. The global significance of PRISm: how data from low- and middle-income countries link physiology to inflammation. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:55/4/2000354. [PMID: 32273331 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00354-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara R A Wijnant
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Dept of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lies Lahousse
- Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Dept of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium .,Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Dept of Respiratory Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Piersigilli F, Van Grambezen B, Hocq C, Danhaive O. Nutrients and Microbiota in Lung Diseases of Prematurity: The Placenta-Gut-Lung Triangle. Nutrients 2020; 12:E469. [PMID: 32069822 PMCID: PMC7071142 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory function is not only the foremost determinant of life after premature birth, but also a major factor of long-term outcomes. However, the path from placental disconnection to nutritional autonomy is enduring and challenging for the preterm infant and, at each step, will have profound influences on respiratory physiology and disease. Fluid and energy intake, specific nutrients such as amino-acids, lipids and vitamins, and their ways of administration -parenteral or enteral-have direct implications on lung tissue composition and cellular functions, thus affect lung development and homeostasis and contributing to acute and chronic respiratory disorders. In addition, metabolomic signatures have recently emerged as biomarkers of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other neonatal diseases, suggesting a profound implication of specific metabolites such as amino-acids, acylcarnitine and fatty acids in lung injury and repair, inflammation and immune modulation. Recent advances have highlighted the profound influence of the microbiome on many short- and long-term outcomes in the preterm infant. Lung and intestinal microbiomes are deeply intricated, and nutrition plays a prominent role in their establishment and regulation. There is an emerging evidence that human milk prevents bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants, potentially through microbiome composition and/or inflammation modulation. Restoring antibiotic therapy-mediated microbiome disruption is another potentially beneficial action of human milk, which can be in part emulated by pre- and probiotics and supplements. This review will explore the many facets of the gut-lung axis and its pathophysiology in acute and chronic respiratory disorders of the prematurely born infant, and explore established and innovative nutritional approaches for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Piersigilli
- Division of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium; (F.P.); (B.V.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Bénédicte Van Grambezen
- Division of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium; (F.P.); (B.V.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Catheline Hocq
- Division of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium; (F.P.); (B.V.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Olivier Danhaive
- Division of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium; (F.P.); (B.V.G.); (C.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Decrue F, Gorlanova O, Usemann J, Frey U. Lung functional development and asthma trajectories. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:17-27. [PMID: 31989229 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Early life environmental risk factors are associated with chronic respiratory morbidity in child- and adulthood. A possible mechanism for this sustained effect is their influence on early life lung functional growth and development, a susceptible phase of rapid lung growth with increased plasticity. We summarize evidence of hereditary and environmental ante-, peri-, and early postnatal factors on lung functional development, such as air pollution, tobacco exposure, nutrition, intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, early life infections, microbiome, and allergies and their effect on lung functional trajectories. While some of the factors (e.g., prematurity) directly impair lung growth, the influence of many environmental factors is mediated through inflammatory processes (e.g., recurrent infections or oxidative stress). The timing and nature of these influences and their impact result in degrees of impaired maximal lung functional capacity in early adulthood; and they potentially impact future long-term respiratory morbidity such as chronic asthma or chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD). We discuss possibilities to prevent or modify such early abnormal lung functional growth trajectories and the need for future studies and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Decrue
- University Children's Hospital (UKBB), University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olga Gorlanova
- University Children's Hospital (UKBB), University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Usemann
- University Children's Hospital (UKBB), University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Respiratory Medicin, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Frey
- University Children's Hospital (UKBB), University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), the bioactive metabolite of vitamin A (VA), has long been recognized as a critical regulator of the development of the respiratory system. During embryogenesis, RA signaling is involved in the development of the trachea, airways, lung, and diaphragm. During postnatal life, RA continues to impact respiratory health. Disruption of RA activity during embryonic development produces dramatic phenotypes in animal models and human diseases, including tracheoesophageal fistula, tracheomalacia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and lung agenesis or hypoplasia. Several experimental methods have been used to target RA pathways during the formation of the embryonic lung. These have been performed in different animal models using gain- and loss-of-function strategies and dietary, pharmacologic, and genetic approaches that deplete retinoid stores or disrupt retinoid signaling. Experiments utilizing these methods have led to a deeper understanding of RA's role as an important signaling molecule that influences all stages of lung development. Current research is uncovering RA cross talk interactions with other embryonic signaling factors, such as fibroblast growth factors, WNT, and transforming growth factor-beta.
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Beluska-Turkan K, Korczak R, Hartell B, Moskal K, Maukonen J, Alexander DE, Salem N, Harkness L, Ayad W, Szaro J, Zhang K, Siriwardhana N. Nutritional Gaps and Supplementation in the First 1000 Days. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2891. [PMID: 31783636 PMCID: PMC6949907 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimized nutrition during the first 1000 days (from conception through the 2nd birthday) is critical for healthy development and a healthy life for the newborn. Pregnancy and the postpartum period are accompanied by physiological changes, increased energy needs, and changing requirements in the nutrients critical for optimal growth and development. Infants and toddlers also experience physiological changes and have specific nutritional needs. Food and nutrition experts can provide women of childbearing age with adequate dietary advice to optimize nutrition, as well as guidance on selecting appropriate dietary supplements. Considering the approaching 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) will be making specific recommendations for children, it is important to provide accurate scientific information to support health influencers in the field of nutrition. The purpose of this review is to summarize the nutrition and supplementation literature for the first 1000 days; to highlight nutritional and knowledge gaps; and to educate nutrition influencers to provide thoughtful guidance to mothers and families. Optimal nutrition during pregnancy through early childhood is critical for supporting a healthy life. Nutrition influencers, such as dietitians, obstetricians/gynecologists, and other relevant health professionals, should continue guiding supplement and food intake and work closely with expectant families and nutrition gatekeepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Beluska-Turkan
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Renee Korczak
- Premier Nutrition, LLC, Bernardsville, NJ 07924, USA;
| | - Beth Hartell
- PearTree Nutrition, LLC, Seattle, WA 98115, USA;
| | - Kristin Moskal
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | | | | | - Norman Salem
- DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD 21045, USA;
| | - Laura Harkness
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Wafaa Ayad
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Jacalyn Szaro
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kelly Zhang
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Nalin Siriwardhana
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
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The role of epigenetics in respiratory health in urban populations in low and middle-income countries. GLOBAL HEALTH EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENOMICS 2019; 4:e8. [PMID: 32047643 PMCID: PMC6983949 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2019.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As urbanization increases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), urban populations will be increasingly exposed to a range of environmental risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Inadequate living conditions in urban settings may influence mechanisms that regulate gene expression, leading to the development of non-communicable respiratory diseases. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to assess the relationship between respiratory health and epigenetic factors to urban environmental exposures observed in LMICs using MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar searching a combination of the terms: epigenetics, chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), lung development, chronic obstructive airway disease, and asthma. A total of 2835 articles were obtained, and 48 articles were included in this review. We found that environmental factors during early development are related to epigenetic effects that may be associated with a higher risk of CRDs. Epigenetic dysregulation of gene expression of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferase gene families was likely involved in lung health of slum dwellers. Respiratory-related environmental exposures influence HDAC function and deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and are important risk factors in the development of CRD. Additional epigenetic research is needed to improve our understanding of associations between environmental exposures and non-communicable respiratory diseases.
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Maternal serum retinol, 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations during pregnancy and peak bone mass and trabecular bone score in adult offspring at 26-year follow-up. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222712. [PMID: 31557195 PMCID: PMC6762137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin A and D deficiency is prevalent in pregnant women worldwide. Both vitamins are involved in fetal skeletal development. A positive association between maternal vitamin D levels and offspring bone mineral density (BMD) at adulthood has been observed. The impact of maternal vitamin A status in pregnancy on offspring peak bone mass remains unclear. Method and findings Forty-one mother-child pairs were recruited from a population-based prospective cohort study in Trondheim, Norway, where pregnant women were followed from gestational week 17. Their term-born infants were followed from birth (1986–88). Regression analyses were performed for vitamin A (retinol), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] in maternal serum (gestational weeks 17, 33, 37) and cord blood. Offspring BMD and spine trabecular bone score (TBS), a measure of bone quality, were analyzed by dual x-ray absorptiometry at 26 years. Average levels during pregnancy of retinol, 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D were 1.66 (0.32) μmol/L, 59.0 (20.6) nmol/L, and 251.3 (62.4) pmol/L, respectively. 1,25(OH)2D levels were similar in those with 25(OH)D levels <30 and >75 nmol/L. After adjustment for maternal age, BMI, smoking, and education, and offspring birth weight, maternal serum retinol was positively associated with offspring spine BMD [mean change 30.8 (CI 7.6, 54.0) mg/cm2 per 0.2 μmol/L retinol], and with offspring TBS, although non-significant (p = 0.08). No associations were found between maternal 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D levels and offspring bone parameters. Vitamin levels in cord blood were not associated with offspring BMD or TBS. Conclusions This is the first study to show an association between maternal vitamin A status and offspring peak bone mass. Our findings may imply increase future risk for osteoporotic fracture in offspring of mothers with suboptimal vitamin A level. No associations were observed between 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D and offspring BMD.
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Raju S, Keet CA, McCormack MC. Reply to Wei: Are Rural Residence and Poverty Independent Risk Factors for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the United States? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:520. [PMID: 31109175 PMCID: PMC6701033 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201905-0974le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Grigsby MR, Siddharthan T, Pollard SL, Chowdhury M, Rubinstein A, Miranda JJ, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Alam D, Kirenga B, Jones R, van Gemert F, Checkley W. Low Body Mass Index Is Associated with Higher Odds of COPD and Lower Lung Function in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. COPD 2019; 16:58-65. [PMID: 31032662 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2019.1589443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of body mass index (BMI) with lung function and COPD has been previously described in several high-income settings. However, few studies have examined this relationship in resource-limited settings where being underweight is more common. We evaluated the association between BMI and lung function outcomes across 14 diverse low- and middle-income countries. We included data from 12,396 participants aged 35-95 years and used multivariable regressions to assess the relationship between BMI with either COPD and lung function while adjusting for known risk factors. An inflection point was observed at a BMI of 19.8 kg/m2. Participants with BMI < 19.8 kg/m2 had a 2.28 greater odds (95% CI 1.83-2.86) of having COPD and had a 0.21 (0.13-0.30) lower FEV1 and 0.34 (0.27-0.41) lower FEV1/FVC z-score compared to those with BMI ≥ 19.8 kg/m2. The association with lung function remained even after excluding participants with COPD. Individuals with lower BMI were more likely to have COPD and had lower lung function compared to those in higher BMI. The association with lung function remained positive even after excluding participants with COPD, suggesting that being underweight may also play a role in having worse lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Grigsby
- a Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,b Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Trishul Siddharthan
- a Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,b Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Suzanne L Pollard
- a Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,b Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | | | - Adolfo Rubinstein
- d Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- e CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases , Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru.,f Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru
| | - Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
- e CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases , Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru
| | - Dewan Alam
- g School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health , York University , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Bruce Kirenga
- h Makerere Lung Institute , Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Rupert Jones
- i Plymouth University , Plymouth , United Kingdom
| | - Frederick van Gemert
- j University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen , Harlingen , Netherlands
| | - William Checkley
- a Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,b Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
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Siddharthan T, Grigsby M, Morgan B, Kalyesubula R, Wise RA, Kirenga B, Checkley W. Prevalence of chronic respiratory disease in urban and rural Uganda. Bull World Health Organ 2019; 97:318-327. [PMID: 31551628 PMCID: PMC6747035 DOI: 10.2471/blt.18.216523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases in urban and rural Uganda and to identify risk factors for these diseases. Methods The population-based, cross-sectional study included adults aged 35 years or older. All participants were evaluated by spirometry according to standard guidelines and completed questionnaires on respiratory symptoms, functional status and demographic characteristics. The presence of four chronic respiratory conditions was monitored: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, chronic bronchitis and a restrictive spirometry pattern. Findings In total, 1502 participants (average age: 46.9 years) had acceptable, reproducible spirometry results: 837 (56%) in rural Nakaseke and 665 (44%) in urban Kampala. Overall, 46.5% (698/1502) were male. The age-adjusted prevalence of any chronic respiratory condition was 20.2%. The age-adjusted prevalence of COPD was significantly greater in rural than urban participants (6.1 versus 1.5%, respectively; P < 0.001), whereas asthma was significantly more prevalent in urban participants: 9.7% versus 4.4% in rural participants (P < 0.001). The age-adjusted prevalence of chronic bronchitis was similar in rural and urban participants (3.5 versus 2.2%, respectively; P = 0.62), as was that of a restrictive spirometry pattern (10.9 versus 9.4%; P = 0.82). For COPD, the population attributable risk was 51.5% for rural residence, 19.5% for tobacco smoking, 16.0% for a body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2 and 13.0% for a history of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic respiratory disease was high in both rural and urban Uganda. Place of residence was the most important risk factor for COPD and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trishul Siddharthan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument Street, Room 555, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21287, United States of America
| | - Matthew Grigsby
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument Street, Room 555, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21287, United States of America
| | - Brooks Morgan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument Street, Room 555, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21287, United States of America
| | | | - Robert A Wise
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument Street, Room 555, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21287, United States of America
| | - Bruce Kirenga
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - William Checkley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument Street, Room 555, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21287, United States of America
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Bastos Maia S, Rolland Souza AS, Costa Caminha MDF, Lins da Silva S, Callou Cruz RDSBL, Carvalho Dos Santos C, Batista Filho M. Vitamin A and Pregnancy: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030681. [PMID: 30909386 PMCID: PMC6470929 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is a crucial micronutrient for pregnant women and their fetuses. In addition to being essential for morphological and functional development and for ocular integrity, vitamin A exerts systemic effects on several fetal organs and on the fetal skeleton. Vitamin A requirements during pregnancy are therefore greater. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) remains the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world. VAD in pregnant women is a public health issue in most developing countries. In contrast, in some developed countries, excessive vitamin A intake during pregnancy can be a concern since, when in excess, this micronutrient may exert teratogenic effects in the first 60 days following conception. Routine prenatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality is not recommended; however, in regions where VAD is a public health issue, vitamin A supplementation is recommended to prevent night blindness. Given the importance of this topic and the lack of a complete, up-to-date review on vitamin A and pregnancy, an extensive review of the literature was conducted to identify conflicting or incomplete data on the topic as well as any gaps in existing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Bastos Maia
- Maternal and Child Healthcare Postgraduate Program, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife 50070-550, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58059-900, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Alex Sandro Rolland Souza
- Maternal and Child Healthcare Postgraduate Program, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife 50070-550, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Department of Maternal and Child Healthcare, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Catholic University of Pernambuco (UNICAP), Recife 50050-900, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Maria de Fátima Costa Caminha
- Maternal and Child Healthcare Postgraduate Program, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife 50070-550, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Coordination of the Nursing Mentoring Program, Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde (FPS), Recife 51180-001, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Suzana Lins da Silva
- Maternal and Child Healthcare Postgraduate Program, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife 50070-550, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Coordination of the Nursing Mentoring Program, Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde (FPS), Recife 51180-001, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Malaquias Batista Filho
- Maternal and Child Healthcare Postgraduate Program, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife 50070-550, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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