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Phillips KA, Kotsopoulos J, Domchek SM, Terry MB, Chamberlain JA, Bassett JK, Aeilts AM, Andrulis IL, Buys SS, Cui W, Daly MB, Eisen AF, Foulkes WD, Friedlander ML, Gronwald J, Hopper JL, John EM, Karlan BY, Kim RH, Kurian AW, Lubinski J, Metcalfe K, Nathanson KL, Singer CF, Southey MC, Symecko H, Tung N, Narod SA, Milne RL. Hormonal Contraception and Breast Cancer Risk for Carriers of Germline Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. J Clin Oncol 2024:JCO2400176. [PMID: 39356978 DOI: 10.1200/jco.24.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It is uncertain whether, and to what extent, hormonal contraceptives increase breast cancer (BC) risk for germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. METHODS Using pooled observational data from four prospective cohort studies, associations between hormonal contraceptive use and BC risk for unaffected female BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers were assessed using Cox regression. RESULTS Of 3,882 BRCA1 and 1,509 BRCA2 mutation carriers, 53% and 71%, respectively, had ever used hormonal contraceptives for at least 1 year (median cumulative duration of use, 4.8 and 5.7 years, respectively). Overall, 488 BRCA1 and 191 BRCA2 mutation carriers developed BC during median follow-up of 5.9 and 5.6 years, respectively. Although for BRCA1 mutation carriers, neither current nor past use of hormonal contraceptives for at least 1 year was statistically significantly associated with BC risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.40 [95% CI, 0.94 to 2.08], P = .10 for current use; 1.16 [0.80 to 1.69], P = .4, 1.40 [0.99 to 1.97], P = .05, and 1.27 [0.98 to 1.63], P = .07 for past use 1-5, 6-10, and >10 years before, respectively), ever use was associated with increased risk (HR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.60], P = .02). Furthermore, BC risk increased with longer cumulative duration of use, with an estimated proportional increase in risk of 3% (1%-5%, P = .002) for each additional year of use. For BRCA2 mutation carriers, there was no evidence that current or ever use was associated with increased BC risk (HR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.33 to 1.47], P = .3 and 1.07 [0.73 to 1.57], P = .7, respectively). CONCLUSION Hormonal contraceptives were associated with increased BC risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers, especially if used for longer durations. Decisions about their use in women with BRCA1 mutations should carefully weigh the risks and benefits for each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Basser Center for BRCA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - James A Chamberlain
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie K Bassett
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amber M Aeilts
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Internal Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Wanda Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrea F Eisen
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael L Friedlander
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales and Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Raymond H Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kelly Metcalfe
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloomberg School of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Basser Center for BRCA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Breast Health, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Heather Symecko
- Basser Center for BRCA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nadine Tung
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Drysdale AT, Poleshuck E, Ramsey MH, Monk C. New treatments: Opportunities and challenges. Semin Perinatol 2024; 48:151941. [PMID: 39068046 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2024.151941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Across the spectrum of perinatal mental illness, there exist a variety of effective treatments. However, the available treatments are not always matched to the presentation, resources, constraints, or values of each patient. Furthermore, provider, local, and systemic factors complicate access to current treatment options. New and emerging approaches offer the potential of more effective treatment for specific perinatal psychiatric disorders. From neuroactive steroid medications to accelerated psychotherapy interventions, recent innovations have demonstrated enhanced efficacy on a faster timeline. Optimally, these developments will also lower barriers to care but this is not necessarily true. We review novel and upcoming interventions across perinatal mental illness and place them in the context of existing treatments and common challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Drysdale
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Ellen Poleshuck
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States
| | - MaKenzie H Ramsey
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Human Development, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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3
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Yu X, Xu J, Song B, Zhu R, Liu J, Liu YF, Ma YJ. The role of epigenetics in women's reproductive health: the impact of environmental factors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1399757. [PMID: 39345884 PMCID: PMC11427273 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1399757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the significant role of epigenetics in women's reproductive health, focusing on the impact of environmental factors. It highlights the crucial link between epigenetic modifications-such as DNA methylation and histones post-translational modifications-and reproductive health issues, including infertility and pregnancy complications. The paper reviews the influence of pollutants like PM2.5, heavy metals, and endocrine disruptors on gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, emphasizing the need for understanding how dietary, lifestyle choices, and exposure to chemicals affect gene expression and reproductive health. Future research directions include deeper investigation into epigenetics in female reproductive health and leveraging gene editing to mitigate epigenetic changes for improving IVF success rates and managing reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Yu
- College Of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- College Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bihan Song
- College Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Runhe Zhu
- College Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- College Of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Fan Liu
- Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Jie Ma
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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4
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Touraine P, Chabbert-Buffet N, Plu-Bureau G, Duranteau L, Sinclair AH, Tucker EJ. Premature ovarian insufficiency. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024; 10:63. [PMID: 39266563 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-024-00547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a cause of infertility and endocrine dysfunction in women, defined by loss of normal, predictable ovarian activity before the age of 40 years. POI is clinically characterized by amenorrhoea (primary or secondary) with raised circulating levels of follicle-stimulating hormone. This condition can occur due to medical interventions such as ovarian surgery or cytotoxic cancer therapy, metabolic and lysosomal storage diseases, infections, chromosomal anomalies and autoimmune diseases. At least 1 in 100 women is affected by POI, including 1 in 1,000 before the age of 30 years. Substantial evidence suggests a genetic basis to POI. However, the cause of idiopathic POI remains unknown in most patients, indicating that gene variants associated with this condition remain to be discovered. Over the past 10 years, tremendous progress has been made in our knowledge of genes involved in POI. Genetic approaches in diagnosis are important as they enable patients with familial POI to be identified, with the opportunity for oocyte preservation. Moreover, genetic approaches could provide a better understanding of disease mechanisms, which will ultimately aid the development of improved treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Touraine
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, AP-HP Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université Médecine, Paris, France.
- Inserm U1151 INEM, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - Nathalie Chabbert-Buffet
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Tenon Hospital, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR S 938, CDR St Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Genevieve Plu-Bureau
- Department of Medical Gynecology, AP-HP Port Royal-Cochin Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- U1151 EPOPEE Team, Paris, France
| | - Lise Duranteau
- Department of Medical Gynecology, Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Andrew H Sinclair
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena J Tucker
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Ortmann O, Schüler-Toprak S, Kast K. The risk of endocrine interventions in carriers of a genetic predisposition for breast and gynecologic cancers: recommendations of the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:417. [PMID: 39259360 PMCID: PMC11390776 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To support doctors in counselling women with genetic predisposition for breast or gynecologic cancers on endocrine interventions. METHODS Evidence on the safety of endocrine interventions for fertility treatment, contraception, hormone replacement therapy after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) or treatment of symptoms during peri- and postmenopause was analysed for carriers of probably pathogenic and pathogenic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2-pV), in other breast and ovarian cancer genes and the Lynch Syndrome. Cancer risks were compared with data on risks for the general population. RESULTS Data on risk modulation of endocrine interventions in women with genetic predisposition is limited. Ovarian hyperstimulation for fertility treatment may be performed. Oral contraceptives should not be used to reduce ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1/2-pV carriers. Premenopausal BRCA1/2-pV carriers and carriers of pV in Lynch Syndrome genes should be offered hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after RRSO, to prevent diseases caused by estrogen deficiency. CONCLUSION Effect direction and strength of risk modulation by endocrine interventions is similar to the general population. Participation of individuals at risk in prospective registries is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ortmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93055, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - S Schüler-Toprak
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93055, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K Kast
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer and Center for Integrated Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Rakoczy K, Kaczor J, Sołtyk A, Jonderko L, Sędzik M, Lizon J, Lewandowska A, Saczko M, Kulbacka J. Pregnancy, abortion, and birth control methods' complicity with breast cancer occurrence. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 590:112264. [PMID: 38705365 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive factors play significantly important roles in determining the breast cancer (BC) risk. The impact of pregnancy, abortion, and birth control methods on tumor development remains unclear. It has been found that early full-term pregnancies in young women can lower their lifetime risk of developing the type of cancer in question. However, having a first full-term pregnancy at an older age can increase this risk. The relationship between pregnancy and breast cancer (BC) is, however, much more complicated. Both induced and spontaneous abortions lead to sudden changes in hormonal balance, which could cause different effects on sensitive breast epithelial cells, making abortion a potential risk factor for breast cancer. The influence of hormonal contraception on carcinogenesis is not comprehensively understood, and therefore, more exhaustive analysis of existing data and further investigation is needed. This review explores how the mentioned reproductive factors affect the risk of breast cancer (BC), focusing on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to its complexity. By comprehending this intricate network of relationships, we can develop new strategies for predicting and treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rakoczy
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Kaczor
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Sołtyk
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Laura Jonderko
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Sędzik
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julia Lizon
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Lewandowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Saczko
- A. Falkiewicz Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Warszawska 2, 52-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, 08410, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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7
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Suba Z. Estrogen Regulated Genes Compel Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells, Whilst Stimulate Antitumor Activity in Peritumoral Immune Cells in a Janus-Faced Manner. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:4885-4907. [PMID: 39329990 PMCID: PMC11431267 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31090362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer incidence and mortality exhibit a rising trend globally among both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, suggesting that there are serious errors in our preventive and therapeutic measures. Purpose: Providing a series of valuable, but misunderstood inventions highlighting the role of increasing estrogen signaling in prevention and therapy of breast cancer instead of its inhibition. Results: 1. Breast cells and breast cancer cells with germline BRCA1/2 mutations similarly show defects in liganded estrogen receptor (ER) signaling, demonstrating its role in genomic instability and cancer initiation. 2. In breast tumors, the increased expression of special receptor family maybe an effort for self-directed improvement of genomic defects, while the weakness or loss of receptors indicates a defect requiring medical repair. 3. ER overexpression in breast cancer cells is capable of strengthening estrogen signaling and DNA repair, while in ER negative tumors, HER2 overexpression tries to upregulate unliganded ER activation and genome stabilization. 4. ER-positive breast cancers responsive to endocrine therapy may show a compensatory ER overexpression resulting in a transient tumor response. Breast cancers non-responsive to antiestrogen treatment exhibit HER2-overexpression for compensating the complete inhibition of hormonal ER activation. 5. In breast tumors, somatic mutations serve upregulation of ER activation via liganded or unliganded pathway helping genome stabilization and apoptotic death. 6. The mutual communication between breast cancer and its inflammatory environment is a wonderful partnership among cells fighting for genome stabilization and apoptotic death of tumor. 7. In breast cancers, there is no resistance to genotoxic or immune blocker therapies, but rather, the nonresponsive tumor cells exhaust all compensatory possibilities against therapeutic damages. Conclusions: Understanding the behavior and ambition of breast cancer cells may achieve a turn in therapy via applying supportive care instead of genotoxic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Suba
- Department of Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Ráth György Str. 7-9, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Yu J, Yan Y, Li S, Xu Y, Parolia A, Rizvi S, Wang W, Zhai Y, Xiao R, Li X, Liao P, Zhou J, Okla K, Lin H, Lin X, Grove S, Wei S, Vatan L, Hu J, Szumilo J, Kotarski J, Freeman ZT, Skala S, Wicha M, Cho KR, Chinnaiyan AM, Schon S, Wen F, Kryczek I, Wang S, Chen L, Zou W. Progestogen-driven B7-H4 contributes to onco-fetal immune tolerance. Cell 2024; 187:4713-4732.e19. [PMID: 38968937 PMCID: PMC11344674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Immune tolerance mechanisms are shared in cancer and pregnancy. Through cross-analyzing single-cell RNA-sequencing data from multiple human cancer types and the maternal-fetal interface, we found B7-H4 (VTCN1) is an onco-fetal immune tolerance checkpoint. We showed that genetic deficiency of B7-H4 resulted in immune activation and fetal resorption in allogeneic pregnancy models. Analogously, B7-H4 contributed to MPA/DMBA-induced breast cancer progression, accompanied by CD8+ T cell exhaustion. Female hormone screening revealed that progesterone stimulated B7-H4 expression in placental and breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, progesterone receptor (PR) bound to a newly identified -58 kb enhancer, thereby mediating B7-H4 transcription via the PR-P300-BRD4 axis. PR antagonist or BRD4 degrader potentiated immunotherapy in a murine B7-H4+ breast cancer model. Thus, our work unravels a mechanistic and biological connection of a female sex hormone (progesterone) to onco-fetal immune tolerance via B7-H4 and suggests that the PR-P300-BRD4 axis is targetable for treating B7-H4+ cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yijian Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Abhijit Parolia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Syed Rizvi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan School of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Weichao Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yiwen Zhai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rongxin Xiao
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiong Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karolina Okla
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Heng Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xun Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sara Grove
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linda Vatan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jiantao Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justyna Szumilo
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jan Kotarski
- Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Zachary T Freeman
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie Skala
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Max Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen R Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samantha Schon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan School of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ilona Kryczek
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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9
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Frandsen CLB, Nøhr B, Gottschau M, Viuff JH, Maltesen T, Kjær SK, Svendsen PF, Jensen A. Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk of breast cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024:10.1007/s10549-024-07467-8. [PMID: 39167287 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although some reproductive and metabolic characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are known risk factors for breast cancer, the evidence regarding a potential association between PCOS and breast cancer is scarce. In this population-based cohort study including all 1,719,452 women born in Denmark between 1940 and 1993, we investigated the association between PCOS and breast cancer. METHODS PCOS diagnoses, cancer diagnoses, covariates, migrations, and vital status were all obtained from national population and health registers. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for breast cancer overall and for histological subtypes separately were calculated based on adjusted cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 26 years, 63,078 women were diagnosed with breast cancer. We found an increased risk of breast cancer overall among women with PCOS compared with women without PCOS (HR: 1.21, 95% CI 1.02-1.44). In analyses stratified for menopausal status, the increased risk was restricted to postmenopausal women (HR: 1.63, 95% CI 1.23-2.15). The results for ductal and lobular histological subtypes analyses separately resembled those observed for breast cancer overall. CONCLUSION This is the first study to report an increased risk of breast cancer among women with a history of PCOS. The increased risk was seemingly confined to postmenopausal women. Our results therefore contribute to an increased knowledge of the etiology of breast cancer, but our findings should be further confirmed in other large cohort studies with an appropriately long follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa L B Frandsen
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bugge Nøhr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathilde Gottschau
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob H Viuff
- Diet, Cancer and Health, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Maltesen
- Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne K Kjær
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille F Svendsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Jensen
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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10
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Chang CJ, Ish JL, Chang VC, Daniel M, Jones RR, White AJ. Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:1182-1196. [PMID: 38400646 PMCID: PMC11299034 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We synthesized the epidemiologic evidence on the associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and breast cancer risk. Our systematic review and meta-analysis included 18 and 11 articles, respectively, covering studies up to February 2023. The summary relative risks (RRs) estimated by random-effects meta-analyses did not support an association between PFAS and overall breast cancer risk (eg, a natural log (ln)-unit increase in serum/plasma concentrations [ng/mL] for perfluorooctanoate [PFOA] RR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.77-1.18; perfluorooctane sulfonate [PFOS] RR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.87-1.11). However, when limiting to studies that assessed exposures prior to a breast cancer diagnosis, we observed a positive association with PFOA (a ln-unit increase, RR = 1.16; 95% CI, 0.96-1.40). We also observed some possible heterogeneous associations by tumor estrogen and progesterone receptor status among postmenopausal breast cancer cases. No meaningful changes were observed after excluding the studies with high risk of bias (Tier 3). Based on the evaluation tool developed by the National Toxicology Program, given the heterogeneity across studies and the variability in timing of exposure measurements, the epidemiologic evidence needed to determine the association between PFAS exposure and breast cancer remains inadequate. Our findings support the need for future studies with improved study designs to determine this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jung Chang
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Jennifer L Ish
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Vicky C Chang
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Meklit Daniel
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
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11
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Kumar N, Ehsan S, Banerjee S, Fernandez Perez C, Lhuilier I, Neuner J, Friebel-Klingner T, Fayanju OM, Nair B, Niinuma SA, Nampoothiri S, McCarthy AM. The unique risk factor profile of triple-negative breast cancer: a comprehensive meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:1210-1219. [PMID: 38445713 PMCID: PMC11308168 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis compared with other breast cancer subtypes. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines whether known risk factors for breast cancer are also associated with TNBC in adult women. METHODS EMBASE, Medline, SCOPUS, and gray literature were queried with no limit on the date or language of publication. The exposures of interest included parity, breastfeeding, duration of breastfeeding, age at menarche, age at first live birth, oral contraceptive (OC) use, duration of OC use, use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), family history, body mass index (BMI), alcohol use, smoking, and breast density. The main outcome of interest was TNBC. Study quality was determined using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for case control studies and cohort studies. We estimated weighted odds ratios from random effects models to study the exposure-outcome associations. Protocol was registered under the number: PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021254594. RESULTS Thirty-three studies were included. Family history, longer duration of OC use, and higher breast density were significantly associated with increased risk for TNBC, whereas later age at menarche, later age at first birth, and breastfeeding were protective against TNBC. Parity, MHT, alcohol, smoking, and BMI were not significantly associated with TNBC overall, but higher parity was associated with higher risk among Black women. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight that TNBC has a distinct risk factor profile compared with overall breast cancer. This can be the foundational work in identification of actionable TNBC risk factors to improve prevention and early detection of these poor prognosis breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitya Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Sarah Ehsan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shahana Banerjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudia Fernandez Perez
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isabelle Lhuilier
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jillian Neuner
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tara Friebel-Klingner
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oluwadamilola M Fayanju
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bindhu Nair
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Sara Anjum Niinuma
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | | | - Anne Marie McCarthy
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Yuk JS. Relationship between menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 166:735-744. [PMID: 38469634 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the risk of breast cancer associated with menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), including the various progestogens used today. METHODS The study included postmenopausal women over 40 years from the National Health Insurance Database in South Korea (2011-2014) who either used MHT for over 6 months (MHT group) or never used MHT (non-MHT group) and were matched 1:1 based on several variables using propensity score matching. Both groups were followed until 2020. RESULTS The non-MHT and MHT groups comprised 153 736 women each. In Cox proportional hazard analysis with time-dependent covariates, MHT was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-1.3). Tibolone, estradiol valerate (EV)/medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), EV/norethisterone acetate (NETA), conjugated equine estrogen (CEE), EV, estradiol hemihydrate (EH), CEE/micronized progesterone (MP), CEE/MPA, EV/MP, EV/MPA, and EH/MP did not increase the risk of breast cancer compared with the non-MHT group. However, EH/drospirenone (DRSP) (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.38-1.66), EH/NETA (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.34-2.06), EH/dydrogesterone (DYD) (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.12-1.68), and EV/cyproterone acetate (CPA) (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.54-1.96) increased the risk of breast cancer compared with the non-MHT group. CONCLUSIONS MHT was linked to increased breast cancer risk, but not all MHTs. Specific combined therapies (EH/DRSP, EH/DYD, EH/NETA, and EV/CPA) were associated with higher risk, whereas estrogen alone and tibolone were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Yuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, School of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Bartkowiak-Wieczorek J, Jaros A, Gajdzińska A, Wojtyła-Buciora P, Szymański I, Szymaniak J, Janusz W, Walczak I, Jonaszka G, Bienert A. The Dual Faces of Oestrogen: The Impact of Exogenous Oestrogen on the Physiological and Pathophysiological Functions of Tissues and Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8167. [PMID: 39125736 PMCID: PMC11311417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oestrogen plays a crucial physiological role in both women and men. It regulates reproductive functions and maintains various non-reproductive tissues through its receptors, such as oestrogen receptor 1/oestrogen receptor α (ESR1/Erα), oestrogen receptor 2/oestrogen receptor β (ESR2/Erβ), and G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor 1 (GPER). This hormone is essential for the proper functioning of women's ovaries and uterus. Oestrogen supports testicular function and spermatogenesis in men and contributes to bone density, cardiovascular health, and metabolic processes in both sexes. Nuclear receptors Er-α and Er-β belong to the group of transcription activators that stimulate cell proliferation. In the environment, compounds similar in structure to the oestrogens compete with endogenous hormones for binding sites to receptors and to disrupt homeostasis. The lack of balance in oestrogen levels can lead to infertility, cancer, immunological disorders, and other conditions. Exogenous endocrine-active compounds, such as bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, and organic phosphoric acid esters, can disrupt signalling pathways responsible for cell division and apoptosis processes. The metabolism of oestrogen and its structurally similar compounds can produce carcinogenic substances. It can also stimulate the growth of cancer cells by regulating genes crucial for cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, with long-term elevated levels linked to hormone-dependent cancers such as breast cancer. Oestrogens can also affect markers of immunological activation and contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. Hormone replacement therapy, oral contraception, in vitro fertilisation stimulation, and hormonal stimulation of transgender people can increase the risk of breast cancer. Cortisol, similar in structure to oestrogen, can serve as a biomarker associated with the risk of developing breast cancer. The aim of this review is to analyse the sources of oestrogens and their effects on the endogenous and exogenous process of homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bartkowiak-Wieczorek
- Physiology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.G.); (P.W.-B.); (I.S.); (J.S.); (W.J.); (I.W.); (G.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Jaros
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Gajdzińska
- Physiology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.G.); (P.W.-B.); (I.S.); (J.S.); (W.J.); (I.W.); (G.J.)
| | - Paulina Wojtyła-Buciora
- Physiology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.G.); (P.W.-B.); (I.S.); (J.S.); (W.J.); (I.W.); (G.J.)
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland
| | - Igor Szymański
- Physiology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.G.); (P.W.-B.); (I.S.); (J.S.); (W.J.); (I.W.); (G.J.)
| | - Julian Szymaniak
- Physiology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.G.); (P.W.-B.); (I.S.); (J.S.); (W.J.); (I.W.); (G.J.)
| | - Wojciech Janusz
- Physiology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.G.); (P.W.-B.); (I.S.); (J.S.); (W.J.); (I.W.); (G.J.)
| | - Iga Walczak
- Physiology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.G.); (P.W.-B.); (I.S.); (J.S.); (W.J.); (I.W.); (G.J.)
| | - Gabriela Jonaszka
- Physiology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.G.); (P.W.-B.); (I.S.); (J.S.); (W.J.); (I.W.); (G.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Bienert
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.J.); (A.B.)
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14
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Atroosh F, Al-Habori M, Al-Eryani E, Saif-Ali R. Impact of khat (Catha edulis) and oral contraceptive use on telomerase levels and tumor suppressor genes p53 and p21 in normal subjects and breast cancer patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16365. [PMID: 39013992 PMCID: PMC11252306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral contraceptive (OC) use, khat chewing, and their combined effect on telomerase level and tumor suppressor genes, p53 and p21 in breast cancer (BC) patients and normal volunteers. 140 Yemeni women aged 25-40 years old enrolled, 60 newly diagnosed pretreated BC patients, and 80 control subjects. Venous blood (5 ml) was collected and the results showed BC patients to have significantly raised levels of telomerase, p53, and p21 compared to the control group. The use of OCs significantly raised telomerase in control group with no effect in BC patients; whereas p53 and p21 were significantly increased in BC patients. On the other hand, khat chewing significantly increased p53 in controls and BC patients, whereas p21 was significantly raised in BC patients. The combined use of OCs and khat chewing significantly increased telomerase and p53 in control group, and significantly increased p53 and p21 in BC patients. Telomerase was shown to be a risk factor (OR 4.4) for BC, and the use of OCs was a high-risk factor for increasing telomerase (OR 27.8) in normal subjects. In contrast, khat chewing was shown to be protective (OR 0.142), and the combined use of OCs and khat chewing decreased the risk factor of telomerase from OR 27.8 to 2.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fairooz Atroosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Molham Al-Habori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen.
| | - Ekram Al-Eryani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Riyadh Saif-Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen
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15
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Maranha A, Alarico S, Nunes-Costa D, Melo-Marques I, Roxo I, Castanheira P, Caramelo O, Empadinhas N. Drinking Water Microbiota, Entero-Mammary Pathways, and Breast Cancer: Focus on Nontuberculous Mycobacteria. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1425. [PMID: 39065193 PMCID: PMC11279143 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prospect of drinking water serving as a conduit for gut bacteria, artificially selected by disinfection strategies and a lack of monitoring at the point of use, is concerning. Certain opportunistic pathogens, notably some nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), often exceed coliform bacteria levels in drinking water, posing safety risks. NTM and other microbiota resist chlorination and thrive in plumbing systems. When inhaled, opportunistic NTM can infect the lungs of immunocompromised or chronically ill patients and the elderly, primarily postmenopausal women. When ingested with drinking water, NTM often survive stomach acidity, reach the intestines, and migrate to other organs using immune cells as vehicles, potentially colonizing tumor tissue, including in breast cancer. The link between the microbiome and cancer is not new, yet the recognition of intratumoral microbiomes is a recent development. Breast cancer risk rises with age, and NTM infections have emerged as a concern among breast cancer patients. In addition to studies hinting at a potential association between chronic NTM infections and lung cancer, NTM have also been detected in breast tumors at levels higher than normal adjacent tissue. Evaluating the risks of continued ingestion of contaminated drinking water is paramount, especially given the ability of various bacteria to migrate from the gut to breast tissue via entero-mammary pathways. This underscores a pressing need to revise water safety monitoring guidelines and delve into hormonal factors, including addressing the disproportionate impact of NTM infections and breast cancer on women and examining the potential health risks posed by the cryptic and unchecked microbiota from drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maranha
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC-UC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.M.); (S.A.); (D.N.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (I.R.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine & Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Alarico
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC-UC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.M.); (S.A.); (D.N.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (I.R.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine & Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Nunes-Costa
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC-UC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.M.); (S.A.); (D.N.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (I.R.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine & Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Melo-Marques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC-UC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.M.); (S.A.); (D.N.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (I.R.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine & Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Roxo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC-UC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.M.); (S.A.); (D.N.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (I.R.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine & Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Ph.D. Programme in Biomedicine and Experimental Biology (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Olga Caramelo
- Gynecology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre (CHUC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Nuno Empadinhas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC-UC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.M.); (S.A.); (D.N.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (I.R.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine & Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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16
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Asubiaro J. The Impact of Hormonal Contraceptives on the Incidence and Progression of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e65366. [PMID: 39184751 PMCID: PMC11344578 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review examines the impact of hormonal contraceptives on the incidence and progression of cardiovascular diseases in women. We analyzed 14 high-quality studies published between 1998 and 2018, including meta-analyses, cohort studies, case-control studies, and systematic reviews. The aim was to synthesize the current understanding of the relationship between various hormonal contraceptives and cardiovascular risks, focusing on outcomes such as venous thromboembolism, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction. The 14 selected studies represent a comprehensive and diverse body of evidence, allowing for a nuanced analysis of the topic. Our findings indicate that combined oral contraceptives are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, with the magnitude of risk varying based on estrogen dose, progestogen type, and individual risk factors. The review of these studies highlights the importance of personalized risk assessment in contraceptive counseling and prescribing practices. By synthesizing data from these key studies, we provide a consolidated view of the current state of knowledge regarding hormonal contraceptives and cardiovascular health, offering valuable insights for both clinicians and researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Asubiaro
- Aesthetics, JS Medical Aesthetics, Essex, GBR
- Psychiatry, Rhodes Wood Hospital, Elysium Healthcare, London, GBR
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17
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Fruzzetti F, Fidecicchi T, Gambacciani M. Oestrogens in oral contraception: considerations for tailoring prescription to women's needs. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2024; 29:93-102. [PMID: 38683756 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2024.2334350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oestrogenic component of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) has changed over years with the aim of reducing oestrogen-related side effects and risks, whilst maintaining oestrogen beneficial effects, particularly on cycle control. PURPOSE To describe the pharmacological profiles of different oestrogens commonly used in COCs to provide insights on contraceptive prescription tailored to women's needs. RESULTS All COCs ensure a high contraceptive efficacy. COCs containing the natural oestrogens oestradiol (E2), oestradiol valerate (E2V) and estetrol (E4) have limited impact on liver metabolism, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, haemostasis and sex hormone binding globulin levels, compared with ethinylestradiol (EE). COCs with E2 and E2V appear also to entail a lower elevation of the risk of venous thromboembolism vs. EE-containing pills. No epidemiological data are available for E4-COC. E2- and E2V-containing COCs seem to exert a less stabilising oestrogenic effect on the endometrium compared with EE-COCs. The E4-COC results in a predictable bleeding pattern with a high rate of scheduled bleeding and minimal unscheduled bleeding per cycle. Based on in vitro and in vivo animal data, E4 seems to be associated with a lower effect on cell breast proliferation. CONCLUSION Today various COCs contain different oestrogens. Prescribers must be familiar with the different properties of each oestrogen for a tailored contraceptive recommendation, considering their safety and contraceptive efficacy, as well as women's needs and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Fruzzetti
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, San Rossore Clinical Center, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Fidecicchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Santa Chiara, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Gambacciani
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, San Rossore Clinical Center, Pisa, Italy
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Tang L, Wang Y, Yan W, Zhang Z, Luo S, Wen Q, Wang S, Zhou N, Chen Q, Xu Y. Exposure to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and breast neoplasm incidence: A cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171819. [PMID: 38508268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental endocrine disruptors. As the predominant phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) has been considered possibly carcinogenic to humans but large-scale longitudinal evidence is needed to further clarify its carcinogenicity. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between DEHP exposure and incidence of breast malignant neoplasm, carcinoma in situ and benign neoplasm. METHODS A total of 273,295 women from UK Biobank cohort were followed up for a median of 13.5 years. Disease information was collected from National Health Service Cancer Registry and National Death Index. Baseline and yearly-average level of DEHP exposure were estimated for each individual by linking chemical monitoring record of European Environment Agency with home address of the participants by Kriging interpolation model. Cox proportional hazard model was employed to estimate the association between DEHP exposure and breast neoplasms. RESULTS The median (IQR) of baseline and yearly-average DEHP concentration were 8000.25 (interquartile range: 6657.85-11,948.83) and 8000.25 (interquartile range: 1819.93-11,359.55) μg/L. The highest quartile of baseline DEHP was associated with 1.11 fold risk of carcinoma in situ (95 % CI, 1.00, 1.23, p < 0.001) and 1.27 fold risk of benign neoplasm (95 % CI, 1.05, 1.54, p < 0.001). As for yearly-average exposure, each quartile of DEHP was positively associated with higher risk of malignant neoplasm (HR, 1.05; 95 % CI, 1.03, 1.07, p < 0.001), carcinoma in situ (HR, 1.08; 95 % CI, 1.04, 1.11, p < 0.001) and benign neoplasm (HR, 1.13; 95 % CI, 1.07, 1.20, p < 0.001). Stratification analysis showed no significant modification effects on the DEHP-neoplasm relationship by menopausal status or ethnicity but a suggestive higher risk in younger women and those who underwent oral contraceptive pill therapy. In sensitivity analysis, the associations remained when excluding the cases diagnosed within 2 years post baseline. CONCLUSIONS Real-world level of DEHP exposure was associated with higher risk of breast neoplasms. Because of the health risks associated with DEHP, its release to the environment should be managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Tang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wenting Yan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siwen Luo
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaorui Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shengfeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Niya Zhou
- Clinical Research Centre, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Research Centre for Prevention & Control of Maternal and Child Diseases and Public Health, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Qing Chen
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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19
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Zabala AS, Conforti RA, Delsouc MB, Filippa V, Montt-Guevara MM, Giannini A, Simoncini T, Vallcaneras SS, Casais M. Estetrol Inhibits Endometriosis Development in an In Vivo Murine Model. Biomolecules 2024; 14:580. [PMID: 38785987 PMCID: PMC11118049 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, and it is associated with alterations in the expression of hormone receptors and inflammation. Estetrol (E4) is a weak estrogen that recently has been approved for contraception. We evaluated the effect of E4 on the growth of endometriotic-like lesions and the expression of TNF-α, estrogen receptors (ERs), and progesterone receptors (PRs) in an in vivo murine model. Endometriosis was induced surgically in female C57BL/6 mice. E4 was delivered via Alzet pump (3 mg/kg/day) from the 15th postoperative day for 4 weeks. E4 significantly reduced the volume (p < 0.001) and weight (p < 0.05) of ectopic lesions. Histologically, E4 did not affect cell proliferation (PCNA immunohistochemistry) but it did increase cell apoptosis (TUNEL assay) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, it modulated oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, and GPX activity, p < 0.05) and increased lipid peroxidation (TBARS/MDA, p < 0.01). Molecular analysis showed mRNA (RT-qPCR) and protein (ELISA) expression of TNF-α decreased (p < 0.05) and mRNA expression of Esr2 reduced (p < 0.05), in contrast with the increased expression of Esr1 (p < 0.01) and Pgr (p < 0.05). The present study demonstrates for the first time that E4 limited the development and progression of endometriosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Zabala
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), San Luis D5700HHW, Argentina; (A.S.Z.); (R.A.C.); (M.B.D.)
| | - Rocío Ayelem Conforti
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), San Luis D5700HHW, Argentina; (A.S.Z.); (R.A.C.); (M.B.D.)
| | - María Belén Delsouc
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), San Luis D5700HHW, Argentina; (A.S.Z.); (R.A.C.); (M.B.D.)
| | - Verónica Filippa
- Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis D5700HHW, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Luis D5700HHW, Argentina
| | - Maria Magdalena Montt-Guevara
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.M.-G.); (A.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Andrea Giannini
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.M.-G.); (A.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Tommaso Simoncini
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.M.-G.); (A.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Sandra Silvina Vallcaneras
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), San Luis D5700HHW, Argentina; (A.S.Z.); (R.A.C.); (M.B.D.)
| | - Marilina Casais
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), San Luis D5700HHW, Argentina; (A.S.Z.); (R.A.C.); (M.B.D.)
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20
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Cirillo F, Spinelli A, Talia M, Scordamaglia D, Santolla MF, Grande F, Rizzuti B, Maggiolini M, Gérard C, Lappano R. Estetrol/GPER/SERPINB2 transduction signaling inhibits the motility of triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Transl Med 2024; 22:450. [PMID: 38741146 PMCID: PMC11089683 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estetrol (E4) is a natural estrogen produced by the fetal liver during pregnancy. Due to its favorable safety profile, E4 was recently approved as estrogenic component of a new combined oral contraceptive. E4 is a selective ligand of estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ, but its binding to the G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) has not been described to date. Therefore, we aimed to explore E4 action in GPER-positive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cells. METHODS The potential interaction between E4 and GPER was investigated by molecular modeling and binding assays. The whole transcriptomic modulation triggered by E4 in TNBC cells via GPER was explored through high-throughput RNA sequencing analyses. Gene and protein expression evaluations as well as migration and invasion assays allowed us to explore the involvement of the GPER-mediated induction of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (SERPINB2) in the biological responses triggered by E4 in TNBC cells. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis was aimed at recognizing the biological significance of SERPINB2 in ER-negative breast cancer patients. RESULTS After the molecular characterization of the E4 binding capacity to GPER, RNA-seq analysis revealed that the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (SERPINB2) is one of the most up-regulated genes by E4 in a GPER-dependent manner. Worthy, we demonstrated that the GPER-mediated increase of SERPINB2 is engaged in the anti-migratory and anti-invasive effects elicited by E4 in TNBC cells. In accordance with these findings, a correlation between SERPINB2 levels and a good clinical outcome was found in ER-negative breast cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results provide new insights into the mechanisms through which E4 can halt migratory and invasive features of TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Asia Spinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Marianna Talia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Domenica Scordamaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Santolla
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Fedora Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Bruno Rizzuti
- Department of Physics, CNR-NANOTEC, SS Rende (CS), University of Calabria, Rende, CS, 87036, Italy
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Céline Gérard
- Mithra Pharmaceutical, Rue Saint-Georges 5, Liège, 4000, Belgium.
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy.
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21
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Coles CE, Earl H, Anderson BO, Barrios CH, Bienz M, Bliss JM, Cameron DA, Cardoso F, Cui W, Francis PA, Jagsi R, Knaul FM, McIntosh SA, Phillips KA, Radbruch L, Thompson MK, André F, Abraham JE, Bhattacharya IS, Franzoi MA, Drewett L, Fulton A, Kazmi F, Inbah Rajah D, Mutebi M, Ng D, Ng S, Olopade OI, Rosa WE, Rubasingham J, Spence D, Stobart H, Vargas Enciso V, Vaz-Luis I, Villarreal-Garza C. The Lancet Breast Cancer Commission. Lancet 2024; 403:1895-1950. [PMID: 38636533 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Earl
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin O Anderson
- Global Breast Cancer Initiative, World Health Organisation and Departments of Surgery and Global Health Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlos H Barrios
- Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maya Bienz
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, London, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - David A Cameron
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer and Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fatima Cardoso
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center/Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Wanda Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Prudence A Francis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Felicia Marie Knaul
- Institute for Advanced Study of the Americas, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Tómatelo a Pecho, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stuart A McIntosh
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lukas Radbruch
- Department of Palliative Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Jean E Abraham
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Lynsey Drewett
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Farasat Kazmi
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Dianna Ng
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Szeyi Ng
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - William E Rosa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia Villarreal-Garza
- Breast Cancer Center, Hospital Zambrano Hellion TecSalud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
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22
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Suba Z. DNA Damage Responses in Tumors Are Not Proliferative Stimuli, but Rather They Are DNA Repair Actions Requiring Supportive Medical Care. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1573. [PMID: 38672654 PMCID: PMC11049279 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In tumors, somatic mutagenesis presumably drives the DNA damage response (DDR) via altered regulatory pathways, increasing genomic instability and proliferative activity. These considerations led to the standard therapeutic strategy against cancer: the disruption of mutation-activated DNA repair pathways of tumors. PURPOSE Justifying that cancer cells are not enemies to be killed, but rather that they are ill human cells which have the remnants of physiologic regulatory pathways. RESULTS 1. Genomic instability and cancer development may be originated from a flaw in estrogen signaling rather than excessive estrogen signaling; 2. Healthy cells with genomic instability exhibit somatic mutations, helping DNA restitution; 3. Somatic mutations in tumor cells aim for the restoration of DNA damage, rather than further genomic derangement; 4. In tumors, estrogen signaling drives the pathways of DNA stabilization, leading to apoptotic death; 5. In peritumoral cellular infiltration, the genomic damage of the tumor induces inflammatory cytokine secretion and increased estrogen synthesis. In the inflammatory cells, an increased growth factor receptor (GFR) signaling confers the unliganded activation of estrogen receptors (ERs); 6. In breast cancer cells responsive to genotoxic therapy, constitutive mutations help the upregulation of estrogen signaling and consequential apoptosis. In breast tumors non-responsive to genotoxic therapy, the possibilities for ER activation via either liganded or unliganded pathways are exhausted, leading to farther genomic instability and unrestrained proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the real character and behavior of human tumors at the molecular level suggests that we should learn the genome repairing methods of tumors and follow them by supportive therapy, rather than provoking additional genomic damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Suba
- Department of Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Ráth György Str. 7-9, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
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23
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Traoré L, Savadogo M, Zouré AA, Kiendrebeogo TI, Soudre FMBTB, Dabre S, Traore ADD, Adico MDW, Lare T, Ouedraogo TWC, Ouedraogo RA, Ouattara AK, Yelemkoure ET, Sawadogo AY, Zongo N, Bambara HA, Nadembega CW, Djigma FW, Simpore J. Carrying SNP rs17506395 (T > G) in TP63 gene and CCR5Δ32 mutation associated with the occurrence of breast cancer in Burkina Faso. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220847. [PMID: 38585642 PMCID: PMC10998675 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations in the TP63 (GenBank: NC_000003.12, ID: 8626) and CCR5 (receptor 5 chemokine co-receptor) (GenBank: NC_000003.12, ID: 1234) genes may increase the risk of developing breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the probable involvement of polymorphisms rs17506395 in the TP63 (tumour protein 63) gene and the CCR5Δ32 mutation in the occurrence of breast cancer in Burkina Faso. This case-control study included 72 patients and 72 controls. Genotyping of SNP rs17506395 (TP63) was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and genotyping of the CCR5Δ32 mutation was performed by allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction. For SNP rs17506395 (TP63), the genotypic frequencies of wild-type homozygotes (TT) and heterozygotes (TG) were, respectively, 27.72 and 72.22% in cases and 36.11 and 63.89% in controls. No mutated homozygotes (GG) were observed. For the CCR5Δ32 mutation, the genotypic frequencies of wild-type homozygotes (WT/WT) and heterozygotes (WT/Δ32) were 87.5 and 13.5%, respectively, in the cases and 89.29 and 10.71%, respectively, in the controls. No mutated homozygotes (Δ32/Δ32) were observed. None of the polymorphisms rs17506395 of the TP63 gene (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 0.69-3.17, P = 0.284) and the CCR5Δ32 mutation (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.46-3.77; P = 0.79) were associated with the occurrence of breast cancer in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lassina Traoré
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Mousso Savadogo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdou Azaque Zouré
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
- Biomedical Research Laboratory (LaReBio), Biomedical and Public Health Department, Health Sciences Research Institute (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7192Ouaga 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Touwendpoulimdé Isabelle Kiendrebeogo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Fabienne Marie B. T. B. Soudre
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Laboratory Department, University Hospital Centre-Yalgado OUEDRAOGO, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, UFR/SDS, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Soayebo Dabre
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Aida Djé Djénéba Traore
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Marc Donald Wilfried Adico
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Tilate Lare
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Teega-Wendé Clarisse Ouedraogo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Rogomenoma Alice Ouedraogo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
- Gaoua University Centre, NAZI BONI University, 01 BP 1091, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoul Karim Ouattara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
- Manga University Centre, Norbert ZONGO University, Koudougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Edwige T. Yelemkoure
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Alexis Yobi Sawadogo
- Gynecology Department, Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital, UFR/SDS, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Nayi Zongo
- Department of Surgery, Visceral and Digestive Surgery Service, Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, UFR/SDS 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Hierrhum Aboubacar Bambara
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Centre-BOGODOGO, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, UFR/SDS, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Christelle W. Nadembega
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Florencia W. Djigma
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
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24
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Coelingh Bennink HJT, Stanczyk FZ. Progesterone and not estrogens or androgens causes breast cancer. Climacteric 2024; 27:217-222. [PMID: 38197401 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2292073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - F Z Stanczyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern CA, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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25
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Bernal-Gómez M, Núñez-Álvarez V, Lluch-Gómez J, de la Torre-Hita C, Campini-Bermejo A, Perdomo-Zaldívar E, Rodríguez-Pérez L, Calvete-Candenas J, Benítez-Rodríguez E, Baena-Cañada JM. [Association between reproductive history, breast cancer subtype, and survival in premenopausal women]. Med Clin (Barc) 2024; 162:265-272. [PMID: 37985328 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Reproductive history influences breast cancer risk. We analysed its association with tumour subtype and survival in premenopausal women. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective, observational study of premenopausal women with stage I-III breast carcinoma in the last 20 years. Review of reproductive history, clinical data, and treatments in health records. RESULTS In 661 premenopausal women (32.40% of 1377 total cases), median age was 47 years (19-53), menarche 12 (7-17), first delivery 28 (16-41) and number of deliveries 2 (0-9). One hundred and eleven (18.20%) were nulliparous. Three hundred and fifty-nine (58.80%) used natural lactation, with a median duration of 6 months. Anovulatory drugs were used by 271 (44.40%), with a median duration of 36 months. Associations were found between menarche <10 years and lower risk of luminal subtype (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28-0.94; P=.03), between menarche >11 years and lower risk of HER2 subtype (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26-0.97; P=.04) and between first birth >30 years and lower risk of triple negative subtype (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.17-0.93; P=.03). The 20-year overall and disease-free survival probabilities were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71-0.90) and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.64-0.79) respectively. Patients with ≥1 delivery had better overall survival than nulliparous patients (HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27-0.96, P=.04). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest an association between age at menarche and age at first delivery and breast cancer subtype. Nulliparity is associated with worse survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bernal-Gómez
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar (HUPM), Cádiz, España; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBiCA), Cádiz, España
| | - Violeta Núñez-Álvarez
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar (HUPM), Cádiz, España; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBiCA), Cádiz, España
| | - Jaime Lluch-Gómez
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar (HUPM), Cádiz, España; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBiCA), Cádiz, España
| | - Carlos de la Torre-Hita
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar (HUPM), Cádiz, España; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBiCA), Cádiz, España
| | - Alicia Campini-Bermejo
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar (HUPM), Cádiz, España; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBiCA), Cádiz, España
| | - Eduardo Perdomo-Zaldívar
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar (HUPM), Cádiz, España; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBiCA), Cádiz, España
| | - Lourdes Rodríguez-Pérez
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar (HUPM), Cádiz, España; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBiCA), Cádiz, España
| | - Julio Calvete-Candenas
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar (HUPM), Cádiz, España; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBiCA), Cádiz, España
| | - Encarnación Benítez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBiCA), Cádiz, España; Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España
| | - José Manuel Baena-Cañada
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar (HUPM), Cádiz, España; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBiCA), Cádiz, España.
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Eremici I, Borlea A, Dumitru C, Stoian D. Breast Cancer Risk Factors among Women with Solid Breast Lesions. Clin Pract 2024; 14:473-485. [PMID: 38525715 PMCID: PMC10961805 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women worldwide and one of the most curable cancers if diagnosed at an early stage. Female patients presenting solid breast lesions are greatly predisposed to breast cancer development, and as such, effective screening of high-risk patients is valuable in early-stage breast cancer detection. OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to identify the most relevant demographic, reproductive and lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer among women with solid breast lesions living in western Romania, namely the urban region consisting of Timisoara and the rural surrounding regions. METHODS From January 2017 to December 2021, 1161 patients with solid breast lesions, as detected by sonoelastography, were divided into two groups: patients with benign lesions (1019, 87.77%) and patients with malignant nodules (142, 12.23%). The malignancy group was confirmed by a histopathological result. Variables including age, BMI, menarche, menopause, years of exposure to estrogen, number of births, breastfeeding period, use of oral combined contraceptives, smoker status, family medical history and living area (rural-urban) were recorded. RESULTS It was evidenced by our study that the main risk factors for malignancy were elevated age (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.05-1.08), BMI (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10), living area (rural) (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.13-2.85) and family medical history (negative) (OR 3.13, 95% CI 1.43-8.29). The other proposed risk factors were not found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Age and BMI were observed to be the most significant factors for breast cancer risk increase, followed by living in a rural area. A family history of breast cancer was shown to be inversely correlated with cancer risk increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Eremici
- PhD School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Borlea
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Catalin Dumitru
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Dana Stoian
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Mishra GD, Davies MC, Hillman S, Chung HF, Roy S, Maclaran K, Hickey M. Optimising health after early menopause. Lancet 2024; 403:958-968. [PMID: 38458215 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The typical age at menopause is 50-51 years in high-income countries. However, early menopause is common, with around 8% of women in high-income countries and 12% of women globally experiencing menopause between the ages of 40 years and 44 years. Menopause before age 40 years (premature ovarian insufficiency) affects an additional 2-4% of women. Both early menopause and premature ovarian insufficiency can herald an increased risk of chronic disease, including osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. People who enter menopause at younger ages might also experience distress and feel less supported than those who reach menopause at the average age. Clinical practice guidelines are available for the diagnosis and management of premature ovarian insufficiency, but there is a gap in clinical guidance for early menopause. We argue that instead of distinct age thresholds being applied, early menopause should be seen on a spectrum between premature ovarian insufficiency and menopause at the average age. This Series paper presents evidence for the short-term and long-term consequences of early menopause. We offer a practical framework for clinicians to guide diagnosis and management of early menopause, which considers the nature and severity of symptoms, age and medical history, and the individual's wishes and priorities to optimise their quality of life and short-term and long-term health. We conclude with recommendations for future research to address key gaps in the current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita D Mishra
- Australian Women and Girls' Health Research Centre, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Melanie C Davies
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Hillman
- Unit of Academic Primary Care, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Hsin-Fang Chung
- Australian Women and Girls' Health Research Centre, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Subho Roy
- Department of Anthropology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Kate Maclaran
- Department of Gynaecology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Martha Hickey
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne and the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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28
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Louw-du Toit R, Simons M, Africander D. Progestins and breast cancer hallmarks: The role of the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 237:106440. [PMID: 38048919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Progestins used in hormonal contraceptives and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) have been linked to increased breast cancer risk. Whether the association holds for all progestins is unclear and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We directly compared the effects of four progestins (medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), norethisterone acetate (NET-A), levonorgestrel (LNG) and drospirenone (DRSP)) to each other and the natural progestogen progesterone (P4) on selected cancer hallmarks. To provide mechanistic insight into these effects, we assessed the role of the progesterone receptor (PR), and the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N terminal (JNK) signaling pathways. We showed that the increased proliferation of the luminal T47D breast cancer cell line by P4 and all progestins, albeit to different extents, was inhibited by PR knockdown and inhibition of both the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. While knockdown of the PR also blocked the upregulation of MKI67 and CCND1 mRNA expression by selected progestogens, only a role for the ERK1/2 pathway could be established in these effects. Similarly, only a role for the ERK1/2 pathway could be confirmed for progestogen-induced colony formation, whereas both the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways were required for cell migration in response to the three older progestins implicated in the etiology of breast cancer, MPA, NET-A and LNG. Together our results show that all the progestins elicit their effects on cell proliferation via a mechanism requiring the PR, ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. While the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways are also required for increased cell migration by the older progestins, only a role for the ERK1/2 pathway could be established in their effects on colony formation. Notably, the cytoplasmic PR was not needed for activation of the ERK1/2 pathway by the progestogens. Given that DRSP showed significantly lower proliferation than MPA and NET-A, and that it had no effect on breast cancer cell migration and colony formation, hormonal formulations containing the newer generation progestin DRSP may provide a better benefit/risk profile towards breast cancer than those containing the older generation progestins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Louw-du Toit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Mishkah Simons
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Donita Africander
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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29
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Ruiz GCM, do Carmo Morato LF, Pazin WM, Oliveira ON, Constantino CJL. In situ interaction between the hormone 17α-ethynylestradiol and the liquid-ordered phase composed of the lipid rafts sphingomyelin and cholesterol. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107002. [PMID: 38006790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Hormone treatments are frequently associated with cardiovascular diseases and cancers in women. Additionally, the detrimental effects of their presence as contaminants in water remain a concern. The transport of hormones through cell membranes is essential for their biological action, but investigating cell permeability is challenging owing to the experimental difficulty in dealing with whole cells. In this paper, we study the interaction of the synthetic hormone 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) with membrane models containing the key raft components sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol (Chol). The models consisted of Langmuir monolayers and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) that represent bilayers. EE2 induced expansion of SM monolayers upon interacting with the non-hydrated amide group of SM head, but it had practically no effect on SM GUVs because these group are not available for interaction in bilayers. In contrast, EE2 interacted with hydrated phosphate group (PO2-) and amide group of SM/Chol mixture monolayer, which could explain the loss in phase contrast of liquid-ordered GUVs suggesting pore formation. A comparison with reported EE2 effects on GUVs in the fluid phase, for which no loss in phase contrast was observed, indicates that the liquid-ordered phase consisting of lipid rafts is relevant to be associated with the changes on cell permeability caused by the hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilia Cristine Marques Ruiz
- Department of Physics, School of Technology and Applied Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luis Fernando do Carmo Morato
- Department of Physics, School of Technology and Applied Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos José Leopoldo Constantino
- Department of Physics, School of Technology and Applied Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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30
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Barton BE, Erickson JA, Allred SI, Jeffries JM, Stephens KK, Hunter MI, Woodall KA, Winuthayanon W. Reversible female contraceptives: historical, current, and future perspectives†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:14-32. [PMID: 37941453 PMCID: PMC10790348 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraception is a practice with extensive and complicated social and scientific histories. From cycle tracking, to the very first prescription contraceptive pill, to now having over-the-counter contraceptives on demand, family planning is an aspect of healthcare that has undergone and will continue to undergo several transformations through time. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current reversible hormonal and non-hormonal birth control methods as well as their mechanism of action, safety, and effectiveness specifically for individuals who can become pregnant. Additionally, we discuss the latest Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved hormonal method containing estetrol and drospirenone that has not yet been used worldwide as well as the first FDA-approved hormonal over-the-counter progestin-only pills. We also review available data on novel hormonal delivery through microchip, microneedle, and the latest FDA-approved non-hormonal methods such as vaginal pH regulators. Finally, this review will assist in advancing female contraceptive method development by underlining constructive directions for future pursuits. Information was gathered from the NCBI and Google Scholars databases using English and included publications from 1900 to present. Search terms included contraceptive names as well as efficacy, safety, and mechanism of action. In summary, we suggest that investigators consider the side effects and acceptability together with the efficacy of contraceptive candidate towards their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Barton
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffery A Erickson
- OB/GYN & Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Translational Bioscience Program, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Stephanie I Allred
- OB/GYN & Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jenna M Jeffries
- College of Art & Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Kalli K Stephens
- OB/GYN & Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Translational Bioscience Program, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mark I Hunter
- OB/GYN & Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kirby A Woodall
- OB/GYN & Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Wipawee Winuthayanon
- OB/GYN & Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Vercellini P, Bandini V, Viganò P, Ambruoso D, Cetera GE, Somigliana E. Proposal for targeted, neo-evolutionary-oriented secondary prevention of early-onset endometriosis and adenomyosis. Part II: medical interventions. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:18-34. [PMID: 37951241 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
According to consistent epidemiological data, the slope of the incidence curve of endometriosis rises rapidly and sharply around the age of 25 years. The delay in diagnosis is generally reported to be between 5 and 8 years in adult women, but it appears to be over 10 years in adolescents. If this is true, the actual onset of endometriosis in many young women would be chronologically placed in the early postmenarchal years. Ovulation and menstruation are inflammatory events that, when occurring repeatedly for years, may theoretically favour the early development of endometriosis and adenomyosis. Moreover, repeated acute dysmenorrhoea episodes after menarche may not only be an indicator of ensuing endometriosis or adenomyosis, but may also promote the transition from acute to chronic pelvic pain through central sensitization mechanisms, as well as the onset of chronic overlapping pain conditions. Therefore, secondary prevention aimed at reducing suffering, limiting lesion progression, and preserving future reproductive potential should be focused on the age group that could benefit most from the intervention, i.e. severely symptomatic adolescents. Early-onset endometriosis and adenomyosis should be promptly suspected even when physical and ultrasound findings are negative, and long-term ovulatory suppression may be established until conception seeking. As nowadays this could mean using hormonal therapies for several years, drug safety evaluation is crucial. In adolescents without recognized major contraindications to oestrogens, the use of very low-dose combined oral contraceptives is associated with a marginal increase in the individual absolute risk of thromboembolic events. Oral contraceptives containing oestradiol instead of ethinyl oestradiol may further limit such risk. Oral, subcutaneous, and intramuscular progestogens do not increase the thromboembolic risk, but may interfere with attainment of peak bone mass in young women. Levonorgestrel-releasing intra-uterine devices may be a safe alternative for adolescents, as amenorrhoea is frequently induced without suppression of the ovarian activity. With regard to oncological risk, the net effect of long-term oestrogen-progestogen combinations use is a small reduction in overall cancer risk. Whether surgery should be considered the first-line approach in young women with chronic pelvic pain symptoms seems questionable. Especially when large endometriomas or infiltrating lesions are not detected at pelvic imaging, laparoscopy should be reserved to adolescents who refuse hormonal treatments or in whom first-line medications are not effective, not tolerated, or contraindicated. Diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms, including self-reported outcome measures, for young individuals with a clinical suspicion of early-onset endometriosis or adenomyosis are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Vercellini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Academic Centre for Research on Adenomyosis and Endometriosis, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Veronica Bandini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Academic Centre for Research on Adenomyosis and Endometriosis, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Viganò
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Academic Centre for Research on Adenomyosis and Endometriosis, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Deborah Ambruoso
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Academic Centre for Research on Adenomyosis and Endometriosis, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Emily Cetera
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Academic Centre for Research on Adenomyosis and Endometriosis, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Edgardo Somigliana
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Academic Centre for Research on Adenomyosis and Endometriosis, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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32
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French JE, Makhanova A, Meltzer AL. Adaptive Calibration of Dyadic Sexual Desire Is Sex Differentiated and Disrupted by Hormonal Contraceptives. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:235-246. [PMID: 37932460 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive calibration models suggest that features of people's childhood ecologies can shape their reproductive outcomes in adulthood. Given the importance of dyadic sexual desire (i.e., desire for sex with a partner) for relationships and reproduction, we examined the extent to which people's childhood ecologies-especially the unpredictability of those ecologies-adaptively calibrate such desire. Nevertheless, because female (versus male) sexual desire is presumed to be more sensitive to situational factors, and because hormonal contraceptives alter myriad aspects of female physiology that influence female sexual desire, we predicted that adaptive calibration of dyadic sexual desire would emerge more strongly for naturally cycling females (versus females who use hormonal contraceptives and versus males). In Study 1, a total of 630 participants (159 males, 203 naturally cycling females, and 268 females using hormonal contraceptives) completed questionnaires assessing the harshness and unpredictability of their childhood ecologies as well as their sexual desire. Consistent with predictions, childhood unpredictability (but not harshness) was positively associated with dyadic (but not solitary) sexual desire among naturally cycling females (but not among females using hormonal contraceptives nor among males). Study 2, which consisted of 736 females (307 naturally cycling females, 429 females using hormonal contraceptives), replicated this pattern of results for females. These findings add to a growing literature suggesting that the instability of people's early childhood ecologies can adaptively calibrate their adult reproductive motivations and behaviors, including their dyadic sexual desire. Not only is the current finding among the first to show that some adaptive calibration processes may be sex differentiated, it further highlights that hormonal contraceptives, which alter the evolved reproductive physiology of females, may disrupt adaptive calibration processes (though such disruption may not be inherently negative).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana E French
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, 116 Psychology Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
| | - Anastasia Makhanova
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Andrea L Meltzer
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Kay JE, Brody JG, Schwarzman M, Rudel RA. Application of the Key Characteristics Framework to Identify Potential Breast Carcinogens Using Publicly Available in Vivo, in Vitro, and in Silico Data. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:17002. [PMID: 38197648 PMCID: PMC10777819 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemicals that induce mammary tumors in rodents or activate estrogen or progesterone signaling are likely to increase breast cancer (BC) risk. Identifying chemicals with these activities can prompt steps to protect human health. OBJECTIVES We compiled data on rodent tumors, endocrine activity, and genotoxicity to assess the key characteristics (KCs) of rodent mammary carcinogens (MCs), and to identify other chemicals that exhibit these effects and may therefore increase BC risk. METHODS Using authoritative databases, including International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs and the US Environmental Protection's (EPA) ToxCast, we selected chemicals that induce mammary tumors in rodents, stimulate estradiol or progesterone synthesis, or activate the estrogen receptor (ER) in vitro. We classified these chemicals by their genotoxicity and strength of endocrine activity and calculated the overrepresentation (enrichment) of these KCs among MCs. Finally, we evaluated whether these KCs predict whether a chemical is likely to induce mammary tumors. RESULTS We identified 279 MCs and an additional 642 chemicals that stimulate estrogen or progesterone signaling. MCs were significantly enriched for steroidogenicity, ER agonism, and genotoxicity, supporting the use of these KCs to predict whether a chemical is likely to induce rodent mammary tumors and, by inference, increase BC risk. More MCs were steroidogens than ER agonists, and many increased both estradiol and progesterone. Enrichment among MCs was greater for strong endocrine activity vs. weak or inactive, with a significant trend. DISCUSSION We identified hundreds of compounds that have biological activities that could increase BC risk and demonstrated that these activities are enriched among MCs. We argue that many of these should not be considered low hazard without investigating their ability to affect the breast, and chemicals with the strongest evidence can be targeted for exposure reduction. We describe ways to strengthen hazard identification, including improved assessments for mammary effects, developing assays for more KCs, and more comprehensive chemical testing. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13233.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Megan Schwarzman
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Cucinella L, Tiranini L, Nappi RE. Sexual health and contraception in the menopause journey. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 38:101822. [PMID: 37748960 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Women may experience changes in sexuality across menopause, because at this step in life hormone deficiency interacts with several determinants in a bio-psycho-social perspective. Healthcare providers should inform women about menopause impact on sexuality and be proactive during consultation in disclosing sexual concerns that would require a targeted assessment. Sexual symptoms become more frequent as women age, but they do not always translate into sexual dysfunction diagnosis, for which distress is required. It is important to recognize conditions that may increase the risk of dysfunctional response to menopause challenges in order to promote sexual longevity through counselling and specific management. In this review, we report key elements for a comprehensive assessment of sexual health around menopause, with a focus on genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) and hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), representing well identified clinical conditions affecting sexuality at midlife and beyond. We also address the issue of contraception across the menopausal transition, highlighting risks and benefits, and possible implications on sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cucinella
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Gynecological Endocrinology and Menopause, IRCCS S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lara Tiranini
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rossella E Nappi
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Gynecological Endocrinology and Menopause, IRCCS S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
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Chang CJ, O'Brien KM, Keil AP, Goldberg M, Taylor KW, Sandler DP, White AJ. Use of personal care product mixtures and incident hormone-sensitive cancers in the Sister Study: A U.S.-wide prospective cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108298. [PMID: 38043324 PMCID: PMC10841676 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal care products (PCPs), a source of endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure, may be associated with the risk of hormone-sensitive cancers. Few studies have investigated associations for PCP use with the incidence of hormone-sensitive cancers or considered the joint effect of multiple correlated PCPs. We examined associations between frequently used, or "everyday", PCPs and incident cancers of the breast, ovary, and uterus with a fucus on the joint effect of multiple product exposure. METHODS Sister Study participants (n=49 899) self-reported frequency of use in the year before enrollment (2003-2009) for 41 PCPs. Using five-level frequency categories based on questionnaire options, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for the associations between multiple PCP use and incident breast, ovarian, and uterine cancer using quantile-based g-computation with Cox proportional hazards regression as the underlying model. Multiple PCP use was examined using groupings (beauty, hygiene, and skincare products) determined by both a priori knowledge and Spearman correlation coefficients for co-occurring product use. Associations between individual PCPs and the three cancers were also examined using Cox proportional hazards models coupling with Benjamini-Hochberg procedure for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Over an average of 11.6 years, 4 226 breast, 277 ovarian, and 403 uterine cancer cases were identified. Positive associations were observed between the hygiene mixture and ovarian cancer (HR=1.35, 95%CI=1.00, 1.83) and the beauty mixture with postmenopausal breast cancer (HR=1.08, 95%CI=1.01, 1.16). Additionally, we observed an inverse association between the skincare mixture and breast cancer (HR=0.91, 95%CI=0.83, 0.99). No significant associations were observed for individual products after corrected for multiple comparison. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this multi-product, joint-effect approach contribute to the growing body of evidence for associations between PCPs and breast cancer and provides novel information on ovarian and uterine cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jung Chang
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Alexander P Keil
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mandy Goldberg
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kyla W Taylor
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Palacios S, Ayala G, González G, Badilla-Apuy CL, Marchena J, Martínez K, Mostajo D, Vernaza MS, Paradas A, Hernández L, Vásquez-Awad D, Celis-González C, de Melo NR. Combined oral contraceptives: update recommendations of the Latin American contraceptive association. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2271072. [PMID: 37857350 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2271072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, new combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have become available, representing an advance in terms of individualization and compliance by users.Objective: To provide recommendations regarding COCs: formulations, use, efficacy, benefits and safety.Method: For these recommendations, we have used the modified Delphi methodology and carried out a systematic review of studies found in the literature and reviews performed in humans, published in English and Spanish in Pubmed, Medline and advanced medicine and computer networks until the year 2021, using the combination of terms: 'oral contraceptives', 'estroprogestins' and 'combined oral contraceptives'.Results: Regarding the estrogen component, initially switching from mestranol (the pro-drug of ethinylestradiol) to ethinylestradiol (EE) and then reducing the EE dose helped reduce side effects and associated adverse events. Natural estradiol and estradiol valerate are already available and represent a valid alternative to EE. The use of more potent 19-nortestosterone-derived progestins, in order to lower the dose and then the appearance of non-androgenic progestins with different endocrine and metabolic characteristics, has made it possible to individualize the prescription of COC according to the profile of each woman.Conclusion: Advances in the provision of new COCs have improved the risk/benefit ratio by increasing benefits and reducing risks. Currently, the challenge is to tailor contraceptives to individual needs in terms of safety, efficacy, and protection of female reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Palacios
- Ginecologia y Obstetricia Department, Clínica Palacios de la Salud de la Mujer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela Ayala
- Ginecologia y Obstetricia Department, Hospital Metropolitano, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gemarilis González
- Ginecología y Obstetricia Department, Consultorio América, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Can L Badilla-Apuy
- Ginecología y Obstetricia Department, Oncogine Servicios Médicos S.A., San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jeannette Marchena
- Ginecología y Obstetricia Department, Coordinadora de la Unidad de Medicina Reproductiva de las Clínicas AUNA y Clínica Delgado, Lima, Perú
| | - Katia Martínez
- Centro de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Health Service Medical Center, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
| | - Desireé Mostajo
- Medical Director, Jefe Médico del Centro Médico PERINAT, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - María S Vernaza
- Ginecología y Obstetricia Department, Laparoscopía Ginecológica, Clínica IMBANACO, Cali, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Paradas
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitario, Maternidad La Altagracia, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
| | - Luis Hernández
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Herrera Llerandi, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - David Vásquez-Awad
- Ginecologia y Obstetricia Department, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Bogotá, Colombia
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Genazzani AR, Fidecicchi T, Arduini D, Giannini A, Simoncini T. Hormonal and natural contraceptives: a review on efficacy and risks of different methods for an informed choice. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2247093. [PMID: 37599373 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2247093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The debate about contraception has become increasingly important as more and more people seek safe and effective contraception. More than 1 billion women of reproductive age worldwide need a method of family planning, and wellbeing, socio-economic status, culture, religion and more influence the reasons why a woman may ask for contraception. Different contraceptive methods exist, ranging from 'natural methods' (fertility awareness-based methods - FABMs) to barrier methods and hormonal contraceptives (HCs). Each method works on a different principle, with different effectiveness.FABMs and HCs are usually pitted against each other, although it's difficult to really compare them. FABMs are a valid alternative for women who cannot or do not want to use hormone therapy, although they may have a high failure rate if not used appropriately and require specific training. HCs are commonly used to address various clinical situations, although concerns about their possible side effects are still widespread. However, many data show that the appropriate use of HC has a low rate of adverse events, mainly related to personal predisposition.The aim of this review is to summarize the information on the efficacy and safety of FABMs and HCs to help clinicians and women choose the best contraceptive method for their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Genazzani
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Fidecicchi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Domenico Arduini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giannini
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Simoncini
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Diep CH, Mauro LJ, Lange CA. Navigating a plethora of progesterone receptors: Comments on the safety/risk of progesterone supplementation in women with a history of breast cancer or at high-risk for developing breast cancer. Steroids 2023; 200:109329. [PMID: 37884178 PMCID: PMC10842046 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone and progestin agonists are potent steroid hormones. There are at least three major types of progesterone receptor (PR) families that interact with and respond to progesterone or progestin ligands. These receptors include ligand-activated transcription factor isoforms (PR-A and PR-B) encoded by the PGR gene, often termed classical or nuclear progesterone receptor (nPR), membrane-spanning progesterone receptor membrane component proteins known as PGRMC1/2, and a large family of progestin/adipoQreceptors or PAQRs (also called membrane PRs or mPRs). Cross-talk between mPRs and nPRs has also been reported. The complexity of progesterone actions via a plethora of diverse receptors warrants careful consideration of the clinical applications of progesterone, which primarily include birth control formulations in young women and hormone replacement therapy following menopause. Herein, we focus on the benefits and risk of progesterone/progestin supplementation. We conclude that progesterone-only supplementation is considered safe for most reproductive-age women. However, women who currently have ER + breast cancer or have had such cancer in the past should not take sex hormones, including progesterone. Women at high-risk for developing breast or ovarian cancer, either due to their family history or known genetic factors (such as BRCA1/2 mutation) or hormonal conditions, should avoid exogenous sex hormones and proceed with caution when considering using natural hormones to mitigate menopausal symptoms and/or improve quality of life after menopause. These individuals are urged to consult with a qualified OB-GYN physician to thoroughly assess the risks and benefits of sex hormone supplementation. As new insights into the homeostatic roles and specificity of highly integrated rapid signaling and nPR actions are revealed, we are hopeful that the benefits of using progesterone use may be fully realized without an increased risk of women's cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H Diep
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation) and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laura J Mauro
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation) and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Carol A Lange
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation) and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Torres-de la Roche LA, Acevedo-Mesa A, Lizarazo IL, Devassy R, Becker S, Krentel H, De Wilde RL. Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of Breast Cancer in Women of Reproductive Age: A Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5624. [PMID: 38067328 PMCID: PMC10705112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to summarize evidence from observational studies about the lifetime use of HC and the risk of BC in women of reproductive age. The PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were searched for observational studies published from 2015 to February 2022. Meta-analyses were performed using adjusted odds ratios and relative risks with a random-effects model using the I2 statistic to quantify the heterogeneity among studies. Of the 724 studies identified, 650 were screened for title/abstract selection, 60 were selected for full-text revision, and 22 were included in the meta-analysis. Of these, 19 were case-control studies and 3 were cohort studies. The results of the meta-analysis indicate a significantly higher risk of developing BC in ever users of HC (pooled OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.19 to 1.49). This effect is larger in the subgroups of case-control studies (pooled OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.21 to 1.70) and in the subgroup of studies that strictly define menopausal status (pooled OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.00). Although our meta-analysis of observational studies (cohort and case-control) suggests a significantly increased overall risk of BC in users or ever-users of modern hormonal contraceptives, the high heterogeneity among studies (>70%) related to differences in study design, measurement of variables, confounders, among other factors, as well as publication biases should be considered when interpreting our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Angela Torres-de la Roche
- University Hospital for Gynecology, Pius Hospital, University Medicine Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany; (A.A.-M.); (I.L.L.); (R.D.); (R.L.D.W.)
| | - Angélica Acevedo-Mesa
- University Hospital for Gynecology, Pius Hospital, University Medicine Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany; (A.A.-M.); (I.L.L.); (R.D.); (R.L.D.W.)
| | - Ingrid Lizeth Lizarazo
- University Hospital for Gynecology, Pius Hospital, University Medicine Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany; (A.A.-M.); (I.L.L.); (R.D.); (R.L.D.W.)
| | - Rajesh Devassy
- University Hospital for Gynecology, Pius Hospital, University Medicine Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany; (A.A.-M.); (I.L.L.); (R.D.); (R.L.D.W.)
| | - Sven Becker
- University Hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Harald Krentel
- Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics, Oncology, and Senology, Bethesda Hospital, 47053 Duisburg, Germany;
| | - Rudy Leon De Wilde
- University Hospital for Gynecology, Pius Hospital, University Medicine Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany; (A.A.-M.); (I.L.L.); (R.D.); (R.L.D.W.)
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40
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Singla RK, Wang X, Gundamaraju R, Joon S, Tsagkaris C, Behzad S, Khan J, Gautam R, Goyal R, Rakmai J, Dubey AK, Simal-Gandara J, Shen B. Natural products derived from medicinal plants and microbes might act as a game-changer in breast cancer: a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11880-11924. [PMID: 35838143 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2097196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent neoplasm among women. Genetic and environmental factors lead to BC development and on this basis, several preventive - screening and therapeutic interventions have been developed. Hormones, both in the form of endogenous hormonal signaling or hormonal contraceptives, play an important role in BC pathogenesis and progression. On top of these, breast microbiota includes both species with an immunomodulatory activity enhancing the host's response against cancer cells and species producing proinflammatory cytokines associated with BC development. Identification of novel multitargeted therapeutic agents with poly-pharmacological potential is a dire need to combat advanced and metastatic BC. A growing body of research has emphasized the potential of natural compounds derived from medicinal plants and microbial species as complementary BC treatment regimens, including dietary supplements and probiotics. In particular, extracts from plants such as Artemisia monosperma Delile, Origanum dayi Post, Urtica membranacea Poir. ex Savigny, Krameria lappacea (Dombey) Burdet & B.B. Simpson and metabolites extracted from microbes such as Deinococcus radiodurans and Streptomycetes strains as well as probiotics like Bacillus coagulans and Lactobacillus brevis MK05 have exhibited antitumor effects in the form of antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity, increase in tumors' chemosensitivity, antioxidant activity and modulation of BC - associated molecular pathways. Further, bioactive compounds like 3,3'-diindolylmethane, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, rutin, resveratrol, lycopene, sulforaphane, silibinin, rosmarinic acid, and shikonin are of special interest for the researchers and clinicians because these natural agents have multimodal action and act via multiple ways in managing the BC and most of these agents are regularly available in our food and fruit diets. Evidence from clinical trials suggests that such products had major potential in enhancing the effectiveness of conventional antitumor agents and decreasing their side effects. We here provide a comprehensive review of the therapeutic effects and mechanistic underpinnings of medicinal plants and microbial metabolites in BC management. The future perspectives on the translation of these findings to the personalized treatment of BC are provided and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Lab, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Shikha Joon
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sahar Behzad
- Evidence-based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rupesh Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur, Haryana, India
| | - Rajat Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur, Haryana, India
| | - Jaruporn Rakmai
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute (KAPI), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Nebgen DR, Domchek SM, Kotsopoulos J, de Hullu JA, Crosbie EJ, Paramanandam VS, Brood-van Zanten MMA, Norquist BM, Guise T, Rozenberg S, Kurian AW, Pederson HJ, Yuksel N, Michaelson-Cohen R, Bober SL, da Silva Filho AL, Johansen N, Guidozzi F, Evans DG, Menon U, Kingsberg SA, Powell CB, Grandi G, Marchetti C, Jacobson M, Brennan DJ, Hickey M. Care after premenopausal risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in high-risk women: Scoping review and international consensus recommendations. BJOG 2023; 130:1437-1450. [PMID: 37132126 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Women at high inherited risk of ovarian cancer are offered risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) from age 35 to 45 years. Although potentially life-saving, RRSO may induce symptoms that negatively affect quality of life and impair long-term health. Clinical care following RRSO is often suboptimal. This scoping review describes how RRSO affects short- and long-term health and provides evidence-based international consensus recommendations for care from preoperative counselling to long-term disease prevention. This includes the efficacy and safety of hormonal and non-hormonal treatments for vasomotor symptoms, sleep disturbance and sexual dysfunction and effective approaches to prevent bone and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise R Nebgen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Basser Center for BRCA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanne A de Hullu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emma J Crosbie
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Vincent Singh Paramanandam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monique M A Brood-van Zanten
- Department of Gynecology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara M Norquist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Theresa Guise
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormone Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Serge Rozenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Holly J Pederson
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center/University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nese Yuksel
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rachel Michaelson-Cohen
- Department of Gynaecology and Medical Genetics Institute, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon L Bober
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Nora Johansen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Sørlandet Hospital HF Arendal, Arendal, Norway
| | - F Guidozzi
- Deparment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Witwatersrand, Johanesburg, South Africa
| | - D Gareth Evans
- University of Manchester, Prevent Breast Cancer Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Usha Menon
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sheryl A Kingsberg
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - C Bethan Powell
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Hereditary Cancer Program, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Giovanni Grandi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Child and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudia Marchetti
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS-Catholic University Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Michelle Jacobson
- Women's College Hospital and Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donal J Brennan
- UCD Gynaecological Oncology Group, UCD School of Medicine, Mater University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martha Hickey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Research Precinct, Level 7, The Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Etrusco A, Barra F, Chiantera V, Ferrero S, Bogliolo S, Evangelisti G, Oral E, Pastore M, Izzotti A, Venezia R, Ceccaroni M, Laganà AS. Current Medical Therapy for Adenomyosis: From Bench to Bedside. Drugs 2023; 83:1595-1611. [PMID: 37837497 PMCID: PMC10693526 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Adenomyosis, characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue within the uterine wall, poses significant challenges in treatment. The literature primarily focuses on managing abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and dysmenorrhea, the main symptoms of adenomyosis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and tranexamic acid provide limited support for mild symptoms or symptom re-exacerbation during hormone therapy. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is commonly employed in adenomyosis management, showing promise in symptom improvement and reducing uterine size, despite the lack of standardized guidelines. Dienogest (DNG) also exhibits potential benefits, but limited evidence hinders treatment recommendations. Danazol, while effective, is limited by androgenic side effects. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) may be less effective than progestins but can be considered for contraception in young patients. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists effectively manage symptoms but induce menopausal symptoms with prolonged use. GnRH antagonists are a recent option requiring further investigation. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) show promise in alleviating AUB and pelvic pain, but their safety necessitates exploration and limited use within trials for refractory patients. This review highlights the complexity of diagnosing adenomyosis, its coexistence with endometriosis and uterine leiomyomas, and its impact on fertility and quality of life, complicating treatment decisions. It emphasizes the need for research on guidelines for medical management, fertility outcomes, long-term effects of therapies, and exploration of new investigational targets. Future research should optimize therapeutic strategies, expand our understanding of adenomyosis and its management, and establish evidence-based guidelines to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Etrusco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Paolo Giaccone" Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Barra
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, P.O. "Ospedale del Tigullio"-ASL4, Metropolitan Area of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Vito Chiantera
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Institute-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Ferrero
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Bogliolo
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, P.O. "Ospedale del Tigullio"-ASL4, Metropolitan Area of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulio Evangelisti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Engin Oral
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mariana Pastore
- Hospital Pharmacy, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Unit of Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Renato Venezia
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Paolo Giaccone" Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ceccaroni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology and Minimally Invasive Pelvic Surgery, International School of Surgical Anatomy, IRCCS "Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Paolo Giaccone" Hospital, Palermo, Italy
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Awogbayila M, Onasoga O, Jibril U, Oluwafemi F, Orok E. Assessment of breast cancer risk perception, knowledge, and breast self-examination practices among market women in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:556. [PMID: 37891548 PMCID: PMC10604800 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide, and its incidence is increasing, particularly in low-medium-income countries (LMICs). Evidence shows that breast self-examination (BSE) is culturally acceptable, religiously friendly and inexpensive. This study assessed BC risk perception, knowledge and breast self-examination practices among market women in Ondo State, Nigeria. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among market women in 3 selected markets in Owo. A semi-structured interview-based questionnaire was used to collect data. The instrument consisted of five sections based on the objective of the study. Selection of the study participants was done using a multistage sampling technique. The test-retest method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. Participants knowledge and practices were categorised into good (≥ 50% total score) and poor (< 50% total score) while risk perception was grouped into high (≥ 50% total score) and low (< 50% total score).Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at a p value < 0.05 for determining statistical significance. RESULTS A total of 335 respondents completed the study and the mean age ± S.D. was 37.19 ± 9.19 years (range: 18-65 years). 47.5% of respondents were Christian while 60.0% of the respondents were married. 15.5% had tertiary education, and more than two-thirds were from the Yoruba tribe. More than two-thirds (78.5%) of the participants stated that they practiced breast self-examination, while 58.5% reported to have been taught how to perform BSE. 75.8% agreed that the use of injectable contraception or oral pills can result in BC, while 75.8% also agreed that women of reproductive age are at risk of BC. Less than 50% mentioned that they were uncomfortable taking off clothes in front of health professionals during the examination. The perceived risk of BC showed that 221 (65.97%), and 114 (34.03%) of respondents had high, and low levels of perceived risk of BC, respectively. However, 184 (54.93%) and 151 (45.07%) of the respondents had good and poor knowledge. The majority (139, 41.49%) of the respondents had poor BSE practice. Age (p = 0.023), educational qualifications (p < 0.001), average income per month (p < 0.001) and ethnicity (p = < 0.001) were statistically associated with knowledge of breast self-examination while religion (p = 0.02), marital status (p = 0.01), educational qualification (p = 0.001) and distance from facility (p = 0.009) were statistically associated with perceived risk of BC. Participants' educational qualification (p = 0.006) and ethnicity (p = 0.013) were statistically associated with practice of BSE. Good knowledge was also identified as a significant predictor of good practice of participants among the women (95%CI: 4.574 (2.841-7.365), p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study identified high level of perception, good knowledge and good practice of BSE among majority of the market women in Owo Town. Interventions and extensive health education on BSE with the aim of creating positive awareness and understanding of BSE among the population should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujidat Awogbayila
- Department of Nursing Services, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Onasoga
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Umar Jibril
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Funmilayo Oluwafemi
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Edidiong Orok
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Public Health, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
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Garcia-Beltran C, Malpique R, Andersen MS, Bas F, Bassols J, Darendeliler F, Díaz M, Dieris B, Fanelli F, Fröhlich-Reiterer E, Gambineri A, Glintborg D, López-Bermejo A, Mann C, Marin S, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Ødegård R, Ravn P, Reinehr T, Renzulli M, Salvador C, Singer V, Vanky E, Torres JV, Yildiz M, de Zegher F, Ibáñez L. SPIOMET4HEALTH-efficacy, tolerability and safety of lifestyle intervention plus a fixed dose combination of spironolactone, pioglitazone and metformin (SPIOMET) for adolescent girls and young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: study protocol for a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-arm, parallel-group, phase II clinical trial. Trials 2023; 24:589. [PMID: 37715279 PMCID: PMC10503102 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent, chronic endocrine-metabolic disorder of adolescents and young women (AYAs), affecting 5-10% of AYAs worldwide. There is no approved pharmacological therapy for PCOS. Standard off-label treatment with oral contraceptives (OCs) reverts neither the underlying pathophysiology nor the associated co-morbidities. Pilot studies have generated new insights into the pathogenesis of PCOS, leading to the development of a new treatment consisting of a fixed, low-dose combination of two so-called insulin sensitisers [pioglitazone (PIO), metformin (MET)] and one mixed anti-androgen and anti-mineralocorticoid also acting as an activator of brown adipose tissue [spironolactone (SPI)], within a single tablet (SPIOMET). The present trial will evaluate the efficacy, tolerability and safety of SPIOMET, on top of lifestyle measures, for the treatment of PCOS in AYAs. METHODS In this multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-arm, parallel-group, phase II clinical trial, AYAs with PCOS will be recruited from 7 clinical centres across Europe. Intention is to randomise a total of 364 eligible patients into four arms (1:1:1:1): Placebo, PIO, SPI + PIO (SPIO) and SPI + PIO + MET (SPIOMET). Active treatment over 12 months will consist of lifestyle guidance plus the ingestion of one tablet daily (at dinner time); post-treatment follow-up will span 6 months. Primary endpoint is on- and post-treatment ovulation rate. Secondary endpoints are clinical features (hirsutism, menstrual regularity); endocrine-metabolic variables (androgens, lipids, insulin, inflammatory markers); epigenetic markers; imaging data (carotid intima-media thickness, body composition, abdominal fat partitioning, hepatic fat); safety profile; adherence, tolerability and acceptability of the medication; and quality of life in the study participants. Superiority (in this order) of SPIOMET, SPIO and PIO will be tested over placebo, and if present, subsequently the superiority of SPIOMET versus PIO, and if still present, finally versus SPIO. DISCUSSION The present study will be the first to evaluate-in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled way-the efficacy, tolerability and safety of SPIOMET treatment for early PCOS, on top of a lifestyle intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT 2021-003177-58. Registered on 22 December 2021. https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=%092021-003177-58 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Garcia-Beltran
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Paediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Rita Malpique
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Paediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Marianne S Andersen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and Department of Endocrinology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Firdevs Bas
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Judit Bassols
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Díaz
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Paediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Barbara Dieris
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten-Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - Flaminia Fanelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science-DIMEC, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, University of Bologna - S. Orsola-Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elke Fröhlich-Reiterer
- Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alessandra Gambineri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science-DIMEC, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, University of Bologna - S. Orsola-Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dorte Glintborg
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and Department of Endocrinology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Paediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), Paediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Marin
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Paediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rønnaug Ødegård
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Centre for Obesity Research, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Torgarden, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pernille Ravn
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and Department of Endocrinology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Reinehr
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten-Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - Matteo Renzulli
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Salvador
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Paediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Viola Singer
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten-Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - Eszter Vanky
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Melek Yildiz
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Francis de Zegher
- Leuven Research & Development, University of Leuven, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Paediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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Louro J, Román M, Moshina N, Olstad CF, Larsen M, Sagstad S, Castells X, Hofvind S. Personalized Breast Cancer Screening: A Risk Prediction Model Based on Women Attending BreastScreen Norway. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4517. [PMID: 37760486 PMCID: PMC10526465 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to develop and validate a model predicting breast cancer risk for women targeted by breast cancer screening. METHOD This retrospective cohort study included 57,411 women screened at least once in BreastScreen Norway during the period from 2007 to 2019. The prediction model included information about age, mammographic density, family history of breast cancer, body mass index, age at menarche, alcohol consumption, exercise, pregnancy, hormone replacement therapy, and benign breast disease. We calculated a 4-year absolute breast cancer risk estimates for women and in risk groups by quartiles. The Bootstrap resampling method was used for internal validation of the model (E/O ratio). The area under the curve (AUC) was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS The 4-year predicted risk of breast cancer ranged from 0.22-7.33%, while 95% of the population had a risk of 0.55-2.31%. The thresholds for the quartiles of the risk groups, with 25% of the population in each group, were 0.82%, 1.10%, and 1.47%. Overall, the model slightly overestimated the risk with an E/O ratio of 1.10 (95% CI: 1.09-1.11) and the AUC was 62.6% (95% CI: 60.5-65.0%). CONCLUSIONS This 4-year risk prediction model showed differences in the risk of breast cancer, supporting personalized screening for breast cancer in women aged 50-69 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Louro
- Department of Epidemiology and Evaluation, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.); (M.R.); (X.C.)
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 48902 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Marta Román
- Department of Epidemiology and Evaluation, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.); (M.R.); (X.C.)
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 48902 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Nataliia Moshina
- Section for Breast Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, 0304 Oslo, Norway; (N.M.); (C.F.O.); (M.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Camilla F. Olstad
- Section for Breast Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, 0304 Oslo, Norway; (N.M.); (C.F.O.); (M.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Marthe Larsen
- Section for Breast Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, 0304 Oslo, Norway; (N.M.); (C.F.O.); (M.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Silje Sagstad
- Section for Breast Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, 0304 Oslo, Norway; (N.M.); (C.F.O.); (M.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Xavier Castells
- Department of Epidemiology and Evaluation, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.); (M.R.); (X.C.)
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 48902 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Solveig Hofvind
- Section for Breast Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, 0304 Oslo, Norway; (N.M.); (C.F.O.); (M.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Poutanen M, Hagberg Thulin M, Härkönen P. Targeting sex steroid biosynthesis for breast and prostate cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00609-y. [PMID: 37684402 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Malin Hagberg Thulin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pirkko Härkönen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Cartwright M, Louw-du Toit R, Jackson H, Janse van Vuuren M, Africander D. Progesterone receptor isoform ratios influence the transcriptional activity of progestins via the progesterone receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106348. [PMID: 37315868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Progestins (synthetic progestogens) are progesterone receptor (PR) ligands used globally by women in both hormonal contraception and menopausal hormone therapy. Although four generations of unique progestins have been developed, studies seldom distinguish between the activities of progestins via the two functionally distinct PR isoforms, PR-A and PR-B. Moreover, not much is known about the action of progestins in breast cancer tumors where PR-A is mostly overexpressed relative to PR-B. Understanding progestin action in breast cancer is crucial since the clinical use of some progestins has been associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer. This study directly compared the agonist activities of selected progestins from all four generations for transactivation and transrepression via either PR-A or PR-B, and when PR-A and PR-B were co-expressed at ratios comparable to those detected in breast cancer tumors. Comparative dose-response analysis showed that earlier generation progestins mostly displayed similar efficacies for transactivation on a minimal progesterone response element via the PR isoforms, while most of the 4th generation progestins, similar to the natural progestogen, progesterone (P4), were more efficacious via PR-B. Most of the progestogens were however more potent via PR-A. We are the first to show that the efficacies of the selected progestogens via the individual PR isoforms were generally decreased when PR-A and PR-B were co-expressed, irrespective of the ratio of PR-A:PR-B. While the potencies of most progestogens via PR-B were enhanced when the ratio of PR-A relative to PR-B was increased, those via PR-A were minimally influenced. This study is also the first to report that all progestogens evaluated, except 1st generation medroxyprogesterone acetate and 4th generation drospirenone, displayed similar agonist activity for transrepression via PR-A and PR-B on a minimal nuclear factor kappa B containing promoter. Moreover, we showed that the progestogen activity for transrepression was significantly increased when PR-A and PR-B were co-expressed. Taken together, our results highlight that PR agonists (progestogens) do not always display the same activity via PR-A and PR-B, or when PR-A and PR-B are co-expressed at ratios mimicking those found in breast cancer tumors. These results suggest that biological responses are progestogen- and PR isoform-dependent and may differ in target tissues expressing varying PR-A:PR-B ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Cartwright
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Renate Louw-du Toit
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Hayley Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Melani Janse van Vuuren
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Donita Africander
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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Pedersen MV, Hansen LMB, Garforth B, Zak PJ, Winterdahl M. Adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion in response to anticipatory stress and venepuncture: The role of menstrual phase and oral contraceptive use. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114550. [PMID: 37343838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral contraceptives (OCs) are primarily known for their effects on the reproductive system, but they can also impact the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The present study aimed to compare plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) responses to the anticipatory stress of participating in a scientific experiment and venepuncture in OC users versus naturally cycling (NC) women, with a focus on variations throughout the menstrual cycle. METHODS We recruited 131 young women (average age 20.5) and obtained blood samples to measure plasma ACTH concentrations immediately after venepuncture and again after 15 min of group activities designed to facilitate interpersonal attachment and stress-buffering. RESULTS ACTH levels decreased in 70% of all participants throughout the group activities. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA highlighted a significant interaction between time and OC use, indicating differential changes in ACTH levels during social interaction between OC users and NC women. Further, the post-hoc analysis revealed that a period of stress-buffering group activities significantly decreased ACTH levels in NC women during menstrual and secretory phases, but not during the proliferative phase. In contrast, OC users did not display a decrease during group activities, regardless of the phase. CONCLUSION This study underscores the influence of OC use on stress regulation, demonstrating that OCs not only modulate reproductive functions but also impact ACTH stress reactivity. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of considering hormonal contraceptive use and menstrual cycle phases when assessing female stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ben Garforth
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Paul J Zak
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
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Chávez-Penha R, Bustamante-Teixeira MT, Nogueira MC. Age-Period-Cohort Study of Breast Cancer Mortality in Brazil in State Capitals and in Non-Capital Municipalities from 1980 to 2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6505. [PMID: 37569045 PMCID: PMC10418483 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer was identified as the cancer with the highest mortality rate among women in Brazil. This study analyzed the effects of age, period and birth cohort on the breast cancer mortality rate for Brazilian women, comparing state capitals and non-capital municipalities. Population and deaths data were extracted from the Brazilian Unified Health System database for women aged 30 years or older, for the years between 1980 and 2019. The effects were analyzed using the age-period-cohort model. Age effect on breast cancer mortality is observed in the model through higher mortality rates at older ages. Period effect is similar in all regions in the form of a marked increase in the rate ratio (RR) in non-capital municipalities by period than in state capitals. The RR of birth cohorts in the state capitals remained stable (north, northeast and central-west regions) or decreased followed by an increase in the most recent cohorts (Brazil as a whole and the southeast and south regions). The RR for the other municipalities, however, showed a progressive increase in the cohorts for all regions. Policies and actions focused on breast cancer in women should consider these differences among Brazilian regions, state capitals and other municipalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Chávez-Penha
- Post-Graduation Program in Collective Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | | | - Mário Círio Nogueira
- Post-Graduation Program in Collective Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
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Taneepanichskul S, Chuemchit M, Wongsasuluk P, Sirichokchatchawan W, Hounnaklang N, Zongram O, Sematong S, Viwattanakulvanid P, Herman B. Practice, confidence and continuity of breast self-examination among women in Thailand during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071306. [PMID: 37527895 PMCID: PMC10394538 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast self-examination (BSE) is the most feasible screening tool compared with clinical breast examination and mammography. It is crucial to address the associated factors of practising BSE to develop a targeted BSE promotion programme and improve the BSE quality in Thai women, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a cross-sectional study in Thailand's north and northeast region from March 2020 to November 2022. PARTICIPANTS This study involved 405 women aged 30-70 years old. VARIABLES AND OUTCOMES Demographic information, health status and BSE were collected using a modified questionnaire based on the Champion Health Belief Model. The outcomes were ever-practising BSE, BSE practice within the last 6 months, continuity of BSE and confidence in doing BSE. Logistic regression and decision tree analysis identified the associated factors. RESULTS 75.55% of participants ever performed BSE. Around 74.18% did BSE within the last 6 months. Diploma graduates (adjusted OR (aOR) 25.48, 95% CI 2.04 to 318.07), 21-40 reproductive years (aOR 4.29, 95% CI 1.22 to 15.08), ever pregnant (aOR 3.31, 95% CI 1.05 to 10.49), not drinking alcohol (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.04 to 4.55), not receiving hormone replacement (aOR 5.51, 95% CI 2.04 to 14.89), higher knowledge (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.52), attitude (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.26) and practice/cues of action towards BSE were associated with ever-practising BSE. Frequent high-fat diet, high awareness of breast cancer, lower knowledge of BSE and lower attitude toward BSE were associated with not practising BSE within 6 months and BSE discontinuation. Only high knowledge of BSE was associated with absolute confidence in BSE (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Despite having a higher percentage than other studies in different countries prior to the pandemic, it is still crucial to improve knowledge of BSE to encourage BSE practice, confidence and continuity of BSE in Thai women. Moreover, the BSE campaign should target women with prolonged exposure to oestrogen and sedentary lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Montakarn Chuemchit
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pokkate Wongsasuluk
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Onuma Zongram
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saowanee Sematong
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Bumi Herman
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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