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Narreddy HR, Kondapalli RP, Venkateswarulu TC. Enhanced production of yellow fever virus through tailored culture media optimization. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38921647 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2366990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, an initial screening was conducted using 12 types of cell culture media, and four media with the best performance were selected for further study. The optimization of four media blend for YFV production was evaluated using an Augmented simplex centroid mixture design. Among all the different models that were investigated, the quadratic model was found to be the most appropriate model for exploring mixture design. It was found that M10 exhibited the greatest impact on YFV production, followed by M9, M4, and M1. The utilization of M1 and M4 media individually yielded higher compared to their blends with other media. The YFV titers were reduced when M1 media was combined with other media. The utilization of M9 and M10 media in combination resulted a higher viral yield compared to their respective concentrations. The optimal ratio for achieving a higher titer of YFV from primary CEFs was found to be approximately 38:62, with M9 and M10 being the most favorable media blend. The use of a media mixture led to a significant increase of virus titer up to 2.6 × 108 PFU/ml or 2 log titer yield, which is equivalent to 1.92 × 105 doses, without any changes to growth conditions or other process factors. This study concluded that the utilization of a mixture design could be efficiently employed to choose the optimal combination of media blends for enhanced viral production from cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hareesh Reddy Narreddy
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - T C Venkateswarulu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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2
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Simões M, da Silva SA, Lúcio KA, de Oliveira Vieira R, Schwarcz WD, de Lima SMB, Camacho LAB. Standardization, validation, and comparative evaluation of a faster and high-performance test for quantification of yellow fever neutralizing antibodies. J Immunol Methods 2023; 522:113568. [PMID: 37748728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Although it is considered the reference for quantification of neutralizing antibodies, classical method of the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is labor intensive, requires specific equipment and inputs, besides a long time for its finalization, even in the micro-PRNT version (in 96-well plates). It has a higher sample throughput, however the smaller wells make the reading of plaques more difficult. With an immunoenzymatic revelation step and a semi-automated reading, the μFRN-HRP (micro Focus Reduction Neutralization - Horseradish Peroxidase) is a faster and more efficient test for the quantification of YF neutralizing antibodies. This study aimed to standardize, validate, and compare it with the reference method in 6-well plates (PRNT). Once the execution protocol was standardized, precision, accuracy, selectivity, and robustness were evaluated to validate the μFRN-HRP. In addition, 200 sera of vaccinees were processed by the μFRN-HRP and by the micro-PRNT to compare with the reference test, estimating agreement by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The standardization and validation of the μFRN-HRP was carried out successfully. Weak to moderate agreement was observed between μFRN-HRP and PRNT for titers in reciprocal dilution, while the same comparison between the classical tests resulted in a better ICC. However, titers in milli-international units obtained by μFRN-HRP showed a substantial agreement with PRNT, while the agreement between micro-PRNT and PRNT was inferior. Therefore, μFRN-HRP can be used in the confirmation of natural YF infection and immune response to vaccination, replacing the micro-PRNT, gaining agility, while preserving the specificity of the result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Simões
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Stephanie Almeida da Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kelly Araújo Lúcio
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renan de Oliveira Vieira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Waleska Dias Schwarcz
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Wu B, Qi Z, Qian X. Recent Advancements in Mosquito-Borne Flavivirus Vaccine Development. Viruses 2023; 15:813. [PMID: 37112794 PMCID: PMC10143207 DOI: 10.3390/v15040813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lately, the global incidence of flavivirus infection has been increasing dramatically and presents formidable challenges for public health systems around the world. Most clinically significant flaviviruses are mosquito-borne, such as the four serotypes of dengue virus, Zika virus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and yellow fever virus. Until now, no effective antiflaviviral drugs are available to fight flaviviral infection; thus, a highly immunogenic vaccine would be the most effective weapon to control the diseases. In recent years, flavivirus vaccine research has made major breakthroughs with several vaccine candidates showing encouraging results in preclinical and clinical trials. This review summarizes the current advancement, safety, efficacy, advantages and disadvantages of vaccines against mosquito-borne flaviviruses posing significant threats to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongtian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Xijing Qian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
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Edelson PJ, Harold R, Ackelsberg J, Duchin JS, Lawrence SJ, Manabe YC, Zahn M, LaRocque RC. Climate Change and the Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:950-956. [PMID: 36048507 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The earth is rapidly warming, driven by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and other gases that result primarily from fossil fuel combustion. In addition to causing arctic ice melting and extreme weather events, climatologic factors are linked strongly to the transmission of many infectious diseases. Changes in the prevalence of infectious diseases not only reflect the impacts of temperature, humidity, and other weather-related phenomena on pathogens, vectors, and animal hosts but are also part of a complex of social and environmental factors that will be affected by climate change, including land use, migration, and vector control. Vector- and waterborne diseases and coccidioidomycosis are all likely to be affected by a warming planet; there is also potential for climate-driven impacts on emerging infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance. Additional resources for surveillance and public health activities are urgently needed, as well as systematic education of clinicians on the health impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Edelson
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Harold
- Medical Society Consortium on Climate and Health, Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Joel Ackelsberg
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Communicable Disease, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Duchin
- Public Health-Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Yukari C Manabe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matt Zahn
- Orange County Health Care Agency, Santa Ana, California, USA
| | - Regina C LaRocque
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Facchinelli L, Badolo A, McCall PJ. Biology and Behaviour of Aedes aegypti in the Human Environment: Opportunities for Vector Control of Arbovirus Transmission. Viruses 2023; 15:636. [PMID: 36992346 PMCID: PMC10053764 DOI: 10.3390/v15030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is a ubiquitous vector of arboviruses mostly in urbanised areas throughout the tropics and subtropics and a growing threat beyond. Control of Ae. aegypti is difficult and costly, and no vaccines are available for most of the viruses it transmits. With practical control solutions our goal, ideally suitable for delivery by householders in affected communities, we reviewed the literature on adult Ae. aegypti biology and behaviour, within and close to the human home, the arena where such interventions must impact. We found that knowledge was vague or important details were missing for multiple events or activities in the mosquito life cycle, such as the duration or location of the many periods when females rest between blood feeding and oviposition. The existing body of literature, though substantial, is not wholly reliable, and evidence for commonly held "facts" range from untraceable to extensive. Source references of some basic information are poor or date back more than 60 years, while other information that today is accepted widely as "fact" is not supported by evidence in the literature. Many topics, e.g., sugar feeding, resting preferences (location and duration), and blood feeding, merit being revisited in new geographical regions and ecological contexts to identify vulnerabilities for exploitation in control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Facchinelli
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Athanase Badolo
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Philip J. McCall
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
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Watanabe S, Vasudevan SG. Clinical and experimental evidence for transplacental vertical transmission of flaviviruses. Antiviral Res 2023; 210:105512. [PMID: 36572192 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic outbreak in Americas in 2016 attracted global attention because of the association of the virus infection with severe birth defects such as microcephaly, mediated through transplacental virus transmission during pregnancy. Less well-known, but also reported is the increasing evidence that prenatal vertical transmission can be caused by other flaviviruses such as dengue virus (DENV). Currently, the mechanism(s) that cause the vertical transmission of flaviviruses is understudied. Here we review the published reports of clinical evidence of intrauterine transmission of ZIKV and other flaviviruses. We also discuss the animal models for flavivirus infection during pregnancy that have been developed to study the mechanisms underlying the transplacental transmission of flaviviruses in order to develop potential countermeasures for its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Watanabe
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8-College Road, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8-College Road, 169857, Singapore
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Laiton-Donato K, Quintero-Cortés P, Franco-Salazar JP, Peláez-Carvajal D, Navas MC, Junglen S, Parra-Henao G, Usme-Ciro JA. Usefulness of an in vitro-transcribed RNA control for the detection and quantification of Yellow fever virus through real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Infect Dis Now 2023; 53:104654. [PMID: 36709865 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2023.104654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unvaccinated individuals in endemic areas with proven enzootic transmission of Yellow fever virus are at risk of infection due to a dramatic shift in the epidemiology of the disease over recent years. For this reason, epidemiological surveillance and laboratory confirmation of cases have become mandatory. OBJECTIVE To develop and test a control RNA for YFV detection through real-time RT-PCR. METHODS A 437-bp insert containing the T7 promoter and the target sequences for two different in-house protocols was designed in the context of the pUC57 vector and obtained through gene synthesis. After T7-driven in vitro transcription, standard curves were developed for Log10 serial dilutions of the YFV control RNA with 8 replicates. RESULTS A dynamic range of quantification of 10 orders of magnitude was observed with a limit of detection of 6.3 GCE/µL (95% CI, 2.6 to 139.4 GCE/µL). CONCLUSION The plasmid construct is available for YFV molecular test validation on clinical, entomological, and epizootic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Laiton-Donato
- Grupo de Genómica de Microorganismos Emergentes. Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia; CIST-Centro de Investigación en Salud para el Trópico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Paula Quintero-Cortés
- CIST-Centro de Investigación en Salud para el Trópico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Juan P Franco-Salazar
- CIST-Centro de Investigación en Salud para el Trópico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Dioselina Peláez-Carvajal
- Grupo de Genómica de Microorganismos Emergentes. Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maria-Cristina Navas
- Grupo de Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriel Parra-Henao
- CIST-Centro de Investigación en Salud para el Trópico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Jose A Usme-Ciro
- Grupo de Genómica de Microorganismos Emergentes. Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia; CIST-Centro de Investigación en Salud para el Trópico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Santa Marta, Colombia.
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Frassetto FP, Rosemberg S. Neuropathology of yellow fever autopsy cases. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2023; 9:1. [PMID: 36707912 PMCID: PMC9883951 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-022-00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by yellow fever virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus. Despite an effective vaccine, major outbreaks continue to occur around the world. Even though it is not a proven neurotropic virus, neurological symptoms in more severe clinical forms are frequent. The understanding of this apparent paradox is still rarely addressed in literature. METHODS The brains of thirty-eight patients with yellow fever confirmed by RT-PCR, who underwent autopsy, were analyzed morphologically to identify and characterize neuropathological changes. The data were compared with brains collected from individuals without the disease, as a control group. Both cases and controls were subdivided according to the presence or absence of co-concurrent septic shock, to exclude changes of the sepsis associated encephalopathy. To verify possible morphological differences between the yellow fever cases groups, between the control groups, and between the cases and the controls, we applied the statistical tests Fisher's exact test and chi-square, with p values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS All cases and controls presented, at least focally, neuropathological changes, which included edema, meningeal and parenchymal inflammatory infiltrate and hemorrhages, and perivascular inflammatory infiltrate. We did not find an unequivocal aspect of encephalitis. The only parameter that, after statistical analysis, can be attributed to yellow fever was the perivascular inflammatory infiltrate. CONCLUSIONS The neuropathological findings are sufficient to justify the multiple clinical neurologic disturbances detected in the YF cases. Since most of the parameters evaluated did not show statistically significant difference between cases and controls, an explanation for most of the neuropathological findings may be the vascular changes, consequent to shock induced endotheliopathy, associated with stimulation of the immune system inherent to systemic infectious processes. The statistical difference obtained in yellow fever cases regarding perivascular infiltrate can be can be explained by the immune activation inherent to the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pereira Frassetto
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Present Address: Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University, OH Columbus, United States of America
| | - Sergio Rosemberg
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
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Salgado Á, de Melo-Minardi RC, Giovanetti M, Veloso A, Morais-Rodrigues F, Adelino T, de Jesus R, Tosta S, Azevedo V, Lourenco J, Alcantara LCJ. Machine learning models exploring characteristic single-nucleotide signatures in yellow fever virus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278982. [PMID: 36508435 PMCID: PMC9744328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is the agent of the most severe mosquito-borne disease in the tropics. Recently, Brazil suffered major YFV outbreaks with a high fatality rate affecting areas where the virus has not been reported for decades, consisting of urban areas where a large number of unvaccinated people live. We developed a machine learning framework combining three different algorithms (XGBoost, random forest and regularized logistic regression) to analyze YFV genomic sequences. This method was applied to 56 YFV sequences from human infections and 27 from non-human primate (NHPs) infections to investigate the presence of genetic signatures possibly related to disease severity (in human related sequences) and differences in PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values (in NHP related sequences). Our analyses reveal four non-synonymous single nucleotide variations (SNVs) on sequences from human infections, in proteins NS3 (E614D), NS4a (I69V), NS5 (R727G, V643A) and six non-synonymous SNVs on NHP sequences, in proteins E (L385F), NS1 (A171V), NS3 (I184V) and NS5 (N11S, I374V, E641D). We performed comparative protein structural analysis on these SNVs, describing possible impacts on protein function. Despite the fact that the dataset is limited in size and that this study does not consider virus-host interactions, our work highlights the use of machine learning as a versatile and fast initial approach to genomic data exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Salgado
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AS); (LCJA); (JL)
| | - Raquel C. de Melo-Minardi
- Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriano Veloso
- Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Francielly Morais-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Talita Adelino
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo de Jesus
- Coordenação Geral dos Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Stephane Tosta
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Lourenco
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AS); (LCJA); (JL)
| | - Luiz Carlos J. Alcantara
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AS); (LCJA); (JL)
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Mapping and Validation of Peptides Differentially Recognized by Antibodies from the Serum of Yellow Fever Virus-Infected or 17DD-Vaccinated Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081645. [PMID: 36016268 PMCID: PMC9415205 DOI: 10.3390/v14081645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow Fever disease is caused by the Yellow Fever virus (YFV), an arbovirus from the Flaviviridae family. The re-emergence of Yellow Fever (YF) was facilitated by the increasing urbanization of sylvatic areas, the wide distribution of the mosquito vector, and the low percentage of people immunized in the Americas, which caused severe outbreaks in recent years, with a high mortality rate. Therefore, serological approaches capable of discerning antibodies generated from the wild-type (YFV-WT) strain between the vaccinal strain (YFV-17DD) could facilitate vaccine coverage surveillance, enabling the development of strategies to avoid new outbreaks. In this study, peptides were designed and subjected to microarray procedures with sera collected from individuals infected by WT-YFV and 17DD–YFV of YFV during the Brazilian outbreak of YFV in 2017/2018. From 222 screened peptides, around ten could potentially integrate serological approaches aiming to differentiate vaccinated individuals from naturally infected individuals. Among those peptides, one was synthesized and validated through ELISA.
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Role of Th17 Cytokines in the Liver’s Immune Response during Fatal Yellow Fever: Triggering Cell Damage Mechanisms. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132053. [PMID: 35805137 PMCID: PMC9265354 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is an infectious and acute viral haemorrhagic disease that triggers a cascade of host immune responses. We investigated the Th17 cytokine profile in the liver tissue of patients with fatal YF. Liver tissue samples were collected from 26 deceased patients, including 21 YF-positive and 5 flavivirus-negative patients, with preserved hepatic parenchyma architecture, who died of other causes. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed on the liver samples to evaluate the Th17 profiles (ROR-γ, STAT3, IL-6, TGF-β, IL-17A, and IL-23). Substantial differences were found in the expression levels of these markers between the patients with fatal YF and controls. A predominant expression of Th17 cytokine markers was observed in the midzonal region of the YF cases, the most affected area in the liver acinus, compared with the controls. Histopathological changes in the hepatic parenchyma revealed cellular damage characterised mainly by the presence of inflammatory cell infiltrates, Councilman bodies (apoptotic cells), micro/macrovesicular steatosis, and lytic and coagulative necrosis. Hence, Th17 cytokines play a pivotal role in the immunopathogenesis of YF and contribute markedly to triggering cell damage in patients with fatal disease outcomes.
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Casagrande TZ, Costa-Rocha IAD, Gavi MBRDO, Miyamoto ST, Martins PC, Serrano ÉV, Dinis VG, Machado KLLL, Gouvea SA, Caser LC, Campi-Azevedo AC, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Peruhype-Magalhães V, Bissoli MDF, Gouvea MDPG, Lima SMBD, Miranda EH, Trindade GF, Lyra DGP, Burian APN, Neto LFDSP, da Mota LMH, Martins-Filho OA, Valim V. Previous biological therapy and impairment of the IFN-γ/IL-10 axis are associated with low immune response to 17DD-YF vaccination in patients with spondyloarthritis. Vaccine 2022; 40:4580-4593. [PMID: 35728990 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) vaccination is known to induce a suboptimal response in patients with autoimmune diseases (AIDs). To date, few studies have focused on the performance of 17DD-YF vaccination in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). In general, patients with SpA are young and have less comorbidities than other patients with AIDs, and frequently receive biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) that may impact their response to vaccines. Taking this background information, the present study aimed to investigate whether the use of biological DMARDs, even after planned washout, or disease activity measured by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), would impact the overall performance of planned 17DD-YF primary vaccination in patients with SpA. For this purpose, 74 subjects were enrolled in a prospective study, including adult patients with SpA (SpA; n = 51) and a healthy control (HC; n = 23) group. Analysis of YF specific neutralizing antibodies test (PRNT), along with YF viremia and the levels of serum chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors were performed at distinct time points (D0, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D14, and D28). The BASDAI scores were evaluated at D0 and D180. Data demonstrated that overall, the SpA group presented lower PRNT titers and seropositivity rates as compared to the HC group (GeoMean = 112 vs. 440; 73% vs. 96%, respectively). In SpA subgroup analyses, previous biological DMARDs (BIO-IT) led to a lower PRNT titers (BIO-IT 79, 95% CI [39-150] vs. without biological DMARDs [non-BIO-IT] 159, 95% CI [94-267], p < 0.001). The non-BIO-IT group achieved a response similar to the HC group (81% vs. 96%, p = 0.112), whereas the BIO-IT group had a lower seroconversion rate (64% vs. 96% HC, p = 0.007). The BASDAI was not associated with PRNT levels and did not change after 6 months of follow-up. No differences in YF viremia were observed amongst subgroups. Higher baseline levels of serum biomarkers were observed in the BIO-IT group vs. the non-BIO-IT group, as well as in those with a BASDAI ≥ 4 vs. those with a BASDAI < 4. Increasing levels of several biomarkers were observed in SpA, especially in the BIO-IT and BASDAI ≥ 4 subgroups throughout the timeline kinetics, with impairment/disturbance in the IFN-γ/IL-10 axis around the peak of viremia (D5). Altogether, these findings suggested that the use of biological DMARDs impacts the response to the 17DD-YF vaccine, even after planned washout. Therefore, previous biological DMARD therapy, the inflammatory status prior vaccination, and impairment of the IFN-γ/IL-10 axis at the peak of viremia may determine the immunogenicity of 17DD-YF vaccination in patients with SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thays Zanon Casagrande
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Samira Tatiyama Miyamoto
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Priscila Costa Martins
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Érica Vieira Serrano
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Valquiria Garcia Dinis
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Escola de Ciências da Saúde da Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Ketty Lysie Libardi Lira Machado
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Sonia Alves Gouvea
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Larissa Carvalho Caser
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria de Fatima Bissoli
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Maria da Penha Gomes Gouvea
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Emily Hime Miranda
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gisela Freitas Trindade
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Danielle Grillo Pacheco Lyra
- Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Licia Maria Henrique da Mota
- Serviço de Reumatologia do Hospital Universitário de Brasília, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Valim
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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13
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Misbah S, Low VL, Mohd Rahim NF, Jaba R, Basari N, Ya'cob Z, Abu Bakar S. Mitochondrial Diversity of the Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Peninsular Malaysia. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:865-873. [PMID: 35178576 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus is one of the main mosquito vectors responsible for transmitting arboviruses to humans and animals. The ability of this mosquito to support virus transmission has been linked to vector competence, which is partly attributed to the genetic disparities in Ae. albopictus population. At present, little is known about the biologically important traits of Ae. albopictus in Malaysia. Thus, the study aims to determine the genetic variation of Ae. albopictus based on the mitochondria-encoded sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). A statistical parsimony network of 253 taxa aligned as 321 characters of the COI gene revealed 42 haplotypes (H1-H42), of which H1 was the most widespread haplotype in Peninsular Malaysia. Three highly divergent haplotypes (H21, H30, and H31) were detected from the northern population. Overall, haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 0.576 and 0.003, respectively, with low genetic differentiation (FST = 0.039) and high gene flow (Nm = 12.21) across all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Misbah
- Biological Security and Sustainability (BioSES) Research Interest Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Van Lun Low
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Farhana Mohd Rahim
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rizzuaeammie Jaba
- Biological Security and Sustainability (BioSES) Research Interest Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Norasmah Basari
- Biological Security and Sustainability (BioSES) Research Interest Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Ya'cob
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abu Bakar
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Dong HL, Wang HJ, Liu ZY, Ye Q, Qin XL, Li D, Deng YQ, Jiang T, Li XF, Qin CF. Visualization of yellow fever virus infection in mice using a bioluminescent reporter virus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1739-1750. [PMID: 34379047 PMCID: PMC8425728 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1967705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a re-emerging flavivirus, which can lead to severe clinical manifestations and high mortality, with no specific antiviral therapies available. The live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine 17D (YF17D) has been widely used for over eighty years. However, the emergence of yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YFL-AVD) and yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease (YFL-AND) raised non-negligible concerns. Additionally, the attenuation mechanism of YF17D is still unclear. Thus, the development of convenient models is crucial to understand the mechanisms behind YF17D attenuation and its adverse effects. In this work, we generated a reporter YF17D expressing nano-luciferase (NLuc). In vitro and in vivo characterization demonstrated that the NLuc-YF17D shared similar biological properties with its parental strain and the NLuc activity can reflect viral infectivity reliably. Combined with in vivo bioluminescence imaging, a series of mice models of YF17D infection was established, which will be useful for the evaluation of antiviral medicines and novel vaccine candidates. Especially, we demonstrated that intraperitoneally (i.p.) infection of NLuc-YF17D in type I interferon receptor-deficient mice A129 resulted in outcomes resembling YEL-AVD and YEL-AND, evidenced by viral replication in multiple organs and invasion of the central neuronal system. Finally, in vitro and in vivo assays based on this reporter virus were established to evaluate the antiviral activities of validated antiviral agents. In conclusion, the bioluminescent reporter virus described herein provides a powerful platform to study YF17D attenuation and vaccine-associated diseases as well as to develop novel countermeasures against YFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Long Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Comprehensive Basic Experiment, The Chinese People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,The Center for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Qin
- Research Unit of Discovery and Tracing of Natural Focus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine and Health, Guangxi Vocational and Technical Institute of industry, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Research Unit of Discovery and Tracing of Natural Focus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Re-emergence of yellow fever in the neotropics - quo vadis? Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 4:399-410. [PMID: 33258924 PMCID: PMC7733675 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is the etiological agent of yellow fever (YF), an acute hemorrhagic vector-borne disease with a significant impact on public health, is endemic across tropical regions in Africa and South America. The virus is maintained in two ecologically and evolutionary distinct transmission cycles: an enzootic, sylvatic cycle, where the virus circulates between arboreal Aedes species mosquitoes and non-human primates, and a human or urban cycle, between humans and anthropophilic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. While the urban transmission cycle has been eradicated by a highly efficacious licensed vaccine, the enzootic transmission cycle is not amenable to control interventions, leading to recurrent epizootics and spillover outbreaks into human populations. The nature of YF transmission dynamics is multifactorial and encompasses a complex system of biotic, abiotic, and anthropogenic factors rendering predictions of emergence highly speculative. The recent outbreaks in Africa and Brazil clearly remind us of the significant impact YF emergence events pose on human and animal health. The magnitude of the Brazilian outbreak and spillover in densely populated areas outside the recommended vaccination coverage areas raised the specter of human — to — human transmission and re-establishment of enzootic cycles outside the Amazon basin. Herein, we review the factors that influence the re-emergence potential of YFV in the neotropics and offer insights for a constellation of coordinated approaches to better predict and control future YF emergence events.
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16
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Sikdar A, Gupta R, Boura E. Reviewing Antiviral Research Against Viruses Causing Human Diseases - A Structure Guided Approach. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:306-337. [PMID: 34348638 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210804152836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The littlest of all the pathogens, viruses have continuously been the foremost strange microorganisms to consider. Viral Infections can cause extreme sicknesses as archived by the HIV/AIDS widespread or the later Ebola or Zika episodes. Apprehensive framework distortions are too regularly watched results of numerous viral contaminations. Besides, numerous infections are oncoviruses, which can trigger different sorts of cancer. Nearly every year a modern infection species rises debilitating the world populace with an annihilating episode. Subsequently, the need of creating antivirals to combat such rising infections. In any case, from the innovation of to begin with antiviral medicate Idoxuridine in 1962 to the revelation of Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) that was FDA-approved in 2018, the hone of creating antivirals has changed significantly. In this article, different auxiliary science strategies have been described that can be referral for therapeutics innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Sikdar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Ave, P.O.Box-38103, Memphis, Tennessee. United States
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. United States
| | - Evzen Boura
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 542/2, P.O. Box:16000, Prague. Czech Republic
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17
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Viral and Prion Infections Associated with Central Nervous System Syndromes in Brazil. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071370. [PMID: 34372576 PMCID: PMC8310075 DOI: 10.3390/v13071370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-induced infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are among the most serious problems in public health and can be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, mainly in low- and middle-income countries, where these manifestations have been neglected. Typically, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella-zoster, and enterovirus are responsible for a high number of cases in immunocompetent hosts, whereas other herpesviruses (for example, cytomegalovirus) are the most common in immunocompromised individuals. Arboviruses have also been associated with outbreaks with a high burden of neurological disorders, such as the Zika virus epidemic in Brazil. There is a current lack of understanding in Brazil about the most common viruses involved in CNS infections. In this review, we briefly summarize the most recent studies and findings associated with the CNS, in addition to epidemiological data that provide extensive information on the circulation and diversity of the most common neuro-invasive viruses in Brazil. We also highlight important aspects of the prion-associated diseases. This review provides readers with better knowledge of virus-associated CNS infections. A deeper understanding of these infections will support the improvement of the current surveillance strategies to allow the timely monitoring of the emergence/re-emergence of neurotropic viruses.
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18
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Alvim RGF, Lima TM, Silva JL, de Oliveira GAP, Castilho LR. Process intensification for the production of yellow fever virus-like particles as potential recombinant vaccine antigen. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3581-3592. [PMID: 34143442 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is a life-threatening viral disease endemic in parts of Africa and Latin America. Although there is a very efficacious vaccine since the 1930s, YF still causes 29,000-60,000 annual deaths. During recent YF outbreaks there were issues of vaccine shortage of the current egg-derived vaccine; rare but fatal vaccine adverse effects occurred; and cases were imported to Asia, where the circulating mosquito vector could potentially start local transmission. Here we investigated the production of YF virus-like particles (VLPs) using stably transfected HEK293 cells. Process intensification was achieved by combining sequential FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) rounds to enrich the stable cell pool in terms of high producers and the use of perfusion processes. At shaken-tube scale, FACS enrichment of cells allowed doubling VLP production, and pseudoperfusion cultivation (with daily medium exchange) further increased VLP production by 9.3-fold as compared to batch operation mode. At perfusion bioreactor scale, the use of an inclined settler as cell retention device showed operational advantages over an ATF system. A one-step steric exclusion chromatography purification allowed significant removal of impurities and is a promising technique for future integration of upstream and downstream operations. Characterization by different techniques confirmed the identity and 3D-structure of the purified VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata G F Alvim
- COPPE, PEQ, Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory (LECC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Túlio M Lima
- COPPE, PEQ, Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory (LECC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,School of Chemistry (EQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jerson L Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A P de Oliveira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leda R Castilho
- COPPE, PEQ, Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory (LECC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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19
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Queiroz ALN, Barros RS, Silva SP, Rodrigues DSG, Cruz ACR, dos Santos FB, Vasconcelos PFC, Tesh RB, Nunes BTD, Medeiros DBA. The Usefulness of a Duplex RT-qPCR during the Recent Yellow Fever Brazilian Epidemic: Surveillance of Vaccine Adverse Events, Epizootics and Vectors. Pathogens 2021; 10:693. [PMID: 34204910 PMCID: PMC8228867 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2016 to 2018, Brazil faced the biggest yellow fever (YF) outbreak in the last 80 years, representing a risk of YF reurbanization, especially in megacities. Along with this challenge, the mass administration of the fractionated YF vaccine dose in a naïve population brought another concern: the possibility to increase YF adverse events associated with viscerotropic (YEL-AVD) or neurological disease (YEL-AND). For this reason, we developed a quantitative real time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assay based on a duplex TaqMan protocol to distinguish broad-spectrum infections caused by wild-type yellow fever virus (YFV) strain from adverse events following immunization (AEFI) by 17DD strain during the vaccination campaign used to contain this outbreak. A rapid and more accurate RT-qPCR assay to diagnose YFV was established, being able to detect even different YFV genotypes and geographic strains that circulate in Central and South America. Moreover, after testing around 1400 samples from human cases, non-human primates and mosquitoes, we detected just two YEL-AVD cases, confirmed by sequencing, during the massive vaccination in Brazilian Southeast region, showing lower incidence than AEFI as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L. N. Queiroz
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (R.S.B.); (S.P.S.); (D.S.G.R.); (A.C.R.C.); (P.F.C.V.); (D.B.A.M.)
| | - Rafael S. Barros
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (R.S.B.); (S.P.S.); (D.S.G.R.); (A.C.R.C.); (P.F.C.V.); (D.B.A.M.)
| | - Sandro P. Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (R.S.B.); (S.P.S.); (D.S.G.R.); (A.C.R.C.); (P.F.C.V.); (D.B.A.M.)
| | - Daniela S. G. Rodrigues
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (R.S.B.); (S.P.S.); (D.S.G.R.); (A.C.R.C.); (P.F.C.V.); (D.B.A.M.)
| | - Ana C. R. Cruz
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (R.S.B.); (S.P.S.); (D.S.G.R.); (A.C.R.C.); (P.F.C.V.); (D.B.A.M.)
| | - Flávia B. dos Santos
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (R.S.B.); (S.P.S.); (D.S.G.R.); (A.C.R.C.); (P.F.C.V.); (D.B.A.M.)
| | - Robert B. Tesh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology & Immunology, University Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Bruno T. D. Nunes
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (R.S.B.); (S.P.S.); (D.S.G.R.); (A.C.R.C.); (P.F.C.V.); (D.B.A.M.)
| | - Daniele B. A. Medeiros
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (R.S.B.); (S.P.S.); (D.S.G.R.); (A.C.R.C.); (P.F.C.V.); (D.B.A.M.)
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20
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Voigt EA, Fuerte-Stone J, Granger B, Archer J, Van Hoeven N. Live-attenuated RNA hybrid vaccine technology provides single-dose protection against Chikungunya virus. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2782-2793. [PMID: 34058388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a live-attenuated RNA hybrid vaccine technology that uses an RNA vaccine delivery vehicle to deliver in vitro-transcribed, full-length, live-attenuated viral genomes to the site of vaccination. This technology allows ready manufacturing in a cell-free environment, regardless of viral attenuation level, and it promises to avoid many safety and manufacturing challenges of traditional live-attenuated vaccines. We demonstrate this technology through development and testing of a live-attenuated RNA hybrid vaccine against Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), comprised of an in vitro-transcribed, highly attenuated CHIKV genome delivered by a highly stable nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulation as an intramuscular injection. We demonstrate that single-dose immunization of immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice results in induction of high CHIKV-neutralizing antibody titers and protection against mortality and footpad swelling after lethal CHIKV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Voigt
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | - Jasmine Fuerte-Stone
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Brian Granger
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Jacob Archer
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Neal Van Hoeven
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA; PAI Life Sciences, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
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21
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Blasdell KR, Wynne JW, Perera D, Firth C. First detection of a novel 'unknown host' flavivirus in a Malaysian rodent. Access Microbiol 2021; 3:000223. [PMID: 34151174 PMCID: PMC8208762 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current phylogenetic analysis of the flavivirus genus has identified a group of mosquito-borne viruses for which the vertebrate hosts are currently unknown. Here we report the identification of a novel member of this group from a peridomestic rodent species (Sundamys muelleri) collected in Sarawak, Malaysia in 2016. We propose to name this novel flavivirus Batu Kawa virus after the location in which it was identified, with the abbreviation BKWV. Characterization of the BKWV genome allowed identification of putative mature peptides, potential enzyme motifs and conserved structural elements. Phylogenetic analysis found BKWV to be most closely related to Nhumirim virus (from Brazil) and Barkedji virus (from Senegal and Israel). Both of these viruses have been identified in Culex mosquitoes and belong to a group of viruses with unknown vertebrate hosts. This is the first known report of a member of this group of viruses from a potential mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim R Blasdell
- Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - James W Wynne
- Agriculture and Food Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - David Perera
- The Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Cadhla Firth
- Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
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22
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Population bottlenecks and founder effects: implications for mosquito-borne arboviral emergence. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:184-195. [PMID: 33432235 PMCID: PMC7798019 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-00482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Transmission of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) involves infection and replication in both arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts. Nearly all arboviruses are RNA viruses with high mutation frequencies, which leaves them vulnerable to genetic drift and fitness losses owing to population bottlenecks during vector infection, dissemination from the midgut to the salivary glands and transmission to the vertebrate host. However, despite these bottlenecks, they seem to avoid fitness declines that can result from Muller's ratchet. In addition, founder effects that occur during the geographic introductions of human-amplified arboviruses, including chikungunya virus and Zika virus, can affect epidemic and endemic circulation, as well as virulence. In this Review, we discuss the role of genetic drift following population bottlenecks and founder effects in arboviral evolution and spread, and the emergence of human disease.
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23
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Groaz E, De Clercq E, Herdewijn P. Anno 2021: Which antivirals for the coming decade? ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 57:49-107. [PMID: 34744210 PMCID: PMC8563371 DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in the development of antiviral drugs, among which anti-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) medications can be considered real success stories, many viral infections remain without an effective treatment. This not only applies to infectious outbreaks caused by zoonotic viruses that have recently spilled over into humans such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but also ancient viral diseases that have been brought under control by vaccination such as variola (smallpox), poliomyelitis, measles, and rabies. A largely unsolved problem are endemic respiratory infections due to influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinoviruses, whose associated morbidity will likely worsen with increasing air pollution. Furthermore, climate changes will expose industrialized countries to a dangerous resurgence of viral hemorrhagic fevers, which might also become global infections. Herein, we summarize the recent progress that has been made in the search for new antivirals against these different threats that the world population will need to confront with increasing frequency in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Groaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Corresponding author:
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Tavares da Silva Fernandes A, Moreira SB, Gaspar LP, Simões M, Cajaraville ACDRA, Pereira RC, Gomes MPDB, Linhares JHR, Santos VDO, Santos RT, Amorim JF, Barros TADC, Melgaço JG, da Silva AMV, Fernandes CB, Tubarão LN, da Silva J, Caride EC, Borges MB, Guimarães RC, Marchevsky RS, de Lima SMB, Ano Bom APD, Neves PCDC, Pissinatti A, Freire MDS. Safety and immunogenicity of 17DD attenuated yellow fever vaccine in howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.). J Med Primatol 2020; 50:36-45. [PMID: 33219623 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alouatta spp. are highly susceptible to yellow fever (YF) infection and develop an often fatal disease. The threat posed by an outbreak started in 2016 leads us to investigate vaccination as a potential tool in preventing YF in non-human primates (NHP). METHODS Susceptible howler monkeys were immunized with three different concentrations of the human Brazilian commercial YF17DD vaccine. Post-vaccination viremia/RNAemia, immunogenicity, and safety were characterized. RESULTS The vaccine did not produce YF clinical manifestations in any of the NHPs. After immunization, all animals seroconverted demonstrating the ability of the YF vaccine to induce humoral response in Alouatta species. CONCLUSIONS The present work has demonstrated the safe and immunogenic profile of the existing YF 17DD vaccine in howler monkeys. This knowledge may support further studies with other susceptible monkey species and provide a possible solution for controlling epizootics and preventing the devastation of endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Bahadian Moreira
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro - CPRJ, Instituto Estadual do Ambiente, Guapimirim, Brazil
| | - Luciane Pinto Gaspar
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marisol Simões
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Carvalho Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanessa de Oliveira Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Tourinho Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fernandes Amorim
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Gil Melgaço
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Camilla Bayma Fernandes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Neves Tubarão
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jane da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elena Cristina Caride
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Beatriz Borges
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosane Cuber Guimarães
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Sérgio Marchevsky
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro - CPRJ, Instituto Estadual do Ambiente, Guapimirim, Brazil.,Centro Universitário Serra dos Orgãos, Unifeso, Teresópolis, Brazil
| | - Marcos da Silva Freire
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Pichkur EB, Samygina VR, Ivanova AL, Fedotov AY, Ivanov AP, Khvatov EV, Ishmukhametov AA, Vorovich MF. Preliminary Structural Study of Inactivated Yellow Fever Virus. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774520060267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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de Souza ALDS, Multini LC, Marrelli MT, Wilke ABB. Wing geometric morphometrics for identification of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) of neglected epidemiological importance. Acta Trop 2020; 211:105593. [PMID: 32569588 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Culicidae comprises more than 3500 species, some of which are responsible for the spread of various human diseases, causing millions of deaths worldwide. Correct identification of these species is essential for the development of surveillance and control strategies. The most common method of mosquito identification is based on specific traits of the external morphology of species. However, identification of mosquitoes by morphological characters can be inaccurate or even unfeasible if the specimen is damaged or there is a lack of distinguishing features, as in the case of cryptic species complexes. Wing geometric morphometrics is a reliable, affordable tool for the identification of mosquito species, including sibling species. More importantly, it can be used in addition to both traditional morphologic identification methods as well as genetic approaches. Here, wing geometric morphometrics was used to identify sixteen mosquito species from eight genera: Aedes, Coquillettidia, Culex, Limatus, Mansonia, Psorophora, Runchomyia, and Wyeomyia. The 390 specimens used here were collected in São Paulo, Brazil using CDC traps, aspiration, and Shannon traps. Allometry was assessed by multivariate regression of the Procrustes coordinates on centroid size followed by canonical variate analysis and a pairwise cross-validated reclassification test. A Neighbor-Joining tree based on Mahalanobis distances was constructed with 1,000 bootstrap replicates using MorphoJ 1.02 and Past 2.17c. The canonical variate analysis of genera resulted in distinct clusters for Culex, Limatus, and Psorophora and partial overlapping between Aedes, Coquilettidia, and Mansonia, and between Runchomyia and Wyeomyia. Pairwise cross-validated reclassification tests indicated that genera were identified with an accuracy of at least 99% and subgenera with a mean accuracy of 96% and that in 160 of the 240 possible comparisons species were identified with an accuracy of 100%. Our results show that the eight genera in the study were correctly distinguished by wing shape, as were subgenera and most species, demonstrating that wing geometric morphometrics can be used for the identification of the mosquito species studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Cristina Multini
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André Barretto Bruno Wilke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Diniz LMO, Romanelli RMDC, Bentes AA, Silva NLCD, Soares Cruzeiro FR, Marcial TM, Ribeiro JGL. Yellow fever in children and adolescents previously immunized in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Vaccine 2020; 38:6954-6958. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Torosin NS, Argibay H, Webster TH, Corneli PS, Knapp LA. Comparing the selective landscape of TLR7 and TLR8 across primates reveals unique sites under positive selection in Alouatta. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 152:106920. [PMID: 32768453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Among primates, susceptibility to yellow fever (YFV), a single-stranded (ss) RNA virus, ranges from complete resistance to high susceptibility. Howler monkeys (genus Alouatta) are the most susceptible to YFV. In order to identify Alouatta-specific genetic factors that may be responsible for their susceptibility, we collected skin samples from howler monkey museum specimens of the species A. caraya and A. guariba clamitans. We compared the rate of nonsynonymous to synonymous (dN/dS) changes of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8, the two genes responsible for detecting all ssRNA viruses, across the Primate order. Overall, we found that the TLR7 gene is under stronger purifying selection in howler monkeys compared to other New World and Old World primates, but TLR8 is under the same selective pressure. When we evaluated dN/dS at each codon, we found six codons under positive selection in Alouatta TLR8 and two codons under positive selection in TLR7. The changes in TLR7 are unique to A. guariba clamitans and are found in functionally important regions likely to affect detection of ssRNA viruses by TLR7/TLR8, as well as downstream signaling. These amino acid differences in A. guariba clamitans may play a role in YFV susceptibility. These results have implications for identifying genetic factors affecting YFV susceptibility in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Torosin
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, 260 S. Central Campus Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
| | - Hernan Argibay
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA-CONICET), Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Timothy H Webster
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, 260 S. Central Campus Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Patrice Showers Corneli
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Leslie A Knapp
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, 260 S. Central Campus Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
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29
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Wilke ABB, Vasquez C, Carvajal A, Medina J, Chase C, Cardenas G, Mutebi JP, Petrie WD, Beier JC. Proliferation of Aedes aegypti in urban environments mediated by the availability of key aquatic habitats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12925. [PMID: 32737356 PMCID: PMC7395141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever viruses. Controlling populations of vector mosquito species in urban environments is a major challenge and being able to determine what aquatic habitats should be prioritized for controlling Ae. aegypti populations is key to the development of more effective mosquito control strategies. Therefore, our objective was to leverage on the Miami-Dade County, Florida immature mosquito surveillance system based on requested by citizen complaints through 311 calls to determine what are the most important aquatic habitats in the proliferation of Ae. aegypti in Miami. We used a tobit model for Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae count data, type and count of aquatic habitats, and daily rainfall. Our results revealed that storm drains had 45% lower percentage of Ae. aegypti larvae over the total of larvae and pupae adjusted for daily rainfall when compared to tires, followed by bromeliads with 33% and garbage cans with 17%. These results are indicating that storm drains, bromeliads and garbage cans had significantly more pupae in relation to larvae when compared to tires, traditionally know as productive aquatic habitats for Ae. aegypti. Ultimately, the methodology and results from this study can be used by mosquito control agencies to identify habitats that should be prioritized in mosquito management and control actions, as well as to guide and improve policies and increase community awareness and engagement. Moreover, by targeting the most productive aquatic habitats this approach will allow the development of critical emergency outbreak responses by directing the control response efforts to the most productive aquatic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Barretto Bruno Wilke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | | | | | - Johana Medina
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Catherine Chase
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gabriel Cardenas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - John-Paul Mutebi
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - John C Beier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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30
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Low JG, Ng JHJ, Ong EZ, Kalimuddin S, Wijaya L, Chan YFZ, Ng DHL, Tan HC, Baglody A, Chionh YH, Lee DCP, Budigi Y, Sasisekharan R, Ooi EE. Phase 1 Trial of a Therapeutic Anti-Yellow Fever Virus Human Antibody. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:452-459. [PMID: 32726531 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient vaccine doses and the lack of therapeutic agents for yellow fever put global health at risk, should this virus emerge from sub-Saharan Africa and South America. METHODS In phase 1a of this clinical trial, we assessed the safety, side-effect profile, and pharmacokinetics of TY014, a fully human IgG1 anti-yellow fever virus monoclonal antibody. In a double-blind, phase 1b clinical trial, we assessed the efficacy of TY014, as compared with placebo, in abrogating viremia related to the administration of live yellow fever vaccine (YF17D-204; Stamaril). The primary safety outcomes were adverse events reported 1 hour after the infusion and throughout the trial. The primary efficacy outcome was the dose of TY014 at which 100% of the participants tested negative for viremia within 48 hours after infusion. RESULTS A total of 27 healthy participants were enrolled in phase 1a, and 10 participants in phase 1b. During phase 1a, TY014 dose escalation to a maximum of 20 mg per kilogram of body weight occurred in 22 participants. During phases 1a and 1b, adverse events within 1 hour after infusion occurred in 1 of 27 participants who received TY014 and in none of the 10 participants who received placebo. At least one adverse event occurred during the trial in 22 participants who received TY014 and in 8 who received placebo. The mean half-life of TY014 was approximately 12.8 days. At 48 hours after the infusion, none of the 5 participants who received the starting dose of TY014 of 2 mg per kilogram had detectable YF17D-204 viremia; these participants remained aviremic throughout the trial. Viremia was observed at 48 hours after the infusion in 2 of 5 participants who received placebo and at 72 hours in 2 more placebo recipients. Symptoms associated with yellow fever vaccine were less frequent in the TY014 group than in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS This phase 1 trial of TY014 did not identify worrisome safety signals and suggested potential clinical benefit, which requires further assessment in a phase 2 trial. (Funded by Tysana; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03776786.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny G Low
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Justin H J Ng
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Eugenia Z Ong
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Limin Wijaya
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Yvonne F Z Chan
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Dorothy H L Ng
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Hwee-Cheng Tan
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Anjali Baglody
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Yok-Hian Chionh
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Debbie C P Lee
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Yadunanda Budigi
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Ram Sasisekharan
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Eng-Eong Ooi
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
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31
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Phan MV, Murad SD, van der Eijk AA, Metselaar HJ, Hartog H, Harinck F, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Molenkamp R, Cotten M, Koopmans MP. Genomic sequence of yellow fever virus from a Dutch traveller returning from the Gambia-Senegal region, the Netherlands, November 2018. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 30696531 PMCID: PMC6351999 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.4.1800684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In November 2018, yellow fever was diagnosed in a Dutch traveller returning from a bicycle tour in the Gambia-Senegal region. A complete genome sequence of yellow fever virus (YFV) from the case was generated and clustered phylogenetically with YFV from the Gambia and Senegal, ruling out importation into the Netherlands from recent outbreaks in Brazil or Angola. We emphasise the need for increased public awareness of YFV vaccination before travelling to endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Vt Phan
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarwa Darwish Murad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Herold J Metselaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hermien Hartog
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Femme Harinck
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Matthew Cotten
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Qing W, Zhijing X, Guangfu Y, Fengxia M, Qiyong L, Zhong Z, Ruiling Z. Variation in the microbiota across different developmental stages of Aedes albopictus is affected by ampicillin exposure. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:1162-1174. [PMID: 32207564 PMCID: PMC7294303 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota plays an important role in the growth of mosquitoes and the transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens. The effects of changes in aquatic habitats in which mosquitoes live, as one of the major factors closely associated with the microbial communities of mosquitoes, on the microbiota of different developmental stages remain to be elucidated. Here, we compared the microbiota of larvae and pupae of Aedes albopictus exposed to different ampicillin concentrations and investigated the bacterial composition of adult females. The results demonstrate that the microbial community differed substantially between developmental stages and that samples of the same stages shared similarities, whereas differences were observed between adult females. Based on all observations, we hypothesize that the use of ampicillin caused dysbiosis rather than excluding bacteria from mosquitoes and that the disturbing effect of ampicillin was obvious in adults. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that most of the bacteria identified in this study were significantly associated with metabolism. Taken together, our results indicate that ampicillin can change the abundance of bacteria, while microbial communities of Ae. albopictus showed obvious stage-specific characteristics. Further investigations are needed to characterize specific bacterial components that are affected by ampicillin exposure and to quantify their functions, thereby providing a better understanding of the influence of antibiotics on microbial communities at different life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Qing
- School of Basic Medical ScienceShandong First Medical UniversityTaianChina
| | - Xue Zhijing
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and ControlNational Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | - Yu Guangfu
- School of Basic Medical ScienceShandong First Medical UniversityTaianChina
| | - Meng Fengxia
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and ControlNational Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | - Liu Qiyong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and ControlNational Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | - Zhang Zhong
- School of Basic Medical ScienceShandong First Medical UniversityTaianChina
| | - Zhang Ruiling
- School of Basic Medical ScienceShandong First Medical UniversityTaianChina
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33
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Noske GD, Gawriljuk VO, Fernandes RS, Furtado ND, Bonaldo MC, Oliva G, Godoy AS. Structural characterization and polymorphism analysis of the NS2B-NS3 protease from the 2017 Brazilian circulating strain of Yellow Fever virus. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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34
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Wilke ABB, Vasquez C, Carvajal A, Moreno M, Diaz Y, Belledent T, Gibson L, Petrie WD, Fuller DO, Beier JC. Cemeteries in Miami-Dade County, Florida are important areas to be targeted in mosquito management and control efforts. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230748. [PMID: 32208462 PMCID: PMC7092980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Definable habitats at the neighborhood level provide a wide range of favorable habitats with optimal conditions and environmental resources for mosquito survival. Problematic habitats for controlling mosquitoes in urban environments such as tire shops, bromeliad patches, and construction sites must be taken into consideration in the development of effective mosquito management and control in urban areas. Cemeteries are often located in highly urbanized areas serving as a haven for populations of vector mosquito species due to the availability of natural resources present in most cemeteries. Even though Miami-Dade County, Florida was the most affected area in the United States during the Zika virus outbreak in 2016 and is currently under a mosquito-borne illness alert after 14 confirmed locally transmitted dengue cases, the role of cemeteries in the proliferation of vector mosquitoes is unknown. Therefore, our objective was to use a cross-sectional experimental design to survey twelve cemeteries across Miami-Dade County to assess if vector mosquitoes in Miami can be found in these areas. Our results are indicating that vector mosquitoes are able to successfully exploit the resources available in the cemeteries. Culex quinquefasciatus was the most abundant species but it was neither as frequent nor present in its immature form as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. This study revealed that vector mosquitoes, such as Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus are successfully exploiting the resources available in these areas being able to thrive and reach high numbers. Mosquito control strategies should consider both long-term strategies, based on changing human behavior to reduce the availability of aquatic habitats for vector mosquitoes; as well as short-term strategies such as drilling holes or adding larvicide to the flower vases. Simple practices would greatly help improve the effectiveness of mosquito management and control in these problematic urban habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B. B. Wilke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Chalmers Vasquez
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Augusto Carvajal
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Maday Moreno
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Yadira Diaz
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Teresa Belledent
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Laurin Gibson
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - William D. Petrie
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Douglas O. Fuller
- Department of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - John C. Beier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
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Broeders S, Garlant L, Fraiture MA, Vandermassen E, Suin V, Vanhomwegen J, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Rousset D, Van Gucht S, Roosens N. A new multiplex RT-qPCR method for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of Zika and chikungunya viruses. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 92:160-170. [PMID: 31884173 PMCID: PMC7129992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The re-emergence and spread of tropical viruses to new areas has raised a wave of concern worldwide. In order to treat patients at an early stage and prevent the diffusion of an outbreak, early diagnosis, and therefore fast and adequate detection, is needed. To this end, a multiplex reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction TaqMan method was designed to detect Zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses simultaneously. METHODS Two methods targeting different genome segments were selected from the literature for each virus. These were adapted for high genome coverage and combined in a four-plex assay that was thoroughly validated in-house. The SCREENED tool was used to evaluate the sequence coverage of the method. RESULTS The full validation approach showed that the new four-plex method allows the specific and sensitive identification and discrimination of ZIKV and CHIKV in routine samples. The combination of two targets per virus allowing almost 100% coverage of about 500 genomes is shown for the first time. CONCLUSIONS PCR is a reliable user-friendly technique that can be applied in remote areas. Such multiplex methods enable early and efficient diagnosis, leading to rapid treatment and effective confinement in outbreak cases. They may also serve as an aid for surveillance, and the full validation permits easy method-transfer allowing worldwide harmonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Broeders
- Sciensano, Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Linda Garlant
- Sciensano, Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Alice Fraiture
- Sciensano, Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Els Vandermassen
- Sciensano, Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Vanessa Suin
- Sciensano, Viral Diseases, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jessica Vanhomwegen
- Institut Pasteur France, Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence (CIBU), 25-28 rue du docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
| | - Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, URE Dengue et Arboviroses, 11 ave P. Doumer, BP 61, 98845 Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia.
| | - Dominique Rousset
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Laboratoire de Virologie, 23 avenue Pasteur - BP 6010, 97306 Cayenne Cedex, Guyana.
| | - Steven Van Gucht
- Sciensano, Viral Diseases, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nancy Roosens
- Sciensano, Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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36
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Double Lock of a Human Neutralizing and Protective Monoclonal Antibody Targeting the Yellow Fever Virus Envelope. Cell Rep 2020; 26:438-446.e5. [PMID: 30625326 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV), a deadly human pathogen, is the prototype of the genus Flavivirus. Recently, YFV re-emerged in Africa and Brazil, leading to hundreds of deaths, with some cases imported to China. Prophylactic or therapeutic countermeasures are urgently needed. Previously, several human monoclonal antibodies against YFV were screened out by phage display. Here, we find that one of them, 5A, exhibits high neutralizing potency and good protection. Crystallographic analysis of the YFV envelope (E) protein in its pre- and post-fusion states shows conformations similar to those observed in other E proteins of flaviviruses. Furthermore, the structures of 5A in complex with the E protein in both states are resolved, revealing an invariant recognition site. Structural analysis and functional data suggest that 5A has high neutralization potency because it interferes with virus entry by preventing both virus attachment and fusion. These findings will be instrumental for immunogen or inhibitor design.
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37
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Phan MVT, Mendonca Melo M, van Nood E, Aron G, Kreeft-Voermans JJC, Koopmans MPG, Reusken C, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Cotten M. Shedding of Yellow Fever Virus From an Imported Case in the Netherlands After Travel to Brazil. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa020. [PMID: 32055637 PMCID: PMC7008093 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report yellow fever infection in a Dutch traveler returning from Brazil. Yellow fever virus (YFV) was identified in serum and urine samples over a period of 1 month. Yellow fever virus genome sequences from the patient clustered with recent Brazilian YFV and showed with limited nucleotide changes during the resolving infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- My V T Phan
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariana Mendonca Melo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Els van Nood
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Georgina Aron
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Chantal Reusken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Matthew Cotten
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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38
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Tosta SFDO, Passos MS, Kato R, Salgado Á, Xavier J, Jaiswal AK, Soares SC, Azevedo V, Giovanetti M, Tiwari S, Alcantara LCJ. Multi-epitope based vaccine against yellow fever virus applying immunoinformatics approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:219-235. [PMID: 31854239 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1707120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Yellow fever disease is considered a re-emerging major health issue which has caused recent outbreaks with a high number of deaths. Tropical countries, mainly African and South American, are the most affected by Yellow fever outbreaks. Despite the availability of an attenuated vaccine, its use is limited for some groups such as pregnant and nursing women, immunocompromised and immunosuppressed patients, elderly people >65 years, infants <6 months and patients with biological disorders like thymus disorders. In order to achieve new preventive measures, we applied immunoinformatics approaches to develop a multi-epitope-based subunit vaccine for Yellow fever virus. Different epitopes, related to humoral and cell-mediated immunity, were predicted for complete polyproteins of two Yellow fever strains (Asibi and 17 D vaccine). Those epitopes common for both strains were mapped into a set of 137 sequences of Yellow fever virus, including 77 sequences from a recent outbreak at the state of Minas Gerais, southeast Brazil. Therefore, the present work uses robust bioinformatics approaches for the identification of a multi-epitope vaccine against the Yellow fever virus. Our results indicate that the identified multi-epitope vaccine might stimulate humoral and cellular immune responses and could be a potential vaccine candidate against Yellow fever virus infection. Hence, it should be subjected to further experimental validations. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Fraga de Oliveira Tosta
- Postgraduate Program in Bioinformatics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santana Passos
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Kato
- Postgraduate Program in Bioinformatics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Salgado
- Postgraduate Program in Bioinformatics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Joilson Xavier
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Arun Kumar Jaiswal
- Postgraduate Program in Bioinformatics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Siomar C Soares
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Postgraduate Program in Bioinformatics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Manguinhos, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Postgraduate Program in Bioinformatics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Manguinhos, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
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Kimathi D, Juan A, Bejon P, Grais RF, Warimwe GM. Randomized, double-blinded, controlled non-inferiority trials evaluating the immunogenicity and safety of fractional doses of Yellow Fever vaccines in Kenya and Uganda. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:182. [PMID: 31984244 PMCID: PMC6971842 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15579.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Yellow fever is endemic in specific regions of sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas, with recent epidemics occurring on both continents. The yellow fever vaccine is effective, affordable and safe, providing life-long immunity following a single dose vaccination. However, the vaccine production process is slow and cannot be readily scaled up during epidemics. This has led the World Health Organization (WHO) to recommend the use of fractional doses as a dose-sparing strategy during epidemics, but there are no randomized controlled trials of fractional yellow fever vaccine doses in Africa. Methods and analysis: We will recruit healthy adult volunteers, adults living with HIV, and children to a series of randomized controlled trials aiming to determine the immunogenicity and safety of fractional vaccine doses in comparison to the standard vaccine dose. The trials will be conducted across two sites; Kilifi, Kenya and Mbarara, Uganda. Recruited participants will be randomized to receive fractional or standard doses of yellow fever vaccine. Scheduled visits will include blood collection for serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before vaccination and on various days - up to 2 years - post-vaccination. The primary outcome is the rate of seroconversion as measured by the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT 50) at 28 days post-vaccination. Secondary outcomes include antibody titre changes, longevity of the immune response, safety assessment using clinical data, the nature and magnitude of the cellular immune response and post-vaccination control of viremia by vaccine dose. Ethics and dissemination: The clinical trial protocols have received approval from the relevant institutional ethics and regulatory review committees in Kenya and Uganda, and the WHO Ethics Review Committee. The research findings will be disseminated through open-access publications and presented at relevant conferences and workshops. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02991495 (registered on 13 December 2016) and NCT04059471 (registered on 15 August 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick Kimathi
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Philip Bejon
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - George M. Warimwe
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - YEFE and NIFTY vaccine trials teams
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Epicentre, Paris, France
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40
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Santos EB, Favretto MA, Navarro‐Silva MA. Community structure of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the coast of Southern Brazil. AUSTRAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 58:826-835. [DOI: 10.1111/aen.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emili B Santos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Curitibanos Km 3, Ulysses Gaboardi Road Curitibanos Santa Catarina State Brazil
| | - Mario A Favretto
- Secretaria Municipal de SaúdePrefeitura Municipal de Campos Novos Caetano Belincanta Neto Avenue Campos Novos Santa Catarina State Brazil
| | - Mario A Navarro‐Silva
- Departamento de ZoologiaUniversidade Federal do Paraná Jardim das Américas Curitiba Paraná State Brazil
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41
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Yellow Fever: Integrating Current Knowledge with Technological Innovations to Identify Strategies for Controlling a Re-Emerging Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100960. [PMID: 31627415 PMCID: PMC6832525 DOI: 10.3390/v11100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) represents a re-emerging zoonotic pathogen, transmitted by mosquito vectors to humans from primate reservoirs. Sporadic outbreaks of YFV occur in endemic tropical regions, causing a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) associated with high mortality rates. Despite a highly effective vaccine, no antiviral treatments currently exist. Therefore, YFV represents a neglected tropical disease and is chronically understudied, with many aspects of YFV biology incompletely defined including host range, host–virus interactions and correlates of host immunity and pathogenicity. In this article, we review the current state of YFV research, focusing on the viral lifecycle, host responses to infection, species tropism and the success and associated limitations of the YFV-17D vaccine. In addition, we highlight the current lack of available treatments and use publicly available sequence and structural data to assess global patterns of YFV sequence diversity and identify potential drug targets. Finally, we discuss how technological advances, including real-time epidemiological monitoring of outbreaks using next-generation sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 modification of vector species, could be utilized in future battles against this re-emerging pathogen which continues to cause devastating disease.
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42
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Consensus and uncertainty in the geographic range of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the contiguous United States: Multi-model assessment and synthesis. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007369. [PMID: 31600194 PMCID: PMC6786520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) and Ae. (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) mosquitoes can transmit dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. Limited surveillance has led to uncertainty regarding the geographic ranges of these vectors globally, and particularly in regions at the present-day margins of habitat suitability such as the contiguous United States. Empirical habitat suitability models based on environmental conditions can augment surveillance gaps to describe the estimated potential species ranges, but model accuracy is unclear. We identified previously published regional and global habitat suitability models for Ae. aegypti (n = 6) and Ae. albopictus (n = 8) for which adequate information was available to reproduce the models for the contiguous U.S. Using a training subset of recently updated county-level surveillance records of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus and records of counties conducting surveillance, we constructed accuracy-weighted, probabilistic ensemble models from these base models. To assess accuracy and uncertainty we compared individual and ensemble model predictions of species presence or absence to both training and testing data. The ensemble models were among the most accurate and also provided calibrated probabilities of presence for each species. The quantitative probabilistic framework enabled identification of areas with high uncertainty and model bias across the U.S. where improved models or additional data could be most beneficial. The results may be of immediate utility for counties considering surveillance and control programs for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Moreover, the assessment framework can drive future efforts to provide validated quantitative estimates to support these programs at local, national, and international scales. Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes can transmit dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika viruses, yet because of limited data the edges of the geographic range of these important species remain uncertain. We assessed numerous previously published model-based estimates of the range of these mosquitoes in the United States and combined those models to produce calibrated estimates of the probability of finding each mosquito in each county. Comparing these estimates to county-level data, we found that there are areas of substantial uncertainty and specific areas where model-based predictions do not align well with available data. The results provide specific information that can help guide national- or state-level efforts to monitor and control Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Beyond the specific findings, this approach to leveraging limited data and multiple quantitative models can be employed in other settings to better characterize the distribution of these species and other medically important vectors globally.
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Childs ML, Nova N, Colvin J, Mordecai EA. Mosquito and primate ecology predict human risk of yellow fever virus spillover in Brazil. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180335. [PMID: 31401964 PMCID: PMC6711306 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Many (re)emerging infectious diseases in humans arise from pathogen spillover from wildlife or livestock, and accurately predicting pathogen spillover is an important public health goal. In the Americas, yellow fever in humans primarily occurs following spillover from non-human primates via mosquitoes. Predicting yellow fever spillover can improve public health responses through vector control and mass vaccination. Here, we develop and test a mechanistic model of pathogen spillover to predict human risk for yellow fever in Brazil. This environmental risk model, based on the ecology of mosquito vectors and non-human primate hosts, distinguished municipality-months with yellow fever spillover from 2001 to 2016 with high accuracy (AUC = 0.72). Incorporating hypothesized cyclical dynamics of infected primates improved accuracy (AUC = 0.79). Using boosted regression trees to identify gaps in the mechanistic model, we found that important predictors include current and one-month lagged environmental risk, vaccine coverage, population density, temperature and precipitation. More broadly, we show that for a widespread human viral pathogen, the ecological interactions between environment, vectors, reservoir hosts and humans can predict spillover with surprising accuracy, suggesting the potential to improve preventive action to reduce yellow fever spillover and avert onward epidemics in humans. This article is part of the theme issue 'Dynamic and integrative approaches to understanding pathogen spillover'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L. Childs
- Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicole Nova
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Justine Colvin
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erin A. Mordecai
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Duarte-Neto AN. Pathology of infectious diseases: new agents, opportunistic, neglectable, emergent, reemergent diseases and why not super resistant nosocomial bacteria? AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2019; 9:e2019126. [PMID: 31641650 PMCID: PMC6768261 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2019.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amaro Nunes Duarte-Neto
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Medicine, Hospital das Clínicas. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Virus-Like Particle Systems for Vaccine Development against Viruses in the Flaviviridae Family. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040123. [PMID: 31547131 PMCID: PMC6963367 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses in the Flaviviridae family are important human and animal pathogens that impose serious threats to global public health. This family of viruses includes emerging and re-emerging viruses, most of which are transmitted by infected mosquito or tick bites. Currently, there is no protective vaccine or effective antiviral treatment against the majority of these viruses, and due to their growing spread, several strategies have been employed to manufacture prophylactic vaccines against these infectious agents including virus-like particle (VLP) subunit vaccines. VLPs are genomeless viral particles that resemble authentic viruses and contain critical repetitive conformational structures on their surface that can trigger the induction of both humoral and cellular responses, making them safe and ideal vaccine candidates against these viruses. In this review, we focus on the potential of the VLP platform in the current vaccine development against the medically important viruses in the Flaviviridae family.
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Brandão-de-Resende C, Cunha LHM, Oliveira SL, Pereira LS, Oliveira JGF, Santos TA, Vasconcelos-Santos DV. Characterization of Retinopathy Among Patients With Yellow Fever During 2 Outbreaks in Southeastern Brazil. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019; 137:996-1002. [PMID: 31219512 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Importance Yellow fever still threatens people in endemic areas, and besides conjunctival icterus, little is known about the ocular changes that occur in these patients. Objective To characterize retinal changes in patients with confirmed yellow fever during 2 recent outbreaks of the disease in Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional, observational study conducted at a single referral center for infectious diseases in Southeastern Brazil collected data between January 2017 and February 2018 from 94 consecutive patients with suspicion of yellow fever who were eligible for the study. Main Outcomes and Measures Patients underwent ophthalmic examination. Clinical findings, laboratory results, and occurrence of retinopathy and death during hospitalization were reported, including age, sex, comorbidities, disease severity, serum aspartate aminotransferase level, total bilirubin level, serum creatinine level, arterial lactate level, international normalized ratio, and platelet count at hospital admission. Results In total, 64 patients were included who had received a confirmed diagnosis of yellow fever, with a median (interquartile range) age of 47 (38-56) years, and 12 patients (19%) were women. Twenty eyes (16%) of 13 patients (20%) had retinopathy at the same time as yellow fever. The most common fundus changes among the 20 eyes were retinal nerve fiber layer infarcts (11 [55%]), superficial hemorrhages (7 [35%]) and grayish deep lesions (6 [30%]), possibly at the level of the outer retina or choroid. Aspartate aminotransferase levels higher than 3000 U/L (odds ratio [OR], 14.2; 95% CI, 3.5-77.8; P < .001), total bilirubin levels higher than 2.3 mg/dL (OR, 20.0; 95% CI, 4.4-159.7; P < .001), serum creatinine levels higher than 2.0 mg/dL (OR, 8.2; 95% CI, 2.1-36.0; P = .003), arterial lactate levels higher than 17.1/mg/dL (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.1-19.0; P = .03), platelet count lower than 94 × 103/μL (OR, 7.8; 95% CI, 1.8-59.9; P = .004), and classification of disease as severe (OR, 11.7; 95% CI, 2.0-301.0; P = .003) were associated with retinopathy. Arterial hypertension, diabetes, international normalized ratio, and death were not associated with retinopathy. Conclusions and Relevance Retinopathy was present in 20% of patients with yellow fever and appeared to be associated with more severe systemic disease. Retinal nerve fiber layer infarcts and superficial hemorrhages, but not the grayish deep lesions, resembled those associated with other flavivirus (eg, dengue virus) infections. The clinical relevance of these findings may warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Brandão-de-Resende
- Hospital São Geraldo e Centro de Telessaúde/Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leandro H M Cunha
- Hospital São Geraldo e Centro de Telessaúde/Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Simone L Oliveira
- Hospital São Geraldo e Centro de Telessaúde/Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leonardo S Pereira
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline G F Oliveira
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tayrine A Santos
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel V Vasconcelos-Santos
- Hospital São Geraldo e Centro de Telessaúde/Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Flamand C, Bailly S, Fritzell C, Fernandes Pellerin S, Toure A, Chateau N, Saout M, Linares S, Dubois F, Filleul L, Kazanji M. Vaccination coverage in the context of the emerging Yellow Fever threat in French Guiana. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007661. [PMID: 31425507 PMCID: PMC6715233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background French Guiana, a French overseas department located in South America between Brazil and Surinam, is the only European territory geographically located in the Amazonian forest complex and is considered endemic for yellow fever (YF). In the context of the emergent threat of YF in Latin America, we conducted a large household cross-sectional survey from June to October 2017 to estimate vaccination coverage in the population and to determine associations with sociodemographic and geographical characteristics. Methodology/Principal findings In total, 1,415 households and 2,697 individuals were included from the 22 municipalities of French Guiana. YF vaccination coverage was estimated at 95.0% (95% CI: 93.4–96.2) in the entire territory but was spatially heterogeneous, with the lowest levels estimated in the western part of the territory along the Surinamese cross-border region, particularly in children under 16 years who were not enrolled in school, immigrant adults and disadvantaged populations with low socioeconomic indexes. Conclusions/Significance Despite the good vaccination coverage against YF in the general population of French Guiana resulting from the compulsory nature of YF vaccination for residents and travelers, there is an urgent need to improve vaccination coverage in vulnerable populations living in the northwestern part of the territory to limit the risk of transmission in the context of the emerging YF threat in South America. Despite the relative rarity of YF and the significant number of infectious and tropical diseases in French Guiana, clinicians should adopt a high index of suspicion for YF, particularly in vulnerable and at-risk populations. Yellow fever (YF) is the most severe arbovirus to circulate in the Americas. French Guiana, a French overseas department located in South America between Brazil and Surinam, is the only European territory geographically located in the Amazonian forest complex and is considered endemic for YF. We conducted a large general population survey from June to October 2017 to estimate vaccination coverage in the population and to identify target vulnerable populations for catch-up vaccination strategies. In total, 1,415 households and 2,697 individuals were included from the 22 municipalities of French Guiana. YF vaccination coverage was estimated at 95.0% (95% CI: 93.4–96.2) in the entire territory but was spatially heterogeneous, with the lowest levels estimated in the western part of the territory along the Surinamese cross-border region, particularly in children under 16 years who were not enrolled in school, immigrant adults and disadvantaged groups of populations with low socioeconomic indexes. Our findings showed that vaccination campaigns should be prioritized and adapted to improve vaccination coverage among vulnerable populations living in the northwestern part of the territory to limit the risk of transmission in the context of the emerging YF threat in South America. Despite the relative rarity of YF and the significant number of infectious and tropical diseases in French Guiana, clinicians should adopt a high index of suspicion for YF, particularly in vulnerable and at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Flamand
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur in French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarah Bailly
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur in French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Camille Fritzell
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur in French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - Alhassane Toure
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur in French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Naïssa Chateau
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur in French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Mona Saout
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur in French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Sébastien Linares
- Geographic Information and Knowledge Dissemination Unit, Direction de l’Environnement, de l’Aménagement et du logement Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Fabien Dubois
- Geographic Information and Knowledge Dissemination Unit, Direction de l’Environnement, de l’Aménagement et du logement Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - Mirdad Kazanji
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur in French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Mafra-Neto A, Dekker T. Novel odor-based strategies for integrated management of vectors of disease. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 34:105-111. [PMID: 31247410 PMCID: PMC6717672 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The proven ability of vector mosquitoes to adapt to various strategies developed to control them has enabled mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis to remain entrenched as public health threats all over the world. Rather than continuing to seek a miracle cure for all mosquito vector problems among the ranks of single mode-of-action chemical pesticides, today's developers of vector control strategies are increasingly turning to more integrated, varied techniques, relying on pheromones and other semiochemicals to effect vector control through behavioral manipulation of the vector. Examples of this focus include attract-and-kill technologies utilizing floral odors and vertebrate host-associated scent cues to achieve control of adult mosquitoes, and selective oviposition attractants and larval phagostimulants to improve the efficacy of bacterial larvicides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teun Dekker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Division of Chemical Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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Adrien N, Hyde TB, Gacic-Dobo M, Hombach J, Krishnaswamy A, Lambach P. Differences between coverage of yellow fever vaccine and the first dose of measles-containing vaccine: A desk review of global data sources. Vaccine 2019; 37:4511-4517. [PMID: 31266670 PMCID: PMC6727197 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The strategy to Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics (EYE) is a global initiative that includes all countries with risk of yellow fever (YF) virus transmission. Of these, 40 countries (27 in Africa and 13 in the Americas) are considered high-risk and targeted for interventions to increase coverage of YF vaccine. Even though the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that YF vaccine be given concurrently with the first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) in YF-endemic settings, estimated coverage for MCV1 and YF vaccine have varied widely. The objective of this study was to review global data sources to assess discrepancies in YF vaccine and MCV1 coverage and identify plausible reasons for these discrepancies. METHODS We conducted a desk review of data from 34 countries (22 in Africa, 12 in Latin America), from 2006 to 2016, with national introduction of YF vaccine and listed as high-risk by the EYE strategy. Data reviewed included procured and administered doses, immunization schedules, routine coverage estimates and reported vaccine stock-outs. In the 30 countries included in the comparitive analysis, differences greater than 3 percentage points between YF vaccine and MCV1 coverage were considered meaningful. RESULTS In America, there were meaningful differences (7-45%) in coverage of the two vaccines in 6 (67%) of the 9 countries. In Africa, there were meaningful differences (4-27%) in coverage of the two vaccines in 9 (43%) of the 21 countries. Nine countries (26%) reported MVC1 stock-outs while sixteen countries (47%) reported YF vaccine stock-outs for three or more years during 2006-2016. CONCLUSION In countries reporting significant differences in coverage of the two vaccines, differences may be driven by different target populations and vaccine availability. However,these were not sufficient to completely explain observed differences. Further follow-up is needed to identify possible reasons for differences in coverage rates in several countries where these could not fully be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedghie Adrien
- Global Immunization Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Terri B Hyde
- Global Immunization Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Marta Gacic-Dobo
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Hombach
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Akshaya Krishnaswamy
- Global Immunization Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Philipp Lambach
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
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Almeida Bentes A, Kroon EG, Romanelli RMDC. Neurological manifestations of pediatric arboviral infections in the Americas. J Clin Virol 2019; 116:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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