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Baronio S, Bassotti M, Armillotta F, Frampton E, Vinogradov NA, Schio L, Floreano L, Verdini A, Vesselli E. Stabilization versus competing de-metalation, trans-metalation and (cyclo)-dehydrogenation of Pd porphyrins at a copper surface. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38895999 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00699b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Metal-porphyrins are studied intensively due their potential applications, deriving from the variety of electronic and chemical properties, tunable by selecting metal centers and functional groups. Metalation, de- and trans-metalation processes are fundamental in this sense to investigate both the synthesis and the stability of these molecular building blocks. More specifically, Pd coordination in tetrapyrroles revealed to be potentially interesting in the fields of cancer therapy, drug delivery and light harvesting. Thus, we focused on the stability of palladium tetraphenyl porphyrins (PdTPPs) on a copper surface by means of combined spectroscopy and microscopy approaches. We find that PdTPPs undergo coverage-dependent trans-metalation accompanied by steric rearrangements already at room temperature, and fully trans-metalate to CuTPPs upon mild annealing. Side reactions such as (cyclo)-dehydrogenation and structural reorganization affect the molecular layer, with Pd-Cu alloying and segregation occurring at higher temperature. Instead, oxygen passivation of the Cu support prevents the metal-involving reactions, thus preserving the layer and increasing the chemical and temperature stability of the Pd porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mattia Bassotti
- Department of Physics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Armillotta
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute of Physics Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Station 3, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Luca Schio
- CNR-IOM - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Area Science Park, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Area Science Park, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Alberto Verdini
- Department of Physics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- CNR-IOM - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Area Science Park, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Erik Vesselli
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Area Science Park, Trieste, Italy.
- Center for Energy, Environment and Transport Giacomo Ciamician, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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2
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Adhikari R, Brox J, Massicot S, Ruppel M, Jux N, Marbach H, Steinrück HP. Structure and Conformation of Individual Molecules upon Adsorption of a Mixture of Benzoporphyrins on Ag(111), Cu(111), and Cu(110) Surfaces. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300355. [PMID: 37341973 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the adsorption behavior of a mixture of six 2H-tetrakis-(3, 5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(x)benzoporphyrins (2H-diTTBP(x)BPs, x=0, 1, 2-cis, 2-trans, 3, and 4) on Ag(111), Cu(111) and Cu(110) at room temperature by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ultra-high vacuum conditions. On Ag(111), we observe an ordered two-dimensional square phase, which is stable up to 400 K. On Cu(111), the same square phase coexists with a stripe phase, which disappears at 400 K. In contrast, on Cu(110), 2H-diTTBP(x)BPs adsorb as immobile isolated molecules or dispersed short chains along the [11 ‾ ${\bar{1}}$ 0] substrate direction, which remain intact up to 450 K. The stabilization of the 2D supramolecular structures on Ag(111) and Cu(111), and of the 1D short chains on Cu(110) is attributed to van der Waals interactions between the tert-butyl and phenyl groups of neighboring molecules. From high-resolution STM, we can assign all six 2H-diTTBP(x)BPs within the ordered structures. Moreover, we deduce a crown shape quadratic conformation on Ag(111) and Cu(111), an additional saddle-shape on Cu(111), and an inverted structure and a quadratic appearance on Cu(110). The different conformations are attributed to the different degree of interaction of the iminic nitrogen atoms of the isoindole and pyrrole groups with the substrate atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Adhikari
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Brox
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen Massicot
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Ruppel
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Chin YC, Yang LX, Hsu FT, Hsu CW, Chang TW, Chen HY, Chen LYC, Chia ZC, Hung CH, Su WC, Chiu YC, Huang CC, Liao MY. Iron oxide@chlorophyll clustered nanoparticles eliminate bladder cancer by photodynamic immunotherapy-initiated ferroptosis and immunostimulation. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:373. [PMID: 35953837 PMCID: PMC9367122 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The escape of bladder cancer from immunosurveillance causes monotherapy to exhibit poor efficacy; therefore, designing a multifunctional nanoparticle that boosts programmed cell death and immunoactivation has potential as a treatment strategy. Herein, we developed a facile one-pot coprecipitation reaction to fabricate cluster-structured nanoparticles (CNPs) assembled from Fe3O4 and iron chlorophyll (Chl/Fe) photosensitizers. This nanoassembled CNP, as a multifunctional theranostic agent, could perform red-NIR fluorescence and change the redox balance by the photoinduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and attenuate iron-mediated lipid peroxidation by the induction of a Fenton-like reaction. The intravesical instillation of Fe3O4@Chl/Fe CNPs modified with 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid (CPBA) may target the BC wall through glycoproteins in the BC cavity, allowing local killing of cancer cells by photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced singlet oxygen and causing chemodynamic therapy (CDT)-mediated ferroptosis. An interesting possibility is reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immunostimulatory after PDT-CDT treatment, which was demonstrated by the reduction of PD-L1 (lower “off” signal to the effector immune cells), IDO-1, TGF-β, and M2-like macrophages and the induction of CD8+ T cells on BC sections. Moreover, the intravesical instillation of Fe3O4@Chl/Fe CNPs may enhance the large-area distribution on the BC wall, improving antitumor efficacy and increasing survival rates from 0 to 91.7%. Our theranostic CNPs not only demonstrated combined PDT-CDT-induced cytotoxicity, ROS production, and ferroptosis to facilitate treatment efficacy but also opened up new horizons for eliminating the immunosuppressive effect by simultaneous PDT-CDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Chin
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Li-Xing Yang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Wei Hsu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxing Branch, Taipei, 103, Taiwan
| | - Te-Wei Chang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Ying Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung, 900, Taiwan
| | - Linda Yen-Chien Chen
- Nanofabrication Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Zi Chun Chia
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Hung
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chiu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. .,Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chia Huang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan. .,Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan. .,Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Yi Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung, 900, Taiwan.
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Albani G, Schio L, Goto F, Calloni A, Orbelli Biroli A, Bossi A, Melone F, Achilli S, Fratesi G, Zucchetti C, Floreano L, Bussetti G. Ordered assembly of non-planar vanadyl-tetraphenylporphyrins on ultra-thin iron oxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17077-17087. [PMID: 35792072 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05914a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stabilizing ordered assemblies of molecules represents the first step towards the construction of molecular devices featuring hybrid (organic-inorganic) interfaces where molecules can be easily functionalized in view of specific applications. Molecular layers of planar metal-tetraphenylporphyrins (MTPP) grown on an ultrathin iron oxide [namely Fe(001)-p(1 × 1)O] show indeed a high degree of structural order. The generality of such a picture is tested by exploiting non-planar porphyrins, such as vanadyl-TPP (VOTPP). These molecules feature a VO2+ ion in their center, with the O atom protruding out of the plane of the porphyrin ring. In this work, by employing diffraction, photoemission and X-ray absorption, we prove that non-planar VOTPP can nevertheless form a square and ordered superstructure, where porphyrin molecules lie flat with respect to the underlying substrate. Ab initio density functional theory simulations are used to elucidate the VO bond orientation with respect to the iron substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Albani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Luca Schio
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali - CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, s.s. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Goto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Alberto Calloni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Alberto Bossi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "G. Natta" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-SCITEC), PST via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Melone
- ETSF and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Achilli
- ETSF and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Guido Fratesi
- ETSF and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Zucchetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Luca Floreano
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali - CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, s.s. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianlorenzo Bussetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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5
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Schio L, Forrer D, Casarin M, Goldoni A, Rogero C, Vittadini A, Floreano L. On surface chemical reactions of free-base and titanyl porphyrins with r-TiO 2(110): a unified picture. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12719-12744. [PMID: 35583960 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective we present a comprehensive study of the multiple reaction products of metal-free porphyrins (2H-Ps) in contact with the rutile TiO2(110) surface. In the absence of peripheral functionalization with specific linkers, the porphyrin adsorption is driven by the coordination of the two pyrrolic nitrogen atoms of the macrocycle to two consecutive oxygen atoms of the protruding Obr rows via hydrogen bonding. This chemical interaction favours the iminic nitrogen uptake of hydrogen from near surface layers at room temperature, thus yielding a stable acidic porphyrin (4H-P). In addition, a mild annealing (∼100 °C) triggers the incorporation of a Ti atom in the porphyrin macrocycle (self-metalation). We recently demonstrated that such a low temperature reaction is driven by a Lewis base iminic attack, which lowers the energy barriers for the outdiffusion of Ti interstitial atoms (Tiint) [Kremer et al., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2021, 564, 150403]. In the monolayer (ML) range, the porphyrin adsorption site, corresponding to a TiO-TPP configuration, is extremely stable and tetraphenyl-porphyrins (TPPs) may even undergo conformational distortion (flattening) by partial cyclo-dehydrogenation, while remaining anchored to the O rows up to 450 °C [Lovat et al., Nanoscale, 2017, 9, 11694]. Here we show that, upon self-metalation, isolated molecules at low coverage may jump atop the rows of five-fold coordinated Ti atoms (Ti5f). This configuration is associated with the formation of a new coordination complex, Ti-O-Ti5f, as determined by comparison with the deposition of pristine titanyl-porphyrin (TiO-TPP) molecules. The newly established Ti-O-Ti5f anchoring configuration is found to be stable also beyond the TPP flattening reaction. The anchoring of TiO-TPP to the Ti5f rows is, however, susceptible to the cross-talk between phenyls of adjacent molecules, which ultimately drives the TiO-TPP temperature evolution in the ML range along the same pathway followed by 2H-TPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schio
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza S.S. 14, Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Daniel Forrer
- CNR-ICMATE and INSTM, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- CNR-ICMATE and INSTM, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Goldoni
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Celia Rogero
- Materials Physics Center MPC, Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza S.S. 14, Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
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6
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Liao MY, Huang TC, Chin YC, Cheng TY, Lin GM. Surfactant-Free Green Synthesis of Au@Chlorophyll Nanorods for NIR PDT-Elicited CDT in Bladder Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2819-2833. [PMID: 35616917 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The facile and straightforward fabrication of NIR-responsive theranostic materials with high biocompatibility is still an unmet need for nanomedicine applications. Here, we used a natural photosensitizer, iron chlorophyll (Chl/Fe), for the J-aggregate template-assisted synthesis of Au@Chl/Fe nanorods with high stability. The assembly of a high amount of Chl/Fe J-aggregate onto the Au surface enabled red-NIR fluorescence for monitoring and tracking residential tumor lesions. The Chl/Fe moieties condensed on the nanorods could change the redox balance by the photon induction of reactive oxygen species and attenuate iron-mediated lipid peroxidation by inducing a Fenton-like reaction. After conjugation with carboxyphenylboronic acid (CPBA) to target the glycoprotein receptor on T24 bladder cancer (BC) cells, the enhanced delivery of Au@Chl/Fe-CPBA nanorods could induce over 85% cell death at extremely low concentrations of 0.16 ppm[Au] at 660 nm and 1.6 ppm[Au] at 785 nm. High lipid peroxidation, as shown by BODIPY staining and GSH depletion, was observed when treated T24 cells were exposed to laser irradiation, suggesting that preliminary photodynamic therapy (PDT) can revitalize Fenton-like reaction-mediated chemodynamic ferroptosis in T24 cells. We also manipulated the localized administration of Au@Chl-Fe combined with PDT at restricted regions in orthotopic tumor-bearing mice to cure malignant BC successfully without recurrence. By intravesical instillation of the Au@Chl/Fe-CPBA nanorods, this localized treatment could prevent the material from entering the systemic circulation, thus minimizing systemic toxicity. Upon activating NIR-PDT-elicited chemodynamic therapy, ultrasound imaging revealed almost complete tumor remission. Anti-tumor efficacy and survival benefit were achieved with a green photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yi Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 90003, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chi Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 90003, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 90003, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 90003, Taiwan
| | - Geng-Min Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 90003, Taiwan
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7
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Stredansky M, Moro S, Corva M, Sturmeit H, Mischke V, Janas D, Cojocariu I, Jugovac M, Cossaro A, Verdini A, Floreano L, Feng Z, Sala A, Comelli G, Windischbacher A, Puschnig P, Hohner C, Kettner M, Libuda J, Cinchetti M, Schneider CM, Feyer V, Vesselli E, Zamborlini G. Disproportionation of Nitric Oxide at a Surface‐Bound Nickel Porphyrinoid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201916. [PMID: 35267236 PMCID: PMC9314816 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Uncommon metal oxidation states in porphyrinoid cofactors are responsible for the activity of many enzymes. The F430 and P450nor co‐factors, with their reduced NiI‐ and FeIII‐containing tetrapyrrolic cores, are prototypical examples of biological systems involved in methane formation and in the reduction of nitric oxide, respectively. Herein, using a comprehensive range of experimental and theoretical methods, we raise evidence that nickel tetraphenyl porphyrins deposited in vacuo on a copper surface are reactive towards nitric oxide disproportionation at room temperature. The interpretation of the measurements is far from being straightforward due to the high reactivity of the different nitrogen oxides species (eventually present in the residual gas background) and of the possible reaction intermediates. The picture is detailed in order to disentangle the challenging complexity of the system, where even a small fraction of contamination can change the scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus Stredansky
- Physics Department University of Trieste via A. Valerio 2 34127 Trieste Italy
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park S.S. 14 km 163,5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Stefania Moro
- Physics Department University of Trieste via A. Valerio 2 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Manuel Corva
- Physics Department University of Trieste via A. Valerio 2 34127 Trieste Italy
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park S.S. 14 km 163,5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | | | | | - David Janas
- Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Dortmund Germany
| | - Iulia Cojocariu
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Germany
| | - Matteo Jugovac
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Germany
| | - Albano Cossaro
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park S.S. 14 km 163,5 34149 Trieste Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science University of Trieste via L-Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Alberto Verdini
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park S.S. 14 km 163,5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park S.S. 14 km 163,5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Zhijing Feng
- Physics Department University of Trieste via A. Valerio 2 34127 Trieste Italy
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park S.S. 14 km 163,5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Alessandro Sala
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park S.S. 14 km 163,5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Giovanni Comelli
- Physics Department University of Trieste via A. Valerio 2 34127 Trieste Italy
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park S.S. 14 km 163,5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | | | - Peter Puschnig
- Institut für Physik Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Chantal Hohner
- Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Miroslav Kettner
- Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Mirko Cinchetti
- Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Dortmund Germany
| | - Claus Michael Schneider
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Germany
- Fakultät f. Physik and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Universität Duisburg-Essen 47048 Duisburg Germany
| | - Vitaliy Feyer
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Germany
- Fakultät f. Physik and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Universität Duisburg-Essen 47048 Duisburg Germany
| | - Erik Vesselli
- Physics Department University of Trieste via A. Valerio 2 34127 Trieste Italy
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park S.S. 14 km 163,5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Giovanni Zamborlini
- Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Dortmund Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Germany
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8
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Stredansky M, Moro S, Corva M, Sturmeit H, Mischke V, Janas D, Cojocariu I, Jugovac M, Cossaro A, Verdini A, Floreano L, Feng Z, Sala A, Comelli G, Windischbacher A, Puschnig P, Hohner C, Kettner M, Libuda J, Cinchetti M, Schneider CM, Feyer V, Vesselli E, Zamborlini G. Disproportionation of Nitric Oxide at a Surface-Bound Nickel Porphyrinoid. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202201916. [PMID: 38505699 PMCID: PMC10947138 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Uncommon metal oxidation states in porphyrinoid cofactors are responsible for the activity of many enzymes. The F430 and P450nor co-factors, with their reduced NiI- and FeIII-containing tetrapyrrolic cores, are prototypical examples of biological systems involved in methane formation and in the reduction of nitric oxide, respectively. Herein, using a comprehensive range of experimental and theoretical methods, we raise evidence that nickel tetraphenyl porphyrins deposited in vacuo on a copper surface are reactive towards nitric oxide disproportionation at room temperature. The interpretation of the measurements is far from being straightforward due to the high reactivity of the different nitrogen oxides species (eventually present in the residual gas background) and of the possible reaction intermediates. The picture is detailed in order to disentangle the challenging complexity of the system, where even a small fraction of contamination can change the scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus Stredansky
- Physics DepartmentUniversity of Triestevia A. Valerio 234127TriesteItaly
- CNR-IOM, Area Science ParkS.S. 14 km 163,534149TriesteItaly
| | - Stefania Moro
- Physics DepartmentUniversity of Triestevia A. Valerio 234127TriesteItaly
| | - Manuel Corva
- Physics DepartmentUniversity of Triestevia A. Valerio 234127TriesteItaly
- CNR-IOM, Area Science ParkS.S. 14 km 163,534149TriesteItaly
| | | | | | - David Janas
- Department of PhysicsTU Dortmund UniversityDortmundGermany
| | - Iulia Cojocariu
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Matteo Jugovac
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Albano Cossaro
- CNR-IOM, Area Science ParkS.S. 14 km 163,534149TriesteItaly
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical ScienceUniversity of Triestevia L-Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | | | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM, Area Science ParkS.S. 14 km 163,534149TriesteItaly
| | - Zhijing Feng
- Physics DepartmentUniversity of Triestevia A. Valerio 234127TriesteItaly
- CNR-IOM, Area Science ParkS.S. 14 km 163,534149TriesteItaly
| | | | - Giovanni Comelli
- Physics DepartmentUniversity of Triestevia A. Valerio 234127TriesteItaly
- CNR-IOM, Area Science ParkS.S. 14 km 163,534149TriesteItaly
| | | | - Peter Puschnig
- Institut für PhysikKarl-Franzens-Universität Graz8010GrazAustria
| | - Chantal Hohner
- Erlangen Center for Interface Research and CatalysisFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Miroslav Kettner
- Erlangen Center for Interface Research and CatalysisFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Erlangen Center for Interface Research and CatalysisFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | | | - Claus Michael Schneider
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
- Fakultät f. Physik and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)Universität Duisburg-Essen47048DuisburgGermany
| | - Vitaliy Feyer
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
- Fakultät f. Physik and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)Universität Duisburg-Essen47048DuisburgGermany
| | - Erik Vesselli
- Physics DepartmentUniversity of Triestevia A. Valerio 234127TriesteItaly
- CNR-IOM, Area Science ParkS.S. 14 km 163,534149TriesteItaly
| | - Giovanni Zamborlini
- Department of PhysicsTU Dortmund UniversityDortmundGermany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
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9
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Edmondson M, Frampton ES, Judd CJ, Champness NR, Jones RG, Saywell A. Order, disorder, and metalation of tetraphenylporphyrin (2H-TPP) on Au(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6247-6250. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00820c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A thermally induced order-disorder transition of tetraphenylporphyrin (2H-TPP) on Au(111) is characterised by a combination of scanning probe microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy-based techniques. We observed that a transition from...
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10
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Büchner R, Fondell M, Haverkamp R, Pietzsch A, Vaz da Cruz V, Föhlisch A. The porphyrin center as a regulator for metal-ligand covalency and π hybridization in the entire molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24765-24772. [PMID: 34714305 PMCID: PMC8579471 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03944j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The central moiety of porphyrins is shown to control the charge state of the inner complex and links it by covalent interaction to the peripheral substituents. This link, which enables the versatile functions of porphyrins, is not picked up in the established, reduced four orbital picture [Gouterman, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1961, 6, 138]. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the N K-edge with density functional theory approaches gives access to the full electronic structure, in particular the π* manifold beyond the Gouterman orbitals. Systematic variation of the central moiety highlights two linked, governing trends: The ionicity of the porphyrin center increases from the aminic N-H to N-Cu to N-Zn to N-Mg to the iminic N:. At the same time covalency with peripheral substituents increases and compensates the buildup of high charge density at the coordinated nitrogen sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robby Büchner
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Mattis Fondell
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Robert Haverkamp
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Annette Pietzsch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Vinícius Vaz da Cruz
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany. .,Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Wechsler D, Fernández CC, Köbl J, Augustin LM, Stumm C, Jux N, Steinrück HP, Williams FJ, Lytken O. Wet-Chemically Prepared Porphyrin Layers on Rutile TiO 2(110). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102871. [PMID: 34066129 PMCID: PMC8150575 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyrins are large organic molecules that are interesting for different applications, such as photovoltaic cells, gas sensors, or in catalysis. For many of these applications, the interactions between adsorbed molecules and surfaces play a crucial role. Studies of porphyrins on surfaces typically fall into one of two groups: (1) evaporation onto well-defined single-crystal surfaces under well-controlled ultrahigh vacuum conditions or (2) more application-oriented wet chemical deposition onto less well-defined high surface area surfaces under ambient conditions. In this study, we will investigate the wet chemical deposition of 5-(monocarboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (MCTPP) on well-defined rutile TiO2(110) single crystals under ambient conditions. Prior to deposition, the TiO2(110) crystals were also cleaned wet-chemically under ambient conditions, meaning none of the preparation steps were done in ultrahigh vacuum. However, after each preparation step, the surfaces were characterized in ultrahigh vacuum with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the result was compared with porphyrin layers prepared in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) by evaporation. The differences of both preparations when exposed to zinc ion solutions will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wechsler
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (J.K.); (L.-M.A.); (H.-P.S.)
| | - Cynthia Carolina Fernández
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, INQUIMAE-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; (C.C.F.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Julia Köbl
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (J.K.); (L.-M.A.); (H.-P.S.)
| | - Lisa-Marie Augustin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (J.K.); (L.-M.A.); (H.-P.S.)
| | - Corinna Stumm
- Lehrstuhl für Katalytische Grenzflächenforschung, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Norbert Jux
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (J.K.); (L.-M.A.); (H.-P.S.)
| | - Federico José Williams
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, INQUIMAE-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; (C.C.F.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Ole Lytken
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (J.K.); (L.-M.A.); (H.-P.S.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Kuliga J, de Campos Ferreirra RC, Adhikari R, Massicot S, Lepper M, Hölzel H, Jux N, Marbach H, de Siervo A, Steinrück H. Metalation of 2HTCNPP on Ag(111) with Zn: Evidence for the Sitting atop Complex at Room Temperature. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:396-403. [PMID: 33285027 PMCID: PMC7986197 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We study the interaction and metalation reaction of a free base 5,10,15,20-terakis(4-cyanophenyl)porphyrin (2HTCNPP) with post-deposited Zn atoms and the targeted reaction product Zn-5,10,15,20-terakis(4-cyanophenyl)porphyrin (ZnTCNPP) on a Ag(111) surface. The investigations are performed with scanning tunneling microscopy at room temperature after Zn deposition and subsequent heating. The goal is to obtain further insights in the metalation reaction and the influence of the cyanogroups on this reaction. The interaction of 2HTCNPP with post-deposited Zn leads to the formation of three different 2D ordered island types that coexist on the surface. All contain a new species with a bright appearance, which increases with the amount of post-deposited Zn. We attribute this to metastable SAT ("sitting atop") complexes formed by Zn and the macrocycle, that is, an intermediate in the metalation reaction to ZnTCNPP, which occurs upon heating to 500 K. Interestingly, the activation barrier for the successive reaction of the SAT complex to the metalated ZnTCNPP species can also be overcome by a voltage pulse applied to the STM tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kuliga
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | | | - Rajan Adhikari
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Stephen Massicot
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Michael Lepper
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Helen Hölzel
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Abner de Siervo
- Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghin”Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas13083-859SPBrazil
| | - Hans‐Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
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13
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Fernández CC, Franke M, Steinrück HP, Lytken O, Williams FJ. Demetalation of Surface Porphyrins at the Solid-Liquid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:852-857. [PMID: 33400533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that control the demetalation of surface porphyrins at the solid-liquid interface is important as the molecular properties of porphyrins are largely determined by their metal centers. In this work, we used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to follow the demetalation of Zn and Cd tetraphenylporphyrin molecules (ZnTPP and CdTPP) adsorbed as three-monolayer-thin multilayer films on Au(111), by exposing the molecular layers to acidic aqueous solutions. We found that porphyrin molecules at the solid-liquid interface are less prone to lose their metal center than molecules in solution. We propose that this behavior is due to either the incoming protons provided by the solution or the outgoing metal ion having to pass through the hydrophobic porphyrin multilayers where they cannot be solvated. Our results are relevant for the design of molecular devices based on porphyrin molecules adsorbed on solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia C Fernández
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía INQUIMAE, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthias Franke
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ole Lytken
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Federico J Williams
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía INQUIMAE, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Kim SJ, Jeon IS, Song W, Myung S, Lim J, Lee SS, Chung TM, An KS. Selective coordination with heterogeneous metal atoms for inorganic–organic hybrid layers. RSC Adv 2021; 11:830-837. [PMID: 35423685 PMCID: PMC8693389 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09415c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid materials using individual metal–organic molecules as building blocks has been of interest for the last few decades. These hybrid materials are appealing due to the opportunities they provide with respect to a variety of potential applications. Here, we report a novel metal–organic nanostructure made by a hybrid synthetic process that is comprised of thermal evaporation (TE) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) for the metalation of an organic layer. In this work, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphyrin (p-(H6)THPP) and tin(ii) bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (Sn(btsa)2) (or diethylzinc (DEZ)) were utilized as the main organic layer and ALD precursors, respectively. Sn and Zn atoms were coordinated sequentially via surface chemical reactions on specific functional groups of the p-(H6)THPP layer, which was deposited on a solid substrate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize and confirm the growth mechanism and optical properties of the synthesized hybrid films. This method should serve as a major breakthrough for building advanced organic–inorganic materials-based devices. The fabrication of a metal–organic nanostructure was demonstrated by the hybrid synthesis process. The metal atoms such as Sn and Zn were sequentially coordinated on specific functional groups of the main organic layer by vapor phase metalation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jun Kim
- Thin Film Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon 34114
- Republic of Korea
- Graphene Research Lab
| | - In Su Jeon
- Thin Film Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon 34114
- Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Song
- Thin Film Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon 34114
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Myung
- Thin Film Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon 34114
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsun Lim
- Thin Film Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon 34114
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sook Lee
- Thin Film Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon 34114
- Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Mo Chung
- Thin Film Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon 34114
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok An
- Thin Film Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon 34114
- Republic of Korea
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15
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Gómez-Herrero AC, Sánchez-Sánchez C, Chérioux F, Martínez JI, Abad J, Floreano L, Verdini A, Cossaro A, Mazaleyrat E, Guisset V, David P, Lisi S, Martín Gago JA, Coraux J. Copper-assisted oxidation of catechols into quinone derivatives. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2257-2267. [PMID: 34163992 PMCID: PMC8179264 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04883f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechols are ubiquitous substances often acting as antioxidants, thus of importance in a variety of biological processes. The Fenton and Haber–Weiss processes are thought to transform these molecules into aggressive reactive oxygen species (ROS), a source of oxidative stress and possibly inducing degenerative diseases. Here, using model conditions (ultrahigh vacuum and single crystals), we unveil another process capable of converting catechols into ROSs, namely an intramolecular redox reaction catalysed by a Cu surface. We focus on a tri-catechol, the hexahydroxytriphenylene molecule, and show that this antioxidant is thereby transformed into a semiquinone, as an intermediate product, and then into an even stronger oxidant, a quinone, as final product. We argue that the transformations occur via two intramolecular redox reactions: since the Cu surface cannot oxidise the molecules, the starting catechol and the semiquinone forms each are, at the same time, self-oxidised and self-reduced. Thanks to these reactions, the quinone and semiquinone are able to interact with the substrate by readily accepting electrons donated by the substrate. Our combined experimental surface science and ab initio analysis highlights the key role played by metal nanoparticles in the development of degenerative diseases. An antioxidant catechol transforms following intramolecular redox reactions into highly reactive oxygen species, a semiquinone and a quinone, on copper.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Sánchez
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Frédéric Chérioux
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, FEMTO-ST, CNRS, UFC 15B avenue des Montboucons F-25030 Besançon Cedex France
| | - Jose Ignacio Martínez
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - José Abad
- Departamento de F, ica Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Calle Doctor Fleming, s/n 30202 Cartagena Spain
| | - Luca Floreano
- Laboratorio TASC, CNR-IOM Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Alberto Verdini
- Laboratorio TASC, CNR-IOM Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Albano Cossaro
- Laboratorio TASC, CNR-IOM Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | | | - Valérie Guisset
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NEEL 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Philippe David
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NEEL 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Simone Lisi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NEEL 38000 Grenoble France
| | - José Angel Martín Gago
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 Madrid 28049 Spain.,Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic 162 00 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Johann Coraux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NEEL 38000 Grenoble France
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16
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Wähler T, Schuster R, Libuda J. Self-Metalation of Anchored Porphyrins on Atomically Defined Cobalt Oxide Surfaces: In situ Studies by Surface Vibrational Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2020; 26:12445-12453. [PMID: 32333716 PMCID: PMC7590103 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metalation of anchored porphyrins is essential for their functionality at hybrid interfaces. In this work, we have studied the anchoring and metalation of a functionalized porphyrin derivative, 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (MCTPP), on an atomically-defined CoO(100) film under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. We follow both the anchoring to the oxide surface and the self-metalation by surface Co2+ ions via infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). At 150 K, MCTPP multilayer films adsorb molecularly on CoO(100) without anchoring to the surface. Upon heating to 195 K, the first layer of porphyrin molecules anchors via formation of a bridging surface carboxylate. Above 460 K, the MCTPP multilayer desorbs and only the anchored monolayer resides on the surface up to temperatures of 600 K approximately. The orientation of anchored MCTPP depends on the surface coverage. At low coverage, the MCTPP adopts a nearly flat-lying geometry, whereas an upright standing film is formed near the multilayer coverage. Self-metalation of MCTPP depends critically on the surface temperature, the coverage and on the molecular orientation. At 150 K, metalation is largely suppressed, while the degree of metalation increases with increasing temperature and reaches a value of around 60 % in the first monolayer at 450 K. At lower coverage higher metalation fractions (85 % and above) are observed, similar as for increasing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wähler
- Interface Research and CatalysisErlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis (ECRC)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Ralf Schuster
- Interface Research and CatalysisErlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis (ECRC)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Interface Research and CatalysisErlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis (ECRC)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
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17
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Franco-Cañellas A, Duhm S, Gerlach A, Schreiber F. Binding and electronic level alignment of π-conjugated systems on metals. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:066501. [PMID: 32101802 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab7a42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We review the binding and energy level alignment of π-conjugated systems on metals, a field which during the last two decades has seen tremendous progress both in terms of experimental characterization as well as in the depth of theoretical understanding. Precise measurements of vertical adsorption distances and the electronic structure together with ab initio calculations have shown that most of the molecular systems have to be considered as intermediate cases between weak physisorption and strong chemisorption. In this regime, the subtle interplay of different effects such as covalent bonding, charge transfer, electrostatic and van der Waals interactions yields a complex situation with different adsorption mechanisms. In order to establish a better understanding of the binding and the electronic level alignment of π-conjugated molecules on metals, we provide an up-to-date overview of the literature, explain the fundamental concepts as well as the experimental techniques and discuss typical case studies. Thereby, we relate the geometric with the electronic structure in a consistent picture and cover the entire range from weak to strong coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Franco-Cañellas
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Zhou K, Liang H, Wang M, Xing S, Ding H, Song Y, Wang Y, Xu Q, He JH, Zhu J, Zhao W, Ma YQ, Shi Z. Fine-tuning of two-dimensional metal-organic nanostructures via alkali-pyridyl coordination. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2170-2176. [PMID: 36132520 PMCID: PMC9418529 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00091d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a fine-tuning of the two-dimensional alkali-pyridyl coordination assemblies facilely realized by surface reaction between tetrapyridyl-porphyrin molecules and alkali halides on Ag(111) under a solventless ultrahigh vacuum condition. High-resolution scanning tunneling topography and X-ray photoelectron spectra reveal the formation of alkali-pyridyl coordination and the induced conformational tuning of the porphyrin macrocycle cores. Furthermore, employing other different alkali halide substitutes, we demonstrate a fine-tuning of the metal-organic nanostructures at the sub-Å scale. Postdeposition of Fe onto the as-formed precursor layer yields a two-dimensional bimetallic framework structure, manifesting a functionalization of the metal-organic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University 215006 Suzhou China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University 518060 Shenzhen China
| | - Shuaipeng Xing
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University 215006 Suzhou China
| | - Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China 230029 Hefei China
| | - Yang Song
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University 215006 Suzhou China
| | - Yuxu Wang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University 215006 Suzhou China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China 230029 Hefei China
| | - Jing-Hui He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University 215123 Suzhou China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China 230029 Hefei China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University 518060 Shenzhen China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ma
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University 215006 Suzhou China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University 210093 Nanjing China
| | - Ziliang Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University 215006 Suzhou China
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19
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Ryan PTP, Lalaguna PL, Haag F, Braim MM, Ding P, Payne DJ, Barth JV, Lee TL, Woodruff DP, Allegretti F, Duncan DA. Validation of the inverted adsorption structure for free-base tetraphenyl porphyrin on Cu(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3681-3684. [PMID: 32118210 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09638h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Utilising normal incidence X-ray standing waves we rigourously scrutinise the "inverted model" as the adsorption structure of free-base tetraphenyl porphyrin on Cu(111). We demonstrate that the iminic N atoms are anchored at near-bridge adsorption sites on the surface displaced laterally by 1.1 ± 0.2 Å in excellent agreement with previously published calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T P Ryan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.
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20
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Kuliga J, Massicot S, Adhikari R, Ruppel M, Jux N, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. Conformation Controls Mobility: 2H-Tetranaphthylporphyrins on Cu(111). Chemphyschem 2020; 21:423-427. [PMID: 31808603 PMCID: PMC7687165 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201901135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption behavior and the mobility of 2H‐Tetranaphthylporphyrin (2HTNP) on Cu(111) was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at room temperature (RT). The molecules adsorb, like the structurally related 2HTPP, in the “inverted” structure with the naphthyl plane restricted to an orientation parallel to the Cu surface. The orientation of the four naphthyl groups yields altogether 16 possible conformations. Due to the existence of rotamer pairs, 10 different appearances are expected on the surface, and all of them are identified by STM at RT. Most interestingly, the orientation of the naphthyl groups significantly influences the diffusion behavior of the molecules on Cu(111). We identify three different groups of conformers, which are either immobile, medium or fast diffusing at RT. The mobility seems to decrease with increasing size of the footprint of the conformers on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kuliga
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen Massicot
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rajan Adhikari
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Ruppel
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Wechsler D, Fernández CC, Tariq Q, Tsud N, Prince KC, Williams FJ, Steinrück HP, Lytken O. Interfacial Reactions of Tetraphenylporphyrin with Cobalt-Oxide Thin Films. Chemistry 2019; 25:13197-13201. [PMID: 31403232 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the adsorption and interfacial reactions of 2H-tetraphenylporphyrin (2HTPP) with cobalt-terminated Co3 O4 (111) and oxygen-terminated CoO(111) thin films using synchrotron-radiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Already at 275 K, we find evidence for the formation of a metalated species, most likely CoTPP, on both surfaces. The degree of self-metalation increases with temperature on both surfaces until 475 K, where the metalation is almost complete. At 575 K the porphyrin coverage decreases drastically on the reducible cobalt-terminated Co3 O4 (111) surface, while higher temperatures are needed on the non-reducible oxygen-terminated CoO(111). The low temperature self-metalation is similar to that observed on MgO(100) surfaces, but drastically different from that observed on TiO2 (110), where no self-metalation is observed at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wechsler
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cynthia C Fernández
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, AnalíticayQuímica Física, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasyNaturales, INQUIMAE-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Quratulain Tariq
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nataliya Tsud
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza-Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza-Trieste, Italy.,IOM, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza-Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico J Williams
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Departamento de Química Inorgánica, AnalíticayQuímica Física, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasyNaturales, INQUIMAE-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ole Lytken
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Zuzak R, Pozo I, Engelund M, Garcia-Lekue A, Vilas-Varela M, Alonso JM, Szymonski M, Guitián E, Pérez D, Godlewski S, Peña D. Synthesis and reactivity of a trigonal porous nanographene on a gold surface. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10143-10148. [PMID: 32055368 PMCID: PMC6979371 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of a triporous nanographene with 102 sp2 carbon atoms by combining solution and surface chemistry.
The synthesis of porous nanographenes is a challenging task for solution chemistry, and thus, on-surface synthesis provides an alternative approach. Here, we report the synthesis of a triporous nanographene with 102 sp2 carbon atoms by combining solution and surface chemistry. The carbon skeleton was obtained by Pd-catalyzed cyclotrimerization of arynes in solution, while planarization of the molecule was achieved through two hierarchically organized on-surface cyclodehydrogenation reactions, intra- and inter-blade. Remarkably, the three non-planar [14]annulene pores of this nanographene further evolved at higher temperatures showing interesting intra-porous on-surface reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM , Faculty of Physics , Astronomy and Applied Computer Science , Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11 , PL 30-348 Kraków , Poland .
| | - Iago Pozo
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782-Santiago de Compostela , Spain .
| | - Mads Engelund
- Espeem S.A.R.L. , L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette , Luxembourg
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center, DIPC , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 , E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain.,IKERBASQUE , Basque Foundation for Science , E-48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782-Santiago de Compostela , Spain .
| | - José M Alonso
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782-Santiago de Compostela , Spain .
| | - Marek Szymonski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM , Faculty of Physics , Astronomy and Applied Computer Science , Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11 , PL 30-348 Kraków , Poland .
| | - Enrique Guitián
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782-Santiago de Compostela , Spain .
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782-Santiago de Compostela , Spain .
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM , Faculty of Physics , Astronomy and Applied Computer Science , Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11 , PL 30-348 Kraków , Poland .
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782-Santiago de Compostela , Spain .
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23
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Duncan DA, Casado Aguilar P, Paszkiewicz M, Diller K, Bondino F, Magnano E, Klappenberger F, Píš I, Rubio A, Barth JV, Pérez Paz A, Allegretti F. Local adsorption structure and bonding of porphine on Cu(111) before and after self-metalation. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:094702. [PMID: 30849887 DOI: 10.1063/1.5084027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have experimentally determined the lateral registry and geometric structure of free-base porphine (2H-P) and copper-metalated porphine (Cu-P) adsorbed on Cu(111), by means of energy-scanned photoelectron diffraction (PhD), and compared the experimental results to density functional theory (DFT) calculations that included van der Waals corrections within the Tkatchenko-Scheffler approach. Both 2H-P and Cu-P adsorb with their center above a surface bridge site. Consistency is obtained between the experimental and DFT-predicted structural models, with a characteristic change in the corrugation of the four N atoms of the molecule's macrocycle following metalation. Interestingly, comparison with previously published data for cobalt porphine adsorbed on the same surface evidences a distinct increase in the average height of the N atoms above the surface through the series 2H-P, Cu-P, and cobalt porphine. Such an increase strikingly anti-correlates the DFT-predicted adsorption strength, with 2H-P having the smallest adsorption height despite the weakest calculated adsorption energy. In addition, our findings suggest that for these macrocyclic compounds, substrate-to-molecule charge transfer and adsorption strength may not be univocally correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Duncan
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Casado Aguilar
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Paszkiewicz
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Diller
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Bondino
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Magnano
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Klappenberger
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - I Píš
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Rubio
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Pérez Paz
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - F Allegretti
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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24
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Michelitsch GS, Reuter K. Efficient simulation of near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) in density-functional theory: Comparison of core-level constraining approaches. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:074104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5083618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georg S. Michelitsch
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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25
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Lischka M, Dong R, Wang M, Martsinovich N, Fritton M, Grossmann L, Heckl WM, Feng X, Lackinger M. Competitive Metal Coordination of Hexaaminotriphenylene on Cu(111) by Intrinsic Copper Versus Extrinsic Nickel Adatoms. Chemistry 2019; 25:1975-1983. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lischka
- Department of PhysicsTechnische Universität München James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) and Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich (NIM) Schellingstrasse 4 80799 München Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Mingchao Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | | | - Massimo Fritton
- Department of PhysicsTechnische Universität München James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) and Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich (NIM) Schellingstrasse 4 80799 München Germany
| | - Lukas Grossmann
- Department of PhysicsTechnische Universität München James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) and Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich (NIM) Schellingstrasse 4 80799 München Germany
| | - Wolfgang M. Heckl
- Department of PhysicsTechnische Universität München James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) and Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich (NIM) Schellingstrasse 4 80799 München Germany
- Deutsches Museum Museumsinsel 1 80538 München Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Markus Lackinger
- Department of PhysicsTechnische Universität München James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) and Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich (NIM) Schellingstrasse 4 80799 München Germany
- Deutsches Museum Museumsinsel 1 80538 München Germany
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26
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Ciccullo F, Calzolari A, Bader K, Neugebauer P, Gallagher NM, Rajca A, van Slageren J, Casu MB. Interfacing a Potential Purely Organic Molecular Quantum Bit with a Real-Life Surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1571-1578. [PMID: 30520295 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
By using a multidisciplinary and multitechnique approach, we have addressed the issue of attaching a molecular quantum bit to a real surface. First, we demonstrate that an organic derivative of the pyrene-Blatter radical is a potential molecular quantum bit. Our study of the interface of the pyrene-Blatter radical with a copper-based surface reveals that the spin of the interface layer is not canceled by the interaction with the surface and that the Blatter radical is resistant in presence of molecular water. Although the measured pyrene-Blatter derivative quantum coherence time is not the highest value known, this molecule is known as a "super stable" radical. Conversely, other potential qubits show poor thin film stability upon air exposure. Therefore, we discuss strategies to make molecular systems candidates as qubits competitive, bridging the gap between potential and real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ciccullo
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Arrigo Calzolari
- CNR-NANO Istituto Nanoscienze , Centro S3 , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Katharina Bader
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Petr Neugebauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
- Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC BUT , Purkyňova 656/123 , 61600 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Nolan M Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Maria Benedetta Casu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
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27
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Hötger D, Abufager P, Morchutt C, Alexa P, Grumelli D, Dreiser J, Stepanow S, Gambardella P, Busnengo HF, Etzkorn M, Gutzler R, Kern K. On-surface transmetalation of metalloporphyrins. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21116-21122. [PMID: 30406233 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04786c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the complexity of 2D metal-organic networks has led to the fabrication of structures with interesting magnetic and catalytic properties. However, increasing complexity by providing different coordination environments for different metal types imposes limitations on their synthesis if the controlled placement of one metal type into one coordination environment is desired. Whereas metal insertion into free-base porphyrins at the vacuum/solid interface has been thoroughly studied, providing detailed insight into the mechanisms at play, the chemical interaction of a metal atom with a metallated porphyrin is rarely investigated. Herein, the breadth of metalation reactions is augmented towards the metal exchange of a metalloporphyrin through the deliberate addition of atomic metal centers. The cation of Fe(ii)-tetraphenylporphyrins can be replaced by Co in a redox transmetalation-like reaction on a Au(111) surface. Likewise, Cu can be replaced by Co. The reverse reaction does not occur, i.e. Fe does not replace Co in the porphyrin. This non-reversible exchange is investigated in detail by X-ray absorption spectroscopy complemented by scanning tunneling microscopy. Density functional theory illuminates possible reaction pathways and leads to the conclusion that the transmetalation proceeds through the adsorption of initially metallic (neutral) Co onto the porphyrin and the expulsion of Fe towards the surface accompanied by Co insertion. Our findings have important implications for the fabrication of porphyrin layers on surfaces when subject to the additional deposition of metals. Mixed-metal porphyrin layers can be fabricated by design in a solvent-free process, but conversely care must be taken that the transmetalation does not proceed as an undesired side reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hötger
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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28
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Zamborlini G, Jugovac M, Cossaro A, Verdini A, Floreano L, Lüftner D, Puschnig P, Feyer V, Schneider CM. On-surface nickel porphyrin mimics the reactive center of an enzyme cofactor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13423-13426. [PMID: 30427327 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06739b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Metal-containing enzyme cofactors achieve their unusual reactivity by stabilizing uncommon metal oxidation states with structurally complex ligands. In particular, the specific cofactor promoting both methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation is a porphyrinoid chelated to a nickel(i) atom via a multi-step biosynthetic path, where nickel reduction is achieved through extensive molecular hydrogenation. Here, we demonstrate an alternative route to porphyrin reduction by charge transfer from a selected copper substrate to commercially available 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-porphyrin nickel(ii). X-ray absorption measurements at the Ni L3-edge unequivocally show that NiTPP species adsorbed on Cu(100) are stabilized in the highly reactive Ni(i) oxidation state by electron transfer to the molecular orbitals. Our approach highlights how some fundamental properties of synthetically inaccessible biological cofactors may be reproduced by hybridization of simple metalloporphyrins with metal surfaces, with implications towards novel approaches to heterogenous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Zamborlini
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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29
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XPS Analysis of 2- and 3-Aminothiophenol Grafted on Silicon (111) Hydride Surfaces. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 23:molecules23102712. [PMID: 30347868 PMCID: PMC6222732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Following on from our previous study on the resonance/inductive structures of ethynylaniline, this report examines similar effects arising from resonance structures with aromatic aminothiophenol with dual electron-donating substituents. In brief, 2- and 3-aminothiophenol were thermally grafted on silicon (111) hydride substrate at 130 °C under nonpolar aprotic mesitylene. From the examination of high resolution XPS Si2p, N1s, and S2p spectrum, it was noticed that there was a strong preference of NH₂ over SH to form Si⁻N linkage on the silicon hydride surface for 2-aminothiophenol. However, for 3-aminothiophenol, there was a switch in reactivity of the silicon hydride toward SH group. This was attributed to the antagonistic and cooperative resonance effects for 2- and 3-aminothiophenol, respectively. The data strongly suggested that the net resonance of the benzylic-based compound could have played an important role in the net distribution of negative charge along the benzylic framework and subsequently influenced the outcome of the surface reaction. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this correlation between dual electron-donating substituents and the outcome of the nucleophilic addition toward silicon hydride surfaces has not been described before in literature.
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30
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Kuliga J, Zhang L, Lepper M, Lungerich D, Hölzel H, Jux N, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. Metalation and coordination reactions of 2H-meso-trans-di(p-cyanophenyl)porphyrin on Ag(111) with coadsorbed cobalt atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25062-25068. [PMID: 30250951 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05255g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the metalation and coordination reactions of Co with 2H-5,15-bis(para-cyanophenyl)-10,20-bisphenylporphyrin (2HtransDCNPP) on a Ag(111) surface by scanning tunneling microscopy. At room temperature (RT), 2HtransDCNPPs self-assemble into a supramolecular structure stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The metalation of 2HtransDCNPP is achieved either by depositing Co atoms onto the supramolecular structure at RT, or, alternatively, by depositing the molecules onto a submonolayer Co-precovered Ag(111) surface with a subsequent heating to 500 K. In addition, the molecules coordinate to Co atoms through the N atoms in the peripheral cyano groups with a preference of isolated 4-fold coordination motifs at RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kuliga
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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31
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Ruiz del Árbol N, Palacio I, Otero‐Irurueta G, Martínez JI, de Andrés PL, Stetsovych O, Moro‐Lagares M, Mutombo P, Svec M, Jelínek P, Cossaro A, Floreano L, Ellis GJ, López MF, Martín‐Gago JA. On-Surface Bottom-Up Synthesis of Azine Derivatives Displaying Strong Acceptor Behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8582-8586. [PMID: 29931817 PMCID: PMC6055674 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis is an emerging approach to obtain, in a single step, precisely defined chemical species that cannot be obtained by other synthetic routes. The control of the electronic structure of organic/metal interfaces is crucial for defining the performance of many optoelectronic devices. A facile on-surface chemistry route has now been used to synthesize the strong electron-acceptor organic molecule quinoneazine directly on a Cu(110) surface, via thermally activated covalent coupling of para-aminophenol precursors. The mechanism is described using a combination of in situ surface characterization techniques and theoretical methods. Owing to a strong surface-molecule interaction, the quinoneazine molecule accommodates 1.2 electrons at its carbonyl ends, inducing an intramolecular charge redistribution and leading to partial conjugation of the rings, conferring azo-character at the nitrogen sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Ruiz del Árbol
- ESISNA Group, Materials Science Factory.Institute of Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC)Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 328049MadridSpain
| | - Irene Palacio
- ESISNA Group, Materials Science Factory.Institute of Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC)Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 328049MadridSpain
| | - Gonzalo Otero‐Irurueta
- Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA)University of Aveiro3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - José I. Martínez
- ESISNA Group, Materials Science Factory.Institute of Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC)Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 328049MadridSpain
| | - Pedro L. de Andrés
- ESISNA Group, Materials Science Factory.Institute of Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC)Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 328049MadridSpain
| | - Oleksander Stetsovych
- Institute of PhysicsAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicCukrovarnicka 101862 53PragueCzech Republic
| | - María Moro‐Lagares
- Institute of PhysicsAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicCukrovarnicka 101862 53PragueCzech Republic
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of PhysicsAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicCukrovarnicka 101862 53PragueCzech Republic
| | - Martin Svec
- Institute of PhysicsAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicCukrovarnicka 101862 53PragueCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of PhysicsAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicCukrovarnicka 101862 53PragueCzech Republic
| | - Albano Cossaro
- Laboratorio TASC, CNR-IOMBasovizza SS-14, Km 163.534149TriesteItaly
| | - Luca Floreano
- Laboratorio TASC, CNR-IOMBasovizza SS-14, Km 163.534149TriesteItaly
| | - Gary J. Ellis
- Polymer Physics GroupInstitute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC)Juan de la Cierva 328006MadridSpain
| | - María F. López
- ESISNA Group, Materials Science Factory.Institute of Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC)Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 328049MadridSpain
| | - José A. Martín‐Gago
- ESISNA Group, Materials Science Factory.Institute of Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC)Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 328049MadridSpain
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32
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Ruiz del Árbol N, Palacio I, Otero‐Irurueta G, Martínez JI, de Andrés PL, Stetsovych O, Moro‐Lagares M, Mutombo P, Svec M, Jelínek P, Cossaro A, Floreano L, Ellis GJ, López MF, Martín‐Gago JA. On‐Surface Bottom‐Up Synthesis of Azine Derivatives Displaying Strong Acceptor Behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Ruiz del Árbol
- ESISNA Group, Materials Science Factory. Institute of Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Irene Palacio
- ESISNA Group, Materials Science Factory. Institute of Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Gonzalo Otero‐Irurueta
- Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA) University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - José I. Martínez
- ESISNA Group, Materials Science Factory. Institute of Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Pedro L. de Andrés
- ESISNA Group, Materials Science Factory. Institute of Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Oleksander Stetsovych
- Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Cukrovarnicka 10 1862 53 Prague Czech Republic
| | - María Moro‐Lagares
- Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Cukrovarnicka 10 1862 53 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Cukrovarnicka 10 1862 53 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Svec
- Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Cukrovarnicka 10 1862 53 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Cukrovarnicka 10 1862 53 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Albano Cossaro
- Laboratorio TASC, CNR-IOM Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Luca Floreano
- Laboratorio TASC, CNR-IOM Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Gary J. Ellis
- Polymer Physics Group Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC) Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - María F. López
- ESISNA Group, Materials Science Factory. Institute of Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José A. Martín‐Gago
- ESISNA Group, Materials Science Factory. Institute of Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
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33
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Lepper M, Köbl J, Zhang L, Meusel M, Hölzel H, Lungerich D, Jux N, de Siervo A, Meyer B, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. Controlling the Self-Metalation Rate of Tetraphenylporphyrins on Cu(111) via Cyano Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10074-10079. [PMID: 29714820 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reaction rate of the self-metalation of free-base tetraphenylporphyrins (TPPs) on Cu(111) increases with the number of cyano groups (n=0, 1, 2, 4) attached at the para positions of the phenyl rings. The findings are based on isothermal scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements. At room temperature, all investigated free-base TPP derivatives adsorb as individual molecules and are aligned with respect to densely packed Cu substrate rows. Annealing at 400 K leads to the formation of linear dimers and/or multimers via CN-Cu-CN bonds, accompanied by self-metalation of the free-base porphyrins following a first-order rate equation. When comparing the non-cyano-functionalized and the tetracyano-functionalized molecules, we find a decrease of the reaction rate by a factor of more than 20, corresponding to an increase of the activation energy from 1.48 to 1.59 eV. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations give insights into the influence of the peripheral electron-withdrawing cyano groups and explain the experimentally observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lepper
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Julia Köbl
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Liang Zhang
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Meusel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Helen Hölzel
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Abner de Siervo
- Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.,Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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34
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Lepper M, Köbl J, Zhang L, Meusel M, Hölzel H, Lungerich D, Jux N, de Siervo A, Meyer B, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. Kontrolle der Selbstmetallierungsrate von Tetraphenylporphyrinen auf Cu(111) durch Funktionalisierung mit Cyangruppen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lepper
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Deutschland
| | - Julia Köbl
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Deutschland
| | - Liang Zhang
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Deutschland
| | - Manuel Meusel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Deutschland
| | - Helen Hölzel
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Deutschland
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Deutschland
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Deutschland
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Deutschland
| | - Norbert Jux
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Deutschland
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Deutschland
| | - Abner de Siervo
- Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasilien
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Deutschland
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum (CCC); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Deutschland
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Deutschland
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Deutschland
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35
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Aldahhak H, Paszkiewicz M, Rauls E, Allegretti F, Tebi S, Papageorgiou AC, Zhang YQ, Zhang L, Lin T, Paintner T, Koch R, Schmidt WG, Barth JV, Schöfberger W, Müllegger S, Klappenberger F, Gerstmann U. Identifying On-Surface Site-Selective Chemical Conversions by Theory-Aided NEXAFS Spectroscopy: The Case of Free-Base Corroles on Ag(111). Chemistry 2018; 24:6787-6797. [PMID: 29493819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate here that theory-assisted near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy enables the site-sensitive monitoring of on-surface chemical reactions, thus, providing information not accessible by other techniques. As a prototype example, we have used free-base 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corroles (3H-TpFPC) adsorbed on Ag(111) and present a detailed investigation of the angle-dependent NEXAFS of this molecular species as well as of their thermally induced derivatives. For this, we have recorded experimental C and N K-edge NEXAFS spectra and interpret them based on XAS cross-section calculations by using a continuous fraction approach and core-hole including multiprojector PAW pseudopotentials within DFT. We have characterized the as-deposited low temperature (200 K) phase and unraveled the subsequent changes induced by dehydrogenation (at 330 K) and ring-closure reactions (at 430 K). By exemplarily obtaining profound insight into the on-surface chemistry of free-base corrolic species adsorbed on a noble metal this work highlights how angle-dependent XAS combined with accurate theoretical modeling can serve for the investigation of on-surface reactions, whereby even highly similar molecular structures, such as tautomers and isomers, can be distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Aldahhak
- Department of Physics, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33095, Paderborn, Germany
| | - M Paszkiewicz
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - E Rauls
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - F Allegretti
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - S Tebi
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - A C Papageorgiou
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Y-Q Zhang
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - L Zhang
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - T Lin
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - T Paintner
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - R Koch
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - W G Schmidt
- Department of Physics, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33095, Paderborn, Germany
| | - J V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - W Schöfberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - S Müllegger
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - F Klappenberger
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - U Gerstmann
- Department of Physics, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33095, Paderborn, Germany
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36
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Ducke J, Riss A, Pérez Paz A, Seufert K, Schwarz M, Garnica M, Rubio A, Auwärter W. Layered Insulator/Molecule/Metal Heterostructures with Molecular Functionality through Porphyrin Intercalation. ACS NANO 2018; 12:2677-2684. [PMID: 29498827 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Intercalation of molecules into layered materials is actively researched in materials science, chemistry, and nanotechnology, holding promise for the synthesis of van der Waals heterostructures and encapsulated nanoreactors. However, the intercalation of organic molecules that exhibit physical or chemical functionality remains a key challenge to date. In this work, we present the synthesis of heterostructures consisting of porphines sandwiched between a Cu(111) substrate and an insulating hexagonal boron nitride ( h-BN) monolayer. We investigated the energetics of the intercalation, as well as the influence of the capping h-BN layer on the behavior of the intercalated molecules using scanning probe microscopy and density functional theory calculations. While the self-assembly of the molecules is altered upon intercalation, we show that the intrinsic functionalities, such as switching between different porphine tautomers, are preserved. Such insulator/molecule/metal structures provide opportunities to protect organic materials from deleterious effects of atmospheric environment, can be used to control chemical reactions through spatial confinement, and give access to layered materials based on the ample availability of synthesis protocols provided by organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Ducke
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Alexander Riss
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Alejandro Pérez Paz
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF , Universidad del País Vasco , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology , Yachay Tech University , Urcuquí 100119 , Ecuador
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Martin Schwarz
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Manuela Garnica
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF , Universidad del País Vasco , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science & Department of Physics , University of Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
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37
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Sarasola A, Abadía M, Rogero C, Garcia-Lekue A. Theoretical Insights into Unexpected Molecular Core Level Shifts: Chemical and Surface Effects. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5718-5724. [PMID: 29110481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A set of density-functional theory based tools is employed to elucidate the influence of chemical and surface-induced changes on the core level shifts of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. The capabilities of our tools are demonstrated by analyzing the origin of an unpredicted component in the N 1s core level spectra of metal phthalocyanine molecules (in particular ZnPc) adsorbed on Cu(110). We address surface induced effects, such as splitting of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital or local electrostatic effects, demonstrating that these cannot account for the huge core level shift measured experimentally. Our calculations also show that, when adsorbed at low temperatures, these molecules might capture hydrogen atoms from the surface, giving rise to hydrogenated molecular species and, consequently, to an extra component in the molecular core level spectra. Only upon annealing, and subsequent hydrogen release, would the molecules recover their nominal structural and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sarasola
- Departamento de Física Aplicada I, UPV/EHU , Plaza Europa 1, E-20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Abadía
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - C Rogero
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011, Bilbao, Spain
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38
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Tung J, Ching JY, Ng YM, Tew LS, Khung YL. Grafting of Ring-Opened Cyclopropylamine Thin Films on Silicon (100) Hydride via UV Photoionization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31083-31094. [PMID: 28832115 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The grafting of cyclopropylamine onto a silicon (100) hydride (Si-H) surface via a ring-opening mechanism using UV photoionization is described here. In brief, radicals generated from the Si-H surface upon UV irradiation were found to behave in classical hydrogen abstraction theory manner by which the distal amine group was first hydrogen abstracted and the radical propagated down to the cyclopropane moiety. This subsequently liberated the strained bonds of the cyclopropane group and initiated the surface grafting process, producing a thin film approximately 10-15 nm in height. Contact angle measurements also showed that such photoionization irradiation had yielded an extremely hydrophilic surface (∼21.3°) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy also confirmed the coupling was through the Si-C linkage. However, when the surface underwent high-temperature hydrosilylation (>160 °C), the reaction proceeded predominantly through the nucleophilic NH2 group to form a Si-N linkage to the surface. This rendered the surface hydrophobic and hence suggested that the Si-H homolysis model may not be the main process. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first attempt reported in the literature to use photoionization to directly graft cyclopropylamine onto a silicon surface and in due course generate a highly rich NH-terminated surface that was found to be highly bioactive in promoting cell viability on the basis of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tung
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - J Y Ching
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University , No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Y M Ng
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia , 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - L S Tew
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia , 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Y L Khung
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University , No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, Republic of China
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39
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Multi-orbital charge transfer at highly oriented organic/metal interfaces. Nat Commun 2017; 8:335. [PMID: 28839127 PMCID: PMC5570996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecule-substrate interaction plays a key role in charge injection organic-based devices. Charge transfer at molecule-metal interfaces strongly affects the overall physical and magnetic properties of the system, and ultimately the device performance. Here, we report theoretical and experimental evidence of a pronounced charge transfer involving nickel tetraphenyl porphyrin molecules adsorbed on Cu(100). The exceptional charge transfer leads to filling of the higher unoccupied orbitals up to LUMO+3. As a consequence of this strong interaction with the substrate, the porphyrin's macrocycle sits very close to the surface, forcing the phenyl ligands to bend upwards. Due to this adsorption configuration, scanning tunneling microscopy cannot reliably probe the states related to the macrocycle. We demonstrate that photoemission tomography can instead access the Ni-TPP macrocycle electronic states and determine the reordering and filling of the LUMOs upon adsorption, thereby confirming the remarkable charge transfer predicted by density functional theory calculations.Charge transfer at molecule-metal interfaces affects the overall physical and magnetic properties of organic-based devices, and ultimately their performance. Here, the authors report evidence of a pronounced charge transfer involving nickel tetraphenyl porphyrin molecules adsorbed on copper.
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40
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Chen J, Luo Z, Fu H, Yao J. Photoreactions of Porphyrins Initiated by Deep Ultraviolet Single Photons. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4626-4632. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b03635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory
for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable species, and Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- State Key Laboratory
for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable species, and Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- State Key Laboratory
for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable species, and Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- State Key Laboratory
for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable species, and Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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41
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Diller K, Maurer RJ, Müller M, Reuter K. Interpretation of x-ray absorption spectroscopy in the presence of surface hybridization. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:214701. [PMID: 28576083 PMCID: PMC5453787 DOI: 10.1063/1.4984072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) yields direct access to the electronic and geometric structure of hybrid inorganic-organic interfaces formed upon adsorption of complex molecules at metal surfaces. The unambiguous interpretation of corresponding spectra is challenged by the intrinsic geometric flexibility of the adsorbates and the chemical interactions with the interface. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations of the extended adsorbate-substrate system are an established tool to guide peak assignment in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of complex interfaces. We extend this to the simulation and interpretation of XAS data in the context of functional organic molecules on metal surfaces using dispersion-corrected DFT calculations within the transition potential approach. For the prototypical case of 2H-porphine adsorbed on Ag(111) and Cu(111) substrates, we follow the two main effects of the molecule/surface interaction onto the X-ray absorption signatures: (1) the substrate-induced chemical shift of the 1s core levels that dominates in physisorbed systems and (2) the hybridization-induced broadening and loss of distinct resonances that dominate in more chemisorbed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Diller
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Reinhard J Maurer
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Moritz Müller
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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42
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Zhang L, Lepper M, Stark M, Menzel T, Lungerich D, Jux N, Hieringer W, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. On the critical role of the substrate: the adsorption behaviour of tetrabenzoporphyrins on different metal surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20281-20289. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03731g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2HTPTBPs assemble into different supramolecular structures on different metal surfaces due to different molecule–substrate (molecule) interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Michael Lepper
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Michael Stark
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Teresa Menzel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Norbert Jux
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Wolfgang Hieringer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
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43
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Shen K, Narsu B, Ji G, Sun H, Hu J, Liang Z, Gao X, Li H, Li Z, Song B, Jiang Z, Huang H, Wells J, Song F. On-surface manipulation of atom substitution between cobalt phthalocyanine and the Cu(111) substrate. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00636e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An on-surface atom substation has been manipulated by thermal annealing which transmetalizes CoPc to CuPc for various applications.
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44
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Lepper M, Köbl J, Schmitt T, Gurrath M, de Siervo A, Schneider MA, Steinrück HP, Meyer B, Marbach H, Hieringer W. “Inverted” porphyrins: a distorted adsorption geometry of free-base porphyrins on Cu(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:8207-8210. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Peculiar “inverted” intramolecular conformation of a free-base porphyrin due to specific attractive molecule–substrate interaction.
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45
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Albrecht F, Bischoff F, Auwärter W, Barth JV, Repp J. Direct Identification and Determination of Conformational Response in Adsorbed Individual Nonplanar Molecular Species Using Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7703-7709. [PMID: 27779886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years atomic force microscopy (AFM) at highest resolution was widely applied to mostly planar molecules, while its application toward exploring species with structural flexibility and a distinct 3D character remains a challenge. Herein, the scope of noncontact AFM is widened by investigating subtle conformational differences occurring in the well-studied reference systems 2H-TPP and Cu-TPP on Cu(111). Different saddle-shape conformations of both species can be recognized in conventional constant-height AFM images. To unambiguously identify the behavior of specific molecular moieties, we extend data acquisition to distances that are inaccessible with constant-height measurements by introducing vertical imaging, that is, AFM mapping in a plane perpendicular to the sample surface. Making use of this novel technique the vertical displacement of the central Cu atom upon tip-induced conformational switching of Cu-TPP is quantified. Further, for 2H-TPP two drastically different geometries are observed, which are systematically characterized. Our results underscore the importance of structural flexibility in adsorbed molecules with large conformational variability and, consequently, the objective to characterize their geometry at the single-molecule level in real space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Albrecht
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix Bischoff
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jascha Repp
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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46
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Li J, Wäckerlin C, Schnidrig S, Joliat E, Alberto R, Ernst KH. On-Surface Metalation and 2D Self-Assembly of Pyrphyrin Molecules Into Metal-Coordinated Networks on Cu(111). Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201600278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Stephan Schnidrig
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Evelyne Joliat
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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47
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Köbl J, Wang T, Wang C, Drost M, Tu F, Xu Q, Ju H, Wechsler D, Franke M, Pan H, Marbach H, Steinrück HP, Zhu J, Lytken O. Hungry Porphyrins: Protonation and Self-Metalation of Tetraphenylporphyrin on TiO2(110) - 1 × 1. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Köbl
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3, D- 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory; University of Science and Technology of China; 42 S Hezuohua Road Hefei 230029 China
| | - Cici Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory; University of Science and Technology of China; 42 S Hezuohua Road Hefei 230029 China
| | - Martin Drost
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3, D- 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Fan Tu
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3, D- 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory; University of Science and Technology of China; 42 S Hezuohua Road Hefei 230029 China
| | - Huanxin Ju
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory; University of Science and Technology of China; 42 S Hezuohua Road Hefei 230029 China
| | - Daniel Wechsler
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3, D- 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Matthias Franke
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3, D- 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Haibin Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory; University of Science and Technology of China; 42 S Hezuohua Road Hefei 230029 China
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3, D- 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3, D- 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory; University of Science and Technology of China; 42 S Hezuohua Road Hefei 230029 China
| | - Ole Lytken
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3, D- 91058 Erlangen Germany
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48
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Verdini A, Shinde P, Montanari GL, Suran-Brunelli ST, Caputo M, Di Santo G, Pignedoli CA, Floreano L, Passerone D, Goldoni A. Water Formation for the Metalation of Porphyrin Molecules on Oxidized Cu(111). Chemistry 2016; 22:14672-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Verdini
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR; Laboratorio TASC; s.s. 14 km 163.5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Prashant Shinde
- Empa; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Nanotech@surfaces Laboratory; Ueberlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Gian Luca Montanari
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Università di Trieste; via A. Valerio 2 34100 Trieste Italy
| | | | - Marco Caputo
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides; CNRS-UMR 8502; Universitè Paris-Sud; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Giovanni Di Santo
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste; s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Carlo A. Pignedoli
- Empa; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Nanotech@surfaces Laboratory; Ueberlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Luca Floreano
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR; Laboratorio TASC; s.s. 14 km 163.5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Daniele Passerone
- Empa; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Nanotech@surfaces Laboratory; Ueberlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Andrea Goldoni
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste; s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste Italy
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49
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Diller K, Papageorgiou AC, Klappenberger F, Allegretti F, Barth JV, Auwärter W. In vacuo interfacial tetrapyrrole metallation. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1629-56. [PMID: 26781034 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00207a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The metallation of tetrapyrroles at well-defined surfaces under ultra-high vacuum conditions represents an unconventional synthesis approach to achieve tetrapyrrole-based metal-organic complexes and architectures. Different protocols, pioneered over the last decade, and now widely applied in several fields, provide an elegant route to metallo-tetrapyrrole systems often elusive to conventional procedures and give access and exquisite insight into on-surface tetrapyrrole chemistry. As highlighted by the functionality of metallo-porphyrins in biological or other environments and by the eminent role of metallo-phthalocyanines in synthetic materials, the control on the metal centres incorporated into the macrocycle is of utmost importance to achieve tailored properties in tetrapyrrole-based nanosystems. In the on-surface scenario, precise metallation pathways were developed, including reactions of tetrapyrroles with metals supplied by physical vapour deposition, chemical vapour deposition or the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope, and self-metallation by atoms of an underlying support. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of in vacuo tetrapyrrole metallation, addressing two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional systems. Furthermore, we comparatively assess the available library of on-surface metallation protocols and elaborate on the state-of-the-art methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Diller
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München (TUM), James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany. and Institute of Condensed Matter Physics (ICMP), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Anthoula C Papageorgiou
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München (TUM), James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Florian Klappenberger
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München (TUM), James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München (TUM), James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München (TUM), James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München (TUM), James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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50
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Franke M, Marchini F, Jux N, Steinrück HP, Lytken O, Williams FJ. Zinc Porphyrin Metal-Center Exchange at the Solid-Liquid Interface. Chemistry 2016; 22:8520-4. [PMID: 27166595 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Demetalation of zinc 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) under acidic conditions and ion exchange with Cu(2+) ions at neutral pH are both rapid reactions in the liquid medium. However, for ZnTPP monolayers adsorbed on a Au(111) surface exposed to aqueous solution, we find that, although ion exchange takes place rapidly as expected, demetalation does not occur, even at pH values as low as 0. Based on this, we conclude that metal center exchange on the surface does not proceed through a free-base porphyrin as an intermediate. Furthermore, once formed, CuTPP is stable on the surface and the reverse exchange from CuTPP to ZnTPP in the presence of Zn(2+) ions could not be achieved. The preference for copper is so strong that even an attempt to exchange adsorbed ZnTPP with Ni(2+) ions in the presence of traces of Cu(2+) yielded CuTPP rather than NiTPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Franke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florencia Marchini
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norbert Jux
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ole Lytken
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Federico J Williams
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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