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Telloli C, Cicconi F, Manzi E, Borgognoni F, Salvi S, Iapalucci MC, Rizzo A. Multi-elemental analysis of commercial wheat flours by ICP-MS triple quadrupole in function of the milling degree. Food Chem 2024; 450:139370. [PMID: 38688227 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This preliminary study is focused on an elemental analysis of 60 samples of different commercial grains' flour, including various typologies of refined product, researching transition metals and trace elements. All the samples were first digested with a microwave digestion system and then analyzed by a triple quadrupole (TQ) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS-QQQ) located in a Clean Room ISO class 6. The minimum value of most of the elements (Li, Be, Na, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr) are in the wheat flour "00" type and in the wheat flour "0" type (B, Na, Mg, Al, Cu, Ag, Cd, In, Cs, Pb, Bi). On the opposite, the maximum value of these elements is found in whole wheat flour (B, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Ba) and in the wheat flour "0" type (Na, Al, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, As). Relating rare-earth elements (REE), all of them show value similar to each other and not under the detection limits thanks to the use of a TQ in the clean room. The final aim is to create a large database, with a high data bank and easily enlargeable, that could be used in future to analyze unknown flour samples and to set up traceability analysis. The purpose of this work is to find some trends of analyzed elements in function of different parameters, such as milling degree or geographical origin, also with a statistical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Telloli
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Nuclear Safety, Security and Sustainability Division, via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Flavio Cicconi
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Nuclear Safety, Security and Sustainability Division, via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Manzi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Borgognoni
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Nuclear Safety, Security and Sustainability Division, via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvi
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Nuclear Safety, Security and Sustainability Division, via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Rizzo
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Nuclear Safety, Security and Sustainability Division, via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Ofori-Agyemang F, Burges A, Waterlot C, Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui A, Tisserant B, Mench M, Oustrière N. Phytomanagement of a metal-contaminated agricultural soil with Sorghum bicolor, humic / fulvic acids and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi near the former Pb/Zn metaleurop Nord smelter. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142624. [PMID: 38889872 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
As many contaminated agricultural soils can no longer be used for food crops, lignocellulosic energy crops matter due to their ability to grow on such soils and to produce biomass for biosourced materials and biofuels, thereby reducing the pressure on the limited arable lands. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, can potentially produce a high biomass suitable for producing bioethanol, renewable gasoline, diesel, and sustainable aircraft fuel, despite adverse environmental conditions (e.g. drought, contaminated soils). A 2-year field trial was carried out for the first time in the northern France for assessing sorghum growth on a Cd, Pb and Zn-contaminated agricultural soil amended with humic/fulvic acid, alone and paired with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Sorghum produced on average (in t DW ha-1): 12.4 in year 1 despite experiencing a severe drought season and 15.3 in year 2. Humic/fulvic acids (Lonite 80SP®) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi did not significantly act as biostimulants regarding the shoot DW yield and metal uptake of sorghum. The annual shoot Cd, Pb and Zn removals averaged 0.14, 0.20 and 1.97 kg ha-1, respectively. Sorghum cultivation and its metal uptake induced a significant decrease in 0.01 M Ca(NO3)2-extractable soil Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations by 95%, 73% and 95%, respectively, in year 2. Soluble and exchangeable soil Cd, Pb and Zn would be progressively depleted in subsequent crops, which should result in lower pollutant linkages and enhanced ecosystem services. This evidenced sorghum as a relevant plant species for phytomanaging the large area (750 ha) with metal-contaminated soil near the former Pb/Zn Metaleurop Nord smelter, amidst ongoing climate change. The potential bioethanol yield of the harvested sorghum biomass was 5589 L ha-1. Thus sorghum would be a promising candidate for bioethanol production, even in this northern French region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ofori-Agyemang
- Univ. Lille, IMT Nord-Europe, Univ. Artois, JUNIA, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Aritz Burges
- Univ. Lille, IMT Nord-Europe, Univ. Artois, JUNIA, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Univ. Lille, IMT Nord-Europe, Univ. Artois, JUNIA, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV-UR 4492), Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, CS 80699, 62228 Calais, France.
| | - Benoît Tisserant
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV-UR 4492), Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, CS 80699, 62228 Calais, France.
| | - Michel Mench
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Nadège Oustrière
- Univ. Lille, IMT Nord-Europe, Univ. Artois, JUNIA, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Vorobeichik EL, Korkina IN. A bizarre layer cake: Why soil animals recolonizing polluted areas shape atypical humus forms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166810. [PMID: 37689209 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
During soil recolonization by macrofauna in areas previously defaunated by industrial pollution, non-typical humus forms are produced. Given that the evidence of zoogenic activity cessation with increased forest litter depth in these humus forms, we tested the hypothesis that the lower organic layers are more toxic than the upper ones. The studies were conducted in the southern taiga, near the Middle Ural Copper Smelter (Revda city, Russia), in spruce-fir and birch forests. We investigated the series of degraded humus forms at different recovery stages, including those without signs of regradation, as well as at the initial and advanced recovery stages. In the organic layers, each of which were 1-2 cm thick and 6-8 cm in total, we measured the following parameters: pH(water), total acidity, the content of exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+, acid-soluble and exchangeable metals (Cu, Pb, Fe, Cd, and Zn), organic carbon, and total nitrogen. Simultaneously, we diagnosed the degree of zoogenicity of the organic layers following the European morpho-functional classification of humus forms. Concentrations of the metals increased with forest litter depth, reaching a maximum at the boundary between the organic and organic-mineral horizons (the difference exceeded an order of magnitude). In the same direction, the acidity increased, but the saturation of the exchange complex with Ca2+ and Mg2+ decreased. Within a particular forest litter profile, metal concentrations and acidity were lower in the layer with the highest zoogenicity compared to the layer with the lowest zoogenicity. Based on the metals, pH(water), and exchange complex, the accuracy of the predictions of the degree of layer zoogenicity within the OF horizon in the discriminant analysis reached 100 %. These findings suggest that the vertical gradient of toxic burden persisting in the forest litter after pollution cessation can explain the recovery pattern of humus forms in the contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii L Vorobeichik
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta Str. 202, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Irina N Korkina
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta Str. 202, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia.
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Lestiani DD, Syahfitri WYN, Adventini N, Kurniawati S, Damastuti E, Santoso M, Biswas B, Mukhtar R. Impacts of a lead smelter in East Java, Indonesia: degree of contamination, spatial distribution, ecological risk, and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soils. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1165. [PMID: 37676510 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the characteristics of potentially toxic elements in soils collected from the vicinity of a lead smelter in East Java, Indonesia. The objective is to assess the impact of the lead smelter on the surrounding soil. The study involves chemical composition analysis, spatial distribution mapping, and potential ecological and health risk assessments. Soil samples were collected from the surface area (0-10 cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm) within radii of 1.5 km, 3 km, and 5 km from the lead smelter. The samples were analyzed for As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify the sources of potentially toxic elements in the soil. The results indicate severe Pb contamination within a 1.5 km radius of the smelter, with an average contamination factor (Cf) value of 22.0, posing a high potential health risk. The contamination factor indicated that the soils were heavily polluted by As and Pb and moderately polluted by Cu, Ni, and Zn. The results of PCA showed that smelter releases are the main source of potentially toxic element contamination in the soil, accounting for 66.2%. The health risk assessment suggested that the children and adults in the study region were exposed to non-carcinogenic risks caused by As and Pb. Oral ingestion was identified as the primary exposure route impacting health risks. The carcinogenic risk from potentially toxic elements in soil was found to exceed the acceptable level for children and adults in the study region. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to take effective measures, including designing regulations and interventions, and improving lead smelter management to mitigate potential contamination and minimize the impact of lead smelter releases on the surrounding environment, especially to protect human health, particularly that of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diah Dwiana Lestiani
- Research Center for Radiation Detection and Nuclear Analysis Technology-Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jln Tamansari 71, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Woro Yatu Niken Syahfitri
- Research Center for Radiation Detection and Nuclear Analysis Technology-Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jln Tamansari 71, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Natalia Adventini
- Research Center for Radiation Detection and Nuclear Analysis Technology-Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jln Tamansari 71, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Syukria Kurniawati
- Research Center for Radiation Detection and Nuclear Analysis Technology-Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jln Tamansari 71, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Endah Damastuti
- Research Center for Radiation Detection and Nuclear Analysis Technology-Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jln Tamansari 71, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Muhayatun Santoso
- Research Center for Radiation Detection and Nuclear Analysis Technology-Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jln Tamansari 71, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Biplab Biswas
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
| | - Rita Mukhtar
- Center for Standardization of Environmental Quality Instrument, Agency for Standardization of Environmental and Forestry Instrumentation, Ministry of Environmental and Forestry, Kawasan Puspiptek, Serpong, Indonesia
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El Youssfi M, Sifou A, Ben Aakame R, Mahnine N, Arsalane S, Halim M, Laghzizil A, Zinedine A. Trace elements in Foodstuffs from the Mediterranean Basin-Occurrence, Risk Assessment, Regulations, and Prevention strategies: A review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2597-2626. [PMID: 35754061 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) are chemical compounds that naturally occur in the earth's crust and in living organisms at low concentrations. Anthropogenic activities can significantly increase the level of TEs in the environment and finally enter the food chain. Toxic TEs like cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury have no positive role in a biological system and can cause harmful effects on human health. Ingestion of contaminated food is a typical route of TEs intake by humans. Recent data about the occurrence of TEs in food available in the Mediterranean countries are considered in this review. Analytical methods are also discussed. Furthermore, a discussion of existing international agency regulations will be given. The risk associated with the dietary intake of TEs was estimated by considering consumer exposure and threshold values such as Benchmark dose lower confidence limit and provisional tolerable weekly intake established by the European Food Safety Authority and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, respectively. Finally, several remediation approaches to minimize TE contamination in foodstuffs were discussed including chemical, biological, biotechnological, and nanotechnological methods. The results of this study proved the occurrence of TEs contamination at high levels in vegetables and fish from some Mediterranean countries. Lead and cadmium are more abundant in foodstuffs than other toxic trace elements. Geographical variations in TE contamination of food crops clearly appear, with a greater risk in developing countries. There is still a need for the regular monitoring of these toxic element levels in food items to ensure consumer protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad El Youssfi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta BP.1014 Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aicha Sifou
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Ben Aakame
- Laboratory of Food Toxicology, National Institute of Hygiene (INH), BP 769 Agdal, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naima Mahnine
- Laboratory of Food Toxicology, National Institute of Hygiene (INH), BP 769 Agdal, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Said Arsalane
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Halim
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Laghzizil
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta BP.1014 Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Zinedine
- BIOMARE Laboratory, Chouaib Doukkali University, Faculty of Sciences, Route Ben Maachou, PO Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco.
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Ma C, Liu F, Yang J, Liu N, Zhang K, Berrettoni M, Zhang H. The newly absorbed atmospheric lead by wheat spike during filling stage is the primary reason for grain lead pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161965. [PMID: 36737026 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wheat spikes could directly absorb lead (Pb) from atmospheric depositions. However, the mechanism by which the spikes contribute to Pb accumulation in the grain remains unclear. To investigate this mechanism, a field experiment was conducted using three comparative spikes shading treatments: 1) exposed to atmospheric deposition and light (CK), 2) non-exposed to atmospheric deposition and light (T1), and 3) non-exposed to atmospheric deposition but light-transmitting (T2). Spikes shading treatments reduced the average rate and peak value of the accumulation of Pb in grains, which significantly decreased the grain Pb concentration by 57.44 % and 50.26 % in T1 and T2 treatments, respectively. Moreover, Pb isotopic analysis shows that the Pb in spike and grain was mainly from atmospheric deposition, and the percentage of the grain Pb originated from atmospheric Pb decreased from 85.98 % in CK to 72.87 % and 79.59 % in T1 and T2, respectively. In addition, the spikes, rather than the leaves/roots, were the largest wheat tissue source of Pb in grains, and the relative contribution of spikes to grain Pb accumulation increased to 65.57 % at the maturity stage, of which the stored Pb re-translocation of spikes and the newly absorbed Pb by spikes during the filling stage contributed 13.37 % and 52.20 % to the grain Pb, respectively. Thus, the contribution of the spike to the grain Pb was mainly from the newly absorbed Pb from the atmospheric deposition during the grain filling phase, and grain filling phase is the key stage for the absorption of Pb by the grain. In brief, the newly absorbed atmospheric Pb by wheat spike during filling stage is the primary cause of grain Pb contamination, which provided a new insight for effective control of wheat Pb pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Fuyong Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China; Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Camerino, School of Science and Technology, ChIP, via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Nan Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Mario Berrettoni
- University of Camerino, School of Science and Technology, ChIP, via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China.
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Li L, Liu Y, Ippolito JA, Xing W, Zuo Q, Wang F. Fermentation affects heavy metal bioaccessibility in Chinese mantou. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:59013-59026. [PMID: 37000393 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Effect of different fermentation methods on heavy metal bioaccessibilities in wheat flour is undetermined. In this work, gastric and gastrointestinal heavy metal bioaccessibility in wheat flour products (control-wheat dough, T1-mantou made with normally fermented dough, T2-mantou made with over-fermented dough and T3-mantou made with over-fermented dough + Na2CO3) made from two wheat flour samples (NX and QD) was assessed via a modified physiologically-based extraction test. Cadmium, Zn and Mn bioaccessibility in the gastric phase (GP) was greater than in the gastrointestinal phase (GIP), yet the opposite was observed for Cu (p < 0.05). Lead bioaccessibility in the GIP of the QD sample was 1.37-4.08 times greater than that in the GP, while only the control had greater bioaccessibility in the GIP than that in the GP (p < 0.05) for the NX sample. Treatments T2 and T3 had greater Cd, Cu, Zn and Mn bioaccessibilities than the control and T1 in the GP (p < 0.05). In the GIP, however, only T3 had greater Mn bioaccessibility than the control for the NX sample. Enhanced degradation of the heavy metal-phytate following over-fermentation may have led to greater heavy metal bioaccessibility. Results should help food processors reduce human absorption of excessive heavy metals present in wheat flour foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Yanqing Liu
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - James A Ippolito
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1170, USA
| | - Weiqin Xing
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Qian Zuo
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Fayuan Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China
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Augustsson A, Lundgren M, Qvarforth A, Hough R, Engström E, Paulukat C, Rodushkin I. Managing health risks in urban agriculture: The effect of vegetable washing for reducing exposure to metal contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160996. [PMID: 36539086 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A common, yet poorly evaluated, advice to remove contaminants from urban vegetables is to wash the produce before consumption. This study is based on 63 samples of chard, kale, lettuce and parsley that have grown near a heavily trafficked road in the third largest city in Sweden, with one portion of each sample being analysed without first being washed, and the other portion being subjected to common household washing. Concentrations of 71 elements were analysed by ICP-SFMS after a sample digestion that dissolves both the plant tissues and all potentially adhering particles. The results show that the washing effect, or the fraction removed upon washing, varies significantly between elements: from approximately 0 % for K to 68 % for the ∑REEs. Considering traditional metal contaminants, the efficiency decreased from Pb (on average 56 % lost) to Co (56 %) > Cr (55 %) > As (45 %) > Sb (35 %) > Ni (33 %) > Cu (13 %) > Zn (7 %) > Cd (7 %), and Ba (5 %). A clear negative correlation between the washing effect and the different elements' bioconcentration factors shows that the elements' accessibility for plant uptake is a key controlling factor for the degree to which they are removed upon washing. Based on the average washing efficiencies seen in this study, the average daily intake of Pb would increase by 130 % if vegetables are not washed prior to consumption. For the other contaminant metals this increase corresponds to 126 % (Co), 121 % (Cr), 82 % (As), 55 % (Sb), 50 % (Ni), 16 % (Cu), 8 % (Zn), 7 % (Cd) and 5 % (Ba). The advice to wash vegetables is therefore, for many elements, highly motivated for reducing exposure and health risks. For elements which are only slightly reduced when the vegetables are washed, however, advising should rather focus on reducing levels of contamination in the soil itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Augustsson
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Maria Lundgren
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Anna Qvarforth
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Rupert Hough
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Emma Engström
- Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; ALS Laboratory Group, ALS Scandinavia AB, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Cora Paulukat
- Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ilia Rodushkin
- Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; ALS Laboratory Group, ALS Scandinavia AB, Luleå, Sweden
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Tittlemier SA, Richter A. Cadmium concentrations in Canadian durum exports decreased with the adoption of low accumulating cultivars. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1953-1962. [PMID: 36223513 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2130441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) was measured in bulk exports of Canada Western Amber Durum collected from 1992-1993 to 2019-2020 shipping years. Cd concentrations decreased by more than a factor of two over this period, from the highest annual median concentration of 0.160 mg/kg in 2003-2004 to the most recent annual median of 0.070 mg/kg for 2019-2020. Over the same time period there was no trend in Cd concentrations in bulk exports of Canada Western Red Spring wheat. The decrease in durum Cd concentrations was correlated with the decrease in production of high Cd accumulating cultivars, demonstrating the success of the Canadian breeding programme at developing low Cd accumulating cultivars, the registration system and producer support in reducing the Cd content of Canada Western Amber Durum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl A Tittlemier
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Government of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Anja Richter
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Government of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
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Qiao Y, Hou H, Chen L, Wang H, Jeyakumar P, Lu Y, Cao L, Zhao L, Han D. Comparison of Pb and Cd in wheat grains under air-soil-wheat system near lead-zinc smelters and total suspended particulate introduced modeling attempt. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156290. [PMID: 35644402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The excessive accumulation of wheat grain metals and metalloids caused by ambient air contamination has drawn an increasing concern. However, at present, the differences in the pathways of cadmium and lead accumulation in wheat grains in an air-soil-wheat system are not clear. In this study, wheat was grown around a lead‑zinc smelting area and exposed to different soil Pb and Cd levels and different ambient air Pb and Cd levels. Lead and Cd accumulation in wheat grains was examined in this study. Two models of wheat grain Pb and Cd concentrations were established based on the 3 variables including soil Pb and Cd concentration, ambient air Pb and Cd concentration, and soil pH. The results showed that total suspended particulate (TSP), soil, and wheat grains exhibited different degrees of Pb and Cd contamination in the study area, and the contamination of Cd is more serious than Pb contamination. The Pb in wheat grains was more likely to derive from ambient air than from soil, whereas the impact of ambient air on the accumulation of Cd in wheat grains might be very limited. This speculation was confirmed by the results of the predictor variable relative weight method based on the multiple regression analysis. Introduction of ambient air factor (TSP Pb and Cd) greatly improved the modeling effect of wheat grains Pb, while the modeling of grain Cd was more dependent on soil pH and total soil Cd. This research suggests that the reduction in wheat grain Pb is likely to be achieved by the control over ambient air Pb, whereas the reduction in the wheat grain Cd by the remediation of soil pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Qiao
- College of Resource and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hong Hou
- College of Resource and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Ligen Chen
- College of Resource and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Sciences Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yifu Lu
- Institute of Environmental Science of Jiyuan City, Jiyuan 459000, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Institute of Environmental Science of Jiyuan City, Jiyuan 459000, China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Dongjin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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11
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Soil Characteristics in Private Gardens of Different City Neighborhoods: A Case Study of Taibe, Israel. GEOSCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences12050217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
City green areas including private gardens, provide ecological, sociological, cultural, health, and engineering advantages that motivate the urban system. Manmade impacts on the development of urban soils are of greater importance than natural ones. Soil properties were studied in an Arab city—Taibe—in Israel. Two neighborhoods in the city, which differed in time of establishment, were selected: An older residential neighborhood constructed more than 70 years ago, and a newer one built 10 years ago. In each neighborhood, 15 private gardens were randomly chosen. In total, the study was conducted in 30 gardens. In each garden, soil samples were collected from three depths: 0–2, 2–10, and 10–30 cm, respectively. In each sample, organic matter, hygroscopic moisture, calcium carbonate, bulk density, field water content, lead, copper and zinc contents, and texture were determined. The soil of the older neighborhood expressed greater values of soil properties and higher profile differentiation than the newer one. The heavy metals in the soil of the private gardens of both neighborhoods are not present in excess nor are they toxic. Under the prevailing environmental conditions, the soil of the newer neighborhood will become like that of the older one in the future unless a new soil interruption occurs. The calcium carbonate and heavy metals contents in the soil can be used as indicators of soil maturity in different areas of the city having similar environmental conditions. In addition, the gradients of these properties along profiles can be helpful in restoring the history of human activity, which prevailed in the area.
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12
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Yang L, Ren Q, Ge S, Jiao Z, Zhan W, Hou R, Ruan X, Pan Y, Wang Y. Metal(loid)s Spatial Distribution, Accumulation, and Potential Health Risk Assessment in Soil-Wheat Systems near a Pb/Zn Smelter in Henan Province, Central China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052527. [PMID: 35270219 PMCID: PMC8909631 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To understand the influence of Pb/Zn smelter on surrounding environment, 110 soil and 62 wheat grain samples (62 paired samples) were collected nearby a Pb/Zn smelter in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, China. The content and spatial distribution of metal(loid)s in the soil-wheat system, and the potential health risk via consumption of wheat grains were determined. Results showed that the average content of Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Zn, and Ni in soil were 129.16, 4.28, 17.95, 20.43, 79.36, and 9.42 mg/kg, respectively. The content of Cd in almost all soil samples (99.1%) exceeded the national limitation of China (0.6 mg/kg). Spatial distribution analysis indicated that atmospheric deposition might be the main pollution source of Pb, Cd, As, and Zn in soil. In addition, the average content of Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Zn, and Ni in wheat grain were 0.62, 0.35, 0.10, 3.7, 35.77, and 0.15 mg/kg, respectively, with the average Pb and Cd content exceeding the national limitation of China. The average bioaccumulation factor of these metal(loid)s followed the following order: Zn (0.507) > Cu (0.239) > Cd (0.134) > Ni (0.024) > Pb (0.007) > As (0.006). Health risk assessment indicated that the average noncarcinogenic risk of children (6.78) was much higher than that of adults (2.83), and the carcinogenic risk of almost all wheat grain is higher than the acceptable range, with an average value of 2.43 × 10−2. These results indicated that humans who regularly consume these wheat grains might have a serious risk of noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (L.Y.); (X.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Q.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Qiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Q.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Shiji Ge
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Q.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Zhiqiang Jiao
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Z.J.); (R.H.)
| | - Wenhao Zhan
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China;
| | - Runxiao Hou
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Z.J.); (R.H.)
| | - Xinling Ruan
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (L.Y.); (X.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Q.R.); (S.G.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Z.J.); (R.H.)
| | - Yanfang Pan
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (L.Y.); (X.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Q.R.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yangyang Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (L.Y.); (X.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Q.R.); (S.G.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Z.J.); (R.H.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (Y.W.)
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13
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Vorobeichik EL. Natural Recovery of Terrestrial Ecosystems after the Cessation of Industrial Pollution: 1. A State-of-the-Art Review. RUSS J ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413622010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Li L, Zhang Y, Ippolito JA, Xing W, Tu C. Lead smelting alters wheat flour heavy metal concentrations and health risks. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2021; 50:454-464. [PMID: 33462853 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour consumption may be a major source of human metal intake, especially when wheat is cultivated in metal-contaminated soils. This work investigated Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn distribution in whole wheat flour, wheat flour, and wheat bran when grown in an area polluted by Pb smelting. Wheat product heavy metal concentrations were analyzed, and the (non)carcinogenic risks were assessed. Mean Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations in whole wheat flour were 0.38, 3.83, 0.48, and 29.3 mg kg-1 , respectively; those in flour were only slightly reduced. The ratios between noncarcinogenic average daily dose of whole wheat flour and wheat flour consumption ranged from 1.06 to 3.76, with Pb having the greatest values compared with other metals. For children, the average hazard quotients (HQs) of whole wheat flour consumption of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were 4.19, 1.06, 1.53, and 1.07; those for wheat flour consumption were 3.81, 0.68, 0.70, and 0.98, respectively. The HQs of adults were less than those of children. Overall results indicated that consumption of wheat products may lead to health concerns in the heavy metal contaminated area, yet when wheat flour rather than whole wheat flour is consumed, only the human health risk from Pb ingestion is reduced. Altering or removing human edible crops in the most contaminated areas should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- School of the Environment, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of the Environment, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - James A Ippolito
- Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1170, USA
| | - Weiqin Xing
- School of the Environment, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Chen Tu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
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15
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Xing W, Yang H, Ippolito JA, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Scheckel KG, Li L. Atmospheric deposition of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc near an operating and an abandoned lead smelter. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2020; 49:1667-1678. [PMID: 33107090 PMCID: PMC7963641 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition samples were collected over 15 mo at several locations near an operating smelter and an abandoned Pb smelter to investigate the contribution of Pb smelting to depositional fluxes and potential local air quality degradation. Samples were analyzed for As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn and subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Concentrations of Cd and Pb at both sites were greater than at the control site (p < .05), and significant correlations existed between Cd and Pb concentrations at both sites (p < .05). Monthly depositional flux variations at both sites were similar, with greater deposition during cold and dry periods. Heavy metal(loid)s deposition during these periods was correlated with wind speed. Greater Cd depositional flux differences were found between the smelter and control sites compared with other elements. The SEM images suggested that some particles at the operating smelter site were from Pb smelting material. However, most particles at both sites had no characteristics of smelting, suggesting reactions occurred between the smelter-emitted particles and soil components. The EDS results indicated that atmospheric deposition from both sites had lower Pb concentrations than smelting material or ash. The main atmospheric deposition source at the operating and abandoned sites was likely from the resuspension of heavy metal(loid)-enriched soil particles. Greater risk of air pollution from historical Pb smelting facilities exists years after closing down. Reducing soil wind erosional losses may help reduce heavy metal(loid)s dispersion across environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Xing
- School of the Environment, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of the Environment, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - James A. Ippolito
- Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523-1170, USA
| | - Qiang Zhao
- School of the Environment, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of the Environment, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Kirk G. Scheckel
- USEPA, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Liping Li
- School of the Environment, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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16
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Li L, Zhang Y, Ippolito JA, Xing W, Qiu K, Wang Y. Cadmium foliar application affects wheat Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn accumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114329. [PMID: 32179229 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is toxic to plants, easily reaching unsafe levels for animal and human consumption. A greenhouse experiment investigated the effect of foliar-applied Cd on the accumulation and distribution of Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in heavy metal-contaminated soil. Cadmium solutions (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg L-1) were repeatedly sprayed on entire aboveground wheat plants during heading stage to medium milk development stage. Plant sample analyses after harvest indicated that both the biomass yield and grain yield were negatively affected by Cd application (p < 0.05); compared to controls, leaf and grain Cd concentrations increased 187-547% and 26.3-91.8%, respectively. However, grain Cd accumulation (concentration × yield) was not affected by Cd treatments (p > 0.05). Stem, leaf and glume Zn concentrations increased by less than 31%, while grain Zn concentrations were negatively affected by Cd treatments (3.4-34.4% lower than the control). Grain Cu concentrations were also negatively affected by Cd treatments, while grain Pb concentrations were similar between treatments. The antagonistic effect of Cd on grain Zn accumulation may mainly be due to competition for transporters and binding compounds in wheat leaves and stems. Preventing excess Cd from entering aboveground plant tissues should lessen negative plant and potentially animal/human health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - James A Ippolito
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1170, USA
| | - Weiqin Xing
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Kunyan Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Remediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Soils of Henan Province, Jiyuan, Henan 459000, China
| | - Yali Wang
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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17
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Li L, Zhang Y, Ippolito JA, Xing W, Qiu K, Yang H. Lead smelting effects heavy metal concentrations in soils, wheat, and potentially humans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113641. [PMID: 31767230 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations and distribution in soil, wheat, and the potential for human heavy metal accumulation near a Pb smelting affected area were investigated. Farm land soil, wheat grain and scalp hair samples were collected from three villages (named QD, GF and BS) with increasing distance from a large Pb smelter in China. Soil Cd and Pb concentrations exceeded national standards 46-100% of the time, depending on location. Soil and wheat grain Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations increased as distance to the smelter decreased. Similarly, greater Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations were present in human scalp hair for those residents living closest to the smelter. Decreasing trends existed for hair-to-wheat grain ratios for Cd and Pb as distance to the smelter increased. Results suggest that as distance to the smelter decreases, human heavy metal absorption via the consumption of metal-contaminated food products (e.g., wheat) increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- School of Chemistry and the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - James A Ippolito
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1170, USA
| | - Weiqin Xing
- School of Chemistry and the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Kunyan Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Remediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Soils of Henan Province, Jiyuan, Henan, 459000, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Chemistry and the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
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18
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Benefits of Ryegrass on Multicontaminated Soils Part 1: Effects of Fertilizers on Bioavailability and Accumulation of Metals. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11185093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Effects of three phosphorus fertilizers on the shoot biomass and on the accumulation of alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metals in the shoots and roots of ryegrass were studied with two contaminated garden soils. Phosphates were added in sustainable quantities in order to reduce the environmental availability of carcinogenic metals (e.g., Cd and Pb) and to enhance the bioavailability of alkali and alkaline earth metals as well as micronutrients needed by plants. Addition of Ca(H2PO4)2 was the most convenient way to (i) limit the concentration of Cd and Pb, (ii) keep constant the transfer of macro- and micronutrient from the soil to the ryegrass shoots, (iii) decrease the availability of metals, and (iv) increase the ratio values between potential Lewis acids and Cd or Pb in order to produce biosourced catalysis. For instance, the real phytoavailability was reduced by 27%–57% and 64.2%–94.8% for Cd and Pb, respectively. Interestingly, the real phytoavailability of Zn was the highest in the least contaminated soils. Even if soils were highly contaminated, no visual toxicity symptoms were recorded in the growing ryegrasses. This indicates that ryegrass is suitable for the revegetation of contaminated gardens. To promote the sustainable ryegrass production on contaminated soils for production of new organic fragrance and drugs in green processes according to REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals) regulation, two processes should be recommended: assisted phytostabilization of the elements, and then assisted phytoextraction by using chelators.
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Pelfrêne A, Sahmer K, Waterlot C, Douay F. From environmental data acquisition to assessment of gardeners' exposure: feedback in an urban context highly contaminated with metals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20107-20120. [PMID: 30353433 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although growing vegetables in urban gardens has several benefits, some questions in relation with the safety of foods remain when the self-production is carried out on highly contaminated garden soils. To better assess the local population's exposure to Cd and Pb induced by the past activities of a lead smelter, a participatory program was initiated in 115 private kitchen gardens located in northern France to assist gardeners in understanding their soil environment. The challenge included contributing to the database of urban garden soils with the collection of a large number of samples: 1525 crops grouped into 12 types (leaf, fruiting, root, stem and bulbous vegetables, tubers, cabbages, leguminous plants, celeriac, fresh herbs, fruits, and berries), 708 topsoils, and 52 samples of self-produced compost. The main results were as follows: (i) topsoils were strongly contaminated by Cd and Pb compared to regional reference values; (ii) great variability in physicochemical parameters and metal concentrations in topsoils; (iii) the highest concentrations of Cd and Pb for celeriac and fresh herbs and the lowest for fruits and fruiting vegetables; (iv) a high percentage of vegetables that did not comply with the European foodstuff legislation; and (v) most self-produced compost samples were strongly contaminated. This study aimed to raise awareness and generate functional recommendations to reduce human exposure and to provide useful data that could be considered in other environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Pelfrêne
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, 48 Boulevard Vauban, BP 41290, 59014, Lille Cedex, France.
| | - Karin Sahmer
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, 48 Boulevard Vauban, BP 41290, 59014, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, 48 Boulevard Vauban, BP 41290, 59014, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Francis Douay
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, 48 Boulevard Vauban, BP 41290, 59014, Lille Cedex, France
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20
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Hechelski M, Louvel B, Dufrénoy P, Ghinet A, Waterlot C. The potential of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) to clean up multi-contaminated soils from labile and phytoavailable potentially toxic elements to contribute into a circular economy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:17489-17498. [PMID: 31020530 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aided phytoremediation was studied for 48 weeks with the aim of reducing extractable and phytoavailable toxic elements and producing potential marketable biomass. In this sense, biomass of ryegrass was produced under greenhouse on two contaminated garden soils that have been amended with two successive additions of phosphates. After the first addition of phosphates, seeds of ryegrass were sown and shoots were harvested twice. A second seedling was performed after carefully mixing the roots from the first production (used as compost), soils and phosphates. Forty-eight weeks after starting the experiments, the concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn extracted using the rhizosphere-based method were generally lower than those measured before the addition of phosphates and cultivation (except for Pb and Fe in the most contaminated soil). The concentrations of metals in the shoots of ryegrass from the second production were lower than those from the first (except for Al). The best results were obtained with phosphates and were the most relevant in the lowest contaminated soil, demonstrating that the available metal concentrations have to be taken into account in the management of contaminated soils. In view of the concentration of metals defined as carcinogens, mutagens, and reprotoxics (e.g., Cd, Pb) and those capable to be transformed into Lewis acids (e.g., Zn, Fe), the utilization of ryegrass in the revegetation of contaminated soils and in risk management may be a new production of marketable biomass. The development of phytomanagement in combination with this type of biomass coincided with the view that contaminated soils can still represent a valuable resource that should be used sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hechelski
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture, 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Brice Louvel
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture, 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Pierrick Dufrénoy
- Laboratoire de chimie durable et santé, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur, 13 rue de Toul, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
- Normandie University, UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, BP: 1123, 76600, Le Havre, France
- EA 3221, INC3M CNRS-FR 3038, UFR ST 25 rue Philipe Lebon, Cedex, 76063, Le Havre, France
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Laboratoire de chimie durable et santé, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur, 13 rue de Toul, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
- Faculté de médecine - Pôle recherche Inserm U995, LIRIC, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, Place Verdun, 59045, Lille Cedex, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I nr. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture, 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France.
- Equipe Biotechnologie et Gestion des Agents Pathogènes en agriculture (BIOGAP), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France.
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Liao Z, Xiao X, Hu Y, Sun X, Wang H, Zhou H, Ma Y, Li J. Toxic effects of coal fly ash on wheat seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:2371-2381. [PMID: 29627928 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We studied heavy metal (HM) stress on wheat seedlings (AK-58) with and without coal fly ash (CFA) exposure. Three CFA spray rates were used to simulate air quality of the second level. Results show airborne particulates can directly enter plant leaves, affecting the whole plant. HM deposition decreases seedling size and mass and reduces activities of the chlorophyll family, photosynthesis enzymes (RuBP and PEPC), and photosynthesis efficiency. In leaves, HM deposition increases with the CFA spray rate. In roots, however, CFA exposure seems to reduce HM deposition, compared with the control without CFA exposure. A possible reason is that HM deposition in leaves from airborne particulates hinders photosynthesis, weakens the whole physiology of the seedlings, and consequently reduces root absorption of HMs from soil. CFA leads to chloroplast expansion, layer-stack disorder of grana, plastoglobule increase, and even chlorophyll membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbin Liao
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yingying Hu
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxuan Zhou
- School of Architecture and Design, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Ma
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - James Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
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Xing W, Cao E, Scheckel KG, Bai X, Li L. Influence of phosphate amendment and zinc foliar application on heavy metal accumulation in wheat and on soil extractability impacted by a lead smelter near Jiyuan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:31396-31406. [PMID: 30196463 PMCID: PMC6487194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Higher concentrations of Pb and Cd in wheat grains harvested in several lead-smelting-polluted areas in northern China have been reported. This field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphate amendment and Zn foliar application on the accumulation of Pb and Cd in wheat grains grown in a lead-smelting impacted area in Jiyuan in northern China. The soil (total Pb and Cd are 261 and 2.65 mg kg-1, respectively) was amended with superphosphate at P:Pb ratios (mol:mol) of 1.90 or 2.57 either during wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) planting or a split of 60% of the phosphate applied at planting, with remaining 40% applied at the jointing stage. Zn was sprayed on the canopy of the wheat plants at the jointing stage. The phosphate amendment resulted in lower DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid)-extractable Pb (1.39-10.7% lower than the control) and Cd (0.040-7.12%) in the soil. No significant effect of split application of phosphate was found on Pb and Cd availability in soil; however, higher rates of P resulted in lower Pb and Cd availabilities in the soil. Grain Pb (5.41-21.5% lower than the control), Cd (3.62-6.76%), and Zn (4.29-9.02%) concentrations were negatively affected by the phosphate application, with higher rates of phosphate resulting in lower grain heavy metal concentrations. Foliar application had no statistically significant influence on Pb and Cd concentrations in the grain (p > 0.05). Although Pb and Cd concentrations in wheat grains were reduced by the phosphate application, their concentrations were still much higher than the maximum permissible concentrations for wheat in the national standards of China. The results suggest that it is feasible to reduce wheat grain concentrations of Pb and Cd in Pb-smelting-polluted areas in northern China by soil application of superphosphate; however, the split application of the phosphate and the foliar application of Zn compounds do not have substantial impact on reducing accumulation of Pb and Cd in the wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Xing
- School of Chemistry and the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Enze Cao
- School of Chemistry and the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Kirk G Scheckel
- U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, 45224, USA
| | - Xiaoming Bai
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Liping Li
- School of Chemistry and the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Wang Y, Li F, Song J, Xiao R, Luo L, Yang Z, Chai L. Stabilization of Cd-, Pb-, Cu- and Zn-contaminated calcareous agricultural soil using red mud: a field experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:2143-2153. [PMID: 29651760 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Red mud (RM) was used to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils. Experiments with two different dosages of RM added to soils were carried out in this study. It was found that soil pH increased 0.3 and 0.5 unit with the dosage of 3 and 5% (wt%), respectively. At the dosage of 5%, the highest stabilization efficiencies for Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn reached 67.95, 64.21, 43.73 and 63.73%, respectively. The addition of RM obviously transferred Cd from the exchangeable fraction to the residual fraction. Meanwhile, in comparison with the control (no RM added), it reduced 24.38, 49.20, 19.42 and 8.89% of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in wheat grains at the RM addition dosage of 5%, respectively. At the same time, the yield of wheat grains increased 17.81 and 24.66% at the RM addition dosage of 3 and 5%, respectively. Finally, the addition of RM did not change the soil bacterial community. These results indicate that RM has a great potential in stabilizing heavy metals in calcareous agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- School of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Institute of sustainable development in agriculture and rural area, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Institute of sustainable development in agriculture and rural area, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Jian Song
- Institute of sustainable development in agriculture and rural area, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Ruiyang Xiao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
- Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Lin Luo
- School of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
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24
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Pelfrêne A, Douay F. Assessment of oral and lung bioaccessibility of Cd and Pb from smelter-impacted dust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3718-3730. [PMID: 29168133 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0760-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil and dust contamination by metals engenders significant environmental and health problems in northern France where a lead smelter was in activity for more than a century. This study aims to examine the long-term effects of the smelter, 10 years after its closedown, on the presence of metal in sidewalk dust for a better assessment of the local population's exposure to Cd and Pb. The investigation included: (i) the metal distribution in different dust particle sizes and (ii) the assessment of metal bioaccessibility via ingestion and inhalation of dust. Seventy-two sidewalk dust samples were collected using a dust-sampling vacuum. The samples were sieved to collect different particle sizes from 0.3 to 1000 μm. The unified bioaccessibility method (UBM) was employed to evaluate the oral bioaccessibility of metals in the different particle sizes. The pulmonary bioaccessible fraction of Cd and Pb via the finest particles was extracted with lung-simulating solution (artificial lysosomal fluid). Ten years after the smelter closedown, (i) a strong relationship was observed between the concentrations of metals in dust and the distance to the former smelter, whatever the particle size; (ii) both total and oral bioaccessible concentrations of metals were high in the finest fraction (0.3-5 μm) and decreased when the particle size increased; (iii) a higher oral bioaccessibility of Cd and Pb was measured in the gastric phase (on average 43% for both metals for all particle sizes) and compared to the gastrointestinal phase (on average 16% for both metals for all particle sizes); and (iv) metal bioaccessibility via inhalation of dust was relatively high (on average 74 and 69%, for Cd and Pb, respectively). The results of the present study suggest that this environmental compartment may be a sensitive and effective indicator of anthropogenic metal contamination and the human exposure in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Pelfrêne
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, 48 Boulevard Vauban, BP 41290, 59014, Lille Cedex, France.
| | - Francis Douay
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, 48 Boulevard Vauban, BP 41290, 59014, Lille Cedex, France
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Vaasma T, Kaasik M, Loosaar J, Kiisk M, Tkaczyk AH. Long-term modelling of fly ash and radionuclide emissions as well as deposition fluxes due to the operation of large oil shale-fired power plants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 178-179:232-244. [PMID: 28910626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two of the world's largest oil shale-fired power plants (PPs) in Estonia have been operational over 40 years, emitting various pollutants, such as fly ash, SOx, NOx, heavy metals, volatile organic compounds as well as radionuclides to the environment. The emissions from these PPs have varied significantly during this period, with the maximum during the 1970s and 1980s. The oil shale burned in the PPs contains naturally occurring radionuclides from the 238U and 232Th decay series as well as 40K. These radionuclides become enriched in fly ash fractions (up to 10 times), especially in the fine fly ash escaping the purification system. Using a validated Gaussian-plume model, atmospheric dispersion modelling was carried out to determine the quantity and a real magnitude of fly ash and radionuclide deposition fluxes during different decades. The maximum deposition fluxes of volatile radionuclides (210Pb and 210Po) were around 70 mBq m-2 d-1 nearby the PPs during 1970s and 1980s. Due to the reduction of burned oil shale and significant renovations done on the PPs, the deposition fluxes were reduced to 10 mBq m-2 d-1 in the 2000s and down to 1.5 mBq m-2 d-1 in 2015. The maximum deposition occurs within couple of kilometers of the PPs, but the impacted area extends to over 50 km from the sources. For many radionuclides, including 210Po, the PPs have been larger contributors of radionuclides to the environment via atmospheric pathway than natural sources. This is the first time that the emissions and deposition fluxes of radionuclides from the PPs have been quantified, providing the information about their radionuclide deposition load on the surrounding environment during various time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taavi Vaasma
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Marko Kaasik
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jüri Loosaar
- School of Engineering, Department of Energy Technology at Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Madis Kiisk
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alan H Tkaczyk
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Shen F, Liao R, Ali A, Mahar A, Guo D, Li R, Xining S, Awasthi MK, Wang Q, Zhang Z. Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in soil near a Pb/Zn smelter in Feng County, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:254-262. [PMID: 28160703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A large scale survey and a small scale continuous monitoring was conducted to evaluate the impact of Pb/Zn smelting on soil heavy metals (HMs) accumulation and potential ecological risk in Feng County, Shaanxi province of China. Soil parameters including pH, texture, CEC, spatial and temporal distribution of HMs (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), and BCR fractionation were monitored accordingly. The results showed the topsoil in the proximity of smelter, especially the smelter area and county seat, were highly polluted by HMs in contrast to the river basins. Fractionation of Cd and Zn in soil samples revealed higher proportion of mobile fractions than other HMs. The soil Cd and Zn contents decreased vertically, but still exceeded the second level limits of Environmental Quality Standard for Soils of China (EQSS) within 80cm. The dominated soil pollutant (Cd) had higher ecological risk than Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb. The potential ecological risk (PER) factor of Cd were 65.7% and 100% in surrounding county and smelter area, respectively. The long-term smelter dust emission mainly contributed to the HMs pollution and posed serious environment risk to living beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Renmei Liao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Amjad Ali
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Amanullah Mahar
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Di Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Sun Xining
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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28
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Trebolazabala J, Maguregui M, Morillas H, de Diego A, Madariaga JM. Evaluation of metals distribution in Solanum lycopersicum plants located in a coastal environment using micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence imaging. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Chalmandrier M, Canavese M, Petit‑Berghem Y, Rémy É. « L’agriculture urbaine », entre concept scientifique et modèle d’action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4000/gc.5052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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El Hayek E, El Samrani A, Lartiges B, Kazpard V, Aigouy T. Lead bioaccumulation in Opuntia ficus-indica following foliar or root exposure to lead-bearing apatite. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:779-787. [PMID: 27816295 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of edible leafy vegetables by atmospheric heavy metal-bearing particles is a major issue in environmental toxicology. In this study, the uptake of lead by cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (Ofi), traditionally used in Mexican cuisine and in livestock fodder, is investigated after a 4-months exposure of either cladodes or roots to synthetic Pb-fluorapatite particles. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for the quantitative analysis of Pb levels, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) for the examination of the cladode surface and fate of particles, and Micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) measurements for elemental mapping of Pb in cladodes, were used. The results evidence that foliar contamination may be a major pathway for the transfer of Pb within Ofi cladodes. The stomata, areoles, and cuticle of cladode surface, play an obvious role in the retention and the incorporation of lead-bearing apatite, thus revealing the hazard of eating contaminated cladodes. The possibility of using series of successive cladodes for biomonitoring the atmospheric pollution in arid and semi-arid regions is also rapidly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane El Hayek
- University of Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), Laboratoire Geosciences Environment Toulouse (UMR CNRS-UPS 5563 IRD 234), 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France; Lebanese University, Plateforme de Recherche et d'Analyses en Sciences de l'Environnement, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et Technologies, Hadath, Lebanon.
| | - Antoine El Samrani
- Lebanese University, Plateforme de Recherche et d'Analyses en Sciences de l'Environnement, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et Technologies, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Bruno Lartiges
- University of Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), Laboratoire Geosciences Environment Toulouse (UMR CNRS-UPS 5563 IRD 234), 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Veronique Kazpard
- Lebanese University, Plateforme de Recherche et d'Analyses en Sciences de l'Environnement, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et Technologies, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Thierry Aigouy
- University of Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), Laboratoire Geosciences Environment Toulouse (UMR CNRS-UPS 5563 IRD 234), 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
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Vaasma T, Bityukova L, Kiisk M, Özden B, Tkaczyk AH. Behaviour mechanisms and correlation between lead (Pb) and its isotope (210)Pb in industrial residue as an indicator for waste characterization. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 37:3208-3218. [PMID: 27144415 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1181673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Total lead and (210)Pb concentrations were determined in various ash fractions (collected from two of the world's largest oil shale-fired power plants) by inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gamma spectrometry. Results show a clear increase in total lead (values up to 193 ppm in filter ashes) and (210)Pb (values up to 148 Bq kg(-1) in filter ashes) concentrations in the ash fractions from the furnace towards the filter ashes. A strong positive linear correlation (Pearson's bivariate correlation remained between 0.86 and 0.99) was determined between total lead concentration (ppm) and (210)Pb activity concentration (Bq kg(-1)) within all the boilers under observation. The constant concentration ratio between total lead and (210)Pb remained around one (with minor exceptions), independent of the sampling location and the used combustion technology. The determined concentration ratio can be applicable as an indicative tool in waste material characterization. It also provides multiple additions to the general material characterization approach, by integrating radiological and elemental studies and providing an option to rapidly obtain initial indicative information about the residues. This in turn helps to generate the initial information to work out the next steps in waste material management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taavi Vaasma
- a Institute of Physics, University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Liidia Bityukova
- b Institute of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Madis Kiisk
- a Institute of Physics, University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Banu Özden
- c Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University , İzmir , Turkey
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Pan L, Ma J, Hu Y, Su B, Fang G, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang L, Xiang B. Assessments of levels, potential ecological risk, and human health risk of heavy metals in the soils from a typical county in Shanxi Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19330-19340. [PMID: 27370534 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A total of 128 surface soil samples were collected, and eight heavy metals, including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Hg, were analyzed for their concentrations, potential ecological risks, and human health risks. The mean concentrations of these eight metals were lower than the soil environmental quality standards in China, while they were slightly higher than the background values in Shanxi Province. The enrichment factor, coefficient variation, and potential ecological risk index were used to assess the pollution and eco-risk level of heavy metals, among which, Cd and Hg showed higher pollution levels and potential risks than the others in the studied area. Moreover, multivariate geostatistical analysis suggested that Hg originated mainly from point sources such as industrial emissions, while agricultural activity is the predominant factor for Cd. The human health risk assessment indicated that non-carcinogenic values were below the threshold values. The total carcinogenic risks due to As, Cr, and Ni were within the acceptable range for adults, while for children, they were higher than the threshold value (1.0E-04), indicating that children are facing higher threat to heavy metals in soils. These results provide basic information on heavy metal pollution control and human health risk assessment management in the study regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Pan
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Management Center, Beijing, 100012, China
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jin Ma
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Beijing Normal University, College of Water Sciences, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Benying Su
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Management Center, Beijing, 100012, China
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Guangling Fang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Management Center, Beijing, 100012, China
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Management Center, Beijing, 100012, China
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhanshan Wang
- Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Management Center, Beijing, 100012, China
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bao Xiang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Management Center, Beijing, 100012, China.
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100012, China.
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33
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Bidar G, Waterlot C, Verdin A, Proix N, Courcot D, Détriché S, Fourrier H, Richard A, Douay F. Sustainability of an in situ aided phytostabilisation on highly contaminated soils using fly ashes: Effects on the vertical distribution of physicochemical parameters and trace elements. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 171:204-216. [PMID: 26897554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aided phytostabilisation using trees and fly ashes is a promising technique which has shown its effectiveness in the management of highly metal-contaminated soils. However, this success is generally established based on topsoil physicochemical analysis and short-term experiments. This paper focuses on the long-term effects of the afforestation and two fly ashes (silico-aluminous and sulfo-calcic called FA1 and FA2, respectively) by assessing the integrity of fly ashes 10 years after their incorporation into the soil as well as the vertical distribution of the physicochemical parameters and trace elements (TEs) in the amended soils (F1 and F2) in comparison with a non-amended soil (R). Ten years after the soil treatment, the particle size distribution analysis between fly ashes and their corresponding masses (fly ash + soil particles) showed a loss or an agglomeration of finer particles. This evolution matches with the appearance of gypsum (CaSO4 2H2O) in FA2m instead of anhydrite (CaSO4), which is the major compound of FA2. This finding corresponds well with the dissolution and the lixiviation of Ca, S and P included in FA2 along the F2 soil profile, generating an accumulation of these elements at 30 cm depth. However, no variation of TE contamination was found between 0 and 25 cm depth in F2 soil except for Cd. Conversely, Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg enrichment was observed at 25 cm depth in the F1 soil, whereas no enrichment was observed for As. The fly ashes studied, and notably FA2, were able to reduce Cd, Pb and Zn availability in soil and this capacity persists over the time despite their structural and chemical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Bidar
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, 48 Boulevard Vauban, F-59046, Lille Cedex, France.
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, 48 Boulevard Vauban, F-59046, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Anthony Verdin
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV, EA 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Nicolas Proix
- Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 273 rue de Cambrai, F-62000, Arras, France
| | - Dominique Courcot
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV, EA 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Sébastien Détriché
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, 48 Boulevard Vauban, F-59046, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Hervé Fourrier
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, 48 Boulevard Vauban, F-59046, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Antoine Richard
- Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 273 rue de Cambrai, F-62000, Arras, France
| | - Francis Douay
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, 48 Boulevard Vauban, F-59046, Lille Cedex, France
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Navel A, Uzu G, Spadini L, Sobanska S, Martins JMF. Combining microscopy with spectroscopic and chemical methods for tracing the origin of atmospheric fallouts from mining sites. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 300:538-545. [PMID: 26253233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Populations living close to mining sites are often exposed to important heavy metal concentrations, especially through atmospheric fallouts. Identifying the main sources of metal-rich particles remains a challenge because of the similarity of the particle signatures from the polluted sites. This work provides an original combination of physical and chemical methods to determine the main sources of airborne particles impacting inhabited zones. Raman microspectrometry (RMS), X-ray diffraction (DRX), morphology analyses by microscopy and chemical composition were assessed. Geochemical analysis allowed the identification of target and source areas; XRD and RMS analysis identified the main mineral phases in association with their metal content and speciation. The characterization of the dominant minerals was combined with particle morphology analysis to identify fallout sources. The complete description of dust morphologies permitted the successful determination of a fingerprint of each source site. The analysis of these chemical and morphological fingerprints allowed identification of the mine area as the main contributor of metal-rich particles impacting the inhabited zone. In addition to the identification of the main sources of airborne particles, this study will also permit to better define the extent of polluted zones requiring remediation or protection from eolian erosion inducing metal-rich atmospheric fallouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Navel
- University Grenoble Alpes - LTHE UMR 5564-CNRS-INSU/UGA/INPG/IRD, 1025 rue de la Piscine, DU BP53 - 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Gaëlle Uzu
- University Grenoble Alpes - LTHE UMR 5564-CNRS-INSU/UGA/INPG/IRD, 1025 rue de la Piscine, DU BP53 - 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Lorenzo Spadini
- University Grenoble Alpes - LTHE UMR 5564-CNRS-INSU/UGA/INPG/IRD, 1025 rue de la Piscine, DU BP53 - 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Sophie Sobanska
- LASIR, (UMR CNRS 8516), Université de Lille 1, Bât. C5, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq CEDEX, France
| | - Jean M F Martins
- University Grenoble Alpes - LTHE UMR 5564-CNRS-INSU/UGA/INPG/IRD, 1025 rue de la Piscine, DU BP53 - 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France.
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Yang J, Chen T, Lei M, Zhou X, Huang Q, Ma C, Gu R, Guo G. New isotopic evidence of lead contamination in wheat grain from atmospheric fallout. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:14710-14716. [PMID: 25982979 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Crops could accumulate trace metals by soil-root transfer and foliar uptake from atmospheric fallout, and an accurate assessment of pollution sources is a prerequisite for preventing heavy metal pollution in agricultural products. In this study, we examined Pb isotope rates to trace the sources of Pb in wheat grain grown in suburbs. Results showed that, even in zones with scarcely any air pollution spots, atmospheric fallout was still a considerable source of Pb accumulation in wheat. The concentration of Pb in wheat grain has poor correlation with that in farm soil. The Pb concentration in wheat grains with dust in bran coat was significantly higher than that in wheat grains, which indicates that Pb may accumulate by foliar uptake. The Pb isotope rate has obvious differences between the soil and atmospheric fallout, and scatter ratio is significantly closer between the wheat grain and atmospheric fallout. Atmospheric fallout is a more significant source of Pb concentration in wheat grains than in soil. As far as we know, this is the first study on the main sources of lead in grain crop (wheat) samples with isotope. This study aims to improve our understanding of the translocation of foliar-absorbed metals to nonexposed parts of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mei Lei
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Zhou
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qifei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chuang Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Runyao Gu
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guanghui Guo
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
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Lei L, Liang D, Yu D, Chen Y, Song W, Li J. Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in the irrigated area of Jinghui, Shaanxi, China, in terms of wheat flour consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:647. [PMID: 26407861 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of heavy metals (HMs) in agricultural soil has become a serious environmental problem because it poses a serious threat to human health by entering into food chains. Wheat is a staple food of the majority of the world's population; therefore, understanding the relationship between HM concentration in soils and its accumulation in wheat grain is imperative. This study assessed the concentrations of HMs (i.e., Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni) in agricultural soils (a loess soil, eum-orthic anthrosol) and wheat flour in the historical irrigated area of Jinghui, Northwest China. The potential human health risks of HMs among local residents were also determined by evaluating the consumption of wheat flour. Results showed that the mean soil concentrations of HMs exceeded the corresponding natural background values of agricultural surface soil in Shaanxi: 0.07 mg kg(-1) for Hg, 15.4 mg kg(-1) for As, 0.25 mg kg(-1) for Cd, 75.5 mg kg(-1) for Cr, 27.2 mg kg(-1) for Pb, 28.1 mg kg(-1) for Cu, 81.1 mg kg(-1) for Zn, and 36.6 mg kg(-1) for Ni, respectively. However, all of the mean concentrations of HMs in soil were within the safety limits set by the Chinese regulation (HJ332-2006). The total HM concentrations in wheat flour were 0.0017 mg kg(-1) for Hg, 0.028 mg kg(-1) for As, 0.020 mg kg(-1) for Cd, 0.109 mg kg(-1) for Cr, 0.128 mg kg(-1) for Pb, 2.66 mg kg(-1) for Cu, 24.20 mg kg(-1) for Zn, and 0.20 mg kg(-1) for Ni, and they were significantly lower than the tolerance limits of Chinese standards. However, 15% of the wheat flour samples exceeded the Chinese standard (GB2762-2012) for Pb. This study highlighted the human health risks in the relationship of wheat flour consumption for both adults and children with HMs accumulated area. HMs did not cause noncarcinogenic risks in the area (HI < 1) except for children in Jingyang county; Cd generated the greatest carcinogenic risk, which poses a potential health risk to consumers. The results obtained in this study showed that the government and other institutions should implement measures to prevent and control HM contamination in agricultural soil and crops to mitigate the associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingming Lei
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dongli Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Dasong Yu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Weiwei Song
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Li P, Lin C, Cheng H, Duan X, Lei K. Contamination and health risks of soil heavy metals around a lead/zinc smelter in southwestern China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:391-9. [PMID: 25540851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic emissions of toxic metals from smelters are a global problem. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of toxic metals in soils around a 60 year-old Pb/Zn smelter in a town in Yunnan Province of China. Topsoil and soil core samples were collected and analyzed to determine the concentrations of various forms of toxic metals. The results indicated that approximately 60 years of Pb/Zn smelting has led to significant contamination of the local soil by Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Sb, and Hg, which exhibited maximum concentrations of 8078, 2485, 75.4, 71.7, 25.3, and 2.58mgkg(-1), dry wet, respectively. Other metals, including Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Sc, and V, were found to originate from geogenic sources. The concentrations of smelter driven metals in topsoil decreased with increasing distance from the smelter. The main contamination by Pb, Zn, and Cd was found in the upper 40cm of soil around the Pb/Zn smelter, but traces of Pb, Zn, and Cd contamination were found below 100cm. Geogenic Ni in the topsoil was mostly bound in the residual fraction (RES), whereas anthropogenic Cd, Pb, and Zn were mostly associated with non-RES fractions. Therefore, the smelting emissions increased not only the concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in the topsoil but also their mobility and bioavailability. The hazard quotient and hazard index showed that the topsoil may pose a health risk to children, primarily due to the high Pb and As contents of the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhong Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Land Contamination and Remediation, Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Lei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Yang H, He M, Wang X. Concentration and speciation of antimony and arsenic in soil profiles around the world's largest antimony metallurgical area in China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2015; 37:21-33. [PMID: 24969304 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-014-9627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mining and smelting activities contribute large amounts of heavy metal pollution to the environment. In this study, four 75- or 80-cm-deep soil profiles in the vicinity of the Xikuangshan Sb smelter were sampled and studied by combination of bulk chemical analysis, sequential extraction procedure, and speciation analysis of Sb and As, which are in order to assess the vertical mobility of metal/metalloid contaminants (Sb, As, Cd, and Hg). The heavy contamination in the soil profiles is mostly located in the uppermost soil layers enriched in organic matter (<40 cm) and exhibited downward migration in the soil profiles. Sb and As, being substantially bound in the exchangeable fractions by sequential extraction studies, showed significant mobility in the profiles. Sb(III), Sb(V), As(III), and As(V) were found in all of the soil samples, and certain methylated states of Sb (TMSb) and As (MMA, DMA) were also present in the lower layer soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
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Ettler V, Konečný L, Kovářová L, Mihaljevič M, Sebek O, Kříbek B, Majer V, Veselovský F, Penížek V, Vaněk A, Nyambe I. Surprisingly contrasting metal distribution and fractionation patterns in copper smelter-affected tropical soils in forested and grassland areas (Mufulira, Zambian Copperbelt). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 473-474:117-124. [PMID: 24365587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Six soil profiles located near Mufulira (Zambian Copperbelt) were studied to evaluate and compare the extent of environmental pollution of Cu-ore mining and smelting in both forested and grassland areas. The highest metal concentrations were detected in the uppermost soil layers with the following maxima: Co 45.8 mg kg(-1), Cu 8,980 mg kg(-1), Pb 41.6 mg kg(-1), and Zn 97.0 mg kg(-1). Numerous anthropogenic metal-bearing particles were detected in the most polluted soil layers. The spherical smelter-derived particles were mainly composed of covellite (CuS) and chalcocite (Cu2S), while the angular mining-derived particles were mostly composed of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2). Additionally, Fe-Cu oxide particles predominantly corresponding to tenorite (CuO) and delafossite (Cu(1+)Fe(3+)O2), along with hydrated Fe-oxides corresponding to secondary weathering products, were detected. In contrast to smelter-affected soils in temperate climates, where forest soils are significantly more enriched in metals than tilled soils due to high canopy interception, our data indicate a higher proportion of metal-bearing anthropogenic particles and higher metal concentrations in soils from unforested sites. This phenomenon is probably related to the more frequent and intense bushfires in forested areas, leading to the mobilization of pollutants contained in the biomass-rich surface soils back into the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Ettler
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Ladislav Konečný
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kovářová
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mihaljevič
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sebek
- Laboratories of the Geological Institutes, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Bohdan Kříbek
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00 Praha 5, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Majer
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00 Praha 5, Czech Republic
| | | | - Vít Penížek
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Vaněk
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Imasiku Nyambe
- University of Zambia, School of Mines, P.O. Box 32 379, Lusaka, Zambia
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Marques RC, Moreira MDFR, Bernardi JVE, Dórea JG. Breast milk lead concentrations of mothers living near tin smelters. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 91:549-54. [PMID: 24068462 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-013-1093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We compared Pb concentration in human milk from 37 mothers living in a neighborhood of tin-ore smelters to that from 45 mothers living in a fishing community. The median breast-milk-Pb (BM-Pb) concentration was significantly (p = 0.0000001) higher (11.3 μg L(-1); ≤0.96-29.4 μg L(-1)) in mothers living in the vicinity of smelters than that of rural mothers (1.9 μg L(-1); ≤0.96-20.0 μg L(-1)). These mothers also showed a statistically significant correlation between length of residence and BM-Pb concentration (Spearman r = 0.6864; p < 0.0001). The estimated median exposure (for infants <6 months) was 3.0 μg kg(-1) b.w. for rural infants compared to 7.5 μg kg(-1) b.w. for infants in the vicinity of metal smelters. Overall, most BM-Pb concentrations (79 %) in the metal smelter area were above the critical limit of 5.0 μg L(-1) set by the WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejane C Marques
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
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Douay F, Pelfrêne A, Planque J, Fourrier H, Richard A, Roussel H, Girondelot B. Assessment of potential health risk for inhabitants living near a former lead smelter. Part 1: metal concentrations in soils, agricultural crops, and homegrown vegetables. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:3665-80. [PMID: 22886627 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by metals engenders important environmental and health problems in northern France where a smelter (Metaleurop Nord) was in activity for more than a century. This study aims to look at the long-term effects of the smelter after its closedown by combining data on the degree of soil contamination and the quality of the crops grown (agricultural crops and homegrown vegetables) in these soils for a better assessment of the local population's exposure to Cd, Pb, and Zn. Seven years after the Metaleurop Nord closedown, (1) the agricultural and urban topsoils were strongly contaminated by Cd, Pb, and Zn; (2) the kitchen garden topsoils were even more polluted than the agricultural soils, with great variability in metal concentrations within the gardens studied; (3) a high proportion of the agricultural crops for foodstuffs did not conform with the European legislation; (4) for feedstuffs, most samples did not exceed the Cd and Pb legislation limits, indicating that feedstuffs may be an opportunity for most agricultural produce; and (5) a high proportion of the vegetables produced in the kitchen gardens did not conform with the European foodstuff legislation. The high contamination level of the soils studied continues to be a risk for the environment and the population's health. A further investigation (part 2) assesses the associated potential health risk for local inhabitants through consumption of homegrown vegetables and ingestion of soil particles by estimating the site-specific human health assessment criteria for Cd and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Douay
- Université Lille Nord de France, 59000 Lille, France
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Glińska S, Gapińska M. The effect of pre-incubation of Allium cepa L. roots in the ATH-rich extract on Pb uptake and localization. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:601-11. [PMID: 22895797 PMCID: PMC3604584 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The positive influence of anthocyanin (ATH) on toxic metal-treated plant material is well documented; however, it is still not explained if it is caused by changes in element absorption and distribution. Therefore, detailed analysis of the effect of the ATH-rich extract from red cabbage leaves on Pb uptake and localization at morphological, anatomical and ultrastructural level was the goal of this study. Two-day-old adventitious roots of Allium cepa L. (cv. Polanowska) were treated for 2 h with the aqueous solution of Pb(NO3)2 at the concentration of 100 μM with or without preliminary incubation in the anthocyanin-rich extract from Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata rubra leaves (250 μM, 3 h). The red cabbage extract did not change the total Pb uptake but it enhanced the translocation of accumulated metal from roots to shoots. Within the pretreated roots, more Pb was deposited in their basal part and definitely smaller amount of the metal was bound in the apoplast of the outer layers of cortex cells. The ultrastructural analysis (transmission electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis) revealed that the ATH-rich extract lowered the number of Pb deposits in intracellular spaces, cell wall and cytoplasm of root meristematic cells as well as in such organelles important to cell metabolism as mitochondria, plastids and nucleus. The Pb deposits were preferably localised in those vacuoles where ATH also occurred. This sequestration of Pb in vacuoles is probably responsible for reduction of metal cytotoxicity and consequently could lead to better plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sława Glińska
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
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De Temmerman L, Ruttens A, Waegeneers N. Impact of atmospheric deposition of As, Cd and Pb on their concentration in carrot and celeriac. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 166:187-95. [PMID: 22513000 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Root crops, carrot and celeriac, were exposed to atmospheric deposition in a polluted versus reference area. An effect was observed on the As, Cd and Pb concentrations of the leaves and the storage organs. The concentrations in the whole storage organs correlated well with atmospheric deposition, which shows that they even could be used for biomonitoring. Nevertheless, leaves remain much more appropriate. The results revealed also a significant increase of the As and Cd concentration in the consumable part of the storage organs as a function of their atmospheric deposition. As such the experiments allowed deriving regression equations, useful for modeling the atmospheric impact of trace elements on the edible parts of root crops. For Pb, however, there was hardly any significant impact on the inner parts of the storage organs and as such the transfer of Pb in the food chain through root crops can be considered to be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig De Temmerman
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Coda-Cerva, Leuvensesteensweg 17, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium.
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Bermudez GMA, Jasan R, Plá R, Pignata ML. Heavy metals and trace elements in atmospheric fall-out: their relationship with topsoil and wheat element composition. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 213-214:447-456. [PMID: 22390956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the average concentrations and deposition rates of 28 elements in atmospheric bulk deposition and to elucidate associations among topsoil, bulk deposition and wheat element composition. The fluxes of arsenic (As), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) deposition in Córdoba were higher than in other agro-ecosystems, which reflects both natural (geochemistry and topsoil removal) and anthropogenic sources. High lanthanide, uranium (U) and thorium (Th) concentrations revealed the impact of an open cast uranium mine. The highest enrichment factors (EF) were those of Cu, Pb, Zn and nickel (Ni), with calcium (Ca) being the most prominent in the surroundings of a cement plant. Industries and the transport of airborne urban pollutants were the main anthropogenic sources for Ca, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and antimony (Sb). The concentrations of metals in wheat grain were predicted using the topsoil and atmospheric fall-out composition with R(2)=0.90, with the latter being the best explanatory variable. The present study highlights the potential health hazards of wheat consumption (Environmental Protection Agency) by the assessment of heavy metals in bulk atmospheric deposition.
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45
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Pelfrêne A, Waterlot C, Mazzuca M, Nisse C, Cuny D, Richard A, Denys S, Heyman C, Roussel H, Bidar G, Douay F. Bioaccessibility of trace elements as affected by soil parameters in smelter-contaminated agricultural soils: a statistical modeling approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 160:130-138. [PMID: 22035936 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An investigation was undertaken to identify the most significant soil parameters that can be used to predict Cd, Pb, and Zn bioaccessibility in smelter-contaminated agricultural soils. A robust model was established from an extended database of soils by using: (i) a training set of 280 samples to select the main soil parameters, to define the best population to be taken into account for the model elaboration, and to construct multivariate regression models, and (ii) a test set of 110 samples to validate the ability of the regression models. Total carbonate, organic matter, sand, P(2)O(5), free Fe-Mn oxide, and pseudototal Al and trace element (TE) contents appeared as the main variables governing TE bioaccessibility. The statistical modeling approach was reasonably successful, indicating that the main soil factors influencing the bioaccessibility of TEs were taken into account and the predictions could be applicable for further risk evaluation in the studied area.
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Pelfrêne A, Waterlot C, Douay F. In vitro digestion and DGT techniques for estimating cadmium and lead bioavailability in contaminated soils: influence of gastric juice pH. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:5076-85. [PMID: 21917297 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A sensitivity analysis was conducted on an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion test (i) to investigate the influence of a low variation of gastric juice pH on the bioaccessibility of Cd and Pb in smelter-contaminated soils (F(B), using the unified bioaccessibility method UBM) and fractions of metals that may be transported across the intestinal epithelium (F(A), using the diffusive gradient in thin film technique), and (ii) to provide a better understanding of the significance of pH in health risk assessment through ingestion of soil by children. The risk of metal exposure to children (hazard quotient, HQ) was determined for conditions that represent a worst-case scenario (i.e., ingestion rate of 200 mg day(-1)) using three separate calculations of metal daily intake: estimated daily intake (EDI), bioaccessible EDI (EDI-F(B)), and oral bioavailable EDI (EDI-F(A)). The increasing pH from 1.2 to 1.7 resulted in: (i) no significant variation in Cd-F(B) in the gastric phase but a decrease in the gastrointestinal phase; (ii) a decrease in soluble Pb in the gastric phase and a significant variation in Pb-F(B) in the gastrointestinal phase; (iii) a significant decrease in Cd-F(A) and no variation in Pb-F(A); (iv) no change in EDI-F(B) and EDI-F(A) HQs for Cd; (v) a significant decrease in EDI-F(B) HQs and no significant variation in EDI-F(A) HQ for Pb. In the analytical conditions, these results show that risk to children decreases when the bioavailability of Pb in soils is taken into account and that the studied pH values do not affect the EDI-F(A) HQs. The present results provide evidence that the inclusion of bioavailability analysis during health risk assessment could provide a more realistic estimate of Cd and Pb exposure, and opens a wide field of practical research on this topic (e.g., in contaminated site management).
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Bermudez GMA, Jasan R, Plá R, Pignata ML. Heavy metal and trace element concentrations in wheat grains: assessment of potential non-carcinogenic health hazard through their consumption. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 193:264-271. [PMID: 21835546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal and trace element concentrations were examined in wheat grains and straw to elucidate associations between air pollution sources and soil variables. The mean wheat grain concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn surpassed the tolerance limits stated in the international legislation for wheat grain and foodstuffs. When topsoil Ba, Co, Cr and Zn concentrations were higher than the legislation thresholds for agricultural and residential soils, wheat grain concentrations were also increased. In addition, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn revealed an immobilization effect of a cement plant and the atmospheric deposition input, with Cd in wheat grains being associated with a cement plant and industrial waste incinerator. The health risks arising from wheat grain consumption indicated that the inhabitants of Argentina are experiencing significant non-carcinogenic risks (Hazard Index = 3.311), especially when consuming wheat grains affected by metallurgical or chemical factories, as well as by air transportation from big cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo M A Bermudez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.
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Mackay AK, Taylor MP, Hudson-Edwards KA. Water and sediment quality of dry season pools in a dryland river system: the upper Leichhardt River, Queensland, Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:2050-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c0em00396d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lopareva-Pohu A, Pourrut B, Waterlot C, Garçon G, Bidar G, Pruvot C, Shirali P, Douay F. Assessment of fly ash-aided phytostabilisation of highly contaminated soils after an 8-year field trial: part 1. Influence on soil parameters and metal extractability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:647-654. [PMID: 21106226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable management of large surface areas contaminated with trace elements is a real challenge, since currently applied remediation techniques are too expensive for these areas. Aided phytostabilisation appears to be a cost efficient technique to reduce metal mobility in contaminated soils and contaminated particle spread. In this context, this study aimed at evaluating the long-term efficiency of aided phytostabilisation on former agricultural soils highly contaminated with trace elements. The influence of afforestation and fly ash amendments to reduce metal mobility was investigated. Before being planted with a tree mix, the study site was divided into three plots: a reference plot with no amendment, the second amended with silico-aluminous fly ash and the third with sulfo-calcic fly ash. After eight years, some soil physico-chemical parameters, including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) extractability were modified. In particular, pH decreased on the whole site while organic carbon content increased. The alteration of these parameters influencing trace element mobility is explained by afforestation. Over time, concentrations of CaCl(2)-extractable metals increased and were correlated with the soil pH decrease. In the amended soils, extractable Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations were lower than in the reference soil. The results indicated that the two fly ashes buffered natural soil acidification due to vegetation development and limited trace element mobility and thus could limit their bioavailability. For long-term phytostabilisation, special attention should be focused on the soil pH, metal mobility and phytoavailability analysis.
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Douay F, Pruvot C, Waterlot C, Fritsch C, Fourrier H, Loriette A, Bidar G, Grand C, de Vaufleury A, Scheifler R. Contamination of woody habitat soils around a former lead smelter in the North of France. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:5564-5577. [PMID: 19665168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of the topsoil of 262 woody habitats around a former lead smelter in the North of France was assessed. In this urbanized and industrialized area, these kinds of habitats comprise of hedges, groves, small woods, anthropogenic creations and one large forest. Except for the latter, which is 3 km away, these woody habitat soils often present a high anthropization degree (a significant amount of pebbles and stones related to human activities) with a high metal contamination. In the studied woody habitat topsoils, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations largely exceeded those of agricultural topsoils located in the same environmental context. Therefore, atmospheric emissions from the smelter are not the only cause of the high contamination of the woody habitat soils. This last one is related to the nature and the contamination level of deposit in relation with human activities (rubbles, slag, soils, etc). With regard to the results obtained with chemical extractions, the mobility of Cd, Pb and Zn in these soils is also greater than in agricultural soils. In the forest, pollutant solubility is increased by soil acidic pH. The variability of the physico-chemical parameters and the high metal contamination of the topsoils are the main characteristics of the woody habitats located around the former smelter. Although never taken into account during risk assessment, the disturbance of these environmental components could have important biogeochemical impacts (nutrients and metal cycles). Moreover, any modification of the soils' use could potentially cause mobilization and transfer of the pollutants to the biosphere. Six years after the closure of the smelter, and as social and economic pressures considerably increase in this area, the study of these peculiar ecosystems is necessary to understand and predict the bioavailability, transfer, bioaccumulation and effects of pollutants in food chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Douay
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Groupe ISA, 48 boulevard Vauban 59046 Lille cedex, France.
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