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Herath KHINM, Cho J, Kim HJ, Dinh DTT, Kim HS, Ahn G, Jeon YJ, Jee Y. Polyphenol containing Sargassum horneri attenuated Th2 differentiation in splenocytes of ovalbumin-sensitised mice: involvement of the transcription factors GATA3/STAT5/NLRP3 in Th2 polarization. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1464-1472. [PMID: 34726583 PMCID: PMC8567878 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1992451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh (Sargassaceae) is a brown marine alga used in oriental medicine to treat allergic conditions. OBJECTIVE This study clarifies the effect of polyphenol-containing S. horneri ethanol extract (SHE) on T-helper type-2 (Th2) polarisation. MATERIALS AND METHODS All mice (BALB/c mice, n = 12) except in the healthy control group were first sensitised with an intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA; 20 µg) and alum (2 mg) on Day 0 and Day 14. Similarly, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected according to the same schedule into the healthy control mice. After the final administration, splenocytes were obtained. OVA sensitised mice were challenged with OVA (100 µg/mL) in the absence or presence (62.5 and 125 µg/mL) of SHE while healthy control group remained untreated. RESULTS SHE (0-1000 µg/mL) was not cytotoxic to splenocytes and demonstrated IC50 values of 3.27 and 3.92 mg/mL, respectively, at 24 and 48 h of incubation. SHE suppressed cell proliferation at concentrations ≥62.5 µg/mL. SHE treatment (125 µg/mL) subdued (by 1.8-fold) the population expansion of CD3+CD4+ helper T cells induced by OVA challenge. SHE attenuated the OVA-induced activation of respective transcription factors GATA3 and NLRP3. Simultaneously, highly elevated levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 caused by OVA stimulation were removed completely and IL-13 suppressed by 1.5-fold. CONCLUSIONS SHE exhibits Th2 immune suppression under OVA stimulation via GATA3- and NLRP3-dependent IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 suppression. Therefore, SHE could be therapeutically useful for alleviating the symptoms of allergen-mediated immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinhee Cho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- Department of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Duong Thi Thuy Dinh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngheun Jee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Helminthostachys zeylanica Water Extract Ameliorates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Eosinophil Infiltration by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Th2 Cytokine Production in a Mouse Asthma Model. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:1702935. [PMID: 33343229 PMCID: PMC7725587 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1702935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminthostachys zeylanica is a traditional folk herb used to improve inflammation and fever in Taiwan. Previous studies showed that H. zeylanica extract could ameliorate lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. The aim of this study was to investigate whether H. zeylanica water (HZW) and ethyl acetate (HZE) extracts suppressed eosinophil infiltration and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthmatic mice, and decreased the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in tracheal epithelial cells. Human tracheal epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) were pretreated with various doses of HZW or HZE (1 μg/ml-10 μg/ml), and cell inflammatory responses were induced with IL-4/TNF-α. In addition, female BALB/c mice sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA), to induce asthma, were orally administered with HZW or HZE. The result demonstrated that HZW significantly inhibited the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species in activated BEAS-2B cells. HZW also decreased ICAM-1 expression and blocked monocytic cells from adhering to inflammatory BEAS-2B cells in vitro. Surprisingly, HZW was more effective than HZE in suppressing the inflammatory response in BEAS-2B cells. Our results demonstrated that HZW significantly decreased AHR and eosinophil infiltration, and reduced goblet cell hyperplasia in the lungs of asthmatic mice. HZW also inhibited oxidative stress and reduced the levels of Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Our findings suggest that HZW attenuated the pathological changes and inflammatory response of asthma by suppressing Th2 cytokine production in OVA-sensitized asthmatic mice.
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Ting NC, Huang WC, Chen LC, Yang SH, Kuo ML. Descurainia sophia Ameliorates Eosinophil Infiltration and Airway Hyperresponsiveness by Reducing Th2 Cytokine Production in Asthmatic Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 47:1507-1522. [PMID: 31752525 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In Chinese medicine, Descurainia sophia is used to treat cough by removing the phlegm in asthma and inflammatory airway disease, but the mechanism is not clear. In this study, we evaluated whether D. sophia water extract (DSWE) can alleviate airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in the lungs of a murine asthma model. Female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: normal controls, ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized asthmatic mice, and OVA-sensitized mice treated with DSWE (2, 4, 8 g/day) by intraperitoneal injection. After sacrificing the mice, serum was collected to detect OVA-specific antibodies by ELISA, as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to detect cytokine levels. We also detected gene expression and histopathologically evaluated the lungs of asthmatic mice. DSWE reduced AHR, goblet cell hyperplasia, eosinophil infiltration, and collagen aggregation in the lungs of asthmatic mice. DSWE also suppressed the gene expression of Th2-associated cytokines and chemokines in lung tissue and inhibited serum OVA-IgE and Th2-associated cytokine levels in the BALF of OVA-sensitized mice. Our findings suggest that DSWE is a powerful immunomodulator for ameliorated allergic reactions by suppressing Th2 cytokine expression in asthmatic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Chun Ting
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Sien-Hung Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Division of Chinese Internal Medicine Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
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4
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Zhang X, Huang K, Zhong H, Ma Y, Guo Z, Tang Z, Liang J, Luo Y, Su Z, Wang L. Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on immunological parameters, apoptosis, and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:509-514. [PMID: 31877360 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on immunological parameters, apoptosis, and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was investigated. Dietary supplementation with LBP significantly increased complement 3 (C3) activity and promoted interleukin IL-1β gene expression in spleen tissue, significantly reduced apoptosis in spleen tissue, increased the specific growth rate (SGR), relative length gain (LG), and relative weight gain (WG) of Nile tilapia. However, dietary supplementation with LBP did not have a significant effect on serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), blood constituents, apoptosis, or gene expression of IL-1β in liver tissue. Overall, the results showed that dietary supplementation with LBP increased the nonspecific immunity of Nile tilapia and reduced the apoptosis rate to promote growth and development. Thus, LBP has potential for use as a new immunostimulant in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning, 530021, China; College of Animal Science and Technology of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Kai Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Huan Zhong
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yanqun Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Zhongbao Guo
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zhanyang Tang
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning, 530021, China; College of Animal Science and Technology of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
| | - Junneng Liang
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yongju Luo
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning, 530021, China; College of Animal Science and Technology of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
| | - Zhijian Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
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Ma J, Chan CC, Huang WC, Kuo ML. Berberine Inhibits Pro-inflammatory Cytokine-induced IL-6 and CCL11 Production via Modulation of STAT6 Pathway in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1464-1473. [PMID: 32624703 PMCID: PMC7330667 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.45400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from various Chinese herbs that has potential of anti-inflammatory, anti-lipidemic, anti-neoplastic, and anti-diabetic activity. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of berberine on allergic airway inflammation by targeting epithelial cells. Allergic airway inflammation driven by T helper 2 (Th2)-type immunity is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, elevated IgE production, and eosinophilic infiltration. For eosinophil recruitment, major chemoattractant CCL11 (eotaxin-1) was secreted by lung epithelial cells. BEAS-2B cells, a human bronchial epithelial cell line, were pre-treated with berberine and then activated by IL-4 plus TNF-α. The viability of BEAS-2B cells was assessed. Expression levels of IL-6 and CCL11 were determined using ELISA and real-time PCR. The signaling pathways of MAP kinases, NF-κB, and STAT6 were analyzed by western blot. Berberine treatment (≤1 μM) didn't significantly affect the viability of BEAS-2B cells with or without IL-4 plus TNF-stimulation. Berberine significantly inhibited the secretion of IL-6 and CCL11 from pro-inflammatory cytokine-activated BEAS-2B cells. NF-κB and MAP kinase pathways were seemingly unaffected in BEAS-2B cells with berberine treatment. Significant reduction of nuclear STAT6 protein expression in activated BEAS-2B cells with berberine treatment was observed. Current study reveals that berberine has inhibitory effect in pro-inflammatory cytokine-activated BEAS-2B cells through reducing IL-6 and CCL11 production, which is possibly modulated by suppressing STAT6 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chi Chan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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6
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Lin SC, Shi LS, Ye YL. Advanced Molecular Knowledge of Therapeutic Drugs and Natural Products Focusing on Inflammatory Cytokines in Asthma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070685. [PMID: 31284537 PMCID: PMC6678278 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common respiratory disease worldwide. Cytokines play a crucial role in the immune system and the inflammatory response to asthma. Abnormal cytokine expression may lead to the development of asthma, which may contribute to pathologies of this disease. As cytokines exhibit pleiotropy and redundancy characteristics, we summarized them according to their biologic activity in asthma development. We classified cytokines in three stages as follows: Group 1 cytokines for the epithelial environment stage, Group 2 cytokines for the Th2 polarization stage, and Group 3 cytokines for the tissue damage stage. The recent cytokine-targeting therapy for clinical use (anti-cytokine antibody/anti-cytokine receptor antibody) and traditional medicinal herbs (pure compounds, single herb, or natural formula) have been discussed in this review. Studies of the Group 2 anti-cytokine/anti-cytokine receptor therapies are more prominent than the studies of the other two groups. Anti-cytokine antibodies/anti-cytokine receptor antibodies for clinical use can be applied for patients who did not respond to standard treatments. For traditional medicinal herbs, anti-asthmatic bioactive compounds derived from medicinal herbs can be divided into five classes: alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, and terpenoids. However, the exact pathways targeted by these natural compounds need to be clarified. Using relevant knowledge to develop more comprehensive strategies may provide appropriate treatment for patients with asthma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Li-Shian Shi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Ye
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63201, Taiwan.
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7
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Liu L, Wang LP, He S, Ma Y. Immune Homeostasis: Effects of Chinese Herbal Formulae and Herb-Derived Compounds on Allergic Asthma in Different Experimental Models. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 24:390-398. [PMID: 29752613 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-2836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is thought to arise from an imbalance of immune regulation, which is characterized by the production of large quantities of IgE antibodies by B cells and a decrease of the interferon-γ/interleukin-4 (Th1/Th2) ratio. Certain immunomodulatory components and Chinese herbal formulae have been used in traditional herbal medicine for thousands of years. However, there are few studies performing evidence-based Chinese medicine (CM) research on the mechanisms and effificacy of these drugs in allergic asthma. This review aims to explore the roles of Chinese herbal formulae and herb-derived compounds in experimental research models of allergic asthma. We screened published modern CM research results on the experimental effects of Chinese herbal formulae and herb-derived bioactive compounds for allergic asthma and their possible underlying mechanisms in English language articles from the PubMed and the Google Scholar databases with the keywords allergic asthma, experimental model and Chinese herbal medicine. We found 22 Chinese herb species and 31 herb-derived anti-asthmatic compounds as well as 12 Chinese herbal formulae which showed a reduction of airway hyperresponsiveness, allergen-specifific immunoglobulin E, inflflammatory cell infifiltration and a regulation of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo, respectively. Chinese herbal formulae and herbderived bioactive compounds exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-inflflammatory and anti-asthma activities in different experimental models and their various mechanisms of action are being investigated in modern CM research with genomics, proteomics and metabolomics technologies, which will lead to a new era in the development of new drug discovery for allergic asthma in CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.,University Course of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lin-Peng Wang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Shan He
- Molecular Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine Group, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yan Ma
- University Course of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Molecular Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine Group, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Kao ST, Kuo YH, Wang SD, Hong HJ, Lin LJ. Analogous corticosteroids, 9A and EK100, derived from solid-state-cultured mycelium of Antrodia camphorata inhibit proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages. Cytokine 2018; 108:136-144. [PMID: 29605763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata mycelium is used in traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan. The wild-type mycelium is rare and expensive, so a solid-state-cultured mycelium of A. camphorata (SCMAC) has been developed. Previous studies have found SCMAC to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, the immunomodulatory effects of SCMAC and of its active phytosterol compounds EK100 and 9A on asthma remain unknown. In this study, BALB/c mice were repeatedly exposed to Dermatogoides pteronyssinus (Der p) at 1-week intervals and were orally administered crude SCMAC extract before the Der p challenge. The mice were sacrificed 72 h after the last challenge to examine the airway remodeling, inflammation, and expression profiles of cytokines and various genes. Then, 30-µg/mL Der p-stimulated MH-S cells with 9A or EK100 were collected for real-time PCR analysis, and the effects of 9A and EK100 on macrophages were evaluated. The crude extract reduced Der p-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, total serum immunoglobulin E levels, and recruitment of inflammatory cells to the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid through cytokine downregulation and Th1/Th2/Th17 response modulation. Additionally, 9A and EK100 inhibited IL-1β and IL-6 expression in alveolar macrophages. These results indicate that the pharmacologically active compounds in a crude SCMAC extract exert synergistic effects on multiple targets to relieve asthma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Shulhn-Der Wang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Jye Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Jen Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Harada E, D'Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Toda M, Morizono T, Totoki T, Yasuma T, Nishihama K, Kobayashi T, Sumiya T, Kawagishi H, Gabazza EC. The Medicinal Mushroom, Grifola gargal, Ameliorates Allergic Bronchial Asthma. J Med Food 2017; 21:136-145. [PMID: 29261008 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Grifola gargal Singer, a medicinal mushroom, has been found to be effective for the prevention and treatment of various chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the effects of G. gargal on allergic diseases are unknown. The present study investigated the effect of G. gargal extract on allergic bronchial asthma. Asthma was induced in mice by ovalbumin sensitization and inhalation. The grade of asthma was compared between mice fed with chow containing G. gargal extract and mice given standard chow. The human mast cell and eosinophilic cell lines were used for in vitro studies. G. gargal extract significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, lung eosinophilic infiltration, lung interleukin (IL)-13 expression, and plasma IgE level and significantly increased IL-10 plasma levels compared to untreated control mice. Spleen regulatory T cells were significantly increased in mice treated with the G. gargal extract compared with untreated control mice. G. gargal extract significantly suppressed expression of cytokines in mast cells and eosinophils compared with control cells. Overall, these observations show that G. gargal extract augments the lung population of regulatory T cells and ameliorates allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in mice with allergic bronchial asthma, suggesting the potential therapeutic benefit of G. gargal extract in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Harada
- 1 Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine Mie, Mie University , Tsu, Japan .,2 Iwade Research Institute of Mycology , Tsu, Japan
| | | | - Masaaki Toda
- 1 Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine Mie, Mie University , Tsu, Japan
| | | | - Toshiaki Totoki
- 3 Department of Gastroenterology, Mie University , Tsu, Japan
| | - Taro Yasuma
- 1 Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine Mie, Mie University , Tsu, Japan .,4 Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Mie University , Tsu, Japan
| | - Kota Nishihama
- 4 Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Mie University , Tsu, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kobayashi
- 5 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Mie, Mie University , Tsu, Japan
| | | | - Hirokazu Kawagishi
- 6 Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Esteban C Gabazza
- 1 Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine Mie, Mie University , Tsu, Japan
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Yang X, Xue L, Zhao Q, Cai C, Liu QH, Shen J. Nelumbo nucifera leaves extracts inhibit mouse airway smooth muscle contraction. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:159. [PMID: 28320373 PMCID: PMC5359798 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Alkaloids extracted from lotus leaves (AELL) can relax vascular smooth muscle. However, whether AELL has a similar relaxant role on airway smooth muscle (ASM) remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the relaxant property of AELL on ASM and the underlying mechanism. Methods Alkaloids were extracted from dried lotus leaves using the high temperature rotary evaporation extraction method. The effects of AELL on mouse ASM tension were studied using force measuring and patch-clamp techniques. Results It was found that AELL inhibited the high K+ or acetylcholine chloride (ACh)-induced precontraction of mouse tracheal rings by 64.8 ± 2.9%, or 48.8 ± 4.7%, respectively. The inhibition was statistically significant and performed in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, AELL-induced smooth muscle relaxation was partially mediated by blocking voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCC) and non-selective cation channels (NSCC). Conclusion AELL, which plays a relaxant role in ASM, might be a new complementary treatment to treat abnormal contractions of the trachea and asthma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1674-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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11
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Yu M, Jia HM, Cui FX, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Yang MH, Zou ZM. The Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine Formula mKG on Allergic Asthma by Regulating Lung and Plasma Metabolic Alternations. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030602. [PMID: 28287417 PMCID: PMC5372618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway and is characterized by airway remodeling, hyperresponsiveness, and shortness of breath. Modified Kushen Gancao Formula (mKG), derived from traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCM), has been demonstrated to have good therapeutic effects on experimental allergic asthma. However, its anti-asthma mechanism remains currently unknown. In the present work, metabolomics studies of biochemical changes in the lung tissue and plasma of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma mice with mKG treatment were performed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). Partial least squares–discriminate analysis (PLS−DA) indicated that the metabolic perturbation induced by OVA was reduced after mKG treatment. A total of twenty-four metabolites involved in seven metabolic pathways were identified as potential biomarkers in the development of allergic asthma. Among them, myristic acid (L3 or P2), sphinganine (L6 or P4), and lysoPC(15:0) (L12 or P16) were detected both in lung tissue and plasma. Additionally, l-acetylcarnitine (L1), thromboxane B2 (L2), 10-HDoHE (L10), and 5-HETE (L11) were first reported to be potential biomarkers associated with allergic asthma. The treatment of mKG mediated all of those potential biomarkers except lysoPC(15:0) (P16). The anti-asthma mechanism of mKG can be achieved through the comprehensive regulation of multiple perturbed biomarkers and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hong-Mei Jia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Feng-Xia Cui
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Mao-Hua Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhong-Mei Zou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Lee E, Kim SG, Park NY, Park HH, Jeong KT, Choi J, Lee IH, Lee H, Kim KJ, Lee E. KOTMIN13, a Korean herbal medicine alleviates allergic inflammation in vivo and in vitro. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:169. [PMID: 27267050 PMCID: PMC4896024 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The ethanol extract of KOTMIN13, composed of Inula japonica Flowers, Trichosanthes kirilowii Semen, Peucedanum praeruptorum Radix, and Allium macrostemon Bulbs, was investigated for its anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activities. Methods The anti-asthmatic effects of KOTMIN13 were evaluated on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine asthma model. Anti-allergic properties of KOTMIN13 in bone-marrow derived mast cells (BMMC) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in vivo were also examined. Results In asthma model, KOTMIN13 effectively suppressed airway hyperresponsiveness induced by aerosolized methacholine when compared to the levels of OVA-induced mice. KOTMIN13 treatment reduced the total leukocytes, eosinophil percentage, and Th2 cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in OVA-induced mice. The increased levels of eotaxin and Th2 cytokines in the lung as well as serum IgE were decreased by KOTMIN13. The histological analysis shows that the increased inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus secretion were also reduced. In addition, the degranulation and leukotriene C4 production were inhibited in BMMC with IC50 values of 3.9 μg/ml and 1.7 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, KOTMIN13 treatment attenuated mast-mediated PCA reaction. Conclusions These results demonstrate that KOTMIN13 has anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic effects in vivo and in vitro models.
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Han X, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Long Y. Hydroxysafflor yellow A improves established monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:569-84. [PMID: 27059291 PMCID: PMC5536702 DOI: 10.1177/0300060515597931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the beneficial effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in rats, and to investigate the main pathophysiological mechanism of HSYA in preventing development of MCT-induced PAH. Methods Four groups (control, control with HSYA treatment, MCT-exposed, and MCT-exposed with HSYA treatment) were evaluated at day 28 following MCT exposure. Haemodynamic measurements, right ventricular hypertrophy, morphometry, inflammatory cytokines and oxidant expression were assessed. Results HSYA significantly reduced haemodynamic changes, right ventricular hypertrophy and morphometric changes induced by exposure to MCT. HYSA also suppressed MCT-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in rat pulmonary tissue. Conclusions Experimental MCT-induced PAH may be reduced by HSYA treatment, and the mechanism may involve suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Han
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan province, China
| | - Yixiong Zhang
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan province, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan province, China
| | - Xingwen Zhang
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan province, China
| | - Yanfei Long
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan province, China
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Li J, Zhang F, Li J. The Immunoregulatory Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Treatment of Asthma or Asthmatic Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:1059-81. [PMID: 26364661 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory symptoms with variable airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and causes high economic burden. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long-lasting history of using herbal medicine in the treatment of various respiratory diseases including asthma. In the last several decades, an increasing number of herbs have been shown to be effective in the treatment of asthma in clinical trials or asthmatic inflammation in animal models. Literature about the effects of TCM on the immune system were searched in electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus from 2000 to 2014. 'TCM' and 'asthma' were used as keywords for the searches. Over 400 literatures were searched and the literatures about the immune system were selected and reviewed. We only reviewed literatures published in English. Accumulating evidence suggests that TCM can directly inhibit the activation and migration of inflammatory cells, regulate the balance of Th1/Th2 responses, and suppress allergic hyperreactivity through inducing regulatory T cells or attenuating the function of dendritic cells (DCs). These studies provided useful information to facilitate the use of TCM to treat asthma. This review was conducted to classify the findings based on their possible mechanisms of action reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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Evaluation of propolis, honey, and royal jelly in amelioration of peripheral blood leukocytes and lung inflammation in mouse conalbumin-induced asthma model. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 22:780-8. [PMID: 26587007 PMCID: PMC4625423 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee products have been used since ancient times to treat many diseases, including respiratory ailments. The present study aimed to examine the modulatory effect of honey, royal jelly, and propolis extract on peripheral blood leukocytes and lung inflammation in a mouse conalbumin-induced asthma model. The mice in group I were not sensitised or treated; they were kept as controls. The mice in group II were sensitised and challenged with conalbumin. Twenty-four hours after the first challenge with antigen, the mice in group III received 0.5 mg/kg of dexamethasone intraperitoneally per day for 18 consecutive days and kept as positive controls. The mice in groups IV, V, and VI received 650, 1000, and 30 mg/kg of honey, royal jelly, and propolis (aqueous and ethanolic extract), respectively, once per day for 18 consecutive days. Blood was collected from all of the mice for white blood cell differentiation, and the lungs were removed for histopathological studies. The groups treated with propolis extract exhibited considerable ameliorative effects against asthma, which might be explained by the flavonoids and phenolics found in propolis, which might have antioxidative effects. Otherwise, the sensitised and honey- or royal jelly-treated groups exhibited an increased incidence of asthma cascade events due to increased inflammatory cells. These results might be due to the immunostimulatory and vasodilatory effects of royal jelly and honey, which are antagonistic to bronchial asthma cases. Histopathological examination revealed that the sensitised treated propolis extract groups had significant decreases in inflammatory scores compared with other treatments and the sensitised untreated group. These results confirmed the previous data of peripheral blood cells.
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Tang W, Xie Q, Guan J, Jin S, Zhao Y. Phytochemical profiles and biological activity evaluation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim seed against asthma in murine models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:444-450. [PMID: 24495470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim seed (ZBMS) has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as an ingredient of polyherbal formulations for the treatment of inflammation and asthma. The aim of this study was to analyze the major composition and to evaluate the anti-asthma activity of ZBMS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Some murine models including acetylcholine/histamine-induced asthma, ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation, ear edema and toe swelling measurement, citric acid-induced cough, and anti-stress abilities were investigated to fully study the anti-asthma activity of ZBMS.GC chromatography was also performed to analyze the major fatty acid composition of ZBMS. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the major fatty acid composition of ZBMS includes oleic acid (20.15%), linoleic acid (26.54%), and α-linolenic acid (30.57%), which was the leading component of ZBMS, and that the total fatty acid content of ZBMS was 77.27%. The murine models demonstrated that ZBMS displays a protective effect on guinea pig sensitization, a dose-dependent inhibition of the increases in RL and decreases in Cdyn, which resulted in the relief of auricle edema and toe swelling in mice and anti-stress activity. CONCLUSION Our results validate the traditional use of ZBMS for the treatment of asthma and other inflammatory joint disorders, and suggest that ZBMS has potential as a new therapeutic agent for asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People׳s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Qiangmin Xie
- Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of State Food and Drug Administration of China, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Jian Guan
- Liaoning Province Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang 110015, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Saihong Jin
- Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of State Food and Drug Administration of China, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People׳s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People׳s Republic of China.
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Yang N, Liang B, Srivastava K, Zeng J, Zhan J, Brown L, Sampson H, Goldfarb J, Emala C, Li XM. The Sophora flavescens flavonoid compound trifolirhizin inhibits acetylcholine induced airway smooth muscle contraction. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 95:259-267. [PMID: 23993294 PMCID: PMC4118489 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a serious health problem worldwide, particularly in industrialized countries. Despite a better understanding of the pathophysiology of asthma, there are still considerable gaps in knowledge as well as a need for classes of drugs. ASHMI™ (Anti-asthma Herbal Medicine Intervention) is an aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) P. Karst (Ling Zhi), Sophora flavescens Aiton (Ku Shen) and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC (Gan Cao). It prevents allergic asthma airway hyper-reactivity in mice and inhibits acetylcholine (ACh) induced airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction in tracheal rings from allergic asthmatic mice. The purpose of this research was to identify individual herb(s) and their active compound(s) that inhibit ASM contraction. It was found that S. flavescens, but not G. lucidum or G. uralensis aqueous extracts, inhibited ASM contraction in tracheal rings from asthmatic mice. Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of flavonoid fractions/compound(s) via methylene chloride extraction, preparative HPLC fractionation, and LC-MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses showed that trifolirhizin is an active constituent that inhibits acetylcholine mediated ASM contraction or directly relaxes pre-contracted ASM independent of β2-adrenoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Chinese Herbal Therapy for Asthma and Allergy, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Banghao Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Chinese Herbal Therapy for Asthma and Allergy, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Kamal Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Chinese Herbal Therapy for Asthma and Allergy, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Jia Zeng
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Jixun Zhan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322
| | - LaVerne Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Chinese Herbal Therapy for Asthma and Allergy, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Hugh Sampson
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Chinese Herbal Therapy for Asthma and Allergy, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Joseph Goldfarb
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Charles Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Chinese Herbal Therapy for Asthma and Allergy, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322
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Yang B, Li J, Liu X, Ma L, Deng L, Liu J, Liu Z, Ji Q. Herbal Formula-3 inhibits food allergy in rats by stabilizing mast cells through modulating calcium mobilization. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:576-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Srivastava K, Sampson HA, Emala CW, Li XM. The anti-asthma herbal medicine ASHMI acutely inhibits airway smooth muscle contraction via prostaglandin E2 activation of EP2/EP4 receptors. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L1002-10. [PMID: 24163140 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00423.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that the anti-asthma traditional Chinese medicine herbal formula ASHMI (anti-asthma simplified herbal medicine intervention) inhibits acetylcholine-induced contractions of tracheal rings from ovalbumin-sensitized and naive mice in a β-adrenoceptor-independent manner. We sought to determine whether acute in vivo ASHMI administration inhibits airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in a murine model of allergic asthma and acetylcholine-induced tracheal ring constriction ex vivo and to elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying these effects. Ovalbumin-sensitized mice received a single oral ASHMI dose 2 h before intravenous acetylcholine challenge. AHR was determined by invasive airway measurements. Myography was used to determine the effects of ASHMI on acetylcholine-induced constriction of tracheal rings from asthmatic mice with or without epithelial denudation. The effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition and EP2/EP4 receptor blockade on ASHMI attenuation of acetylcholine contractions was evaluated. Tracheal cAMP and PGE2 levels were measured by ELISA. A single acute oral dose of ASHMI dramatically reduced AHR in response to acetylcholine provocation in ovalbumin-sensitized mice (P < 0.001). In ex vivo experiments, ASHMI significantly and dose-dependently reduced tracheal ring constriction to acetylcholine (P < 0.05-0.001), which was epithelium independent and associated with elevated cAMP levels. This effect was abrogated by cyclooxygenase inhibition or EP2/EP4 receptor blockade. ASHMI also inhibited contraction to high K(+) (P < 0.001). ASHMI increased tracheal ring PGE2 release in response to acetylcholine or high K(+) (P < 0.05 for both). ASHMI produced direct and acute inhibition of AHR in vivo and blocked acetylcholine-induced tracheal ring constriction via the EP2/EP4 receptor pathway, identifying the mechanism by which ASHMI is an orally active bronchoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Srivastava
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574.
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Kim MJ, Lim C, Lee JY, Im KR, Yoon KS, Song JM. Visible-to-near IR quantum dot-based hypermulticolor high-content screening of herbal medicines for the efficacy monitoring of hair growth promotion and hair loss inhibition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [PMID: 23190736 DOI: 10.1177/1087057112464574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in alopecia prevention strategies, as the number of alopecia patients is increasing. We examine the efficacy of herbal medicine for hair growth promotion/hair loss inhibition in two cell lines via Western blot and high-content screening (HCS). Nine herbal extracts were obtained from three different herbal medicine mixtures using 3 different extraction methods. Five target proteins-IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1), TGF-β2 (transforming growth factor-β2), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), DKK-1 (Dickkopf-1), and Wnt5α-were observed for the assessment of hair growth promotion/hair loss inhibition efficacy. The efficacies of nine extracts were compared with minoxidil as control. Efficacy was defined as a rise in the expression levels of IGF-1, VEGF, and Wnt5α but a decrease in DKK-1 and TGF-β2. Intracellular concurrent imaging of these proteins was successfully achieved using HCS, employing visible-to-near infrared probing based on quantum-antibody conjugates and hypermulticolor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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IgE, COX-2, and IL-4 are expressed by DEHP through p38 MAPK and suppressed by plant glycoprotein (75 kDa) in ICR mice. Inflammation 2012; 34:326-34. [PMID: 20686831 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-010-9238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of glycoprotein isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau (CTB glycoprotein) on di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced allergic inflammatory response in mice. We evaluated the activity of β-hexosaminidase, expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and activator protein (AP)-1, and production of immunoglobulin (Ig)E and interleukin (IL)-4 in DEHP-treated RBL-2H3 cells and ICR mice. Our results revealed that the CTB glycoprotein inhibited the activity of β-hexosaminidase and production of IgE and IL-4 in serum from DEHP-treated mice. We also found that the CTB glycoprotein reduced arachidonic acid release, COX-2 expression, and AP-1 transcriptional activation through p38 MAPK phosphorylation in DEHP-treated RBL-2H3 cells. The activation of AP-1 was completely blocked by treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor (SKF86002). The results from these experiments indicate that CTB glycoprotein effectively protects against the allergic inflammation response, mainly through downregulation of MAPK/AP-1 in the mast cell degranulation stage. In conclusion, we suggest that the CTB glycoprotein may be one component of health supplements for the prevention of allergic inflammation.
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Gilissen LJWJ, Gao ZS, Chen Z. Multidisciplinary Approaches to Allergy Prevention. MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES TO ALLERGIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-31609-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yue GGL, Chan BCL, Kwok HF, To MH, Hon KL, Fung KP, Lau CBS, Leung PC. Screening for Anti-inflammatory and Bronchorelaxant Activities of 12 Commonly Used Chinese Herbal Medicines. Phytother Res 2011; 26:915-25. [PMID: 22105892 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace G. L. Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Ben C. L. Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Hin-Fai Kwok
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Ming-Ho To
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Kam-Lun Hon
- Department of Pediatrics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Clara B. S. Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
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Natural products and the search for novel vaccine adjuvants. Vaccine 2011; 29:6464-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Alleviation of OVA-induced airway inflammation by flowers of Inula japonica in a murine model of asthma. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011; 75:871-6. [PMID: 21597181 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The flowers of Inula japonica (Inulae Flos) have long been used in traditional medicine for treating inflammatory diseases. The effects on OVA-induced asthmatic mice of an Inulae Flos extract (IFE) were evaluated in this study. The anti-asthmatic effects of IFE were determined by observing eosinophil recruitment, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), Th2 cytokine and IgE levels, and lung histopathology. The IFE treatment effectively reduced the percentage of eosinophils and Th2 cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) when compared to the levels in OVA-induced mice. IFE also suppressed AHR induced by aerosolized methacholine in OVA-induced mice. The results of the histopathological studies indicate that inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus hypersecretion were both inhibited by the IFE administration when compared to the effect on OVA-induced mice. The IFE treatment also suppressed the serum IgE levels and decreased Th2 cytokines in the supernatant of cultured splenocytes. These results suggest that IFE may have therapeutic potential against asthma.
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Inhibitory effects of Zuo-Jin-Wan and its alkaloidal ingredients on activator protein 1, nuclear factor-κB, and cellular transformation in HepG2 cells. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:696-703. [PMID: 21356280 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zuo-Jin-Wan (ZJW) has been used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia. This study was to determine whether ZJW and its components blocked activator protein 1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activities as well as tumor promotion in hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. ZJW and its components, Coptis chinensis and Evodia rutaecarpa, inhibited AP-1 and NF-κB activities, and suppressed anchorage-independent growth of HepG2 cells. The major alkaloidal ingredients, berberine and evodiamine, inhibited AP-1 activities and/or NF-κB activation, and further suppressed hepatocellular transformation. In conclusion, ZJW and its constituents, berberine and evodiamine, suppressed tumor promotion primarily through AP-1 and/or NF-κB pathways in HepG2 cells.
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Srivastava K, Zhang T, Yang N, Sampson H, Li XM. Anti-Asthma Simplified Herbal Medicine Intervention-induced long-lasting tolerance to allergen exposure in an asthma model is interferon-γ, but not transforming growth factor-β dependent. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 40:1678-88. [PMID: 20573156 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic allergic asthma is the result of a T-helper type 2 (Th2)-biased immune status. Current asthma therapies control symptoms in some patients, but a long-lasting therapy has not been established. Anti-Asthma Simplified Herbal Medicine Intervention (ASHMI™), a Chinese herbal formula, improved symptoms and lung function, and reduced Th2 responses in a controlled trial of patients with persistent moderate to severe asthma. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the persistence of ASHMI™ beneficial effects following therapy in a murine model of chronic asthma and the immunological mechanisms underlying such effects. Methods BALB/c mice sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA) received 3 weekly intratracheal OVA challenges to induce airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) and inflammation (OVA mice). Additionally, OVA mice were treated with ASHMI™ (OVA/ASHMI™) or water (OVA/sham) for 4 weeks, and then challenged immediately and 8 weeks post-therapy. In other experiments, OVA mice received ASHMI™ treatment with concomitant neutralization of IFN-γ or TGF-β. Effects on airway responses, cytokine- and OVA-specific IgE levels were determined 8 weeks post-therapy. RESULTS Before treatment, OVA mice exhibited AHR and pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation following OVA challenge, which was almost completely resolved immediately after completing treatment with ASHMI™ and did not re-occur following OVA re-challenge up to 8 weeks post-therapy. Decreased allergen-specific IgE and Th2 cytokine levels, and increased IFN-γ levels also persisted at least 8 weeks post-therapy. ASHMI™ effects were eliminated by the neutralization of IFN-γ, but not TGF-β, during therapy. CONCLUSION ASHMI™ induced long-lasting post-therapy tolerance to antigen-induced inflammation and AHR. IFN-γ is a critical factor in ASHMI™ effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy & Immunology, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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Lin CH, Wang MH, Chung HY, Liu CF. Effects of acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on children with asthma. J Asthma 2010; 47:1116-22. [PMID: 21039208 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2010.514640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (AL-TENS) on children with asthma. METHODS After an 8-week run-in period, the experimental group were assigned to treatment with AL-TENS, whereas the control group did not receive AL-TENS. A total of 43 children with asthma were recruited from a hospital and an elementary school. All the cases had been diagnosed as having asthma by physicians. The outcome measures included pulmonary function tests (PFTs), heart rate turbulence (HRT), heart rate variability (HRV), and pediatric asthma quality-of-life questionnaire (PAQLQ). RESULTS After 8 weeks of AL-TENS, there were no significant differences on forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV₁/FVC, and peak expiratory flows (PEFs) between the two groups. The HRT is the physiological, biphasic response of the sinus node to premature ventricular contractions. In the experimental group, the mean HRT was statistically significant between pretest and posttest. The HRV and the PAQLQ showed no difference, but in the experimental group, the subscale of the PAQLQ (particularly activity) improved significantly more than the pretest scores. Furthermore, there were no differences in PFTs and HRV after 8 weeks of AL-TENS between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The PAQLQ activities of the experimental group improved significantly more than those of the control group. Reasons may include: 1) the asthma cases were stable and the cases were on stable status and 2) the degree of airway remodeling was less. It is suggested that in the future, treatment frequency and the long-term follow-up for evaluating the effects of AL-TENS on children with asthma should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Hsien Lin
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Oh PS, Lim KT. Anti-inflammatory effect of glycoprotein isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau: involvement of MAPK/NF-κB signaling. Immunol Invest 2010; 40:76-91. [PMID: 20923328 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2010.516049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate inhibitory effect of glycoprotein isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau (CTB glycoprotein) on allergic responses. We evaluated the activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), transcriptional factor, and production of immunoglobulin (Ig)E and interleukin (IL)-4 in RBL-2H3 cells and BALB/c mice. Our results showed that CTB glycoprotein inhibited the production of IgE and IL-4 in serum from ovalbumin (OVA)-treated BALB/c mice. We also found that CTB glycoprotein inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and transcriptional activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in RBL-2H3 cells. The activation of NF-κB was effectively blocked by treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor (SKF86002). The results from these experiments indicate that the CTB glycoprotein inhibits release of β-hexosaminidase, and production of IgE and IL-4 via down regulation of MAPK/ NF-κB on the stage of mast cell degranulation. In conclusion, we suggest that the CTB glycoprotein might be a potent preventive agent in allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil-Sun Oh
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Institute and Center for the Control of Animal Hazards Using Biotechnology (BK21), Chonnam National University, Gwang-ju 500-757, South Korea
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Liou CJ, Huang WC, Kuo ML, Yang RC, Shen JJ. Long-term oral administration of Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract attenuates airway inflammation and Th2 cell activities in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2592-8. [PMID: 20558230 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Our previous report demonstrated that the oral administration of short-term high dose Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract (5 g/kg per day for 7days) decreased allergic reactions in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. The aim of this study was to determine whether long-term oral administration of G. pentaphyllum attenuated airway inflammation in OVA-sensitized mice. Mice were sensitized and challenged with normal saline or OVA. OVA-sensitized mice were fed with 1.75 g/kg (low dose, GPL) or 5 g/kg (high dose, GPH) G. pentaphyllum extract, five days a week for 4 weeks. The airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were examined. The cytokine levels or antibodies in BALF, serum and spleen cell culture supernatants were also determined. Both high and low dose extracts reduced AHR, serum OVA-IgE, and Th2-associated cytokine levels in spleen cell supernatants and BALF in OVA-sensitized mice. These results show that long-term orally administered G. pentaphyllum extract reduced allergic reactions in OVA-sensitized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian-Jiun Liou
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC
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Busse PJ, Schofield B, Birmingham N, Yang N, Wen MC, Zhang T, Srivastava K, Li XM. The traditional Chinese herbal formula ASHMI inhibits allergic lung inflammation in antigen-sensitized and antigen-challenged aged mice. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2010; 104:236-46. [PMID: 20377113 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although asthma is typically characterized as a childhood disease, it can develop later in life. Older asthmatic patients may be at increased risk for corticosteroid adverse effects. We developed a novel traditional Chinese medicine to treat asthma called antiasthma simplified herbal medicine intervention (ASHMI). Herbal products may offer safer adjunctive treatment for older asthmatic patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of ASHMI on characteristics of allergic asthma in an aged mouse model of asthma. METHODS BALB/c mice (6 weeks old [young] and 6, 12, and 18 months old [aged]) received ASHMI treatment before and during intraperitoneal ovalbumin sensitization and intratracheal challenges. The control groups were untreated, age-matched, ovalbumin-sensitized and ovalbumin-challenged mice (ovalbumin mice) and naive mice. After the final antigen challenge, airway pressure (defined as the time-integrated change in peak airway pressure) after acetylcholine provocation was measured, representing airway hyperresponsiveness, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, sera, lung tissues for histologic analysis, messenger RNA, and collagen were collected. RESULTS Mean time-integrated change in peak airway pressure values in 6-week-old and 6-, 12-, and 18-month-old ASHMI ovalbumin mice were significantly reduced compared with those of age-matched, nontreated ovalbumin mice. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophil numbers were significantly lower in all ASHMI ovalbumin mice. Treatment with ASHMI of young and aged ovalbumin mice resulted in significantly decreased lung inflammation, detected via hematoxylin-eosin staining; airway mucous cell metaplasia, determined by means of periodic acid-Schiff staining; and messenger RNA copy numbers of the mucin gene MUC5AC. Levels of ovalbumin specific IgE and the T(H)2 cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 in lung and splenocyte cultures were reduced. Interferon gamma secretion was increased. Treatment with ASHMI reduced collagen production. CONCLUSION Treatment with ASHMI reduces several features of asthma in aged antigen-sensitized and antigen-challenged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Busse
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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Oh PS, Lim KT. Modulatory effects of phytoglycoprotein (75 kDa) on allergic inflammatory cytokines in Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:124-31. [PMID: 19885859 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the inhibitory effect of a glycoprotein isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau (CTB glycoprotein) on di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced mast cell degranulation and related signaling cascade in RBL-2H3 cells. This experiment evaluated the intracellular Ca(2+) level, and the activities of protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), transcription factor, and the cytokines in DEHP-treated RBL-2H3 cells. Our results revealed that the CTB glycoprotein in the presence of DEHP inhibits the release of histamine and expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in RBL-2H3 cells. We also found that the CTB glycoprotein inhibits the intracellular Ca(2+) level, translocation of PKC from cytosol to membrane and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in cells. Moreover, the CTB glycoprotein (100 microg/ml) has suppressive effects on transcriptional activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB in DEHP-treated RBL-2H3 cells. The activation of NF-kappaB was collectively blocked by treatment with PKC inhibitor (staurosporine) as well as ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059), respectively. The results from these experiments indicated that the CTB glycoprotein inhibits release of histamine and expressions of IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-alpha via down regulations of PKC/MAPK and NF-kappaB on the stage of mast cell degranulation induced by DEHP. Moreover, oral administration of CTB glycoprotein (10-20 mg/kg) inhibited compound 48/80-mediated systemic reaction in mice. In conclusion, we speculated that the CTB glycoprotein might be one component for preparation of health supplements for prevention of allergic immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil-Sun Oh
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Institute and Center for the Control of Animal Hazards Using Biotechnology (BK21), Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Gwang-ju 500-757, South Korea
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Lee SH, Sohn YS, Kang KK, Kwon JW, Yoo M. Inhibitory effect of DA-9201, an extract of Oryza sativa L., on airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in mouse asthma model. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 29:1148-53. [PMID: 16755008 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is one of the major public health problems worldwide and the morbidity and mortality of asthma has increased in the past two decades. Accumulating data suggest that unnecessary immune responses and inflammation should be suppressed to treat asthma. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-asthmatic effects of DA-9201, an ethanolic extract of black rice (Oryza sativa L. var japonica), on an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse model of asthma. Balb/c mice immunized with OVA were administered with DA-9201 (30, 100 or 300 mg/kg, p.o.) or dexamethasone (3 mg/kg, p.o.) and challenged with 1% aerosolized OVA for 30 min. The effects on airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), antibody profiles and cytokines were evaluated. DA-9201 treatment significantly reduced the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and ameliorated the AHR. Lung histological features also showed that DA-9201 reduced airway inflammation. Furthermore, DA-9201 treatment decreased IFN-gamma as well as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 levels in the supernatant of cultured splenocytes, and suppressed the level of OVA-specific IgG, IgG2a, IgG1 and total IgE in plasma. DA-9201 showed anti-asthmatic effects by suppressing unnecessary immune responses, airway inflammation, eosinophilia, AHR and IgE level. These results suggest DA-9201 might be beneficial for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ho Lee
- Research Institutes, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Yongin, Kyunggi, South Korea
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Kelly-Pieper K, Patil SP, Busse P, Yang N, Sampson H, Li XM, Wisnivesky JP, Kattan M. Safety and tolerability of an antiasthma herbal Formula (ASHMI) in adult subjects with asthma: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation phase I study. J Altern Complement Med 2009; 15:735-43. [PMID: 19586409 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2008.0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complementary and alternative medicines are increasingly used for the treatment of asthma in Western countries. A novel three-herb antiasthma herbal medicine intervention (ASHMI; Sino-Lion Pharmaceutical Company; Shan Dong China) was demonstrated to be effective and safe in a murine model of asthma and in a preliminary clinical study in China. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of ASHMI in adult subjects with allergic asthma. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose escalation, phase I trial aimed at developing a botanical drug under the United States Food and Drug Administration Investigational New Drug title. INTERVENTIONS Subjects received one of three doses of ASHMI or placebo: 600 mg (2 capsules); 1200 mg (4 capsules); or 1800 mg (6 capsules) twice daily for 1 week. Four (4) ASHMI and 2 placebo subjects were treated at each dose level. Subjects continued to use their conventional asthma medications for the duration of the study. OUTCOME MEASURES Vital signs, physical examination, laboratory data, and electrocardiogram data were monitored throughout the study to assess occurrence of adverse events (AEs). Immunomodulatory studies were performed to evaluate the effect of ASHMI on cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor levels. RESULTS Twenty (20) nonsmoking, allergic subjects with asthma were included in the study. Eight (8) subjects (4 ASHMI and 4 placebo) reported mild gastrointestinal symptoms. No grade 3 AEs were observed during the study period. Vital signs, electrocardiogram findings, and laboratory results obtained at pre- and post-treatment visits remained within normal range. No abnormal immunologic alterations were detected. CONCLUSION In this phase I study, ASHMI appeared to be safe and well tolerated by subjects with asthma. These findings allowed initiation of a larger phase II study to assess the efficacy of ASHMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Kelly-Pieper
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Oh PS, Lim KT. Suppressive effect of CTB glycoprotein (75 kDa) on IL-4 expression in primary-cultured lymphocytes treated with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 380:115-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-009-0423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Li XM, Wang QF, Schofield B, Lin J, Huang SK, Wang Q. Modulation of antigen-induced anaphylaxis in mice by a traditional chinese medicine formula, Guo Min Kang. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2009; 37:113-25. [PMID: 19222116 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x09006710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula, Guo Min Kang (GMK), has been used in clinics in China for allergic diseases, including type I immediate hypersensitivity, a potentially fatal disease, but its modulatory mechanism remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulatory mechanisms of GMK in a mouse model of Ag-induced anaphylaxis. Ag (conalbumin) sensitized mice were treated with either PBS (sham) or GMK before (schedule A) or during (schedule B) sensitization, and various anaphylactic parameters were measured following Ag challenge, including symptom score, cutaneous hypersensitivity response, mast cell degranulation, plasma histamine levels and the levels of specific IgE and T-cell responses. Systemic anaphylaxis was investigated in mice immediately following Ag challenge, and the results showed that GMK-treated mice from both treatment schedules A and B showed significantly reduced symptom scores when compared with the sham-treated group. The reduction in symptom score was associated with a significant reduction in the level of Ag-induced cutaneous immediate hypersensitivity. Also, GMK was able to suppress Ag-induced IgE production and T-cell responses, while it spares mitogen (Con A)-induced T-cell response. Further, treatment of mice with GMK abrogated the levels of Ag-induced histamine release and significantly reduced the number of degranulated mast cells. No effect of GMK was observed on the levels of total IgE and plasma histamine in naive mice. These results provide a basis for the modulation effect of GMK and suggest a potential utility of GMK as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Min Li
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Li XM, Brown L. Efficacy and mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicines for treating asthma and allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:297-306; quiz 307-8. [PMID: 19203653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although corticosteroids and beta(2)-agonists are effective in managing asthma symptoms, a curative therapy for asthma is lacking. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), used in Asia for centuries, is beginning to play a role in Western health care as a complementary and alternative medicine modality. There is increasing scientific evidence supporting the use of TCM for asthma treatment. OBJECTIVE This review article discusses promising TCM interventions for asthma and explores their possible mechanisms of action. METHODS We first reviewed 5 clinical studies of antiasthma TCM herbal remedies published between 2005 and 2007. We then summarized possible mechanisms underlying their effects on the basis of data in the original articles, published abstracts, and available databases. Possible mechanisms include anti-inflammation, inhibition of airway smooth muscle contraction, and immunomodulation. Research on TCM herbal therapy for food allergy is rare, and we therefore focused on the effect and mechanism of action of food allergy herbal formula-2 on a murine model of peanut allergy and preliminary clinical study results. CONCLUSION Evidence from clinical studies supports beneficial effects of TCM herbal therapy on asthma. A number of mechanisms may be responsible for efficacy of these agents. Strong preclinical study data suggest the potential efficacy of food allergy herbal formula-2 for food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Caruso M, Frasca G, Di Giuseppe PL, Pennisi A, Tringali G, Bonina FP. Effects of a new nutraceutical ingredient on allergen-induced sulphidoleukotrienes production and CD63 expression in allergic subjects. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:1781-6. [PMID: 18817894 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Revised: 08/02/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases represent conditions affecting millions of individuals across the world. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential anti-allergic effects of a new nutraceutical ingredient, Pantescal (Bionap, Italy), contained in different food supplements. Pantescal is a mixture of plant extracts, such as Capparis spinosa, Olea europaea, Panax Ginseng and Ribes nigrum. The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled design. 60 patients allergic to common aeroallergens were chosen. Allergic patients were divided into two groups: one group was supplemented by Pantescal and the other, using a placebo formulation. Two in vitro tests were performed on blood samples taken from patients before and at 2 h, 2, 3 and 10 days after supplementation: cellular antigen stimulation test (CAST) was used to analyze the amount of sulphidoleukotrienes (SLT) production and flow-cytometric antigen stimulation test (FAST) to measure expression of basophil degranulation marker (CD63) was also performed. CAST showed that after 2 and 3 days, a slight decrease of SLT production was evident but only after 10 days did it become significant with a percentage of inhibition (P.I)=43.3%. FAST revealed that there were no statistical differences for the first 2 days after supplementation although there was an inhibitory trend in the supplemented patients. CD63 expression was significantly reduced after 10 days (P.I.=64.8%). This study suggests that Pantescal is effective in reducing allergic biomarkers such as CD63 protein and SLT in atopic subjects. The higher inhibitory effect on CD63 expression compared to SLT production allows us to hypothesize cell membrane stabilization as the main potential mechanism to explain the observed Pantescal protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caruso
- Istituto Ricerca Medica e Ambientale Via Paolo Vasta 158/c 95024 Acireale (CT), Italy.
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Huang WC, Kuo ML, Li ML, Yang RC, Liou CJ, Shen JJ. Gynostemma pentaphyllum decreases allergic reactions in a murine asthmatic model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2008; 36:579-92. [PMID: 18543390 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x08005990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of asthma in developing countries emphasizes the importance of identifying more effective treatments that have low cost. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (Cucurbitaceae), a common herbal tea in China, has been used to treat lung inflammation. Since the Th2 cytokines are the major mediators in the pathogenesis of asthma, Th1-biased immune responses caused by G. pentaphyllum might have the potential to relieve asthmatic symptoms. We hypothesized that oral administration of G. pentaphyllum extracts might suppress Th2 cytokine-induced airway inflammation responses in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitive mice. BALB/c mice were sensitized with intraperitoneal injection and challenged 3 times with OVA inhalation (IH) (the IH3 model). G. pentaphyllum was orally administered for 7 consecutive days before the end of the OVA challenge. In the IH5 model, 2 more OVA challenges were administered to mimic the encounter with an allergen after drug treatment. G. pentaphyllum extracts significantly attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inhibited eosinophil infiltration in mice in both models. Serum OVA-specific antibodies were also reduced with the treatment. Decreased Th2-type cytokines and increased IFN-gamma were detected in the cultures of OVA-activated splenocytes from treated mice. Our results suggest that G. pentaphyllum extracts might be beneficial for asthma airway inflammation through the suppression of Th2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Huang
- The Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Sec. 4, Ting-Chou Road, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
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Kuo ML. Attempts to bridge the gap between scientific mechanism-based medicine and Chinese herbal extract treatment for asthma. Pediatr Neonatol 2008; 49:101-2. [PMID: 19054913 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-9572(08)60022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Li XM, Srivastava K. Traditional Chinese medicine for the therapy of allergic disorders. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008; 14:191-6. [PMID: 16728899 DOI: 10.1097/01.moo.0000193199.40096.f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The trend of increasing prevalence of allergic diseases in westernized countries poses a significant health problem and lasting cures for them are often not available. Many suffering from allergies and asthma seek alternative therapies including traditional Chinese medicines, fueling a surge in western interest in traditional Chinese herbal remedies. Information regarding the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese herbal remedies is scant but studies appearing in English language journals are on the rise. This review summarizes the important publications focusing on traditional Chinese medicine therapies for allergic disorders in the year 2005. RECENT FINDINGS Very few studies describing well controlled clinical trials testing traditional Chinese herbal therapies for allergic diseases appeared in PubMed in 2005. Food allergy specifically does not seem to be a disorder traditionally recognized in the traditional Chinese medicine literature. Most in-vitro studies for anti-allergic properties of traditional Chinese herbs and formulas focus on mast cell inhibition. SUMMARY Clinical trials for anti-asthma traditional Chinese medicine formulas, anti-asthma herbal medicine intervention, anti-asthma herbal medicine intervention, and modified Mai Men Dong Tang, show promise as efficacious treatments for asthma. Food Allergy Herbal Formula-2 is a traditional Chinese medicine formula with good potential for a long-lasting treatment for food allergy. More rigorous studies are needed to fully elucidate the benefits and safety of traditional Chinese herbal medicines and the mechanisms that mediate their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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Busse PJ, Zhang TF, Srivastava K, Schofield B, Li XM. Effect of ageing on pulmonary inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and T and B cell responses in antigen-sensitized and -challenged mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:1392-403. [PMID: 17845421 PMCID: PMC2818115 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of ageing on several pathologic features of allergic asthma (pulmonary inflammation, eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion), and their relationship with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is not well characterized. OBJECTIVE To evaluate lung inflammation, mucus metaplasia and AHR in relationship with age in murine models of allergic asthma comparing young and older mice. METHODS Young (6 weeks) and older (6, 12, 18 months) BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). AHR and bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF), total inflammatory cell count and differential were measured. To evaluate mucus metaplasia, quantitative PCR for the major airway mucin-associated gene, MUC-5AC, from lung tissue was measured, and lung tissue sections stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) for goblet-cell enumeration. Lung tissue cytokine gene expression was determined by quantitative PCR, and systemic cytokine protein levels by ELISA from spleen-cell cultures. Antigen-specific serum IgE was determined by ELISA. RESULTS AHR developed in both aged and young OVA-sensitized/challenged mice (OVA mice), and was more significantly increased in young OVA mice than in aged OVA mice. However, BALF eosinophil numbers were significantly higher, and lung histology showed greater inflammation in aged OVA mice than in young OVA mice. MUC-5AC expression and numbers of PAS+ staining bronchial epithelial cells were significantly increased in the aged OVA mice. All aged OVA mice had increased IL-5 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression in the lung and IL-5 and IFN-gamma protein levels from spleen cell cultures compared with young OVA mice. OVA-IgE was elevated to a greater extent in aged OVA mice. CONCLUSIONS Although pulmonary inflammation and mucus metaplasia after antigen sensitization/challenge occurred to a greater degree in older mice, the increase in AHR was significantly less compared with younger OVA mice. Antigen treatment produced a unique cytokine profile in older mice (elevated IFN-gamma and IL-5) compared with young mice (elevated IL-4 and IL-13). Thus, the airway response to inflammation is lessened in ageing animals, and may represent age-associated events leading to different phenotypes in response to antigen provocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Busse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Li XM. Traditional Chinese herbal remedies for asthma and food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:25-31. [PMID: 17560638 PMCID: PMC2770266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Revised: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of allergic diseases in Westernized countries is a significant health problem. Curative therapies for these diseases are not available. There are also significant concerns regarding the potential side effects from the chronic use of conventional drugs such as corticosteroids, especially in children. Many patients with chronic allergic conditions seek complementary and alternative medicine therapies including traditional Chinese medicines. This trend has begun to attract interest from mainstream health care providers and scientific investigators and has stimulated government agencies in the United States to provide support and guidance for the scientific investigation of complementary and alternative medicine. This effort may lead to improved therapies and better health care/patient outcomes. This review presents an update on the most promising Chinese herbal remedies for asthma and food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I Opara
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK.
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Chang TT, Huang CC, Hsu CH. Inhibition of mite-induced immunoglobulin E synthesis, airway inflammation, and hyperreactivity by herbal medicine STA-1. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2007; 28:683-95. [PMID: 17190743 DOI: 10.1080/08923970601067409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The availability of STA-1 in suppressing allergen-induced immunoglobulin E (IgE) synthesis, airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in a murine model was investigated. The mice were intraperitoneally sensitized with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 5 allergen (Der p 5) and orally treated with 300 mg/kg of STA-1 every other day for 14 days. The Der p 5-specific immunologic responses including changes of specific immunoglobulin G and E, cells in the broncholarvage fluid, and airway hyperreactivity were measured when mice received inhalation challenge with Der p 5 after sensitization for 21 days. By comparing with sham-treated groups, the synthesis of Der p 5-specific IgE was downregulated while the influx of eosinophils and neutrophils in the airway were remarkably reduced. In addition, Der p 5-induced airway hyperreactivity also was significantly eliminated by STA-1 treatment. These results showed that STA-1 could effectively suppress the Der p 5-induced allergic reactions, and the availability of STA-1 for the treatment of allergic asthma was demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Ti Chang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lin JY, Chen ML, Lin BF. Ganoderma tsugae in vivo modulates Th1/Th2 and macrophage responses in an allergic murine model. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:2025-32. [PMID: 16905232 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that Ganoderma tsugae supplementation alleviates bronchoalveolar inflammation in an airway sensitization and challenge model with female BALB/c mice. However, the effects of G. tsugae supplementation in vivo on serum antibody levels, splenocyte and peritoneal microphage immune responses have not yet been determined. In this study, serum antibody levels, cytokines and splenocyte chemical mediators and peritoneal macrophage cultures from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and -challenged mice were examined after continuously consuming G. tsugae supplementation diets for 5 weeks. The results showed that OVA sensitization and challenge significantly (P<0.05) decreased the spontaneous production of IL-2 (Th1) cytokine, but significantly (P<0.05) increased spontaneous and OVA-stimulated IL-4 (Th2) production in splenocyte cultures from experimental mice. OVA administration significantly decreased both spontaneous and LPS/IFN-gamma-stimulated IL-1beta and IL-6 levels in peritoneal macrophage cultures from experimental mice. However, dietary supplementation with G. tsugae significantly increased spontaneous IL-2 level, but slightly decreased spontaneous IL-4 level in cultured splenocyte supernatants in the experimental groups. G. tsugae supplementation enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6 production in cultured peritoneal macrophages. However, the nitric oxide level from cultured peritoneal macrophages and serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG(2a) antibody levels was not significantly affected. These results suggest that OVA sensitization and challenge induced a Th2-skewed splenocyte response and decreased peritoneal macrophage cytokine secretion. G. tsugae supplementation in vivo modulated the Th1/Th2 balance and enhanced macrophage immune responses. However, the supplementation diet could not fully reverse the Th2-skewed responses to level of Th1-skewed responses.
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MESH Headings
- Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/diet therapy
- Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/immunology
- Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/pathology
- Animals
- Dietary Supplements
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Female
- Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/chemistry
- Ganoderma/chemistry
- Immunoglobulins/blood
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Interleukins/biosynthesis
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/cytology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mycelium/chemistry
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Phytotherapy
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/drug effects
- Th2 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yuarn Lin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chang TT, Huang CC, Hsu CH. Clinical evaluation of the Chinese herbal medicine formula STA-1 in the treatment of allergic asthma. Phytother Res 2006; 20:342-7. [PMID: 16619360 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although some formulae of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have been used for antiasthma treatment, few of them have had sufficient discussion on their efficacy, safety and mechanisms. In this study, the availability of the TCM formula STA-1 for the treatment of allergic asthma was investigated by conducting a double-blind, placebo-controlled and randomized trial. One hundred and twenty patients between the ages of 5 to 20 years with mild-to-moderate asthma were included. These patients were treated with either STA-1 or placebo in a dose of 80 g/kg/day and were administered twice daily for 6 months. The main outcome measures were a daily diary record of symptoms, supplementary bronchodilator and glucocorticoid treatment, changes of pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s), changes of total and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP)-specific IgE and side effects. The results showed a statistically significant reduction of symptom scores, systemic steroid dose, total IgE and specific IgE in the STA-1 group. Furthermore, STA-1 also improved the pulmonary lung function FEV(1) compared with the placebo group and only minimal side effects were shown. These results suggested that STA-1 is available for the treatment of mild-to-moderate chronic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Ti Chang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Negishi T, Kato Y, Ooneda O, Mimura J, Takada T, Mochizuki H, Yamamoto M, Fujii-Kuriyama Y, Furusako S. Effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling on the modulation of TH1/TH2 balance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 175:7348-56. [PMID: 16301641 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.11.7348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An orally active antiallergic agent, M50367, skews the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th1 dominance by suppressing naive Th cell differentiation into Th2 cells in vitro. Administration results in the suppression of IgE synthesis and peritoneal eosinophilia in vivo. In this report, we determined that M50354 (an active metabolite of M50367) was a ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR); the immunological effects of this compound on in vitro Th1/Th2 differentiation from naive Th cells and Th1/Th2 balance in vivo were manifested through binding to AhR. These effects were completely abolished in AhR-deficient mice. AhR expression in the naive Th cell was significantly up-regulated by costimulation of TCR and CD28. Suppression of naive Th cell differentiation into Th2 cells via binding of M50354 to AhR was associated with inhibition of GATA-3 expression in Th cells. In addition, forced expression of a constitutively active form of AhR or activation of AhR by the addition of representative ligands suppressed naive Th cell differentiation into Th2 cells. Based on these results, we conclude that AhR functions as a modulator of the in vivo Th1/Th2 balance through activation in naive Th cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Negishi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Shizuoka, Japan
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Henderson WR, Chiang GKS, Tien YT, Chi EY. Reversal of allergen-induced airway remodeling by CysLT1 receptor blockade. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 173:718-28. [PMID: 16387808 PMCID: PMC2662952 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200501-088oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Airway inflammation in asthma is accompanied by structural changes, including goblet cell metaplasia, smooth muscle cell layer thickening, and subepithelial fibrosis. This allergen-induced airway remodeling can be replicated in a mouse asthma model. OBJECTIVES The study goal was to determine whether established airway remodeling in a mouse asthma model is reversible by administration of the cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT)1 receptor antagonist montelukast, the corticosteroid dexamethasone, or the combination montelukast + dexamethasone. METHODS BALB/c mice, sensitized by intraperitoneal ovalbumin (OVA) as allergen, received intranasal OVA periodically Days 14-73 and montelukast or dexamethasone or placebo from Days 73-163. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Allergen-induced trafficking of eosinophils into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung interstitium and airway goblet cell metaplasia, smooth muscle cell layer thickening, and subepithelial fibrosis present on Day 73 persisted at Day 163, 3 mo after the last allergen challenge. Airway hyperreactivity to methacholine observed on Day 73 in OVA-treated mice was absent on Day 163. In OVA-treated mice, airway eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia were reduced by either montelukast or dexamethasone alone. Montelukast, but not dexamethasone, reversed the established increase in airway smooth muscle mass and subepithelial collagen deposition. By immunocytochemistry, CysLT1 receptor expression was significantly increased in airway smooth muscle cells in allergen-treated mice compared with saline-treated controls and was reduced by montelukast, but not dexamethasone, administration. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that established airway smooth muscle cell layer thickening and subepithelial fibrosis, key allergen-induced airway structural changes not modulated by corticosteroids, are reversible by CysLT1 receptor blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Henderson
- Center for Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 815 Mercer Street, Seattle, WA 98109-8050, USA.
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