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Neocleous D, Savvas D, Giannothanasis E, Ntatsi G. Partial substitution of nitrate by chloride in fertigation recipes allows for lower nitrate input in hydroponic lettuce crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1411572. [PMID: 39114473 PMCID: PMC11304451 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1411572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The management of nitrogen (N) fertilization is of fundamental importance in hydroponics. To reduce the supply of nitrate (NO3 -) in fertigation recipes for Batavia lettuce crops grown in closed hydroponics, partial replacement of nitrate by chloride (NO3 -/Cl-) at different ratios but with the same equivalent sum was experimentally tested. The experiment included four nutritional treatments in the replenishment nutrient solution, particularly T1; 0.7 mM Cl-/19 mM NO3 -, T2; 2 mM Cl-/17.7 mM NO3 -, T3; 4 mM Cl-/15.7 mM NO3 - and T4; 6 mM Cl-/13.7 mM NO3 -. The results showed that reducing nitrate supply combined with equivalent increase in chloride application gradually reduced the gap between nitrate input and nitrogen uptake concentrations, with the smallest differences occurring in T4 treatment, which reduced the nitrate concentration in the drainage by 50%. The tested treatments led to very small variations in plant water uptake, production of fresh biomass and nutritional quality, which is justified by the proper functioning of key physiological mechanisms, such as stomatal conductance, which was followed by an increased efficiency of nitrogen use up to 25% (kg fresh biomass kg-1 N supply). The steady level of C/N ratio in the plant tissue irrespective of NO3 -/Cl- supply ratio points to sufficiency in photosynthetic products and adequacy in the supply of nitrogen, although leaf Cl- content increased up to 19.6 mg g-1 dry weight in the lowest NO3 -/Cl- treatment. Nutrient uptake concentrations were determined as follows: 13.4 (N), 1.72 (P), 10.2 (K), 3.13 (Ca), 0.86 (Mg, mmol L-1), 27.8 (Fe), 5.63 (Mn), 5.45 (Zn) and 0.72 (Cu, μmol L-1). This study suggests that replacing 30% of NO3 - supply with Cl- in fertigation recipes for hydroponic lettuce crops reduces leaf nitrate content without affecting physiological processes, growth, and quality, verifying in parallel the role of chloride as a beneficial macronutrient. Finally, a relationship between Cl- uptake and its concentration in the root zone solution was established enabling the simulation of chloride to water consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damianos Neocleous
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dimitrios Savvas
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Giannothanasis
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Mozafarian M, Hawrylak-Nowak B, Kappel N. Effect of Different Rootstocks on the Salt Stress Tolerance and Fruit Quality of Grafted Eggplants ( Solanum melongena L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3631. [PMID: 37896094 PMCID: PMC10609843 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable grafting is considered a rapid, non-chemical alternative method to relatively slow and expensive breeding to overcome the adverse effect of salinity. Therefore, a soilless experiment was performed to determine the salinity tolerance of eggplant (Solanum melongena) cv. Madonna grafted onto two different rootstocks, Solanum grandifolium × Solanum melongena (SH) and Solanum torvum (ST), as well as self-grafted (SG) and self-rooted (SR) as controls. All groups of plants were treated with 0 mM NaCl or 80 mM NaCl. A significant decrease in the relative leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and chlorophyll concentrations were found in response to NaCl. However, the grafted plants had a higher photosynthetic pigment level than the non-grafted plants grown under saline conditions. Grafting eggplants onto SH significantly enhanced the total fruit yield as compared to the self-rooted plants exposed to salinity by increasing the average fruit weight. Moreover, salt stress significantly increased the whitening index and oxidation potential of fruits. The plants grafted onto SH or ST accumulated more Na+ in their roots than in their fruit or leaves, thus the Na+ partitioning between the above-ground and root parts most probably determines the increased salinity tolerance of the grafted ST and SH plants. To conclude, both the SH and ST rootstocks protected the scions against salinity; the scion showed both increased photosynthetic pigment concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters as well as a lower Na+ concentration under stress that resulted in a higher fruit yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mozafarian
- Department of Vegetable and Mushroom Growing, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15 st., 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Noémi Kappel
- Department of Vegetable and Mushroom Growing, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
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Chen S, Yi L, Korpelainen H, Yu F, Liu M. Roots play a key role in drought-tolerance of poplars as suggested by reciprocal grafting between male and female clones. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 153:81-91. [PMID: 32485616 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress influences the growth of plants and thus grafting has been widely used to improve tolerance to abiotic stresses. Poplars possess sex-specific responses to drought stress, but how male or female rootstock affect the grafted plant is little known. To explore the mechanisms underlying changes in drought tolerance caused by grafting, we investigated the changes in growth, leaf traits, gas exchange and antioxidant enzyme activities of reciprocally grafted seedlings between Populus euramericana cv. "Nanlin895" (NL-895) (female) and Populus deltiodes cv."3412" (NL-3412) (male) under water deficit stress with 30% field capacity for 30 d. Results showed that drought stress affected adversely growth, morphological, and physiological characteristics in all seedlings studied. Grafted seedlings with male roots can effectively alleviated the inhibition of growth induced by drought stress, as shown by higher WUE, activities of SOD, POD and CAT, and lower levels of lipid peroxidation. Male seedlings with female roots were found to be less tolerance to drought than non-grafted male clones and female scions with male roots, but more tolerance than non-grafted female clones. This results suggested that drought tolerance of grafted seedlings is primarily caused by the rootstock, although the scion also affects the grafted plant. Thus, paying attention on the root genotype can provide an important means of improving the drought tolerance of poplars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Lita Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 5), FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Meihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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López-Serrano L, Canet-Sanchis G, Vuletin Selak G, Penella C, San Bautista A, López-Galarza S, Calatayud Á. Pepper Rootstock and Scion Physiological Responses Under Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:38. [PMID: 30745905 PMCID: PMC6360189 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In vegetables, tolerance to drought can be improved by grafting commercial varieties onto drought tolerant rootstocks. Grafting has emerged as a tool that copes with drought stress. In previous results, the A25 pepper rootstock accession showed good tolerance to drought in fruit production terms compared with non-grafted plants and other rootstocks. The aim of this work was to study if short-term exposure to drought in grafted plants using A25 as a rootstock would show tolerance to drought now. To fulfill this objective, some physiological processes involved in roots (rootstock) and leaves (scion) of grafted pepper plants were analyzed. Pepper plants not grafted (A), self-grafted (A/A), and grafted onto a tolerant pepper rootstock A25 (A/A25) were grown under severe water stress induced by PEG addition (-0.55 MPa) or under control conditions for 7 days in hydroponic pure solution. According to our results, water stress severity was alleviated by using the A25 rootstock in grafted plants (A/A25), which indicated that mechanisms stimulated by roots are essential to withstand stress. A/A25 had a bigger root biomass compared with plants A and A/A that resulted in better water absorption, water retention capacity and a sustained CO2 assimilation rate. Consequently, plants A/A25 had a better carbon balance, supported by greater nitrate reductase activity located mainly in leaves. In the non-grafted and self-grafted plants, the photosynthesis rate lowered due to stomatal closure, which limited transpiration. Consequently, part of NO3 - uptake was reduced in roots. This condition limited water uptake and CO2 fixation in plants A and A/A under drought stress, and accelerated oxidative damage by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and H2O2, which were highest in their leaves, indicating great sensitivity to drought stress and induced membrane lipid peroxidation. However, drought deleterious effects were slightly marked in plants A compared to A/A. To conclude, the A25 rootstock protects the scion against oxidative stress, which is provoked by drought, and shows better C and N balances that enabled the biomass to be maintained under water stress for short-term exposure, with higher yields in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia López-Serrano
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Canet-Sanchis
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabriela Vuletin Selak
- Department of Plant Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia
| | - Consuelo Penella
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto San Bautista
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador López-Galarza
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángeles Calatayud
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
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Soteriou GA, Siomos AS, Gerasopoulos D, Rouphael Y, Georgiadou S, Kyriacou MC. Biochemical and histological contributions to textural changes in watermelon fruit modulated by grafting. Food Chem 2017; 237:133-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Gaion LA, Braz LT, Carvalho RF. Grafting in Vegetable Crops: A Great Technique for Agriculture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19315260.2017.1357062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Aparecido Gaion
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Leila Trevisan Braz
- Department of Crop Production, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Kyriacou MC, Rouphael Y, Colla G, Zrenner R, Schwarz D. Vegetable Grafting: The Implications of a Growing Agronomic Imperative for Vegetable Fruit Quality and Nutritive Value. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:741. [PMID: 28553298 PMCID: PMC5427113 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Grafting has become an imperative for intensive vegetable production since chlorofluorocarbon-based soil fumigants were banned from use on grounds of environmental protection. Compelled by this development, research into rootstock-scion interaction has broadened the potential applications of grafting in the vegetable industry beyond aspects of soil phytopathology. Grafting has been increasingly tapped for cultivation under adverse environs posing abiotic and biotic stresses to vegetable crops, thus enabling expansion of commercial production onto otherwise under-exploited land. Vigorous rootstocks have been employed not only in the open field but also under protected cultivation where increase in productivity improves distribution of infrastructural and energy costs. Applications of grafting have expanded mainly in two families: the Cucurbitaceae and the Solanaceae, both of which comprise major vegetable crops. As the main drives behind the expansion of vegetable grafting have been the resistance to soilborne pathogens, tolerance to abiotic stresses and increase in yields, rootstock selection and breeding have accordingly conformed to the prevailing demand for improving productivity, arguably at the expense of fruit quality. It is, however, compelling to assess the qualitative implications of this growing agronomic practice for human nutrition. Problems of impaired vegetable fruit quality have not infrequently been associated with the practice of grafting. Accordingly, the aim of the current review is to reassess how the practice of grafting and the prevalence of particular types of commercial rootstocks influence vegetable fruit quality and, partly, storability. Physical, sensorial and bioactive aspects of quality are examined with respect to grafting for watermelon, melon, cucumber, tomato, eggplant, and pepper. The physiological mechanisms at play which mediate rootstock effects on scion performance are discussed in interpreting the implications of grafting for the configuration of vegetable fruit physicochemical quality and nutritive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios C. Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research InstituteNicosia, Cyprus
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of TusciaViterbo, Italy
| | - Rita Zrenner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGroßbeeren, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schwarz
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGroßbeeren, Germany
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Penella C, Landi M, Guidi L, Nebauer SG, Pellegrini E, San Bautista A, Remorini D, Nali C, López-Galarza S, Calatayud A. Salt-tolerant rootstock increases yield of pepper under salinity through maintenance of photosynthetic performance and sinks strength. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 193:1-11. [PMID: 26918569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a salt-tolerant pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) accession (A25) utilized as a rootstock was assessed in two experiments. In a first field experiment under natural salinity conditions, we observed a larger amount of marketable fruit (+75%) and lower Blossom-end Root incidence (-31%) in commercial pepper cultivar Adige (A) grafted onto A25 (A/A25) when compared with ungrafted plants. In order to understand this behavior a second greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine growth, mineral partitioning, gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, antioxidant systems and proline content in A and A/A25 plants under salinity conditions (80 mM NaCl for 14 days). Salt stress induced significantly stunted growth of A plants (-40.6% of leaf dry weight) compared to the control conditions, while no alterations were observed in A/A25 at the end of the experiment. Accumulation of Na(+) and Cl(-) in leaves and roots was similar in either grafted or ungrafted plants. Despite the activation of protective mechanisms (increment of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase activity and non-photochemical quenching), A plants showed severely reduced photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (-45.6% of AN390) and substantial buildup of malondialdehyde (MDA) by-product, suggesting the inability to counteract salt-triggered damage. In contrast, A/A25 plants, which had a constitutive enhanced root apparatus, were able to maintain the shoot and root growth under salinity conditions by supporting the maintained photosynthetic performance. No increases in catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities were observed in response to salinity, and MDA levels increased only slightly; indicating that alleviation of oxidative stress did not occur in A/A25 plants. In these plants the increased proline levels could protect enzymatic stability from salt-triggered damage, preserving the photosynthetic performance. The results could indicate that salt stress was vanished by the lack of negative effects on photosynthesis that support the maintained plant growth and increased marketable yield of the grafted plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Penella
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Departamento de Horticultura, Ctra. Moncada-Naquera km. 4, 5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Sergio G Nebauer
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Camino de Vera 14, 46020 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alberto San Bautista
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Camino de Vera 14, 46020 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Damiano Remorini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Salvador López-Galarza
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Camino de Vera 14, 46020 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Angeles Calatayud
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Departamento de Horticultura, Ctra. Moncada-Naquera km. 4, 5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
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Sanoubar R, Cellini A, Veroni AM, Spinelli F, Masia A, Vittori Antisari L, Orsini F, Gianquinto G. Salinity thresholds and genotypic variability of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) grown under saline stress. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:319-30. [PMID: 25644878 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two botanical varieties of cabbage, namely Savoy (Brassica oleracea var. Sabauda L.) and White (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.) were used in order to understand the morphological, physiological and biochemical elements of functional salt stress response. Thirteen salt concentrations (range, 0 to 300 mmol L(-1) NaCl) were considered in Experiment 1 and, of these 13, three (0, 100 and 200 mmol L(-1) NaCl) were used in Experiment 2. RESULTS Experiment 1 enabled the definition of two salinity thresholds (100 and 200 mmol L(-1) NaCl), associated with morphological and physiological adaptations. In Experiment 2, moderate salinity (100 mmol L(-1) NaCl) had lower effects on Savoy than in White cabbage yield (respectively, -16% and -62% from control). Concurrently, 100 mmol L(-1) NaCl resulted in a significant increase of antioxidant enzymes from control conditions, that was greater in Savoy (+289, +423 and +88%, respectively) as compared to White (+114, +356 and +28%, respectively) cabbage. Ion accumulation was found to be a key determinant in tissue osmotic adjustment (mainly in Savoy) whereas the contribution of organic osmolites was negligible. CONCLUSIONS Higher antioxidative enzymatic activities in Savoy versus White cabbage after treatment with 100 mmol L(-1) NaCl were associated with improved water relations, thus suggesting a possible physiological pathway for alleviating perceived salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Sanoubar
- Department of Agricultural Sciences (DIPSA), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Cellini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences (DIPSA), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Veroni
- Department of Agricultural Sciences (DIPSA), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences (DIPSA), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Masia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences (DIPSA), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Livia Vittori Antisari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences (DIPSA), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Orsini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences (DIPSA), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gianquinto
- Department of Agricultural Sciences (DIPSA), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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Penella C, Nebauer SG, Quiñones A, San Bautista A, López-Galarza S, Calatayud A. Some rootstocks improve pepper tolerance to mild salinity through ionic regulation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 230:12-22. [PMID: 25480004 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Grafting has been proposed as an interesting strategy that improves the responses of crops under salinity. In pepper, we reported increased fruit yield of the commercial 'Adige' cultivar under salinity when grafted onto accessions Capsicum chinense Jacq. 'ECU-973' (12) and Capsicum baccatum L. var. pendulum 'BOL-58' (14), whereas no effect was observed when grafted onto accession Capsicum annuum L var. 'Serrano' (5). We also analysed the physiological and biochemical mechanisms related to the tolerance conferred by these rootstocks. Responses to salinity (40 mM NaCl) were studied in the different plant combinations for 30 days by determining water relations, mineral content, proline accumulation, photosynthetic parameters, nitrate reductase activity and antioxidant capacity. Higher salt tolerance was achieved when the 'Adige' cultivar was grafted onto the 12 genotype, which allowed not only lower Na(+) and Cl(-) accumulation in the scion, but also ion selectivity maintenance, particularly Na(+)/K(+) discrimination. These traits led to a minor negative impact on photosynthesis, nitrate reductase activity and lipid peroxidation in grafted scion leaves. This work suggests that using tolerant pepper rootstocks that maintain the scion's ion homeostasis is a promising strategy to provide salinity tolerance and can consequently improve crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Penella
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Ctra., Moncada-Naquera km. 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio G Nebauer
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Camino de Vera 14, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Quiñones
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Ctra., Moncada-Naquera km. 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto San Bautista
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Camino de Vera 14, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador López-Galarza
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Camino de Vera 14, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Angeles Calatayud
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Ctra., Moncada-Naquera km. 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
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11
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Sanoubar R, Orsini F, Gianquinto GP. Ionic partitioning and stomatal regulation: dissecting functional elements of the genotypic basis of salt stress adaptation in grafted melon. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e27334. [PMID: 24309549 PMCID: PMC4091613 DOI: 10.4161/psb.27334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable grafting is commonly claimed to improve crop's tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, including salinity. Although the use of inter-specific graftings is relatively common, whether the improved salt tolerance should be attributed to the genotypic background rather than the grafting per se is a matter of discussion among scientists. It is clear that most of published research has to date overlooked the issue, with the mutual presence of self-grafted and non-grafted controls resulting to be quite rare within experimental evidences. It was recently demonstrated that the genotype of the rootstock and grafting per se are responsible respectively for the differential ion accumulation and partitioning as well as to the stomatal adaptation to the stress. The present paper contributes to the ongoing discussion with further data on the differences associated to salinity response in a range of grafted melon combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Sanoubar
- Department of Agricultural Sciences; University of Bologna; Viale Fanin, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Orsini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences; University of Bologna; Viale Fanin, Bologna, Italy
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