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Koehler T, Wankmüller FJP, Sadok W, Carminati A. Transpiration response to soil drying versus increasing vapor pressure deficit in crops: physical and physiological mechanisms and key plant traits. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4789-4807. [PMID: 37354081 PMCID: PMC10474596 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The water deficit experienced by crops is a function of atmospheric water demand (vapor pressure deficit) and soil water supply over the whole crop cycle. We summarize typical transpiration response patterns to soil and atmospheric drying and the sensitivity to plant hydraulic traits. We explain the transpiration response patterns using a soil-plant hydraulic framework. In both cases of drying, stomatal closure is triggered by limitations in soil-plant hydraulic conductance. However, traits impacting the transpiration response differ between the two drying processes and act at different time scales. A low plant hydraulic conductance triggers an earlier restriction in transpiration during increasing vapor pressure deficit. During soil drying, the impact of the plant hydraulic conductance is less obvious. It is rather a decrease in the belowground hydraulic conductance (related to soil hydraulic properties and root length density) that is involved in transpiration down-regulation. The transpiration response to increasing vapor pressure deficit has a daily time scale. In the case of soil drying, it acts on a seasonal scale. Varieties that are conservative in water use on a daily scale may not be conservative over longer time scales (e.g. during soil drying). This potential independence of strategies needs to be considered in environment-specific breeding for yield-based drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Koehler
- Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Fabian J P Wankmüller
- Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walid Sadok
- Agronomy and Plant Genetics, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Andrea Carminati
- Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Koehler T, Schaum C, Tung SY, Steiner F, Tyborski N, Wild AJ, Akale A, Pausch J, Lueders T, Wolfrum S, Mueller CW, Vidal A, Vahl WK, Groth J, Eder B, Ahmed MA, Carminati A. Above and belowground traits impacting transpiration decline during soil drying in 48 maize (Zea mays) genotypes. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:373-386. [PMID: 36479887 PMCID: PMC9992933 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Stomatal regulation allows plants to promptly respond to water stress. However, our understanding of the impact of above and belowground hydraulic traits on stomatal regulation remains incomplete. The objective of this study was to investigate how key plant hydraulic traits impact transpiration of maize during soil drying. We hypothesize that the stomatal response to soil drying is related to a loss in soil hydraulic conductivity at the root-soil interface, which in turn depends on plant hydraulic traits. METHODS We investigate the response of 48 contrasting maize (Zea mays) genotypes to soil drying, utilizing a novel phenotyping facility. In this context, we measure the relationship between leaf water potential, soil water potential, soil water content and transpiration, as well as root, rhizosphere and aboveground plant traits. KEY RESULTS Genotypes differed in their responsiveness to soil drying. The critical soil water potential at which plants started decreasing transpiration was related to a combination of above and belowground traits: genotypes with a higher maximum transpiration and plant hydraulic conductance as well as a smaller root and rhizosphere system closed stomata at less negative soil water potentials. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the importance of belowground hydraulics for stomatal regulation and hence drought responsiveness during soil drying. Furthermore, this finding supports the hypothesis that stomata start to close when soil hydraulic conductivity drops at the root-soil interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolin Schaum
- Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Shu-Yin Tung
- Institute for Agroecology and Organic Farming, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Nicolas Tyborski
- Ecological Microbiology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas J Wild
- Agroecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Asegidew Akale
- Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johanna Pausch
- Agroecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tillmann Lueders
- Ecological Microbiology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolfrum
- Institute for Agroecology and Organic Farming, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | - Carsten W Mueller
- Soil Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alix Vidal
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter K Vahl
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | - Jennifer Groth
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | - Barbara Eder
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | - Mutez A Ahmed
- Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Carminati
- Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Affortit P, Effa-Effa B, Ndoye MS, Moukouanga D, Luchaire N, Cabrera-Bosquet L, Perálvarez M, Pilloni R, Welcker C, Champion A, Gantet P, Diedhiou AG, Manneh B, Aroca R, Vadez V, Laplaze L, Cubry P, Grondin A. Physiological and genetic control of transpiration efficiency in African rice, Oryza glaberrima Steud. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5279-5293. [PMID: 35429274 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Improving crop water use efficiency, the amount of carbon assimilated as biomass per unit of water used by a plant, is of major importance as water for agriculture becomes scarcer. In rice, the genetic bases of transpiration efficiency, the derivation of water use efficiency at the whole-plant scale, and its putative component trait transpiration restriction under high evaporative demand remain unknown. These traits were measured in 2019 in a panel of 147 African rice (Oryza glaberrima) genotypes known to be potential sources of tolerance genes to biotic and abiotic stresses. Our results reveal that higher transpiration efficiency is associated with transpiration restriction in African rice. Detailed measurements in a subset of highly contrasted genotypes in terms of biomass accumulation and transpiration confirmed these associations and suggested that root to shoot ratio played an important role in transpiration restriction. Genome wide association studies identified marker-trait associations for transpiration response to evaporative demand, transpiration efficiency, and its residuals, with links to genes involved in water transport and cell wall patterning. Our data suggest that root-shoot partitioning is an important component of transpiration restriction that has a positive effect on transpiration efficiency in African rice. Both traits are heritable and define targets for breeding rice with improved water use strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Affortit
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Branly Effa-Effa
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Mame Sokhatil Ndoye
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CERAAS, Thiès, Senegal
| | | | - Nathalie Luchaire
- LEPSE, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Raphaël Pilloni
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Claude Welcker
- LEPSE, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Antony Champion
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Gantet
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Vadez
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CERAAS, Thiès, Senegal
- LMI LAPSE, Dakar, Senegal
- ICRISAT, Patancheru, India
| | - Laurent Laplaze
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- LMI LAPSE, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Philippe Cubry
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Grondin
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CERAAS, Thiès, Senegal
- LMI LAPSE, Dakar, Senegal
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4
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Gleason SM, Barnard DM, Green TR, Mackay S, Wang DR, Ainsworth EA, Altenhofen J, Brodribb TJ, Cochard H, Comas LH, Cooper M, Creek D, DeJonge KC, Delzon S, Fritschi FB, Hammer G, Hunter C, Lombardozzi D, Messina CD, Ocheltree T, Stevens BM, Stewart JJ, Vadez V, Wenz J, Wright IJ, Yemoto K, Zhang H. Physiological trait networks enhance understanding of crop growth and water use in contrasting environments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2554-2572. [PMID: 35735161 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant function arises from a complex network of structural and physiological traits. Explicit representation of these traits, as well as their connections with other biophysical processes, is required to advance our understanding of plant-soil-climate interactions. We used the Terrestrial Regional Ecosystem Exchange Simulator (TREES) to evaluate physiological trait networks in maize. Net primary productivity (NPP) and grain yield were simulated across five contrasting climate scenarios. Simulations achieving high NPP and grain yield in high precipitation environments featured trait networks conferring high water use strategies: deep roots, high stomatal conductance at low water potential ("risky" stomatal regulation), high xylem hydraulic conductivity and high maximal leaf area index. In contrast, high NPP and grain yield was achieved in dry environments with low late-season precipitation via water conserving trait networks: deep roots, high embolism resistance and low stomatal conductance at low leaf water potential ("conservative" stomatal regulation). We suggest that our approach, which allows for the simultaneous evaluation of physiological traits, soil characteristics and their interactions (i.e., networks), has potential to improve our understanding of crop performance in different environments. In contrast, evaluating single traits in isolation of other coordinated traits does not appear to be an effective strategy for predicting plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Gleason
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Dave M Barnard
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy R Green
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Scott Mackay
- Department of Geography & Department of Environment and Sustainability, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Diane R Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- United States Department of Agriculture, Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jon Altenhofen
- Northern Colorado Water Conservancy District, Berthoud, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Tasmania Node, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Louise H Comas
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark Cooper
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland Node, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Danielle Creek
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Kendall C DeJonge
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Pessac, cedex, France
| | - Felix B Fritschi
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Graeme Hammer
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland Node, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cameron Hunter
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Climate & Global Dynamics Lab, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Carlos D Messina
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Troy Ocheltree
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bo Maxwell Stevens
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jared J Stewart
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Joshua Wenz
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ian J Wright
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Western Sydney University Node, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kevin Yemoto
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Huihui Zhang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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5
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Burridge JD, Grondin A, Vadez V. Optimizing Crop Water Use for Drought and Climate Change Adaptation Requires a Multi-Scale Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:824720. [PMID: 35574091 PMCID: PMC9100818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.824720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Selection criteria that co-optimize water use efficiency and yield are needed to promote plant productivity in increasingly challenging and variable drought scenarios, particularly dryland cereals in the semi-arid tropics. Optimizing water use efficiency and yield fundamentally involves transpiration dynamics, where restriction of maximum transpiration rate helps to avoid early crop failure, while maximizing grain filling. Transpiration restriction can be regulated by multiple mechanisms and involves cross-organ coordination. This coordination involves complex feedbacks and feedforwards over time scales ranging from minutes to weeks, and from spatial scales ranging from cell membrane to crop canopy. Aquaporins have direct effect but various compensation and coordination pathways involve phenology, relative root and shoot growth, shoot architecture, root length distribution profile, as well as other architectural and anatomical aspects of plant form and function. We propose gravimetric phenotyping as an integrative, cross-scale solution to understand the dynamic, interwoven, and context-dependent coordination of transpiration regulation. The most fruitful breeding strategy is likely to be that which maintains focus on the phene of interest, namely, daily and season level transpiration dynamics. This direct selection approach is more precise than yield-based selection but sufficiently integrative to capture attenuating and complementary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Burridge
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: James D. Burridge,
| | - Alexandre Grondin
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux, Laboratoire Mixte International, Dakar, Senegal
- Centre d’Étude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, Thiès, Senegal
| | - Vincent Vadez
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux, Laboratoire Mixte International, Dakar, Senegal
- Centre d’Étude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, Thiès, Senegal
- International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
- Vincent Vadez,
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6
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Vadez V, Choudhary S, Kholová J, Hash CT, Srivastava R, Kumar AA, Prandavada A, Anjaiah M. Transpiration efficiency: insights from comparisons of C4 cereal species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5221-5234. [PMID: 34080009 PMCID: PMC8272567 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that there is a tight link between high transpiration efficiency (TE; shoot biomass per unit water transpired) and restriction of transpiration under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD). In this study, we examine other factors affecting TE among major C4 cereals, namely species' differences, soil type, and source-sink relationships. We found that TE in maize (10 genotypes) was higher overall than in pearl millet (10 genotypes), and somewhat higher than in sorghum (16 genotypes). Overall, transpiration efficiency was higher in high-clay than in sandy soil under high VPD, but the effect was species-dependent with maize showing large variations in TE and yield across different soil types whilst pearl millet showed no variation in TE. This suggested that species fitness was specific to soil type. Removal of cobs drastically decreased TE in maize under high VPD, but removal of panicles did not have the same effect in pearl millet, suggesting that source-sink balance also drove variations in TE. We interpret the differences in TE between species as being accounted for by differences in the capacity to restrict transpiration under high VPD, with breeding history possibly having favored the source-sink balance in maize. This suggests that there is also scope to increase TE in pearl millet and sorghum through breeding. With regards to soil conditions, our results indicate that it appears to be critical to consider hydraulic characteristics and the root system together in order to better understand stomatal regulation and restriction of transpiration under high VPD. Finally, our results highlight the importance of sink strength in regulating transpiration/photosynthesis, and hence in influencing TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Vadez
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR DIADE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sunita Choudhary
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Jana Kholová
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - C Tom Hash
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Rakesh Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - A Ashok Kumar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Anand Prandavada
- Multi-Crop Research Centre, Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of Dow-DuPont, Tunki-kalsa, Wargal Mandal, Siddipet, Telangana State, India
| | - Mukkera Anjaiah
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
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7
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Campbell MT, Grondin A, Walia H, Morota G. Leveraging genome-enabled growth models to study shoot growth responses to water deficit in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5669-5679. [PMID: 32526013 PMCID: PMC7501813 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating genotype-by-environment interactions and partitioning its contribution to phenotypic variation remains a challenge for plant scientists. We propose a framework that utilizes genome-wide markers to model genotype-specific shoot growth trajectories as a function of time and soil water availability. A rice diversity panel was phenotyped daily for 21 d using an automated, high-throughput image-based, phenotyping platform that enabled estimation of daily shoot biomass and soil water content. Using these data, we modeled shoot growth as a function of time and soil water content, and were able to determine the time point where an inflection in the growth trajectory occurred. We found that larger, more vigorous plants exhibited an earlier repression in growth compared with smaller, slow-growing plants, indicating a trade-off between early vigor and tolerance to prolonged water deficits. Genomic inference for model parameters and time of inflection (TOI) identified several candidate genes. This study is the first to utilize a genome-enabled growth model to study drought responses in rice, and presents a new approach to jointly model dynamic morpho-physiological responses and environmental covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malachy T Campbell
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexandre Grondin
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) Montpellier, France
| | - Harkamal Walia
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Gota Morota
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA, USA
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8
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Medina S, Vicente R, Nieto-Taladriz MT, Aparicio N, Chairi F, Vergara-Diaz O, Araus JL. The Plant-Transpiration Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) in Durum Wheat Is Associated With Differential Yield Performance and Specific Expression of Genes Involved in Primary Metabolism and Water Transport. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1994. [PMID: 30697225 PMCID: PMC6341309 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of plant transpiration was proposed as a key factor affecting transpiration efficiency and agronomical adaptation of wheat to water-limited Mediterranean environments. However, to date no studies have related this trait to crop performance in the field. In this study, the transpiration response to increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD) of modern Spanish semi-dwarf durum wheat lines was evaluated under controlled conditions at vegetative stage, and the agronomical performance of the same set of lines was assessed at grain filling as well as grain yield at maturity, in Mediterranean environments ranging from water stressed to good agronomical conditions. A group of linear-transpiration response (LTR) lines exhibited better performance in grain yield and biomass compared to segmented-transpiration response (STR) lines, particularly in the wetter environments, whereas the reverse occurred only in the most stressed trial. LTR lines generally exhibited better water status (stomatal conductance) and larger green biomass (vegetation indices) during the reproductive stage than STR lines. In both groups, the responses to growing conditions were associated with the expression levels of dehydration-responsive transcription factors (DREB) leading to different performances of primary metabolism-related enzymes. Thus, the response of LTR lines under fair to good conditions was associated with higher transcription levels of genes involved in nitrogen (GS1 and GOGAT) and carbon (RCBL) metabolism, as well as water transport (TIP1.1). In conclusion, modern durum wheat lines differed in their response to water loss, the linear transpiration seemed to favor uptake and transport of water and nutrients, and photosynthetic metabolism led to higher grain yield except for very harsh drought conditions. The transpiration response to VPD may be a trait to further explore when selecting adaptation to specific water conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Medina
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nieves Aparicio
- Agricultural Technology Institute of Castilla and León (ITACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Fadia Chairi
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Omar Vergara-Diaz
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Araus
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Dwivedi SL, Siddique KHM, Farooq M, Thornton PK, Ortiz R. Using Biotechnology-Led Approaches to Uplift Cereal and Food Legume Yields in Dryland Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1249. [PMID: 30210519 PMCID: PMC6120061 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Drought and heat in dryland agriculture challenge the enhancement of crop productivity and threaten global food security. This review is centered on harnessing genetic variation through biotechnology-led approaches to select for increased productivity and stress tolerance that will enhance crop adaptation in dryland environments. Peer-reviewed literature, mostly from the last decade and involving experiments with at least two seasons' data, form the basis of this review. It begins by highlighting the adverse impact of the increasing intensity and duration of drought and heat stress due to global warming on crop productivity and its impact on food and nutritional security in dryland environments. This is followed by (1) an overview of the physiological and molecular basis of plant adaptation to elevated CO2 (eCO2), drought, and heat stress; (2) the critical role of high-throughput phenotyping platforms to study phenomes and genomes to increase breeding efficiency; (3) opportunities to enhance stress tolerance and productivity in food crops (cereals and grain legumes) by deploying biotechnology-led approaches [pyramiding quantitative trait loci (QTL), genomic selection, marker-assisted recurrent selection, epigenetic variation, genome editing, and transgene) and inducing flowering independent of environmental clues to match the length of growing season; (4) opportunities to increase productivity in C3 crops by harnessing novel variations (genes and network) in crops' (C3, C4) germplasm pools associated with increased photosynthesis; and (5) the adoption, impact, risk assessment, and enabling policy environments to scale up the adoption of seed-technology to enhance food and nutritional security. This synthesis of technological innovations and insights in seed-based technology offers crop genetic enhancers further opportunities to increase crop productivity in dryland environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammad Farooq
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoud, Oman
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Philip K. Thornton
- CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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Chenu K, Van Oosterom EJ, McLean G, Deifel KS, Fletcher A, Geetika G, Tirfessa A, Mace ES, Jordan DR, Sulman R, Hammer GL. Integrating modelling and phenotyping approaches to identify and screen complex traits: transpiration efficiency in cereals. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3181-3194. [PMID: 29474730 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Following advances in genetics, genomics, and phenotyping, trait selection in breeding is limited by our ability to understand interactions within the plant and with the environment, and to identify traits of most relevance to the target population of environments. We propose an integrated approach that combines insights from crop modelling, physiology, genetics, and breeding to characterize traits valuable for yield gain in the target population of environments, develop relevant high-throughput phenotyping platforms, and identify genetic controls and their value in production environments. This paper uses transpiration efficiency (biomass produced per unit of water used) as an example of a complex trait of interest to illustrate how the approach can guide modelling, phenotyping, and selection in a breeding programme. We believe that this approach, by integrating insights from diverse disciplines, can increase the resource use efficiency of breeding programmes for improving yield gains in target populations of environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chenu
- University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - E J Van Oosterom
- University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - G McLean
- Queensland Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - K S Deifel
- University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A Fletcher
- University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - G Geetika
- University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A Tirfessa
- University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - E S Mace
- University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, QLD, Australia
| | - D R Jordan
- University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, QLD, Australia
| | - R Sulman
- Biosystems Engineering, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - G L Hammer
- University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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11
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Medina S, Gupta SK, Vadez V. Transpiration Response and Growth in Pearl Millet Parental Lines and Hybrids Bred for Contrasting Rainfall Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1846. [PMID: 29163578 PMCID: PMC5671031 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Under conditions of high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil drying, restricting transpiration is an important avenue to gain efficiency in water use. The question we raise in this article is whether breeding for agro-ecological environments that differ for the rainfall have selected for traits that control plant water use. These are measured in pearl millet materials bred for zones varying in rainfall (8 combinations of parent and F1-hybrids, 18 F1-hybrids and then 40 F1-hybrids). In all cases, we found an agro-ecological variation in the slope of the transpiration response to increasing VPD, and parental line variation in the transpiration response to soil drying within hybrids/parent combinations. The hybrids adapted to lower rainfall had higher transpiration response curves than those from the highest rainfall zones, but showed no variation in how transpiration responded to soil drying. The genotypes bred for lower rainfall zones showed lower leaf area, dry matter, thicker leaves, root development, and exudation, than the ones bred for high rainfall zone when grown in the low VPD environment of the greenhouse, but there was no difference in their root length neither on the root/shoot index in these genotypes. By contrast, when grown under high VPD conditions outdoors, the lower rainfall hybrids had the highest leaf, tiller, and biomass development. Finally, under soil drying the genotypes from the lower rainfall accumulated less biomass than the ones from higher rainfall zone, and so did the parental lines compared to the hybrids. These differences in the transpiration response and growth clearly showed that breeding for different agro-ecological zones also bred for different genotype strategies in relation to traits related to plant water use. Highlights: • Variation in transpiration response reflected breeding for agro-ecological zones • Different growth strategies depended on the environmental conditions • Different ideotypes reflected rainfall levels in specific agro-ecological zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Medina
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. K. Gupta
- Crop Improvement Theme Asia Program, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
| | - Vincent Vadez
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
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13
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Truong SK, McCormick RF, Mullet JE. Bioenergy Sorghum Crop Model Predicts VPD-Limited Transpiration Traits Enhance Biomass Yield in Water-Limited Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:335. [PMID: 28377779 PMCID: PMC5359309 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioenergy sorghum is targeted for production in water-limited annual cropland therefore traits that improve plant water capture, water use efficiency, and resilience to water deficit are necessary to maximize productivity. A crop modeling framework, APSIM, was adapted to predict the growth and biomass yield of energy sorghum and to identify potentially useful traits for crop improvement. APSIM simulations of energy sorghum development and biomass accumulation replicated results from field experiments across multiple years, patterns of rainfall, and irrigation schemes. Modeling showed that energy sorghum's long duration of vegetative growth increased water capture and biomass yield by ~30% compared to short season crops in a water-limited production region. Additionally, APSIM was extended to enable modeling of VPD-limited transpiration traits that reduce crop water use under high vapor pressure deficits (VPDs). The response of transpiration rate to increasing VPD was modeled as a linear response until a VPD threshold was reached, at which the slope of the response decreases, representing a range of responses to VPD observed in sorghum germplasm. Simulation results indicated that the VPD-limited transpiration trait is most beneficial in hot and dry regions of production where crops are exposed to extended periods without rainfall during the season or to a terminal drought. In these environments, slower but more efficient transpiration increases biomass yield and prevents or delays the exhaustion of soil water and onset of leaf senescence. The VPD-limited transpiration responses observed in sorghum germplasm increased biomass accumulation by 20% in years with lower summer rainfall, and the ability to drastically reduce transpiration under high VPD conditions could increase biomass by 6% on average across all years. This work indicates that the productivity and resilience of bioenergy sorghum grown in water-limited environments could be further enhanced by development of genotypes with optimized VPD-limited transpiration traits and deployment of these crops in water limited growing environments. The energy sorghum model and VPD-limited transpiration trait implementation are made available to simulate performance in other target environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra K. Truong
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, USA
| | - Ryan F. McCormick
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, USA
| | - John E. Mullet
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, USA
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Henry A, Swamy BPM, Dixit S, Torres RD, Batoto TC, Manalili M, Anantha MS, Mandal NP, Kumar A. Physiological mechanisms contributing to the QTL-combination effects on improved performance of IR64 rice NILs under drought. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1787-99. [PMID: 25680791 PMCID: PMC4378621 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the physiological mechanisms behind major-effect drought-yield quantitative trait loci (QTLs) can provide an understanding of the function of the QTLs-as well as plant responses to drought in general. In this study, we characterized rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes with QTLs derived from drought-tolerant traditional variety AdaySel that were introgressed into drought-susceptible high-yielding variety IR64, one of the most popular megavarieties in South Asian rainfed lowland systems. Of the different combinations of the four QTLs evaluated, genotypes with two QTLs (qDTY 2.2 + qDTY 4.1 ) showed the greatest degree of improvement under drought compared with IR64 in terms of yield, canopy temperature, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Furthermore, qDTY 2.2 and qDTY 4.1 showed a potential for complementarity in that they were each most effective under different severities of drought stress. Multiple drought-response mechanisms were observed to be conferred in the genotypes with the two-QTL combination: higher root hydraulic conductivity and in some cases greater root growth at depth. As evidenced by multiple leaf water status and plant growth indicators, these traits affected transpiration but not transpiration efficiency or harvest index. The results from this study highlight the complex interactions among major-effect drought-yield QTLs and the drought-response traits they confer, and the need to evaluate the optimal combinations of QTLs that complement each other when present in a common genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Henry
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | | | - Shalabh Dixit
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Rolando D Torres
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Tristram C Batoto
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Mervin Manalili
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - M S Anantha
- Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station, Hazaribag, Jharkand 825 301, India
| | - N P Mandal
- Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station, Hazaribag, Jharkand 825 301, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station, Hazaribag, Jharkand 825 301, India
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