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Liu C, Yang X, Yu Z, Pu J, Xu M. Impacts of MnO 2 on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth: A study with MnO 2-amended organic fertilizer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 941:173591. [PMID: 38810753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Manganese dioxide (MnO2), as a catalyst in composting processes, can accumulate in soil over multiple fertilizations. However, its impact on crop growth remains to be explored. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of MnO2 on the tomato plant performance across various growth stages. Results showed that MnO2 reduced the plant height, leaf number and length by 35.53 %, 27.61 %, and 37.00 %, respectively, and decreased the fruit weight (23.16 %) and sugar-acid ratio (29.7 %) of fruits compared to the MnO2-free control. The adverse impacts of MnO2 on plant growth might be attributed to the inhibition of microbial activity in soil reflected by the reduction of soil urease (9.30 %) and acid phosphatase (12.52 %) activities, which decreased the efficiency of nutrients conversion and uptake. The decrease of nutrient elements in roots resulted in oxidative stress in the plant, inhibiting the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity thereby reducing the translocation of nutrients (e.g., calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) translocation from roots to leaves. Furthermore, the phytohormones indolebutyric acid, gibberellin, and jasmonic acid of leaves were disturbed. This study reveals the risks associated with the application of MnO2-containing organic fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xunan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Zhen Yu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Science, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jia Pu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Meiying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
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Islam MS, Kasim S, Amin AM, Alam MK, Khatun MF, Ahmed S, Gaber A, Hossain A. Foliar application of enriched banana pseudostem sap influences the nutrient uptake, yield, and quality of sweet corn grown in an acidic soil. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285954. [PMID: 37643156 PMCID: PMC10464989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Foliar fertilization is a reliable technique for correcting a nutrient deficiency in plants caused by inadequate nutrient supply to the roots in acid soil. Soluble nutrients in banana pseudostem sap might be effective to supplement chemical fertilizers. However, the limited nutrients in sole banana pseudostem sap as foliar fertilization may not meet-up the nutritional demand of the crop. Field trials were, therefore, conducted with the combination of soil-applied fertilizers with foliar spray of banana pseudostem sap to increase nutrient uptake, yield, and quality of sweet corn planted in acidic soil. Three treatments viz., 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RD) as control (T1), 75% of RD applied in soil with foliar application of non-enriched banana pseudostem sap (T2), and 50% RD applied in soil with foliar spray of enriched banana pseudostem sap (T3) were replicated four times. The combination of soil-applied fertilizer with foliar spray of enriched banana pseudostem sap (T3) showed a significant increase in leaf area index (11.3%), photosynthesis (12%), fresh cob yield (39%), and biomass of corn (29%) over control. Besides, the 50% RD of soil fertilization with foliar spray of enriched pseudostem sap increased nutrient uptake in addition to an increase in sugar content, phenolic content, soluble protein, and amino acids of corn. Considering the economic analysis, the highest net income, BCR (3.74) and MBCR (1.25) values confirmed the economic viability of T3 treatment over the T1. The results suggest that foliar spray of enriched banana pseudostem sap can be used as a supplementary source of nutrients to enhance nutrient uptake by corn while increasing yield and minimizing chemical fertilizer use in acid soil.
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Grants
- The study was funded by the National Agricultural Technology Programme, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, and Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute for providing fellowship to perform research at the Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra, Malaysia. The study was alsopartially funded by the Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP - 2020/39), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahammad Shariful Islam
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Susilawati Kasim
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Adibah Mohd Amin
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Md. Khairul Alam
- Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Future Food Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Sharif Ahmed
- International Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Gaber
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Division of Soil Science, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
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Morad D, Bernstein N. Response of Medical Cannabis to Magnesium (Mg) Supply at the Vegetative Growth Phase. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2676. [PMID: 37514290 PMCID: PMC10386616 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated a significant impact of some major macronutrients on function and production of medical cannabis plants, yet information on the effect of most nutrients, including Mg, is scarce. Magnesium is required for major physiological functions and metabolic processes in plants, and in the present study we studied the effects of five Mg treatments (2, 20, 35, 70, and 140 mg L-1 Mg), on plant development and function, and distribution of minerals in drug-type (medical) cannabis plants, at the vegetative growth phase. The plants were cultivated in pots under controlled environment conditions. The results demonstrate that plant development is optimal under Mg supply of 35-70 mg L-1 (ppm), and impaired under lower Mg input of 2-20 mg L-1. Two mg L-1 Mg resulted in visual deficiency symptoms, shorter plants, reduced photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, photosynthetic pigments and stomatal conduction in young-mature leaves, and a 28% reduction of total plant biomass compared to the optimal supply of 35 mg L-1 Mg. The highest supply level of 140 mg L-1 Mg induced a small decrease in physiological function, which did not affect morphological development and biomass accumulation. The low-deficient Mg supply of 2 mg L-1 Mg stimulated Mg uptake and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mn, and Zn in the plant. Increased Mg supply impaired uptake of Ca and K and their root-to-shoot translocation, demonstrating competitive cation inhibition. Mg-deficiency symptoms developed first in old leaves (at 2 mg L-1 Mg) and progressed towards young-mature leaves, demonstrating ability for Mg in-planta storage and remobilization. Mg toxicity symptoms appeared in old leaves from the bottom of the plants, under 140 mg L-1 Mg. Taken together, the findings suggest 35-70 mg L-1 Mg as the optimal concentration range for cannabis plant development and function at the vegetative growth phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalit Morad
- Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nirit Bernstein
- Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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Pivetta CP, Chitolina SF, Dartora N, Pelegrin CMGD, Santos MVD, Cassol F, Batista LS. Copper exposure leads to changes in chlorophyll content and secondary metabolite profile in Lantana fucata leaves. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:571-584. [PMID: 37187188 DOI: 10.1071/fp23047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cultivation of plants in environments polluted by metals at toxic levels can affect the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Here, we analysed the effect caused by excess copper on the concentration of chlorophylls a and b and the profile of secondary metabolites of Lantana fucata leaves. Five copper (Cu) treatments (mg Cukg-1 soil) were tested: T0, 0; T1, 210; T2, 420; T3, 630; and T4, 840. We found that the concentrations of chlorophylls in the plants decreased when compared to the control. However, this did not lead to a significant reduction in its growth, possibly due to the low translocation of the metal to shoots and the activation of plant defence systems to tolerate the environment in which they are exposed, increasing the emission of lateral roots and activating pathways for the production of secondary metabolites. Therefore, we found a decrease in the concentration of two key compounds in secondary metabolism, p -coumaric and cinnamic acids in treatments with higher copper concentrations. We also found an increase in phenolics. Decreases in p -coumaric and cinnamic acids may have occurred because these are precursors in the synthesis of phenolic compounds, which are increased in the high Cu treatments. Six secondary metabolites were characterised, described for the first time for this plant species. Thus, the presence of excess Cu in the soil may have triggered an increase in the amount of reactive oxygen species in the plants, which that led to the synthesis of antioxidant compounds, as a defence strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlise Patrícia Pivetta
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Cerro Largo, Brazil; and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambientes e Tecnologias Sustentáveis (UFFS), Cerro Largo, Brazil
| | | | - Nessana Dartora
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Cerro Largo, Brazil
| | - Carla Maria Garlet de Pelegrin
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Cerro Largo, Brazil; and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambientes e Tecnologias Sustentáveis (UFFS), Cerro Largo, Brazil
| | - Marlei Veiga Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Cerro Largo, Brazil; and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambientes e Tecnologias Sustentáveis (UFFS), Cerro Largo, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Cassol
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Cerro Largo, Brazil
| | - Laura Spohr Batista
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Cerro Largo, Brazil; and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambientes e Tecnologias Sustentáveis (UFFS), Cerro Largo, Brazil
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5
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang W, Peng M, Tan G, Qaseem MF, Li H, Wu AM. Physiological and transcriptomic responses to magnesium deficiency in Neolamarckia Cadamba. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107645. [PMID: 36963300 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is a critical component of chlorophyll and enzymes involved in various physiological and biochemical processes essential for plant growth, biomass accumulation, and photosynthesis. Mg2+ deficiency (MgD) is common in hot and rainy subtropical areas due to its easy loss from soil. Neolamarckia cadamba, an important tropical tree in South Asia, faces severe effects of MgD, however, the responses of N. cadamba to MgD stress remain unclear. In here, effects of N. cadamba under MgD stress were investigated. The study revealed that MgD had lower plant biomass, fresh and dry weight, root length, root volume, and surface area compared to CK (normal Mg2+). As treatment time increased, the leaves began to yellow, and lesions appeared. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content, along with fluorescence-related parameters and leaf photosynthetic capacity, were significantly reduced in MgD stress compared to CK treatment. Transcriptome analysis showed that transporters as well as transcription factors (TFs) from MYC (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog), MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog), bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) and WRKY families were upregulated in leaves at 10 d of MgD stress, indicating that magnesium signaling transduction might be activated to compensate MgD. In addition, genes including chlorophyll(ide) b reductase (NYC1/NOL) chlorophyll/bacteriochlorophyll synthase (G4) and 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase synthesizing (HCAR) chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were down-regulated in leaves, while those scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) were mainly up-regulated at 10 d of MgD stress. These results shed light on underlying MgD in N. cadamba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mengxuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guoqing Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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6
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Tian G, Liu C, Xu X, Xing Y, Liu J, Lyu M, Feng Z, Zhang X, Qin H, Jiang H, Zhu Z, Jiang Y, Ge S. Effects of Magnesium on nitrate uptake and sorbitol synthesis and translocation in apple seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:139-151. [PMID: 36706693 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Both magnesium (Mg) and nitrogen (N) play many important roles in plant physiological and biochemical processes. Plants usually exhibit low nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) under Mg deficiency conditions, but the mechanisms by which Mg regulates NUE are not well understood. Herein, we investigated biomass, nutrient uptake, sorbitol and sucrose transport, and relative gene expression in apple seedlings under various concentrations of Mg and N treatments in hydroponic cultures. We first observed that low Mg supply significantly limited plant growth and N, Mg concentrations. Increasing the supply of N, but not Mg, partially alleviated the inhibition of plant growth under low Mg stress, which indicated that Mg deficiency had a negative impact on plant growth because it inhibits N absorption. Moreover, we found that the expression of nitrate transporter genes MdNRT2.1 and MdNRT2.4 was significantly downregulated by low Mg stress, and sufficient Mg significantly promoted sucrose and sorbitol synthesis and transport from leaves to roots by regulating relevant enzyme activity and genes expression. Further experiments showed that exogenous sorbitol could rapidly restore MdNRT2.1/2.4 expression and nitrate uptake under low Mg availability without increasing internal Mg level, suggesting that Mg may regulate MdNRT2.1/2.4 expression by regulating more sorbitol transport to roots, the effect of Mg on N was indirect, sorbitol played a key role during this process. Taken together, Mg promoted sorbitol synthesis and transport into roots, thus upregulating the expression of MdNRT2.1/2.4 and increasing the absorption of nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Chunling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Mengxue Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Ziquan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Hanhan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Han Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhanling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuanmao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Shunfeng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
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Tian G, Qin H, Liu C, Xing Y, Feng Z, Xu X, Liu J, Lyu M, Jiang H, Zhu Z, Jiang Y, Ge S. Magnesium improved fruit quality by regulating photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, carbon-nitrogen metabolism, and anthocyanin biosynthesis in 'Red Fuji' apple. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1136179. [PMID: 36909439 PMCID: PMC9995890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both nitrogen (N) and magnesium (Mg) play important roles in biochemical and physiological processes in plants. However, the application of excessive N and insufficient Mg may be the factor leading to low nitrogen utilization rate (NUE) and fruit quality degradation in apple production. METHODS In this study, we analyzed the effects of different application rates of Mg (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg/ha) on the photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), the accumulation and distribution of carbon (C), N metabolism, anthocyanin biosynthesis and fruit quality of the 'Red Fuji' apple in 2018 and 2019. RESULTS The results showed that the application of Mg significantly increased the 15NUE and increased the allocation rate of 15N in the leaves whereas the 15N allocation rate in the perennial organs and fruits was decreased. With the increase in Mg supply, the activities of N metabolism enzymes (NiR, GS, and GOGAT) were significantly promoted and the content of intermediate products in N metabolism ( NO 2 - , NH 4 + , and free amino acid) was significantly decreased. Furthermore, an appropriate rate of Mg significantly promoted the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), enhanced the enzyme activities of C metabolism (SS, SPS, S6PDH), and increased the contents of sorbitol and sucrose in leaves. In addition, Mg upregulated the gene expression of sugar transporters (MdSOT1, MdSOT3, MdSUT1, and MdSUT4) in fruit stalk and fruit fresh; 13C isotope tracer technology also showed that Mg significantly increased the 13C allocation in the fruits. Mg also significantly increased the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes (MdCHS and MdF3H) and transcription factors (MdMYB1 and MdbZIP44) and the content of anthocyanin in apple peel. CONCLUSION The comprehensive analysis showed that the appropriate application of Mg (150 kg/ha) promoted PNUE, C-N metabolism, and anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple trees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhanling Zhu
- *Correspondence: Zhanling Zhu, ; Yuanmao Jiang, ; Shunfeng Ge,
| | - Yuanmao Jiang
- *Correspondence: Zhanling Zhu, ; Yuanmao Jiang, ; Shunfeng Ge,
| | - Shunfeng Ge
- *Correspondence: Zhanling Zhu, ; Yuanmao Jiang, ; Shunfeng Ge,
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Ahmad Fauzi NS, Abd Rahim MH, Abdul Majid N, Othman R, Yaacob JS. Evaluation of the effect of jasmonic acid elicitation on composition of pigments and biological activities in green callus of neem (Azadirachta indica). FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1017398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out with the aim of determining the effects of jasmonic acid (JA) elicitation on the bioactive pigments' biosynthesis and the antioxidant activities in green callus of Azadirachta indica of two different ages (4- and 8-week-old). Plant tissue culture technique was employed to induce the formation of green callus from leaf explants of A. indica on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.6 mg/L thidiazuron (CM) and three different concentrations of JA (2, 4, and 6 mg/L). The methanolic extracts from the green callus were used for determination of total chlorophyll content (TCh), total carotenoid content (TC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) through colorimetric and HPLC analyses. The highest amount of yield was obtained from CM and 2 mg/L JA (2JA) extracts for 4- and 8-week-old samples, respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and terpenoids in all 4- and 8-week-old samples elicited with 2, 4 and 6 mg/L JA. The highest value for TAC, TCh, TC, TPC, and TFC of 4- and 8-week-old samples were from callus cultured on media supplemented with 6 mg/L JA (6JA) and 4 mg/L JA (4JA), respectively. The lowest IC50 values were found to be 8.29 ± 0.10 mg/mL (6JA) for 4-week-old and 7.73 ± 0.03 mg/mL (4JA) for 8-week-old samples. The highest Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) values obtained in this study were 90.60 ± 1.55 g/g (6JA), and 74.59 ± 3.91 g/g (4JA), respectively, for 4- and 8-week-old samples. Moreover, Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between TAC, TCh, TC, TPC, and TFC with ABTS and FRAP assays. In addition, PCA analysis revealed that 83.5% of the information (variances) contained in the data were retained by the first two principal components. Overall, these findings suggested that JA supplementation into the culture media significantly increase the chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, phenolic and flavonoid contents and JA concentrations at 6 mg/L JA and 4 mg/L JA yielded the highest pigments content in 4- and 8-weeks-old callus, respectively.
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9
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Giardi MT, Antonacci A, Touloupakis E, Mattoo AK. Investigation of Photosystem II Functional Size in Higher Plants under Physiological and Stress Conditions Using Radiation Target Analysis and Sucrose Gradient Ultracentrifugation. Molecules 2022; 27:5708. [PMID: 36080475 PMCID: PMC9457868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre is the critical supramolecular pigment-protein complex in the chloroplast which catalyses the light-induced transfer of electrons from water to plastoquinone. Structural studies have demonstrated the existence of an oligomeric PSII. We carried out radiation inactivation target analysis (RTA), together with sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation (SGU) of PSII, to study the functional size of PSII in diverse plant species under physiological and stress conditions. Two PSII populations, made of dimeric and monomeric core particles, were revealed in Pisum sativum, Spinacea oleracea, Phaseulus vulgaris, Medicago sativa, Zea mais and Triticum durum. However, this core pattern was not ubiquitous in the higher plants since we found one monomeric core population in Vicia faba and a dimeric core in the Triticum durum yellow-green strain, respectively. The PSII functional sizes measured in the plant seedlings in vivo, as a decay of the maximum quantum yield of PSII for primary photochemistry, were in the range of 75-101 ± 18 kDa, 2 to 3 times lower than those determined in vitro. Two abiotic stresses, heat and drought, imposed individually on Pisum sativum, increased the content of the dimeric core in SGU and the minimum functional size determined by RTA in vivo. These data suggest that PSII can also function as a monomer in vivo, while under heat and drought stress conditions, the dimeric PSII structure is predominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Giardi
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Italy
- Biosensor Srl, Via Olmetti 44, 00060 Formello, Italy
| | - Amina Antonacci
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Eleftherios Touloupakis
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Autar K. Mattoo
- USDA-ARS, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Chtouki M, Naciri R, Garré S, Nguyen F, Oukarroum A. Chickpea plant responses to polyphosphate fertiliser forms and drip fertigation frequencies: effect on photosynthetic performance and phenotypic traits. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:505-516. [PMID: 34147138 DOI: 10.1071/fp21035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the main biophysiological process that governs plant growth and development. Under nutrient deficiency in crops and soils, many photosynthetic reactions can be disturbed. We compared two polyphosphates (Poly-A and Poly-B) and an orthophosphate fertiliser (Ortho-P) to an unfertilised treatment under three drip fertigation frequencies. Results showed that the electron transport chain between PSII and PSI was significantly enhanced in fertigated chickpea plants compared with the control treatment. The polyphosphate fertiliser (Poly-A) enhanced the number of electron acceptors of the photosynthetic linear electron transport chain compared with the other fertiliser forms. Furthermore, the time for reaching the maximum intensity F m was shortened in the fertilised chickpea plant indicating that the rate of light trapping and electron transport was enhanced under phosphorus drip fertigation. Also, the energy needed to close all reaction centres was decreased with P fertigated treatments, as revealed by the electron acceptor pool size of PSII (Sm/tFmax ). However, no significant effects of fertiliser forms or fertigation frequencies were observed on the energetic demand for reaction centres closure. Plants grown under polyphosphate fertigation absorbed significantly more phosphorus. Positive correlations between phosphorus uptake, photosynthetic yield, chickpea podding dynamic, and grain yield showed the beneficial effects of adequate phosphorus nutrition on chickpea growth and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Chtouki
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University - AgoBioSciences, Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; and University of Liege - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Faculty, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - Rachida Naciri
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University - AgoBioSciences, Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Sarah Garré
- University of Liege - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Faculty, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - Frederic Nguyen
- University of Liege - UR UEE, School of Engineering, Liege B-4000, Belgium
| | - Abdallah Oukarroum
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University - AgoBioSciences, Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; and Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, High Throughput Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; and Corresponding author
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11
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Ishfaq M, Wang Y, Yan M, Wang Z, Wu L, Li C, Li X. Physiological Essence of Magnesium in Plants and Its Widespread Deficiency in the Farming System of China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:802274. [PMID: 35548291 PMCID: PMC9085447 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.802274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient for a wide array of fundamental physiological and biochemical processes in plants. It largely involves chlorophyll synthesis, production, transportation, and utilization of photoassimilates, enzyme activation, and protein synthesis. As a multifaceted result of the introduction of high-yielding fertilizer-responsive cultivars, intensive cropping without replenishment of Mg, soil acidification, and exchangeable Mg (Ex-Mg) leaching, Mg has become a limiting nutrient for optimum crop production. However, little literature is available to better understand distinct responses of plants to Mg deficiency, the geographical distribution of soil Ex-Mg, and the degree of Mg deficiency. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of key plant responses to Mg availability and, as far as possible, highlight spatial Mg distribution and the magnitude of Mg deficiency in different cultivated regions of the world with a special focus on China. In particular, ~55% of arable lands in China are revealed Mg-deficient (< 120 mg kg-1 soil Ex-Mg), and Mg deficiency literally becomes increasingly severe from northern (227-488 mg kg-1) to southern (32-89 mg kg-1) China. Mg deficiency primarily traced back to higher depletion of soil Ex-Mg by fruits, vegetables, sugarcane, tubers, tea, and tobacco cultivated in tropical and subtropical climate zones. Further, each unit decline in soil pH from neutral reduced ~2-fold soil Ex-Mg. This article underscores the physiological importance of Mg, potential risks associated with Mg deficiency, and accordingly, to optimize fertilization strategies for higher crop productivity and better quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishfaq
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Liangquan Wu
- International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuexian Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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12
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Differences in PI total of Quercus liaotungensis seedlings between provenance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23439. [PMID: 34873278 PMCID: PMC8648719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance index of overall photochemistry (PItotal) is widely used in photosynthesis research, but the PItotal interspecies differences are unclear. To this end, seeds of Quercus liaotungensis from 10 geographical provenances were planted in two different climate types. Two years later, leaf relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and chlorophyll a fluorescence transient of seedlings were measured. Meanwhile, the environmental factors of provenance location, including temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, wind speed, transpiration pressure, and soil properties, were retrieved to analyze the trends of PItotal among geographic provenance. The results showed that, in each climate type, there was no significant difference in SPAD and electron transfer status between PSII and PSI, but PItotal was significantly different among geographic provenances. The major internal causes of PItotal interspecies differences were the efficiency of electronic transfer to final PSI acceptor and the number of active reaction centers per leaf cross-section. The main external causes of PItotal interspecies differences were precipitation of the warmest quarter, solar radiation intensity in July, and annual precipitation of provenance location. PItotal had the highest correlation with precipitation of the warmest quarter of origin and could be fitted by the Sine function. The peak location and fluctuating trend of precipitation-PItotal fitted curve were different in two climate types, largely due to the difference of precipitation and upper soil conductivity in the two test sites. Utilizing the interspecific variation and trends of PItotal might be a good strategy to screen high and stable photosynthetic efficiency of Q. liaotungensis provenance.
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Yang Y, Zhu X, Cui R, Wang R, Li H, Wang J, Chen H, Zhang D. Identification of soybean phosphorous efficiency QTLs and genes using chlorophyll fluorescence parameters through GWAS and RNA-seq. PLANTA 2021; 254:110. [PMID: 34716824 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Soybean phosphorous efficiency QTLs were identified and candidate genes were predicted using chlorophyll fluorescence parameters through GWAS and RNA-seq. Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient element for crop growth and development, lack of P uptake seriously affects yield in various crops. Photosynthesis is the basis of crop production, while it is very sensitive to P deficiency. It is of great importance to study the genetic relationship between photosynthesis and P efficiency to provide genetic insight for soybean improvement. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using 292,035 SNPs and the ratios of four main chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of 219 diverse soybean accessions under P deficiency and normal P across three experiments. In total, 52 SNPs in 12 genomic regions were detected in association with the four main chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under sufficient or deficient P levels. Combined it with RNA-seq analysis, we predicted three candidate genes for the significant genomic regions. For example, the expression level of the candidate gene (Glyma.18g092900) in P deficiency tolerant accession was three times higher than that of P deficiency sensitive one under phosphorous deficiency condition. This study provides insight into genetic links between photosynthetic and phosphorous efficiency and further functional analysis will provide valuable information for understanding the underlying genetic mechanism to facilitate marker-assisted breeding in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhu
- Henan Xuke Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Xuchang, China
| | - Ruifan Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiyang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinshe Wang
- Zhengzhou National Subcenter for Soybean Improvement, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Magnesium Foliar Supplementation Increases Grain Yield of Soybean and Maize by Improving Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism and Antioxidant Metabolism. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040797. [PMID: 33921574 PMCID: PMC8072903 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this study was to explore whether supplementary magnesium (Mg) foliar fertilization to soybean and maize crops established in a soil without Mg limitation can improve the gas exchange and Rubisco activity, as well as improve antioxidant metabolism, converting higher plant metabolism into grain yield. (2) Methods: Here, we tested foliar Mg supplementation in soybean followed by maize. Nutritional status of plants, photosynthesis, PEPcase and Rubisco activity, sugar concentration on leaves, oxidative stress, antioxidant metabolism, and finally the crops grain yields were determined. (3) Results: Our results demonstrated that foliar Mg supplementation increased the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, and reduced the sub-stomatal CO2 concentration and leaf transpiration by measuring in light-saturated conditions. The improvement in photosynthesis (gas exchange and Rubisco activity) lead to an increase in the concentration of sugar in the leaves before grain filling. In addition, we also confirmed that foliar Mg fertilization can improve anti-oxidant metabolism, thereby reducing the environmental stress that plants face during their crop cycle in tropical field conditions. (4) Conclusions: Our research brings the new glimpse of foliar Mg fertilization as a strategy to increase the metabolism of crops, resulting in increased grain yields. This type of biological strategy could be encouraged for wide utilization in cropping systems.
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Yousaf M, Bashir S, Raza H, Shah AN, Iqbal J, Arif M, Bukhari MA, Muhammad S, Hashim S, Alkahtani J, Alwahibi MS, Hu C. Role of nitrogen and magnesium for growth, yield and nutritional quality of radish. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3021-3030. [PMID: 34025178 PMCID: PMC8117034 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) affects all levels of plant function from metabolism to resource allocation, growth, and development and Magnesium (Mg) is a macronutrient that is necessary to both plant growth and health. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) occupies an important position in the production and consumption of vegetables globally, but there are still many problems and challenges in its nutrient management. A pot trial was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen and magnesium fertilizers on radish during the year 2018-2019. Nitrogen and magnesium was applied at three rates (0, 0.200, and 0.300 g N kg-1 soil) and (0, 0.050, and 0.100 g Mg kg-1 soil) respectively. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) and each treatment was replicated three times. Growth, yield and quality indicators of radish (plant height, root length, shoot length, plant weight, total soluble sugar, ascorbic acid, total soluble protein, crude fiber, etc.) were studied. The results indicated that different rates of nitrogen and magnesium fertilizer not only influence the growth dynamics and yields but also enhances radish quality. The results revealed that the growth, yield and nutrient contents of radish were increased at a range of 0.00 g N. kg-1 soil to 0.300 g N. kg-1 soil and 0.00 g Mg. kg-1 soil to 0.050 g Mg. kg-1 soil and then decreased gradually at a level of 0.100 g Mg. kg-1 soil. In contrast, the crude fiber contents in radish decreased significantly with increasing nitrogen and magnesium level but increased significantly at Mg2 level (0.050 g Mg. kg-1 soil). The current study produced helpful results for increasing radish quality, decreasing production costs, and diminishing underground water contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yousaf
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Bashir
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Hasnain Raza
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Javaid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Agricultural Officer (Lab), Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Layyah 31200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Bukhari
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Muhammad
- Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Hashim
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jawaher Alkahtani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona S. Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- College of Resources and Environment/Micro-element Research Center/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
- Corresponding author at: College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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16
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Samal P, Mohapatra PK, Naik SK, Mukherjee AK. Improved photosystem II and defense enzymes activity in rice (Oryza sativa) by biopriming against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:298-311. [PMID: 33189157 DOI: 10.1071/fp20221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a major threat to rice production as it accounts for loss up to 50% of annual rice grain yield. Xoo causes leaf tissue necrosis and as a result there is downregulation of the photosynthetic mechanisms of plant. Measurement of chl a fluorescence is an easy, fast, non-invasive and highly sensitive technique that can be used to understand plant health by measuring alterations in PSII activity, in response to different biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present investigation, rice seeds were bio-primed with two bacterial spp. (e.g. Bacillus subtilis and B. megaterium) and one fungal strain (i.e. Trichoderma erinaceum). The induction of defence against BB disease by bio-priming with biotic agents, was studied as response in alteration of PSII and defence enzymes activity. Field experiment was conducted with the best biotic agent; i.e. B. subtilis obtained from all experiments to study whether defence induction by it have any side effect on rice yield and biomass. Net house and field experiments have suggested that among all the biotic agents studied, bio-priming of rice seeds with B. subtilis has protected the photosynthetic machinery of plants from being damaged by BB without having any detrimental effect on rice grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankajini Samal
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack-753006, Odisha, India
| | | | - Soumendra K Naik
- Department of Botany, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack-753003, Odisha, India
| | - Arup K Mukherjee
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack-753006, Odisha, India; and Corresponding author. ;
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Li Q, Jin C, Wang G, Ji J, Guan C, Li X. Enhancement of endogenous SA accumulation improves poor-nutrition stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing a SA-binding protein gene. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 292:110384. [PMID: 32005389 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in the response of plants to abiotic stresses. Starvation stress affects plant cell metabolic activities, which further limits the normal growth and development of plants. It was reported that SA might play a regulatory role in the process of plant against starvation stress, but the mechanism involved in this process is still unclear. Thus, in this study, the transgenic plants overexpressing a SA binding protein 2 (SABP2) gene were exposed to starvation stress and the transgenic lines showed starvation-tolerant phenotype. Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, transgenic plants showed better growth status under poor-nutrition stress. Transgenic plants also showed more vigorous roots than WT plants. Physiological tests indicated that the transgenic plants showed higher relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity, endogenous SA content, and lower ROS level compared to WT plants. Transcriptome analysis of tobacco plants identified 3, 748 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between transgenic and WT plants under starvation stress. These DEGs are mainly involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway group, MAPK signaling pathway group and plant hormone signal transduction pathway group. As determined by qPCR, up-regulated expression of fifteen genes such as abscisic acid receptor PYR1-like gene (NtPYR1-like), bidirectional sugar transporter N3-like gene (NtSWEETN3-like) and superoxide dismutase [Fe] chloroplastic-like gene (NtFeSOD-like), etc., was observed in transgenic plants under poor-nutrition stress which was in accordance with RNA-sequencing results. The modified pathways involved in plant hormone signaling are thought to be at least one of the main causes of the increased starvation tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants with altered SA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chao Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chunfeng Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Xiaozhou Li
- Tianjin Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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18
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Sitko K, Gieroń Ż, Szopiński M, Zieleźnik-Rusinowska P, Rusinowski S, Pogrzeba M, Daszkowska-Golec A, Kalaji HM, Małkowski E. Influence of short-term macronutrient deprivation in maize on photosynthetic characteristics, transpiration and pigment content. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14181. [PMID: 31578358 PMCID: PMC6775257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the research was to compare the impact of short-term deprivation of selected macronutrients (Ca, K, Mg and P) on the photosynthetic characteristics, transpiration and pigment content in maize. The strongest inhibition of photosynthesis was caused by a deprivation of Mg, which was visible as a decrease in the photosynthetic and transpiration rates, stomatal conductance, photosystem II (PSII) performance, chlorophyll and flavonol content with a simultaneously increased content of anthocyanins. In the K-deprived plants, a decrease in the photosynthetic rate was observed. However, the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance did not differ significantly compared with the control. In the K-deprived plants, a decrease in chlorophyll and an increase in the anthocyanin content were also observed. We showed that Ca starvation resulted in a decrease in the photosynthetic and transpiration rates, stomatal conductance and PSII performance, while the pigment content was not significantly different compared with the control. In the case of P-deprived plants, we observed a decrease in the photosynthetic and transpiration rates. Interestingly, the inhibition of stomatal conductance was the strongest in the P-deprived plants compared with all of the investigated elements. However, the performance of PSII was not significantly affected by P starvation compared with the control. Our results present for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the effect of short-term macronutrient deprivation on photosynthesis and transpiration in maize plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sitko
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Żaneta Gieroń
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Szopiński
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | | | - Marta Pogrzeba
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz Małkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
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Hauer-Jákli M, Tränkner M. Critical Leaf Magnesium Thresholds and the Impact of Magnesium on Plant Growth and Photo-Oxidative Defense: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis From 70 Years of Research. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:766. [PMID: 31275333 PMCID: PMC6592071 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) deficiency in plants is a widespread problem affecting productivity and quality in agricultural systems and forestry. Although numerous studies addressed the effect of Mg deficiency on biomass and photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, a summary evaluation of the effect of Mg supply on plant growth and photosynthesis is so far missing. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to collect and combine all relevant scientifically published data on the relationship between Mg nutrition and parameters that can be related to plant growth such as root and shoot biomass, harvestable yield, net CO2 assimilation and antioxidant enzyme activities. Moreover, this data pool was used to calculate critical Mg leaf concentrations for biomass and net CO2 assimilation for various plant species. Summarizing all studies included in our analysis, adequate Mg supply enhances net CO2 assimilation by 140%, leading to a biomass increase of 61% compared to Mg deficient control plants. Biomass partitioning between shoot and root is not only sensitive to Mg nutrition, but highly affected by the experimental cultivation technique. If plants are grown under adequate Mg supply during initial growth stages before exposing them to Mg deficiency, the shoot-root ratio was not affected. Otherwise, the shoot-root ratio significantly decreased in contrast to Mg deficient control plants. Concentration of reactive oxygen species decreased under adequate Mg supply by 31% compared to Mg deficient plants, resulting in decreased activities of most antioxidant enzymes and metabolites under adequate Mg supply. We combined all published data relating leaf Mg concentrations to growth and found a critical leaf Mg range for dry weight between 0.1 and 0.2% which was valid for numerous crop species such as wheat, potato, rice, maize, sorghum and barley. Critical leaf Mg concentrations for net CO2 assimilation were higher than for biomass for most species, e.g., potato, rice, citrus, and cotton. In conclusion, our evaluation can be used to identify Mg nutritional status in plants and may help to optimize fertilization strategies. It quantifies the demand of Mg for various crop and tree species for maintaining important physiological processes such as net CO2 assimilation that is required for optimal plant growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hauer-Jákli
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Applied Plant Nutrition, Georg-August University Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Merle Tränkner
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Applied Plant Nutrition, Georg-August University Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Rapacz M, Wójcik-Jagła M, Fiust A, Kalaji HM, Kościelniak J. Genome-Wide Associations of Chlorophyll Fluorescence OJIP Transient Parameters Connected With Soil Drought Response in Barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:78. [PMID: 30828338 PMCID: PMC6384533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
One hundred and nine accessions of spring barley seedlings were phenotyped under soil drought conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence induction (OJIP) parameters, leaf water content, relative turgidity, net assimilation rate (P N), and water use efficiency (WUE) of plants were measured. All the tested lines were genotyped by means of DArT sequencing (DArTseq) technology. For association mapping a 11,780 polymorphic DArTseq and 4,725 DArTseq SNP markers were used. Our results revealed dissimilar patterns of the relationships between OJIP-parameters under control and drought conditions. A high level of correlation between parameters characterizing Photosystem's II (PSII) energy trapping efficiency (Fv/Fm) and photochemical events downstream of PSII reaction center (e.g., Performance Index-PICSo) was observed only in the case of drought-treated plants. Generally, OJIP parameters were correlated with leaf water content (less in control). This correlation was weaker with WUE, and absent with P N. Under drought stress, 6,252 genotype × phenotype associations, which passed false discovery rate (FDR) verification, were found between all the studied phenotypic characteristics (23, including 19 OJIP parameters) and 2,721 markers. On the other hand, only 282 associations passed FDR test in the control. They comprised 22 phenotypic parameters and 205 markers. Probing for gene annotations of sequences was performed for markers associated with Fv/Fm for both drought and control, markers were associated with studied traits in both control and drought, as well as for markers associated with both OJIP and other physiological parameters in drought. Our work allowed us to conclude that drought treatment differentiates the studied lines through the revealing of relationships between water content and the damages to PSII reaction centers or different components of PSII energy transfer chain. Moreover, the former was not connected with net photosynthesis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Rapacz
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Anna Fiust
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Grasslands, Institute of Technology and Life Sciences (ITP), Raszyn, Poland
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Grasslands, Institute of Technology and Life Sciences (ITP), Raszyn, Poland
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Kościelniak
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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