1
|
Zhang R, Drummond AJ, Mendes FK. Fast Bayesian Inference of Phylogenies from Multiple Continuous Characters. Syst Biol 2024; 73:102-124. [PMID: 38085256 PMCID: PMC11129596 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Time-scaled phylogenetic trees are an ultimate goal of evolutionary biology and a necessary ingredient in comparative studies. The accumulation of genomic data has resolved the tree of life to a great extent, yet timing evolutionary events remain challenging if not impossible without external information such as fossil ages and morphological characters. Methods for incorporating morphology in tree estimation have lagged behind their molecular counterparts, especially in the case of continuous characters. Despite recent advances, such tools are still direly needed as we approach the limits of what molecules can teach us. Here, we implement a suite of state-of-the-art methods for leveraging continuous morphology in phylogenetics, and by conducting extensive simulation studies we thoroughly validate and explore our methods' properties. While retaining model generality and scalability, we make it possible to estimate absolute and relative divergence times from multiple continuous characters while accounting for uncertainty. We compile and analyze one of the most data-type diverse data sets to date, comprised of contemporaneous and ancient molecular sequences, and discrete and continuous morphological characters from living and extinct Carnivora taxa. We conclude by synthesizing lessons about our method's behavior, and suggest future research venues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School 169857, Singapore
| | - Alexei J Drummond
- Centre for Computational Evolution, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Fábio K Mendes
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lo YY, Cheng RC, Lin CP. Integrative species delimitation and five new species of lynx spiders (Araneae, Oxyopidae) in Taiwan. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301776. [PMID: 38722906 PMCID: PMC11081396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
An accurate assessment of species diversity is a cornerstone of biology and conservation. The lynx spiders (Araneae: Oxyopidae) represent one of the most diverse and widespread cursorial spider groups, however their species richness in Asia is highly underestimated. In this study, we revised species diversity with extensive taxon sampling in Taiwan and explored species boundaries based on morphological traits and genetic data using a two-step approach of molecular species delimitation. Firstly, we employed a single COI dataset and applied two genetic distance-based methods: ABGD and ASAP, and two topology-based methods: GMYC and bPTP. Secondly, we further analyzed the lineages that were not consistently delimited, and incorporated H3 to the dataset for a coalescent-based analysis using BPP. A total of eight morphological species were recognized, including five new species, Hamataliwa cordivulva sp. nov., Hamat. leporauris sp. nov., Tapponia auriola sp. nov., T. parva sp. nov. and T. rarobulbus sp. nov., and three newly recorded species, Hamadruas hieroglyphica (Thorell, 1887), Hamat. foveata Tang & Li, 2012 and Peucetia latikae Tikader, 1970. All eight morphological species exhibited reciprocally monophyletic lineages. The results of molecular-based delimitation analyses suggested a variety of species hypotheses that did not fully correspond to the eight morphological species. We found that Hamat. cordivulva sp. nov. and Hamat. foveata showed shallow genetic differentiation in the COI, but they were unequivocally distinguishable according to their genitalia. In contrast, T. parva sp. nov. represented a deep divergent lineage, while differences of genitalia were not detected. This study highlights the need to comprehensively employ multiple evidence and methods to delineate species boundaries and the values of diagnostic morphological characters for taxonomic studies in lynx spiders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yuan Lo
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Wild Animals Division, Biodiversity Research Institute, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Chung Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Global Change Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ping Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silva FLD, de Medeiros BAS, Farrell BD. Once upon a fly: The biogeographical odyssey of Labrundinia (Chironomidae, Tanypodinae), an aquatic non-biting midge towards diversification. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 194:108025. [PMID: 38342160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Labrundinia is a highly recognizable lineage in the Pentaneurini tribe (Diptera, Chironomidae). The distinct predatory free-swimming larvae of this genus are typically present in unpolluted aquatic environments, such as small streams, ponds, lakes, and bays. They can be found on the bottom mud, clinging to rocks and wood, and dwelling among aquatic vegetation. Labrundinia has been extensively studied in ecological research and comprises 39 species, all but one of which has been described from regions outside the Palearctic. Earlier phylogenetic studies have suggested that the initial diversification of the genus likely occurred in the Neotropical Region, with its current presence in the Nearctic Region and southern South America being the result of subsequent dispersal events. Through the integration of molecular and morphological data in a calibrated phylogeny, we reveal a complex and nuanced evolutionary history for Labrundinia, providing insights into its biogeographical and diversification patterns. In this comprehensive study, we analyze a dataset containing 46 Labrundinia species, totaling 10,662 characters, consisting of 10,616 nucleotide sites and 46 morphological characters. The molecular data was generated mainly by anchored enrichment hybrid methods. Using this comprehensive dataset, we inferred the phylogeny of the group based on a total evidence matrix. Subsequently, we employed the generated tree for time calibration and further analysis of biogeography and diversification patterns. Our findings reveal multiple dispersal events out of the Neotropics, where the group originated in the late Cretaceous approximately 72 million years ago (69-78 Ma). We further reveal that the genus experienced an early burst of diversification rates during the Paleocene, which gradually decelerated towards the present-day. We also find that the Neotropics have played a pivotal role in the evolution of Labrundinia by serving as both a cradle and a museum. By "cradle," we mean that the region has been a hotspot for the origin and diversification of new Labrundinia lineages, while "museum" refers to the region's ability to preserve ancestral lineages over extended periods. In summary, our findings indicate that the Neotropics have been a key source of genetic diversity for Labrundinia, resulting in the development of distinctive adaptations and characteristics within the genus. This evidence highlights the crucial role that these regions have played in shaping the evolutionary trajectory of Labrundinia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Laurindo da Silva
- Laboratory of Aquatic Insect Biodiversity and Ecology, Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
| | - Bruno A S de Medeiros
- Field Museum of Natural History, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Chicago, USA; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Brian D Farrell
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu KP, Kuntner M. Discovering unknown Madagascar biodiversity: integrative taxonomy of raft spiders (Pisauridae: Dolomedes). PeerJ 2024; 12:e16781. [PMID: 38435991 PMCID: PMC10906265 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Madagascar is a global biodiversity hotspot, but its biodiversity continues to be underestimated and understudied. Of raft spiders, genus Dolomedes Latreille, 1804, literature only reports two species on Madagascar. Our single expedition to humid forests of eastern and northern Madagascar, however, yielded a series of Dolomedes exemplars representing both sexes of five morphospecies. To avoid only using morphological diagnostics, we devised and tested an integrative taxonomic model for Dolomedes based on the unified species concept. The model first determines morphospecies within a morphometrics framework, then tests their validity via species delimitation using COI. It then incorporates habitat preferences, geological barriers, and dispersal related traits to form hypotheses about gene flow limitations. Our results reveal four new Dolomedes species that we describe from both sexes as Dolomedes gregoric sp. nov., D. bedjanic sp. nov., D. hydatostella sp. nov., and D. rotundus sp. nov. The range of D. kalanoro Silva & Griswold, 2013, now also known from both sexes, is expanded to eastern Madagascar. By increasing the known raft spider diversity from one valid species to five, our results merely scratch the surface of the true Dolomedes species diversity on Madagascar. Our integrative taxonomic model provides the framework for future revisions of raft spiders anywhere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Ping Yu
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Kuntner
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kulkarni S, Wood HM, Hormiga G. Advances in the reconstruction of the spider tree of life: A roadmap for spider systematics and comparative studies. Cladistics 2023; 39:479-532. [PMID: 37787157 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade and a half, advances in genetic sequencing technologies have revolutionized systematics, transforming the field from studying morphological characters or a few genetic markers, to genomic datasets in the phylogenomic era. A plethora of molecular phylogenetic studies on many taxonomic groups have come about, converging on, or refuting prevailing morphology or legacy-marker-based hypotheses about evolutionary affinities. Spider systematics has been no exception to this transformation and the inter-relationships of several groups have now been studied using genomic data. About 51 500 extant spider species have been described, all with a conservative body plan, but innumerable morphological and behavioural peculiarities. Inferring the spider tree of life using morphological data has been a challenging task. Molecular data have corroborated many hypotheses of higher-level relationships, but also resulted in new groups that refute previous hypotheses. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the reconstruction of the spider tree of life and highlight areas where additional effort is needed with potential solutions. We base this review on the most comprehensive spider phylogeny to date, representing 131 of the 132 spider families. To achieve this sampling, we combined six Sanger-based markers with newly generated and publicly available genome-scale datasets. We find that some inferred relationships between major lineages of spiders (such as Austrochiloidea, Palpimanoidea and Synspermiata) are robust across different classes of data. However, several new hypotheses have emerged with different classes of molecular data. We identify and discuss the robust and controversial hypotheses and compile this blueprint to design future studies targeting systematic revisions of these problematic groups. We offer an evolutionary framework to explore comparative questions such as evolution of venoms, silk, webs, morphological traits and reproductive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Kulkarni
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2029 G St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 1000 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Hannah M Wood
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 1000 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Gustavo Hormiga
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2029 G St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Caetano C, Griswold CE, Michalik P, Labarque FM. Evolution and comparative morphology of raptorial feet in spiders. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2023; 74:101255. [PMID: 37011488 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Spiders are among the most diverse animals, which developed different morphological and behavioral traits for capturing prey. We studied the anatomy and functionality of the rare and apomorphic raptorial spider feet using 3D reconstruction modeling, among other imaging techniques. The evolutionary reconstruction of the raptorial feet (tarsus plus pretarsus) features using a composite tree of spiders, indicating that similar traits emerged three times independently in Trogloraptoridae, Gradungulinae, and Doryonychus raptor (Tetragnathidae). The characteristics defining the raptorial feet are an interlocked complex merging of the base of the elongated prolateral claw with the pretarsal sclerotized ring, with the former clasping against the tarsus. Raptorial feet even flex over robust raptorial macrosetae forming a reduced tarsal version of a catching basket to encase prey during hunting. Our results show that Celaeniini (Araneidae) and Heterogriffus berlandi (Thomisidae), taxa previously compared with raptorial spiders, lack the raptorial feet key characteristics and the tarsal-catching basket. We make predictions about the possible behavior of the abovementioned taxa that will need to be tested by observing living specimens. We conclude that multiple morphological tarsal and pretarsal micro-structures define the raptorial foot functional unit and recommend a comprehensive evaluation before assigning this configuration to any spider taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Caetano
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva (DEBE), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), campus São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, CEP, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Hidrobiologia (DHb), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), campus São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, CEP, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Charles E Griswold
- California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
| | - Peter Michalik
- Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Facundo M Labarque
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva (DEBE), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), campus São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, CEP, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hazzi NA, Hormiga G. Molecular phylogeny of the tropical wandering spiders (Araneae, Ctenidae) and the evolution of eye conformation in the RTA clade. Cladistics 2023; 39:18-42. [PMID: 36200603 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical wandering spiders (Ctenidae) are a diverse group of cursorial predators with its greatest species richness in the tropics. Traditionally, Ctenidae are diagnosed based on the presence of eight eyes arranged in three rows (a 2-4-2 pattern). We present a molecular phylogeny of Ctenidae, including for the first time representatives of all of its subfamilies. The molecular phylogeny was inferred using five nuclear (histone H3, 28S, 18S, Actin and ITS-2) and four mitochondrial (NADH, COI, 12S and 16S) markers. The final matrix includes 259 terminals, 103 of which belong to Ctenidae and represent 28 of the current 49 described genera. We estimated divergence times by including fossils as calibration points and biogeographic events, and used the phylogenetic hypothesis obtained to reconstruct the evolution of the eye conformation in the retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) clade. Ctenidae and its main lineages originated during the Paleocene-Eocene and have diversified in the tropics since then. However, in some analyses Ctenidae was recovered as polyphyletic as the genus Ancylometes Bertkau, 1880 was placed as sister to Oxyopidae. Except for Acantheinae, in which the type genus Acantheis Thorell, 1891 is placed inside Cteninae, the four recognized subfamilies of Ctenidae are monophyletic in most analyses. The ancestral reconstruction of the ocular conformation in the retrolateral tibial apophysis clade suggests that the ocular pattern of Ctenidae has evolved convergently seven times and that it has originated from ocular conformations of two rows of four eyes (4-4) and the ocular pattern of lycosids (4-2-2). We also synonymize the monotypic genus Parabatinga Polotov & Brescovit, 2009 with Centroctenus Mello-Leitão, 1929. We discuss some of the putative morphological synapomorphies of the main ctenid lineages within the phylogenetic framework offered by the molecular phylogenetic results of the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Hazzi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2029 G St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Fundación Ecotonos, Cra 72 No. 13ª-56, Cali, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Hormiga
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2029 G St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chu C, Lu Y, Li S, Yao Z. Taxonomic notes on eleven species of the subfamily Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from Asia. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e96003. [PMID: 36761640 PMCID: PMC9836443 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e96003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The spider family Ctenidae Keyserling, 1877 has a worldwide distribution with 584 species belonging to 49 genera. Amongst these, 141 species are from Asia, including 130 species assigned to Cteninae Keyserling, 1877. New information Nine new species belonging to three genera of Cteninae are reported from Asia: Amauropelmakrabi sp. n. (female; Krabi, Thailand), Am.phangnga sp. n. (male; Phang Nga, Thailand), Am.saraburi sp. n. (male and female; Saraburi, Thailand); Anahitamedog sp. n. (male and female; Tibet, China); Bowieninhbinh sp. n. (male; Ninh Binh, Vietnam) and B.vinhphuc sp. n. (male and female; Vinh Phuc, Vietnam) from the robustus-species group; B.borneo sp. n. (male; Sabah, Malaysia) from the chinagirl-species group; B.engkilili sp. n. (female; Engkilili, Malaysia); B.sabah sp. n. (male and female; Sabah, Malaysia) from the scarymonsters-species group. The male of An.popa Jäger & Minn, 2015 and the female of B.fascination Jäger, 2022 (robustus-species group) are described for the first time. B.fascination Jäger, 2022 is reported from China for the first time. In addition, the DNA barcodes of all the species in this study were obtained, except for B.vinhphuc sp. n.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chu
- College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Shenyang Normal UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Ying Lu
- College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Shenyang Normal UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Shenyang Normal UniversityShenyangChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li M, Liu M, Hu SY, Luo FZ, Yuan ML. Comparative mitogenomic analyses provide evolutionary insights into the retrolateral tibial apophysis clade (Araneae: Entelegynae). Front Genet 2022; 13:974084. [PMID: 36186478 PMCID: PMC9515440 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.974084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) clade is the largest spider lineage within Araneae. To better understand the diversity and evolution, we newly determined mitogenomes of ten RTA species from six families and performed a comparative mitogenomics analysis by combining them with 40 sequenced RTA mitogenomes available on GenBank. The ten mitogenomes encoded 37 typical mitochondrial genes and included a large non-coding region (putative control region). Nucleotide composition and codon usage were well conserved within the RTA clade, whereas diversity in sequence length and structural features was observed in control region. A reversal of strand asymmetry in nucleotide composition, i.e., negative AT-skews and positive GC-skews, was observed in each RTA species, likely resulting from mitochondrial gene rearrangements. All protein-coding genes were evolving under purifying selection, except for atp8 whose Ka/Ks was larger than 1, possibly due to positive selection or selection relaxation. Both mutation pressure and natural selection might contribute to codon usage bias of 13 protein-coding genes in the RTA lineage. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitogenomic data recovered a family-level phylogeny within the RTA; {[(Oval calamistrum clade, Dionycha), Marronoid clade], Sparassidae}. This study characterized RTA mitogenomes and provided some new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of the RTA clade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, Lanzhou University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, Lanzhou University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shi-Yun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, Lanzhou University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fang-Zhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, Lanzhou University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ming-Long Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, Lanzhou University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- *Correspondence: Ming-Long Yuan,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dupérré N. Araneae (spiders) of South America: a synopsis of current knowledge. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2021.2022722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Dupérré
- Zoological Museum Hamburg, Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Center for Taxonomy and Morphology, Hamburg, Germany
- American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Azevedo GHF, Bougie T, Carboni M, Hedin M, Ramírez MJ. Combining genomic, phenotypic and Sanger sequencing data to elucidate the phylogeny of the two-clawed spiders (Dionycha). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 166:107327. [PMID: 34666169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The importance of morphology in the phylogenomic era has recently gained attention, but relatively few studies have combined both types of information when inferring phylogenetic relationships. Sanger sequencing legacy data can also be important for understanding evolutionary relationships. The possibility of combining genomic, morphological and Sanger data in one analysis seems compelling, permitting a more complete sampling and yielding a comprehensive view of the evolution of a group. Here we used these three data types to elucidate the systematics and evolution of the Dionycha, a highly diverse group of spiders relatively underrepresented in phylogenetic studies. The datasets were analyzed separately and combined under different inference methods, including a novel approach for analyzing morphological matrices with commonly used evolutionary models. We tested alternative hypotheses of relationships and performed simulations to investigate the accuracy of our findings. We provide a comprehensive and thorough phylogenetic hypothesis for Dionycha that can serve as a robust framework to test hypotheses about the evolution of key characters. We also show that morphological data might have a phylogenetic impact, even when massively outweighed by molecular data. Our approach to analyze morphological data may serve as an alternative to the proposed practice of arbitrarily partitioning, weighting, and choosing between parsimony and stochastic models. As a result of our findings, we propose Trachycosmidae new rank for a group of Australian genera formerly included in Trochanteriidae and Gallieniellidae, and consider Ammoxenidae as a junior synonym of Gnaphosidae. We restore the family rank for Prodidomidae, but transfer the subfamily Molycriinae to Gnaphosidae. Drassinella is transferred to Liocranidae, Donuea to Corinnidae, and Mahafalytenus to Viridasiidae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme H F Azevedo
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"- CONICET, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina; Dept of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States.
| | - Tierney Bougie
- Dept of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States; Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Martin Carboni
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"- CONICET, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina
| | - Marshal Hedin
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"- CONICET, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina
| | - Martín J Ramírez
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"- CONICET, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo X, Selden PA, Ren D. New specimens from Mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber illuminate the phylogenetic placement of Lagonomegopidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
New lagonomegopid spiders are described from Mid-Cretaceous Myanmar (Burmese) amber. Two new genera and species based on single specimens, Scopomegops fax gen. & sp. nov. and Hiatomegops spinalis gen. & sp. nov. are described. Two specimens belonging to Lineaburmops beigeli are further described. Additionally, after re-examining the holotype of Odontomegops titan, a detailed description of its basal ventral abdomen is added here. A phylogenetic analysis was performed to investigate the phylogenetic placement of Lagonomegopidae. A matrix of 79 morphological characters, scored for six lagonomegopid taxa and 26 non-lagonomegopid taxa, was analysed through parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic inference. Our results recover extant Palpimanoidea as a monophyletic group and partly suggest that Lagonomegopidae is the sister-group to extant Palpimanoidea. The external sexual organs, retrolateral tibial apophysis on the male palp and tracheal spiracle in lagonomegopids are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University , Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Paul A Selden
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University , Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing , China
- Department of Geology, University of Kansas , Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence KS , USA
- Natural History Museum , London , UK
| | - Dong Ren
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University , Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing , China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Salgado-Roa FC, Gamez A, Sanchez-Herrera M, Pardo-Díaz C, Salazar C. Divergence promoted by the northern Andes in the giant fishing spider Ancylometes bogotensis (Araneae: Ctenidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The biodiversity of the tropical Americas is a consequence of the interplay between geological and climatic events, with the Andean uplift being a major driver of speciation. Multiple studies have shown that species diversification promoted by the Andes can occur in the presence or absence of gene flow. However, to date, the majority of research addressing this aspect has been conducted in vertebrates, whereas other highly diverse tropical organisms such as arthropods remain uninvestigated. We used a combination of phylogenetics, population genetic analyses and species distribution models to explore whether the northern Andes played a role in the diversification of Ancylometes bogotensis. We detected two major lineages that are separated by the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes, and they share the same climatic niche. These groups diverged at ~3.85 Mya and exhibit no signatures of gene flow, which can be a consequence of the Andean highlands being poorly suited habitats for this species, thus preventing their genetic connectivity. Our study reveals that the genetic structure of an arachnid species that has limited dispersal capacity and is highly dependent on water bodies is shaped by the Andean orogeny. The generality of this observation remains to be assessed in other invertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian C Salgado-Roa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, DC, Colombia
| | - Andres Gamez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, DC, Colombia
| | - Melissa Sanchez-Herrera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, DC, Colombia
| | - Carolina Pardo-Díaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, DC, Colombia
| | - Camilo Salazar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, DC, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wilson JD, Raven RJ, Schmidt DJ, Hughes JM, Rix MG. Total‐evidence analysis of an undescribed fauna: resolving the evolution and classification of Australia’s golden trapdoor spiders (Idiopidae: Arbanitinae: Euoplini). Cladistics 2020; 36:543-568. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D. Wilson
- Australian Rivers Institute Griffith School of Environment and Science Griffith University Nathan Qld 4111 Australia
- Biodiversity and Geosciences Program Queensland Museum South Brisbane Qld 4101 Australia
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Av. Angel Gallardo 470 C1405DJR Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Robert J. Raven
- Biodiversity and Geosciences Program Queensland Museum South Brisbane Qld 4101 Australia
| | - Daniel J. Schmidt
- Australian Rivers Institute Griffith School of Environment and Science Griffith University Nathan Qld 4111 Australia
| | - Jane M. Hughes
- Australian Rivers Institute Griffith School of Environment and Science Griffith University Nathan Qld 4111 Australia
| | - Michael G. Rix
- Biodiversity and Geosciences Program Queensland Museum South Brisbane Qld 4101 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rincão MP, Brescovit AD, Dias AL. Insights on repetitive DNA behavior in two species of Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 and Guasuctenus Polotow and Brescovit, 2019 (Araneae, Ctenidae): Evolutionary profile of H3 histone, 18S rRNA genes and heterochromatin distribution. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231324. [PMID: 32267867 PMCID: PMC7141658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ctenidae represents one of the most representative spider families in the tropical forests of Brazil. Its largest genus, Ctenus, has approximately 220 species out of the more than 520 Ctenidae species described, and several authors consider it polyphyletic. Chromosomal data are only available for four species of Ctenus, representing a large gap in the cytogenetic knowledge about the group. This study provided cytogenetic data on two Ctenus species and one Guasuctenus (previously described as Ctenus). All showed 2n♂ = 28 (26+X1X20). Guasuctenus longipes presented two chromosome pairs containing 18S rDNA genes and C. medius, however C. ornatus showed only one chromosome pair with the 18S rDNA gene. Hybridization data using histone H3 probe indicated specific profiles: histone H3 genes were found in one chromosome pair in G. longipes, in three pairs in C. medius, and in four pairs in C. ornatus. Furthermore, supernumerary chromosomes were identified in C. ornatus presenting a meiotic behavior similar to that of sex chromosomes; and a trivalent was found in C. medius, formed by the association of one sex chromosome and an autosomal bivalent, indicating the importance of these events for the diversification of sex chromosomes in spiders. The C-banding pattern was similar between C. medius and C. ornatus with regard to the number and locations of heterochromatic bands, suggesting that heterochromatin amplification and dispersion, affect karyotypic evolution in the genus. Cytogenetic data showed similarity between C. medius and C. ornatus, and differentiation of G. longipes congruent with morphological data. Moreover, although more comparative analyses are needed to specify composition of the dispersed heterochromatin in Ctenus, the mapping of heterochromatic bands provided insights about the evolution of the karyotypes in this genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Pires Rincão
- Laboratório de Citogenética Animal, Departamento de Biologia Geral, CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lúcia Dias
- Laboratório de Citogenética Animal, Departamento de Biologia Geral, CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Šťáhlavský F, Forman M, Just P, Denič F, Haddad CR, Opatova V. Cytogenetics of entelegyne spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) from southern Africa. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2020; 14:107-138. [PMID: 32194919 PMCID: PMC7066264 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v14i1.48667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spiders represent one of the most studied arachnid orders. They are particularly intriguing from a cytogenetic point of view, due to their complex and dynamic sex chromosome determination systems. Despite intensive research on this group, cytogenetic data from African spiders are still mostly lacking. In this study, we describe the karyotypes of 38 species of spiders belonging to 16 entelegyne families from South Africa and Namibia. In the majority of analysed families, the observed chromosome numbers and morphology (mainly acrocentric) did not deviate from the family-level cytogenetic characteristics based on material from other continents: Tetragnathidae (2n♂ = 24), Ctenidae and Oxyopidae (2n♂ = 28), Sparassidae (2n♂ = 42), Gnaphosidae, Trachelidae and Trochanteriidae (2n♂ = 22), and Salticidae (2n♂ = 28). On the other hand, we identified interspecific variability within Hersiliidae (2n♂ = 33 and 35), Oecobiidae (2n♂ = 19 and 25), Selenopidae (2n♂ = 26 and 29) and Theridiidae (2n♂ = 21 and 22). We examined the karyotypes of Ammoxenidae and Gallieniellidae for the first time. Their diploid counts (2n♂ = 22) correspond to the superfamily Gnaphosoidea and support their placement in this lineage. On the other hand, the karyotypes of Prodidominae (2n♂ = 28 and 29) contrast with all other Gnaphosoidea. Similarly, the unusually high diploid number in Borboropactus sp. (2n♂ = 28) within the otherwise cytogenetically uniform family Thomisidae (mainly 2n♂ = 21-24) supports molecular data suggesting a basal position of the genus in the family. The implementation of FISH methods for visualisation of rDNA clusters facilitated the detection of complex dynamics of numbers of these loci. We identified up to five loci of the 18S rDNA clusters in our samples. Three different sex chromosome systems (X0, X1X20 and X1X2X30) were also detected among the studied taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- František Šťáhlavský
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Forman
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Viničná 5, CZ-12844 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Just
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Denič
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Viničná 5, CZ-12844 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Charles R. Haddad
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Vera Opatova
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Praha, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Crews SC, Esposito LA. Towards a synthesis of the Caribbean biogeography of terrestrial arthropods. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:12. [PMID: 31980017 PMCID: PMC6979080 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immense geologic and ecological complexity of the Caribbean has created a natural laboratory for interpreting when and how organisms disperse through time and space. However, competing hypotheses compounded with this complexity have resulted in a lack of unifying principles of biogeography for the region. Though new data concerning the timing of geologic events and dispersal events are emerging, powerful new analytical tools now allow for explicit hypothesis testing. Arthropods, with varying dispersal ability and high levels of endemism in the Caribbean, are an important, albeit understudied, biogeographic model system. Herein, we include a comprehensive analysis of every publicly available genetic dataset (at the time of writing) of terrestrial Caribbean arthropod groups using a statistically robust pipeline to explicitly test the current extent of biogeographic hypotheses for the region. RESULTS Our findings indicate several important biogeographic generalizations for the region: the South American continent is the predominant origin of Caribbean arthropod fauna; GAARlandia played a role for some taxa in aiding dispersal from South America to the Greater Antilles; founder event dispersal explains the majority of dispersal events by terrestrial arthropods, and distance between landmasses is important for dispersal; most dispersal events occurred via island hopping; there is evidence of 'reverse' dispersal from islands to the mainland; dispersal across the present-day Isthmus of Panama generally occurred prior to 3 mya; the Greater Antilles harbor more lineage diversity than the Lesser Antilles, and the larger Greater Antilles typically have greater lineage diversity than the smaller islands; basal Caribbean taxa are primarily distributed in the Greater Antilles, the basal-most being from Cuba, and derived taxa are mostly distributed in the Lesser Antilles; Jamaican taxa are usually endemic and monophyletic. CONCLUSIONS Given the diversity and deep history of terrestrial arthropods, incongruence of biogeographic patterns is expected, but focusing on both similarities and differences among divergent taxa with disparate life histories emphasizes the importance of particular qualities responsible for resulting diversification patterns. Furthermore, this study provides an analytical toolkit that can be used to guide researchers interested in answering questions pertaining to Caribbean biogeography using explicit hypothesis testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Crews
- California Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Lauren A Esposito
- California Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Piacentini LN, Ramírez MJ. Hunting the wolf: A molecular phylogeny of the wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 136:227-240. [PMID: 30953780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lycosids are a diverse family of spiders distributed worldwide. Previous studies recovered some of the deeper splits of the family, but with little support. We present a broad phylogenetic analysis of the Lycosidae including a wide geographic sampling of representatives and all the subfamilies described to date. Additionally, we extend the amount of molecular data used in previous studies (28S, 12S and NADH) through the inclusion of two additional markers, the nuclear H3 and the mitochondrial COI. We estimated the divergence times through the inclusion of fossils as calibration points and used the phylogenetic hypothesis obtained to explore the evolution of particular traits associated with dispersal capabilities. We recovered most of the currently recognized subfamilies with high nodal support. Based on these results, we synonymize Piratinae and Wadicosinae with Zoicinae and Pardosinae, respectively, and revalidate the subfamily Hippasinae. We corroborated that lycosids are a family with a relatively young origin that diversified with the reduction of tropical forests and the advance of open habitats. We show that a gradual accumulation of behavioral traits associated with ambulatory dispersal made Lycosidae the most vagrant subfamily of spiders, with an impressive ability to disperse long distances which helps to explain the worldwide distribution of some very young clades, such as the members of the subfamily Lycosinae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis N Piacentini
- División de Aracnología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Martín J Ramírez
- División de Aracnología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Botero JP, Monné ML. Cladistic analysis of the tribe Eburiini Blanchard, 1945 and revalidation of the tribe Dychophyiini Gistel, 1848 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Eburiini is currently composed of 22 genera and 262 species, with a geographical distribution restricted to the Americas. Herein, we present a cladistic analysis of Eburiini and its genera, using a matrix with 82 terminal taxa, 52 from the ingroup (including representatives of all recognized genera) and 30 from the outgroup, and 105 characters of the adult morphology. The matrix was analysed under implied weights, and the tribe was not recovered as monophyletic. In order to recover the monophyly of the tribe, two genera of Heteropsini, Heterops and Eburiola, were transferred to Eburiini. The transfer of Heterops, type genus of Heteropsini, results in these two tribes being considered synonyms, with the name Eburiini having priority. The tribe Dychophyiini was resurrected to include the genera that were allocated to Heteropsini and were not transferred to Eburiini. The subgenus Eburia (Eleutho) was recovered as monophyletic and is herein elevated to genus rank. The genera Opades and Pantomallus are synonymized. The species Eburia sordida and Eburia fuliginea were transferred to Pantomallus, recovering the monophyly of the genus. With the synonymy of Opades, the transfer of the genera Heterops and Eburiola, and the new status of Eleutho, Eburiini is composed of 24 genera and 268 species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Botero
- Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, CEP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcela L Monné
- Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, CEP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Just P, Opatova V, Dolejš P. Does reproductive behaviour reflect phylogenetic relationships? An example from Central EuropeanAlopecosawolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Just
- Department of Zoology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Viničná, CZ, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Opatova
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Petr Dolejš
- Department of Zoology, National Museum – Natural History Museum, Cirkusová, CZ –, Praha – Horní Počernice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Silk genes and silk gene expression in the spider Tengella perfuga (Zoropsidae), including a potential cribellar spidroin (CrSp). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203563. [PMID: 30235223 PMCID: PMC6147414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most spiders spin multiple types of silk, including silks for reproduction, prey capture, and draglines. Spiders are a megadiverse group and the majority of spider silks remain uncharacterized. For example, nothing is known about the silk molecules of Tengella perfuga, a spider that spins sheet webs lined with cribellar silk. Cribellar silk is a type of adhesive capture thread composed of numerous fibrils that originate from a specialized plate-like spinning organ called the cribellum. The predominant components of spider silks are spidroins, members of a protein family synthesized in silk glands. Here, we use silk gland RNA-Seq and cDNA libraries to infer T. perfuga silks at the protein level. We show that T. perfuga spiders express 13 silk transcripts representing at least five categories of spider silk proteins (spidroins). One category is a candidate for cribellar silk and is thus named cribellar spidroin (CrSp). Studies of ontogenetic changes in web construction and spigot morphology in T. perfuga have documented that after sexual maturation, T. perfuga females continue to make capture webs but males halt web maintenance and cease spinning cribellar silk. Consistent with these observations, our candidate CrSp was expressed only in females. The other four spidroin categories correspond to paralogs of aciniform, ampullate, pyriform, and tubuliform spidroins. These spidroins are associated with egg sac and web construction. Except for the tubuliform spidroin, the spidroins from T. perfuga contain novel combinations of amino acid sequence motifs that have not been observed before in these spidroin types. Characterization of T. perfuga silk genes, particularly CrSp, expand the diversity of the spidroin family and inspire new structure/function hypotheses.
Collapse
|
22
|
Cheng DQ, Piel WH. The origins of the Psechridae: Web-building lycosoid spiders. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 125:213-219. [PMID: 29635024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Psechrids are an enigmatic family of S.E. Asian spiders. This small family builds sheet webs and even orb webs, yet unlike other orb weavers, its putative relatives are largely cursorial lycosoids - a superfamily of approximately seven spider families related to wolf spiders. The orb web was invented at least twice: first in a very ancient event, and then second, within this clade of wolf-like spiders that reinvented this ability. Exactly how the spiders modified their silks, anatomy, and behaviors to accomplish this transition requires that we identify their precise evolutionary origins - yet, thus far, molecular phylogenies show poor support and considerable disagreement. Using phylogenomic methods based on whole body transcriptomes for psechrids and their putative relatives, we have recovered a well-supported phylogeny that places the Psechridae sister to the Ctenidae - a family of mostly cursorial habits but that, as with all psechrids, retains some cribellate species. Although this position reinforces the prevailing view that orb weaving in psechrids is largely a consequence of convergence, it is still possible that some components of this behavior are retained or resurrected in common with more distant true orb weaving ancestors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Qiang Cheng
- Yale-NUS College, 10 College Avenue West #01-101, Singapore 138609, Singapore
| | - William H Piel
- Yale-NUS College, 10 College Avenue West #01-101, Singapore 138609, Singapore; National University of Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pétillon J, Leroy B, Djoudi EA, Vedel V. Small and large spatial scale coexistence of ctenid spiders in a neotropical forest (French Guiana). TROPICAL ZOOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03946975.2018.1448531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pétillon
- EA 7316 Biodiversité et Gestion des Territoires, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Av. du Gal. Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science, University of Hawai’i, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Boris Leroy
- EA 7316 Biodiversité et Gestion des Territoires, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Av. du Gal. Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- UMR 7208 Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 75000 Paris, France
| | - El Aziz Djoudi
- EA 7316 Biodiversité et Gestion des Territoires, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Av. du Gal. Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Vedel
- Laboratoire d’entomologie Entobios, 5 Bis rue François Thomas, 97310 Kourou, Guyane Française, France
- UMR CNRS 8175 Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Université Antilles-Guyane, BP 709, 97387 Kourou Cedex, Guyane Française, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Iwasa-Arai T, Serejo CS. Phylogenetic analysis of the family Cyamidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda): a review based on morphological characters. Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Iwasa-Arai
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Carcinologia, Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Silveira Serejo
- Laboratório de Carcinologia, Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Langenegger N, Koua D, Schürch S, Heller M, Nentwig W, Kuhn-Nentwig L. Identification of a precursor processing protease from the spider Cupiennius salei essential for venom neurotoxin maturation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:2079-2090. [PMID: 29269415 PMCID: PMC5808768 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.810911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spider venom neurotoxins and cytolytic peptides are expressed as elongated precursor peptides, which are post-translationally processed by proteases to yield the active mature peptides. The recognition motifs for these processing proteases, first published more than 10 years ago, include the processing quadruplet motif (PQM) and the inverted processing quadruplet motif (iPQM). However, the identification of the relevant proteases was still pending. Here we describe the purification of a neurotoxin precursor processing protease from the venom of the spider Cupiennius salei The chymotrypsin-like serine protease is a 28-kDa heterodimer with optimum activity at venom's pH of 6.0. We designed multiple synthetic peptides mimicking the predicted cleavage sites of neurotoxin precursors. Using these peptides as substrates, we confirm the biochemical activity of the protease in propeptide removal from neurotoxin precursors by cleavage C-terminal of the PQM. Furthermore, the PQM protease also cleaves the iPQM relevant for heterodimerization of a subgroup of neurotoxins. An involvement in the maturing of cytolytic peptides is very likely, due to high similarity of present protease recognition motifs. Finally, bioinformatics analysis, identifying sequences of homolog proteins from 18 spiders of 9 families, demonstrate the wide distribution and importance of the isolated enzyme for spiders. In summary, we establish the first example of a PQM protease, essential for maturing of spider venom neurotoxins. In the future, the here described protease may be established as a powerful tool for production strategies of recombinant toxic peptides, adapted to the maturing of spider venom toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Langenegger
- From the Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Koua
- From the Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- the Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouet-Boigny, BP 1093 Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Stefan Schürch
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland, and
| | - Manfred Heller
- the Department of Clinical Research, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Nentwig
- From the Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Kuhn-Nentwig
- From the Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Alfaro RE, Griswold CE, Miller KB. -Comparative spigot ontogeny across the spider tree of life. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4233. [PMID: 29362692 PMCID: PMC5772386 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiders are well known for their silk and its varying use across taxa. Very few studies have examined the silk spigot ontogeny of the entire spinning field of a spider. Historically the spider phylogeny was based on morphological data and behavioral data associated with silk. Recent phylogenomics studies have shifted major paradigms in our understanding of silk use evolution, reordering phylogenetic relationships that were once thought to be monophyletic. Considering this, we explored spigot ontogeny in 22 species, including Dolomedes tenebrosus and Hogna carolinensis, reported here for the first time. This is the first study of its kind and the first to incorporate the Araneae Tree of Life. After rigorous testing for phylogenetic signal and model fit, we performed 60 phylogenetic generalized least squares analyses on adult female and second instar spigot morphology. Six analyses had significant correlation coefficients, suggesting that instar, strategy, and spigot variety are good predictors of spigot number in spiders, after correcting for bias of shared evolutionary history. We performed ancestral character estimation of singular, fiber producing spigots on the posterior lateral spinneret whose potential homology has long been debated. We found that the ancestral root of our phylogram of 22 species, with the addition of five additional cribellate and ecribellate lineages, was more likely to have either none or a modified spigot rather than a pseudoflagelliform gland spigot or a flagelliform spigot. This spigot ontogeny approach is novel and we can build on our efforts from this study by growing the dataset to include deeper taxon sampling and working towards the capability to incorporate full ontogeny in the analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E. Alfaro
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, Division of Arthropods, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Griswold
- Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Kelly B. Miller
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, Division of Arthropods, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hazzi NA, Polotow D, Brescovit AD, González-Obando R, Simó M. Systematics and biogeography of Spinoctenus, a new genus of wandering spider from Colombia (Ctenidae). INVERTEBR SYST 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/is17022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Among ctenid spiders, ctenines comprise the most diverse subfamily. In this study, a new genus of Cteninae, Spinoctenus, is proposed to include the type species S. yotoco, sp. nov. Ten new species are also described: S. escalerete, S. pericos, S. eberhardi, S. spinosus, S. stephaniae, S. nambi, S. florezi, S. tequendama, S. chocoensis and S. flammigerus. Results of the parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses using morphological and behavioural characters indicate the monophyly of this genus, closely related to Phoneutria Perty, 1883 and Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805. This genus can be distinguished from the remaining Ctenidae by three unambiguous synapomorphies: embolus with folded process, tegulum with median process, and RTA curved internally close to the cymbium. A dispersal-vicariance biogeographical analysis of the genus in the Andean and Chocó regions indicates the origin of Spinoctenus in the Western and Central Andean Cordilleras. From this region, three events of dispersal occurred to the other regions (one to the Chocó and two to the Eastern Cordillera), which were subsequently followed by three events of vicariance, suggesting that dispersal and vicariance were equally important in shaping the current distribution patterns of Spinoctenus species. The discovery of this new genus containing a large number of new species in the Andean and Chocó regions highlights the current poor knowledge of the Colombian biodiversity. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A7DA044C-8A59-4FAE-8F3B-00D3D2498820
Collapse
|
28
|
Azevedo GHF, Griswold CE, Santos AJ. Systematics and evolution of ground spiders revisited (Araneae, Dionycha, Gnaphosidae). Cladistics 2017; 34:579-626. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme H. F. Azevedo
- Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio, Carlos; 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
- Pós-graduação em Zoologia; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Charles E. Griswold
- California Academy of Sciences; 55 Music Concourse Drive San Francisco CA 94118 USA
| | - Adalberto J. Santos
- Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio, Carlos; 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Labarque FM, Pérez-González A, Griswold CE. Molecular phylogeny and revision of the false violin spiders (Araneae: Drymusidae) of Africa. Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Facundo M Labarque
- Laboratório Especial de Colecões Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, SP, Brazil
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Abel Pérez-González
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Charles E Griswold
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biology Department, San Francisco State University, CA, USA
- Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, CA, USA
- Biology Department, The George Washington University, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Labarque FM, Wolff JO, Michalik P, Griswold CE, Ramírez MJ. The evolution and function of spider feet (Araneae: Arachnida): multiple acquisitions of distal articulations. Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
31
|
Kumar SA, Venu G, Jayaprakash G, Venkatachalaiah G. Studies on chromosomal characteristics of Ctenus indicus (Gravely 1931) (Araneae: Ctenidae). THE NUCLEUS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-016-0191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
32
|
Albo MJ, Bidegaray-Batista L, Bechsgaard J, Silva ELCD, Bilde T, Pérez-Miles F. Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses Show that Trechaleidae and Lycosidae are Sister Groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.13156/arac.2017.17.4.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Albo
- Laboratorio de Etología, Ecología y Evolución, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Leticia Bidegaray-Batista
- Laboratorio de Etología, Ecología y Evolución, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | - Trine Bilde
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wheeler WC, Coddington JA, Crowley LM, Dimitrov D, Goloboff PA, Griswold CE, Hormiga G, Prendini L, Ramírez MJ, Sierwald P, Almeida‐Silva L, Alvarez‐Padilla F, Arnedo MA, Benavides Silva LR, Benjamin SP, Bond JE, Grismado CJ, Hasan E, Hedin M, Izquierdo MA, Labarque FM, Ledford J, Lopardo L, Maddison WP, Miller JA, Piacentini LN, Platnick NI, Polotow D, Silva‐Dávila D, Scharff N, Szűts T, Ubick D, Vink CJ, Wood HM, Zhang J. The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target‐gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling. Cladistics 2016; 33:574-616. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ward C. Wheeler
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th St. New York NY 10024 USA
| | - Jonathan A. Coddington
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History 10th and Constitution NW Washington DC 20560‐0105 USA
| | - Louise M. Crowley
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th St. New York NY 10024 USA
| | - Dimitar Dimitrov
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University 2029 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Pablo A. Goloboff
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo FML—CONICET Miguel Lillo 251 4000 SM. de Tucumán Argentina
| | - Charles E. Griswold
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
| | - Gustavo Hormiga
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University 2029 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th St. New York NY 10024 USA
| | - Martín J. Ramírez
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’—CONICET Av. Angel Gallardo 470 C1405DJR Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Petra Sierwald
- The Field Museum of Natural History 1400 S Lake Shore Drive Chicago IL 60605 USA
| | - Lina Almeida‐Silva
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas Instituto Butantan Av. Vital Brasil, 1500 05503‐900 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernando Alvarez‐Padilla
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University 2029 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 USA
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
- Departamento de Biología Comparada Facultad de Ciencias Laboratório de Acarología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal Del. Coyoacán CP 04510 México
| | - Miquel A. Arnedo
- Departamento de Biología Animal Facultat de Biología Institut de Recerca de la Bioversitat Universitat de Barcelona Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ligia R. Benavides Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University 2029 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Suresh P. Benjamin
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University 2029 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 USA
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies Hantana Road Kandy 20000 Sri Lanka
| | - Jason E. Bond
- Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Museum of Natural History Auburn University Rouse Life Sciences Building Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Cristian J. Grismado
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’—CONICET Av. Angel Gallardo 470 C1405DJR Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Emile Hasan
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University 2029 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Marshal Hedin
- Department of Biology San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego CA 92182 USA
| | - Matías A. Izquierdo
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’—CONICET Av. Angel Gallardo 470 C1405DJR Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Facundo M. Labarque
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’—CONICET Av. Angel Gallardo 470 C1405DJR Buenos Aires Argentina
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas Instituto Butantan Av. Vital Brasil, 1500 05503‐900 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Joel Ledford
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
- Department of Plant Biology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Lara Lopardo
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University 2029 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Wayne P. Maddison
- Department of Zoology University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Jeremy A. Miller
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis Postbus 9517 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Luis N. Piacentini
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’—CONICET Av. Angel Gallardo 470 C1405DJR Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Norman I. Platnick
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th St. New York NY 10024 USA
| | - Daniele Polotow
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas Instituto Butantan Av. Vital Brasil, 1500 05503‐900 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Diana Silva‐Dávila
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
- Departamento de Entomología Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Av. Arenales 1256 Apartado Postal 140434 Lima 14 Peru
| | - Nikolaj Scharff
- Biodiversity Section Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 15 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Tamás Szűts
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
- Department of Zoology University of West Hungary H9700 Szombathely Hungary
| | - Darrell Ubick
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
| | - Cor J. Vink
- Department of Biology San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego CA 92182 USA
- Canterbury Museum Rolleston Avenue Christchurch 8013 New Zealand
| | - Hannah M. Wood
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History 10th and Constitution NW Washington DC 20560‐0105 USA
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Zoology University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Henrard A, Jocqué R. Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex. Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Henrard
- Section Invertebrates Non-insects; Royal Museum for Central Africa; Leuvensesteenweg 13 3080 Tervuren Belgium
- Earth and Life Institute; Biodiversity Research Center; Université Catholique de Louvain; Pl. Croix du Sud, 1-4 1348 Louvain la Neuve Belgium
| | - Rudy Jocqué
- Section Invertebrates Non-insects; Royal Museum for Central Africa; Leuvensesteenweg 13 3080 Tervuren Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
This catalogue lists 1,084 species of spiders (three identified to genus only) in 311 genera from 53 families currently recorded from Texas and is based on the "Bibliography of Texas Spiders" published by Bea Vogel in 1970. The online list of species can be found at http://pecanspiders.tamu.edu/spidersoftexas.htm. Many taxonomic revisions have since been published, particularly in the families Araneidae, Gnaphosidae and Leptonetidae. Many genera in other families have been revised. The Anyphaenidae, Ctenidae, Hahniidae, Nesticidae, Sicariidae and Tetragnathidae were also revised. Several families have been added and others split up. Several genera of Corinnidae were transferred to Phrurolithidae and Trachelidae. Two genera from Miturgidae were transferred to Eutichuridae. Zoridae was synonymized under Miturgidae. A single species formerly in Amaurobiidae is now in the Family Amphinectidae. Some trapdoor spiders in the family Ctenizidae have been transferred to Euctenizidae. Gertsch and Mulaik started a list of Texas spiders in 1940. In a letter from Willis J. Gertsch dated October 20, 1982, he stated "Years ago a first listing of the Texas fauna was published by me based largely on Stanley Mulaik material, but it had to be abandoned because of other tasks." This paper is a compendium of the spiders of Texas with distribution, habitat, collecting method and other data available from revisions and collections. This includes many records and unpublished data (including data from three unpublished studies). One of these studies included 16,000 adult spiders belonging to 177 species in 29 families. All specimens in that study were measured and results are in the appendix. Hidalgo County has 340 species recorded with Brazos County at 323 and Travis County at 314 species. These reflect the amount of collecting in the area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Allen Dean
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Garrison NL, Rodriguez J, Agnarsson I, Coddington JA, Griswold CE, Hamilton CA, Hedin M, Kocot KM, Ledford JM, Bond JE. Spider phylogenomics: untangling the Spider Tree of Life. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1719. [PMID: 26925338 PMCID: PMC4768681 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiders (Order Araneae) are massively abundant generalist arthropod predators that are found in nearly every ecosystem on the planet and have persisted for over 380 million years. Spiders have long served as evolutionary models for studying complex mating and web spinning behaviors, key innovation and adaptive radiation hypotheses, and have been inspiration for important theories like sexual selection by female choice. Unfortunately, past major attempts to reconstruct spider phylogeny typically employing the "usual suspect" genes have been unable to produce a well-supported phylogenetic framework for the entire order. To further resolve spider evolutionary relationships we have assembled a transcriptome-based data set comprising 70 ingroup spider taxa. Using maximum likelihood and shortcut coalescence-based approaches, we analyze eight data sets, the largest of which contains 3,398 gene regions and 696,652 amino acid sites forming the largest phylogenomic analysis of spider relationships produced to date. Contrary to long held beliefs that the orb web is the crowning achievement of spider evolution, ancestral state reconstructions of web type support a phylogenetically ancient origin of the orb web, and diversification analyses show that the mostly ground-dwelling, web-less RTA clade diversified faster than orb weavers. Consistent with molecular dating estimates we report herein, this may reflect a major increase in biomass of non-flying insects during the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution 125-90 million years ago favoring diversification of spiders that feed on cursorial rather than flying prey. Our results also have major implications for our understanding of spider systematics. Phylogenomic analyses corroborate several well-accepted high level groupings: Opisthothele, Mygalomorphae, Atypoidina, Avicularoidea, Theraphosoidina, Araneomorphae, Entelegynae, Araneoidea, the RTA clade, Dionycha and the Lycosoidea. Alternatively, our results challenge the monophyly of Eresoidea, Orbiculariae, and Deinopoidea. The composition of the major paleocribellate and neocribellate clades, the basal divisions of Araneomorphae, appear to be falsified. Traditional Haplogynae is in need of revision, as our findings appear to support the newly conceived concept of Synspermiata. The sister pairing of filistatids with hypochilids implies that some peculiar features of each family may in fact be synapomorphic for the pair. Leptonetids now are seen as a possible sister group to the Entelegynae, illustrating possible intermediates in the evolution of the more complex entelegyne genitalic condition, spinning organs and respiratory organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Garrison
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Juanita Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ingi Agnarsson
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Coddington
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washingtion, DC, United States
| | - Charles E. Griswold
- Arachnology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Christopher A. Hamilton
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Marshal Hedin
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kevin M. Kocot
- Department of Biological Sciences and Alabama Museum of Natural History, University of Alabama—Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Joel M. Ledford
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jason E. Bond
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|