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Huang D, Mela A, Bhanu NV, Garcia BA, Canoll P, Casaccia P. PDGF-BB overexpression in p53 null oligodendrocyte progenitors increases H3K27me3 and induces transcriptional changes which favor proliferation. Neoplasia 2024; 57:101042. [PMID: 39216363 PMCID: PMC11402553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Proneural gliomas are brain tumors characterized by enrichment of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) transcripts and genetic alterations. In this study we sought to identify transcriptional and epigenetic differences between OPCs with Trp53 deletion and PDGF-BB overexpression (BB-p53n) and those carrying only p53 deletion (p53n). In culture, the BB-p53n OPCs display growth characteristics more similar to glioma cells than p53n OPCs. When injected in mouse brains, BB-p53n OPC form tumors, while the p53n OPCs do not. Unbiased histone proteomics and transcriptomic analysis on these OPC populations identified higher levels of the histone H3K27me3 mark and lower levels of the histone H4K20me3. The transcriptome of the BB-p53n OPCs was characterized by higher levels of transcripts related to proliferation and cell adhesion compared to p53n OPCs. Pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme responsible for histone H3K27 trimethylation (EZH2i) in BB-p53n OPCs, reduced cell cycle transcripts and increased the expression of differentiation markers, but was not sufficient to restore their growth characteristics. This suggests that PDGF-BB overexpression in p53n OPCs favors the early stages of transformation, by promoting proliferation and halting differentiation in a H3K27me3-dependent pathway, and favoring growth characteristics in a H3K27me3 independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Huang
- Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology at The Graduate Center of The City University of New, York 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, United States; Belfer Research Institute, City University of New York & Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 E 69th St, New York, NY 10021, United States; Neuroscience Initiative, Advance Science Research Center, Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Angeliki Mela
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Natarajan V Bhanu
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology at The Graduate Center of The City University of New, York 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, United States; Neuroscience Initiative, Advance Science Research Center, Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, United States.
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2
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Yang J, Ren Z, Wang F, Zheng J, Zhuang Z, Zeng Y. γ-Synuclein promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma via JAK2/STAT5b signaling pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:2408-2423. [PMID: 38859859 PMCID: PMC11162669 DOI: 10.62347/flim3367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
γ-Synuclein (SNCG) has various biological functions associated with tumorigenesis. However, the role of SNCG in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. In this study, we found that SNCG expression is associated with the malignancy of OSCC. We showed that SNCG promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in OSCC. Mechanistically, we demonstrated for the first time, that SNCG interacts with ERK1/2 and promotes its phosphorylation leading to activation of the JAK2/STAT5b signaling pathway. Subsequent experiments with STAT5b interference and ERK1/2 inhibitor treatment reversed the effects of SNCG on OSCC cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Our findings suggest that SNCG functions as an oncogene in OSCC by targeting the JAK2/STAT5b axis and thus may be a potential new prognostic marker and therapeutic target in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Precision Clinical Laboratory, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524037, Guangdong, China
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832008, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zuodong Ren
- Precision Clinical Laboratory, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524037, Guangdong, China
| | - Fazhan Wang
- Shaanxi Energy InstituteXianyang 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524037, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaowei Zhuang
- Precision Clinical Laboratory, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524037, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Precision Clinical Laboratory, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524037, Guangdong, China
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3
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Huang D, Mela A, Bhanu NV, Garcia BA, Canoll P, Casaccia P. PDGF-BB overexpression in p53 null oligodendrocyte progenitors increases H3K27me3 and induces transcriptional changes which favor proliferation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.14.594214. [PMID: 38798631 PMCID: PMC11118351 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.594214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Proneural gliomas are brain tumors characterized by enrichment of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) transcripts and genetic alterations. In this study we sought to identify transcriptional and epigenetic differences between OPCs with Trp53 deletion and PDGF-BB overexpression (BB-p53n), which form tumors when transplanted in mouse brains, and those carrying only p53 deletion (p53n), which do not. We used unbiased histone proteomics and RNA-seq analysis on these two genetically modified OPC populations and detected higher levels of H3K27me3 in BB-p53n compared to p53n OPCs. The BB-p53n OPC were characterized by higher levels of transcripts related to proliferation and lower levels of those related to differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of histone H3K27 trimethylation in BB-p53n OPC reduced cell cycle transcripts and increased the expression of differentiation markers. These data suggest that PDGF-BB overexpression in p53 null OPC results in histone post-translational modifications and consequent transcriptional changes favoring proliferation while halting differentiation, thereby promoting the early stages of transformation.
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4
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George Warren W, Osborn M, Yates A, O'Sullivan SE. The emerging role of fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) in cancers. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103980. [PMID: 38614160 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) is an intracellular protein involved in the uptake, transportation, metabolism, and storage of fatty acids (FAs). FABP7 is upregulated up to 20-fold in multiple cancers, usually correlated with poor prognosis. FABP7 silencing or pharmacological inhibition suggest FABP7 promotes cell growth, migration, invasion, colony and spheroid formation/increased size, lipid uptake, and lipid droplet formation. Xenograft studies show that suppression of FABP7 inhibits tumour formation and tumour growth, and improves host survival. The molecular mechanisms involve promotion of FA uptake, lipid droplets, signalling [focal adhesion kinase (FAK), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (Src), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK), and Wnt/β-catenin], hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif1α), vascular endothelial growth factor A/prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 (VEGFA/P4HA1), snail family zinc finger 1 (Snail1), and twist-related protein 1 (Twist1). The oncogenic capacity of FABP7 makes it a promising pharmacological target for future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myles Osborn
- Artelo Biosciences Limited, Alderley Park, Cheshire, UK
| | - Andrew Yates
- Artelo Biosciences Limited, Alderley Park, Cheshire, UK
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Kreis J, Aybey B, Geist F, Brors B, Staub E. Stromal Signals Dominate Gene Expression Signature Scores That Aim to Describe Cancer Cell-intrinsic Stemness or Mesenchymality Characteristics. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:516-529. [PMID: 38349551 PMCID: PMC10885853 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells confers migratory abilities, a crucial aspect in the metastasis of tumors that frequently leads to death. In multiple studies, authors proposed gene expression signatures for EMT, stemness, or mesenchymality of tumors based on bulk tumor expression profiling. However, recent studies suggested that noncancerous cells from the microenvironment or macroenvironment heavily influence such signature profiles. Here, we strengthen these findings by investigating 11 published and frequently referenced gene expression signatures that were proposed to describe EMT-related (EMT, mesenchymal, or stemness) characteristics in various cancer types. By analyses of bulk, single-cell, and pseudobulk expression data, we show that the cell type composition of a tumor sample frequently dominates scores of these EMT-related signatures. A comprehensive, integrated analysis of bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-cell RNA-seq data shows that stromal cells, most often fibroblasts, are the main drivers of EMT-related signature scores. We call attention to the risk of false conclusions about tumor properties when interpreting EMT-related signatures, especially in a clinical setting: high patient scores of EMT-related signatures or calls of "stemness subtypes" often result from low cancer cell content in tumor biopsies rather than cancer cell-specific stemness or mesenchymal/EMT characteristics. SIGNIFICANCE Cancer self-renewal and migratory abilities are often characterized via gene module expression profiles, also called EMT or stemness gene expression signatures. Using published clinical tumor samples, cancer cell lines, and single cancer cells, we highlight the dominating influence of noncancer cells in low cancer cell content biopsies on their scores. We caution on their application for low cancer cell content clinical cancer samples with the intent to assign such characteristics or subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kreis
- The healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bogac Aybey
- The healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Geist
- The healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg and Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eike Staub
- The healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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6
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Darwish A, Pammer M, Gallyas F, Vígh L, Balogi Z, Juhász K. Emerging Lipid Targets in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:397. [PMID: 38254886 PMCID: PMC10814456 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
GBM accounts for most of the fatal brain cancer cases, making it one of the deadliest tumor types. GBM is characterized by severe progression and poor prognosis with a short survival upon conventional chemo- and radiotherapy. In order to improve therapeutic efficiency, considerable efforts have been made to target various features of GBM. One of the targetable features of GBM is the rewired lipid metabolism that contributes to the tumor's aggressive growth and penetration into the surrounding brain tissue. Lipid reprogramming allows GBM to acquire survival, proliferation, and invasion benefits as well as supportive modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Several attempts have been made to find novel therapeutic approaches by exploiting the lipid metabolic reprogramming in GBM. In recent studies, various components of de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, lipid uptake, and prostaglandin synthesis have been considered promising targets in GBM. Emerging data also suggest a significant role hence therapeutic potential of the endocannabinoid metabolic pathway in GBM. Here we review the lipid-related GBM characteristics in detail and highlight specific targets with their potential therapeutic use in novel antitumor approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Darwish
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Milán Pammer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Balogi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kata Juhász
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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7
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Zwain T, Alder JE, Zwayen S, Shaw A, Burrow AJ, Singh KK. Overcoming biological barriers BBB/BBTB by designing PUFA functionalised lipid-based nanocarriers for glioblastoma targeted therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 155:213660. [PMID: 37976832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle for chemotherapeutics in Glioblastoma (GB) is to reach the tumour cells due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and chemoresistance of anticancer drugs. The present study reports two polyunsaturated fatty acids, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) appended nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) of a CNS negative chemotherapeutic drug docetaxel (DTX) for targeted delivery to GB. The ligand appended DTX-NLCs demonstrated particle size < 160 nm, PDI < 0.29 and a negative surface charge. The successful linkage of GLA (41 %) and ALA (30 %) ligand conjugation to DTX- NLCs was confirmed by diminished surface amino groups on the NLCs, lower surface charge and FTIR profiling. Fluorophore labelled GLA-DTX-NLCs and ALA-DTX-NLCs permeated the in-vitro 3D BBB model with Papp values of 1.8 × 10-3 and 1.9 × 10-3 cm/s respectively. Following permeation, both formulations showed enhanced uptake by GB immortalised cells while ALA-DTX-NLCs showed higher uptake in patient-derived GB cells as evidenced in an in-vitro 3D blood brain tumour barrier (BBTB) model. Both surface functionalised formulations showed higher internalisation in GB cells as compared to bare DTX-NLCs. ALA-DTX-NLCs and GLA-DTX-NLCs showed 13.9-fold and 6.8-fold higher DTX activity respectively at 24 h as indicated by IC50 values when tested in patient-derived GB cells. ALA-DTX-NLCs displayed better efficacy than GLA-DTX-NLCs when tested against 3D tumour spheroids and patient-derived cells. These novel formulations will contribute widely to overcoming biological barriers for treating glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zwain
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; Biomedical Evidence based Transdisciplinary (BEST) Health Research Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Elizabeth Alder
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Suha Zwayen
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; Precision NanoSystems, 50 655 West Kent Avenue North, Vancouver, British Columbia V6P 6T7, Canada
| | - Andrew Shaw
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea J Burrow
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; Biomedical Evidence based Transdisciplinary (BEST) Health Research Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Kamalinder K Singh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; Biomedical Evidence based Transdisciplinary (BEST) Health Research Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom.
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Liu E, Li W, Jian LP, Yin S, Yang S, Zhao H, Huang W, Zhang Y, Zhou H. Identification of LOX as a candidate prognostic biomarker in Glioblastoma multiforme. Transl Oncol 2023; 36:101739. [PMID: 37544033 PMCID: PMC10423882 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant type of glioma. GBM tumors grow rapidly, have a high degree of malignancy, and are characterized by a fast disease progression. Unfortunately, there is a lack of effective treatments. An effective strategy for the treatment of GBM would be to identify key biomarkers correlating with the occurrence and progression of GBM and developing these biomarkers into therapeutic targets. METHOD AND RESULTS In this study, using integrated bioinformatics analysis, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 130 genes that were upregulated in GBM compared to normal brain tissue, and 128 genes that were downregulated in GBM. Based on Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, these genes were associated with regulation of tumor cell adhesion, differentiation, morphology in GBM and were mainly enriched in Complement and coagulation cascades pathway. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database was used to construct a Protein-Protein Interaction network. Ten hub genes were identified, including FN1, CD44, MYC, CDK1, SERPINE1, COL3A1, COL1A2, LOX, POSTN and EZH2, all of which were significantly upregulated in GBM, these results were confirmed by oncomine database exploration. Alteration analysis of hub genes found that patients with alteration in at least one of the hub genes showed shorter median survival times (p = 0.013) and shorter median disease-free survival times (p = 2.488E-3) than patients without alterations in any of the hub genes. Multiple tests for survival analysis showed that among individual hub genes only expression of LOX was correlated with patient survival (P < 0.05).GDS4467 data set was used to analyze the expression of LOX in gliomas with different degrees of malignancy, and it was found that the expression level of LOX was positively correlated with the malignant degree of gliomas.By analyzing GDS 4535 data set showed that the expression level of LOX was positively correlated with the differentiation degree of GBM cells CONCLUSION: This research suggests that FN1, CD44, MYC, CDK1, SERPINE1, COL3A1, COL1A2, LOX, POSTN and EZH2 are key genes in GBM. However, only LOX is correlated with patient survival and promotes glioblastoma cell differentiation and tumor recurrence. LOX may be a candidate prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erheng Liu
- Neurosurgery Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Chemical Biology, Yunnan Technician College, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Li-Peng Jian
- Neurosurgery Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province.
| | - Shi Yin
- Neurosurgery Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province.
| | - Shuaifeng Yang
- Neurosurgery Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province
| | - Heng Zhao
- Neurosurgery Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province
| | - Wei Huang
- Neurosurgery Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province.
| | - Yongfa Zhang
- Neurosurgery Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province.
| | - Hu Zhou
- Neurosurgery Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province.
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Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are small lipid-binding proteins abundantly expressed in tissues that are highly active in fatty acid (FA) metabolism. Ten mammalian FABPs have been identified, with tissue-specific expression patterns and highly conserved tertiary structures. FABPs were initially studied as intracellular FA transport proteins. Further investigation has demonstrated their participation in lipid metabolism, both directly and via regulation of gene expression, and in signaling within their cells of expression. There is also evidence that they may be secreted and have functional impact via the circulation. It has also been shown that the FABP ligand binding repertoire extends beyond long-chain FAs and that their functional properties also involve participation in systemic metabolism. This article reviews the present understanding of FABP functions and their apparent roles in disease, particularly metabolic and inflammation-related disorders and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States;
| | - Betina Corsico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, La Plata, Argentina;
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Alom MM, Faruqe MO, Molla MKI, Rahman MM. Exploring Prognostic Biomarkers of Acute Myeloid Leukemia to Determine Its Most Effective Drugs from the FDA-Approved List through Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:1946703. [PMID: 37359050 PMCID: PMC10287530 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1946703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a blood cancer caused by the abnormal proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. The actual genetic markers and molecular mechanisms of AML prognosis are unclear till today. This study used bioinformatics approaches for identifying hub genes and pathways associated with AML development to uncover potential molecular mechanisms. The expression profiles of RNA-Seq datasets, GSE68925 and GSE183817, were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. These two datasets were analyzed by GREIN to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were used for performing the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and survival analysis. The molecular docking and dynamic simulation were performed to identify the most effective drug/s for AML from the drug list approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). By integrating the two datasets, 238 DEGs were identified as likely to be affected by AML progression. GO enrichment analyses exhibited that the upregulated genes were mainly associated with inflammatory response (BP) and extracellular region (CC). The downregulated DEGs were involved in the T-cell receptor signalling pathway (BP), an integral component of the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (CC) and peptide antigen binding (MF). The pathway enrichment analysis showed that the upregulated DEGs were mainly associated with the T-cell receptor signalling pathway. Among the top 15 hub genes, the expression levels of ALDH1A1 and CFD were associated with the prognosis of AML. Four FDA-approved drugs were selected, and a top-ranked drug was identified for each biomarker through molecular docking studies. The top-ranked drugs were further confirmed by molecular dynamic simulation that revealed their binding stability and confirmed their stable performance. Therefore, the drug compounds, enasidenib and gilteritinib, can be recommended as the most effective drugs against the ALDH1A1 and CFD proteins, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Murshid Alom
- Laboratory of Molecular Health Science, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Omar Faruqe
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Khademul Islam Molla
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Motiur Rahman
- Laboratory of Molecular Health Science, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
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11
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Hey G, Rao R, Carter A, Reddy A, Valle D, Patel A, Patel D, Lucke-Wold B, Pomeranz Krummel D, Sengupta S. Ligand-Gated Ion Channels: Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications for Gliomas. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050853. [PMID: 37241023 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are common primary brain malignancies that remain difficult to treat due to their overall aggressiveness and heterogeneity. Although a variety of therapeutic strategies have been employed for the treatment of gliomas, there is increasing evidence that suggests ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) can serve as a valuable biomarker and diagnostic tool in the pathogenesis of gliomas. Various LGICs, including P2X, SYT16, and PANX2, have the potential to become altered in the pathogenesis of glioma, which can disrupt the homeostatic activity of neurons, microglia, and astrocytes, further exacerbating the symptoms and progression of glioma. Consequently, LGICs, including purinoceptors, glutamate-gated receptors, and Cys-loop receptors, have been targeted in clinical trials for their potential therapeutic benefit in the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas. In this review, we discuss the role of LGICs in the pathogenesis of glioma, including genetic factors and the effect of altered LGIC activity on the biological functioning of neuronal cells. Additionally, we discuss current and emerging investigations regarding the use of LGICs as a clinical target and potential therapeutic for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hey
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rohan Rao
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ashley Carter
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Akshay Reddy
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Daisy Valle
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Anjali Patel
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Drashti Patel
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 23608, USA
| | - Daniel Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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12
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Rocha Pinheiro SL, Lemos FFB, Marques HS, Silva Luz M, de Oliveira Silva LG, Faria Souza Mendes dos Santos C, da Costa Evangelista K, Calmon MS, Sande Loureiro M, Freire de Melo F. Immunotherapy in glioblastoma treatment: Current state and future prospects. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:138-159. [PMID: 37124134 PMCID: PMC10134201 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i4.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains as the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor, standing with a poor prognosis and treatment prospective. Despite the aggressive standard care, such as surgical resection and chemoradiation, median survival rates are low. In this regard, immunotherapeutic strategies aim to become more attractive for glioblastoma, considering its recent advances and approaches. In this review, we provide an overview of the current status and progress in immunotherapy for glioblastoma, going through the fundamental knowledge on immune targeting to promising strategies, such as Chimeric antigen receptor T-Cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine-based treatment, oncolytic virus and vaccine-based techniques. At last, it is discussed innovative methods to overcome diverse challenges, and future perspectives in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Campus Vitória da Conquista, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mariana Santos Calmon
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Matheus Sande Loureiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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Horaira MA, Islam MA, Kibria MK, Alam MJ, Kabir SR, Mollah MNH. Bioinformatics screening of colorectal-cancer causing molecular signatures through gene expression profiles to discover therapeutic targets and candidate agents. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:64. [PMID: 36991484 PMCID: PMC10053149 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of appropriate receptor proteins and drug agents are equally important in the case of drug discovery and development for any disease. In this study, an attempt was made to explore colorectal cancer (CRC) causing molecular signatures as receptors and drug agents as inhibitors by using integrated statistics and bioinformatics approaches. METHODS To identify the important genes that are involved in the initiation and progression of CRC, four microarray datasets (GSE9348, GSE110224, GSE23878, and GSE35279) and an RNA_Seq profiles (GSE50760) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The datasets were analyzed by a statistical r-package of LIMMA to identify common differentially expressed genes (cDEGs). The key genes (KGs) of cDEGs were detected by using the five topological measures in the protein-protein interaction network analysis. Then we performed in-silico validation for CRC-causing KGs by using different web-tools and independent databases. We also disclosed the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory factors of KGs by interaction network analysis of KGs with transcription factors (TFs) and micro-RNAs. Finally, we suggested our proposed KGs-guided computationally more effective candidate drug molecules compared to other published drugs by cross-validation with the state-of-the-art alternatives of top-ranked independent receptor proteins. RESULTS We identified 50 common differentially expressed genes (cDEGs) from five gene expression profile datasets, where 31 cDEGs were downregulated, and the rest 19 were up-regulated. Then we identified 11 cDEGs (CXCL8, CEMIP, MMP7, CA4, ADH1C, GUCA2A, GUCA2B, ZG16, CLCA4, MS4A12 and CLDN1) as the KGs. Different pertinent bioinformatic analyses (box plot, survival probability curves, DNA methylation, correlation with immune infiltration levels, diseases-KGs interaction, GO and KEGG pathways) based on independent databases directly or indirectly showed that these KGs are significantly associated with CRC progression. We also detected four TFs proteins (FOXC1, YY1, GATA2 and NFKB) and eight microRNAs (hsa-mir-16-5p, hsa-mir-195-5p, hsa-mir-203a-3p, hsa-mir-34a-5p, hsa-mir-107, hsa-mir-27a-3p, hsa-mir-429, and hsa-mir-335-5p) as the key transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators of KGs. Finally, our proposed 15 molecular signatures including 11 KGs and 4 key TFs-proteins guided 9 small molecules (Cyclosporin A, Manzamine A, Cardidigin, Staurosporine, Benzo[A]Pyrene, Sitosterol, Nocardiopsis Sp, Troglitazone, and Riccardin D) were recommended as the top-ranked candidate therapeutic agents for the treatment against CRC. CONCLUSION The findings of this study recommended that our proposed target proteins and agents might be considered as the potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic signatures for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Horaira
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ariful Islam
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kaderi Kibria
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nurul Haque Mollah
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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Guzman G, Pellot K, Reed MR, Rodriguez A. CAR T-cells to treat brain tumors. Brain Res Bull 2023; 196:76-98. [PMID: 36841424 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous success using CAR T therapy in hematological malignancies has garnered significant interest in developing such treatments for solid tumors, including brain tumors. This success, however, has yet to be mirrored in solid organ neoplasms. CAR T function has shown limited efficacy against brain tumors due to several factors including the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, blood-brain barrier, and tumor-antigen heterogeneity. Despite these considerations, CAR T-cell therapy has the potential to be implemented as a treatment modality for brain tumors. Here, we review adult and pediatric brain tumors, including glioblastoma, diffuse midline gliomas, and medulloblastomas that continue to portend a grim prognosis. We describe insights gained from different preclinical models using CAR T therapy against various brain tumors and results gathered from ongoing clinical trials. Furthermore, we outline the challenges limiting CAR T therapy success against brain tumors and summarize advancements made to overcome these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Guzman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | | | - Megan R Reed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Analiz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
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15
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Guerrero-Rodríguez SL, Mata-Cruz C, Pérez-Tapia SM, Velasco-Velázquez MA. Role of CD36 in cancer progression, stemness, and targeting. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1079076. [PMID: 36568966 PMCID: PMC9772993 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1079076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD36 is highly expressed in diverse tumor types and its expression correlates with advanced stages, poor prognosis, and reduced survival. In cancer cells, CD36: 1) increases fatty acid uptake, reprogramming lipid metabolism; 2) favors cancer cell proliferation, and 3) promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, CD36 expression correlates with the expression of cancer stem cell markers and CD36+ cancer cells display increased stemness functional properties, including clonogenicity, chemo- and radioresistance, and metastasis-initiating capability, suggesting CD36 is a marker of the cancer stem cell population. Thus, CD36 has been pointed as a potential therapeutic target in cancer. At present, at least three different types of molecules have been developed for reducing CD36-mediated functions: blocking monoclonal antibodies, small-molecule inhibitors, and compounds that knock-down CD36 expression. Herein, we review the role of CD36 in cancer progression, its participation in stemness control, as well as the efficacy of reported CD36 inhibitors in cancer cell cultures and animal models. Overall, the evidence compiled points that CD36 is a valid target for the development of new anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Mata-Cruz
- Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Graduate Program in Biochemical Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia M. Pérez-Tapia
- Research and Development in Biotherapeutics Unit, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
- National Laboratory for Specialized Services of Investigation Development and Innovation (I+D+i) for Pharma Chemicals and Biotechnological products LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Mexico City, Mexico
- Immunology Department, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco A. Velasco-Velázquez
- Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Chen HM, Nikolic A, Singhal D, Gallo M. Roles of Chromatin Remodelling and Molecular Heterogeneity in Therapy Resistance in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4942. [PMID: 36230865 PMCID: PMC9563350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a therapy-resistant reservoir in glioblastoma (GBM). It is now becoming clear that epigenetic and chromatin remodelling programs link the stemlike behaviour of CSCs to their treatment resistance. New evidence indicates that the epigenome of GBM cells is shaped by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including their genetic makeup, their interactions and communication with other neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells, including immune cells, and their metabolic niche. In this review, we explore how all these factors contribute to epigenomic heterogeneity in a tumour and the selection of therapy-resistant cells. Lastly, we discuss current and emerging experimental platforms aimed at precisely understanding the epigenetic mechanisms of therapy resistance that ultimately lead to tumour relapse. Given the growing arsenal of drugs that target epigenetic enzymes, our review addresses promising preclinical and clinical applications of epidrugs to treat GBM, and possible mechanisms of resistance that need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Miin Chen
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ana Nikolic
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Divya Singhal
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Marco Gallo
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Zheng ZQ, Yuan GQ, Kang NL, Nie QQ, Zhang GG, Wang Z. Chromobox 7/8 serve as independent indicators for glioblastoma via promoting proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. Front Neurol 2022; 13:912039. [PMID: 36034290 PMCID: PMC9403790 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.912039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The chromobox family, a critical component of epigenetic regulators, participates in the tumorigenesis and progression of many malignancies. However, the roles of the CBX family members (CBXs) in glioblastoma (GBM) remain unclear. Methods The mRNA expression of CBXs was analyzed in tissues and cell lines by Oncomine and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). The differential expression of CBXs at the mRNA level was explored in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases with the “beeswarm” R package. The protein expression of CBXs in GBM was further examined on Human Protein Atlas (HPA). The correlations between CBXs and IDH mutation and between CBXs and GBM subtypes were investigated in the TCGA portal and CGGA database with the “survminer” R package. The alteration of CBXs and their prognostic value were further determined via the cBioPortal and CGGA database with the “survival” R package. The univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to screen out the independent prognostic roles of CBXs in the CGGA database. Cytoscape was used to visualize the functions and related pathways of CBXs in GBM. U251 and U87 glioma cells with gene intervention were used to validate the role of CBX7/8 in tumor proliferation and invasion. Proliferation/invasion-related markers were conducted by Western blot and immunostaining. Results CBXs presented significantly differential expressions in pan-cancers. CBX2/3/5/8 were upregulated, whereas CBX6/7 were downregulated at mRNA level in GBM of TCGA and CGGA databases. Similarly, high expression of CBX2/3/5 and low expression of CBX6/8 were further confirmed at the protein level in the HPA. CBX2/6/7 were positively correlated with IDH mutation and CBX1/2/4/5/8 were closely related to GBM subtypes. CBX7 and CBX8 presented the independent prognostic factors for GBM patient survival. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that CBXs were closely related to the histone H3-K36, PcG protein complex, ATPase, and Wnt pathway. The overexpression of CBX7 and underexpression of CBX8 significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion Our results suggested that CBX7 and CBX8 served as independent prognostic indicators that promoted the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells, providing a promising strategy for diagnosing and treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gui-Qiang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changshu Second People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Na-Ling Kang
- Liver Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Qian-Qian Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guo-Guo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhong Wang
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Needham H, Torpey G, Flores CC, Davis CJ, Vanderheyden WM, Gerstner JR. A Dichotomous Role for FABP7 in Sleep and Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: A Hypothesis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:798994. [PMID: 35844236 PMCID: PMC9280343 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.798994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of intracellular lipid chaperone proteins known to play critical roles in the regulation of fatty acid uptake and transport as well as gene expression. Brain-type fatty acid binding protein (FABP7) is enriched in astrocytes and has been implicated in sleep/wake regulation and neurodegenerative diseases; however, the precise mechanisms underlying the role of FABP7 in these biological processes remain unclear. FABP7 binds to both arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), resulting in discrete physiological responses. Here, we propose a dichotomous role for FABP7 in which ligand type determines the subcellular translocation of fatty acids, either promoting wakefulness aligned with Alzheimer's pathogenesis or promoting sleep with concomitant activation of anti-inflammatory pathways and neuroprotection. We hypothesize that FABP7-mediated translocation of AA to the endoplasmic reticulum of astrocytes increases astrogliosis, impedes glutamatergic uptake, and enhances wakefulness and inflammatory pathways via COX-2 dependent generation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Conversely, we propose that FABP7-mediated translocation of DHA to the nucleus stabilizes astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle dynamics, preserves glutamatergic uptake, and promotes sleep by activating anti-inflammatory pathways through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ transcriptional cascade. Importantly, this model generates several testable hypotheses applicable to other neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Needham
- Department of Biology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Grace Torpey
- Department of Biology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Carlos C. Flores
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Christopher J. Davis
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - William M. Vanderheyden
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Jason R. Gerstner
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
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Basak S, Mallick R, Banerjee A, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK. Cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins in metabolic diseases and cancers. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 132:143-174. [PMID: 36088074 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are multipurpose proteins that can modulate lipid fluxes, trafficking, signaling, and metabolism. FABPs regulate metabolic and inflammatory pathways, its inhibition can improve type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. In addition, FABPs are involved in obesity, metabolic disease, cardiac dysfunction, and cancers. FABPs are promising tissue biomarkers in solid tumors for diagnostic and/or prognostic targets for novel therapeutic strategies. The signaling responsive elements of FABPs and determinants of FABP-mediated functions may be exploited in preventing or treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Comprehensive Landscape of STEAP Family Members Expression in Human Cancers: Unraveling the Potential Usefulness in Clinical Practice Using Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. DATA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/data7050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate (STEAP) family comprises STEAP1-4. Several studies have pointed out STEAP proteins as putative biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets in several types of human cancers, particularly in prostate cancer. However, the relationships and significance of the expression pattern of STEAP1-4 in cancer cases are barely known. Herein, the Oncomine database and cBioPortal platform were selected to predict the differential expression levels of STEAP members and clinical prognosis. The most common expression pattern observed was the combination of the over- and underexpression of distinct STEAP genes, but cervical and gastric cancer and lymphoma showed overexpression of all STEAP genes. It was also found that STEAP genes’ expression levels were already deregulated in benign lesions. Regarding the prognostic value, it was found that STEAP1 (prostate), STEAP2 (brain and central nervous system), STEAP3 (kidney, leukemia and testicular) and STEAP4 (bladder, cervical, gastric) overexpression correlate with lower patient survival rate. However, in prostate cancer, overexpression of the STEAP4 gene was correlated with a higher survival rate. Overall, this study first showed that the expression levels of STEAP genes are highly variable in human cancers, which may be related to different patients’ outcomes.
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Liu R, Gao Z, Li Q, Fu Q, Han D, Wang J, Li J, Guo Y, Shi Y. Integrated Analysis of ceRNA Network to Reveal Potential Prognostic Biomarkers for Glioblastoma. Front Genet 2022; 12:803257. [PMID: 35237295 PMCID: PMC8882732 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.803257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), originating in the brain, is a universally aggressive malignant tumor with a particularly poor prognosis. Therefore, insight into the critical role of underlying genetic mechanisms is essential to developing new therapeutic approaches. This study aims to identify potential markers with clinical and prognostic significance in GBM. To this end, increasing numbers of differentially expressed RNA have been identified used to construct competitive endogenous RNA networks for prognostic analysis via comparison and analysis of RNA expression levels of tumor and normal tissues in glioblastoma. This analysis demonstrated that the RNA expression patterns of normal and tumor samples were significantly different. Thus, the resulting differentially expressed RNAs were used to construct competitive endogenous RNA (competing endogenous RNA, ceRNA) networks. The functional enrichment indicated mRNAs in the network are critically involved in a variety of biological functions. Additionally, the prognostic analysis suggested 27 lncRNAs, including LOXL1-AS1, AL356414.1, etc., were significantly associated with patient survival. Given the prognostic significance of these 27 lncRNAs in GBM, we sought to classify the samples. Importantly, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that survival times varied significantly among the different categories. Overall, these results identify that the candidate lncRNAs are potential prognostic markers of GBM and its corresponding mRNAs may be a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifei Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengzheng Gao
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiwei Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Dongwei Han
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | | | - Ji Li
- Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuchen Shi, ; Ying Guo, ; Ji Li,
| | - Ying Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yuchen Shi, ; Ying Guo, ; Ji Li,
| | - Yuchen Shi
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yuchen Shi, ; Ying Guo, ; Ji Li,
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Li J, Fan H, Zhou X, Xiang Y, Liu Y. Prognostic Significance and Gene Co-Expression Network of PLAU and PLAUR in Gliomas. Front Oncol 2022; 11:602321. [PMID: 35087738 PMCID: PMC8787124 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.602321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The urokinase-type plasminogen activator(PLAU) and its receptor PLAUR participate in a series of cell physiological activities on the extracellular surface. Abnormal expression of PLAU and PLAUR is associated with tumorigenesis. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of PLAU/PLAUR transcription expression in glioma and to explore how they affect the generation and progression of glioma. In this study, online databases are applied, such as Oncomine, GEPIA, CGGA, cBioPortal, and LinkedOmics. Overexpression of PLAU/PLAUR was found to be significantly associated with clinical variables including age, tumor type, WHO grade, histology, IDH-1 mutation, and 1p19q status. PLAU and PLAUR had a high correlation in transcriptional expression levels. High expression of PLAU and PLAUR predicted a poor prognosis in primary glioma and recurrent glioma patients, especially in lower grade gliomas. Cox regression analysis indicated that high expression of PLAU and PLAUR were independent prognostic factors for shorter overall survival in glioma patients. In gene co-expression network analysis PLAU and PLAUR and their co-expression genes were found to be involved in inflammatory activities and tumor-related signaling pathways. In conclusion, PLAU and PLAUR could be promising prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huanhuan Fan
- West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingwang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufan Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Hernández A, Domènech M, Muñoz-Mármol AM, Carrato C, Balana C. Glioblastoma: Relationship between Metabolism and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123529. [PMID: 34944036 PMCID: PMC8700075 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor in adults and is characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Different factors shaping this tumor microenvironment (TME) regulate tumor initiation, progression, and treatment response. Genetic alterations and metabolism pathways are two main elements that influence tumor immune cells and TME. In this manuscript, we review how both factors can contribute to an immunosuppressive state and overview the strategies being tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Hernández
- B·ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group of Oncology) Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Marta Domènech
- B·ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group of Oncology) Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Ana M. Muñoz-Mármol
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.M.M.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Carrato
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.M.M.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Carmen Balana
- B·ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group of Oncology) Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.H.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-4978925
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Wesley UV, Sutton I, Clark PA, Cunningham K, Larrain C, Kuo JS, Dempsey RJ. Enhanced expression of pentraxin-3 in glioblastoma cells correlates with increased invasion and IL8-VEGF signaling axis. Brain Res 2021; 1776:147752. [PMID: 34906547 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is highly invasive and resistant to multimodal treatment partly due to distorted vasculature and exacerbated inflammation. The aggressiveness of brain tumors may be attributed to the dysregulated release of angiogenic and inflammatory factors. The glycoprotein pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is correlated with the severity of some cancers. However, the mechanism responsible for the invasive oncogenic role of PTX3 in GB malignancy remains unclear. In this study, we examined the role of PTX3 in GB growth, angiogenesis, and invasion using in vitro and in vivo GB models, proteomic profiling, molecular and biochemical approaches. Under in vitro conditions, PTX3 over-expression in U87 cells correlated with cell cycle progression, increased migratory potential, and proliferation under hypoxic conditions. Conditioned media containing PTX3 enhanced the angiogenic potential of endothelial cells. While silencing of PTX3 by siRNA decreased the proliferation, migration, and angiogenic potential of U87 cells in vitro. Importantly, PTX3 over-expression increased tumor growth, angiogenesis, and invasion in an orthotopic mouse model. Higher levels of PTX3 in these tumors were associated with the upregulation of inflammatory and angiogenic markers including interleukin-8 (IL-8) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but decreased levels of thrombospondin-1, an anti-angiogenic factor. Mechanistically, exogenous production of PTX3 triggered an IKK/NFκB signaling pathway that enhances the expression of the motility genes AHGEF7 and Rac1. Taken together, PTX3 expression is dysregulated in GB. PTX3 may augment invasion through enhanced angiogenesis in the GB microenvironment through the IL8-VEGF axis. Thus, PTX3 may represent a potential therapeutic target to mitigate the aggressive behavior of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umadevi V Wesley
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States.
| | - Ian Sutton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Paul A Clark
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States; Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Katelin Cunningham
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Carolina Larrain
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - John S Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, TAIWAN
| | - Robert J Dempsey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States.
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Han J, Jing Y, Han F, Sun P. Comprehensive analysis of expression, prognosis and immune infiltration for TIMPs in glioblastoma. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:447. [PMID: 34781885 PMCID: PMC8591954 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) family proteins are peptidases involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Various diseases are related to TIMPs, and the primary reason is that TIMPs can indirectly regulate remodelling of the ECM and cell signalling by regulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. However, the link between TIMPs and glioblastoma (GBM) is unclear. Objective This study aimed to explore the role of TIMP expression and immune infiltration in GBM. Methods Oncomine, GEPIA, OSgbm, LinkedOmics, STRING, GeneMANIA, Enrichr, and TIMER were used to conduct differential expression, prognosis, and immune infiltration analyses of TIMPs in GBM. Results All members of the TIMP family had significantly higher expression levels in GBM. High TIMP3 expression correlated with better overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in GBM patients. TIMP4 was associated with a long OS in GBM patients. We found a positive relationship between TIMP3 and TIMP4, identifying gene sets with similar or opposite expression directions to those in GBM patients. TIMPs and associated genes are mainly associated with extracellular matrix organization and involve proteoglycan pathways in cancer. The expression levels of TIMPs in GBM correlate with the infiltration of various immune cells, including CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, B cells, CD8+ T cells, and dendritic cells. Conclusions Our study inspires new ideas for the role of TIMPs in GBM and provides new directions for multiple treatment modalities, including immunotherapy, in GBM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02477-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkun Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yajun Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fubing Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Lan Y, Zhao E, Zhang X, Zhu X, Wan L, A S, Ping Y, Wang Y. Prognostic impact of a lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature in GBM based on transcriptome analysis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12070. [PMID: 34527446 PMCID: PMC8401751 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly, malignant tumor of the primary central nervous system. Patients diagnosed with this type of tumor have a poor prognosis. Lymphocyte activation plays important roles in the development of cancers and its therapeutic treatments. Objective We sought to identify an efficient lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature that could predict the progression and prognosis of GBM. Methods We used univariate Cox proportional hazards regression and stepwise regression algorithm to develop a lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature in the training dataset (TCGA, n = 525). Then, the signature was validated in two datasets, including GSE16011 (n = 150) and GSE13041 (n = 191) using the Kaplan Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to adjust for clinicopathological factors. Results We identified a lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature (TCF3, IGFBP2, TYRO3 and NOD2) in the training dataset and classified the patients into high-risk and low-risk groups with significant differences in overall survival (median survival 15.33 months vs 12.57 months, HR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.28-1.87], log-rank test P < 0.001). This signature showed similar prognostic values in the other two datasets. Further, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models analysis indicated that the signature was an independent prognostic factor for GBM patients. Moreover, we determined that there were differences in lymphocyte activity between the high- and low-risk groups of GBM patients among all datasets. Furthermore, the lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature could significantly predict the survival of patients with certain features, including IDH-wildtype patients and patients undergoing radiotherapy. In addition, the signature may also improve the prognostic power of age. Conclusions In summary, our results suggested that the lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature is a promising factor for the survival of patients, which is helpful for the prognosis of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Lan
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Erjie Zhao
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Linyun Wan
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Suru A
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yanyan Ping
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
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Choi WS, Xu X, Goruk S, Wang Y, Patel S, Chow M, Field CJ, Godbout R. FABP7 Facilitates Uptake of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Glioblastoma Neural Stem-like Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:2664. [PMID: 34444824 PMCID: PMC8402214 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive tumor with a dismal prognosis. Neural stem-like cells contribute to GBM's poor prognosis by driving drug resistance and maintaining cellular heterogeneity. GBM neural stem-like cells express high levels of brain fatty acid-binding protein (FABP7), which binds to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ω-6 arachidonic acid (AA) and ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Similar to brain, GBM tissue is enriched in AA and DHA. However, DHA levels are considerably lower in GBM tissue compared to adult brain. Therefore, it is possible that increasing DHA content in GBM, particularly in neural stem-like cells, might have therapeutic value. Here, we examine the fatty acid composition of patient-derived GBM neural stem-like cells grown as neurosphere cultures. We also investigate the effect of AA and DHA treatment on the fatty acid profiles of GBM neural stem-like cells with or without FABP7 knockdown. We show that DHA treatment increases DHA levels and the DHA:AA ratio in GBM neural stem-like cells, with FABP7 facilitating the DHA uptake. We also found that an increased uptake of DHA inhibits the migration of GBM neural stem-like cells. Our results suggest that increasing DHA content in the GBM microenvironment may reduce the migration/infiltration of FABP7-expressing neural stem-like cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Shik Choi
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (S.G.); (C.J.F.)
| | - Yixiong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Samir Patel
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Michael Chow
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada;
| | - Catherine J. Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (S.G.); (C.J.F.)
| | - Roseline Godbout
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
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Ji W, Liu Y, Xu B, Mei J, Cheng C, Xiao Y, Yang K, Huang W, Jiao J, Liu H, Shao J. Bioinformatics Analysis of Expression Profiles and Prognostic Values of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Family Genes in Glioma. Front Genet 2021; 12:625234. [PMID: 34276757 PMCID: PMC8283826 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.625234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family genes—of which there are seven members: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5A, STAT5B, and STAT6—have been associated with the progression of multiple cancers. However, their prognostic values in glioma remain unclear. In this study, we systematically investigated the expression, the prognostic value, and the potential mechanism of the STAT family genes in glioma. The expression of STAT1/2/3/5A/6 members were significantly higher and positively correlated with IDH mutations, while the expression of STAT5B was lower and negatively correlated with IDH mutations in glioma. Survival analysis indicated that the upregulation of STAT1/2/3/5A/6 and downregulation of STAT5B expression was associated with poorer overall survival in glioma. Joint effects analysis of STAT1/2/3/5A/5B/6 expression suggested that the prognostic value of the group was more significant than that of each individual gene. Thus, we constructed a risk score model to predict the prognosis of glioma. The receiver operating characteristic curve and calibration curves showed good performance as prognostic indicators in both TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and the CGGA (Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas) databases. Furthermore, we analyzed the correlation between STAT expression with immune infiltration in glioma. The Protein–protein interaction network and enrichment analysis showed that STAT members and co-expressed genes mainly participated in signal transduction activity, Hepatitis B, the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, and the cytokine-mediated signaling pathway in glioma. In summary, our study analyzed the expression, prognostic values, and biological roles of the STAT gene family members in glioma, based on which we developed a new risk score model to predict the prognosis of glioma more precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuankun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiantong Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfei Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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29
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Xu X, Zhong Z, Shao Y, Yi Y. Prognostic Value of MEG3 and Its Correlation With Immune Infiltrates in Gliomas. Front Genet 2021; 12:679097. [PMID: 34220951 PMCID: PMC8242350 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.679097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed that dysregulated lncRNA expression contributes to the onset and progression of cancer. However, the mechanistic role of lncRNA in glioma progression and tumor immunology remains largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the significance of maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in the prognosis of and its immune-related roles in gliomas. The expression levels of MEG3 were analyzed using Oncomine and TIMER database. As an important imprinted gene, the copy number variation (CNV) of MEG3 in both glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and low-grade glioma (LGG) were analyzed using GSCALite database, whereas its prognostic significance was assessed using PrognoScan and GEPIA databases. The relationship between MEG3 and tumor-infiltrated immune cells was analyzed using TIMER. Results showed that MEG3 expression was lower in most of the human cancer tissues than in the normal tissues. We also found that heterozygous deletion of MEG3 occurred more frequent than heterozygous amplification in gliomas, and mRNA expression of MEG3 was significantly positively correlated with its CNV in both the GBM and LGG group. Survival analysis showed that the CNV level of MEG3 had significant correlation with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared with wild type in LGG. Lower MEG3 expression was related with poor prognosis. Further analysis showed that in GBM, MEG3 expression level was significantly positively correlated with that of infiltrating CD8+ T cells and significantly negatively correlated with that of infiltrating dendritic cells. In LGG, MEG3 expression level was significantly negatively correlated with levels of infiltrating B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Univariate Cox survival analysis demonstrated that only the level of infiltrating dendritic cells significantly affected the survival time of patients with GBM, while all six types of immune cells had a significant effect on the survival time of patients with LGG. Furthermore, MEG3 expression showed strong correlations with multiple immune markers in gliomas, especially in LGG. The current findings suggest that MEG3 expression might serve as a possible prognostic marker and potential immunotherapeutic target for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Zhenglan Zhong
- Department of Health Examination, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Yongxiang Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Yong Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
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30
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Xu X, Wang Y, Choi WS, Sun X, Godbout R. Super resolution microscopy reveals DHA-dependent alterations in glioblastoma membrane remodelling and cell migration. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9706-9722. [PMID: 34018532 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brain fatty acid binding protein (FABP7; B-FABP) promotes glioblastoma (GBM) cell migration and is associated with tumor infiltration, properties associated with a poor prognosis in GBM patients. FABP7-expressing neural stem-like cells are known to drive tumor migration/infiltration and resistance to treatment. We have previously shown that FABP7's effects on cell migration can be reversed when GBM cells are cultured in medium supplemented with the omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Here, we use super-resolution imaging on patient-derived GBM stem-like cells to examine the importance of FABP7 and its fatty acid ligands in mitigating GBM cell migration. As FABPs are involved in fatty acid transport from membrane to cytosol, we focus on the effect of FABP7 and its ligand DHA on GBM membrane remodeling, as well as FABP7 nanoscale domain formation on GBM membrane. Using quantitative plasma membrane lipid order imaging, we show that FABP7 expression in GBM cells correlates with increased membrane lipid order, with DHA dramatically decreasing lipid order. Using super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, we observe non-uniform distribution of FABP7 on the surface of GBM cells, with FABP7 forming punctate nanoscale domains of ∼100 nm in diameter. These nanodomains are particularly enriched at the migrating front of GBM cells. Interestingly, FABP7 nanodomains are disrupted when GBM cells are cultured in DHA-supplemented medium. We demonstrate a tight link between cell migration, a higher membrane lipid order and increased FABP7 nanoscale domains. We propose that DHA-mediated disruption of membrane lipid order and FABP7 nanodomains forms the basis of FABP7/DHA-mediated inhibition of cell migration in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Department of Oncology, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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31
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Zhang H, Cao X, Wang J, Li Q, Zhao Y, Jin X. LZTR1: A promising adaptor of the CUL3 family. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:564. [PMID: 34113392 PMCID: PMC8185703 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of the disorders of ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation may unravel the molecular basis of human diseases, such as cancer (prostate cancer, lung cancer and liver cancer, etc.) and nervous system disease (Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease, etc.) and help in the design of new therapeutic methods. Leucine zipper-like transcription regulator 1 (LZTR1) is an important substrate recognition subunit of cullin-RING E3 ligase that plays an important role in the regulation of cellular functions. Mutations in LZTR1 and dysregulation of associated downstream signaling pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of Noonan syndrome (NS), glioblastoma and chronic myeloid leukemia. Understanding the molecular mechanism of the normal function of LZTR1 is thus critical for its eventual therapeutic targeting. In the present review, the structure and function of LZTR1 are described. Moreover, recent advances in the current knowledge of the functions of LZTR1 in NS, glioblastoma (GBM), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and schwannomatosis and the influence of LZTR1 mutations are also discussed, providing insight into how LZTR1 may be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Yiting Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
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Wang L, Xu D, Cai L, Dai J, Li Y, Xu H. Expression and survival analysis of the STAT gene family in diffuse gliomas using integrated bioinformatics. Curr Res Transl Med 2021; 69:103274. [PMID: 33836320 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2020.103274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) belongs to the acyltransferase family and participates in cell viability response to different cell stimuli and pathogens. By mediating the expression of a variety of genes, the STAT family plays a prominent part in mammal immunity, proliferation and differentiation. Dysregulations and mutations of STAT factors have been revealed in many kinds of cancers including diffuse gliomas; however, expression characteristic and prognostic value of STAT in diffuse gliomas remain to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptional and survival data of gliomas using ONCOMINE, cBioPortal, GEPIA, COXPRESDB and WEBGESTALTR databases. The results demonstrated that the transcriptional level of STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5A in gliomas was significantly higher than that in normal tissue. Furthermore, dysregulations of STAT1, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5B and STAT6 were referred to as the potential biomarkers to sub-group analysis of gliomas. Survival analysis by the Kaplan-Meier Plotter suggested that glioma patients with high expression of STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5B tended to have poor survival. These data revealed that the STAT family may be an essential aspect of glioma progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, China.
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, China
| | - Longbiao Cai
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China
| | - Jia Dai
- Tianmen Power Supply Company, State Grid Corporation of China, Hubei, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, China.
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Abstract
PANX2 forms large-pore channels mediating ATP release in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Although PANX2 shows involvements in glioma genesis, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. PANX2 mRNA expression was analyzed via Oncomine and was confirmed via Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). The influence of PANX2 on overall survival (OS) of glioma was evaluated using LinkedOmics and further assessed through Cox regression analysis. The correlated genes with PANX2 acquired from LinkedOmics were validated through GEPIA and cBioPortal. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) of these genes was then obtained using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape with MCODE plug-in. All the PANX2-related genes underwent Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. The correlation between PANX2 and cancer immune infiltrates was evaluated via Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). A higher expression of PANX2 only revealed a better OS in brain low grade glioma (LGG). PANX2-related genes in LGG functionally enriched in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, synaptic vesicle cycle, and calcium signaling. The hub genes from highest module of PPI were mainly linked to chemical synaptic transmission, plasma membrane, neuropeptide, and the pathway of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Besides, PANX2 expression was negatively associated with infiltrating levels of macrophage, dendritic cells, and CD4+ T cells. This study demonstrated that PANX2 likely participated in LGG pathogenesis by affecting multiple molecular pathways and immune-related processes. PANX2 was associated with LGG prognosis and might become a promising therapeutic target of LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoXue Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First
Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease
Big Data of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - YueHan Hao
- Department of Neurology, The First
Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease
Big Data of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Xiong
- Liaoning Academy of Analytic Science,
Construction Engineering Center of Important Technology Innovation and Research and
Development Base in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - ZhiYi He
- Department of Neurology, The First
Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease
Big Data of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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Li C, Zhou Y, Deng H, Ye Y, Zhao S, Liang S, Cai S, Lin J, Tang Y, Wu Y. Mining database for the therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers among STAT family in glioblastoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 30:179-191. [PMID: 33104022 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor with a high mortality rate. Aberrant activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling results in tumor pathogenesis and progression by regulating cell cycle, cell survival and immune response. METHODS Therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers within the STAT family in GBM were explored using web applications and databases. RESULTS High levels of STAT1/3/5A/5B/6 and low levels of STAT4 were observed in GBM patients. GBM patients expressing high STAT1/2/3/5A/6 and low STAT4/5B levels had the worse overall survival. Among the STAT family, STAT4 and STAT6 were the most frequently mutated genes. A low to moderate correlation among members of the STAT family was observed. Additionally, the STATs were involved in activation or inhibition of cancer related pathways. Analysis of immune infiltrates showed STAT5A levels to be significantly correlated with abundance of immune cells and levels of immune gene biomarkers. Gene ontology (GO) functions and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that STAT5A is involved in immune response-regulating signaling pathway, neutrophil and lymphocyte mediated immunity, single-stranded DNA binding, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. Moreover, several kinase and transcription factor targets of STAT5A in GBM were identified. CONCLUSION We report here therapeutic targets, prognostic biomarkers and regulation network of STAT family in GBM. These findings lay a foundation for further studies on the role of STAT family in therapy and prognosis of GBM. Further studies are required to verify our results.
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Zhao Y, Zhang X, Yao J. Comprehensive analysis of PLOD family members in low-grade gliomas using bioinformatics methods. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246097. [PMID: 33503035 PMCID: PMC7840023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) is a primary invasive brain tumor that grows slowly but is incurable and eventually develops into high malignant glioma. Novel biomarkers for the tumorigenesis and lifetime of LGG are critically demanded to be investigated. In this study, the expression levels of procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenases (PLODs) were analyzed by ONCOMINE, HPA and GEPIA. The GEPIA online platform was applied to evaluate the interrelation between PLODs and survival index in LGG. Furthermore, functions of PLODs and co-expression genes were inspected by the DAVID. Moreover, we used TIMER, cBioportal, GeneMINIA and NetworkAnalyst analysis to reveal the mechanism of PLODs in LGG. We found that expression levels of each PLOD family members were up-regulated in patients with LGG. Higher expression of PLODs was closely related to shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The findings showed that LGG cases with or without alterations were significantly correlated with the OS and DFS. The mechanism of PLODs in LGG may be involved in response to hypoxia, oxidoreductase activity, Lysine degradation and immune cell infiltration. In general, this research has investigated the values of PLODs in LGG, which could serve as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and potential therapeutic targets of LGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junchao Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang X, Sjöblom T. Targeting Loss of Heterozygosity: A Novel Paradigm for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010057. [PMID: 33450833 PMCID: PMC7828287 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a common genetic event in the development of cancer. In certain tumor types, LOH can affect more than 20% of the genome, entailing loss of allelic variation in thousands of genes. This reduction of heterozygosity creates genetic differences between tumor and normal cells, providing opportunities for development of novel cancer therapies. Here, we review and summarize (1) mutations associated with LOH on chromosomes which have been shown to be promising biomarkers of cancer risk or the prediction of clinical outcomes in certain types of tumors; (2) loci undergoing LOH that can be targeted for development of novel anticancer drugs as well as (3) LOH in tumors provides up-and-coming possibilities to understand the underlying mechanisms of cancer evolution and to discover novel cancer vulnerabilities which are worth a further investigation in the near future.
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Bobeff EJ, Szczesna D, Bieńkowski M, Janczar K, Chmielewska-Kassassir M, Wiśniewski K, Papierz W, Wozniak LA, Jaskólski DJ. Plasma amino acids indicate glioblastoma with ATRX loss. Amino Acids 2021; 53:119-132. [PMID: 33398522 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary brain tumour in adults. The lack of molecular biomarker, non-specific symptoms and fast growth rate often result in a significant delay in diagnosis. Despite multimodal treatment, the prognosis remains poor. Here, we verified the hypothesis that amino acids (AA) regulating the critical metabolic pathways necessary for maintenance, growth, reproduction, and immunity of an organism, may constitute a favourable target in GB biomarker research. We measured the plasma amino acids levels in 18 GB patients and 15 controls and performed the quantitative and qualitative metabolomic analysis of free AA applying high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). We present both the raw data and the results of our statistical analysis. The majority of AA were lowered in the study group in comparison to the control group. Five of these (arginine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, and histidine) differed significantly (all p < 10-5 and AUC > 0.9). Plasma levels of leucine and phenylalanine decreased in the case of GB with lost alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked (ATRX) expression on immunohistochemistry (p = 0.003 and 0.045, respectively). We demonstrated for the first time that certain plasma-free AA levels of GB patients were significantly different from those in healthy volunteers. Target profiling of plasma-free AA, identified utilizing LC-QTOF-MS, may present prognostic value by indicating GB patients with lost ATRX expression. The on-going quest for glioma biomarkers still aims to determine the detailed metabolic profile and evaluate its impact on therapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Jan Bobeff
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Barlicki University Hospital, Kopcinskiego St. 22, 90-153, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Dorota Szczesna
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Bieńkowski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karolina Janczar
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Karol Wiśniewski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Barlicki University Hospital, Kopcinskiego St. 22, 90-153, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wielisław Papierz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The Mazovian State University in Plock, Plock, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Jan Jaskólski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Barlicki University Hospital, Kopcinskiego St. 22, 90-153, Lodz, Poland
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Stucky A, Gao L, Sun L, Li SC, Chen X, Park TH, Cai J, Kabeer MH, Zhang X, Sinha UK, Zhong JF. Evidence for AJUBA-catenin-CDH4-linked differentiation resistance of mesenchymal stem cells implies tumorigenesis and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a single-cell transcriptome approach. BLOOD AND GENOMICS 2021; 5:29-39. [PMID: 34368804 PMCID: PMC8346230 DOI: 10.46701/bg.2021012021106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of reports indicate that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an essential role in promoting tumorigenesis and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Using the MSC model system, this study analyzes the molecular pathway by which differentiation resistant MSCs promote HNSCC. MSCs were cultured in osteogenic differentiation media and harvested on days 12 and 19. Cells were stained for cell differentiation analysis using Alizarin Red. The osteogenesis-resistant MSCs (OR-MSCs) and MSC-differentiation-derived osteoblasts (D-OSTBs) were identified and subjected to the single-cell transcriptome analysis. Gene-specific analyses of these two sub-populations were performed for the patterns of differential expression. A total of 1 780 differentially expressed genes were determined to distinguish OR-MSCs significantly from D-OSTB. Notably, AJUBA, β-catenin, and CDH4 expression levels were upregulated considerably within the OR-MSCs compared to D-OSTBs. To confirm their clinical relevance, a survey of a clinical cohort revealed a high correlation among the expression levels of AJUBA, β-catenin and CDH4. The results shed new light that OR-MSCs participate in the development of HNSCC via a pathway mediated by AJUBA, β-catenin, CDH4, and CTNNB1, thereby implying that MSC-based therapy is a promising therapeutic approach in the management of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Stucky
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lan Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Shengwen Calvin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience Research, CHOC Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC), Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California - Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Xuelian Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Tiffany H. Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jin Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mustafa H. Kabeer
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California - Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Uttam K. Sinha
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jiang F. Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Badr CE, Silver DJ, Siebzehnrubl FA, Deleyrolle LP. Metabolic heterogeneity and adaptability in brain tumors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:5101-5119. [PMID: 32506168 PMCID: PMC8272080 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic complexity and flexibility commonly observed in brain tumors, especially glioblastoma, is fundamental for their development and progression. The ability of tumor cells to modify their genetic landscape and adapt metabolically, subverts therapeutic efficacy, and inevitably instigates therapeutic resistance. To overcome these challenges and develop effective therapeutic strategies targeting essential metabolic processes, it is necessary to identify the mechanisms underlying heterogeneity and define metabolic preferences and liabilities of malignant cells. In this review, we will discuss metabolic diversity in brain cancer and highlight the role of cancer stem cells in regulating metabolic heterogeneity. We will also highlight potential therapeutic modalities targeting metabolic vulnerabilities and examine how intercellular metabolic signaling can shape the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Badr
- Neuro-Oncology Division, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Florian A Siebzehnrubl
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Liu F, Wu H. Prognostic Value of Gastrokine-2 (GKN2) and Its Correlation with Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Lung Cancer and Gastric Cancers. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:933-944. [PMID: 33235482 PMCID: PMC7678718 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s277353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GKN2, as a secretory protein, is involved in the inflammation and immune modulation, and its aberrant expression is closely related to tumorigenesis. However, integrated studies on the value of GKN2 as a promising clinical biomarker and immunotherapy target in multiple tumors are still rare. Methodology Multiple online databases, including ONCOMINE, SEGreg, UALCAN, GEPIA, K-M Plotter, cBioPortal, MethSurv, CellMarker, and Timer, were applied to assess the clinical significance of GKN2 and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in differentially expressed cancers. Results Several databases confirmed that GKN2 was significantly down-regulated in lung and gastric cancers compared that in normal samples. GKN2 was altered in 3%, 5%, and 4% of the LUAD, LUSC, and STAD samples, respectively. Hyper-methylation of GKN2 was found in LUAD and LUSC samples. For the clinical values of GKN2, we found that the low transcription level of GKN2 was associated with worse OS in lung cancer, and inferior FP and PPS in gastric cancer, and the relationships between GKN2 expression and clinical variables regarding OS/FP/PPS in lung and gastric cancers were assessed. Moreover, the prognostic value of the DNA methylation patterns of GKN2 in LUAD, LUSC, and STAD was identified. Furthermore, GKN2 expression was found to be significantly correlated with the infiltrating multiple tumor immune cells, and statistically significant differences in the correlation between GKN2 expression and multiple markers of neutrophils and macrophage polarization were observed in LUAD, LUSC, and STAD. Conclusion The study revealed the prognosis and risk factors for deterioration in patients with low expression of GKN2. GKN2 may be used as a valuable prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in lung and gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangteng Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, People's Republic of China.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Hengyu Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, People's Republic of China
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Esteve-Codina A, Alameda F, Carrato C, Pineda E, Arpí O, Martinez-García M, Mallo M, Gut M, Dabad M, Tortosa A, Del Barco S, Capellades J, Puig J, Gallego O, Pujol T, Oleaga L, Gil-Gil M, de Quintana-Schmidt C, Valduvieco I, Martinez-Cardús A, Bellosillo B, Muñoz-Marmol AM, Esteve A, Domenech M, Camins A, Craven-Bartle J, Villa S, Marruecos J, Domenech S, de la Iglesia N, Balana C. RNA sequencing and Immunohistochemistry Reveal ZFN7 as a Stronger Marker of Survival than Molecular Subtypes in G-CIMP-negative Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:645-655. [PMID: 33106291 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain tumor in adults and has few therapeutic options. The study of molecular subtype classifications may lead to improved prognostic classification and identification of new therapeutic targets. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) subtype classification has mainly been applied in U.S. clinical trials, while the intrinsic glioma subtype (IGS) has mainly been applied in European trials. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN From paraffin-embedded tumor samples of 432 patients with uniformly treated, newly diagnosed glioblastoma, we built tissue microarrays for IHC analysis and applied RNA sequencing to the best samples to classify them according to TCGA and IGS subtypes. RESULTS We obtained transcriptomic results from 124 patients. There was a lack of agreement among the three TCGA classificatory algorithms employed, which was not solely attributable to intratumoral heterogeneity. There was overlapping of TCGA mesenchymal subtype with IGS cluster 23 and of TCGA classical subtype with IGS cluster 18. Molecular subtypes were not associated with prognosis, but levels of expression of 13 novel genes were identified as independent prognostic markers in glioma-CpG island methylator phenotype-negative patients, independently of clinical factors and MGMT methylation. These findings were validated in at least one external database. Three of the 13 genes were selected for IHC validation. In particular, high ZNF7 RNA expression and low ZNF7 protein expression were strongly associated with longer survival, independently of molecular subtypes. CONCLUSIONS TCGA and IGS molecular classifications of glioblastoma have no higher prognostic value than individual genes and should be refined before being applied to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Alameda
- Pathology Department, Neuropathology Unit, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrato
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Estela Pineda
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic, Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Arpí
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mar Mallo
- Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marta Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Dabad
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Avelina Tortosa
- Laboratori de Quimio-resistència i Cáncer, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Department of Fundamental Care and Medical-Surgical Nursing, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Bellvitge, Spain
| | - Sonia Del Barco
- Medical Oncology, Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Puig
- Radiology Department, Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Oscar Gallego
- Medical Oncology, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Pujol
- Radiology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Oleaga
- Radiology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Gil-Gil
- Neuro-Oncology Unit & Medical Oncology Department, Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), Institut de Investigació Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Anna Martinez-Cardús
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO Group), Institut Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bellosillo
- Pathology Department, Neuropathology Unit, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Esteve
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO Group), Institut Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Marta Domenech
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO Group), Institut Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Angels Camins
- Radiology Department, Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital de Bellvitge, Bellvitge, Spain
| | | | - Salvador Villa
- Radiation Therapy Department, Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), Badalona, Spain
| | - Jordi Marruecos
- Radiation Oncology Department, Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), Girona, Spain
| | - Sira Domenech
- Radiology Department, Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Nuria de la Iglesia
- Glioma and Neural Stem Cell Group, Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Team, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Balana
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO Group), Institut Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.
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Zheng Z, Xie J, Xiong L, Gao M, Qin L, Dai C, Liang Z, Wang Y, Xue J, Wang Q, Wang W, Li X. Identification of candidate biomarkers and therapeutic drugs of colorectal cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Med Oncol 2020; 37:104. [PMID: 33078282 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-020-01425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are diagnosed with advanced stages and low prognosis. We aimed to identify potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as active small molecules of CRC. Microarray data (GSE9348, GSE35279, and GSE106582) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the GEO2R platform. Common DEGs were selected for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Cytoscape software was used to construct protein-protein interaction networks and identify hub genes. Hub genes were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis in the GEPIA database and validated in two independent microarray data (GSE74602 and GSE83889). Common DEGs were used to select active small molecules by the connectivity map database. A total of 166 DEGs were identified as common DEGs. GO analysis demonstrated that common DEGs were significantly enriched in the apoptotic process, cell proliferation, and cell adhesion. KEGG analysis indicated that the most enriched pathways were the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction. COL1A2, THBS2, TIMP1, and CXCL8 significantly upregulated in colorectal tumor. High expressions of COL1A2, THBS2, and TIMP1 were associated with poor survival, while high expressions of CXCL8 were associated with better survival. We selected 11 small molecules for CRC therapy. In conclusion, we found key dysregulated genes associated with CRC and potential small molecules to reverse them. COL1A2, THBS2, TIMP1, and CXCL8 may act as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoling Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Erheng Road of Yuan Village, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Jingwen Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Erheng Road of Yuan Village, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Lixiong Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Erheng Road of Yuan Village, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Erheng Road of Yuan Village, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Erheng Road of Yuan Village, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Chunmei Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Erheng Road of Yuan Village, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhikun Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Erheng Road of Yuan Village, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Erheng Road of Yuan Village, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Erheng Road of Yuan Village, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Qinbo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Erheng Road of Yuan Village, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Network Information Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Erheng Road of Yuan Village, Guangzhou, 510655, China. .,National Engineering Research Center of Digital Life, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 Waihuan Dong Road, University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Erheng Road of Yuan Village, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
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Inhibition of Radiation and Temozolomide-Induced Glioblastoma Invadopodia Activity Using Ion Channel Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102888. [PMID: 33050088 PMCID: PMC7599723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma accounts for approximately 40–50% of all primary brain cancers and is a highly aggressive cancer that rapidly disseminates within the surrounding normal brain. Dynamic actin-rich protrusions known as invadopodia facilitate this invasive process. Ion channels have also been linked to a pro-invasive phenotype and may contribute to facilitating invadopodia activity in cancer cells. The aim of our study was to screen ion channel-targeting drugs for their cytotoxic efficacy and potential anti-invadopodia properties in glioblastoma cells. We demonstrated that the targeting of ion channels in glioblastoma cells can lead to a reduction in invadopodia activity and protease secretion. Importantly, the candidate drugs exhibited a significant reduction in radiation and temozolomide-induced glioblastoma cell invadopodia activity. These findings support the proposed pro-invasive role of ion channels via invadopodia in glioblastoma, which may be ideal therapeutic targets for the treatment of glioblastoma patients. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and malignant type of primary brain cancer. The rapid invasion and dissemination of tumor cells into the surrounding normal brain is a major driver of tumor recurrence, and long-term survival of GBM patients is extremely rare. Actin-rich cell membrane protrusions known as invadopodia can facilitate the highly invasive properties of GBM cells. Ion channels have been proposed to contribute to a pro-invasive phenotype in cancer cells and may also be involved in the invadopodia activity of GBM cells. GBM cell cytotoxicity screening of several ion channel drugs identified three drugs with potent cell killing efficacy: flunarizine dihydrochloride, econazole nitrate, and quinine hydrochloride dihydrate. These drugs demonstrated a reduction in GBM cell invadopodia activity and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) secretion. Importantly, the treatment of GBM cells with these drugs led to a significant reduction in radiation/temozolomide-induced invadopodia activity. The dual cytotoxic and anti-invasive efficacy of these agents merits further research into targeting ion channels to reduce GBM malignancy, with a potential for future clinical translation in combination with the standard therapy.
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Carrato C, Alameda F, Esteve-Codina A, Pineda E, Arpí O, Martinez-García M, Mallo M, Gut M, Lopez-Martos R, Barco SD, Ribalta T, Capellades J, Puig J, Gallego O, Mesia C, Muñoz-Marmol AM, Archilla I, Arumí M, Blanc JM, Bellosillo B, Menendez S, Esteve A, Bagué S, Hernandez A, Craven-Bartle J, Fuentes R, Vidal N, Aldecoa I, Iglesia NDL, Balana C. Glioblastoma TCGA Mesenchymal and IGS 23 Tumors are Identifiable by IHC and have an Immune-phenotype Indicating a Potential Benefit from Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6600-6609. [PMID: 32998960 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular subtype classifications in glioblastoma may detect therapy sensitivities. IHC would potentially allow the identification of molecular subtypes in routine clinical practice. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples of 124 uniformly treated, newly diagnosed patients with glioblastoma were submitted to RNA sequencing, IHC, and immune-phenotyping to identify differences in molecular subtypes associated with treatment sensitivities. RESULTS We detected high molecular and IHC overlapping of the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) mesenchymal subtype with instrinsic glioma subtypes (IGS) cluster 23 and of the TCGA classical subtype with IGS cluster 18. IHC patterns, gene fusion profiles, and immune-phenotypes varied across subtypes. IHC revealed that the TCGA classical subtype was identified by high expression of EGFR and low expression of PTEN, while the mesenchymal subtype was identified by low expression of SOX2 and high expression of two antibodies, SHC1 and TCIRG1, selected on the basis of RNA differential transcriptomic expression. The proneural subtype was identified by frequent positive IDH1 expression and high Olig2 and Ki67 expression. Immune-phenotyping showed that mesenchymal and IGS 23 tumors exhibited a higher positive effector cell score, a higher negative suppressor cell score, and lower levels of immune checkpoint molecules. The cell-type deconvolution analysis revealed that these tumors are highly enriched in M2 macrophages, resting memory CD4+ T cells, and activated dendritic cells, indicating that they may be ideal candidates for immunotherapy, especially with anti-M2 and/or dendritic cell vaccination. CONCLUSIONS There is a subset of tumors, frequently classified as mesenchymal or IGS cluster 23, that may be identified with IHC and could well be optimal candidates for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carrato
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Francesc Alameda
- Pathology Department, Neuropathology Unit, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Pineda
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic, Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Arpí
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mar Mallo
- Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marta Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Lopez-Martos
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sonia Del Barco
- Medical Oncology, Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO) Girona, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Teresa Ribalta
- Pathology Department (Neuropathology), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Puig
- Radiology Department, Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Oscar Gallego
- Medical Oncology, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Mesia
- Neuro-Oncology Unit & Medical Oncology Department, Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), Institut de Investigació Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Muñoz-Marmol
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ivan Archilla
- Pathology Department (Neuropathology), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Arumí
- Pathology Department, Neuropathology Unit, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julie Marie Blanc
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bellosillo
- Pathology Department, Neuropathology Unit, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Menendez
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO) Badalona, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO Group), Institut Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Silvia Bagué
- Pathology Department, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Hernandez
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO) Badalona, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO Group), Institut Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Fuentes
- Radiation Therapy Department, Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), Girona, Spain
| | - Noemí Vidal
- Pathology Department, Hospital de Bellvitge. Bellvitge, Spain
| | - Iban Aldecoa
- Pathology Department (Neuropathology), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurological Tissue Bank, Biobanc-Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria de la Iglesia
- Glioma and Neural Stem Cell Group, Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Team, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Balana
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO) Badalona, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO Group), Institut Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.
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Li C, Deng H, Zhou Y, Ye Y, Zhao S, Liang S, Cai S, Lin J, Tang Y, Wu Y. Expression and clinical significance of CXC chemokines in the glioblastoma microenvironment. Life Sci 2020; 261:118486. [PMID: 32976881 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common subtype of brain cancer, encompassing 16% of all primary brain cancers. The prognosis of GBM is poor, with a 5-year-survial of approximately 5%. Increasing evidence has revealed that chemokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are often altered, thus affecting tumor proliferation and metastasis. METHOD Multi-omics and bioinformatics tools were utilized to clarify the role of CXC chemokine in GBM. RESULT Most CXC chemokines were found to be differentially regulated in GBM, which correlated with patient prognosis. CXC chemokines were found to activate cancer-related signaling pathways, thus affecting immune infiltration. Interestingly, this was found to be associated with drug resistance. Most CXC chemokines were significantly correlated with abundance of B cells, CD8+ cells and dendritic cells. Furthermore, somatic copy number alterations of CXC chemokines can inhibit dendritic cell infiltration. Moreover, CXCL1 was selected as a hub gene, and several kinase, miRNA and transcription factor targets of CXCL1 were identified. CONCLUSION our study provides novel insights into CXC chemokine expression and their role in the GBM microenvironment. These results are able to provide more data about prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Li
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Hanshun Deng
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Yanfei Zhou
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Yuanshen Ye
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Shuizhen Zhao
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Shangnan Liang
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Shirong Cai
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Jincai Lin
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Yaolong Tang
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Yanyu Wu
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China.
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Chen H, Xu C, Yu Q, Zhong C, Peng Y, Chen J, Chen G. Comprehensive landscape of STEAP family functions and prognostic prediction value in glioblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2988-3000. [PMID: 32964440 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common, malignant, and deadly primary glioma. Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate (STEAP) family is involved in tumorigenesis; here, we have explored the biological function and the prognostic value of the STEAP family in GBM. Differentially expressed STEAP genes in tumor and normal samples were screened by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression identified the prognosis-related genes: STEAP2 and STEAP3, which were involved in the regulation of immune response and cell cycle. Finally, a prognostic nomogram combining age, gender, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, IDH1 status, and the risk score model based on STEAP2 and STEAP3 was built and further validated in TCGA and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) cohorts via concordance index and calibration plot, which suggested a favorable value for prognosis prediction. In conclusion, our results provided a comprehensive analysis of the STEAP family and a model for the prognosis prediction of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaijun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Jiang L, Zhong M, Chen T, Zhu X, Yang H, Lv K. Gene regulation network analysis reveals core genes associated with survival in glioblastoma multiforme. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10075-10087. [PMID: 32696617 PMCID: PMC7520335 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a very serious mortality of central nervous system cancer. The microarray data from GSE2223, GSE4058, GSE4290, GSE13276, GSE68848 and GSE70231 (389 GBM tumour and 67 normal tissues) and the RNA-seq data from TCGA-GBM dataset (169 GBM and five normal samples) were chosen to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RRA (Robust rank aggregation) method was used to integrate seven datasets and calculate 133 DEGs (82 up-regulated and 51 down-regulated genes). Subsequently, through the PPI (protein-protein interaction) network and MCODE/ cytoHubba methods, we finally filtered out ten hub genes, including FOXM1, CDK4, TOP2A, RRM2, MYBL2, MCM2, CDC20, CCNB2, MYC and EZH2, from the whole network. Functional enrichment analyses of DEGs were conducted to show that these hub genes were enriched in various cancer-related functions and pathways significantly. We also selected CCNB2, CDC20 and MYBL2 as core biomarkers, and further validated them in CGGA, HPA and CCLE database, suggesting that these three core hub genes may be involved in the origin of GBM. All these potential biomarkers for GBM might be helpful for illustrating the important role of molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis in the diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy of GBM cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jiang
- Central LaboratoryYijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
- Key Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education InstitutionWannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
| | - Min Zhong
- Central LaboratoryYijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
- Key Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education InstitutionWannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
| | - Tianbing Chen
- Central LaboratoryYijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
- Key Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education InstitutionWannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Central LaboratoryYijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
- Key Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education InstitutionWannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
| | - Hui Yang
- Central LaboratoryYijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
- Key Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education InstitutionWannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
| | - Kun Lv
- Central LaboratoryYijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
- Key Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education InstitutionWannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
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Qin F, Lao L, Huang M, Tan H, Jin X, Ma X, Zeng J. Evaluation of the TRPM protein family as potential biomarkers for various types of human cancer using public database analyses. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:770-785. [PMID: 32742323 PMCID: PMC7388292 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin (TRPM) protein family members have been demonstrated to be involved in a variety of different types of human cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has not yet been a systematic study regarding the mRNA expression of the TRPM protein family or its prognostic value in human cancer. The present study investigated TRPM expression and its prognostic value in various human cancer types via the Oncomine database, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and the PrognoScan and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis databases. It was revealed that the transcriptional levels of TRPM1, TRPM3 and TRPM6 were decreased in the majority of cancer tissues, while TRPM2 was increased in most cancer types. In addition, the high or low transcriptional levels of the TRPM protein family members were associated with survival outcomes of different types of solid tumors. The present study suggested that certain TRPM protein family members may serve as useful biomarkers for cancer prognosis and anticancer targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchuang Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Lingdi Lao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Minhua Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Hang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou Mingzhou Brain Rehabilitation Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Xuhong Jin
- Department of Osteology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310004, P.R. China
| | - Xilie Ma
- Department of Osteology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310004, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Killoy KM, Harlan BA, Pehar M, Vargas MR. FABP7 upregulation induces a neurotoxic phenotype in astrocytes. Glia 2020; 68:2693-2704. [PMID: 32619303 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are key regulators of lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, and inflammation. They participate in fatty acid metabolism by regulating their uptake, transport, and availability of ligands to nuclear receptors. In the adult brain, FABP7 is especially abundant in astrocytes that are rich in cytoplasmic granules originated from damaged mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated in the neurodegenerative process observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), either as a primary cause or as a secondary component of the pathogenic process. Here we investigated the expression of FABP7 in animal models of human superoxide dismutase 1 (hSOD1)-linked ALS. In the spinal cord of symptomatic mutant hSOD1-expressing mice, FABP7 is upregulated in gray matter astrocytes. Using a coculture model, we examined the effect of increased FABP7 expression in astrocyte-motor neuron interaction. Our data show that FABP7 overexpression directly promotes an NF-κB-driven pro-inflammatory response in nontransgenic astrocytes that ultimately is detrimental for motor neuron survival. Addition of trophic factors, capable of supporting motor neuron survival in pure cultures, did not prevent motor neuron loss in cocultures with FABP7 overexpressing astrocytes. In addition, astrocyte cultures obtained from symptomatic hSOD1-expressing mice display upregulated FABP7 expression. Silencing endogenous FABP7 in these cultures decreases the expression of inflammatory markers and their toxicity toward cocultured motor neurons. Our results identify a key role of FABP7 in the regulation of the inflammatory response in astrocytes and identify FABP7 as a potential therapeutic target to prevent astrocyte-mediated motor neuron toxicity in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelby M Killoy
- Biomedical Sciences Training Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Benjamin A Harlan
- Biomedical Sciences Training Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mariana Pehar
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marcelo R Vargas
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Gao G, Yang M, Wang F, Dang G, Zhang X, Zhao J, Wang X, Jin B. Coagulation factor 2 thrombin receptor promotes malignancy in glioma under SOX2 regulation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10594—10613. [PMID: 32507767 PMCID: PMC7346046 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common human primary brain cancer with high mortality and unfavorable clinical outcome. Coagulation factor 2 thrombin receptor (F2R), is a key component in the thrombosis process and has been demonstrated upregulated in various cancers. However, the effect and molecular mechanisms of F2R in glioma remains unclear. In our study, we confirmed that the expression of F2R was upregulated in glioma and predicted poor prognosis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and function assays demonstrated that F2R overexpression promoted glioma cell proliferation, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Then, we identified and validated F2R was the target gene of SRY-box 2 (SOX2) by dual luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Besides, High expression of F2R in malignant glioma was associated with β-catenint signaling pathway activation. Our findings conclude that F2R promotes glioma cell proliferation and metastasis under SOX2 and actives WNT/β-catenin Signaling pathway, which provides novel insight to the therapeutic regimen in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR. China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR. China
| | - Ge Dang
- Department of Operating Theatre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR. China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Operating Theatre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Operating Theatre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR. China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR. China
| | - Baozhe Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR. China
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