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Kundu B, Dvorácskó S, Basu A, Pommerolle L, Kim KA, Wood CM, Gibbs E, Behee M, Tarasova NI, Cinar R, Iyer MR. Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of Sulfonyl Urea Derivatives as Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (sEH) Inhibitors. Molecules 2024; 29:3036. [PMID: 38998987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) can reduce the level of dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) effectively maintaining endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) levels, resulting in the amelioration of inflammation and pain. Consequently, the development of sEH inhibitors has been a prominent research area for over two decades. In the present study, we synthesized and evaluated sulfonyl urea derivatives for their potential to inhibit sEH. These compounds underwent extensive in vitro investigation, revealing their potency against human and mouse sEH, with 4f showing the most promising sEH inhibitory potential. When subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in studies in mice, compound 4f manifested promising anti-inflammatory efficacy. We investigated the analgesic efficacy of sEH inhibitor 4f in a murine pain model of tail-flick reflex. These results validate the role of sEH inhibition in inflammatory diseases and pave the way for the rational design and optimization of sEH inhibitors based on a sulfonyl urea template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Kundu
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Szabolcs Dvorácskó
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
- Section on Fibrotic Disorders, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Abhishek Basu
- Section on Fibrotic Disorders, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Lenny Pommerolle
- Section on Fibrotic Disorders, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Kyu Ah Kim
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Casey M Wood
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Eve Gibbs
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Madeline Behee
- Section on Fibrotic Disorders, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Nadya I Tarasova
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Section on Fibrotic Disorders, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Malliga R Iyer
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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2
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Gao P, Cao Y, Ma L. Regulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase in renal-associated diseases: insights from potential mechanisms to clinical researches. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1304547. [PMID: 38425758 PMCID: PMC10902052 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1304547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous experimental studies have underscored the pivotal role of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in renal diseases, demonstrating the reno-protective effects of sEH inhibitors. The nexus between sEH and renal-associated diseases has garnered escalating attention. This review endeavors to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of sEH in renal diseases and emphasize the critical role of sEH inhibitors as a prospective treatment modality. Initially, we expound upon the correlation between sEH and Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and also addressing the impact of sEH on other epoxy fatty acids, delineate prevalent EPHX2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with renal diseases, and delve into sEH-mediated potential mechanisms, encompassing oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stress, and autophagy. Subsequently, we delineate clinical research pertaining to sEH inhibition or co-inhibition of sEH with other inhibitors for the regulation of renal-associated diseases, covering conditions such as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney diseases, diabetic nephropathy, and hypertension-induced renal injury. Our objective is to validate the potential role of sEH inhibitors in the treatment of renal injuries. We contend that a comprehensive comprehension of the salient attributes of sEH, coupled with insights from clinical experiments, provides invaluable guidance for clinicians and presents promising therapeutic avenues for patients suffering from renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongtong Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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3
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Naeem Z, Zukunft S, Huard A, Hu J, Hammock BD, Weigert A, Frömel T, Fleming I. Role of the soluble epoxide hydrolase in keratinocyte proliferation and sensitivity of skin to inflammatory stimuli. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116127. [PMID: 38198951 PMCID: PMC10857809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The lipid content of skin plays a determinant role in its barrier function with a particularly important role attributed to linoleic acid and its derivatives. Here we explored the consequences of interfering with the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) on skin homeostasis. sEH; which converts fatty acid epoxides generated by cytochrome P450 enzymes to their corresponding diols, was largely restricted to the epidermis which was enriched in sEH-generated diols. Global deletion of the sEH increased levels of epoxides, including the linoleic acid-derived epoxide; 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (12,13-EpOME), and increased basal keratinocyte proliferation. sEH deletion (sEH-/- mice) resulted in thicker differentiated spinous and corneocyte layers compared to wild-type mice, a hyperkeratosis phenotype that was reproduced in wild-type mice treated with a sEH inhibitor. sEH deletion made the skin sensitive to inflammation and sEH-/- mice developed thicker imiquimod-induced psoriasis plaques than the control group and were more prone to inflammation triggered by mechanical stress with pronounced infiltration and activation of neutrophils as well as vascular leak and increased 12,13-EpOME and leukotriene (LT) B4 levels. Topical treatment of LTB4 antagonist after stripping successfully inhibited inflammation and neutrophil infiltration both in wild type and sEH-/- skin. While 12,13-EpoME had no effect on the trans-endothelial migration of neutrophils, like LTB4, it effectively induced neutrophil adhesion and activation. These observations indicate that while the increased accumulation of neutrophils in sEH-deficient skin could be attributed to the increase in LTB4 levels, both 12,13-EpOME and LTB4 contribute to neutrophil activation. Our observations identify a protective role of the sEH in the skin and should be taken into account when designing future clinical trials with sEH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zumer Naeem
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Zukunft
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Arnaud Huard
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Embryology and Histology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Timo Frömel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; CardioPulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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4
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Yamaguchi T, Shibata K, Hasumi K, Nobe K. Potent Efficacy of 3-Amino-4-hydroxy Benzoic Acid, a Small Molecule Having Anti-fibrotic Activity, in a Mouse Model of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:434-442. [PMID: 38369342 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is on the rise due to the increasing obese population and changing lifestyles, causes fibrosis over time and carries the risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there are no approved effective treatments for NASH. Recent studies suggest that increased lipid metabolism and reduced nitric oxide content are responsible for NASH; 3-amino-4-hydroxy benzoic acid (AHBA) was identified as an inhibitor for the phosphatase activity of soluble epoxy hydrolase, which in turn inhibits lipid metabolism and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of AHBA in a mouse model of NASH. NASH was induced in mice by streptozotocin administration and a high-fat diet loading. The efficacy of AHBA was determined by measuring liver function using serum and liver samples and conducting a morphological assessment. AHBA considerably attenuated the increase in the liver weight and alkaline phosphatase content, which occurred due to the progression of NASH. Hepatocellular steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hepatocellular ballooning of hepatocytes remained unaltered. In contrast, AHBA treatment significantly ameliorated the fibrotic alterations within liver tissue that were induced by the onset of NASH. These results demonstrate the potential of AHBA as a therapeutic pharmaceutical compound that can treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University Graduate School of Pharmacy
- Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University
| | - Keita Shibata
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University Graduate School of Pharmacy
- Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Koji Nobe
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University Graduate School of Pharmacy
- Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University
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5
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Peyman M, Barroso E, Turcu AL, Estrany F, Smith D, Jurado-Aguilar J, Rada P, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Valverde ÁM, Palomer X, Galdeano C, Vázquez S, Vázquez-Carrera M. Soluble epoxide hydrolase-targeting PROTAC activates AMPK and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115667. [PMID: 37826940 PMCID: PMC10786198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a drug target with the potential for therapeutic utility in the areas of inflammation, neurodegenerative disease, chronic pain, and diabetes, among others. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) molecules offer new opportunities for targeting sEH, due to its capacity to induce its degradation. Here, we describe that the new ALT-PG2, a PROTAC that degrades sEH protein in the human hepatic Huh-7 cell line, in isolated mouse primary hepatocytes, and in the liver of mice. Remarkably, sEH degradation caused by ALT-PG2 was accompanied by an increase in the phosphorylated levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), while phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was reduced. Consistent with the key role of these kinases on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ALT-PG2 attenuated the levels of ER stress and inflammatory markers. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that targeting sEH with degraders is a promising pharmacological strategy to promote AMPK activation and to reduce ER stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Peyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Andreea L Turcu
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Estrany
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Dáire Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Javier Jurado-Aguilar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Patricia Rada
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carles Galdeano
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
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6
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Bose S, Lotz SD, Deb I, Shuck M, Lee KSS, Dickson A. How Robust Is the Ligand Binding Transition State? J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25318-25331. [PMID: 37943667 PMCID: PMC11059145 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
For many drug targets, it has been shown that the kinetics of drug binding (e.g., on rate and off rate) is more predictive of drug efficacy than thermodynamic quantities alone. This motivates the development of predictive computational models that can be used to optimize compounds on the basis of their kinetics. The structural details underpinning these computational models are found not only in the bound state but also in the short-lived ligand binding transition states. Although transition states cannot be directly observed experimentally due to their extremely short lifetimes, recent successes have demonstrated that modeling the ligand binding transition state is possible with the help of enhanced sampling molecular dynamics methods. Previously, we generated unbinding paths for an inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) with a residence time of 11 min. Here, we computationally modeled unbinding events with the weighted ensemble method REVO (resampling of ensembles by variation optimization) for five additional inhibitors of sEH with residence times ranging from 14.25 to 31.75 min, with average prediction accuracy within an order of magnitude. The unbinding ensembles are analyzed in detail, focusing on features of the ligand binding transition state ensembles (TSEs). We find that ligands with similar bound poses can show significant differences in their ligand binding TSEs, in terms of their spatial distribution and protein-ligand interactions. However, we also find similarities across the TSEs when examining more general features such as ligand degrees of freedom. Together these findings show significant challenges for rational, kinetics-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Bose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Samuel D Lotz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Indrajit Deb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Megan Shuck
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Institute of Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Alex Dickson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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7
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Forero N, Liu C, Sabbah SG, Loewen MC, Yang TC. Assay Development for Metal-Dependent Enzymes-Influence of Reaction Buffers on Activities and Kinetic Characteristics. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:40119-40127. [PMID: 37929113 PMCID: PMC10620931 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Buffers are often thought of as innocuous components of a reaction, with the sole task of maintaining the pH of a system. However, studies had shown that this is not always the case. Common buffers used in biochemical research, such as Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris-HCl), can chelate metal ions and may thus affect the activity of metalloenzymes, which are enzymes that require metal ions for enhanced catalysis. To determine whether enzyme activity is influenced by buffer identity, the activity of three enzymes (BLC23O, Ro1,2-CTD, and trypsin) was comparatively characterized in N-2- hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), Tris-HCl, and sodium phosphate buffer. The pH and temperature optima of BLC23O, a Mn2+-dependent dioxygenase, were first identified, and then the metal ion dissociation constant (Kd) was determined in the three buffer systems. It was observed that BLC23O exhibited different Kd values depending on the buffer, with the lowest (1.49 ± 0.05 μM) recorded in HEPES under the optimal set of conditions (pH 7.6 and 32.5 °C). Likewise, the kinetic parameters obtained varied depending on the buffer, with HEPES (pH 7.6) yielding overall the greatest catalytic efficiency and turnover number (kcat = 0.45 ± 0.01 s-1; kcat/Km = 0.84 ± 0.02 mM-1 s-1). To corroborate findings, the characterization of Fe3+-dependent Ro1,2-CTD was performed, resulting in different kinetic constants depending on the buffer (Km (HEPES, Tris-HCl, and Na-phosphate) = 1.80, 6.93, and 3.64 μM; kcat(HEPES, Tris-HCl, and Na-phosphate) = 0.64, 1.14, and 1.01 s-1; kcat/Km(HEPES, Tris-HCl, and Na-phosphate)= 0.36, 0.17, and 0.28 μM-1 s-1). In order to determine whether buffer identity influenced the enzymatic activity of nonmetalloenzymes alike, the characterization of trypsin was also carried out. Contrary to the previous results, trypsin yielded comparable kinetic parameters independent of the buffer (Km (HEPES, Tris-HCl, and Na-Phosphate) = 3.14, 3.07, and 2.91 mM; kcat(HEPES, Tris-HCl, and Na-phosphate) = 1.51, 1.47, and 1.53 s-1; kcat/Km (HEPES, Tris-HCl, and Na-phosphate) = 0.48, 0.48, and 0.52 mM-1 s-1). These results showed that the activity of tested metalloenzymes was impacted by different buffers. While selected buffers did not influence the tested nonmetalloenzyme activity, other research had shown impacts of buffers on other enzyme activities. As a result, we suggest that buffer selection be optimized for any new enzymes such that the results from one lab to another can be accurately compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Forero
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Chengsong Liu
- Aquatic
and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada
| | | | - Michele C. Loewen
- Aquatic
and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Trent Chunzhong Yang
- Aquatic
and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada
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8
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Wang Y, Morisseau C, Takamura A, Wan D, Li D, Sidoli S, Yang J, Wolan DW, Hammock BD, Kitamura S. PROTAC-Mediated Selective Degradation of Cytosolic Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Enhances ER Stress Reduction. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:884-896. [PMID: 36947831 PMCID: PMC10586715 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a bifunctional enzyme responsible for lipid metabolism and is a promising drug target. Here, we report the first-in-class PROTAC small-molecule degraders of sEH. Our optimized PROTAC selectively targets the degradation of cytosolic but not peroxisomal sEH, resulting in exquisite spatiotemporal control. Remarkably, our sEH PROTAC molecule has higher potency in cellular assays compared to the parent sEH inhibitor as measured by the significantly reduced ER stress. Interestingly, our mechanistic data indicate that our PROTAC directs the degradation of cytosolic sEH via the lysosome, not through the proteasome. The molecules presented here are useful chemical probes to study the biology of sEH with the potential for therapeutic development. Broadly, our results represent a proof of concept for the superior cellular potency of sEH degradation over sEH enzymatic inhibition, as well as subcellular compartment-selective modulation of a protein by PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Akihiro Takamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Dongyang Li
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Dennis W. Wolan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Seiya Kitamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
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9
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Lipid mediators generated by the cytochrome P450—Epoxide hydrolase pathway. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:327-373. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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10
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Chen X, Chen Y, Xie S, Wang X, Wu Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Jia J, Wang B, Li W, Tang J, Xiao X. The mechanism of Renshen-Fuzi herb pair for treating heart failure-Integrating a cardiovascular pharmacological assessment with serum metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:995796. [PMID: 36545315 PMCID: PMC9760753 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.995796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renshen-Fuzi herb pair (RS-FZ) is often used in the clinical treatment of heart failure (HF) and has a remarkable therapeutic effect. However, the mechanism of RS-FZ for treating HF remains unclear. In our study, we explored the mechanism of RS-FZ for treating HF. Methods: Evaluation of RS-FZ efficacy by cardiovascular pharmacology. Moreover, Global metabolomics profiling of the serum was detected by UPLC-QTOF/MS. Multivariate statistics analyzed the specific serum metabolites and corresponding metabolic pathways. Combining serum metabolomics with network pharmacology, animal experiments screened and validated the critical targets of RS-FZ intervention in HF. Results: RS-FZ significantly ameliorated myocardial fibrosis, enhanced cardiac function, and reduced the serum HF marker (brain natriuretic peptide) level in rats with HF. Through topological analysis of the "Metabolite-Target-Component" interaction network, we found that 79 compounds of RS-FZ directly regulated the downstream specific serum metabolites by acting on four critical target proteins (CYP2D6, EPHX2, MAOB, and ENPP2). The immunohistochemistry results showed that RS-FZ observably improved the expression of CYP2D6 and ENPP2 proteins while decreasing the expression of EPHX2 and MAOB proteins dramatically. Conclusion: The integrated cardiovascular pharmacological assessment with serum metabolomics revealed that RS-FZ plays a crucial role in the treatment of HF by intervening in CYP2D6, EPHX2, MAOB, and ENPP2 target proteins. It provides a theoretical basis for RS-FZ for treating HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- College of Medicine, Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Clinical Application, Evaluation and Transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- College of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiyang Xie
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Clinical Application, Evaluation and Transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Clinical Application, Evaluation and Transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yali Wu
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Clinical Application, Evaluation and Transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Clinical Application, Evaluation and Transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Clinical Application, Evaluation and Transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinhao Jia
- College of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weixia Li
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Clinical Application, Evaluation and Transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weixia Li, ; Jinfa Tang, ; Xiaohe Xiao,
| | - Jinfa Tang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Clinical Application, Evaluation and Transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weixia Li, ; Jinfa Tang, ; Xiaohe Xiao,
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Weixia Li, ; Jinfa Tang, ; Xiaohe Xiao,
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11
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Davis CM, Zhang WH, Bah TM, Roese NE, Allen EM, Leung P, Boutros SJ, Marzulla T, Patel E, Nie X, Alkayed FN, Huang JH, Jensen MA, Raber J, Pike MM, Alkayed NJ. Age-dependent cognitive impairment, hydrocephalus and leukocyte infiltration in transgenic mice with endothelial expression of human EPHX2. NPJ AGING 2022; 8:9. [PMID: 35927273 PMCID: PMC9256583 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-022-00090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is upregulated in microvascular endothelium of human brain with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Transgenic endothelial expression of human sEH in mice (Tie2hsEH) induces endothelial dysfunction (ED), a pathogenetic mechanism of VCI. We sought to determine if endothelial upregulation of sEH is sufficient to cause cognitive impairment, and if cognitive impairment due to chronic hypoperfusion induced by unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO) is exacerbated in Tie2hsEH mice. Behavioral performance was assessed by the open field, rotarod, novel object, Morris water maze and fear conditioning tests. Cerebral blood flow and brain morphology were evaluated by MRI, and inflammatory changes investigated using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. We demonstrate that transgenic endothelial expression of sEH is sufficient to induce cognitive impairment, associated with leukocyte infiltration, brain atrophy and accelerated, age-dependent ventriculomegaly, identifying ED and sEH upregulation as potential underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets for VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Wenri H Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Thierno M Bah
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Natalie E Roese
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elyse M Allen
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Philberta Leung
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sydney J Boutros
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Tessa Marzulla
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Esha Patel
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Xiao Nie
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Farah N Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Justin H Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Michael A Jensen
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Martin M Pike
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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12
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Charles R, Eaton P. Redox Regulation of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase-Implications for Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121932. [PMID: 35741062 PMCID: PMC9221603 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell responses to changes in their redox state are significantly mediated by reversible oxido-reductive post-translational modifications of proteins, potentially altering their activities or interactions. These modifications are important for the homeostatic responses of cells to environmental changes that alter their redox state. Such redox regulatory mechanisms not only operate to maintain health, but can become dysregulated and contribute to pathophysiology. In this review, we focus on the redox control of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which is widely expressed, including in blood vessels and cardiomyocytes. We review the different types of oxidative modifications that regulate sEH and how they may alter cardiovascular physiology and affect disease progression during stress.
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13
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Naeem Z, Zukunft S, Günther S, Liebner S, Weigert A, Hammock BD, Frömel T, Fleming I. Role of the soluble epoxide hydrolase in the hair follicle stem cell homeostasis and hair growth. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:1021-1035. [PMID: 35648219 PMCID: PMC9393123 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are used as traditional remedies to treat hair loss, but the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects are not well understood. Here, we explored the role of PUFA metabolites generated by the cytochrome P450/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) pathway in the regulation of the hair follicle cycle. Histological analysis of the skin from wild-type and sEH−/− mice revealed that sEH deletion delayed telogen to anagen transition, and the associated activation of hair follicle stem cells. Interestingly, EdU labeling during the late anagen stage revealed that hair matrix cells from sEH−/− mice proliferated at a greater rate which translated into increased hair growth. Similar effects were observed in in vitro studies using hair follicle explants, where a sEH inhibitor was also able to augment whisker growth in follicles from wild-type mice. sEH activity in the dorsal skin was not constant but altered with the cell cycle, having the most prominent effects on levels of the linoleic acid derivatives 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (12,13-EpOME), and 12,13-dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid (12,13-DiHOME). Fitting with this, the sEH substrate 12,13-EpOME significantly increased hair shaft growth in isolated anagen stage hair follicles, while its diol; 12,13-DiHOME, had no effect. RNA sequencing of isolated hair matrix cells implicated altered Wnt signaling in the changes associated with sEH deletion. Taken together, our data indicate that the activity of the sEH in hair follicle changes during the hair follicle cycle and impacts on two stem cell populations, i.e., hair follicle stem cells and matrix cells to affect telogen to anagen transition and hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zumer Naeem
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Zukunft
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan Günther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebner
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Timo Frömel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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14
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Iyer MR, Kundu B, Wood CM. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors: an overview and patent review from the last decade. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:629-647. [PMID: 35410559 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2054329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biological effects mediated by the CYP450 arm of arachidonate cascade implicate the enzyme-soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in hydrolyzing anti-inflammatory epoxy fatty acids to pro-inflammatory diols. Hence, inhibiting the sEH offers a therapeutic approach to treating inflammatory diseases. Over three decades of work has shown the role of sEH inhibitors (sEHis) in treating various disorders in rodents and larger veterinary subjects. Novel chemical strategies to enhance the efficacy of sEHi have now appeared. AREAS COVERED A comprehensive review of patent literature related to soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in the last decade (2010-2021) is provided. EXPERT OPINION Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an important enzyme that metabolizes the bioactive epoxy fatty acids (EFAs) in the arachidonic acid signaling pathway and converts them to vicinal diols, which appear to be pro-inflammatory. Inhibition of sEH hence offers a mechanism to increase in vivo epoxyeicosanoid levels and resolve pro-inflammatory pathways in disease states. Significant efforts in the field have led to potent single target as well as multi-target inhibitors with promising in vitro and widely encompassing in vivo activities. Successful clinical translation of compounds targeting sEH inhibition will further validate the promised therapeutic potential of this pathway in treating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malliga R Iyer
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Biswajit Kundu
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Casey M Wood
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
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15
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Leuillier M, Duflot T, Ménoret S, Messaoudi H, Djerada Z, Groussard D, Denis RG, Chevalier L, Karoui A, Panthu B, Thiébaut PA, Schmitz-Afonso I, Nobis S, Campart C, Henry T, Sautreuil C, Luquet SH, Beseme O, Féliu C, Peyret H, Nicol L, Henry JP, Renet S, Mulder P, Wan D, Tesson L, Heslan JM, Duché A, Jacques S, Ziegler F, Brunel V, Rautureau GJ, Monteil C, do Rego JL, do Rego JC, Afonso C, Hammock B, Madec AM, Pinet F, Richard V, Anegon I, Guignabert C, Morisseau C, Bellien J. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated inactivation of the phosphatase activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase prevents obesity and cardiac ischemic injury. J Adv Res 2022; 43:163-174. [PMID: 36585106 PMCID: PMC9811321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the physiological role of the C-terminal hydrolase domain of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH-H) is well investigated, the function of its N-terminal phosphatase activity (sEH-P) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess in vivo the physiological role of sEH-P. METHODS CRISPR/Cas9 was used to generate a novel knock-in (KI) rat line lacking the sEH-P activity. RESULTS The sEH-P KI rats has a decreased metabolism of lysophosphatidic acids to monoacyglycerols. KI rats grew almost normally but with less weight and fat mass gain while insulin sensitivity was increased compared to wild-type rats. This lean phenotype was more marked in males than in female KI rats and mainly due to decreased food consumption and enhanced energy expenditure. In fact, sEH-P KI rats had an increased lipolysis allowing to supply fatty acids as fuel to potentiate brown adipose thermogenesis under resting condition and upon cold exposure. The potentiation of thermogenesis was abolished when blocking PPARγ, a nuclear receptor activated by intracellular lysophosphatidic acids, but also when inhibiting simultaneously sEH-H, showing a functional interaction between the two domains. Furthermore, sEH-P KI rats fed a high-fat diet did not gain as much weight as the wild-type rats, did not have increased fat mass and did not develop insulin resistance or hepatic steatosis. In addition, sEH-P KI rats exhibited enhanced basal cardiac mitochondrial activity associated with an enhanced left ventricular contractility and were protected against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that sEH-P is a key player in energy and fat metabolism and contributes together with sEH-H to the regulation of cardiometabolic homeostasis. The development of pharmacological inhibitors of sEH-P appears of crucial importance to evaluate the interest of this promising therapeutic strategy in the management of obesity and cardiac ischemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Leuillier
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm UMR1096 EnVI, FHU REMOD-VHF, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Duflot
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm UMR1096 EnVI, FHU REMOD-VHF, F-76000 Rouen, France,Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, F-76000 Rouen, France,Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Pharmacogenetics, Rouen University Hospital, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Séverine Ménoret
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, F-44000 Nantes, France,Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France,Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic Platform, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Hind Messaoudi
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm UMR1096 EnVI, FHU REMOD-VHF, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Zoubir Djerada
- Department of Pharmacology, EA 3801, SFR CAP-santé, Reims University Hospital, F-51095 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Déborah Groussard
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm UMR1096 EnVI, FHU REMOD-VHF, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Raphaël G.P. Denis
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Centre National la Recherche scientifique, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Chevalier
- Normandie University, Unirouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux-UMR6634, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Ahmed Karoui
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Baptiste Panthu
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | | | - Isabelle Schmitz-Afonso
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, Cedex, France
| | - Séverine Nobis
- Animal Behavioral Platform (SCAC), HeRacLeS Inserm US51-CNRS UAR2026, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, F-76183 Rouen, France
| | - Cynthia Campart
- Animal Behavioral Platform (SCAC), HeRacLeS Inserm US51-CNRS UAR2026, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, F-76183 Rouen, France
| | - Tiphaine Henry
- Animal Behavioral Platform (SCAC), HeRacLeS Inserm US51-CNRS UAR2026, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, F-76183 Rouen, France
| | - Camille Sautreuil
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F-76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Serge H. Luquet
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Centre National la Recherche scientifique, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivia Beseme
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Catherine Féliu
- Department of Pharmacology, EA 3801, SFR CAP-santé, Reims University Hospital, F-51095 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Peyret
- Department of Pharmacology, EA 3801, SFR CAP-santé, Reims University Hospital, F-51095 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Lionel Nicol
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm UMR1096 EnVI, FHU REMOD-VHF, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Paul Henry
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm UMR1096 EnVI, FHU REMOD-VHF, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sylvanie Renet
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm UMR1096 EnVI, FHU REMOD-VHF, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Paul Mulder
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm UMR1096 EnVI, FHU REMOD-VHF, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Laurent Tesson
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, F-44000 Nantes, France,Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France,Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic Platform, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Heslan
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, F-44000 Nantes, France,Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France,GenoCellEdit Platform, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Angéline Duché
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM - UMR8104, CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, Genom'IC Platform, Bâtiment Gustave Roussy, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Jacques
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM - UMR8104, CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, Genom'IC Platform, Bâtiment Gustave Roussy, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Ziegler
- Department of General Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Valéry Brunel
- Department of General Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Gilles J.P. Rautureau
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très hauts Champs (FRE 2034, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Université de Lyon, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc do Rego
- Animal Behavioral Platform (SCAC), HeRacLeS Inserm US51-CNRS UAR2026, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, F-76183 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude do Rego
- Animal Behavioral Platform (SCAC), HeRacLeS Inserm US51-CNRS UAR2026, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, F-76183 Rouen, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, Cedex, France
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Madec
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Florence Pinet
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM - UMR8104, CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, Genom'IC Platform, Bâtiment Gustave Roussy, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm UMR1096 EnVI, FHU REMOD-VHF, F-76000 Rouen, France,Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, F-44000 Nantes, France,Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France,Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic Platform, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, F-92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jérémy Bellien
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm UMR1096 EnVI, FHU REMOD-VHF, F-76000 Rouen, France; Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, F-76000 Rouen, France.
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16
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Singh N, Vik A, Lybrand DB, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. New Alkoxy- Analogues of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids Attenuate Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity In Vitro via Reduction of Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling, and Caspase Activation. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2579-2591. [PMID: 34817988 PMCID: PMC8853703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The usage of cisplatin, a highly potent chemotherapeutic, is limited by its severe nephrotoxicity. Arachidonic acid (ARA)-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors were shown to ameliorate this dose-limiting side effect, but both approaches have some pharmacological limitations. Analogues of EETs are an alternative avenue with unique benefits, but the current series of analogues face concerns regarding their structure and mimetic functionality. Hence, in this study, regioisomeric mixtures of four new ARA alkyl ethers were synthesized, characterized, and assessed as EET analogues against the concentration- and time-dependent toxicities of cisplatin in porcine proximal tubular epithelial cells. All four ether groups displayed bioisostere activity, ranging from marginal for methoxy- (1), good for n-propoxy- (4), and excellent for ethoxy- (2) and i-propoxy- (3). Compounds 2 and 3 displayed cytoprotective effects comparable to that of an EET regioisomeric mixture (5) against high, acute cisplatin exposures but were more potent against low to moderate, chronic exposures. Compounds 2 and 3 (and 5) acted through stabilization of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and attenuation of reactive oxygen species, leading to reduced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and JNK and decreased activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. This study demonstrates that alkoxy- groups are potent and more metabolically stable bioisostere alternatives to the epoxide within EETs that enable sEH-independent activity. It also illustrates the potential of ether-based mimics of EETs and other epoxy fatty acids as promising nephroprotective agents to tackle the clinically relevant side effect of cisplatin without compromising its antineoplastic function.
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MESH Headings
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/analogs & derivatives
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/chemical synthesis
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/chemistry
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Caspase 9/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cisplatin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cisplatin/toxicity
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Humans
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Molecular Structure
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Swine
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalin Singh
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Anders Vik
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel B. Lybrand
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
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17
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Burmistrov VV, Karlov DS, Butov GM, Novakov IA. Prospects for the inhibition of the phosphatase domain of human soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH-P). Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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Fang Y, Johnson H, Anderl JL, Muchamuel T, McMinn D, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Kirk C, Wang J. Role of epoxide hydrolases and cytochrome P450s on metabolism of KZR-616, a first-in-class selective inhibitor of the immunoproteasome. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:810-821. [PMID: 34234005 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
KZR-616 is an irreversible tripeptide epoxyketone-based selective inhibitor of the human immunoproteasome. Inhibition of the immunoproteasome results in anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and, based on promising therapeutic activity in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), KZR-616 is being developed for potential treatment of multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The presence of a ketoepoxide pharmacophore presents unique challenges in the study of drug metabolism during lead optimization and clinical candidate profiling. This study presents a thorough and systematic in vitro and cell-based enzymatic metabolism and kinetic investigation to identify the major enzymes involved in the metabolism and elimination of KZR-616. Upon exposure to liver microsomes in the absence of NADPH, KZR-616 and its analogs were converted to their inactive diol derivatives with varying degrees of stability. Diol formation was also shown to be the major metabolite in pharmacokinetic studies in monkeys and correlated with in vitro stability results for individual compounds. Further study in intact hepatocytes and a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line revealed that KZR-616 metabolism was sensitive to an inhibitor of microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) but not inhibitors of cytochrome P450 (CYP) or soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Primary human hepatocytes were determined to be the most robust source of mEH activity for study in vitro These findings also suggest that the exposure of KZR-616 in vivo is unlikely to be affected by co-administration of inhibitors or inducers of CYP and sEH. Significance Statement This work presents a thorough and systematic investigation of metabolism and kinetic of KZR-616 and other peptide epoxyketones in in vitro and cell-based enzymatic systems. Gained information could be useful in assessing novel covalent proteasome inhibitors during lead compound optimization. The study also demonstrates a robust source of in vitro metabolism identification that correlated very well with in vivo PK metabolism for peptide epoxyketones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology, University of California - Davis, United States
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19
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Roychoudhury K, Hegde RS. The Eyes Absent Proteins: Unusual HAD Family Tyrosine Phosphatases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083925. [PMID: 33920226 PMCID: PMC8069645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we review the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) class of protein phosphatases, with a particular emphasis on an unusual group of enzymes, the eyes absent (EYA) family. EYA proteins have the unique distinction of being structurally and mechanistically classified as HAD enzymes, yet, unlike other HAD phosphatases, they are protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Further, the EYA proteins are unique among the 107 classical PTPs in the human genome because they do not use a Cysteine residue as a nucleophile in the dephosphorylation reaction. We will provide an overview of HAD phosphatase structure-function, describe unique features of the EYA family and their tyrosine phosphatase activity, provide a brief summary of the known substrates and cellular functions of the EYA proteins, and speculate about the evolutionary origins of the EYA family of proteins.
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20
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Hou Y, Hu J, Zhou L, Liu L, Chen K, Yang X. Integrative Analysis of Methylation and Copy Number Variations of Prostate Adenocarcinoma Based on Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:647253. [PMID: 33869043 PMCID: PMC8047072 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.647253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is the most pervasive carcinoma diagnosed in men with over 170,000 new cases every year in the United States and is the second leading cause of death from cancer in men despite its indolent clinical course. Prostate-specific antigen testing, which is the most commonly used non-invasive diagnostic method for PRAD, has improved early detection rates in the past decade, but its effectiveness for monitoring disease progression and predicting prognosis is controversial. To identify novel biomarkers for these purposes, we carried out weighted gene co-expression network analysis of the top 10,000 variant genes in PRAD from The Cancer Genome Atlas in order to identify gene modules associated with clinical outcomes. Methylation and copy number variation analysis were performed to screen aberrantly expressed genes, and the Kaplan–Meier survival and gene set enrichment analyses were conducted to evaluate the prognostic value and potential mechanisms of the identified genes. Cyclin E2 (CCNE2), rhophilin Rho GTPase-binding protein (RHPN1), enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), tonsoku-like DNA repair protein (TONSL), epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2), fibromodulin (FMOD), and solute carrier family 7 member (SLC7A4) were identified as potential prognostic indicators and possible therapeutic targets as well. These findings can improve diagnosis and disease monitoring to achieve better clinical outcomes in PRAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Hou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junyi Hu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijie Zhou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lilong Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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21
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In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors from the Roots of Lycopus lucidus. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020356. [PMID: 33668538 PMCID: PMC7917821 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an enzyme that is considered a potential therapeutic target in human cardiovascular disease. Triterpenes (1–4) and phenylpropanoids (5–10) were isolated from Lycopus lucidus to obtain sEH inhibitors through various chromatographic purificationtechniques. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against sEH, and methyl rosmarinate (7), martynoside (8), dimethyl lithospermate (9) and 9″ methyl lithospermate (10) showed remarkable inhibitory activity, with the IC50 values ranging from 10.6 ± 3.2 to 35.7 ± 2.1 µM. Kinetic analysis of these compounds revealed that 7, 9 and 10 were competitive inhibitors bound to the active site, and 8 was the preferred mixed type inhibitor for allosteric sites. Additionally, molecular modeling has identified interacting catalytic residues and bindings between sEH and inhibitors. The results suggest that these compounds are potential candidates that can be used for further development in the prevention and treatment for cardiovascular risk.
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22
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Nowak A, Haddad G, Kistler AD, Nlandu-Khodo S, Beuschlein F, Wüthrich RP, Lorenzen JM, Kölling M. Circular RNA-based biomarkers in blood of patients with Fabry disease and related phenotypes. J Med Genet 2021; 59:279-286. [PMID: 33547137 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fabry disease is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the galactosidase α gene. Deficient activity of α-galactosidase A leads to glycosphingolipid accumulations in multiple organs. Circular RNAs represent strong regulators of gene expression. Their circular structure ensures high stability in blood. We hypothesised that blood-based circular RNA profiles improve phenotypic assignment and therapeutic monitoring of Fabry disease. METHODS A genome-wide circular RNA expression analysis was performed in blood of genetically diagnosed patients with Fabry disease (n=58), age-matched and sex-matched healthy volunteers (n=14) and disease control patients with acute kidney injury (n=109). Most highly dysregulated circular RNAs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Circular RNA biomarker sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and area under the curve (AUC) were determined. Linear regression analyses were conducted for validated circular RNA biomarkers and clinical patient characteristics. RESULTS A distinct circular RNA transcriptome signature identified patients with Fabry disease. Level of circular RNAs hsa_circ_0006853 (AUC=0.73), hsa_circ_0083766 (AUC=0.8) and hsa_circ_0002397 (AUC=0.8) distinguished patients with Fabry disease from both healthy controls and patients with acute kidney injury. Hsa_circ_0002397 was, furthermore, female-specifically expressed. Circular RNA level were significantly related to galactosidase α gene mutations, early symptoms, phenotypes, disease severities, specific therapies and long-term complications of Fabry disease. CONCLUSION The discovery of circular RNA-based and Fabry disease-specific biomarkers may advance future diagnosis of Fabry disease and help to distinguish related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Nowak
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - George Haddad
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas D Kistler
- Department of Medicine, Frauenfeld Cantonal Hospital, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | | | - Felix Beuschlein
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf P Wüthrich
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johan M Lorenzen
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malte Kölling
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Sun CP, Zhang XY, Morisseau C, Hwang SH, Zhang ZJ, Hammock BD, Ma XC. Discovery of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors from Chemical Synthesis and Natural Products. J Med Chem 2020; 64:184-215. [PMID: 33369424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an α/β hydrolase fold protein and widely distributed in numerous organs including the liver, kidney, and brain. The inhibition of sEH can effectively maintain endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) levels and reduce dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) levels, resulting in therapeutic potentials for cardiovascular, central nervous system, and metabolic diseases. Therefore, since the beginning of this century, the development of sEH inhibitors is a hot research topic. A variety of potent sEH inhibitors have been developed by chemical synthesis or isolated from natural sources. In this review, we mainly summarized the interconnected aspects of sEH with cardiovascular, central nervous system, and metabolic diseases and then focus on representative inhibitors, which would provide some useful guidance for the future development of potential sEH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Peng Sun
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Zhan-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
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24
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Strielkov I, Krause NC, Knoepp F, Alebrahimdehkordi N, Pak O, Garcia C, Ghofrani HA, Schermuly RT, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Sommer N, Weissmann N. Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase-derived 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid relaxes pulmonary arteries in normoxia but promotes sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction in hypoxia. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 230:e13521. [PMID: 32506676 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to investigate the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) in sustained hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). METHODS Vasomotor responses of isolated mouse intrapulmonary arteries (IPAs) were assessed using wire myography. Key findings were verified by haemodynamic measurements in isolated perfused and ventilated mouse lungs. RESULTS Pharmacological inhibition of EET synthesis with MS-PPOH, application of the EET antagonist 14,15-EEZE or deficiency of CYP2J isoforms suppressed sustained HPV. In contrast, knockdown of EET-degrading soluble epoxide hydrolase or its inhibition with TPPU augmented sustained HPV almost twofold. All EET regioisomers elicited relaxation in IPAs pre-contracted with thromboxane mimetic U46619. However, in the presence of KCl-induced depolarization, 5,6-EET caused biphasic contraction in IPAs and elevation of pulmonary vascular tone in isolated lungs, whereas other regioisomers had no effect. In patch-clamp experiments, hypoxia elicited depolarization in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and 5,6-EET evoked inward whole cell currents in PASMCs depolarized to the hypoxic level, but not at their resting membrane potential. CONCLUSIONS The EET pathway substantially contributes to sustained HPV in mouse pulmonary arteries. 5,6-EET specifically appears to be involved in HPV, as it is the only EET regioisomer able to elicit not only relaxation, but also sustained contraction in these vessels. 5,6-EET-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction is enabled by PASMC depolarization, which occurs in hypoxia. The discovery of the dual role of 5,6-EET in the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone may provide a basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of HPV-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgen Strielkov
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen Germany
| | - Nicole C. Krause
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen Germany
| | - Fenja Knoepp
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen Germany
| | - Nasim Alebrahimdehkordi
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen Germany
| | - Oleg Pak
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen Germany
| | - Claudia Garcia
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen Germany
| | - Hossein A. Ghofrani
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen Germany
| | - Ralph T. Schermuly
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen Germany
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen Germany
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25
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Stojanovski G, Dobrijevic D, Hailes HC, Ward JM. Identification and catalytic properties of new epoxide hydrolases from the genomic data of soil bacteria. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 139:109592. [PMID: 32732040 PMCID: PMC7429986 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epoxide hydrolases (EHs) catalyse the conversion of epoxides into vicinal diols. These enzymes have extensive value in biocatalysis as they can generate enantiopure epoxides and diols which are important and versatile synthetic intermediates for the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Despite these benefits, they have seen limited use in the bioindustry and novel EHs continue to be reported in the literature. We identified twenty-nine putative EHs within the genomes of soil bacteria. Eight of these EHs were explored in terms of their activity. Two limonene epoxide hydrolases (LEHs) and one ⍺/β EH were active on a model compound styrene oxide and its ring-substituted derivatives, with low to good percentage conversions of 18-86%. Further exploration of the substrate scope with enantiopure (R)-styrene oxide and (S)-styrene oxide, showed different epoxide ring opening regioselectivities. Two enzymes, expressed from plasmids pQR1984 and pQR1990 de-symmetrised the meso-epoxide cyclohexene oxide, forming the (R,R)-diol with high enantioselectivity. Two LEHs, from plasmids pQR1980 and pQR1982 catalysed the hydrolysis of (+) and (-) limonene oxide, with diastereomeric preference for the (1S,2S,4R)- and (1R,2R,4S)-diol products, respectively. The enzyme from plasmid pQR1982 had a good substrate scope for a LEH, being active towards styrene oxide, its analogues, cyclohexene oxide and 1,2-epoxyhexane in addition to (±)-limonene oxide. The enzymes from plasmids pQR1982 and pQR1984 had good substrate scopes and their enzymatic properties were characterised with respect to styrene oxide. They had comparable temperature optima and pQR1984 had 70% activity in the presence of 40% of the green solvent MeOH, a useful property for bio-industrial applications. Overall, this study has provided novel EHs with potential value in industrial biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorjan Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Dragana Dobrijevic
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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26
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Varennes O, Mentaverri R, Duflot T, Kauffenstein G, Objois T, Lenglet G, Avondo C, Morisseau C, Brazier M, Kamel S, Six I, Bellien J. The Metabolism of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids by Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Is Protective against the Development of Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124313. [PMID: 32560362 PMCID: PMC7352784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study addressed the hypothesis that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which metabolizes endothelium-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, plays a role in vascular calcification. The sEH inhibitor trans-4-(4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy)-benzoic acid (t-AUCB) potentiated the increase in calcium deposition of rat aortic rings cultured in high-phosphate conditions. This was associated with increased tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity and mRNA expression level of the osteochondrogenic marker Runx2. The procalcifying effect of t-AUCB was prevented by mechanical aortic deendothelialization or inhibition of the production and action of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids using the cytochrome P450 inhibitor fluconazole and the antagonist 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (14,15-EEZE), respectively. Similarly, exogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids potentiated the calcification of rat aortic rings through a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent mechanism and of human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells when sEH was inhibited by t-AUCB. Finally, a global gene expression profiling analysis revealed that the mRNA expression level of sEH was decreased in human carotid calcified plaques compared to adjacent lesion-free sites and was inversely correlated with Runx2 expression. These results show that sEH hydrolase plays a protective role against vascular calcification by reducing the bioavailability of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Varennes
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS (Centre de Recherche Universitaire en Santé), University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025 Amiens, France; (O.V.); (R.M.); (T.O.); (G.L.); (C.A.); (M.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Romuald Mentaverri
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS (Centre de Recherche Universitaire en Santé), University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025 Amiens, France; (O.V.); (R.M.); (T.O.); (G.L.); (C.A.); (M.B.); (S.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Thomas Duflot
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, CEDEX 1, 76031 Rouen, France;
- INSERM U1096, Normandy University, UNIROUEN, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Thibaut Objois
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS (Centre de Recherche Universitaire en Santé), University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025 Amiens, France; (O.V.); (R.M.); (T.O.); (G.L.); (C.A.); (M.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Gaëlle Lenglet
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS (Centre de Recherche Universitaire en Santé), University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025 Amiens, France; (O.V.); (R.M.); (T.O.); (G.L.); (C.A.); (M.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Carine Avondo
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS (Centre de Recherche Universitaire en Santé), University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025 Amiens, France; (O.V.); (R.M.); (T.O.); (G.L.); (C.A.); (M.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Michel Brazier
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS (Centre de Recherche Universitaire en Santé), University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025 Amiens, France; (O.V.); (R.M.); (T.O.); (G.L.); (C.A.); (M.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Saïd Kamel
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS (Centre de Recherche Universitaire en Santé), University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025 Amiens, France; (O.V.); (R.M.); (T.O.); (G.L.); (C.A.); (M.B.); (S.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Isabelle Six
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS (Centre de Recherche Universitaire en Santé), University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025 Amiens, France; (O.V.); (R.M.); (T.O.); (G.L.); (C.A.); (M.B.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (J.B.); Tel.: +33-2-32-88-90-30 (J.B.); Fax: +33-2-32-88-91-16 (J.B)
| | - Jeremy Bellien
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, CEDEX 1, 76031 Rouen, France;
- INSERM U1096, Normandy University, UNIROUEN, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (J.B.); Tel.: +33-2-32-88-90-30 (J.B.); Fax: +33-2-32-88-91-16 (J.B)
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Evangelista EA, Cho CW, Aliwarga T, Totah RA. Expression and Function of Eicosanoid-Producing Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Solid Tumors. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:828. [PMID: 32581794 PMCID: PMC7295938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins derived from the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) act as important paracrine and autocrine signaling molecules. A subclass of oxylipins, the eicosanoids, have a broad range of physiological outcomes in inflammation, the immune response, cardiovascular homeostasis, and cell growth regulation. Consequently, eicosanoids are implicated in the pathophysiology of various diseases, most notably cancer, where eicosanoid mediated signaling is involved in tumor development, progression, and angiogenesis. Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a superfamily of heme monooxygenases generally involved in the clearance of xenobiotics while a subset of isozymes oxidize PUFAs to eicosanoids. Several eicosanoid forming CYPs are overexpressed in tumors, elevating eicosanoid levels and suggesting a key function in tumorigenesis and progression of tumors in the lung, breast, prostate, and kidney. This review summarizes the current understanding of CYPs' involvement in solid tumor etiology and progression providing supporting public data for gene expression from The Cancer Genome Atlas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Evangelista
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Christi W Cho
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Theresa Aliwarga
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rheem A Totah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Wang MH, Ibrahim AS, Hsiao G, Tawfik A, Al-Shabrawey M. A novel interaction between soluble epoxide hydrolase and the AT1 receptor in retinal microvascular damage. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 148:106449. [PMID: 32360774 PMCID: PMC7728430 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies have suggested that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may be a promising therapeutic target in treating diabetic retinopathy (DR). While AT1 receptor blockade decreased the incidence of DR in the DIRECT trial, it did not reduce the DR progression. Lack of understanding of the molecular mechanism of retinal microvascular damage induced by RAS is a critical barrier to the use of RAS blockade in preventing or treating DR. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction between soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and the AT1 receptor in Angiotensin II (Ang II)- and diabetes-induced retinal microvascular damage. We demonstrate that Ang II increases retinal sEH levels, which is blunted by an AT1 blocker; administration of 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) exacerbates intravitreal Ang II-induced retinal albumin leakage; while sEH knockout (KO) and blockade reduce Ang II-induced retinal vascular remodeling, sEH KO causes retinal vascular leakage in Ang II-sEH KO mice; and sEH KO potentiates diabetes-induced retinal damage via promoting retinal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) but reducing expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin). Our studies hold the promise of providing a new strategy, the use of combined EETs blockade with AT1 blocker, to prevent or reduce DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mong-Heng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Ahmed S Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Amany Tawfik
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, USA; Culver Vision Discovery Institute and Ophthalmology, USA
| | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, USA; Culver Vision Discovery Institute and Ophthalmology, USA.
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29
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Association of Epoxide Hydrolase 2 Gene Arg287Gln with the Risk for Primary Hypertension in Chinese. Int J Hypertens 2020; 2020:2351547. [PMID: 32181010 PMCID: PMC7064850 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2351547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) gene coding for soluble epoxide hydrolase is a potential candidate in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Objectives We aimed to assess the association of a missense mutation, R287Q, in EPHX2) gene coding for soluble epoxide hydrolase is a potential candidate in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Methods This study involved 782 patients with primary hypertension and 458 healthy controls. Genotyping was done using TaqMan technique. Activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase fusion proteins was evaluated by the conversion of 11,12-EET to corresponding 11,12-DHET using ELISA kit. Results After taking carriers of R287Q variant GG genotype as a reference, those with GA genotype had a significantly reduced risk of hypertension (adjusted odds ratio: 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.56 to 0.93, P = 0.013). Five significant risk factors were identified, including age, body mass index, total cholesterol, homocysteine, and R287Q variant. These five risk factors for hypertension were represented in a nomogram, with a descent prediction accuracy (C-index: 0.833, P = 0.013). Five significant risk factors were identified, including age, body mass index, total cholesterol, homocysteine, and R287Q variant. These five risk factors for hypertension were represented in a nomogram, with a descent prediction accuracy (C-index: 0.833, Conclusions We provide evidence that R287Q mutation in EPHX2 gene was associated with reduced risk of primary hypertension and low activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase.EPHX2) gene coding for soluble epoxide hydrolase is a potential candidate in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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30
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Protostane-type triterpenoids as natural soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors: Inhibition potentials and molecular dynamics. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103637. [PMID: 32032849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a promising therapeutic approach to treat inflammation and other disorders. In our present investigation on searching for sEH inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicines, we found that Alisma orientale displayed inhibition of sEH. We constructed a small library of protostane-type triterpenoids (1-25) isolated from A. orientale, and screened their inhibitory activities. Alismanin B (1), 11-deoxy-25-anhydro alisol E (4), 11-deoxy alisol B (5), and 25-O-ethyl alisol A (15) displayed concentration-dependently inhibitory activities against sEH with IC50 values from 3.40 ± 0.57 μM to 9.57 ± 0.88 μM. 11-Deoxy-25-anhydro alisol E (4) and 11-deoxy alisol B (5) were defined as mixed-type competitive inhibitors with Ki values of 12.6 and 3.48 μM, respectively, based on the result of inhibition kinetics. The potential interaction mechanism of 11-deoxy alisol B (5) with sEH was analyzed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics, revealing that amino acid residues Trp336 and Tyr466 were vital for its inhibitory activity.
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31
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Hoxha M, Zappacosta B. CYP-derived eicosanoids: Implications for rheumatoid arthritis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 146:106405. [PMID: 31838196 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Today the role of cytochrome P450 metabolites in inflammatory rheumatic disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still poorly understood. In this review we survey the current knowledge on cytochrome P450 metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis. The balance between CYP epoxygenase- and CYP ω- hydroxylase is correlated to the regulation of NF-κB. In RA patients synovial fluid there are higher levels of IL-6, which suppresses activities of CYP enzymes, such as CYP3A, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and CYP1A2. EETs have anti-inflammatory effects, probably attributed to the PPARγ activation. EETs inhibit bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis, and can be considered as an innovative therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis. In reference to the CYP ɷ-hydroxylase pathway, 20-HETE is a pro-inflammatory mediator. While there is scarce information on the role of 20-HETE inhibitors and its antagonists in rheumatoid arthritis, the elevation of EETs levels by sEH inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis patients. In addition, hybrid compounds, such as sEH inhibitors/FLAP inhibitors, or sEHI combined with NSAIDs/COXIBs are also important therapeutic target. However, studies investigating the effects of inflammation and rheumatic disease on CYP-mediated eicosanoid metabolism are necessary. Obtaining a better understanding of the complex role of CYP-derived eicosanoids in inflammatory rheumatic disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis will provide valuable insight for basic and clinical researchers investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Hoxha
- Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Department of Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Bruno Zappacosta
- Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Department of Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, Tirana, Albania
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32
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Osthues T, Sisignano M. Oxidized Lipids in Persistent Pain States. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1147. [PMID: 31680947 PMCID: PMC6803483 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, nerve injuries, or diseases like multiple sclerosis can cause pathophysiological processes of persistent and neuropathic pain. Thereby, the activation threshold of ion channels is reduced in peripheral sensory neurons to normally noxious stimuli like heat, cold, acid, or mechanical due to sensitization processes. This leads to enhanced neuronal activity, which can result in mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, spontaneous pain, and may initiate persistent and neuropathic pain. The treatment options for persistent and neuropathic pain patients are limited; for about 50% of them, current medication is not efficient due to severe side effects or low response to the treatment. Therefore, it is of special interest to find additional treatment strategies. One approach is the control of neuronal sensitization processes. Herein, signaling lipids are crucial mediators and play an important role during the onset and maintenance of pain. As preclinical studies demonstrate, lipids may act as endogenous ligands or may sensitize transient receptor potential (TRP)-channels. Likewise, they can cause enhanced activity of sensory neurons by mechanisms involving G-protein coupled receptors and activation of intracellular protein kinases. In this regard, oxidized metabolites of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid, 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE), their dihydroxy-metabolites (DiHOMEs), as well as epoxides of linoleic acid (EpOMEs) and of arachidonic acid (EETs), as well as lysophospholipids, sphingolipids, and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) have been reported to play distinct roles in pain transmission or inhibition. Here, we discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms of the oxidized linoleic acid metabolites and eicosanoids. Furthermore, we critically evaluate their role as potential targets for the development of novel analgesics and for the treatment of persistent or neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Osthues
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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33
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Kramer JS, Woltersdorf S, Duflot T, Hiesinger K, Lillich FF, Knöll F, Wittmann SK, Klingler FM, Brunst S, Chaikuad A, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Buccellati C, Sala A, Rovati GE, Leuillier M, Fraineau S, Rondeaux J, Hernandez-Olmos V, Heering J, Merk D, Pogoryelov D, Steinhilber D, Knapp S, Bellien J, Proschak E. Discovery of the First in Vivo Active Inhibitors of the Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Phosphatase Domain. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8443-8460. [PMID: 31436984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The emerging pharmacological target soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a bifunctional enzyme exhibiting two different catalytic activities that are located in two distinct domains. Although the physiological role of the C-terminal hydrolase domain is well-investigated, little is known about its phosphatase activity, located in the N-terminal phosphatase domain of sEH (sEH-P). Herein we report the discovery and optimization of the first inhibitor of human and rat sEH-P that is applicable in vivo. X-ray structure analysis of the sEH phosphatase domain complexed with an inhibitor provides insights in the molecular basis of small-molecule sEH-P inhibition and helps to rationalize the structure-activity relationships. 4-(4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-5-phenyloxazol-2-yl)butanoic acid (22b, SWE101) has an excellent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile in rats and enables the investigation of the physiological and pathophysiological role of sEH-P in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan S Kramer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Stefano Woltersdorf
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Thomas Duflot
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Pharmacogenetics , Rouen University Hospital , 76000 Rouen , France.,Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096 , 1 rue de Germont , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Kerstin Hiesinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Felix F Lillich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Felix Knöll
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Sandra K Wittmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Franca-M Klingler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Steffen Brunst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany.,Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences , Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of California Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of California Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Carola Buccellati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Milan , Via Balzaretti 9 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Angelo Sala
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Milan , Via Balzaretti 9 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - G Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Milan , Via Balzaretti 9 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Matthieu Leuillier
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096 , 1 rue de Germont , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Sylvain Fraineau
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096 , 1 rue de Germont , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Julie Rondeaux
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096 , 1 rue de Germont , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Victor Hernandez-Olmos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP , Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 , 60596 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP , Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 , 60596 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Denys Pogoryelov
- Institute of Biochemistry , Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany.,Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Pharmacogenetics , Rouen University Hospital , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Jeremy Bellien
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096 , 1 rue de Germont , 76000 Rouen , France.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Rouen University Hospital , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
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Jones RD, Liao J, Tong X, Xu D, Sun L, Li H, Yang GY. Epoxy-Oxylipins and Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Metabolic Pathway as Targets for NSAID-Induced Gastroenteropathy and Inflammation-Associated Carcinogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:731. [PMID: 31293429 PMCID: PMC6603234 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including epoxide-modified ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids are made via oxidation to create highly polarized carbon-oxygen bonds crucial to their function as signaling molecules. A critical PUFA, arachidonic acid (ARA), is metabolized to a diverse set of lipids signaling molecules through cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), cytochrome P450 epoxygenase, or cytochrome P450 hydroxylase; however, the majority of ARA is metabolized into anti-inflammatory epoxides via cytochrome P450 enzymes. These short-lived epoxide lipids are rapidly metabolized or inactivated by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) into diol-containing products. sEH inhibition or knockout has been a practical approach to study the biology of the epoxide lipids, and has been shown to effectively treat inflammatory conditions in the preclinical models including gastrointestinal ulcers and colitis by shifting oxylipins to epoxide profiles, inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and activation, and enhancing epithelial cell defense via increased mucin production, thus providing further evidence for the role of sEH as a pro-inflammatory protein. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with COX-inhibitor activity are among the most commonly used analgesics and have demonstrated applications in the management of cardiovascular disease and intriguingly cancer. Major side effects of NSAIDs however are gastrointestinal ulcers which frequently precludes their long-term application. In this review, we hope to bridge the gap between NSAID toxicity and sEH-mediated metabolic pathways to focus on the role of epoxy fatty acid metabolic pathway of PUFAs in NSAIDS-ulcer formation and healing as well as inflammation-related carcinogenesis. Specifically we address the potential application of sEH inhibition to enhance ulcer healing at the site of inflammation via their activity on altered lipid signaling, mitochondrial function, and diminished reactive oxygen species, and further discuss the significance of dual COX and sEH inhibitor in anti-inflammation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Jones
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jie Liao
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Leyu Sun
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Haonan Li
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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35
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Liu J, Nie S, Gao M, Jiang Y, Wan Y, Ma X, Zhou S, Cheng W. Identification of EPHX2 and RMI2 as two novel key genes in cervical squamous cell carcinoma by an integrated bioinformatic analysis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21260-21273. [PMID: 31041817 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women worldwide and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) is the most common histological type of cervical cancer. The dysregulation of genes plays a significant role in cancer. In the present study, we screened out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of CESC in the GSE63514 data set from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. An integrated bioinformatics analysis was used to select hub genes, as well as to investigate their related prognostic signature, functional annotation, methylation mechanism, and candidate molecular drugs. As a result, a total of 1907 DEGs were identified (944 were upregulated and 963 were downregulated). In the protein-protein interaction network, three hub modules and 30 hub genes were identified. And two hub modules and 116 hub genes were screened out from four CESC-related modules by the weighted gene coexpression network analysis. The gene ontology term enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis were performed to better understand functions and pathways. Genes with a significant prognostic value were found by prognostic signature analysis. And there were five genes (EPHX2, CHAF1B, KIAA1524, CDC45, and RMI2) identified as significant CESC-associated genes after expression validation and survival analysis. Among them, EPHX2 and RMI2 were noted as two novel key genes for the CESC-associated methylation and expression. In addition, four candidate small molecule drugs for CESC (camptothecin, resveratrol, vorinostat, and trichostatin A) were defined. Further studies are required to explore these significant CESC-associated genes for their potentiality in diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sipei Nie
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yicong Wan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shulin Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjun Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Abstract
Angiogenesis and inflammation are hallmarks of cancer. Arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are primarily metabolized by three distinct enzymatic systems initiated by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) to generate bioactive eicosanoids, including prostanoids, leukotrienes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. As some of the PUFA metabolites playing essential roles in inflammatory processes, these pathways have been widely studied as therapeutic targets of inflammation. Because of their anti-inflammatory effects, these pathways were also proposed as anti-cancer targets. However, although the eicosanoids were linked to endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis almost two decades ago, it is only recently PUFA metabolites, especially those generated by CYP enzymes and the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), have been recognized as important signaling mediators in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Despite the fact that tumor growth and invasion are heavily dependent on inner-tumor angiogenesis and influenced by vascular stability, the role played by PUFA metabolites in tumor angiogenesis and vessel integrity has been largely overlooked. This review highlights current knowledge on the function of PUFA metabolites generated by the CYP/sEH pathway in angiogenesis and vascular stability as well as their potential involvement in cancer development.
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37
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Phosphoproteomic analyses of kidneys of Atlantic salmon infected with Aeromonas salmonicida. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2101. [PMID: 30765835 PMCID: PMC6376026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida (A. salmonicida) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes furunculosis and poses a significant global risk, particularly in economic activities such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farming. In a previous study, we identified proteins that are significantly upregulated in kidneys of Atlantic salmon challenged with A. salmonicida. Phosphoproteomic analyses were conducted to further clarify the dynamic changes in protein phosphorylation patterns triggered by bacterial infection. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize phosphorylation events in proteins from A. salmonicida-infected Atlantic salmon. Overall, we identified over 5635 phosphorylation sites in 3112 proteins, and 1502 up-regulated and 77 down-regulated proteins quantified as a 1.5-fold or greater change relative to control levels. Based on the combined data from proteomic and motif analyses, we hypothesize that five prospective novel kinases (VRK3, GAK, HCK, PKCδ and RSK6) with common functions in inflammatory processes and cellular pathways to regulate apoptosis and the cytoskeleton could serve as potential biomarkers against bacterial propagation in fish. Data from STRING-based functional network analyses indicate that fga is the most central protein. Our collective findings provide new insights into protein phosphorylation patterns, which may serve as effective indicators of A. salmonicida infection in Atlantic salmon.
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Hashimoto K. Role of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase in Metabolism of PUFAs in Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:36. [PMID: 30761004 PMCID: PMC6363819 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of a number of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Soluble epoxide hydrolases (sEH), enzymes present in all living organisms, metabolize epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs) to corresponding 1,2-diols by the addition of a molecule of water. Accumulating evidence suggests that sEH in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) plays a key role in inflammation. Preclinical studies demonstrated that protein expression of sEH in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus from mice with depression-like phenotype was higher than control mice. Furthermore, protein expression of sEH in the parietal cortex from patients with major depressive disorder was higher than controls. Interestingly, Ephx2 knock-out (KO) mice exhibit stress resilience after chronic social defeat stress. Furthermore, the sEH inhibitors have antidepressant effects in animal models of depression. In addition, pharmacological inhibition or gene KO of sEH protected against dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the striatum after repeated administration of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Protein expression of sEH in the striatum from MPTP-treated mice was higher than control mice. A number of studies using postmortem brain samples showed that the deposition of protein aggregates of α-synuclein, termed Lewy bodies, is evident in multiple brain regions of patients from PD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Moreover, the expression of the sEH protein in the striatum from patients with DLB was significantly higher compared with controls. Interestingly, there was a positive correlation between sEH expression and the ratio of phosphorylated α-synuclein to α-synuclein in the striatum. In the review, the author discusses the role of sEH in the metabolism of PUFAs in inflammation-related psychiatric and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Wang M, Yang L, Wang Y, Hu T, Liu A, Cheng Q, Fu Z, Zhang P, Cao L. Proteomics analysis indicated the protein expression pattern related to the development of fetal conotruncal defects. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13544-13556. [PMID: 30635921 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal development of embryonic conus arteriosus could lead to conotruncal defects in fetal heart, and increase the incidence of fetal congenital heart disease. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the most common forms of congenital heart disease. It may be helpful for us to solve this clinical problem through exploring the molecular mechanisms of development in embryonic congenital heart disease. Proteomics has attracted much attention in understanding the development of human diseases during the past decades. However, there is still little information about the relationship between protein expression pattern and TOF. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential linkage of proteomics and TOF development. Briefly, 121 differentially expressed proteins were identified from a TOF group, compared with a control group. The expression levels of 34 of these proteins were significantly different (>1.5 absolute fold change, p < 0.05) between the two groups. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis showed that these proteins were mainly associated with carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of antibodies, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, nucleus, ATP binding, and so on. The ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) results indicated that 435 of upstream regulators were identified of these differentially expressed proteins, which might be involved in the development of TOF. Data of string analysis showed the protein-protein interaction network among the differentially expressed proteins and regulators, which are related to TOF. In conclusion, our study explored the protein expression pattern of TOF, which might provide new insights into understanding the mechanism of TOF development and afford potential targets for TOF diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Department of Echocardiography, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Ultrasonography, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Pingyang Zhang
- Department of Echocardiography, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Ultrasonography, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
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Krachtus D, Smith JC, Imhof P. Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical Analysis of the Catalytic Mechanism of Phosphoserine Phosphatase. Molecules 2018; 23:E3342. [PMID: 30563005 PMCID: PMC6321591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP), a member of the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily that comprises the vast majority of phosphotransferases, is likely a steady-state regulator of the level of d-serine in the brain. The proposed catalytic cycle of PSP consists of a two-step mechanism: formation of a phospho-enzyme intermediate by phosphate transfer to Asp11 and its subsequent hydrolysis. Our combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations of the reaction pathways favour a dissociative mechanism of nucleophilic substitution via a trigonal-planar metaphosphate-like configuration for both steps, associated with proton transfer to the leaving group or from the nucleophile. This proton transfer is facilitated by active site residue Asp13 that acts as both a general base and a general acid. Free energy calculation on the reaction pathways further support the structural role of the enzymatic environment and the active site architecture. The choice of a proper reaction coordinate along which to bias the free energy calculations can be guided by a projection of the canonical reaction coordinate obtained from a chain-of-state optimisation onto important internal coordinates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Krachtus
- Computational Molecular Biophysics Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jeremy C Smith
- Computational Molecular Biophysics Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- University of Tennessee/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Center for Molecular Biophysics, One Bethel Valley Road, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6255, USA.
| | - Petra Imhof
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Therapeutics for arachidonic acid pathways began with the development of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX). The enzymatic pathways and arachidonic acid metabolites and respective receptors have been successfully targeted and therapeutics developed for pain, inflammation, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. These drugs target the COX and lipoxygenase pathways but not the third branch for arachidonic acid metabolism, the cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathway. Small molecule compounds targeting enzymes and CYP epoxy-fatty acid metabolites have evolved rapidly over the last two decades. These therapeutics have primarily focused on inhibiting soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) or agonist mimetics for epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET). Based on preclinical animal model studies and human studies, major therapeutic indications for these sEH inhibitors and EET mimics/analogs are renal and cardiovascular diseases. Novel small molecules that inhibit sEH have advanced to human clinical trials and demonstrate promise for cardiovascular diseases. Challenges remain for sEH inhibitor and EET analog drug development; however, there is a high likelihood that a drug that acts on this third branch of arachidonic acid metabolism will be utilized to treat a cardiovascular or kidney disease in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Zarriello S, Tuazon JP, Corey S, Schimmel S, Rajani M, Gorsky A, Incontri D, Hammock BD, Borlongan CV. Humble beginnings with big goals: Small molecule soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors for treating CNS disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 172:23-39. [PMID: 30447256 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) degrades epoxides of fatty acids including epoxyeicosatrienoic acid isomers (EETs), which are produced as metabolites of the cytochrome P450 branch of the arachidonic acid pathway. EETs exert a variety of largely beneficial effects in the context of inflammation and vascular regulation. sEH inhibition is shown to be therapeutic in several cardiovascular and renal disorders, as well as in peripheral analgesia, via the increased availability of anti-inflammatory EETs. The success of sEH inhibitors in peripheral systems suggests their potential in targeting inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Here, we describe the current roles of sEH in the pathology and treatment of CNS disorders such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, cognitive impairment, dementia and depression. In view of the robust anti-inflammatory effects of stem cells, we also outlined the potency of stem cell treatment and sEH inhibitors as a combination therapy for these CNS disorders. This review highlights the gaps in current knowledge about the pathologic and therapeutic roles of sEH in CNS disorders, which should guide future basic science research towards translational and clinical applications of sEH inhibitors for treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Zarriello
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Julian P Tuazon
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Sydney Corey
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Samantha Schimmel
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Mira Rajani
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Anna Gorsky
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Diego Incontri
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, NIEHS-UCD Superfund Research Program, University of California - Davis, United States.
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States.
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Edin ML, Hamedani BG, Gruzdev A, Graves JP, Lih FB, Arbes SJ, Singh R, Orjuela Leon AC, Bradbury JA, DeGraff LM, Hoopes SL, Arand M, Zeldin DC. Epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1) hydrolyzes epoxyeicosanoids and impairs cardiac recovery after ischemia. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3281-3292. [PMID: 29298899 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli such as inflammation or hypoxia induce cytochrome P450 epoxygenase-mediated production of arachidonic acid-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). EETs have cardioprotective, vasodilatory, angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects, which are diminished by EET hydrolysis yielding biologically less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). Previous in vitro assays have suggested that epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) is responsible for nearly all EET hydrolysis. EPHX1, which exhibits slow EET hydrolysis in vitro, is thought to contribute only marginally to EET hydrolysis. Using Ephx1-/-, Ephx2-/-, and Ephx1-/-Ephx2-/- mice, we show here that EPHX1 significantly contributes to EET hydrolysis in vivo Disruption of Ephx1 and/or Ephx2 genes did not induce compensatory changes in expression of other Ephx genes or CYP2 family epoxygenases. Plasma levels of 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-DHET were reduced by 38, 44, and 67% in Ephx2-/- mice compared with wildtype (WT) mice, respectively; however, plasma from Ephx1-/-Ephx2-/- mice exhibited significantly greater reduction (100, 99, and 96%) of those respective DHETs. Kinetic assays and FRET experiments indicated that EPHX1 is a slow EET scavenger, but hydrolyzes EETs in a coupled reaction with cytochrome P450 to limit basal EET levels. Moreover, we also found that EPHX1 activities are biologically relevant, as Ephx1-/-Ephx2-/- hearts had significantly better postischemic functional recovery (71%) than both WT (31%) and Ephx2-/- (51%) hearts. These findings indicate that Ephx1-/-Ephx2-/- mice are a valuable model for assessing EET-mediated effects, uncover a new paradigm for EET metabolism, and suggest that dual EPHX1 and EPHX2 inhibition may represent a therapeutic approach to manage human pathologies such as myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Edin
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Behin Gholipour Hamedani
- the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Joan P Graves
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Fred B Lih
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Samuel J Arbes
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Rohanit Singh
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Anette C Orjuela Leon
- the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Alyce Bradbury
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Laura M DeGraff
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Samantha L Hoopes
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Michael Arand
- the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
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Abstract
Biologically active epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) regioisomers are synthesized from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases of endothelial, myocardial, and renal tubular cells. EETs relax vascular smooth muscle and decrease inflammatory cell adhesion and cytokine release. Renal EETs promote sodium excretion and vasodilation to decrease hypertension. Cardiac EETs reduce infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion injury and decrease fibrosis and inflammation in heart failure. In diabetes, EETs improve insulin sensitivity, increase glucose tolerance, and reduce the renal injury. These actions of EETs emphasize their therapeutic potential. To minimize metabolic inactivation, 14,15-EET agonist analogs with stable epoxide bioisosteres and carboxyl surrogates were developed. In preclinical rat models, a subset of agonist analogs, termed EET-A, EET-B, and EET-C22, are orally active with good pharmacokinetic properties. These orally active EET agonists lower blood pressure and reduce cardiac and renal injury in spontaneous and angiotensin hypertension. Other beneficial cardiovascular actions include improved endothelial function and cardiac antiremodeling actions. In rats, EET analogs effectively combat acute and chronic kidney disease including drug- and radiation-induced kidney damage, hypertension and cardiorenal syndrome kidney damage, and metabolic syndrome and diabetes nephropathy. The compelling preclinical efficacy supports the prospect of advancing EET analogs to human clinical trials for kidney and cardiovascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/administration & dosage
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/analogs & derivatives
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/chemistry
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Blood Pressure/physiology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy
- Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/administration & dosage
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/chemistry
- Humans
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Kidney Diseases/drug therapy
- Kidney Diseases/physiopathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilation/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Campbell
- *Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; and †Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Bendigiri C, Zinjarde S, RaviKumar A. Ylehd, an epoxide hydrolase with promiscuous haloalkane dehalogenase activity from tropical marine yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is induced upon xenobiotic stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11887. [PMID: 28928379 PMCID: PMC5605520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recalcitrant environmental pollutants, like bromoorganics and epoxides are hydrolysed with limited substrate specificities by microbial oxygenases, reductases, hydrolases and dehalogenases. Here, we report the identification and characterisation of a protein (XP_504164) from the tropical marine yeast Yarrowia lipolytica NCIM 3589, known to degrade bromoorganics and epoxides. Multiple sequence alignment suggests it belongs to α/β superfamily with conservation of catalytic triad and oxyanion hole motifs. The corresponding gene cloned and protein (Ylehd) expressed in E. coli BL21AI exhibited epoxide hydrolase activity (24 ± 0.7 nmol s−1 mg−1 protein) at pH 8.0 and promiscuous haloalkane dehalogenase (1.5 ± 0.2 nmol s−1 mg−1 protein) at pH 4.5. Recombinant Ylehd catalyses structurally diverse epoxides and bromoorganics with maximum catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of 96.56 and 10.1 mM−1 s−1 towards 1,2-Epoxyoctane (EO) and 1-Bromodecane (BD). The expression of Ylehd was highly induced in presence of BD and EO but not in glucose grown cells as studied by immunoblot analyses, q-PCR and activity levels. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed higher expression in presence of xenobiotics and located it to cytosol. Such inducible nature of Ylehd suggests its physiological role in xenobiotic stress mitigation. This study represents the first functional characterisation of a bifunctional EH/HLD in eukaryotic microbes with broad substrate specificity making it a potential biocatalyst for bioremediation/biosensing of mixed pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Bendigiri
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Smita Zinjarde
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Ameeta RaviKumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
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Huang HJ, Wang YT, Lin HC, Lee YH, Lin AMY. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition Attenuates MPTP-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic System: Involvement of α-Synuclein Aggregation and ER Stress. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:138-144. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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47
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Kramer J, Proschak E. Phosphatase activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 133:88-92. [PMID: 28729091 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a bifunctional enzyme that exhibits lipid epoxide hydrolase (sEH-H) and lipid phosphatase activity (sEH-P), with each being located in its own distinct domain. While the epoxide hydrolase activity is well-investigated, the role of the phosphatase domain remains unclear. This article briefly summarizes the evolution, structure and SNPs of the human sEH, with a special focus on the function and postulated role of the N-terminal domain of sEH. Furthermore, the article provides an overview of tools to study sEH-P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kramer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60439, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60439, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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48
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Pineau E, Xu L, Renault H, Trolet A, Navrot N, Ullmann P, Légeret B, Verdier G, Beisson F, Pinot F. Arabidopsis thaliana EPOXIDE HYDROLASE1 (AtEH1) is a cytosolic epoxide hydrolase involved in the synthesis of poly-hydroxylated cutin monomers. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:173-186. [PMID: 28497532 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Epoxide hydrolases (EHs) are present in all living organisms. They have been extensively characterized in mammals; however, their biological functions in plants have not been demonstrated. Based on in silico analysis, we identified AtEH1 (At3g05600), a putative Arabidopsis thaliana epoxide hydrolase possibly involved in cutin monomer synthesis. We expressed AtEH1 in yeast and studied its localization in vivo. We also analyzed the composition of cutin from A. thaliana lines in which this gene was knocked out. Incubation of recombinant AtEH1 with epoxy fatty acids confirmed its capacity to hydrolyze epoxides of C18 fatty acids into vicinal diols. Transfection of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves with constructs expressing AtEH1 fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) indicated that AtEH1 is localized in the cytosol. Analysis of cutin monomers in loss-of-function Ateh1-1 and Ateh1-2 mutants showed an accumulation of 18-hydroxy-9,10-epoxyoctadecenoic acid and a concomitant decrease in corresponding vicinal diols in leaf and seed cutin. Compared with wild-type seeds, Ateh1 seeds showed delayed germination under osmotic stress conditions and increased seed coat permeability to tetrazolium red. This work reports a physiological role for a plant EH and identifies AtEH1 as a new member of the complex machinery involved in cutin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Pineau
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lin Xu
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, CEA-CNRS-Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7265, LB3M, F-13108, Cadarache, France
| | - Hugues Renault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Adrien Trolet
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Navrot
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascaline Ullmann
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bertrand Légeret
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, CEA-CNRS-Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7265, LB3M, F-13108, Cadarache, France
| | - Gaëtan Verdier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fred Beisson
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, CEA-CNRS-Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7265, LB3M, F-13108, Cadarache, France
| | - Franck Pinot
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
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Shuey MM, Billings FT, Wei S, Milne GL, Nian H, Yu C, Brown NJ. Association of gain-of-function EPHX2 polymorphism Lys55Arg with acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175292. [PMID: 28552948 PMCID: PMC5446112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty to thirty percent of patients undergoing cardiac surgery develop acute kidney injury (AKI). In mice, inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) attenuates renal injury following ischemia-reperfusion. We tested the hypothesis that functional variants of EPHX2, encoding sEH, are associated with AKI after cardiac surgery. We genotyped patients in two independent cardiac surgery cohorts for functional EPHX2 polymorphisms, Lys55Arg and Arg287Gln, and determined AKI using Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria. The 287Gln variant was not associated with AKI. In the discovery cohort, the gain-of-function 55Arg variant was associated with an increased incidence of AKI in univariate (p = 0.03) and multivariable (p = 0.04) analyses. In white patients without chronic kidney disease (CKD), the 55Arg variant was independently associated with AKI with an OR of 2.04 (95% CI 0.95–4.42) for 55Arg heterozygotes and 31.53 (1.57–633.19) for homozygotes (p = 0.02), after controlling for age, sex, body mass index, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, and use of cardiopulmonary bypass. These findings were replicated in the second cardiac surgery cohort. 12,13- and total- dihydroxyoctadecanoic acids (DiHOME): epoxyoctadecanoic acids (EpOME) ratios were increased in EPHX2 55Arg variant carriers, consistent with increased hydrolase activity. The EPHX2 Lys55Arg polymorphism is associated with AKI following cardiac surgery in patients without preexisting CKD. Pharmacological strategies to decrease sEH activity might decrease postoperative AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Shuey
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Frederic T. Billings
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Shouzou Wei
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ginger L. Milne
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hui Nian
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nancy J. Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Staunton L, Tonry C, Lis R, Espina V, Liotta L, Inzitari R, Bowden M, Fabre A, O'Leary J, Finn SP, Loda M, Pennington SR. Pathology-Driven Comprehensive Proteomic Profiling of the Prostate Cancer Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:281-293. [PMID: 28057717 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Gleason grading is an important predictor of prostate cancer outcomes and is influential in determining patient treatment options. Clinical decisions based on a Gleason score of 7 are difficult as the prognosis for individuals diagnosed with Gleason 4+3 cancer is much worse than for those diagnosed with Gleason 3+4 cancer. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a highly precise method to isolate specific cell populations or discrete microregions from tissues. This report undertook a detailed molecular characterization of the tumor microenvironment in prostate cancer to define the proteome in the epithelial and stromal regions from tumor foci of Gleason grades 3 and 4. Tissue regions of interest were isolated from several Gleason 3+3 and Gleason 4+4 tumors using telepathology to leverage specialized pathology expertise to support LCM. Over 2,000 proteins were identified following liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of all regions of interest. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in protein expression (>100 proteins) between Gleason 3 and Gleason 4 regions-in both stromal and epithelial compartments. A subset of these proteins has had prior strong association with prostate cancer, thereby providing evidence for the authenticity of the approach. Finally, validation of these proteins by immunohistochemistry has been obtained using an independent cohort of prostate cancer tumor specimens.Implications: This unbiased strategy provides a strong foundation for the development of biomarker protein panels with significant diagnostic and prognostic potential. Mol Cancer Res; 15(3); 281-93. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Staunton
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire Tonry
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosina Lis
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Lance Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Rosanna Inzitari
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michaela Bowden
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aurelie Fabre
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Massimo Loda
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen R Pennington
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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