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Jiang NX, Zhao WJ, Shen HR, Du DF, Li XL. Hyperinsulinemia impairs decidualization via AKT-NR4A1 signaling: new insight into polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-related infertility. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:31. [PMID: 38310251 PMCID: PMC10837998 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for endometrial dysfunction in women with PCOS is essential, particularly focusing on the role of hyperinsulinemia. METHODS We explored the role of insulin in the decidualization process using a synthetic decidualization assay. To dissect the effects of PI3K/AKT-NR4A signaling, we employed small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the NR4A genes and inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT pathway. We also investigated the disruption of AKT-NR4A1 signaling in the endometrium of PCOS female rats induced with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB) analyses were utilized to evaluate gene expression regulation. RESULTS Insulin was found to suppress the expression of decidualization markers in human endometrial stromal cells (hESC) in a dose-dependent manner, concurrently triggering an inappropriate activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Members of the NR4A family, as downstream effectors in the PI3K/AKT pathway, were implicated in the insulin-induced disruptions during the decidualization process. Moreover, the endometrium of PCOS models showed significantly elevated levels of phosphorylated (Ser473) AKT, with a corresponding reduction in Nr4a1 protein. CONCLUSIONS Our research demonstrates that insulin negatively regulates decidualization in hESC via the PI3K/AKT-NR4A pathway. In vivo analysis revealed a significant dysregulation of the AKT-NR4A1 pathway in the endometrium of PCOS rats. These findings offer novel insights into the pathogenesis of infertility and endometrial disorders associated with hyperinsulinemia in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Xing Jiang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 200011, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 200011, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 200011, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 200011, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ran Shen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 200011, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 200011, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Feng Du
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 200011, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 200011, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Lian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 200011, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 200011, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Burgermeister E. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Exploratory Nuclear Receptor Crosstalk in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14546. [PMID: 37833991 PMCID: PMC10572424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The three major mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK/SAPK) are upstream regulators of the nuclear receptor superfamily (NRSF). These ligand-activated transcription factors are divided into subclasses comprising receptors for endocrine hormones, metabolic compounds (e.g., vitamins, diet), xenobiotics, and mediators released from host immune reactions such as tissue injury and inflammation. These internal and external cues place the NRSF at the frontline as sensors and translators of information from the environment towards the genome. For most of the former "orphan" receptors, physiological and synthetic ligands have been identified, opening intriguing opportunities for combination therapies with existing cancer medications. Hitherto, only preclinical data are available, warranting further validation in clinical trials in patients. The current review summarized the existing literature covering the expression and function of NRSF subclasses in human solid tumors and hematopoietic malignancies and their modulatory effects on innate (e.g., macrophages, dendritic cells) and adaptive (i.e., T cell subsets) immune cells, encouraging mechanistic and pharmacological studies in combination with current clinically approved therapeutics against immune checkpoint molecules (e.g., PD1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Burgermeister
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
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3
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Wang H, Zhang M, Fang F, Xu C, Liu J, Gao L, Zhao C, Wang Z, Zhong Y, Wang X. The nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A1 in human disease. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:148-159. [PMID: 36861809 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1), a member of the NR4A subfamily, acts as a gene regulator in a wide range of signaling pathways and responses to human diseases. Here, we provide a brief overview of the current functions of NR4A1 in human diseases and the factors involved in its function. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms can potentially improve drug development and disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuang Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Mengjuan Zhang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Jiazhi Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Lanjun Gao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Xiangting Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
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Nur77 Serves as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker That Correlates with Immune Infiltration and May Act as a Good Target for Prostate adenocarcinoma. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031238. [PMID: 36770929 PMCID: PMC9921667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is the most frequent malignancy, and is the second leading cause of death due to cancer in men. Thus, new prognostic biomarkers and drug targets for PRAD are urgently needed. As we know, nuclear receptor Nur77 is important in cancer development and changes in the tumor microenvironment; whereas, the function of Nur77 in PRAD remains to be elucidated. The TCGA database was used to explore the Nur77 expression and its role in the prognosis of PRAD. It was shown that Nur77 was down regulated in PRAD, and low Nur77 expression was correlated with advanced clinical pathologic characteristics (high grade, histological type, age) and poor prognosis. Furthermore, key genes screening was examined by univariate Cox analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival. Additionally, Nur77 was closely related to immune infiltration and some anti-tumor immune functions. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were presented by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Therefore, the expression level of Nur77 might help predict the survival of PRAD cases, which presents a new insight and a new target for the treatment of PRAD. In vitro experiments verified that natural product malayoside targeting Nur77 exhibited significant therapeutic effects on PRAD and largely induced cell apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of Nur77 and its mitochondrial localization. Taken together, Nur77 is a prognostic biomarker for patients with PRAD, which may refresh the profound understanding of PRAD individualized treatment.
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5
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Birari P, Mal S, Majumder D, Sharma AK, Kumar M, Das T, Ghosh Z, Jana K, Gupta UD, Kundu M, Basu J. Nur77 influences immunometabolism to regulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines and the formation of lipid bodies during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of macrophages. Pathog Dis 2023; 81:ftad033. [PMID: 38017622 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of macrophages with Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces innate immune responses designed to clear the invading bacterium. However, bacteria often survive within the intracellular environment by exploiting these responses triggered by macrophages. Here, the role of the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 (Nr4a1) in regulating the response of macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis (Mtb) has been delineated. Nur77 is induced early during infection, regulates metabolism by binding directly at the promoter of the TCA cycle enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), to act as its repressor, and shifts the balance from a proinflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Depletion of Nur77 increased transcription of IDH2 and, consequently, the levels of intracellular succinate, leading to enhanced levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Further, Nur77 inhibited the production of antibacterial nitric oxide and IL-1β in a succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-dependent manner, suggesting that its induction favors bacterial survival by suppressing bactericidal responses. Indeed, depletion of Nur77 inhibited the intracellular survival of Mtb. On the other hand, depletion of Nur77 enhanced lipid body formation, suggesting that the fall in Nur77 levels as infection progresses likely favors foamy macrophage formation and long-term survival of Mtb in the host milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Birari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, 93/1 APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Soumya Mal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Debayan Majumder
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, 93/1 APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, 93/1 APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, 93/1 APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Troyee Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Zhumur Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Umesh D Gupta
- National JALMA Institute of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Disease, Agra 282001, India
| | - Manikuntala Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, 93/1 APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Joyoti Basu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, 93/1 APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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Cai X, Jiang Y, Cao Z, Zhang M, Kong N, Yu L, Tang Y, Kong S, Deng W, Wang H, Sun J, Ding L, Jiang R, Sun H, Yan G. Mst1-mediated phosphorylation of Nur77 improves the endometrial receptivity in human and mice. EBioMedicine 2023; 88:104433. [PMID: 36623453 PMCID: PMC9841229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful embryo implantation requires the attachment of a blastocyst to the receptive endometrial epithelium, which was disturbed in the women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Endometrial β3-integrin was the most important adhesion molecule contributing to endometrial receptivity in both humans and mice. Nur77 has been proven indispensable for fertility in mice, here we explore the role of Nur77 on embryo-epithelial adhesion and potential treatment to embryo implantation failure. METHODS The expression and location of Mst1 and Nur77 in endometrium from fertile women and RIF patients were examined by IHC, qRT-PCR and Western blotting. In vitro kinase assay following with LC-MS/MS were used to identify the phosphorylation site of Nur77 activated by Mst1. The phosphorylated Nur77 was detected by phos-tag SDS-PAGE assay and specific antibody against phospho-Nur77-Thr366. The effect of embryo-epithelium interaction was determined in the BeWo spheroid or mouse embryo adhesion assay, and delayed implantation mouse model. RNA-seq was used to explore the mechanism by which Nur77 derived peptide promotes endometrial receptivity. FINDINGS Endometrial Mammalian sterile 20 (STE20)-like kinase 1 (Mst1) expression level was decreased in the women with RIF than that in the fertile control group, while Mst1 activation in the epithelial cells promoted trophoblast-uterine epithelium adhesion. The effect of Nur77 mediated trophoblast-uterine epithelium adhesion was facilitated by active Mst1. Mechanistically, mst1 promotes the transcription activity of Nur77 by phosphorylating Nur77 at threonine 366 (T366), and consequently increased downstream target β3-integrin expression. Furthermore, a Nur77-derived peptide containing phosphorylated T366 markedly promoted mouse embryo attachment to Ishikawa cells ([4 (2-4)] vs [3 (2-4)]) and increased the embryo implantation rate (4 vs 1.4) in a delayed implantation mouse model by regulating integrin signalling. Finally, it is observed that the endometrial phospho-Nur77 (T366) level is decreased by 80% in the women with RIF. INTERPRETATION In addition to uncovering a potential regulatory mechanism of Mst1/Nur77/β3-integrin signal axis involved in the regulation of embryo-epithelium interaction, our finding provides a novel marker of endometrial receptivity and a potential therapeutic agent for embryo implantation failure. FUNDING National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1004400), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82171653, 82271698, 82030040, 81971387 and 30900727), and National Institutes of Health grants (R01HL103869).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Cai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China,Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China,Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China,Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China,Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Kong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China,Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lina Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China,Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yedong Tang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Shuangbo Kong
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Wenbo Deng
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Lijun Ding
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China,Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiwei Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China; Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haixiang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China; Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Guijun Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China; Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 210032 Nanjing, China.
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Zhang M, Shi Z, Zhang S, Li X, To SKY, Peng Y, Liu J, Chen S, Hu H, Wong AST, Zeng JZ. The Ginsenoside Compound K Suppresses Stem-Cell-like Properties and Colorectal Cancer Metastasis by Targeting Hypoxia-Driven Nur77-Akt Feed-Forward Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010024. [PMID: 36612021 PMCID: PMC9817892 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia reprograms cancer stem cells. Nur77, an orphan nuclear receptor, highly expresses and facilitates colorectal cancer (CRC) stemness and metastasis under a hypoxic microenvironment. However, safe and effective small molecules that target Nur77 for CSC depletion remain unexplored. Here, we report our identification of the ginsenoside compound K (CK) as a new ligand of Nur77. CK strongly inhibits hypoxia-induced CRC sphere formation and CSC phenotypes in a Nur77-dependent manner. Hypoxia induces an intriguing Nur77-Akt feed-forward loop, resulting in reinforced PI3K/Akt signaling that is druggable by targeting Nur77. CK directly binds and modulates Nur77 phosphorylation to block the Nur77-Akt activation loop by disassociating Nur77 from the p63-bound Dicer promoter. The transcription of Dicer that is silenced under a hypoxia microenvironment is thus reactivated by CK. Consequently, the expression and processing capability of microRNA let-7i-5p are significantly increased, which targets PIK3CA mRNA for decay. The in vivo results showed that CK suppresses cancer stemness and metastasis without causing significant adverse effects. Given that the majority of FDA-approved and currently clinically tested PI3K/Akt inhibitors are reversible ATP-competitive kinase antagonists, targeting Nur77 for PI3K/Akt inactivation may provide an alternative strategy to overcoming concerns about drug selectivity and safety. The mechanistic target identification provides a basis for exploring CK as a promising nutraceutical against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minda Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zeyu Shi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xudan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Sally Kit Yan To
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yijia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Siming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hongyu Hu
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi 321004, China
| | - Alice Sze Tsai Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Correspondence: (A.S.T.W.); (J.-Z.Z.)
| | - Jin-Zhang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (A.S.T.W.); (J.-Z.Z.)
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Chen QT, Zhang ZY, Huang QL, Chen HZ, Hong WB, Lin T, Zhao WX, Wang XM, Ju CY, Wu LZ, Huang YY, Hou PP, Wang WJ, Zhou D, Deng X, Wu Q. HK1 from hepatic stellate cell-derived extracellular vesicles promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1306-1321. [PMID: 36192599 PMCID: PMC9584821 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00642-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles play crucial roles in intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment. Here we demonstrate that in hepatic fibrosis, TGF-β stimulates the palmitoylation of hexokinase 1 (HK1) in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which facilitates the secretion of HK1 via large extracellular vesicles in a TSG101-dependent manner. The large extracellular vesicle HK1 is hijacked by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, leading to accelerated glycolysis and HCC progression. In HSCs, the nuclear receptor Nur77 transcriptionally activates the expression of depalmitoylase ABHD17B to inhibit HK1 palmitoylation, consequently attenuating HK1 release. However, TGF-β-activated Akt functionally represses Nur77 by inducing Nur77 phosphorylation and degradation. We identify the small molecule PDNPA that binds Nur77 to generate steric hindrance to block Akt targeting, thereby disrupting Akt-mediated Nur77 degradation and preserving Nur77 inhibition of HK1 release. Together, this study demonstrates an overlooked function of HK1 in HCC upon its release from HSCs and highlights PDNPA as a candidate compound for inhibiting HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiao-Ling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hang-Zi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Wen-Bin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen University Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen University Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Cui-Yu Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liu-Zheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ya-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pei-Pei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dawang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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9
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Chen KQ, Wei BH, Hao SL, Yang WX. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway: How does it regulate development of Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells? Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:621-636. [PMID: 35388905 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is one of the most crucial regulatory mechanisms in animal cells, which can mainly regulate proliferation, survival and anti-apoptosis in cell lines. In the seminiferous epithelium, most studies were concentrated on the role of PI3K/AKT signaling in immature Sertoli cells (SCs) and spermatogonia stem cells (SSCs). PI3K/AKT signaling can facilitate the proliferation and anti-apoptosis of immature Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells. Besides, in mature Sertoli cells, this pathway can disintegrate the structure of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) via regulatory protein synthesis and the cytoskeleton of Sertoli cells. All of these effects can directly and indirectly maintain and promote spermatogenesis in male testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Qi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bang-Hong Wei
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang-Li Hao
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Zhou X, Mehta S, Zhang J. AktAR and Akt-STOPS: Genetically Encodable Molecular Tools to Visualize and Perturb Akt Kinase Activity at Different Subcellular Locations in Living Cells. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e416. [PMID: 35532280 PMCID: PMC9093046 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinase Akt integrates diverse upstream inputs to regulate cell survival, growth, metabolism, migration, and differentiation. Mounting evidence suggests that Akt activity is differentially regulated depending on its subcellular location, which can include the plasma membrane, endomembrane, and nuclear compartment. This spatial control of Akt activity is critical for achieving signaling specificity and proper physiological functions, and deregulation of compartment-specific Akt signaling is implicated in various diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Understanding the spatial coordination of the signaling network centered around this key kinase and the underlying regulatory mechanisms requires precise tracking of Akt activity at distinct subcellular compartments within its native biological contexts. To address this challenge, new molecular tools are being developed, enabling us to directly interrogate the spatiotemporal regulation of Akt in living cells. These include, for instance, the newly developed genetically encodable fluorescent-protein-based Akt kinase activity reporter (AktAR2), which serves as a substrate surrogate of Akt kinase and translates Akt-specific phosphorylation into a quantifiable change in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). In addition, we developed the Akt substrate tandem occupancy peptide sponge (Akt-STOPS), which allows biochemical perturbation of subcellular Akt activity. Both molecular tools can be readily targeted to distinct subcellular localizations. Here, we describe a workflow to study Akt kinase activity at different subcellular locations in living cells. We provide a protocol for using genetically targeted AktAR2 and Akt-STOPS, along with fluorescence imaging in living NIH3T3 cells, to visualize and perturb, respectively, the activity of endogenous Akt kinase at different subcellular compartments. We further describe a protocol for using chemically inducible dimerization (CID) to control the plasma membrane-specific inhibition of Akt activity in real time. Lastly, we describe a protocol for maintaining NIH3T3 cells in culture, a cell line known to exhibit robust Akt activity. In all, this approach enables interrogation of spatiotemporal regulation and functions of Akt, as well as the intricate signaling networks in which it is embedded, at specific subcellular locations. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Visualizing and perturbing subcellular Akt kinase activity using AktAR and Akt-STOPS Basic Protocol 2: Using chemically inducible dimerization (CID) to control inhibition of Akt at the plasma membrane Support Protocol: Maintaining NIH3T3 cells in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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11
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Hiwa R, Brooks JF, Mueller JL, Nielsen HV, Zikherman J. NR4A nuclear receptors in T and B lymphocytes: Gatekeepers of immune tolerance . Immunol Rev 2022; 307:116-133. [PMID: 35174510 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Random VDJ recombination early in T and B cell development enables the adaptive immune system to recognize a vast array of evolving pathogens via antigen receptors. However, the potential of such randomly generated TCRs and BCRs to recognize and respond to self-antigens requires layers of tolerance mechanisms to mitigate the risk of life-threatening autoimmunity. Since they were originally cloned more than three decades ago, the NR4A family of nuclear hormone receptors have been implicated in many critical aspects of immune tolerance, including negative selection of thymocytes, peripheral T cell tolerance, regulatory T cells (Treg), and most recently in peripheral B cell tolerance. In this review, we discuss important insights from many laboratories as well as our own group into the function and mechanisms by which this small class of primary response genes promotes self-tolerance and immune homeostasis to balance the need for host defense against the inherent risks posed by the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Hiwa
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jeremy F Brooks
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James L Mueller
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hailyn V Nielsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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12
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Abdel-Latif RT, Wadie W, Abdel-mottaleb Y, Abdallah DM, El-Maraghy NN, El-Abhar HS. Reposition of the anti-inflammatory drug diacerein in an in-vivo colorectal cancer model. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 30:72-90. [PMID: 35145347 PMCID: PMC8802128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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13
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di Martino O, Niu H, Hadwiger G, Ferris MA, Welch JS. Cytokine exposure mediates transcriptional activation of the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 in hematopoietic cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101240. [PMID: 34571009 PMCID: PMC8528724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 is an immediate-early response gene that based on tissue and cell context is implicated in a plethora of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism, and inflammation. Nur77 has a ligand-binding pocket that is obstructed by hydrophobic side groups. Naturally occurring, cell-endogenous ligands have not been identified, and Nur77 transcriptional activity is thought to be regulated through posttranslational modification and modulation of protein levels. To determine whether Nur77 is transcriptionally active in hematopoietic cells in vivo, we used an upstream activating sequence (UAS)-GFP transgenic reporter. We found that Nur77 is transcriptionally inactive in vivo in hematopoietic cells under basal conditions, but that activation occurs following cytokine exposure by G-CSF or IL-3. We also identified a series of serine residues required for cytokine-dependent transactivation of Nur77. Moreover, a kinase inhibitor library screen and proximity labeling-based mass spectrometry identified overlapping kinase pathways that physically interacted with Nur77 and whose inhibition abrogated cytokine-induced activation of Nur77. We determined that transcriptional activation of Nur77 by G-CSF or IL-3 requires functional JAK and mTor signaling since their inhibition leads to Nur77 transcriptional inactivation. Thus, intracellular cytokine signaling networks appear to regulate Nur77 transcriptional activity in mouse hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsola di Martino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Haixia Niu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer & Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gayla Hadwiger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Margaret A Ferris
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John S Welch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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14
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Guo H, Golczer G, Wittner BS, Langenbucher A, Zachariah M, Dubash TD, Hong X, Comaills V, Burr R, Ebright RY, Horwitz E, Vuille JA, Hajizadeh S, Wiley DF, Reeves BA, Zhang JM, Niederhoffer KL, Lu C, Wesley B, Ho U, Nieman LT, Toner M, Vasudevan S, Zou L, Mostoslavsky R, Maheswaran S, Lawrence MS, Haber DA. NR4A1 regulates expression of immediate early genes, suppressing replication stress in cancer. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4041-4058.e15. [PMID: 34624217 PMCID: PMC8549465 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of oncogenic signals in cancer triggers replication stress. Immediate early genes (IEGs) are rapidly and transiently expressed following stressful signals, contributing to an integrated response. Here, we find that the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 localizes across the gene body and 3' UTR of IEGs, where it inhibits transcriptional elongation by RNA Pol II, generating R-loops and accessible chromatin domains. Acute replication stress causes immediate dissociation of NR4A1 and a burst of transcriptionally poised IEG expression. Ectopic expression of NR4A1 enhances tumorigenesis by breast cancer cells, while its deletion leads to massive chromosomal instability and proliferative failure, driven by deregulated expression of its IEG target, FOS. Approximately half of breast and other primary cancers exhibit accessible chromatin domains at IEG gene bodies, consistent with this stress-regulatory pathway. Cancers that have retained this mechanism in adapting to oncogenic replication stress may be dependent on NR4A1 for their proliferation.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Binding Sites
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genomic Instability
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immediate-Early Proteins/genetics
- Immediate-Early Proteins/metabolism
- Indoles/pharmacology
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mitosis/drug effects
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/drug effects
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Phenylacetates/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism
- R-Loop Structures
- RNA Polymerase II/genetics
- RNA Polymerase II/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Elongation, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshan Guo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Gabriel Golczer
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ben S Wittner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Xin Hong
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | | | - Risa Burr
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | | | - Elad Horwitz
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanna A Vuille
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Devon F Wiley
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jia-Min Zhang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Chenyue Lu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Wesley
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Uyen Ho
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda T Nieman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Bioengineering in Medicine and Shriners Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shobha Vasudevan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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15
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Gagnon J, Caron V, Gyenizse L, Tremblay A. Atypic SUMOylation of Nor1/NR4A3 regulates neural cell viability and redox sensitivity. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21827. [PMID: 34383980 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100395r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuron-derived orphan receptor 1, NR4A3 (Nor1)/NR4A3 is an orphan nuclear receptor involved in the transcriptional control of developmental and neurological functions. Oxidative stress-induced conditions are primarily associated with neurological defects in humans, yet the impact on Nor1-mediated transcription of neuronal genes remains with unknown mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that Nor1 is a non-conventional target of SUMO2/3 conjugation at Lys-137 contained in an atypic ψKxSP motif referred to as the pSuM. Nor1 pSuM SUMOylation differs from the canonical process with the obligate phosphorylation of Ser-139 by Ras signaling to create the required negatively charged interface for SUMOylation. Additional phosphorylation at sites flanking the pSuM is also mediated by the coordinated action of protein kinase casein kinase 2 to function as a small ubiquitin-like modifier enhancer, regulating Nor1-mediated transcription and proteasomal degradation. Nor1 responsive genes involved in cell proliferation and metabolism, such as activating transcription factor 3, cyclin D1, CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator, and enolase 3 were upregulated in response to pSuM disruption in mouse HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cells and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. We also identified critical antioxidant genes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, and microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2, as responsive targets of Nor1 under pSuM regulation. Nor1 SUMOylation impaired gene transcription through less effective Nor1 chromatin binding and reduced enrichment of histone H3K27ac marks to gene promoters. These effects resulted in decreased neuronal cell growth, increased apoptosis, and reduced survival to oxidative stress damage, underlying the role of pSuM-modified Nor1 in redox homeostasis. Our findings uncover a hierarchical post-translational mechanism that dictates Nor1 non-canonical SUMOylation, disrupting Nor1 transcriptional competence, and neuroprotective redox sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Gagnon
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Véronique Caron
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Gyenizse
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - André Tremblay
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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16
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Phelan DE, Shigemura M, Aldhafiri S, Mota C, Hall TJ, Sznajder JI, Murphy EP, Crean D, Cummins EP. Transcriptional Profiling of Monocytes Deficient in Nuclear Orphan Receptors NR4A2 and NR4A3 Reveals Distinct Signalling Roles Related to Antigen Presentation and Viral Response. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676644. [PMID: 34248958 PMCID: PMC8267906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor sub-family 4 group A (NR4A) family are early response genes that encode proteins that are activated in several tissues/cells in response to a variety of stressors. The NR4A family comprises NR4A1, NR4A2 and NR4A3 of which NR4A2 and NR4A3 are under researched and less understood, particularly in the context of immune cells. NR4A expression is associated with multiple diseases e.g. arthritis and atherosclerosis and the development of NR4A-targetting molecules as therapeutics is a current focus in this research field. Here, we use a combination of RNA-sequencing coupled with strategic bioinformatic analysis to investigate the down-stream effects of NR4A2 and NR4A3 in monocytes and dissect their common and distinct signalling roles. Our data reveals that NR4A2 and NR4A3 depletion has a robust and broad-reaching effect on transcription in both the unstimulated state and in the presence of LPS. Interestingly, many of the genes affected were present in both the unstimulated and stimulated states revealing a previously unappreciated role for the NR4As in unstimulated cells. Strategic clustering and bioinformatic analysis identified both distinct and common transcriptional roles for NR4A2 and NR4A3 in monocytes. NR4A2 notably was linked by both bioinformatic clustering analysis and transcription factor interactome analysis to pathways associated with antigen presentation and regulation of MHC genes. NR4A3 in contrast was more closely linked to pathways associated with viral response. Functional studies further support our data analysis pointing towards preferential/selective roles for NR4A2 in the regulation of antigen processing with common roles for NR4A2 and NR4A3 evident with respect to cell migration. Taken together this study provides novel mechanistic insights into the role of the enigmatic nuclear receptors NR4A2 and NR4A3 in monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Phelan
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Masahiko Shigemura
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sarah Aldhafiri
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Animal Genomics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catarina Mota
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas J Hall
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Evelyn P Murphy
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Daniel Crean
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Animal Genomics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin P Cummins
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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17
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β-glucan from Lentinus edodes inhibits breast cancer progression via the Nur77/HIF-1α axis. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:227063. [PMID: 33245358 PMCID: PMC7736624 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: β-glucan from Lentinus edodes (LNT) is a plant-derived medicinal fungus possessing significant bioactivities on anti-tumor. Both hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF)-1α and Nur77 have been shown to be involved in the development of breast cancer. However, there is yet no proof of Nur77/HIF-1α involvement in the process of LNT-mediated tumor-inhibition effect. Methods: Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Hematoxylin–Eosin staining were used to investigate tumor growth and metastasis in MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice. Proliferation and metastasis-associated molecules were determined by Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Hypoxic cellular model was established under the exposure of CoCl2. Small interference RNA was transfected using Lipofectamine reagent. The ubiquitin proteasome pathway was blunted by adding the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Results: LNT inhibited the growth of breast tumors and the development of lung metastases from breast cancer, accompanied by a decreased expression of HIF-1α in the tumor tissues. In in vitro experiments, hypoxia induced the expression of HIF-1α and Nur77 in breast cancer cells, while LNT addition down-regulated HIF-1α expression in an oxygen-free environment, and this process was in a manner of Nur77 dependent. Mechanistically, LNT evoked the down-regulation of HIF-1α involved the Nur77-mediated ubiquitin proteasome pathway. A strong positive correlation between Nur77 and HIF-1α expression in human breast cancer specimens was also confirmed. Conclusion: Therefore, LNT appears to inhibit the progression of breast cancer partly through the Nur77/HIF-1α signaling axis. The findings of the present study may provide a theoretical basis for targeting HIFs in the treatment of breast cancer.
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18
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NR4A nuclear receptors restrain B cell responses to antigen when second signals are absent or limiting. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1267-1279. [PMID: 32868928 PMCID: PMC8081071 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antigen stimulation (signal 1) triggers B cell proliferation, and primes B cells to recruit, engage, and respond to T cell help (signal 2). Failure to receive signal 2 within a defined time window results in B cell apoptosis, yet the mechanisms that enforce dependence upon co-stimulation are incompletely understood. Nr4a1-3 encode a small family of orphan nuclear receptors that are rapidly induced by B cell antigen receptor (BCR) stimulation. Here we showed that Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 play partially redundant roles to restrain B cell responses to antigen in the absence of co-stimulation, and do so in part by repressing expression of BATF and consequently MYC. The NR4A family also restrains B cell access to T cell help by repressing expression of the T cell chemokines CCL3 and CCL4, as well as CD86 and ICAM1. Such NR4A-mediated regulation plays a role specifically under conditions of competition for limiting T cell help.
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19
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Odagiu L, May J, Boulet S, Baldwin TA, Labrecque N. Role of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor NR4A Family in T-Cell Biology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:624122. [PMID: 33597928 PMCID: PMC7883379 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.624122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear orphan receptors NR4A1, NR4A2, and NR4A3 are immediate early genes that are induced by various signals. They act as transcription factors and their activity is not regulated by ligand binding and are thus regulated via their expression levels. Their expression is transiently induced in T cells by triggering of the T cell receptor following antigen recognition during both thymic differentiation and peripheral T cell responses. In this review, we will discuss how NR4A family members impact different aspects of the life of a T cell from thymic differentiation to peripheral response against infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Odagiu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia May
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Salix Boulet
- Laboratory of Immunology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Troy A. Baldwin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Troy A. Baldwin, ; Nathalie Labrecque,
| | - Nathalie Labrecque
- Laboratory of Immunology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Troy A. Baldwin, ; Nathalie Labrecque,
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20
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Banno A, Lakshmi SP, Reddy AT, Kim SC, Reddy RC. Key Functions and Therapeutic Prospects of Nur77 in Inflammation Related Lung Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 189:482-491. [PMID: 30414411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nur77 belongs to the NR4A subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. It features an atypical ligand-binding site that precludes canonical ligand binding, leading to the designation orphan nuclear receptor. However, recent studies show that small molecules can interact with the receptor and modulate its activity by inducing a conformational change in the Nur77 ligand-binding site. Nur77 expression and activation are rapidly induced by various physiological and pathologic stimuli. Once expressed, Nur77 initiates transcriptional activity and modulates expression of its target genes. Both in vitro and in vivo evidence shows that Nur77 dampens the immune response to proinflammatory stimuli, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, Toll-like receptor ligands, and oxidized lipids, primarily by suppressing NF-κB signaling. Although studies focusing on Nur77's role in lung pathophysiology are currently incomplete, available data support its involvement in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, including asthma, acute lung injury, and pulmonary fibrosis, and thus suggest a therapeutic potential for Nur77 activation in these diseases. This review addresses the mechanisms that control Nur77 as well as its known roles in inflammation-related lung diseases. Evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of Nur77-targeting molecules will also be presented. Although current knowledge is limited, additional research followed by clinical studies may firmly identify Nur77 as a pharmacologic target for inflammation-related lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asoka Banno
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sowmya P Lakshmi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aravind T Reddy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Seong C Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Raju C Reddy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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21
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Huang B, Pei HZ, Chang HW, Baek SH. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Trim13 regulates Nur77 stability via casein kinase 2α. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13895. [PMID: 30224829 PMCID: PMC6141542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nur77 is a member of the NR4A subfamily of nuclear receptors and has been shown to regulate various biological processes such as apoptosis and inflammation. Here, we show that Nur77 ubiquitination is mediated by the tripartite motif 13 (Trim13), a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. The interaction between Nur77 and Trim13 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Moreover, we found that Lys539 in Nur77 ubiquitination is targeted for Trim13, which leads to Nur77 degradation. The Trim13-mediated ubiquitination of Nur77 was optimal in the presence of the E2 enzyme UbcH5. Importantly, in addition to Trim13-mediated ubiquitination, the stability of Nur77 was also regulated by casein kinase 2α (CK2α). Pharmacological inhibition of CK2 markedly increased Nur77 levels, whereas overexpression of CK2α, but not its inactive mutant, dramatically decreased Nur77 levels by promoting Nur77 ubiquitination. CK2α phosphorylated Ser154 in Nur77 and thereby regulated Nur77 protein levels by promoting its ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Importantly, we also show that degradation of Nur77 is involved in TNFα-mediated IL-6 production via CK2α and Trim13. Taken together, these results suggest that the sequential phosphorylation and ubiquitination of Nur77 controls its degradation, and provide a therapeutic approach for regulating Nur77 activity through the CK2α-Trim13 axis as a mechanism to control the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Han Zhong Pei
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyeun-Wook Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea.
| | - Suk-Hwan Baek
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea.
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22
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Wang J, Zhang J, Xu L, Zheng Y, Ling D, Yang Z. Expression of HNF4G and its potential functions in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:18018-18028. [PMID: 29719587 PMCID: PMC5915054 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma (HNF4G), a member of orphan nuclear receptors, is up-regulated and functions as an oncoprotein in bladder cancer. In the present study, we observed that HNF4G expression was elevated in lung cancer tissues as compared to adjacent normal lung tissues. The expression of HNF4G protein was correlated with the tumor size and the prognosis of patients. Transfection with a small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting HNF4G in two lung cancer cell lines (H358 and H292 cells) significantly inhibited cell proliferation via arresting cells at G1 phase and inducing cell apoptosis. In addition, HNF4G siRNA reduced cell proliferation in a xenograft tumor-bearing model. Moreover, A549 cells, which had relative lower level of HNF4G, were ectopic expressed with HNF4G and treated with an AKT inhibitor (MK-2206). MK-2206 exposure not only attenuated the promoting effects of HNF4G overexpression on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, but also suppressed the inhibitory effects of HNF4G overexpression on cell apoptosis. These data suggested that AKT signaling pathway was a potential upstream mediator of HNF4G. Collectively, our data indicate that HNF4G exerts as an oncogenic role in lung cancer by promoting cell proliferation and that HNF4G expression is a potential prognosis factor for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Chest Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Longsheng Xu
- Department of Central laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Central laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Danyan Ling
- Department of Cell Division, Shanghai Emay Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- Department of Oncology (04-F-14), The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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23
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Zhang L, Xie F, Zhang J, Dijke PT, Zhou F. SUMO-triggered ubiquitination of NR4A1 controls macrophage cell death. Cell Death Differ 2017. [PMID: 28622293 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor NR4A1 has been implicated as a key regulator in a wide range of pathophysiological responses. As an immediate early response gene, NR4A1 can be rapidly and potently induced by a variety of stimuli. Its induction is followed by its rapid degradation, but the mechanism by which NR4A1 is degraded remains poorly understood. Here we show that nuclear receptor NR4A1 is sumoylated by SUMO2/3. Upon poly-SUMO modification, NR4A1 can be targeted by the SUMO-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF4 for polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation. The SUMO E3 ligase PIAS3 promotes SUMOylation and polyubiquitination of NR4A1, while the SUMO protease SENP1 acts to de-conjugate SUMO. We demonstrate that this pathway is important for rapid degradation of NR4A1 after induced by stress. Moreover, we identify two SUMO modification sites in NR4A1 that are critical for maintaining low levels of NR4A1 expression. Mutation of these two NR4A1 SUMO modification sites enhances the stability of NR4A1. Importantly, we show that SUMOylation is critical in controlling NR4A1 function in inflammatory cytokine signaling and controlling macrophage cell death. SUMOylation and subsequent ubiquitination on NR4A1 mitigates its inhibition of innate immune signaling, such as TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation. This mechanism of sequential SUMOylation and ubiquitination, which together control the degradation of NR4A1, could be exploited for the therapeutic treatment of diseases with NR4A1 involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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24
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Rehman SU, Sarwar T, Husain MA, Ishqi HM, Tabish M. Identification of two novel isoforms of mouse NUR77 lacking N-terminal domains. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:106-114. [PMID: 28111880 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nur77 is a member of nuclear receptor superfamily that acts as a transcription factor and regulates expression of multiple genes. Subcellular localization of Nur77 protein plays an important role in the survival and cell death. In this study, we have predicted and confirmed alternatively spliced two new transcripts of Nur77 gene in mouse. The newly identified transcripts have their alternatively spliced first exon located upstream of published 5'-UTR of the gene. Transcription factor binding sites in the possible promoter regions of these transcripts were also analyzed. Expression of novel transcript variants was found to be significantly lower than the already published transcript. New transcript variants encode for NUR77 protein isoforms which are significantly smaller in size due to lack of transactivation domain and a part of DNA binding domain. Western blot analysis using NUR77 specific antibody confirmed the existence of these smaller variants in mouse. Localization of these new isoforms was predicted to be majorly outside the nucleus. In silico analysis of the conceptually translated proteins was performed using different bioinformatics tools. The results obtained in this study offer further insight into novel area of research on extensively studied Nur77. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(2):106-114, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeed Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M. University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tarique Sarwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M. University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed Amir Husain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M. University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Hassan Mubarak Ishqi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M. University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Tabish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M. University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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25
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Rodríguez-Calvo R, Tajes M, Vázquez-Carrera M. The NR4A subfamily of nuclear receptors: potential new therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:291-304. [PMID: 28055275 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1279146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prolonged inflammatory response contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic disease-related disturbances. Among nuclear receptors (NRs), the orphan NR4A subfamily, which includes Nur77 (NR4A1), Nurr1 (NR4A2) and NOR1 (NR4A3), has recently emerged as a therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammation. Areas covered: This review focuses on the capacity of NR4A receptors to counter-regulate the development of the inflammatory response, with a special focus on the molecular transrepression mechanisms. Expert opinion: Recent studies have highlighted the role of NR4A receptors as significant regulators of the inflammatory response. NR4A receptors are rapidly induced by inflammatory stimuli, thus suggesting that they are required for the initiation of inflammation. Nevertheless, NR4A anti-inflammatory properties indicate that this acute regulation could be a protective reaction aimed at resolving inflammation in the later stages. Therefore, NR4A receptors are involved in a negative feedback mechanism to maintain the inflammatory balance. However, the underlying mechanisms are not entirely clear. Only a small number of NR4A-target genes have been identified, and the transcriptional repression mechanisms are only beginning to emerge. Despite further research is needed to fully understand the role of NR4A receptors in inflammation, these NRs should be considered as targets for new therapeutic approaches to inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodríguez-Calvo
- a Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV) and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Rovira i Virgili University , Reus , Spain
| | - Marta Tajes
- b Heart Diseases Biomedical Research Group, Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders Program , Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- c Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Faculty of Pharmacy, Diagonal 643 , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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26
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Delgado E, Boisen MM, Laskey R, Chen R, Song C, Sallit J, Yochum ZA, Andersen CL, Sikora MJ, Wagner J, Safe S, Elishaev E, Lee A, Edwards RP, Haluska P, Tseng G, Schurdak M, Oesterreich S. High expression of orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 in a subset of ovarian tumors with worse outcome. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 141:348-356. [PMID: 26946093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nuclear receptors (NRs) play a vital role in the development and progression of several cancers including breast and prostate. Using TCGA data, we sought to identify critical nuclear receptors in high grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) and to confirm these findings using in vitro approaches. METHODS In silico analysis of TCGA data was performed to identify relevant NRs in HGSOC. Ovarian cancer cell lines were screened for NR expression and functional studies were performed to determine the significance of these NRs in ovarian cancers. NR expression was analyzed in ovarian cancer tissue samples using immunohistochemistry to identify correlations with histology and stage of disease. RESULTS The NR4A family of NRs was identified as a potential driver of ovarian cancer pathogenesis. Overexpression of NR4A1 in particular correlated with worse progression free survival. Endogenous expression of NR4A1 in normal ovarian samples was relatively high compared to that of other tissue types, suggesting a unique role for this orphan receptor in the ovary. Expression of NR4A1 in HGSOC cell lines as well as in patient samples was variable. NR4A1 primarily localized to the nucleus in normal ovarian tissue while co-localization within the cytoplasm and nucleus was noted in ovarian cancer cell lines and patient tissues. CONCLUSIONS NR4A1 is highly expressed in a subset of HGSOC samples from patients that have a worse progression free survival. Studies to target NR4A1 for therapeutic intervention should include HGSOC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Genome
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/genetics
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/biosynthesis
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Delgado
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michelle M Boisen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Robin Laskey
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chi Song
- Department of Biostatistics and Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Zachary A Yochum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Courtney L Andersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Womens Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Matthew J Sikora
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Womens Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacob Wagner
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Esther Elishaev
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adrian Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Womens Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul Haluska
- Department of Oncology and Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - George Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics and Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark Schurdak
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Womens Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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27
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López C, Bergmann AK, Paul U, Murga Penas EM, Nagel I, Betts MJ, Johansson P, Ritgen M, Baumann T, Aymerich M, Jayne S, Russell RB, Campo E, Dyer MJS, Dürig J, Siebert R. Genes encoding members of the JAK-STAT pathway or epigenetic regulators are recurrently mutated in T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2016; 173:265-73. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina López
- Institute for Human Genetics; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig Holstein; Kiel Germany
| | - Anke K. Bergmann
- Institute for Human Genetics; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig Holstein; Kiel Germany
- Department of Paediatrics; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig Holstein; Kiel Germany
| | - Ulrike Paul
- Institute for Human Genetics; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig Holstein; Kiel Germany
| | - Eva M. Murga Penas
- Institute for Human Genetics; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig Holstein; Kiel Germany
| | - Inga Nagel
- Institute for Human Genetics; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig Holstein; Kiel Germany
| | - Matthew J. Betts
- Cell Networks; Bioquant; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Patricia Johansson
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital Essen; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research); University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - Matthias Ritgen
- Second Department of Medicine; University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein; Kiel Germany
| | - Tycho Baumann
- Department of Haematology; Hospital Clínic; Institut d′Investigaciones Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Barcelona Spain
| | - Marta Aymerich
- Haematopathology Unit; Hospital Clínic; Institut d′Investigaciones Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS); University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Sandrine Jayne
- Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - Robert B. Russell
- Cell Networks; Bioquant; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Elias Campo
- Haematopathology Unit; Hospital Clínic; Institut d′Investigaciones Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS); University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Martin JS Dyer
- Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - Jan Dürig
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital Essen; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute for Human Genetics; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig Holstein; Kiel Germany
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28
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Van Roey K, Davey NE. Motif co-regulation and co-operativity are common mechanisms in transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation. Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:45. [PMID: 26626130 PMCID: PMC4666095 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A substantial portion of the regulatory interactions in the higher eukaryotic cell are mediated by simple sequence motifs in the regulatory segments of genes and (pre-)mRNAs, and in the intrinsically disordered regions of proteins. Although these regulatory modules are physicochemically distinct, they share an evolutionary plasticity that has facilitated a rapid growth of their use and resulted in their ubiquity in complex organisms. The ease of motif acquisition simplifies access to basal housekeeping functions, facilitates the co-regulation of multiple biomolecules allowing them to respond in a coordinated manner to changes in the cell state, and supports the integration of multiple signals for combinatorial decision-making. Consequently, motifs are indispensable for temporal, spatial, conditional and basal regulation at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational level. In this review, we highlight that many of the key regulatory pathways of the cell are recruited by motifs and that the ease of motif acquisition has resulted in large networks of co-regulated biomolecules. We discuss how co-operativity allows simple static motifs to perform the conditional regulation that underlies decision-making in higher eukaryotic biological systems. We observe that each gene and its products have a unique set of DNA, RNA or protein motifs that encode a regulatory program to define the logical circuitry that guides the life cycle of these biomolecules, from transcription to degradation. Finally, we contrast the regulatory properties of protein motifs and the regulatory elements of DNA and (pre-)mRNAs, advocating that co-regulation, co-operativity, and motif-driven regulatory programs are common mechanisms that emerge from the use of simple, evolutionarily plastic regulatory modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Van Roey
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Health Services Research Unit, Operational Direction Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Norman E Davey
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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29
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Agostini-Dreyer A, Jetzt AE, Stires H, Cohick WS. Endogenous IGFBP-3 Mediates Intrinsic Apoptosis Through Modulation of Nur77 Phosphorylation and Nuclear Export. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4141-51. [PMID: 26340041 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In nontransformed bovine mammary epithelial cells, the intrinsic apoptosis inducer anisomycin (ANS) induces IGFBP-3 expression and nuclear localization and knockdown of IGFBP-3 attenuates ANS-induced apoptosis. Others have shown in prostate cancer cells that exogenous IGFBP-3 induces apoptosis by facilitating nuclear export of the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 and its binding partner, retinoid X receptor-α (RXRα). The goal of the present work was to determine whether endogenous IGFBP-3 plays a role in ANS-induced apoptosis by facilitating nuclear transport of Nur77 and/or RXRα in nontransformed cells. Knockdown of Nur77 with siRNA decreased ANS-induced cleavage of caspase-3 and -7 and their downstream target, PARP, indicating a role for Nur77 in ANS-induced apoptosis. In cells transfected with IGFBP-3, IGFBP-3 associated with RXRα but not Nur77 under basal conditions, however, IGFBP-3 co-precipitated with phosphorylated forms of both proteins in ANS-treated cells. Indirect immunofluorescence and cell fractionation techniques showed that ANS induced phosphorylation and transport of Nur77 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and these effects were attenuated by knockdown of IGFBP-3. These data suggest that endogenous IGFBP-3 plays a role in intrinsic apoptosis by facilitating phosphorylation and nuclear export of Nur77 to the cytoplasm where it exerts its apoptotic effect. Whether this mechanism involves a physical association between endogenous IGFBP-3 and Nur77 or RXRα remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Agostini-Dreyer
- Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (A.A.-D., W.S.C.), Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers (A.E.J., W.S.C.), and Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences (H.S., W.S.C.), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520
| | - Amanda E Jetzt
- Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (A.A.-D., W.S.C.), Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers (A.E.J., W.S.C.), and Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences (H.S., W.S.C.), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520
| | - Hillary Stires
- Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (A.A.-D., W.S.C.), Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers (A.E.J., W.S.C.), and Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences (H.S., W.S.C.), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520
| | - Wendie S Cohick
- Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (A.A.-D., W.S.C.), Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers (A.E.J., W.S.C.), and Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences (H.S., W.S.C.), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520
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30
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Nur77 is involved in graft infiltrating T lymphocyte apoptosis in rat cardiac transplantation model. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:633-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Wang WJ, Wang Y, Hou PP, Li FW, Zhou B, Chen HZ, Bian XL, Cai QX, Xing YZ, He JP, Zhang H, Huang PQ, Lin T, Wu Q. Induction of Autophagic Death in Cancer Cells by Agonizing TR3 and Attenuating Akt2 Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:1040-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Ma W, Zhao R, Yang R, Liu B, Chen X, Wu L, Qi H. Nuclear receptors of the NR4a family are not required for the development and function of follicular T helper cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:841-5. [PMID: 25899083 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells promote germinal center (GC) reaction and high-affinity antibody production. The molecular mechanisms that regulate development and function of Tfh cells are not fully understood. Here we report that ligand-independent nuclear receptors of the Nr4a family are highly expressed in Tfh cells. In a well-established adoptive transfer model, enforced expression of Nr4a receptors reduces helper T cell expansion but apparently increased the T cell capacity to promote the GC response. On the other hand, deletion of all Nr4a receptors in T cells did not significantly affect expansion or differentiation of Tfh cells or the development of GC reaction. These findings suggest that Nr4a receptors may promote but are not necessary for Tfh development or function in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Germinal Center
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/immunology
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Ma
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Ruozhu Zhao
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Runqing Yang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Longyan Wu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hai Qi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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The interplay of NR4A receptors and the oncogene-tumor suppressor networks in cancer. Cell Signal 2014; 27:257-66. [PMID: 25446259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor (NR) subfamily 4 group A (NR4A) is a family of three highly homologous orphan nuclear receptors that have multiple physiological and pathological roles, including some in cancer. These NRs are reportedly dysregulated in multiple cancer types, with many studies demonstrating pro-oncogenic roles for NR4A1 (Nur77) and NR4A2 (Nurr1). Additionally, NR4A1 and NR4A3 (Nor-1) are described as tumor suppressors in leukemia. The dysregulation and functions of the NR4A members are due to many factors, including transcriptional regulation, protein-protein interactions, and post-translational modifications. These various levels of intracellular regulation result from the signaling cross-talk of the NR4A members with various signaling pathways, many of which are relevant to cancer and likely explain the family members' functions in oncogenesis and tumor suppression. In this review, we discuss the multiple functions of the NR4A receptors in cancer and summarize a growing body of scientific literature that describes the interconnectedness of the NR4A receptors with various oncogene and tumor suppressor pathways.
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NR4A nuclear receptors are orphans but not lonesome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2543-2555. [PMID: 24975497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The NR4A subfamily of nuclear receptors consists of three mammalian members: Nur77, Nurr1, and NOR-1. The NR4A receptors are involved in essential physiological processes such as adaptive and innate immune cell differentiation, metabolism and brain function. They act as transcription factors that directly modulate gene expression, but can also form trans-repressive complexes with other transcription factors. In contrast to steroid hormone nuclear receptors such as the estrogen receptor or the glucocorticoid receptor, no ligands have been described for the NR4A receptors. This lack of known ligands might be explained by the structure of the ligand-binding domain of NR4A receptors, which shows an active conformation and a ligand-binding pocket that is filled with bulky amino acid side-chains. Other mechanisms, such as transcriptional control, post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions therefore seem to be more important in regulating the activity of the NR4A receptors. For Nur77, over 80 interacting proteins (the interactome) have been identified so far, and roughly half of these interactions has been studied in more detail. Although the NR4As show some overlap in interacting proteins, less information is available on the interactome of Nurr1 and NOR-1. Therefore, the present review will describe the current knowledge on the interactomes of all three NR4A nuclear receptors with emphasis on Nur77.
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Thorne JL, Campbell MJ. Nuclear receptors and the Warburg effect in cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:1519-27. [PMID: 24895240 PMCID: PMC4790452 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In 1927 Otto Warburg established that tumours derive energy primarily from the conversion of glucose to lactic acid and only partially through cellular respiration involving oxygen. In the 1950s he proposed that all causes of cancer reflected different mechanisms of disabling cellular respiration in favour of fermentation (now termed aerobic glycolysis). The role of aberrant glucose metabolism in cancer is now firmly established. The shift away from oxidative phosphorylation towards the metabolically expensive aerobic glycolysis is somewhat counter-intuitive given its wasteful nature. Multiple control processes are in place to maintain cellular efficiency and it is likely that these mechanisms are disrupted to facilitate the shift to the reliance on aerobic glycolysis. One such process of cell control is mediated by the nuclear receptor superfamily. This large family of transcription factors plays a significant role in sensing environmental cues and controlling decisions on proliferation, differentiation and cell death for example, to regulate glucose uptake and metabolism and to modulate the actions of oncogenes and tumour suppressors. In this review we highlight mechanisms by which nuclear receptors actions are altered during tumorigenic transformation and can serve to enhance the shift to aerobic glycolysis. At the simplest level, a basic alteration in NR behaviour can serve to enhance glycolytic flux thus providing a basis for enhanced survival within the tumour micro-environment. Ameliorating the enhanced NR activity in this context may help to sensitize cancer cells to Warburg targeted therapies and may provide future drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Thorne
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Moray J Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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Zhu W, Pei R, Jin R, Hu X, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Wu C, Lu M, Chen X. Nuclear receptor 4 group A member 1 determines hepatitis C virus entry efficiency through the regulation of cellular receptor and apolipoprotein E expression. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:1510-1521. [PMID: 24744301 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.065003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Orphan nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) is a transcription factor stimulated by many factors and plays pivotal roles in metabolism, proliferation and apoptosis. In this study, the expression of NR4A1 in Huh7.5.1 cells was significantly upregulated by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The silencing of NR4A1 inhibited the entry of HCV and reduced the specific infectivity of secreted HCV particles but had only minor or no effect on the genome replication and translation, virion assembly and virus release steps of the virus life cycle. Further experiments demonstrated that the silencing of NR4A1 affected virus entry through pan-downregulation of the expression of HCV receptors scavenger receptor BI, occludin, claudin-1 and epidermal growth factor receptor but not CD81. The reduced specific infectivity of HCV in the knockdown cells was due to decreased apolipoprotein E (ApoE) expression. These results explain the delayed spread of HCV in NR4A1 knockdown Huh7.5.1 cells. Thus, NR4A1 plays a role in HCV replication through regulating the expression of HCV receptors and ApoE, and facilitates HCV entry and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Rongjuan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Rui Jin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chunchen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xinwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
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Dai Y, Zhang W, Sun Q, Zhang X, Zhou X, Hu Y, Shi J. Nuclear receptor nur77 promotes cerebral cell apoptosis and induces early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1110-21. [PMID: 24737679 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nur77 is a potent proapoptotic member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is expressed predominantly in brain tissue. It has been demonstrated that Nur77 mediates apoptosis in multiple organs. Nur77-mediated early brain injury (EBI) involves a conformational change in BCL-2 and triggers cytochrome C (cytoC) release resulting in cellular apoptosis. This study investigates whether Nur77 can promote cerebral cell apoptosis after experimentally induced subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups: 1) untreated group, 2) treatment control group, and 3) SAH group. The experimental SAH group was divided into four subgroups, corresponding to 12 hr, 24 hr, 48 hr, and 72 hr after experimentally induced SAH. It remains unclear whether Nur77 can play an important role during EBI after SAH as a proapoptotic protein in cerebral cells. Cytosporone B (Csn-B) was used to demonstrate that Nur77 could be enriched and used to aggravate EBI after SAH. Rats treated with Csn-B were given an intraperitoneal injection (13 mg/kg) 30 min after experimentally induced SAH. We found that Nur77 promotes cerebral cell apoptosis by mediating EBI and triggering a conformational change in BCL-2, resulting in cytoC release. Nur77 activity, along with cerebral cell apoptosis, peaked at 24 hr after SAH onset. After induction of SAH, an injection of Csn-B, an agonist for Nur77, enhanced the expression and function of Nur77. In summary, we have demonstrated the proapoptotic effect of Nur77 within cerebral cells, an effect that can be further exacerbated with Csn-B stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Dai
- Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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38
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Teng HF, Li PN, Hou DR, Liu SW, Lin CT, Loo MR, Kao CH, Lin KH, Chen SL. Valproic acid enhances Oct4 promoter activity through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activated nuclear receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 383:147-58. [PMID: 24361750 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) has been shown to increase the reprogramming efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from somatic cells, but the mechanism by which VPA enhances iPSC induction has not been defined. Here we demonstrated that VPA directly activated Oct4 promoter activity through activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway that targeted the proximal hormone response element (HRE, -41∼-22) in this promoter. The activating effect of VPA is highly specific as similar compounds or constitutional isomers failed to instigate Oct4 promoter activity. We further demonstrated that the upstream 2 half-sites in this HRE were essential to the activating effect of VPA and they were targeted by a subset of nuclear receptors, such as COUP-TFII and TR2. These findings show the first time that NRs are implicated in the VPA stimulated expression of stem cell-specific factors and should invite more investigation on the cooperation between VPA and NRs on iPSC induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fang Teng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
| | - Pei Ning Li
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
| | - Duen Ren Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
| | - Sin Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Tao Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
| | - Moo Rung Loo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chien Han Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
| | - Kwang Huei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shen Liang Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan.
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Dai Y, Sun Q, Zhang X, Hu Y, Zhou M, Shi J. Cyclosporin A ameliorates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage through inhibition of a Nur77 dependent apoptosis pathway. Brain Res 2014; 1556:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Georgakis GV, Younes A. From Rapa Nui to rapamycin: targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR for cancer therapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 6:131-40. [PMID: 16375650 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.6.1.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One of the most prominent pathways explored in the area of targeted therapy is the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which plays a central role in cell survival and proliferation. Deregulation of this pathway has been implicated in the promotion of cancer cell growth and survival. Inhibition of several steps of this pathway has been shown to confer favorable antitumor activity in a variety of cancer types. This article provides a brief analysis of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, its importance in tumor pathogenesis and the current status of preclinical and clinical studies targeting signaling components of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios V Georgakis
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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41
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Kfir-Erenfeld S, Yefenof E. Non-genomic events determining the sensitivity of hemopoietic malignancies to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:37-43. [PMID: 24072402 PMCID: PMC11028523 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones have been introduced as therapeutic agents in blood cancers six decades ago. The effectiveness of GC treatment stems from its ability to induce apoptotic death of hemopoietic cells. A major impediment in GC therapy is the acquisition of resistance to the drug upon repeated treatment. In addition, some blood cancers are a priori resistant to GC therapy. Usually, resistance to GC correlates with poor prognosis. Albeit the wide use of GC in clinical practice, their mode of action is not fully understood. The cellular response to GC is initiated by its binding to the cytosolic GC receptor (GR) that translocates to the nucleus and modulates gene expression. However, nuclear activities of GR occur in both apoptosis-sensitive and apoptosis-resistant cells. These apparent controversies can be resolved by deciphering non-genomic effects of GCs and the mode by which they modulate the apoptotic response. We suggest that non-genomic consequences of GC stimulation determine the cell fate toward survival or death. Understanding the cellular mechanisms of GC apoptotic sensitivity contributes to the development of new modalities for overcoming GC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Kfir-Erenfeld
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, POB: 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel,
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Hashimoto M, Suizu F, Tokuyama W, Noguchi H, Hirata N, Matsuda-Lennikov M, Edamura T, Masuzawa M, Gotoh N, Tanaka S, Noguchi M. Protooncogene TCL1b functions as an Akt kinase co-activator that exhibits oncogenic potency in vivo. Oncogenesis 2013; 2:e70. [PMID: 24042734 PMCID: PMC3816220 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2013.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protooncogene T-cell leukemia 1 (TCL1), which is implicated in human T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL), interacts with Akt and enhances its kinase activity, functioning as an Akt kinase co-activator. Two major isoforms of TCL1 Protooncogenes (TCL1 and TCL1b) are present adjacent to each other on human chromosome 14q.32. In human T-PLL, both TCL1 and TCL1b are activated by chromosomal translocation. Moreover, TCL1b-transgenic mice have never been created. Therefore, it remains unclear whether TCL1b itself, independent of TCL1, exhibits oncogenicity. In co-immunoprecipitation assays, both ectopic and endogenous TCL1b interacted with Akt. In in vitro Akt kinase assays, TCL1b enhanced Akt kinase activity in dose- and time-dependent manners. Bioinformatics approaches utilizing multiregression analysis, cluster analysis, KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway mapping, Venn diagrams and Gene Ontology (GO) demonstrated that TCL1b showed highly homologous gene-induction signatures similar to Myr-Akt or TCL1. TCL1b exhibited oncogenicity in in vitro colony-transformation assay. Further, two independent lines of β-actin promoter-driven TCL1b-transgenic mice developed angiosarcoma on the intestinal tract. Angiosarcoma is a rare form of cancer in humans with poor prognosis. Using immunohistochemistry, 11 out of 13 human angiosarcoma samples were positively stained with both anti-TCL1b and anti-phospho-Akt antibodies. Consistently, in various cancer tissues, 69 out of 146 samples were positively stained with anti-TCL1b, out of which 46 were positively stained with anti-phospho-Akt antibodies. Moreover, TCL1b structure-based inhibitor 'TCL1b-Akt-in' inhibited Akt kinase activity in in vitro kinase assays and PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)-induced Akt kinase activities-in turn, 'TCL1b-Akt-in' inhibited cellular proliferation of sarcoma. The current study disclosed TCL1b bears oncogenicity and hence serves as a novel therapeutic target for human neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hashimoto
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Hu YW, Zheng L, Wang Q, Zhong TY, Yu X, Bao J, Cao NN, Li B, Si-Tu B. Vascular endothelial growth factor downregulates apolipoprotein M expression by inhibiting Foxa2 in a Nur77-dependent manner. Rejuvenation Res 2013; 15:423-34. [PMID: 22877565 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2011.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) influences apolipoprotein M (ApoM) expression and pre-β-high-density lipoprotin (HDL) formation, and whether forkhead box A2 (Foxa2) and Nur77 are involved in this process. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed the serum VEGF concentrations of 264 adults who underwent a medical checkup and found that VEGF concentration was positively correlated with serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and ApoB concentrations, but was negatively correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and ApoM concentrations. We further investigated the effects of VEGF on ApoM expression and pre-β-HDL formation, and the mechanisms responsible, in HepG2 cells and mouse primary hepatocytes. VEGF markedly downregulated ApoM expression and pre-β-HDL formation. At the same time, expression of Foxa2 was also inhibited, whereas expression of Nur77 was increased by treatment with VEGF. Furthermore, small interfering (si) RNA knockdown of Foxa2 made the downregulation of VEGF on ApoM expression and pre-β-HDL formation even more obvious. In addition, siRNA knockdown of Nur77 significantly compensated for the inhibitory effect of VEGF on Foxa2 expression, whereas the Nur77 agonist cytosporone B led to the downregulation of Foxa2 expression more significantly than VEGF. Moreover, overexpression of a Nur77 transgene in C57BL/6 mice resulted in decreased serum ApoM and pre-β-HDL levels, whereas si-Nur77-treated mice displayed upregulated serum ApoM and pre-β-HDL levels. CONCLUSION These results provide evidence that VEGF may first downregulate expression of Foxa2 by enhancing Nur77 activity and then decrease expression of ApoM and pre-β-HDL formation. Therefore, our study may be useful in understanding the critical effect of VEGF in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wei Hu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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PKA/Smurf1 signaling-mediated stabilization of Nur77 is required for anticancer drug cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Oncogene 2013; 33:1629-39. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Balasubramanian S, Kota SK, Kuchroo VK, Humphreys BD, Strom TB. TIM family proteins promote the lysosomal degradation of the nuclear receptor NUR77. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra90. [PMID: 23233528 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) proteins are cell-surface signaling receptors in T cells and scavenger receptors in antigen-presenting cells and kidney tubular epithelia. Here, we demonstrated a function for TIM proteins in mediating the degradation of NUR77, a nuclear receptor implicated in apoptosis and cell survival. TIM proteins interacted with and mediated the lysosomal degradation of NUR77 in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent pathway. We also showed dynamic cycling of TIM-1 to and from the cell surface through clathrin-dependent constitutive endocytosis. Blocking this process or mutating the phosphatidylserine-binding pocket in TIM-1 abrogated TIM-1-mediated degradation of NUR77. In an in vitro model of kidney injury, silencing TIM-1 increased NUR77 abundance and decreased epithelial cell survival. These results show that TIM proteins may affect immune cell function and the response of the kidney to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savithri Balasubramanian
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, The Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Murphy SR, Schelegle ES, Edwards PC, Miller LA, Hyde DM, Van Winkle LS. Postnatal exposure history and airways: oxidant stress responses in airway explants. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:815-23. [PMID: 22962062 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0110oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatally, the lung continues to grow and differentiate while interacting with the environment. Exposure to ozone (O(3)) and allergens during postnatal lung development alters structural elements of conducting airways, including innervation and neurokinin abundance. These changes have been linked with development of asthma in a rhesus monkey model. We hypothesized that O(3) exposure resets the ability of the airways to respond to oxidant stress and that this is mediated by changes in the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R). Infant rhesus monkeys received episodic exposure to O(3) biweekly with or without house dust mite antigen (HDMA) from 6 to 12 months of age. Age-matched monkeys were exposed to filtered air (FA). Microdissected airway explants from midlevel airways (intrapulmonary generations 5-8) for four to six animals in each of four groups (FA, O(3), HDMA, and HDMA+O(3)) were tested for NK-1R gene responses to acute oxidant stress using exposure to hydrogen peroxide (1.2 mM), a lipid ozonide (10 μM), or sham treatment for 4 hours in vitro. Airway responses were measured using real-time quantitative RT-PCR of NK-1R and IL-8 gene expression. Basal NK-1R gene expression levels were not different between the exposure groups. Treatment with ozonide or hydrogen peroxide did not change NK-1R gene expression in animals exposed to FA, HDMA, or HDMA+O(3). However, treatment in vitro with lipid ozonide significantly increased NK-1R gene expression in explants from O(3)-exposed animals. We conclude that a history of prior O(3) exposure resets the steady state of the airways to increase the NK-1R response to subsequent acute oxidant stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R Murphy
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616-8732, USA
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Dual function of Pin1 in NR4A nuclear receptor activation: enhanced activity of NR4As and increased Nur77 protein stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1894-904. [PMID: 22789442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nur77, Nurr1 and NOR-1 form the NR4A subfamily of the nuclear receptor superfamily and have been shown to regulate various biological processes among which are cell survival and differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation and metabolism. These nuclear receptors have been proposed to act in a ligand-independent manner and we aim to gain insight in the regulation of NR4A activity. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 as a novel binding partner of NR4As, which was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Pin1 enhances the transcriptional activity of all three NR4A nuclear receptors and increases protein stability of Nur77 through inhibition of its ubiquitination. Enhanced transcriptional activity of NR4As requires the WW-domain of Pin1 that interacts with the N-terminal transactivation domain and the DNA-binding domain of Nur77. Most remarkably, this enhanced activity is independent of Pin1 isomerase activity. A systematic mutation analysis of all 17 Ser/Thr-Pro-motifs in Nur77 revealed that Pin1 enhances protein stability of Nur77 in an isomerase-dependent manner by acting on phosphorylated Nur77 involving protein kinase CK2-mediated phosphorylation of the Ser(152)-Pro(153) motif in Nur77. Given the role of Nur77 in vascular disease and metabolism, this novel regulation mechanism provides perspectives to manipulate Nur77 activity to attenuate these processes.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 (also known as NR4A1, NGFIB, TR3, TIS1, NAK-1, or N10) is a unique transcription factor encoded by an immediate early gene. Nur77 signaling is deregulated in many cancers and constitutes an important molecule for drug targeting. AREAS COVERED Nur77 as a versatile transcription factor that displays distinct dual roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, several recent insights into Nur77's non-genomic signaling through its physical interactions with various signaling proteins and its phosphorylation-dependent regulation will be highlighted. The possible mechanisms by which Nur77 supports carcinogenesis and specific examples in different human cancers will be summarized. Different approaches to target Nur77 using mimetics, natural products, and synthetic compounds are also described. EXPERT OPINION These latest findings shed light on the novel roles of Nur77 as an exploitable target for new cancer therapeutics. Further work which focuses on a more complete understanding of the Nur77 interactome as well as how the different networks of Nur77 functional interactions are orchestrated in a stimulus or context-specific way will aid the development of more selective, non-toxic approaches for targeting Nur77 in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally K Y To
- University of Hong Kong, School of Biological Sciences, 4S-14 Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Yao LM, He JP, Chen HZ, Wang Y, Wang WJ, Wu R, Yu CD, Wu Q. Orphan receptor TR3 participates in cisplatin-induced apoptosis via Chk2 phosphorylation to repress intestinal tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 2011; 33:301-11. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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The nuclear orphan receptor Nr4a2 induces Foxp3 and regulates differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Nat Commun 2011; 2:269. [PMID: 21468021 PMCID: PMC3104557 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a central role in maintaining immune homoeostasis through various mechanisms. Although the Forkhead transcription factor Foxp3 defines the Treg cell lineage and functions, the molecular mechanisms of Foxp3 induction and maintenance remain elusive. Here we show that Foxp3 is one of the direct targets of Nr4a2. Nr4a2 binds to regulatory regions of Foxp3, where it mediates permissive histone modifications. Ectopic expression of Nr4a2 imparts Treg-like suppressive activity to naïve CD4+ T cells by inducing Foxp3 and by repressing cytokine production, including interferon-γ and interleukin-2. Deletion of Nr4a2 in T cells attenuates induction of Tregs and causes aberrant induction of Th1, leading to the exacerbation of colitis. Nr4a2-deficeint Tregs are prone to lose Foxp3 expression and have attenuated suppressive ability both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, Nr4a2 has the ability to maintain T-cell homoeostasis by regulating induction, maintenance and suppressor functions of Tregs, and by repression of aberrant Th1 induction. Regulatory T cells are characterized by the expression of Foxp3, however, how the expression of this protein is controlled is unclear. Here, the authors show that the nuclear orphan receptor, Nr4a2, is a transcriptional activator of Foxp3, and suggest that it is required for the function of regulatory T cells.
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