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Liu Z, Li S, Wang L, Zhang W, Cao Y, Bao C, Zhang C. Integration of high-resolution mass spectrometry technology with molecular network analysis and systems biology techniques to elucidate the active ingredients and mechanisms of Shiduqing capsules. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9903. [PMID: 39198930 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Shiduqing Capsules, a well-known Chinese patent medicine, are widely used clinically for the treatment of pruritus. However, to date, there is a lack of research on its pharmacological substances and mechanisms of action. METHODS In the current study, the chemical components of Shiduqing Capsules were identified using UHPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS technology. Molecular network analysis was employed to identify structurally similar compounds to the known chemical components. The potential molecular targets of the active ingredients were predicted using the SwissTargetPrediction website. The identified targets were further analyzed using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis through the DAVID database. Molecular docking was used to validate the network pharmacology results. RESULTS Ultimately, A total of 51 chemical components of Shiduqing Capsules were identified. Molecular network analysis identified 21 flavonoids and 13 terpenoids. The core targets of these ingredients include TP53, AKT1, and STAT3. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed 1,371 different biological functions and 177 signaling pathways. Molecular docking confirmed the high affinity between multiple core active ingredients of Shiduqing Capsules and pruritus targets. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the effective ingredients of Shiduqing Capsules exert a multifaceted therapeutic effect on pruritus through multiple targets and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Child Health Care, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Bao
- Department of Child Health Care, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Chenning Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
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Ibrahim MM, Azmi MN, Alhawarri MB, Kamal NNSNM, AbuMahmoud H. Synthesis, characterization and bioactivity of new pyridine-2(H)-one, nicotinonitrile, and furo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10934-5. [PMID: 39009909 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Pyridone heterocycles, such as furo[2,3-b]pyridines, have emerged as prominent scaffolds in medicinal chemistry due to their versatile pharmacological properties, including significant anticancer activity. In this study, we successfully synthesized new pyridine-2(H)-one, nicotinonitrile, and furo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives from chalcones bearing 4-(benzyloxy)phenyl and dichlorothiophenyl subunits to explore their therapeutic potential against breast cancer. By employing a synthetic strategy involving Claisen-Schmidt condensation followed by sequential cyclizations and functional modifications, we synthesized and characterized four compounds (MI-S0, MI-S1, MI-S2, and MI-S3) using various spectroscopic methods, including FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, H,H- and C,H-COSY, and HRMS. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of these compounds was evaluated against two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and compared with a noncancerous breast cell line, MCF-10A. All compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic activities with minimal selectivity toward normal cells. Molecular docking studies targeting the serine/threonine kinase AKT1, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) revealed strong binding affinities, suggesting a mechanism involving the disruption of key cellular signaling pathways. These findings underscore the potential of furo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives as promising candidates for further development into anticancer agents, laying the groundwork for future investigations into their selective therapeutic efficacy and molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Al-Bayt University, P.O. BOX 130040, Al-Mafraq, 25113, Jordan.
| | - Mohamad Nurul Azmi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Maram B Alhawarri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, P.O.Box 733, Irbid, 21110, Jordan
| | - Nik Nur Syazni Nik Mohamed Kamal
- Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hasan AbuMahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Al-Bayt University, P.O. BOX 130040, Al-Mafraq, 25113, Jordan
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Cai Q, Fu Y, Lyu C, Wang Z, Rao S, Alvarez JA, Bai Y, Kang J, Yu T. A new framework for exploratory network mediator analysis in omics data. Genome Res 2024; 34:642-654. [PMID: 38719472 PMCID: PMC11146592 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278684.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Omics methods are widely used in basic biology and translational medicine research. More and more omics data are collected to explain the impact of certain risk factors on clinical outcomes. To explain the mechanism of the risk factors, a core question is how to find the genes/proteins/metabolites that mediate their effects on the clinical outcome. Mediation analysis is a modeling framework to study the relationship between risk factors and pathological outcomes, via mediator variables. However, high-dimensional omics data are far more challenging than traditional data: (1) From tens of thousands of genes, can we overcome the curse of dimensionality to reliably select a set of mediators? (2) How do we ensure that the selected mediators are functionally consistent? (3) Many biological mechanisms contain nonlinear effects. How do we include nonlinear effects in the high-dimensional mediation analysis? (4) How do we consider multiple risk factors at the same time? To meet these challenges, we propose a new exploratory mediation analysis framework, medNet, which focuses on finding mediators through predictive modeling. We propose new definitions for predictive exposure, predictive mediator, and predictive network mediator, using a statistical hypothesis testing framework to identify predictive exposures and mediators. Additionally, two heuristic search algorithms are proposed to identify network mediators, essentially subnetworks in the genome-scale biological network that mediate the effects of single or multiple exposures. We applied medNet on a breast cancer data set and a metabolomics data set combined with food intake questionnaire data. It identified functionally consistent network mediators for the exposures' impact on the outcome, facilitating data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpo Cai
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Yinghao Fu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, School of Data Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Lyu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Zihe Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, School of Data Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Shun Rao
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, School of Data Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Yun Bai
- School of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Tianwei Yu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, School of Data Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P.R. China;
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Arsianti A, Nur Azizah N, Erlina L. Molecular docking, ADMET profiling of gallic acid and its derivatives (N-alkyl gallamide) as apoptosis agent of breast cancer MCF-7 Cells. F1000Res 2024; 11:1453. [PMID: 38463030 PMCID: PMC10924730 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.127347.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In 2020, breast cancer has become the most common cancer in the world and in Indonesia. Searching for anticancer drugs using computational methods is considered more effective and selective than other methods. Gallic acid and its derivatives (esters and amides) are compounds that have biological activities such as anticancer effects. The purpose of this study was to analyse the molecular modelling and ADMET (Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity) profile of gallic acid derivative compounds (N-alkyl gallamides) as anticancer agents. Methods Target proteins were selected by analysis of protein-protein and drug-protein interactions. Molecular modelling was done by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. Predictive analysis of the ADMET profile of gallic acid and its derivatives (N-alkyl gallamide) was conducted using Marvin Sketch, Swissadme, protox II, and pkCSM pharmacokinetics. The selected target proteins were JUN, AKT1, CASP3, and CASP7. Results Compounds N-octyl gallamide, N-ters-butyl gallamide, and N-isoamil gallamide were the three best gallic acid derivatives based on molecular modelling analysis of target proteins associated with breast cancer. The ADMET profile of the N-alkyl gallamide compound is predictable and shows a good profile as a candidate for anticancer drugs. Conclusion N-octyl gallamide, N-ters-butyl gallamide, and N-isoamil gallamide have potential as anti-breast cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ade Arsianti
- Master’s Programme in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10360, Indonesia
- Drug Development Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Jakarta, 10630, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10360, Indonesia
| | - Norma Nur Azizah
- Master’s Programme in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10360, Indonesia
- Drug Development Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Jakarta, 10630, Indonesia
| | - Linda Erlina
- Drug Development Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Jakarta, 10630, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10360, Indonesia
- Bioinformatics Core Facilities, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Jakarta, 10630, Indonesia
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Messeha SS, Noel S, Zarmouh NO, Womble T, Latinwo LM, Soliman KFA. Involvement of AKT/PI3K Pathway in Sanguinarine's Induced Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2023; 20:323-342. [PMID: 37400144 PMCID: PMC10320563 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Chemotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells is well documented. Therefore, it is necessary to develop safer and more effective therapeutic agents to enhance the outcomes of chemotherapeutic agents. The natural alkaloid sanguinarine (SANG) has demonstrated therapeutic synergy when coupled with chemotherapeutic agents. SANG can also induce cell cycle arrest and trigger apoptosis in various cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying SANG activity in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells as two genetically different models of TNBC. We employed various assays including Alamar Blue to measure the effect of SANG on cell viability and proliferation rate, flow cytometry analysis to study the potential of the compound to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, quantitative qRT PCR apoptosis array to measure the expression of different genes mediating apoptosis, and the western system was used to analyze the impact of the compound on AKT protein expression. RESULTS SANG lowered cell viability and disrupted cell cycle progression in both cell lines. Furthermore, S-phase cell cycle arrest-mediated apoptosis was found to be the primary contributor to cell growth inhibition in MDA-MB-231 cells. SANG-treated TNBC cells showed significantly up-regulated mRNA expression of 18 genes associated with apoptosis, including eight TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), three members of the BCL2 family, and two members of the caspase (CASP) family in MDA-MB-468 cells. In MDA-MB-231 cells, two members of the TNF superfamily and four members of the BCL2 family were affected. The western study data showed the inhibition of AKT protein expression in both cell lines concurrent with up-regulated BCL2L11 gene. Our results point to the AKT/PI3K signaling pathway as one of the key mechanisms behind SANG-induced cell cycle arrest and death. CONCLUSION SANG shows anticancer properties and apoptosis-related gene expression changes in the two TNBC cell lines and suggests AKT/PI3K pathway implication in apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. Thus, we propose SANG's potential as a solitary or supplementary treatment agent against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia S Messeha
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Sophie Noel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Najla O Zarmouh
- Faculty of Medical Technology-Misrata, Libyan Ministry of Technical & Vocational Education, Misrata, Libya
| | - Tracy Womble
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Lekan M Latinwo
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A.;
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Lien HE, Berg HF, Halle MK, Trovik J, Haldorsen IS, Akslen LA, Krakstad C. Single-cell profiling of low-stage endometrial cancers identifies low epithelial vimentin expression as a marker of recurrent disease. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104595. [PMID: 37146405 PMCID: PMC10277918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of aggressive low-stage endometrial cancers is challenging. So far, studies have failed to pinpoint robust features or biomarkers associated with risk of recurrence for these patients. METHODS Imaging mass cytometry was used to examine single-cell expression of 23 proteins in 36 primary FIGO IB endometrial cancers, of which 17 recurred. Single-cell information was extracted for each tumor and unsupervised clustering was used to identify cellular phenotypes. Distinct phenotypes and cellular neighborhoods were compared in relation to recurrence. Cellular differences were validated in a separate gene expression dataset and the TCGA EC dataset. Vimentin protein expression was evaluated by IHC in pre-operative samples from 518 patients to validate its robustness as a prognostic marker. FINDINGS The abundance of epithelial, immune or stromal cell types did not associate with recurrence. Clustering of patients based on tumor single cell marker expression revealed distinct patient clusters associated with outcome. A cell population neighboring CD8+ T cells, defined by vimentin, ER, and PR expressing epithelial cells, was more prevalent in non-recurrent tumors. Importantly, lower epithelial vimentin expression and lower gene expression of VIM associated with worse recurrence-free survival. Loss and low expression of vimentin was validated by IHC as a robust marker for recurrence in FIGO I stage disease and predicted poor prognosis also when including all patients and in endometrioid patients only. INTERPRETATION This study reveals distinct characteristics in low-stage tumors and points to vimentin as a clinically relevant marker that may aid in identifying a here to unidentified subgroup of high-risk patients. FUNDING A full list of funding that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde E Lien
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hege F Berg
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari K Halle
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jone Trovik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingfrid S Haldorsen
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Section for Radiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars A Akslen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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7
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Long-Term Simulation of Microgravity Induces Changes in Gene Expression in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021181. [PMID: 36674696 PMCID: PMC9864731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgravity changes the gene expression pattern in various cell types. This study focuses on the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (less invasive) and MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative, highly invasive). The cells were cultured for 14 days under simulated microgravity (s-µg) conditions using a random positioning machine (RPM). We investigated cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix (ECM) factors as well as focal adhesion (FA) and the transmembrane proteins involved in different cellular signaling pathways (MAPK, PAM and VEGF). The mRNA expressions of 24 genes of interest (TUBB, ACTB, COL1A1, COL4A5, LAMA3, ITGB1, CD44, VEGF, FLK1, EGFR, SRC, FAK1, RAF1, AKT1, ERK1, MAPK14, MAP2K1, MTOR, RICTOR, VCL, PXN, CDKN1, CTNNA1 and CTNNB1) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and studied using STRING interaction analysis. Histochemical staining was carried out to investigate the morphology of the adherent cells (ADs) and the multicellular spheroids (MCSs) after RPM exposure. To better understand this experimental model in the context of breast cancer patients, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to obtain the expression profiles of 35 breast cell lines from the HMS LINCS Database. The qPCR-verified genes were searched in the mammalian phenotype database and the human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) Catalog. The results demonstrated the positive association between the real metastatic microtumor environment and MCSs with respect to the extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, morphology, different cellular signaling pathway key proteins and several other components. In summary, the microgravity-engineered three-dimensional MCS model can be utilized to study breast cancer cell behavior and to assess the therapeutic efficacies of drugs against breast cancer in the future.
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Liu Y, Han J, Kong T, Xiao N, Mei Q, Liu J. DriverMP enables improved identification of cancer driver genes. Gigascience 2022; 12:giad106. [PMID: 38091511 PMCID: PMC10716827 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is widely regarded as a complex disease primarily driven by genetic mutations. A critical concern and significant obstacle lies in discerning driver genes amid an extensive array of passenger genes. FINDINGS We present a new method termed DriverMP for effectively prioritizing altered genes on a cancer-type level by considering mutated gene pairs. It is designed to first apply nonsilent somatic mutation data, protein‒protein interaction network data, and differential gene expression data to prioritize mutated gene pairs, and then individual mutated genes are prioritized based on prioritized mutated gene pairs. Application of this method in 10 cancer datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas demonstrated its great improvements over all the compared state-of-the-art methods in identifying known driver genes. Then, a comprehensive analysis demonstrated the reliability of the novel driver genes that are strongly supported by clinical experiments, disease enrichment, or biological pathway analysis. CONCLUSIONS The new method, DriverMP, which is able to identify driver genes by effectively integrating the advantages of multiple kinds of cancer data, is available at https://github.com/LiuYangyangSDU/DriverMP. In addition, we have developed a novel driver gene database for 10 cancer types and an online service that can be freely accessed without registration for users. The DriverMP method, the database of novel drivers, and the user-friendly online server are expected to contribute to new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Jiyun Han
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Tongxin Kong
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Nannan Xiao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Qinglin Mei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, BNRIST Bioinformatics Division, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juntao Liu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
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9
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Singh J, Gautam DNS, Sourav S, Sharma R. Role of
Moringa oleifera
Lam. in cancer: Phytochemistry and pharmacological insights. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India
| | - Dev Nath Singh Gautam
- Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India
| | - Simant Sourav
- Department of Sharira Kriya, Government Ayurvedic College and Hospital Patna India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India
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10
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AKT1 Transcriptomic Landscape in Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152290. [PMID: 35892586 PMCID: PMC9332453 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression and hyperactivation of the serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT) pathway is one of the most common cellular events in breast cancer progression. However, the nature of AKT1-specific genome-wide transcriptomic alterations in breast cancer cells and breast cancer remains unknown to this point. Here, we delineate the impact of selective AKT1 knock down using gene-specific siRNAs or inhibiting the AKT activity with a pan-AKT inhibitor VIII on the nature of transcriptomic changes in breast cancer cells using the genome-wide RNA-sequencing analysis. We found that changes in the cellular levels of AKT1 lead to changes in the levels of a set of differentially expressed genes and, in turn, imply resulting AKT1 cellular functions. In addition to an expected positive relationship between the status of AKT1 and co-expressed cellular genes, our study unexpectedly discovered an inherent role of AKT1 in inhibiting the expression of a subset of genes in both unstimulated and growth factor stimulated breast cancer cells. We found that depletion of AKT1 leads to upregulation of a subset of genes—many of which are also found to be downregulated in breast tumors with elevated high AKT1 as well as upregulated in breast tumors with no detectable AKT expression. Representative experimental validation studies in two breast cancer cell lines showed a reasonable concurrence between the expression data from the RNA-sequencing and qRT-PCR or data from ex vivo inhibition of AKT1 activity in cancer patient-derived cells. In brief, findings presented here provide a resource for further understanding of AKT1-dependent modulation of gene expression in breast cancer cells and broaden the scope and significance of AKT1 targets and their functions.
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11
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Sibilano M, Tullio V, Adorno G, Savini I, Gasperi V, Catani MV. Platelet-Derived miR-126-3p Directly Targets AKT2 and Exerts Anti-Tumor Effects in Breast Cancer Cells: Further Insights in Platelet-Cancer Interplay. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105484. [PMID: 35628294 PMCID: PMC9141257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the surrounding cells influencing tumor biology, platelets are recognized as novel players as they release microvesicles (MVs) that, once delivered to cancer cells, modulate signaling pathways related to cell growth and dissemination. We have previously shown that physiological delivery of platelet MVs enriched in miR-126 exerted anti-tumor effects in different breast cancer (BC) cell lines. Here, we seek further insight by identifying AKT2 kinase as a novel miR-126-3p direct target, as assessed by bioinformatic analysis and validated by luciferase assay. Both ectopic expression and platelet MV-mediated delivery of miR-126-3p downregulated AKT2 expression, thus suppressing proliferating and invading properties, in either triple negative (BT549 cells) or less aggressive Luminal A (MCF-7 cells) BC subtypes. Accordingly, as shown by bioinformatic analysis, both high miR-126 and low AKT2 levels were associated with favorable long-term prognosis in BC patients. Our results, together with the literature data, indicate that miR-126-3p exerts suppressor activity by specifically targeting components of the PIK3/AKT signaling cascade. Therefore, management of platelet-derived MV production and selective delivery of miR-126-3p to tumor cells may represent a useful tool in multimodal therapeutic approaches in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Sibilano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (V.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Valentina Tullio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (V.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Gaspare Adorno
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Isabella Savini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (V.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Valeria Gasperi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (V.T.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (M.V.C.); Tel.: +39-06-7259-6465 (V.G.); +39-06-7259-6465 (M.V.C.)
| | - Maria Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (V.T.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (M.V.C.); Tel.: +39-06-7259-6465 (V.G.); +39-06-7259-6465 (M.V.C.)
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12
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Kim HG, Lee C, Yoon JH, Kim JH, Cho JY. BN82002 alleviated tissue damage of septic mice by reducing inflammatory response through inhibiting AKT2/NF-κB signaling pathway. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 148:112740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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13
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Shaji SK, Drishya G, Sunilkumar D, Suravajhala P, Kumar GB, Nair BG. Systematic understanding of anti-tumor mechanisms of Tamarixetin through network and experimental analyses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3966. [PMID: 35273218 PMCID: PMC8913656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamarixetin, a flavonoid derived from Quercetin, was shown to possess anti-cancer properties in various types of cancer. However, the mechanism of action of this compound is not well understood. Observations from reverse docking and network pharmacology analysis, were validated by cell based studies to analyse the chemotherapeutic potential and elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of Tamarixetin in breast cancer. In silico analysis using reverse docking and PPI analysis clearly indicated that out of 35 proteins targeted by Tamarixetin, the top 3 hub genes, namely, AKT1, ESR1 and HSP90AA1, were upregulated in breast tumor tissues and more importantly showed strong negative correlation to breast cancer patient survival. Furthermore, the KEGG pathway analysis showed enrichment of target proteins of Tamarixetin in 33 pathways which are mainly involved in neoplastic signalling. In vitro cell-based studies demonstrated that Tamarixetin could inhibit cell proliferation, induce ROS and reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to cell death. Tamarixetin induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and inhibited the migration as well as the invasion of breast cancer cells. Taken together, the combination of in silico and in vitro approaches used in the present study clearly provides evidence for the chemotherapeutic potential of Tamarixetin in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanu K Shaji
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - G Drishya
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Damu Sunilkumar
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Geetha B Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India.
| | - Bipin G Nair
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India.
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14
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Bhadresha K, Patel M, Brahmbhatt J, Jain N, Rawal R. Targeting Bone Metastases Signaling Pathway Using Moringa oleifera Seed Nutri-miRs: A Cross Kingdom Approach. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:2522-2539. [PMID: 34751606 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.2001547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a medicinally important plant that has various medical and nutritional uses. Plant miRNAs are a class of non-coding endogenous small RNAs that regulate human-specific mRNA but the mechanistic actions are largely unknown. Here, in this study, we aim to explore the mechanistic action and influence of M. oleifera seed miRNAs on vital human target genes using computer based approaches. The M. oleifera seed miRNAs sequence was taken from published data and identified its human gene targets using a psRNA target analysis server. We identified 94 miRNAs that are able to significantly regulate 47 human target genes, which has enormous biological and functional importance. Out of 47 human targeted genes, 23 genes were found to be associated with PI3K-AKT, RUNX, and MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling pathway which has shown to play key roles in bone metastases during cancer progression. The M. oleifera seed miRNAs hold a strong potential for future research that might uncover the possibility of miRNA-facilitated cross-kingdom regulation and therapeutic targets for bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Bhadresha
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Maulikkumar Patel
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jpan Brahmbhatt
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nayan Jain
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Rawal
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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15
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Gu NH, Li GJ, Yang BX, You M, Lin Y, Sun F, Xu H. Hypo-Expression of Tuberin Promotes Adenomyosis via the mTOR1-Autophagy Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:710407. [PMID: 34395438 PMCID: PMC8358309 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.710407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomyosis (AM) is a disease in which endometrial tissue invades the myometrium and has a 10–60% prevalence in reproductive-aged women. TSC2 regulates autophagy via mTOR1 signalling in colorectal cancer and endometrial carcinoma. Dysregulation of autophagy is implicated in adenomyosis pathogenesis. However, whether TSC2 participates in adenomyosis via autophagy remains obscure. Here, we found that the expression of TSC2 in adenomyosis was significantly decreased than that in normal endometrium during the secretory phase. Moreover, TSC2 and autophagy marker expression was significantly lower in ectopic lesions than in eutopic samples. TSC2 downregulation inhibited autophagy through mTOR1 signalling pathway activation in endometrial cells, leading to excessive proliferation, migration, and EMT; TSC2 overexpression induced the opposite effects. Rapamycin treatment suppressed cell proliferation, migration and EMT in the absence of TSC2. In parallel, an autophagy-specific inhibitor (SAR-405) restored migration and EMT under rapamycin treatment in TSC2-knockdown Ishikawa cells. Finally, SAR-405 treatment promoted EMT and migration of overexpressing cells. Collectively, our results suggest that TSC2 controls endometrial epithelial cell migration and EMT by regulating mTOR1-autophagy axis activation and that hypo-expression of TSC2 in the endometrium might promote adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Hao Gu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Jing Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Xin Yang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Min You
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Lin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Sun
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
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16
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Akt Isoforms: A Family Affair in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143445. [PMID: 34298660 PMCID: PMC8306188 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women in the United States. The Akt signaling pathway is deregulated in approximately 70% of patients with breast cancer. While targeting Akt is an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of breast cancer, there are several members in the Akt family that play distinct roles in breast cancer. However, the function of Akt isoforms depends on many factors. This review analyzes current progress on the isoform-specific functions of Akt isoforms in breast cancer. Abstract Akt, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), belongs to the AGC family of protein kinases. It acts downstream of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and regulates diverse cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell survival, metabolism, tumor growth and metastasis. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is frequently deregulated in breast cancer and plays an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer. There are three closely related members in the Akt family, namely Akt1(PKBα), Akt2(PKBβ) and Akt3(PKBγ). Although Akt isoforms share similar structures, they exhibit redundant, distinct as well as opposite functions. While the Akt signaling pathway is an important target for cancer therapy, an understanding of the isoform-specific function of Akt is critical to effectively target this pathway. However, our perception regarding how Akt isoforms contribute to the genesis and progression of breast cancer changes as we gain new knowledge. The purpose of this review article is to analyze current literatures on distinct functions of Akt isoforms in breast cancer.
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17
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Endogenous Cyclin D1 Promotes the Rate of Onset and Magnitude of Mitogenic Signaling via Akt1 Ser473 Phosphorylation. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108151. [PMID: 32937140 PMCID: PMC7707112 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 encodes the regulatory subunit of a holoenzyme that phosphorylates RB and functions as a collaborative nuclear oncogene. The serine threonine kinase Akt plays a pivotal role in the control of cellular metabolism, survival, and mitogenic signaling. Herein, Akt1-mediated phosphorylation of downstream substrates in the mammary gland is reduced by cyclin D1 genetic deletion and is induced by mammary-gland-targeted cyclin D1 overexpression. Cyclin D1 is associated with Akt1 and augments the rate of onset and maximal cellular Akt1 activity induced by mitogens. Cyclin D1 is identified in a cytoplasmic-membrane-associated pool, and cytoplasmic-membrane-localized cyclin D1—but not nuclear-localized cyclin D1—recapitulates Akt1 transcriptional function. These studies identify a novel extranuclear function of cyclin D1 to enhance proliferative functions via augmenting Akt1 phosphorylation at Ser473. Chen et al. show that the rate of onset and maximal cellular Akt1 activity induced by mitogens was augmented by cyclin D1. Cyclin D1 bound and phosphorylated Akt1 at Ser473. These studies identify a novel extranuclear function of cyclin D1 to enhance proliferative functions via augmenting Akt1 phosphorylation at Ser473.
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18
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Pparγ1 Facilitates ErbB2-Mammary Adenocarcinoma in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092171. [PMID: 33946495 PMCID: PMC8125290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2, which is associated with clinically aggressive disease, is overexpressed in 15-20% of breast cancers (BC). The host immune system participates in the therapeutic response of HER2+ breast cancer. Identifying genetic programs that participate in ErbB2-induced tumors may provide the rational basis for co-extinction therapeutic approaches. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), which is expressed in a variety of malignancies, governs biological functions through transcriptional programs. Herein, genetic deletion of endogenous Pparγ1 restrained mammary tumor progression, lipogenesis, and induced local mammary tumor macrophage infiltration, without affecting other tissue hematopoietic stem cell pools. Endogenous Pparγ1 induced expression of both an EphA2-Amphiregulin and an inflammatory INFγ and Cxcl5 signaling module, that was recapitulated in human breast cancer. Pparγ1 bound directly to growth promoting and proinflammatory target genes in the context of chromatin. We conclude Pparγ1 promotes ErbB2-induced tumor growth and inflammation and represents a relevant target for therapeutic coextinction. Herein, endogenous Pparγ1 promoted ErbB2-mediated mammary tumor onset and progression. PPARγ1 increased expression of an EGF-EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase module and a cytokine/chemokine 1 transcriptional module. The induction of a pro-tumorigenic inflammatory state by Pparγ1 may provide the rationale for complementary coextinction programs in ErbB2 tumors.
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19
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Degan SE, Gelman IH. Emerging Roles for AKT Isoform Preference in Cancer Progression Pathways. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1251-1257. [PMID: 33931488 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway is one of the most mutated in human cancers, predominantly associated with the loss of the signaling antagonist, PTEN, and to lesser extents, with gain-of-function mutations in PIK3CA (encoding PI3K-p110α) and AKT1. In addition, most oncogenic driver pathways activate PI3K/AKT signaling. Nonetheless, drugs targeting PI3K or AKT have fared poorly against solid tumors in clinical trials as monotherapies, yet some have shown efficacy when combined with inhibitors of other oncogenic drivers, such as receptor tyrosine kinases or nuclear hormone receptors. There is growing evidence that AKT isoforms, AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3, have different, often distinct roles in either promoting or suppressing specific parameters of oncogenic progression, yet few if any isoform-preferred substrates have been characterized. This review will describe recent data showing that the differential activation of AKT isoforms is mediated by complex interplays between PTEN, PI3K isoforms and upstream tyrosine kinases, and that the efficacy of PI3K/AKT inhibitors will likely depend on the successful targeting of specific AKT isoforms and their preferred pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus E Degan
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Irwin H Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.
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20
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Yang SJ, Wang DD, Zhong SL, Chen WQ, Wang FL, Zhang J, Xu WX, Xu D, Zhang Q, Li J, Zhang HD, Hou JC, Mao L, Tang JH. Tumor-derived exosomal circPSMA1 facilitates the tumorigenesis, metastasis, and migration in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) through miR-637/Akt1/β-catenin (cyclin D1) axis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:420. [PMID: 33911067 PMCID: PMC8080849 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are increasingly gaining importance and attention due to their diverse potential functions and their value as diagnostic biomarkers (disease specific). This study aims to explore the novel mechanisms by which exosome-contained circRNAs promote tumor development and metastasis in TNBC. We identified increased circRNA circPSMA1 in TNBC cells, their exosomes, and serum exosomes samples from TNBC patients. The overexpression of circPSMA1 promoted TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we investigated the tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) or stromal components in immune microenvironment (IME), and identified the significant differences in the immune cells between TNBC and non-TNBC samples. Mechanistically, circPSMA1 acted as a "miRNAs sponge" to absorb miR-637; miR-637 inhibited TNBC cell migration and metastasis by directly targeted Akt1, which recognized as a key immune-related gene and affected downstream genes β-catenin and cyclin D1. Subsequent co-culture experiments also demonstrated that exosomes from TNBC carrying large amounts of circPSMA1 could transmit migration and proliferation capacity to recipient cells. Kaplan-Meier plots showed that high expression of Akt1 and low expression of mir-637 are highly correlated with poor prognosis in patients with lymph node metastasis of TNBC. Collectively, all these results reveal that circPSMA1 functions as a tumor promoter through the circPSMA1/miR-637/Akt1-β-catenin (cyclin D1) regulatory axis, which can facilitate the tumorigenesis, metastasis, and immunosuppression of TNBC. Our research proposes a fresh perspective on novel potential biomarkers and immune treatment strategies for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-jin Yang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 P.R. China
| | - Dan-dan Wang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 P.R. China
| | - Shan-liang Zhong
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009 P.R. China ,grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210009 P.R. China
| | - Wen-quan Chen
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 P.R. China
| | - Feng-liang Wang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009 P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 P.R. China
| | - Wen-xiu Xu
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 P.R. China
| | - Di Xu
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009 P.R. China
| | - He-da Zhang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 P.R. China
| | - Jun-chen Hou
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 P.R. China
| | - Ling Mao
- grid.470132.3Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, the Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an, Huai’an, 223002 P.R. China
| | - Jin-hai Tang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 P.R. China
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21
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Influence of ARHGAP29 on the Invasion of Mesenchymal-Transformed Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122616. [PMID: 33291460 PMCID: PMC7762093 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive and mesenchymal-transformed breast cancer cells show high expression levels of Rho GTPase activating protein 29 (ARHGAP29), a negative regulator of RhoA. ARHGAP29 was the only one of 32 GTPase-activating enzymes whose expression significantly increased after the induction of mesenchymal transformation in breast cancer cells. Therefore, we investigated the influence of ARHGAP29 on the invasiveness of aggressive and mesenchymal-transformed breast cancer cells. After knock-down of ARHGAP29 using siRNA, invasion of HCC1806, MCF-7-EMT, and T-47D-EMT breast cancer cells was significantly reduced. This could be explained by reduced inhibition of RhoA and a consequent increase in stress fiber formation. Proliferation of the breast cancer cell line T-47D-EMT was slightly increased by reduced expression of ARHGAP29, whereas that of HCC1806 and MCF-7-EMT significantly increased. Using interaction analyses we found that AKT1 is a possible interaction partner of ARHGAP29. Therefore, the expression of AKT1 after siRNA knock-down of ARHGAP29 was tested. Reduced ARHGAP29 expression was accompanied by significantly reduced AKT1 expression. However, the ratio of active pAKT1 to total AKT1 remained unchanged or was significantly increased after ARHGAP29 knock-down. Our results show that ARHGAP29 could be an important factor in the invasion of aggressive and mesenchymal-transformed breast cancer cells. Further research is required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms.
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22
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Csolle MP, Ooms LM, Papa A, Mitchell CA. PTEN and Other PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 Lipid Phosphatases in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239189. [PMID: 33276499 PMCID: PMC7730566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signalling pathway is hyperactivated in ~70% of breast cancers. Class I PI3K generates PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 at the plasma membrane in response to growth factor stimulation, leading to AKT activation to drive cell proliferation, survival and migration. PTEN negatively regulates PI3K/AKT signalling by dephosphorylating PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 to form PtdIns(4,5)P2. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 can also be hydrolysed by the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases (5-phosphatases) to produce PtdIns(3,4)P2. Interestingly, while PTEN is a bona fide tumour suppressor and is frequently mutated/lost in breast cancer, 5-phosphatases such as PIPP, SHIP2 and SYNJ2, have demonstrated more diverse roles in regulating mammary tumourigenesis. Reduced PIPP expression is associated with triple negative breast cancers and reduced relapse-free and overall survival. Although PIPP depletion enhances AKT phosphorylation and supports tumour growth, this also inhibits cell migration and metastasis in vivo, in a breast cancer oncogene-driven murine model. Paradoxically, SHIP2 and SYNJ2 are increased in primary breast tumours, which correlates with invasive disease and reduced survival. SHIP2 or SYNJ2 overexpression promotes breast tumourigenesis via AKT-dependent and independent mechanisms. This review will discuss how PTEN, PIPP, SHIP2 and SYNJ2 distinctly regulate multiple functional targets, and the mechanisms by which dysregulation of these distinct phosphoinositide phosphatases differentially affect breast cancer progression.
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23
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Wadhwa B, Paddar M, Khan S, Mir S, A Clarke P, Grabowska AM, Vijay DG, Malik F. AKT isoforms have discrete expression in triple negative breast cancers and roles in cisplatin sensitivity. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4178-4194. [PMID: 33227065 PMCID: PMC7665233 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AKT, a serine threonine kinase, exists in three different isoforms and is known for regulating several biological processes including tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the expression and net effect of the individual isoforms in triple negative breast cancers and response to cisplatin treatment using cellular, mice models and clinical samples. Interestingly, analysis of the expressions of AKT isoforms in clinical samples showed relatively higher expression of AKT1 in primary tissues; whereas lung and liver metastatic samples showed elevated expression of AKT2. Similarly, triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, BT-549 and MDA-MB-231, with high proliferative and invasive properties, displayed higher expression levels of AKT1/2. By modulating AKT isoform expression in MCF-10A and BT-549 cell lines, we found that presence of AKT2 was associated with invasiveness, stemness and sensitivity to drug treatment. It was observed that the silencing of AKT2 suppressed the cancer stem cell populations (CD44high CD24low, ALDH1), mammosphere formation, invasive and migratory potential in MCF-10A and BT-549 cells. It was further demonstrated that loss of function of AKT1 isoform is associated with reduced sensitivity towards cisplatin treatment in triple-negative breast cancers cellular and syngeneic mice models. The decrease in cisplatin treatment response in shAKT1 cells was allied with the upregulation in the expression of transporter protein ABCG2, whereas silencing of ABCG2 restored cisplatin sensitivity in these cells through AKT/SNAIL/ABCG2 axis. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the varied expression of AKT isoforms in triple-negative breast cancers and also confirmed differential role of isoforms in stemness, invasiveness and response towards the cisplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Wadhwa
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar 190005, India
| | - Masroor Paddar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar 190005, India
| | - Sameer Khan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar 190005, India
| | - Sameer Mir
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar 190005, India
| | - Philip A Clarke
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Anna M Grabowska
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Fayaz Malik
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar 190005, India
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24
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Nałęcz KA. Amino Acid Transporter SLC6A14 (ATB 0,+) - A Target in Combined Anti-cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594464. [PMID: 33195271 PMCID: PMC7609839 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by quick growth and proliferation, demanding constant supply of various nutrients. Several plasma membrane transporters delivering such compounds are upregulated in cancer. Solute carrier family 6 member 14 (SLC6A14), known as amino acid transporter B0,+ (ATB0,+) transports all amino acids with exception of the acidic ones: aspartate and glutamate. Its malfunctioning is correlated with several pathological states and it is upregulated in solid tumors. The high expression of SLC6A14 is prognostic and unfavorable in pancreatic cancer, while in breast cancer it is expressed in estrogen receptor positive cells. As many plasma membrane transporters it resides in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane after translation before further trafficking through Golgi to the cell surface. Transporter exit from ER is strictly controlled. The proper folding of SLC6A14 was shown to be controlled from the cytoplasmic side by heat shock proteins, further exit from ER and formation of coatomer II (COPII) coated vesicles depends on specific interaction with COPII cargo-recognizing subunit SEC24C, phosphorylated by kinase AKT. Inhibition of heat shock proteins, known to be upregulated in cancer, directs SLC6A14 to degradation. Targeting proteins regulating SLC6A14 trafficking is proposed as an additional pharmacological treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Nałęcz
- Laboratory of Transport Through Biomembranes, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Wu D, Li H, Wang J, Li H, Xiao Q, Zhao X, Huo Z. LncRNA NEAT1 promotes gastric cancer progression via miR-1294/AKT1 axis. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:1028-1038. [PMID: 33336058 PMCID: PMC7718639 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were reported to promote the development of gastric cancer (GC). Nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) played a great role in diverse cancers, but the mechanism of NEAT1 in GC remains indistinct. NEAT1 and AKT1 were distinctly up-regulated and miR-1294 was down-regulated in GC tissues and cells. Cell proliferation and metastasis were refrained but apoptosis was promoted in GC cells after knockdown of NEAT1. NEAT1 negatively regulated miR-1294 expression, and the miR-1294 inhibitor reverted the si-NEAT1-induced effect on GC cells. NEAT1 modulated AKT1 expression through miR-1294, and the si-NEAT1-induced effect was relieved by AKT1. NEAT1 affected phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway via regulating miR-1294 and AKT1. NEAT1 could modulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis in GC cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway via the miR-1294/AKT1 axis, showing the great potential for NEAT1 as a valid biomarker in the progression and treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianchao Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Xingtai People’s Hospital, No.16, Hongxing Street, Xingtai, 054031, Hebei, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Xingtai People’s Hospital, No.16, Hongxing Street, Xingtai, 054031, Hebei, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Xingtai People’s Hospital, No.16, Hongxing Street, Xingtai, 054031, Hebei, China
| | - Qihai Xiao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Xingtai People’s Hospital, No.16, Hongxing Street, Xingtai, 054031, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Xingtai People’s Hospital, No.16, Hongxing Street, Xingtai, 054031, Hebei, China
| | - Zhibin Huo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Xingtai People’s Hospital, No.16, Hongxing Street, Xingtai, 054031, Hebei, China
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26
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Chen K, Jiao X, Ashton A, Di Rocco A, Pestell TG, Sun Y, Zhao J, Casimiro MC, Li Z, Lisanti MP, McCue PA, Shen D, Achilefu S, Rui H, Pestell RG. The membrane-associated form of cyclin D1 enhances cellular invasion. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:83. [PMID: 32948740 PMCID: PMC7501870 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential G1-cyclin, CCND1, is a collaborative nuclear oncogene that is frequently overexpressed in cancer. D-type cyclins bind and activate CDK4 and CDK6 thereby contributing to G1–S cell-cycle progression. In addition to the nucleus, herein cyclin D1 was also located in the cytoplasmic membrane. In contrast with the nuclear-localized form of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1NL), the cytoplasmic membrane-localized form of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1MEM) induced transwell migration and the velocity of cellular migration. The cyclin D1MEM was sufficient to induce G1–S cell-cycle progression, cellular proliferation, and colony formation. The cyclin D1MEM was sufficient to induce phosphorylation of the serine threonine kinase Akt (Ser473) and augmented extranuclear localized 17β-estradiol dendrimer conjugate (EDC)-mediated phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473). These studies suggest distinct subcellular compartments of cell cycle proteins may convey distinct functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Anthony Ashton
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Agnese Di Rocco
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Timothy G Pestell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Yunguang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Mathew C Casimiro
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA.,Dept of Science and Math, Abraham Baldwin Agricultural college, Tifton, GA, 31794, Georgia
| | - Zhiping Li
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A McCue
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Duanwen Shen
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Departments of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA. .,The Wistar Cancer Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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27
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Chen X, Ariss MM, Ramakrishnan G, Nogueira V, Blaha C, Putzbach W, Islam ABMMK, Frolov MV, Hay N. Cell-Autonomous versus Systemic Akt Isoform Deletions Uncovered New Roles for Akt1 and Akt2 in Breast Cancer. Mol Cell 2020; 80:87-101.e5. [PMID: 32931746 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies in three mouse models of breast cancer identified profound discrepancies between cell-autonomous and systemic Akt1- or Akt2-inducible deletion on breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Although systemic Akt1 deletion inhibits metastasis, cell-autonomous Akt1 deletion does not. Single-cell mRNA sequencing revealed that systemic Akt1 deletion maintains the pro-metastatic cluster within primary tumors but ablates pro-metastatic neutrophils. Systemic Akt1 deletion inhibits metastasis by impairing survival and mobilization of tumor-associated neutrophils. Importantly, either systemic or neutrophil-specific Akt1 deletion is sufficient to inhibit metastasis of Akt-proficient tumors. Thus, Akt1-specific inhibition could be therapeutic for breast cancer metastasis regardless of primary tumor origin. Systemic Akt2 deletion does not inhibit and exacerbates mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis, but cell-autonomous Akt2 deletion prevents breast cancer tumorigenesis by ErbB2. Elevated circulating insulin level induced by Akt2 systemic deletion hyperactivates tumor Akt, exacerbating ErbB2-mediated tumorigenesis, curbed by pharmacological reduction of the elevated insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Majd M Ariss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Gopalakrishnan Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Veronique Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Catherine Blaha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - William Putzbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Abul B M M K Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Maxim V Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Nissim Hay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; Research & Development Section, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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28
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Wang JJ, Liu TH, Li J, Li DN, Tian XY, Ouyang QG, Cai JP. The high expression of MTH1 and NUDT5 predict a poor survival and are associated with malignancy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9195. [PMID: 32518727 PMCID: PMC7258951 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MTH1 and NUDT5 effectively degrade nucleotides containing 8-oxoguanine. MTH1 and NUDT5 have been linked to the malignancy of multiple cancers. However, their functions in tumor growth and metastasis in esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) remain obscure. Our present study aims to explore their prognostic value in ESCC and investigate their function in MTH1 or NUDT5-knockout tumor cells. Methods MTH1 and NUDT5 protein expression in ESCC adjacent normal tissues and tumor tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry staining. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to assess the association between their expression and overall survival (OS) in ESCC patients. Univariate and Multivariate Cox regression analyses were generated to determine the correlation between these protein expression and OS of ESCC patients. Protein expression in ESCC cell lines were measured by Western blotting. To explore the potential effects of the MTH1 and NUDT5 protein in ESCC, cell models with MTH1 or NUDT5 depletion were established. CCK-8, cell cycle, Western blotting, migration and invasion assays were performed. Results Our present study demonstrated that the levels of MTH1 and NUDT5 were upregulated in ESCC cell lines and ESCC tissues, the expression of MTH1 and NUDT5 in ESCC tissues was significantly higher than in adjacent non-tumorous, and higher levels of MTH1 and NUDT5 predicted a worse prognosis in patients with ESCC. MTH1 and NUDT5 are novel biomarkers of the progression of ESCC and a poor prognosis. We also found for the first time that the high expression of NUDT5 independently predicted lower OS in patients with ESCC (hazard ratio (HR) 1.751; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.056–2.903]; p = 0.030). In addition, the depletion of MTH1 and NUDT5 strongly suppressed the proliferation of ESCC cells and significantly delayed the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, we found that MTH1 and NUDT5 silencing inhibited epithelial–mesenchymal transition mainly by the MAPK/MEK/ERK dependent pathway, which in turn significantly decreased the cell migration and invasion of ESCC cells. Our results suggested that the overexpression of MTH1 and NUDT5 is probably involved in the tumor development and poor prognosis of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Wang
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Teng-Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Ni Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Geng Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Shahrokh S, Mansouri V, Razzaghi M. Assessment of the SRC Inhibition Role in the Efficacy of Breast Cancer Radiotherapy. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 10:S18-S22. [PMID: 32021668 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective therapeutic method for preventing the recurrence of breast cancer after surgery. The development and improvement of RT are of interest to scientists. Possible improvement of RT via study of dysregulated proteins of breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 which is exposed to 10 Gray (Gy) radiation is aim of this study. Methods: Using protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis by means of running Cytoscape software via the STRING database, the up-regulated proteins of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells irradiated by a single and fractioned 10 Gy 137Cs γ-radiation were analyzed. The network was analyzed by using the Network analyzer to characterize the central genes. The action map was mapped for the queried genes and the added neighbors via CluePedia-STRING ACTIONS-v10.5- 20.11.2017. Results: The 14 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) plus 10 neighbors interacted to construct a network. Among the 14 queried DEPs, FN1, CSPG4, LRP1, GSN, RTN4, and CTSD were highlighted as a complex set in the analysis. The analysis revealed that SRC as an added neighbor was activated by the critical DEPs. The activation of other oncogenes like AKT1 was also determined. Conclusion: The results indicate that the inhibition of SRC activity or the inhibition of its activators is a useful function of breast cancer RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Harris KL, Myers MB, McKim KL, Elespuru RK, Parsons BL. Rationale and Roadmap for Developing Panels of Hotspot Cancer Driver Gene Mutations as Biomarkers of Cancer Risk. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:152-175. [PMID: 31469467 PMCID: PMC6973253 DOI: 10.1002/em.22326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer driver mutations (CDMs) are necessary and causal for carcinogenesis and have advantages as reporters of carcinogenic risk. However, little progress has been made toward developing measurements of CDMs as biomarkers for use in cancer risk assessment. Impediments for using a CDM-based metric to inform cancer risk include the complexity and stochastic nature of carcinogenesis, technical difficulty in quantifying low-frequency CDMs, and lack of established relationships between cancer driver mutant fractions and tumor incidence. Through literature review and database analyses, this review identifies the most promising targets to investigate as biomarkers of cancer risk. Mutational hotspots were discerned within the 20 most mutated genes across the 10 deadliest cancers. Forty genes were identified that encompass 108 mutational hotspot codons overrepresented in the COSMIC database; 424 different mutations within these hotspot codons account for approximately 63,000 tumors and their prevalence across tumor types is described. The review summarizes literature on the prevalence of CDMs in normal tissues and suggests such mutations are direct and indirect substrates for chemical carcinogenesis, which occurs in a spatially stochastic manner. Evidence that hotspot CDMs (hCDMs) frequently occur as tumor subpopulations is presented, indicating COSMIC data may underestimate mutation prevalence. Analyses of online databases show that genes containing hCDMs are enriched in functions related to intercellular communication. In its totality, the review provides a roadmap for the development of tissue-specific, CDM-based biomarkers of carcinogenic potential, comprised of batteries of hCDMs and can be measured by error-correct next-generation sequencing. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:152-175, 2020. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Mutagen Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Harris
- Division of Genetic and Molecular ToxicologyNational Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug AdministrationJeffersonArkansas
| | - Meagan B. Myers
- Division of Genetic and Molecular ToxicologyNational Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug AdministrationJeffersonArkansas
| | - Karen L. McKim
- Division of Genetic and Molecular ToxicologyNational Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug AdministrationJeffersonArkansas
| | - Rosalie K. Elespuru
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials ScienceCDRH/OSEL, US Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMaryland
| | - Barbara L. Parsons
- Division of Genetic and Molecular ToxicologyNational Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug AdministrationJeffersonArkansas
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31
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Hinz N, Jücker M. Distinct functions of AKT isoforms in breast cancer: a comprehensive review. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:154. [PMID: 31752925 PMCID: PMC6873690 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AKT, also known as protein kinase B, is a key element of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, AKT regulates the hallmarks of cancer, e.g. tumor growth, survival and invasiveness of tumor cells. After AKT was discovered in the early 1990s, further studies revealed that there are three different AKT isoforms, namely AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3. Despite their high similarity of 80%, the distinct AKT isoforms exert non-redundant, partly even opposing effects under physiological and pathological conditions. Breast cancer as the most common cancer entity in women, frequently shows alterations of the PI3K/AKT signaling. MAIN CONTENT A plethora of studies addressed the impact of AKT isoforms on tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis of breast cancer as well as on therapy response and overall survival in patients. Therefore, this review aimed to give a comprehensive overview about the isoform-specific effects of AKT in breast cancer and to summarize known downstream and upstream mechanisms. Taking account of conflicting findings among the studies, the majority of the studies reported a tumor initiating role of AKT1, whereas AKT2 is mainly responsible for tumor progression and metastasis. In detail, AKT1 increases cell proliferation through cell cycle proteins like p21, p27 and cyclin D1 and impairs apoptosis e.g. via p53. On the downside AKT1 decreases migration of breast cancer cells, for instance by regulating TSC2, palladin and EMT-proteins. However, AKT2 promotes migration and invasion most notably through regulation of β-integrins, EMT-proteins and F-actin. Whilst AKT3 is associated with a negative ER-status, findings about the role of AKT3 in regulation of the key properties of breast cancer are sparse. Accordingly, AKT1 is mutated and AKT2 is amplified in some cases of breast cancer and AKT isoforms are associated with overall survival and therapy response in an isoform-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS Although there are several discussed hypotheses how isoform specificity is achieved, the mechanisms behind the isoform-specific effects remain mostly unrevealed. As a consequence, further effort is necessary to achieve deeper insights into an isoform-specific AKT signaling in breast cancer and the mechanism behind it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Hinz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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32
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Yang CW, Cao HH, Guo Y, Feng YM, Zhang N. Identification of Novel Breast Cancer Genes based on Gene Expression Profiles and PPI Data. CURR PROTEOMICS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164616666190126111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies, and a threat to female health all over the world. However, the molecular mechanism of breast cancer has not been fully discovered yet.Objective:It is crucial to identify breast cancer-related genes, which could provide new biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis as well as potential treatment targets.Methods:Here we used the minimum redundancy-maximum relevance (mRMR) method to select significant genes, then mapped the transcripts of the genes on the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network and traced the shortest path between each pair of two proteins.Results:As a result, we identified 24 breast cancer-related genes whose betweenness were over 700. The GO enrichment analysis indicated that the transcription and oxygen level are very important in breast cancer. And the pathway analysis indicated that most of these 24 genes are enriched in prostate cancer, endocrine resistance, and pathways in cancer.Conclusion:We hope these 24 genes might be useful for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wen Yang
- Tianjin Key Lab of BME Measurement, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan-Huan Cao
- Tianjin Key Lab of BME Measurement, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Tianjin Key Lab of BME Measurement, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Feng
- Tianjin Key Lab of BME Measurement, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Tianjin Key Lab of BME Measurement, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Elzaiat M, Herman L, Legois B, Léger T, Todeschini AL, Veitia RA. High-throughput Exploration of the Network Dependent on AKT1 in Mouse Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1307-1319. [PMID: 30992313 PMCID: PMC6601207 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.0014613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is known to regulate a broad range of cellular processes, and it is often altered in several types of cancers. Recently, somatic AKT1 mutations leading to a strong activation of this kinase have been reported in juvenile granulosa cell tumors. However, the molecular role of AKT1 in the supporting cell lineage of the ovary is still poorly understood. To get insights into its function in such cells, we depleted Akt1 in murine primary granulosa cells and assessed the molecular consequences at both the transcript and protein levels. We were able to corroborate the involvement of AKT1 in the regulation of metabolism, apoptosis, cell cycle, or cytoskeleton dynamics in this ovarian cell type. Consistently, we showed in established granulosa cells that depletion of Akt1 provoked altered directional persistent migration and increased its velocity. This study also allowed us to put forward new direct and indirect targets of the kinase. Indeed, a series of proteins involved in intracellular transport and mitochondrial physiology were significantly affected by Akt1 depletion. Using in silico analyses, we also propose a set of kinases and transcription factors that can mediate the action of AKT1 on the deregulated transcripts and proteins. Taken altogether, our results provide a resource of direct and indirect AKT1 targets in granulosa cells and may help understand its roles in this ovarian cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Elzaiat
- From the ‡Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France;; §Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Herman
- From the ‡Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France;; §Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bérangère Legois
- From the ‡Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France;; §Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Léger
- From the ‡Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Todeschini
- From the ‡Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France;; §Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Reiner A Veitia
- From the ‡Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France;; §Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France.
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34
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Alwhaibi A, Verma A, Adil MS, Somanath PR. The unconventional role of Akt1 in the advanced cancers and in diabetes-promoted carcinogenesis. Pharmacol Res 2019; 145:104270. [PMID: 31078742 PMCID: PMC6659399 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have elucidated the critical role of Akt isoforms in cancer as pro-tumorigenic and metastatic regulators through their specific effects on the cancer cells, tumor endothelial cells and the stromal cells. The pro-cancerous role of Akt isoforms through enhanced cell proliferation and suppression of apoptosis in cancer cells and the cells in the tumor microenvironment is considered a dogma. Intriguingly, studies also indicate that the Akt pathway is essential to protect the endothelial-barrier and prevent aberrant vascular permeability, which is also integral to tumor perfusion and metastasis. To complicate this further, a flurry of recent reports strongly indicates the metastasis suppressive role of Akt, Akt1 in particular in various cancer types. These reports emanated from different laboratories have elegantly demonstrated the paradoxical effect of Akt1 on cancer cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, tumor endothelial-barrier disruption, and cancer metastasis. Here, we emphasize on the specific role of Akt1 in mediating tumor cell-vasculature reciprocity during the advanced stages of cancers and discuss how Akt1 differentially regulates cancer metastasis through mechanisms distinct from its pro-tumorigenic effects. Since Akt is integral for insulin signaling, endothelial function, and metabolic regulation, we also attempt to shed some light on the specific effects of diabetes in modulating Akt pathway in the promotion of tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alwhaibi
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and the Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Arti Verma
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and the Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mir S Adil
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and the Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and the Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center and Cancer Center, Augusta University, USA.
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Elzaiat M, Herman L, Legois B, Léger T, Todeschini AL, Veitia RA. High-throughput Exploration of the Network Dependent on AKT1 in Mouse Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019. [PMID: 30992313 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is known to regulate a broad range of cellular processes, and it is often altered in several types of cancers. Recently, somatic AKT1 mutations leading to a strong activation of this kinase have been reported in juvenile granulosa cell tumors. However, the molecular role of AKT1 in the supporting cell lineage of the ovary is still poorly understood. To get insights into its function in such cells, we depleted Akt1 in murine primary granulosa cells and assessed the molecular consequences at both the transcript and protein levels. We were able to corroborate the involvement of AKT1 in the regulation of metabolism, apoptosis, cell cycle, or cytoskeleton dynamics in this ovarian cell type. Consistently, we showed in established granulosa cells that depletion of Akt1 provoked altered directional persistent migration and increased its velocity. This study also allowed us to put forward new direct and indirect targets of the kinase. Indeed, a series of proteins involved in intracellular transport and mitochondrial physiology were significantly affected by Akt1 depletion. Using in silico analyses, we also propose a set of kinases and transcription factors that can mediate the action of AKT1 on the deregulated transcripts and proteins. Taken altogether, our results provide a resource of direct and indirect AKT1 targets in granulosa cells and may help understand its roles in this ovarian cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Elzaiat
- From the ‡Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France;; §Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Herman
- From the ‡Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France;; §Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bérangère Legois
- From the ‡Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France;; §Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Léger
- From the ‡Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Todeschini
- From the ‡Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France;; §Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Reiner A Veitia
- From the ‡Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France;; §Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France.
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Ogundijo OE, Zhu K, Wang X, Anastassiou D. A sequential Monte Carlo algorithm for inference of subclonal structure in cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211213. [PMID: 30682127 PMCID: PMC6347199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are heterogeneous in the sense that they consist of multiple subpopulations of cells, referred to as subclones, each of which is characterized by a distinct profile of genomic variations such as somatic mutations. Inferring the underlying clonal landscape has become an important topic in that it can help in understanding cancer development and progression, and thereby help in improving treatment. We describe a novel state-space model, based on the feature allocation framework and an efficient sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) algorithm, using the somatic mutation data obtained from tumor samples to estimate the number of subclones, as well as their characterization. Our approach, by design, is capable of handling any number of mutations. Via extensive simulations, our method exhibits high accuracy, in most cases, and compares favorably with existing methods. Moreover, we demonstrated the validity of our method through analyzing real tumor samples from patients from multiple cancer types (breast, prostate, and lung). Our results reveal driver mutation events specific to cancer types, and indicate clonal expansion by manual phylogenetic analysis. MATLAB code and datasets are available to download at: https://github.com/moyanre/tumor_clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyetunji E. Ogundijo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Kaiyi Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Dimitris Anastassiou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
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Hemming ML, Lawlor MA, Andersen JL, Hagan T, Chipashvili O, Scott TG, Raut CP, Sicinska E, Armstrong SA, Demetri GD, Bradner JE, Ganz PA, Tomlinson G, Olopade OI, Couch FJ, Wang X, Lindor NM, Pankratz VS, Radice P, Manoukian S, Peissel B, Zaffaroni D, Barile M, Viel A, Allavena A, Dall'Olio V, Peterlongo P, Szabo CI, Zikan M, Claes K, Poppe B, Foretova L, Mai PL, Greene MH, Rennert G, Lejbkowicz F, Glendon G, Ozcelik H, Andrulis IL, Thomassen M, Gerdes AM, Sunde L, Cruger D, Birk Jensen U, Caligo M, Friedman E, Kaufman B, Laitman Y, Milgrom R, Dubrovsky M, Cohen S, Borg A, Jernström H, Lindblom A, Rantala J, Stenmark-Askmalm M, Melin B, Nathanson K, Domchek S, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Huzarski T, Osorio A, Lasa A, Durán M, Tejada MI, Godino J, Benitez J, Hamann U, Kriege M, Hoogerbrugge N, van der Luijt RB, van Asperen CJ, Devilee P, Meijers-Heijboer EJ, Blok MJ, Aalfs CM, Hogervorst F, Rookus M, Cook M, Oliver C, Frost D, Conroy D, Evans DG, Lalloo F, Pichert G, Davidson R, Cole T, Cook J, Paterson J, Hodgson S, Morrison PJ, Porteous ME, Walker L, Kennedy MJ, Dorkins H, Peock S, Godwin AK, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, de Pauw A, Mazoyer S, Bonadona V, Lasset C, Dreyfus H, Leroux D, Hardouin A, Berthet P, Faivre L, Loustalot C, Noguchi T, Sobol H, Rouleau E, Nogues C, Frénay M, Vénat-Bouvet L, Hopper JL, Daly MB, Terry MB, John EM, Buys SS, Yassin Y, Miron A, Goldgar D, Singer CF, Dressler AC, Gschwantler-Kaulich D, Pfeiler G, Hansen TVO, Jønson L, Agnarsson BA, Kirchhoff T, Offit K, Devlin V, Dutra-Clarke A, Piedmonte M, Rodriguez GC, Wakeley K, Boggess JF, Basil J, Schwartz PE, Blank SV, Toland AE, Montagna M, Casella C, Imyanitov E, Tihomirova L, Blanco I, Lazaro C, Ramus SJ, Sucheston L, Karlan BY, Gross J, Schmutzler R, Wappenschmidt B, Engel C, Meindl A, Lochmann M, Arnold N, Heidemann S, Varon-Mateeva R, Niederacher D, Sutter C, Deissler H, Gadzicki D, Preisler-Adams S, Kast K, Schönbuchner I, Caldes T, de la Hoya M, Aittomäki K, Nevanlinna H, Simard J, Spurdle AB, Holland H, Chen X, Platte R, Chenevix-Trench G, Easton DF. Enhancer Domains in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Regulate KIT Expression and Are Targetable by BET Bromodomain Inhibition. Cancer Res 2019. [PMID: 18483246 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 680] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a mesenchymal neoplasm characterized by activating mutations in the related receptor tyrosine kinases KIT and PDGFRA. GIST relies on expression of these unamplified receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) genes through a large enhancer domain, resulting in high expression levels of the oncogene required for tumor growth. Although kinase inhibition is an effective therapy for many patients with GIST, disease progression from kinase-resistant mutations is common and no other effective classes of systemic therapy exist. In this study, we identify regulatory regions of the KIT enhancer essential for KIT gene expression and GIST cell viability. Given the dependence of GIST upon enhancer-driven expression of RTKs, we hypothesized that the enhancer domains could be therapeutically targeted by a BET bromodomain inhibitor (BBI). Treatment of GIST cells with BBIs led to cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and cell death, with unique sensitivity in GIST cells arising from attenuation of the KIT enhancer domain and reduced KIT gene expression. BBI treatment in KIT-dependent GIST cells produced genome-wide changes in the H3K27ac enhancer landscape and gene expression program, which was also seen with direct KIT inhibition using a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Combination treatment with BBI and TKI led to superior cytotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo, with BBI preventing tumor growth in TKI-resistant xenografts. Resistance to select BBI in GIST was attributable to drug efflux pumps. These results define a therapeutic vulnerability and clinical strategy for targeting oncogenic kinase dependency in GIST. SIGNIFICANCE: Expression and activity of mutant KIT is essential for driving the majority of GIST neoplasms, which can be therapeutically targeted using BET bromodomain inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Hemming
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew A Lawlor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica L Andersen
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy Hagan
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Otari Chipashvili
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas G Scott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chandrajit P Raut
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ewa Sicinska
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George D Demetri
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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Li S, Zhou J, Wu H, Lu Q, Tai Y, Liu Q, Wang C. Oncogenic transformation of normal breast epithelial cells co-cultured with cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2027-2040. [PMID: 30160604 PMCID: PMC6224270 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1511510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity in human breast cancer poses a challenge for effective treatment. Better understanding of tumor initiation and development will help to resolve this problem. Current models explaining intratumoral diversity include cancer stem cells, clonal evolution and cancer cell dedifferentiation and reprogramming. Herein, a new model, cancer transmission, is proposed to explain cancer heterogeneity. We found breast cancer cells (MCF10A.NeuT) were capable of transforming normal mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A). The transformed cells exhibited cancerous properties including enhanced proliferation and migration, loss of apical-basal polarity and depolarized acini structure associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The transformed MCF10A cells displayed distinct EMT characteristics compared to parental cells. We further showed that cancer cell-secreted factors were sufficient to induce cancerous transformation of normal cells. Furthermore, transformed cells were resistant to radiation treatment, providing new insights into mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Tianjin , China
| | - Jie Zhou
- b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xijing Hospital , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Hongying Wu
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Tianjin , China
| | - Qianying Lu
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Tianjin , China
| | - Yanhong Tai
- c Department of Pathology , 307 Hospital of Chinese PLA , Beijing , China
| | - Qiang Liu
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Tianjin , China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- d Departments of Cancer Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kimmel Cancer Center , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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WIP-YAP/TAZ as A New Pro-Oncogenic Pathway in Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060191. [PMID: 29890731 PMCID: PMC6024887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild-type p53 (wtp53) is described as a tumour suppressor gene, and mutations in p53 occur in many human cancers. Indeed, in high-grade malignant glioma, numerous molecular genetics studies have established central roles of RTK-PI3K-PTEN and ARF-MDM2-p53 INK4a-RB pathways in promoting oncogenic capacity. Deregulation of these signalling pathways, among others, drives changes in the glial/stem cell state and environment that permit autonomous growth. The initially transformed cell may undergo subsequent modifications, acquiring a more complete tumour-initiating phenotype responsible for disease advancement to stages that are more aggressive. We recently established that the oncogenic activity of mutant p53 (mtp53) is driven by the actin cytoskeleton-associated protein WIP (WASP-interacting protein), correlated with tumour growth, and more importantly that both proteins are responsible for the tumour-initiating cell phenotype. We reported that WIP knockdown in mtp53-expressing glioblastoma greatly reduced proliferation and growth capacity of cancer stem cell (CSC)-like cells and decreased CSC-like markers, such as hyaluronic acid receptor (CD44), prominin-1 (CD133), yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). We thus propose a new CSC signalling pathway downstream of mtp53 in which Akt regulates WIP and controls YAP/TAZ stability. WIP drives a mechanism that stimulates growth signals, promoting YAP/TAZ and β-catenin stability in a Hippo-independent fashion, which allows cells to coordinate processes such as proliferation, stemness and invasiveness, which are key factors in cancer progression. Based on this multistep tumourigenic model, it is tantalizing to propose that WIP inhibitors may be applied as an effective anti-cancer therapy.
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Rivas S, Gómez-Oro C, Antón IM, Wandosell F. Role of Akt Isoforms Controlling Cancer Stem Cell Survival, Phenotype and Self-Renewal. Biomedicines 2018. [PMID: 29518912 PMCID: PMC5874686 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis suggests that tumours are maintained by a subpopulation of cells with stem cell properties. Although the existence of CSCs was initially described in human leukaemia, less evidence exists for CSCs in solid tumours. Recently, a CD133+ cell subpopulation was isolated from human brain tumours exhibiting stem cell properties in vitro as well as the capacity to initiate tumours in vivo. In the present work, we try to summarize the data showing that some elements of the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Class I (PI3K)/ Thymoma viral oncogene protein kinase (Akt) pathway, such the activity of PI3K Class I or Akt2, are necessary to maintain the CSC-like phenotype as well as survival of CSCs (also denoted as tumour-initiating cells (TICs)). Our data and other laboratory data permit a working hypothesis in which each Akt isoform plays an important and specific role in CSC/TIC growth, self-renewal, maintaining survival, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, not only in breast cancer, but also in glioma. We suggest that a more complete understanding is needed of the possible roles of isoforms in human tumours (iso-signalling determination). Thus, a comprehensive analysis of how hierarchical signalling is assembled during oncogenesis, how cancer landmarks are interconnected to favour CSC and tumour growth, and how some protein isoforms play a specific role in CSCs to ensure that survival and proliferation must be done in order to propose/generate new therapeutic approaches (alone or in combination with existing ones) to use against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rivas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carla Gómez-Oro
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inés M Antón
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
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Xu G, Zhu H, Zhang M, Xu J. Histone deacetylase 3 is associated with gastric cancer cell growth via the miR-454-mediated targeting of CHD5. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:155-163. [PMID: 29115379 PMCID: PMC5746286 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in China and worlwide; hence, the identification of GC-related genes is necessary for the development of effective treatment strategies. In this study, histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) was identified as the most significantly upregulated cancer-related gene in GC tissues by microarray. In accordance with this, HDAC3 expression was found to be upregulated in GC cell lines/tissues. Further experiments indicated that the knockdown of HDAC3 decreased GC cell viability, reduced the colony formation number and decreased tumor weight. To explore the underlying mechanisms, the overexpression of HDAC3 was induced by transfection with an overexpression plasmid, followed by miRNA microarray, and we identified miR-454 as the most markedly upregulated miRNA. Accordingly, miR-454 expression was upregulated in GC cell lines/tissues and a high level of miR-454 indicated a high HDAC3 expression in GC tissues, and miR-454 knockdown reduced cell viability. In addition, a high level of miR-454 was significantly associated with an advanced clinical stage, lymph node metastases and a poor prognosis of patients with GC. Furthermore, CHD5 was identified as a direct target of miR-454. CHD5 was downregulated in GC tissues/cell lines and the expresssion of CHD5 inversely correlated with the level of miR-454 in GC tissues. Taken together, these observations indicate that HDAC3 is associated with GC cell growth via the miR-454-mediated targeting of CHD5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Pudong, Shanghai 201299, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Pudong, Shanghai 201299, P.R. China
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Philips S, Wu HY, Li L. Using machine learning algorithms to identify genes essential for cell survival. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:397. [PMID: 28984184 PMCID: PMC5629548 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the explosion of data comes a proportional opportunity to identify novel knowledge with the potential for application in targeted therapies. In spite of this huge amounts of data, the solutions to treating complex disease is elusive. One reason being that these diseases are driven by a network of genes that need to be targeted in order to understand and treat them effectively. Part of the solution lies in mining and integrating information from various disciplines. Here we propose a machine learning method to mining through publicly available literature on RNA interference with the goal of identifying genes essential for cell survival. Results A total of 32,164 RNA interference abstracts were identified from 10.5 million pubmed abstracts (2001 - 2015). These abstracts spanned over 1467 cancer cell lines and 4373 genes representing a total of 25,891 cell gene associations. Among the 1467 cell lines 88% of them had at least 1 or up to 25 genes studied in a given cell line. Among the 4373 genes 96% of them were studied in at least 1 or up to 25 different cell lines. Conclusions Identifying genes that are crucial for cell survival can be a critical piece of information especially in treating complex diseases, such as cancer. The efficacy of a therapeutic intervention is multifactorial in nature and in many cases the source of therapeutic disruption could be from an unsuspected source. Machine learning algorithms helps to narrow down the search and provides information about essential genes in different cancer types. It also provides the building blocks to generate a network of interconnected genes and processes. The information thus gained can be used to generate hypothesis which can be experimentally validated to improve our understanding of what triggers and maintains the growth of cancerous cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-017-1799-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Philips
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, 410 West 10th Street, HITS 5003 lab, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Heng-Yi Wu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, 410 West 10th Street, HITS 5003 lab, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Lang Li
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, 410 West 10th Street, HITS 5003 lab, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Xu H, Lin F, Wang Z, Yang L, Meng J, Ou Z, Shao Z, Di G, Yang G. CXCR2 promotes breast cancer metastasis and chemoresistance via suppression of AKT1 and activation of COX2. Cancer Lett 2017; 412:69-80. [PMID: 28964785 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis and chemoresistance are two major causes of breast cancer death. We show here that the chemokine receptor CXCR2 was overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines and tissues. CXCR2 promoted anti-apoptosis, anti-senescence, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells, leading to the enhanced metastasis and chemoresistance. Further study suggested that AKT1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2; PTGS2) might mediate the CXCR2 signaling to inversely control the breast cancer metastasis and chemoresistance through the regulation of EMT, apoptosis, and senescence. Analyses of clinical data indicate that the high expression of CXCR2 was correlated with the high expression of COX2 and the low expression of AKT1, P85α, E-cadherin, and β-catenin in cancer tissues. Poor outcomes were associated with the high expression of CXCR2 or COX2 while favorable survivals were associated with the high expression of P85α, AKT1, or E-cadherin in all cancer patients. Cox multivariate analysis demonstrated that CXCR2, COX2, and AKT1 could be independent predictors for disease free survivals. All these data suggest that CXCR2 promotes breast cancer metastasis and chemoresistance via suppressing AKT1 and activating COX2. Thus, antagonists of the CXCR2 signaling molecules may be used to treat breast cancer patients particularly with high metastasis and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China
| | - Fengjuan Lin
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China
| | - Zhouluo Ou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China
| | - Zhimin Shao
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China.
| | - Genhong Di
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China.
| | - Gong Yang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China; Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 200240, China.
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Topology of protein–protein interaction network and edge reduction co-efficiency in VEGF signaling of breast cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13721-017-0157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chen B, Liu Z, Zhang J, Wang H, Yu B. RNA sequencing identifies gene expression profile changes associated with β-estradiol treatment in U2OS osteosarcoma cells. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3421-3427. [PMID: 28744146 PMCID: PMC5513876 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s135396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify gene expression profile changes associated with β-estradiol (E2) treatment in U2OS osteosarcoma cells by high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Two U2OS cell samples treated with E2 (15 μmol/L) and two untreated control U2OS cell samples were subjected to RNA-seq. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the groups were identified, and main biological process enrichment was performed using gene ontology (GO) analysis. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using Cytoscape based on the Human Protein Reference Database. Finally, NFKB1 expression was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The map ratios of the four sequenced samples were >65%. In total, 128 upregulated and 92 downregulated DEGs were identified in E2 samples. After GO enrichment, the downregulated DEGs, such as AKT1, were found to be mainly enriched in cell cycle processes, whereas the upregulated DEGs, such as NFKB1, were involved in the regulation of gene expression. Moreover, AKT1 (degree =117) and NFKB1 (degree =72) were key nodes with the highest degrees in the PPI network. Similarly, the results of qRT-PCR confirmed that E2 upregulated NFKB1 expression. The results suggest that E2 upregulates the expression of NFKB1, ATF7IP, and HDAC5, all of which are involved in the regulation of gene expression and transcription, but downregulates that of TCF7L2, ALCAM, and AKT, which are involved in Wnt receptor signaling through β-catenin and morphogenesis in U2OS osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zude Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hantao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Akt as a target for cancer therapy: more is not always better (lessons from studies in mice). Br J Cancer 2017; 117:159-163. [PMID: 28557977 PMCID: PMC5520506 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt signalling pathway is one of the most frequently altered signalling networks in human cancers and has become an attractive target in anticancer therapy. Several drugs targeting this pathway are currently in different phases of clinical trials. However, accumulating reports suggest that adverse effects such as hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia accompany treatment with pan-PI3K and pan-Akt inhibitors. Thus, understanding the consequences of the systemic deletion or inhibition of Akt activity in vivo is imperative. Three Akt isoforms may individually affect different cancer cells in culture to varying degrees that could suggest specific targeting of different Akt isoforms for different types of cancer. However, the results obtained in cell culture do not address the consequences of Akt isoform inhibition at the organismal level and consequently fail to predict the feasibility of targeting these isoforms for cancer therapy. This review summarises and discusses the consequences of genetic deletions of Akt isoforms in adult mice and their implications for cancer therapy. Whereas combined Akt1 and Akt2 rapidly induced mortality, hepatic Akt inhibition induced liver injury that promotes hepatocellular carcinoma. These findings may explain some of the side effects exerted by pan-PI3K and pan-Akt inhibitors and suggest that close attention must be paid when targeting all Akt isoforms as a therapeutic intervention.
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Yao J, Zhang P, Li J, Xu W. MicroRNA-215 acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by targeting AKT serine/threonine kinase 1. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1097-1104. [PMID: 28693279 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There are accumulating reports that microRNAs are dysregulated in a number of human cancer types, and that they may function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in tumorigenesis and tumor development. microRNA-215 (miR-215) has been identified as a tumor suppressor in epithelial ovarian, pancreatic, non-small cell lung and colon cancer, whereas it may act as an oncogene in gastric and cervical cancer. The role of miR-215 in breast cancer carcinogenesis and progression has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, the expression level of miR-215 was determined in breast cancer tissues and cell lines using the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effects of miR-215 overexpression on proliferation and the invasive capacity of breast cancer cells were assessed using MTT and cell invasion assays. The results revealed that miR-215 was significantly downregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Restoration of miR-215 expression inhibited the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. The underlying molecular mechanism for the suppression of proliferation and invasion by miR-215 was investigated. AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1) was validated as a novel direct target of miR-215, and the effect of AKT1 small interfering RNA mimicked the effect of miR-215 overexpression in breast cancer cells. These results indicated that miR-215 acted as a tumor suppressor, and that its downregulation in tumor tissues may contribute to the carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer, indicating that miR-215 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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48
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78495111110.3390/cancers9050052" />
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is commonly upregulated in cancers such as in non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. Various mechanisms mediate the upregulation of EGFR activity, including common mutations and truncations to its extracellular domain, such as in the EGFRvIII truncations, as well as to its kinase domain, such as the L858R and T790M mutations, or the exon 19 truncation. These EGFR aberrations over-activate downstream pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK and AKT-PI3K-mTOR pathways. These pathways then activate many biological outputs that are beneficial to cancer cell proliferation, including their chronic initiation and progression through the cell cycle. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate EGFR signal transduction, including the EGFR structure and its mutations, ligand binding and EGFR dimerization, as well as the signaling pathways that lead to G1 cell cycle progression. We focus on the induction of CYCLIN D expression, CDK4/6 activation, and the repression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins (CDKi) by EGFR signaling pathways. We also discuss the successes and challenges of EGFR-targeted therapies, and the potential for their use in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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49
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Wee P, Wang Z. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Cell Proliferation Signaling Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050052. [PMID: 28513565 PMCID: PMC5447962 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1016] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is commonly upregulated in cancers such as in non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. Various mechanisms mediate the upregulation of EGFR activity, including common mutations and truncations to its extracellular domain, such as in the EGFRvIII truncations, as well as to its kinase domain, such as the L858R and T790M mutations, or the exon 19 truncation. These EGFR aberrations over-activate downstream pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK and AKT-PI3K-mTOR pathways. These pathways then activate many biological outputs that are beneficial to cancer cell proliferation, including their chronic initiation and progression through the cell cycle. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate EGFR signal transduction, including the EGFR structure and its mutations, ligand binding and EGFR dimerization, as well as the signaling pathways that lead to G1 cell cycle progression. We focus on the induction of CYCLIN D expression, CDK4/6 activation, and the repression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins (CDKi) by EGFR signaling pathways. We also discuss the successes and challenges of EGFR-targeted therapies, and the potential for their use in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wee
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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50
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Riggio M, Perrone MC, Polo ML, Rodriguez MJ, May M, Abba M, Lanari C, Novaro V. AKT1 and AKT2 isoforms play distinct roles during breast cancer progression through the regulation of specific downstream proteins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44244. [PMID: 28287129 PMCID: PMC5347151 DOI: 10.1038/srep44244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms associated with the specific effects of AKT1 and AKT2 isoforms in breast cancer progression. We modulated the abundance of specific AKT isoforms in IBH-6 and T47D human breast cancer cell lines and showed that AKT1 promoted cell proliferation, through S6 and cyclin D1 upregulation, but it inhibited cell migration and invasion through β1-integrin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) downregulation. In contrast, AKT2 promoted cell migration and invasion through F-actin and vimentin induction. Thus, while overexpression of AKT1 promoted local tumor growth, downregulation of AKT1 or overexpression of AKT2 promoted peritumoral invasion and lung metastasis. Furthermore, we evaluated The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset for invasive breast carcinomas and found that increased AKT2 but not AKT1 mRNA levels correlated with a worse clinical outcome. We conclude that AKT isoforms play specific roles in different steps of breast cancer progression, with AKT1 involved in the local tumor growth and AKT2 involved in the distant tumor dissemination, having AKT2 a poorer prognostic value and consequently being a worthwhile target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Riggio
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
| | - María C Perrone
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
| | - María L Polo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
| | - María J Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
| | - María May
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
| | - Martín Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas. Fac. Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional La Plata (1900), Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
| | - Virginia Novaro
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
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