1
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Jassinskaja M, Gonka M, Kent DG. Resolving the hematopoietic stem cell state by linking functional and molecular assays. Blood 2023; 142:543-552. [PMID: 36735913 PMCID: PMC10644060 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most challenging aspects of stem cell research is the reliance on retrospective assays for ascribing function. This is especially problematic for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) research in which the current functional assay that formally establishes its HSC identity involves long-term serial transplantation assays that necessitate the destruction of the initial cell state many months before knowing that it was, in fact, an HSC. In combination with the explosion of equally destructive single-cell molecular assays, the paradox facing researchers is how to determine the molecular state of a functional HSC when you cannot concomitantly assess its functional and molecular properties. In this review, we will give a historical overview of the functional and molecular assays in the field, identify new tools that combine molecular and functional readouts in populations of HSCs, and imagine the next generation of computational and molecular profiling tools that may help us better link cell function with molecular state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jassinskaja
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Gonka
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Kent
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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2
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Sakurai M, Ishitsuka K, Ito R, Wilkinson AC, Kimura T, Mizutani E, Nishikii H, Sudo K, Becker HJ, Takemoto H, Sano T, Kataoka K, Takahashi S, Nakamura Y, Kent DG, Iwama A, Chiba S, Okamoto S, Nakauchi H, Yamazaki S. Chemically defined cytokine-free expansion of human haematopoietic stem cells. Nature 2023; 615:127-133. [PMID: 36813966 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare cell type that reconstitute the entire blood and immune systems after transplantation and can be used as a curative cell therapy for a variety of haematological diseases1,2. However, the low number of HSCs in the body makes both biological analyses and clinical application difficult, and the limited extent to which human HSCs can be expanded ex vivo remains a substantial barrier to the wider and safer therapeutic use of HSC transplantation3. Although various reagents have been tested in attempts to stimulate the expansion of human HSCs, cytokines have long been thought to be essential for supporting HSCs ex vivo4. Here we report the establishment of a culture system that allows the long-term ex vivo expansion of human HSCs, achieved through the complete replacement of exogenous cytokines and albumin with chemical agonists and a caprolactam-based polymer. A phosphoinositide 3-kinase activator, in combination with a thrombopoietin-receptor agonist and the pyrimidoindole derivative UM171, were sufficient to stimulate the expansion of umbilical cord blood HSCs that are capable of serial engraftment in xenotransplantation assays. Ex vivo HSC expansion was further supported by split-clone transplantation assays and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis. Our chemically defined expansion culture system will help to advance clinical HSC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Sakurai
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kantaro Ishitsuka
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryoji Ito
- Human Disease Model Laboratory, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Adam C Wilkinson
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Takaharu Kimura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Eiji Mizutani
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishikii
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sudo
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hans Jiro Becker
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takemoto
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi; Business-Academia Collaborative Laboratory (Shionogi), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Sano
- Pharma Solutions, Nutrition and Health, BASF Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Division of Clinical Precision Research Platform, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - David G Kent
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Chiba
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Okamoto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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3
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Natarajan P. Genomic Aging, Clonal Hematopoiesis, and Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:3-14. [PMID: 36353993 PMCID: PMC9780188 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronologic age is the dominant risk factor for coronary artery disease but the features of aging promoting coronary artery disease are poorly understood. Advances in human genetics and population-based genetic profiling of blood cells have uncovered the surprising role of age-related subclinical leukemogenic mutations in blood cells, termed "clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential," in coronary artery disease. Such mutations typically occur in DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, and JAK2. Murine and human studies prioritize the role of key inflammatory pathways linking clonal hematopoiesis with coronary artery disease. Increasingly larger, longitudinal, multiomics analyses are enabling further dissection into mechanistic insights. These observations expand the genetic architecture of coronary artery disease, now linking hallmark features of hematologic neoplasia with a much more common cardiovascular condition. Implications of these studies include the prospect of novel precision medicine paradigms for coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Natarajan
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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4
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Bain FM, Che JLC, Jassinskaja M, Kent DG. Lessons from early life: understanding development to expand stem cells and treat cancers. Development 2022; 149:277217. [PMID: 36217963 PMCID: PMC9724165 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal is a process that is essential for the development and homeostasis of the blood system. Self-renewal expansion divisions, which create two daughter HSCs from a single parent HSC, can be harnessed to create large numbers of HSCs for a wide range of cell and gene therapies, but the same process is also a driver of the abnormal expansion of HSCs in diseases such as cancer. Although HSCs are first produced during early embryonic development, the key stage and location where they undergo maximal expansion is in the foetal liver, making this tissue a rich source of data for deciphering the molecules driving HSC self-renewal. Another equally interesting stage occurs post-birth, several weeks after HSCs have migrated to the bone marrow, when HSCs undergo a developmental switch and adopt a more dormant state. Characterising these transition points during development is key, both for understanding the evolution of haematological malignancies and for developing methods to promote HSC expansion. In this Spotlight article, we provide an overview of some of the key insights that studying HSC development have brought to the fields of HSC expansion and translational medicine, many of which set the stage for the next big breakthroughs in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M. Bain
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - James L. C. Che
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Maria Jassinskaja
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - David G. Kent
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Author for correspondence ()
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5
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Morris R, Butler L, Perkins A, Kershaw NJ, Babon JJ. The Role of LNK (SH2B3) in the Regulation of JAK-STAT Signalling in Haematopoiesis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010024. [PMID: 35056081 PMCID: PMC8781068 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
LNK is a member of the SH2B family of adaptor proteins and is a non-redundant regulator of cytokine signalling. Cytokines are secreted intercellular messengers that bind to specific receptors on the surface of target cells to activate the Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) signalling pathway. Activation of the JAK-STAT pathway leads to proliferative and often inflammatory effects, and so the amplitude and duration of signalling are tightly controlled. LNK binds phosphotyrosine residues to signalling proteins downstream of cytokines and constrains JAK-STAT signalling. Mutations in LNK have been identified in a range of haematological and inflammatory diseases due to increased signalling following the loss of LNK function. Here, we review the regulation of JAK-STAT signalling via the adaptor protein LNK and discuss the role of LNK in haematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Morris
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (N.J.K.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Liesl Butler
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; (L.B.); (A.P.)
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Andrew Perkins
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; (L.B.); (A.P.)
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Nadia J. Kershaw
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (N.J.K.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J. Babon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (N.J.K.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9345-2960; Fax: +61-3-9347-0852
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6
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Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. As a fulcrum of many vital cellular processes, the JAK/STAT pathway constitutes a rapid membrane-to-nucleus signaling module and induces the expression of various critical mediators of cancer and inflammation. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is associated with various cancers and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Moreover, we highlight the role of the JAK/STAT pathway and its inhibitors in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Maorong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
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7
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Hu X, Li J, Fu M, Zhao X, Wang W. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway: from bench to clinic. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:402. [PMID: 34824210 PMCID: PMC8617206 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 218.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. As a fulcrum of many vital cellular processes, the JAK/STAT pathway constitutes a rapid membrane-to-nucleus signaling module and induces the expression of various critical mediators of cancer and inflammation. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is associated with various cancers and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Moreover, we highlight the role of the JAK/STAT pathway and its inhibitors in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Maorong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
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8
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Biermann M, Reya T. Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Regeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 14:cshperspect.a040774. [PMID: 34750175 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regeneration is the remarkable process by which extremely rare, normally inactive cells of the bone marrow can replace an entire organ if called to do so by injury or harnessed by transplantation. HSC research is arguably the first quantitative single-cell science and the foundation of adult stem cell biology. Bone marrow transplant is the oldest and most refined technique of regenerative medicine. Here we review the intertwined history of the discovery of HSCs and bone marrow transplant, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of HSC self-renewal, and the use of HSCs and their derivatives for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch Biermann
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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9
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Morris R, Zhang Y, Ellyard JI, Vinuesa CG, Murphy JM, Laktyushin A, Kershaw NJ, Babon JJ. Structural and functional analysis of target recognition by the lymphocyte adaptor protein LNK. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6110. [PMID: 34671038 PMCID: PMC8528861 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The SH2B family of adaptor proteins, SH2-B, APS, and LNK are key modulators of cellular signalling pathways. Whilst SH2-B and APS have been partially structurally and biochemically characterised, to date there has been no such characterisation of LNK. Here we present two crystal structures of the LNK substrate recognition domain, the SH2 domain, bound to phosphorylated motifs from JAK2 and EPOR, and biochemically define the basis for target recognition. The LNK SH2 domain adopts a canonical SH2 domain fold with an additional N-terminal helix. Targeted analysis of binding to phosphosites in signalling pathways indicated that specificity is conferred by amino acids one- and three-residues downstream of the phosphotyrosine. Several mutations in LNK showed impaired target binding in vitro and a reduced ability to inhibit signalling, allowing an understanding of the molecular basis of LNK dysfunction in variants identified in patients with myeloproliferative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Morris
- grid.1042.7Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Australia Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia ,grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Julia I. Ellyard
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Australia Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia ,grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Carola G. Vinuesa
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Australia Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia ,grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - James M. Murphy
- grid.1042.7Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Artem Laktyushin
- grid.1042.7Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Nadia J. Kershaw
- grid.1042.7Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Jeffrey J. Babon
- grid.1042.7Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
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10
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Nf1 and Sh2b3 mutations cooperate in vivo in a mouse model of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3587-3591. [PMID: 34464969 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is initiated in early childhood by somatic mutations that activate Ras signaling. Although some patients have only a single identifiable oncogenic mutation, others have 1 or more additional alterations. Such secondary mutations, as a group, are associated with an increased risk of relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. These clinical observations suggest a cooperative effect between initiating and secondary mutations. However, the roles of specific genes in the prognosis or clinical presentation of JMML have not been described. In this study, we investigate the impact of secondary SH2B3 mutations in JMML. We find that patients with SH2B3 mutations have adverse outcomes, as well as higher white blood cell counts and hemoglobin F levels in the peripheral blood. We further demonstrate this interaction in genetically engineered mice. Deletion of Sh2b3 cooperates with conditional Nf1 deletion in a dose-dependent fashion. These studies illustrate that haploinsufficiency for Sh2b3 contributes to the severity of myeloproliferative disease and provide an experimental system for testing treatments for a high-risk cohort of JMML patients.
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11
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Bush LM, Healy CP, Marvin JE, Deans TL. High-throughput enrichment and isolation of megakaryocyte progenitor cells from the mouse bone marrow. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8268. [PMID: 33859294 PMCID: PMC8050096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes are a rare population of cells that develop in the bone marrow and function to produce platelets that circulate throughout the body and form clots to stop or prevent bleeding. A major challenge in studying megakaryocyte development, and the diseases that arise from their dysfunction, is the identification, classification, and enrichment of megakaryocyte progenitor cells that are produced during hematopoiesis. Here, we present a high throughput strategy for identifying and isolating megakaryocytes and their progenitor cells from a heterogeneous population of bone marrow samples. Specifically, we couple thrombopoietin (TPO) induction, image flow cytometry, and principal component analysis (PCA) to identify and enrich for megakaryocyte progenitor cells that are capable of self-renewal and directly differentiating into mature megakaryocytes. This enrichment strategy distinguishes megakaryocyte progenitors from other lineage-committed cells in a high throughput manner. Furthermore, by using image flow cytometry with PCA, we have identified a combination of markers and characteristics that can be used to isolate megakaryocyte progenitor cells using standard flow cytometry methods. Altogether, these techniques enable the high throughput enrichment and isolation of cells in the megakaryocyte lineage and have the potential to enable rapid disease identification and diagnoses ahead of severe disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Bush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Connor P Healy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - James E Marvin
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Tara L Deans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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12
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Cai S, Lu JX, Wang YP, Shi CJ, Yuan T, Wang XP. SH2B3, Transcribed by STAT1, Promotes Glioblastoma Progression Through Transducing IL-6/gp130 Signaling to Activate STAT3 Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:606527. [PMID: 33937225 PMCID: PMC8080264 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.606527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults. The aberrant activation of STAT3 commonly occurs in GBM and is a key player in GBM tumorigenesis. Yet, the aberrant activation of STAT3 signaling is not fully understood. Here, we report that SH2B adaptor protein 3 (SH2B3) is highly expressed in GBM and preferentially expressed in GBM stem cells (GSCs). Moreover, SH2B3 high expression predicts worse survival of GBM patients. Targeting SH2B3 considerably impairs GBM cell proliferation, migration, and GSCs' self-renewal in vitro as well as xenograft tumors growth in vivo. Additionally, we provide evidence suggesting that STAT1 directly binds to the promoter of SH2B3 and activates SH2B3 expression in the transcriptional level. Functionally, SH2B3 facilitates GBM progression via physically interacting with gp130 and acting as an adaptor protein to transduce IL-6/gp130/STAT3 signaling. Together, our work firstly uncovers that the STAT1/SH2B3/gp130/STAT3 signaling axis plays critical roles in promoting GBM progression and provides insight into new prognosis marker and therapeutic target in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiang-peng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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13
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Qian J, Cao X, Shen Q, Cai YF, Lu W, Yin H, You XF, Liu H. Thrombopoietin Promotes Cell Proliferation and Attenuates Apoptosis of Aplastic Anemia Serum-Treated 32D Cells via Activating STAT3/STAT5 Signaling Pathway and Modulating Apoptosis-Related Mediators. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:963689720980367. [PMID: 33586472 PMCID: PMC7890722 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720980367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) on mouse 32D cells (a mouse myeloid progenitor cell line) treated with serum from patients with aplastic anemia and to elucidate the potential mechanism of rhTPO in the treatment of aplastic anemia. After treatment with aplastic anemia serum, the apoptotic rate of 32D cells was increased and the proliferation of 32D cells was significantly inhibited. rhTPO reduced the apoptotic rate and promoted the proliferation of 32D cells, while rhTPO failed to restore the cell proliferation of 32D cells from aplastic anemia serum group to the normal level as compared to that from the normal serum group. The phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein was higher, and the phosphorylation level of STAT5 protein was lower in 32D cells from aplastic anemia serum group than that in normal serum group. After rhTPO treatment, the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein in aplastic anemia serum group was decreased and the phosphorylation level of STAT5 protein was increased. The expression levels of Survivin and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased in 32D cells from aplastic anemia serum group, which were significantly increased after rhTPO treatment. The expression level of Bax protein in 32D cells from the normal serum group after rhTPO treatment was significantly decreased; while the mRNA expression level of Bax was not affected by rhTPO. The expression levels of Bax mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated in 32D cells from aplastic anemia serum group, which was significantly decreased by rhTPO treatment. In conclusion, our results indicated that aplastic anemia serum impaired proliferative potential and enhanced apoptosis of 32D cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that rhTPO promoted cell proliferation and attenuated apoptosis of aplastic anemia serum-treated 32D cells via activating STAT3/STAT5 signaling pathway and modulating apoptosis-related mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Oncology, Nantong Oncology Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Feng Cai
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Fen You
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Bao EL, Nandakumar SK, Liao X, Bick AG, Karjalainen J, Tabaka M, Gan OI, Havulinna AS, Kiiskinen TTJ, Lareau CA, de Lapuente Portilla AL, Li B, Emdin C, Codd V, Nelson CP, Walker CJ, Churchhouse C, de la Chapelle A, Klein DE, Nilsson B, Wilson PWF, Cho K, Pyarajan S, Gaziano JM, Samani NJ, Regev A, Palotie A, Neale BM, Dick JE, Natarajan P, O'Donnell CJ, Daly MJ, Milyavsky M, Kathiresan S, Sankaran VG. Inherited myeloproliferative neoplasm risk affects haematopoietic stem cells. Nature 2020; 586:769-775. [PMID: 33057200 PMCID: PMC7606745 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are blood cancers that are characterized by the excessive production of mature myeloid cells and arise from the acquisition of somatic driver mutations in haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Epidemiological studies indicate a substantial heritable component of MPNs that is among the highest known for cancers1. However, only a limited number of genetic risk loci have been identified, and the underlying biological mechanisms that lead to the acquisition of MPNs remain unclear. Here, by conducting a large-scale genome-wide association study (3,797 cases and 1,152,977 controls), we identify 17 MPN risk loci (P < 5.0 × 10-8), 7 of which have not been previously reported. We find that there is a shared genetic architecture between MPN risk and several haematopoietic traits from distinct lineages; that there is an enrichment for MPN risk variants within accessible chromatin of HSCs; and that increased MPN risk is associated with longer telomere length in leukocytes and other clonal haematopoietic states-collectively suggesting that MPN risk is associated with the function and self-renewal of HSCs. We use gene mapping to identify modulators of HSC biology linked to MPN risk, and show through targeted variant-to-function assays that CHEK2 and GFI1B have roles in altering the function of HSCs to confer disease risk. Overall, our results reveal a previously unappreciated mechanism for inherited MPN risk through the modulation of HSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik L Bao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Satish K Nandakumar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaotian Liao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander G Bick
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare, Section of Cardiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juha Karjalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcin Tabaka
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Olga I Gan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo T J Kiiskinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caleb A Lareau
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bo Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Connor Emdin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veryan Codd
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher J Walker
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daryl E Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Björn Nilsson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter W F Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Biology, Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare, Section of Cardiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Milyavsky
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Verve Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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15
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Competitive sgRNA Screen Identifies p38 MAPK as a Druggable Target to Improve HSPC Engraftment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102194. [PMID: 33003308 PMCID: PMC7600420 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous gene therapy trials for X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) lacked long-term engraftment of corrected hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Chronic inflammation and high levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) might have caused aberrant cell cycling in X-CGD HSPCs with a concurrent loss of their long-term repopulating potential. Thus, we performed a targeted CRISPR-Cas9-based sgRNA screen to identify candidate genes that counteract the decreased repopulating capacity of HSPCs during gene therapy. The candidates were validated in a competitive transplantation assay and tested in a disease context using IL1B-challenged or X-CGD HSPCs. The sgRNA screen identified Mapk14 (p38) as a potential target to increase HSPC engraftment. Knockout of p38 prior to transplantation was sufficient to induce a selective advantage. Inhibition of p38 increased expression of the HSC homing factor CXCR4 and reduced apoptosis and proliferation in HSPCs. For potential clinical translation, treatment of IL1B-challenged or X-CGD HSPCs with a p38 inhibitor led to a 1.5-fold increase of donor cell engraftment. In summary, our findings demonstrate that p38 may serve as a potential druggable target to restore engraftment of HSPCs in the context of X-CGD gene therapy.
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16
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Loh PR, Genovese G, McCarroll SA. Monogenic and polygenic inheritance become instruments for clonal selection. Nature 2020; 584:136-141. [PMID: 32581363 PMCID: PMC7415571 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Clonally expanded blood cells that contain somatic mutations (clonal haematopoiesis) are commonly acquired with age and increase the risk of blood cancer1-9. The blood clones identified so far contain diverse large-scale mosaic chromosomal alterations (deletions, duplications and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH)) on all chromosomes1,2,5,6,9, but the sources of selective advantage that drive the expansion of most clones remain unknown. Here, to identify genes, mutations and biological processes that give selective advantage to mutant clones, we analysed genotyping data from the blood-derived DNA of 482,789 participants from the UK Biobank10. We identified 19,632 autosomal mosaic chromosomal alterations and analysed these for relationships to inherited genetic variation. We found 52 inherited, rare, large-effect coding or splice variants in 7 genes that were associated with greatly increased vulnerability to clonal haematopoiesis with specific acquired CN-LOH mutations. Acquired mutations systematically replaced the inherited risk alleles (at MPL) or duplicated them to the homologous chromosome (at FH, NBN, MRE11, ATM, SH2B3 and TM2D3). Three of the genes (MRE11, NBN and ATM) encode components of the MRN-ATM pathway, which limits cell division after DNA damage and telomere attrition11-13; another two (MPL and SH2B3) encode proteins that regulate the self-renewal of stem cells14-16. In addition, we found that CN-LOH mutations across the genome tended to cause chromosomal segments with alleles that promote the expansion of haematopoietic cells to replace their homologous (allelic) counterparts, increasing polygenic drive for blood-cell proliferation traits. Readily acquired mutations that replace chromosomal segments with their homologous counterparts seem to interact with pervasive inherited variation to create a challenge for lifelong cytopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ru Loh
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Giulio Genovese
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Steven A McCarroll
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Abstract
The self-renewal capacity of multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) supports blood system homeostasis throughout life and underlies the curative capacity of clinical HSC transplantation therapies. However, despite extensive characterization of the HSC state in the adult bone marrow and embryonic fetal liver, the mechanism of HSC self-renewal has remained elusive. This Review presents our current understanding of HSC self-renewal in vivo and ex vivo, and discusses important advances in ex vivo HSC expansion that are providing new biological insights and offering new therapeutic opportunities.
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18
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Rio-Machin A, Vulliamy T, Hug N, Walne A, Tawana K, Cardoso S, Ellison A, Pontikos N, Wang J, Tummala H, Al Seraihi AFH, Alnajar J, Bewicke-Copley F, Armes H, Barnett M, Bloor A, Bödör C, Bowen D, Fenaux P, Green A, Hallahan A, Hjorth-Hansen H, Hossain U, Killick S, Lawson S, Layton M, Male AM, Marsh J, Mehta P, Mous R, Nomdedéu JF, Owen C, Pavlu J, Payne EM, Protheroe RE, Preudhomme C, Pujol-Moix N, Renneville A, Russell N, Saggar A, Sciuccati G, Taussig D, Toze CL, Uyttebroeck A, Vandenberghe P, Schlegelberger B, Ripperger T, Steinemann D, Wu J, Mason J, Page P, Akiki S, Reay K, Cavenagh JD, Plagnol V, Caceres JF, Fitzgibbon J, Dokal I. The complex genetic landscape of familial MDS and AML reveals pathogenic germline variants. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1044. [PMID: 32098966 PMCID: PMC7042299 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of familial myeloid malignancies as a separate disease entity in the revised WHO classification has renewed efforts to improve the recognition and management of this group of at risk individuals. Here we report a cohort of 86 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) families with 49 harboring germline variants in 16 previously defined loci (57%). Whole exome sequencing in a further 37 uncharacterized families (43%) allowed us to rationalize 65 new candidate loci, including genes mutated in rare hematological syndromes (ADA, GP6, IL17RA, PRF1 and SEC23B), reported in prior MDS/AML or inherited bone marrow failure series (DNAH9, NAPRT1 and SH2B3) or variants at novel loci (DHX34) that appear specific to inherited forms of myeloid malignancies. Altogether, our series of MDS/AML families offer novel insights into the etiology of myeloid malignancies and provide a framework to prioritize variants for inclusion into routine diagnostics and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rio-Machin
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Tom Vulliamy
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Nele Hug
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amanda Walne
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kiran Tawana
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shirleny Cardoso
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alicia Ellison
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nikolas Pontikos
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jun Wang
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hemanth Tummala
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ahad Fahad H Al Seraihi
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jenna Alnajar
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Findlay Bewicke-Copley
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hannah Armes
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael Barnett
- The Leukemia/BMT Program of British Columbia, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Adrian Bloor
- Department of Haematology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Csaba Bödör
- MTA-SE Lendulet Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Bowen
- Department of Haematology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Pierre Fenaux
- Service d'hématologie Séniors, Hôpital St Louis/Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Andrew Green
- National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Hallahan
- Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Henrik Hjorth-Hansen
- Department of Hematology, St Olavs Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine (IKM) Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Upal Hossain
- Department of Haematology, Whipps Cross Hospital, Barts NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sally Killick
- Department of Haematology, The Royal Bournemouth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Sarah Lawson
- Department of Haematology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark Layton
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alison M Male
- Clinic Genetics Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Judith Marsh
- Department of Haematological Medicine, Haematology Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Priyanka Mehta
- Bristol Haematology Unit, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Rogier Mous
- UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Huispostnummer, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Josep F Nomdedéu
- Laboratori d´Hematologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolyn Owen
- Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jiri Pavlu
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elspeth M Payne
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel E Protheroe
- Bristol Haematology Unit, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Claude Preudhomme
- Laboratory of Hematology, Biology and Pathology Center, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, INSERM, Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nuria Pujol-Moix
- Laboratori d´Hematologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nigel Russell
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anand Saggar
- Clinical Genetics, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
| | - Gabriela Sciuccati
- Servicio de Hematologia y Oncologia, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David Taussig
- Haemato-oncology Department, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK
| | - Cynthia L Toze
- The Leukemia/BMT Program of British Columbia, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anne Uyttebroeck
- Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Tim Ripperger
- Institut für Humangenetik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Doris Steinemann
- Institut für Humangenetik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - John Wu
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne Mason
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paula Page
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Susanna Akiki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Qatar Rehabilitation Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa Medical City (HBKM), Doha, Qatar
| | - Kim Reay
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jamie D Cavenagh
- Department of Haematology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Javier F Caceres
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jude Fitzgibbon
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Inderjeet Dokal
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
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19
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Marneth AE, Mullally A. The Molecular Genetics of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a034876. [PMID: 31548225 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activated JAK-STAT signaling is central to the pathogenesis of BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and occurs as a result of MPN phenotypic driver mutations in JAK2, CALR, or MPL The spectrum of concomitant somatic mutations in other genes has now largely been defined in MPNs. With the integration of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels into clinical practice, the clinical significance of concomitant mutations in MPNs has become clearer. In this review, we describe the consequences of concomitant mutations in the most frequently mutated classes of genes in MPNs: (1) DNA methylation pathways, (2) chromatin modification, (3) RNA splicing, (4) signaling pathways, (5) transcription factors, and (6) DNA damage response/stress signaling. The increased use of molecular genetics for early risk stratification of patients brings the possibility of earlier intervention to prevent disease progression in MPNs. However, additional studies are required to decipher underlying molecular mechanisms and effectively target them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Marneth
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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20
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Wilkinson AC, Ishida R, Nakauchi H, Yamazaki S. Long-term ex vivo expansion of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:628-648. [PMID: 31915389 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing multipotent and self-renewing capabilities, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can maintain hematopoiesis throughout life. However, the mechanism behind such remarkable abilities remains undiscovered, at least in part because of the paucity of HSCs and the modest ex vivo expansion of HSCs in media that contain poorly defined albumin supplements such as bovine serum albumin. Here, we describe a simple platform for the expansion of functional mouse HSCs ex vivo for >1 month under fully defined albumin-free conditions. The culture system affords 236- to 899-fold expansion over the course of a month and is also amenable to clonal analysis of HSC heterogeneity. The large numbers of expanded HSCs enable HSC transplantation into nonconditioned recipients, which is otherwise not routinely feasible because of the large numbers of HSCs required. This protocol therefore provides a powerful approach with which to interrogate HSC self-renewal and lineage commitment and, more broadly, to study and characterize the hematopoietic and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Wilkinson
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Reiko Ishida
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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21
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Nishimura T, Hsu I, Martinez-Krams DC, Nakauchi Y, Majeti R, Yamazaki S, Nakauchi H, Wilkinson AC. Use of polyvinyl alcohol for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell expansion. Exp Hematol 2019; 80:16-20. [PMID: 31874780 PMCID: PMC7194120 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Serum albumin has long been an essential supplement for ex vivo hematopoietic and immune cell cultures. However, serum albumin medium supplements represent a major source of biological contamination in cell cultures and often cause loss of cellular function. As serum albumin exhibits significant batch-to-batch variability, it has also been blamed for causing major issues in experimental reproducibility. We recently discovered the synthetic polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as an inexpensive, Good Manufacturing Practice-compatible, and biologically inert serum albumin replacement for ex vivo hematopoietic stem cell cultures. Importantly, PVA is free of the biological contaminants that have plagued serum albumin-based media. Here, we describe that PVA can replace serum albumin in a range of blood and immune cell cultures including cell lines, primary leukemia samples, and human T lymphocytes. PVA can even replace human serum in the generation and expansion of functional chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, offering a potentially safer and more cost-efficient approach for this clinical cell therapy. In summary, PVA represents a chemically defined, biologically inert, and inexpensive alternative to serum albumin for a range of cell cultures in hematology and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Nishimura
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ian Hsu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Daniel C Martinez-Krams
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Yusuke Nakauchi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Adam C Wilkinson
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
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22
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Interleukin-12 supports in vitro self-renewal of long-term hematopoietic stem cells. BLOOD SCIENCE 2019; 1:92-101. [PMID: 35402790 PMCID: PMC8974953 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renew or differentiate through division. Cytokines are essential for inducing HSC division, but the optimal cytokine combination to control self-renewal of HSC in vitro remains unclear. In this study, we compared the effects of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and thrombopoietin (TPO) in combination with stem cell factor (SCF) on in vitro self-renewal of HSCs. Single-cell assays were used to overcome the heterogeneity issue of HSCs, and serum-free conditions were newly established to permit reproduction of data. In single-cell cultures, CD150+CD48−CD41−CD34−c-Kit+Sca-1+lineage− HSCs divided significantly more slowly in the presence of SCF+IL-12 compared with cells in the presence of SCF+TPO. Serial transplantation of cells from bulk and clonal cultures revealed that TPO was more effective than IL-12 at supporting in vitro self-renewal of short-term (<6 months) HSCs, resulting in a monophasic reconstitution wave formation, whereas IL-12 was more effective than TPO at supporting the in vitro self-renewal of long-term (>6 months) HSCs, resulting in a biphasic reconstitution wave formation. The control of division rate in HSCs appeared to be crucial for preventing the loss of self-renewal potential from their in vitro culture.
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23
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Cielo D, Galatola M, Fernandez-Jimenez N, De Leo L, Garcia-Etxebarria K, Loganes C, Tommasini A, Not T, Auricchio R, Greco L, Bilbao JR. Combined Analysis of Methylation and Gene Expression Profiles in Separate Compartments of Small Bowel Mucosa Identified Celiac Disease Patients' Signatures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10020. [PMID: 31292504 PMCID: PMC6620355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
By GWAS studies on celiac disease, gene expression was studied at the level of the whole intestinal mucosa, composed by two different compartments: epithelium and lamina propria. Our aim is to analyse the gene-expression and DNA methylation of candidate genes in each of these compartments. Epithelium was separated from lamina propria in biopsies of CeD patients and CTRs using magnetic beads. Gene-expression was analysed by RT-PC; methylation analysis required bisulfite conversion and NGS. Reverse modulation of gene-expression and methylation in the same cellular compartment was observed for the IL21 and SH2B3 genes in CeD patients relative to CTRs. Bioinformatics analysis highlighted the regulatory elements in the genomic region of SH2B3 that altered methylation levels. The cREL and TNFAIP3 genes showed methylation patterns that were significantly different between CeD patients and CTRs. In CeD, the genes linked to inflammatory processes are up-regulated, whereas the genes involved in the cell adhesion/integrity of the intestinal barrier are down-regulated. These findings suggest a correlation between gene-expression and methylation profile for the IL21 and SH2B3 genes. We identified a “gene-expression phenotype” of CeD and showed that the abnormal response to dietary antigens in CeD might be related not to abnormalities of gene structure but to the regulation of molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cielo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - M Galatola
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy. .,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - N Fernandez-Jimenez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), BioCruces Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain
| | - L De Leo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - K Garcia-Etxebarria
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), BioCruces Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain
| | - C Loganes
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - A Tommasini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - T Not
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), BioCruces Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - R Auricchio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - L Greco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - J R Bilbao
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), BioCruces Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain
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24
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Single-Cell Assays Using Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31273740 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9631-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo division, making two daughter cells with unique fate decision choices, that is, whether to self-renew to maintain stemness or differentiate to committed progenitors. Since HSCs are heterogeneous in nature understanding this phenomenon at the single cell level is important. In vitro single-cell assays like the paired-daughter cell and myeloid multilineage differentiation are useful to understand this unique stem cell process. Both assays are performed using cytokine combination which allows four-lineage myeloid differentiation-neutrophil, erythroid, macrophage/monocyte, and megakaryocyte. Paired-daughter cell assay examines symmetric or asymmetric retention of four myeloid lineages after first cell division in the paired-daughter cells. Thus, it defines asymmetric versus symmetric division patterns in the paired daughter cells. Thus, this assay may provide HSC fate decision cues. Myeloid multilineage differentiation assay examines the ability of a single cell to form multipotent clones containing four or less myeloid lineages. Here, we discuss in detail methodology of these assays.
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25
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Wilkinson AC, Ishida R, Kikuchi M, Sudo K, Morita M, Crisostomo RV, Yamamoto R, Loh KM, Nakamura Y, Watanabe M, Nakauchi H, Yamazaki S. Long-term ex vivo haematopoietic-stem-cell expansion allows nonconditioned transplantation. Nature 2019; 571:117-121. [PMID: 31142833 PMCID: PMC7006049 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent self-renewing haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) regenerate the adult blood system after transplantation1, which is a curative therapy for numerous diseases including immunodeficiencies and leukaemias2. Although substantial effort has been applied to identifying HSC maintenance factors through the characterization of the in vivo bone-marrow HSC microenvironment or niche3-5, stable ex vivo HSC expansion has previously been unattainable6,7. Here we describe the development of a defined, albumin-free culture system that supports the long-term ex vivo expansion of functional mouse HSCs. We used a systematic optimization approach, and found that high levels of thrombopoietin synergize with low levels of stem-cell factor and fibronectin to sustain HSC self-renewal. Serum albumin has long been recognized as a major source of biological contaminants in HSC cultures8; we identify polyvinyl alcohol as a functionally superior replacement for serum albumin that is compatible with good manufacturing practice. These conditions afford between 236- and 899-fold expansions of functional HSCs over 1 month, although analysis of clonally derived cultures suggests that there is considerable heterogeneity in the self-renewal capacity of HSCs ex vivo. Using this system, HSC cultures that are derived from only 50 cells robustly engraft in recipient mice without the normal requirement for toxic pre-conditioning (for example, radiation), which may be relevant for HSC transplantation in humans. These findings therefore have important implications for both basic HSC research and clinical haematology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Wilkinson
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Reiko Ishida
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misako Kikuchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sudo
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Maiko Morita
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ralph Valentine Crisostomo
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryo Yamamoto
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford UC Berkeley Siebel Stem Cell Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Motoo Watanabe
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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26
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The BRISC deubiquitinating enzyme complex limits hematopoietic stem cell expansion by regulating JAK2 K63-ubiquitination. Blood 2019; 133:1560-1571. [PMID: 30755420 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-10-877563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis is controlled by cytokine receptor-mediated Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) signaling. We previously found that JAK2 is promptly ubiquitinated upon cytokine stimulation. Whether a competing JAK2 deubiquitination activity exists is unknown. LNK is an essential adaptor protein that constrains HSC expansion through dampening thrombopoietin (TPO)-induced JAK2 signaling. We show here that a LNK-associated lysine-63 (K63)-deubiquitinating enzyme complex, Brcc36 isopeptidase complex (BRISC), attenuates HSC expansion through control of JAK2 signaling. We pinpoint a direct interaction between the LNK SH2 domain and a phosphorylated tyrosine residue in KIAA0157 (Abraxas2), a unique and defining BRISC component. Kiaa0157 deficiency in mice led to an expansion of phenotypic and functional HSCs. Endogenous JAK2 and phospho-JAK2 were rapidly K63-ubiquitinated upon TPO stimulation, and this action was augmented in cells depleted of the BRISC core components KIAA0157, MERIT40, or BRCC36. This increase in JAK2 ubiquitination after BRISC knockdown was associated with increased TPO-mediated JAK2 activation and protein levels, and increased MPL receptor presence at the cell surface. In addition, BRISC depletion promoted membrane proximal association between the MPL receptor and pJAK2/JAK2, thus enhancing activated JAK2/MPL at the cell membrane. These findings define a novel pathway by which K63-ubiquitination promotes JAK2 stability and activation in a proteasome-independent manner. Moreover, mutations in BRCC36 are found in clonal hematopoiesis in humans. This research may shed light on the mechanistic understanding of a potential role of BRCC36 in human HSCs.
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27
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Balcerek J, Jiang J, Li Y, Jiang Q, Holdreith N, Singh B, Chandra V, Lv K, Ren JG, Rozenova K, Li W, Greenberg RA, Tong W. Lnk/Sh2b3 deficiency restores hematopoietic stem cell function and genome integrity in Fancd2 deficient Fanconi anemia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3915. [PMID: 30254368 PMCID: PMC6156422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a bone marrow failure (BMF) syndrome that arises from mutations in a network of FA genes essential for DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair and replication stress tolerance. While allogeneic stem cell transplantation can replace defective HSCs, interventions to mitigate HSC defects in FA do not exist. Remarkably, we reveal here that Lnk (Sh2b3) deficiency restores HSC function in Fancd2−/− mice. Lnk deficiency does not impact ICL repair, but instead stabilizes stalled replication forks in a manner, in part, dependent upon alleviating blocks to cytokine−mediated JAK2 signaling. Lnk deficiency restores proliferation and survival of Fancd2−/− HSCs, while reducing replication stress and genomic instability. Furthermore, deletion of LNK in human FA-like HSCs promotes clonogenic growth. These findings highlight a new role for cytokine/JAK signaling in promoting replication fork stability, illuminate replication stress as a major underlying origin of BMF in FA, and have strong therapeutic implications. Loss of Fancd2 leads to replication stress intolerance and Fanconi Anemia, where haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function is compromised. Here, the authors show that Lnk/Sh2b3 loss restores HSC proliferation and survival in Fancd2 knockout mice and ameliorates replication stress in a cytokine/JAK2 signaling dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Balcerek
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225001, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qinqin Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Cancer Research Institute and Basser Center for BRCA, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Holdreith
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brijendra Singh
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vemika Chandra
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kaosheng Lv
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jian-Gang Ren
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Krasimira Rozenova
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Cancer Research Institute and Basser Center for BRCA, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Roger A Greenberg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Cancer Research Institute and Basser Center for BRCA, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Platelets are anuclear blood cells required for haemostasis and are implicated in other processes including inflammation and metastasis. Platelets are produced by megakaryocytes, specialized cells that are themselves generated by a process of controlled differentiation and maturation of bone-marrow stem and progenitor cells. This process of megakaryopoiesis involves the coordinated interplay of transcription factor-controlled cellular programming with extra-cellular cues produced locally in supporting niches or as circulating factors. This review focuses on these external cues, the cytokines and chemokines, that drive production of megakaryocytes and support the terminal process of platelet release. Emphasis is given to thrombopoietin (Tpo), the major cytokine regulator of steady-state megakaryopoiesis, and its specific cell surface receptor, the Mpl protein, including normal and pathological roles as well as clinical application. The potential for alternative or supplementary regulatory mechanisms for platelet production, particularly in times of acute need, or in states of infection or inflammation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Behrens
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Australia
- b Department of Medical Biology , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Warren S Alexander
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Australia
- b Department of Medical Biology , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
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29
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Zhai Y, Wei R, Liu J, Wang H, Cai W, Zhao M, Hu Y, Wang S, Yang T, Liu X, Yang J, Liu S. Drug-induced premature senescence model in human dental follicle stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7276-7293. [PMID: 28030852 PMCID: PMC5352320 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is identified by a progressive decline of physiological integrity leading to age-related degenerative diseases, but its causes is unclear. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) has a remarkable rejuvenated capacity that relies on its resident stem cells. However, because of the lack of proper senescence models, exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms has been hindered. Here, we established a cellular model utilizing a hydroxyurea (HU) treatment protocol and effectively induced Human dental pulp stem cells to undergo cellular senescence. Age-related phenotypic changes were identified by augmented senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, declined proliferation and differentiation capacity, elevated G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, increased apoptosis and reactive oxygen species levels. Furthermore, we tested the expression of key genes in various DNA repair pathways including nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) pathways. In addition, our results showed that Dental pulp stem cells from young donors are more resistant to apoptosis and exhibit increased non-homologous end joining activity compared to old donors. Further transcriptome analysis demonstrate that multiple pathways are involved in the HU-induced Dental pulp stem cells ageing, including genes associated with DNA damage and repair, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species levels. Taken together, the cellular model have important implications for understanding the molecular exploration of Dental pulp stem cells senescence and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfen Zhai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Rongbin Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yongguang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tianshu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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30
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Ge Z, Gu Y, Xiao L, Han Q, Li J, Chen B, Yu J, Kawasawa YI, Payne KJ, Dovat S, Song C. Co-existence of IL7R high and SH2B3 low expression distinguishes a novel high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia with Ikaros dysfunction. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46014-46027. [PMID: 27322554 PMCID: PMC5216778 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in children and young adults. Compared to ALL in children, adult ALL has a much lower cure rate. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying high-risk ALL and to develop therapeutic strategies that specifically target genes or pathways in ALL. Here, we explored the IL7R and SH2B3 expression in adult ALL and found that IL7R is significantly higher and Sh2B3 lower expressed in B-ALL compared to normal bone marrow control, and the IL7RhighSH2B3low is associated with high-risk factors, and with high relapse rate and low disease-free survival rate in the patients. We also found that Ikaros deletion was associated with the IL7RhighSH2B3low expression pattern and Ikaros directly binds the IL7R and SH2B3 promoter, and suppresses IL7R and promotes SH2B3 expression. On the other hand, casein kinase inhibitor, which increases Ikaros function, inhibits IL7R and stimulates SH2B3 expression in an Ikaros dependent manner. Our data indicate that IL7RhighSH2B3low expression distinguishes a novel subset of high-risk B-ALL associated with Ikaros dysfunction, and also suggest the therapeutic potential for treatment that combines casein kinase inhibitor, as an Ikaros activator, with drugs that target the IL7R signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ge
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lichan Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - James Yu
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Penn State Hershey Genome Sciences Facility, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Kimberly J Payne
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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31
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Naudin C, Chevalier C, Roche S. The role of small adaptor proteins in the control of oncogenic signalingr driven by tyrosine kinases in human cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11033-55. [PMID: 26788993 PMCID: PMC4905456 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation on tyrosine (Tyr) residues has evolved as an important mechanism to coordinate cell communication in multicellular organisms. The importance of this process has been revealed by the discovery of the prominent oncogenic properties of tyrosine kinases (TK) upon deregulation of their physiological activities, often due to protein overexpression and/or somatic mutation. Recent reports suggest that TK oncogenic signaling is also under the control of small adaptor proteins. These cytosolic proteins lack intrinsic catalytic activity and signal by linking two functional members of a catalytic pathway. While most adaptors display positive regulatory functions, a small group of this family exerts negative regulatory functions by targeting several components of the TK signaling cascade. Here, we review how these less studied adaptor proteins negatively control TK activities and how their loss of function induces abnormal TK signaling, promoting tumor formation. We also discuss the therapeutic consequences of this novel regulatory mechanism in human oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Naudin
- CNRS UMR5237, University Montpellier, CRBM, Montpellier, France.,Present address: INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Clément Chevalier
- CNRS UMR5237, University Montpellier, CRBM, Montpellier, France.,Present address: SFR Biosit (UMS CNRS 3480/US INSERM 018), MRic Photonics Platform, University Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Serge Roche
- CNRS UMR5237, University Montpellier, CRBM, Montpellier, France.,Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2014, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
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32
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Lunger I, Fawaz M, Rieger MA. Single-cell analyses to reveal hematopoietic stem cell fate decisions. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2195-2212. [PMID: 28600837 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the best studied adult stem cells with enormous clinical value. Most of our knowledge about their biology relies on assays at the single HSC level. However, only the recent advances in developing new single cell technologies allowed the elucidation of the complex regulation of HSC fate decision control. This Review will focus on current attempts to investigate individual HSCs at molecular and functional levels. The advantages of these technologies leading to groundbreaking insights into hematopoiesis will be highlighted, and the challenges facing these technologies will be discussed. The importance of combining molecular and functional assays to enlighten regulatory networks of HSC fate decision control, ideally at high temporal resolution, becomes apparent for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Lunger
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Malak Fawaz
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael A Rieger
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Lv K, Jiang J, Donaghy R, Riling CR, Cheng Y, Chandra V, Rozenova K, An W, Mohapatra BC, Goetz BT, Pillai V, Han X, Todd EA, Jeschke GR, Langdon WY, Kumar S, Hexner EO, Band H, Tong W. CBL family E3 ubiquitin ligases control JAK2 ubiquitination and stability in hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid malignancies. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1007-1023. [PMID: 28611190 PMCID: PMC5495118 DOI: 10.1101/gad.297135.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, Lv et al. report that the CBL family E3 ubiquitin ligases down-regulate JAK2 stability and signaling via the adaptor protein LNK/SH2B3. Their results reveal a novel signaling axis that regulates JAK2 in normal and malignant HSPCs and suggest new therapeutic strategies for treating CBLmut myeloid malignancies. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is a central kinase in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and its uncontrolled activation is a prominent oncogenic driver of hematopoietic neoplasms. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of JAK2 have remained elusive. Here we report that the Casitas B-cell lymphoma (CBL) family E3 ubiquitin ligases down-regulate JAK2 stability and signaling via the adaptor protein LNK/SH2B3. We demonstrated that depletion of CBL/CBL-B or LNK abrogated JAK2 ubiquitination, extended JAK2 half-life, and enhanced JAK2 signaling and cell growth in human cell lines as well as primary murine HSPCs. Built on these findings, we showed that JAK inhibitor (JAKi) significantly reduced aberrant HSPCs and mitigated leukemia development in a mouse model of aggressive myeloid leukemia driven by loss of Cbl and Cbl-b. Importantly, primary human CBL mutated (CBLmut) leukemias exhibited increased JAK2 protein levels and signaling and were hypersensitive to JAKi. Loss-of-function mutations in CBL E3 ubiquitin ligases are found in a wide range of myeloid malignancies, which are diseases without effective treatment options. Hence, our studies reveal a novel signaling axis that regulates JAK2 in normal and malignant HSPCs and suggest new therapeutic strategies for treating CBLmut myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaosheng Lv
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ryan Donaghy
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | - Ying Cheng
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Vemika Chandra
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Krasimira Rozenova
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Wei An
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA
| | - Bhopal C Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA
| | - Benjamin T Goetz
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA
| | - Vinodh Pillai
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Emily A Todd
- Progenra, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, USA
| | - Grace R Jeschke
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Wallace Y Langdon
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Progenra, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, USA
| | - Elizabeth O Hexner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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34
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Maslah N, Cassinat B, Verger E, Kiladjian JJ, Velazquez L. The role of LNK/SH2B3 genetic alterations in myeloproliferative neoplasms and other hematological disorders. Leukemia 2017; 31:1661-1670. [PMID: 28484264 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malignant hematological diseases are mainly because of the occurrence of molecular abnormalities leading to the deregulation of signaling pathways essential for precise cell behavior. High-resolution genome analysis using microarray and large-scale sequencing have helped identify several important acquired gene mutations that are responsible for such signaling deregulations across different hematological malignancies. In particular, the genetic landscape of classical myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) has been in large part completed with the identification of driver mutations (targeting the cytokine receptor/Janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK2) pathway) that determine MPN phenotype, as well as additional mutations mainly affecting the regulation of gene expression (epigenetics or splicing regulators) and signaling. At present, most efforts concentrate in understanding how all these genetic alterations intertwine together to influence disease evolution and/or dictate clinical phenotype in order to use them to personalize diagnostic and clinical care. However, it is now evident that factors other than somatic mutations also play an important role in MPN disease initiation and progression, among which germline predisposition (single-nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes) may strongly influence the occurrence of MPNs. In this context, the LNK inhibitory adaptor protein encoded by the LNK/SH2B adaptor protein 3 (SH2B3) gene is the target of several genetic variations, acquired or inherited in MPNs, lymphoid leukemia and nonmalignant hematological diseases, underlying its importance in these pathological processes. As LNK adaptor is a key regulator of normal hematopoiesis, understanding the consequences of LNK variants on its protein functions and on driver or other mutations could be helpful to correlate genotype and phenotype of patients and to develop therapeutic strategies to target this molecule. In this review we summarize the current knowledge of LNK function in normal hematopoiesis, the different SH2B3 mutations reported to date and discuss how these genetic variations may influence the development of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maslah
- APHP, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Inserm UMRS 1131, IUH, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - B Cassinat
- APHP, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Inserm UMRS 1131, IUH, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - E Verger
- APHP, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Inserm UMRS 1131, IUH, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - J-J Kiladjian
- Inserm UMRS 1131, IUH, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,APHP, Centre d'investigations Cliniques, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - L Velazquez
- INSERM UMRS-MD1197, Institut André Lwoff/Université Paris XI, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
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35
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The Use of Endothelial Progenitor Cells for the Regeneration of Musculoskeletal and Neural Tissues. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1960804. [PMID: 28458693 PMCID: PMC5387841 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1960804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) derived from bone marrow and blood can differentiate into endothelial cells and promote neovascularization. In addition, EPCs are a promising cell source for the repair of various types of vascularized tissues and have been used in animal experiments and clinical trials for tissue repair. In this review, we focused on the kinetics of endogenous EPCs during tissue repair and the application of EPCs or stem cell populations containing EPCs for tissue regeneration in musculoskeletal and neural tissues including the bone, skeletal muscle, ligaments, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. EPCs can be mobilized from bone marrow and recruited to injured tissue to contribute to neovascularization and tissue repair. In addition, EPCs or stem cell populations containing EPCs promote neovascularization and tissue repair through their differentiation to endothelial cells or tissue-specific cells, the upregulation of growth factors, and the induction and activation of endogenous stem cells. Human peripheral blood CD34(+) cells containing EPCs have been used in clinical trials of bone repair. Thus, EPCs are a promising cell source for the treatment of musculoskeletal and neural tissue injury.
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36
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p190-B RhoGAP and intracellular cytokine signals balance hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell self-renewal and differentiation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14382. [PMID: 28176763 PMCID: PMC5309857 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) fate choices remain ill-defined. Here, we show that a signalling network of p190-B RhoGAP-ROS-TGF-β-p38MAPK balances HSPC self-renewal and differentiation. Upon transplantation, HSPCs express high amounts of bioactive TGF-β1 protein, which is associated with high levels of p38MAPK activity and loss of HSC self-renewal in vivo. Elevated levels of bioactive TGF-β1 are associated with asymmetric fate choice in vitro in single HSPCs via p38MAPK activity and this is correlated with the asymmetric distribution of activated p38MAPK. In contrast, loss of p190-B, a RhoGTPase inhibitor, normalizes TGF-β levels and p38MAPK activity in HSPCs and is correlated with increased HSC self-renewal in vivo. Loss of p190-B also promotes symmetric retention of multi-lineage capacity in single HSPC myeloid cell cultures, further suggesting a link between p190-B-RhoGAP and non-canonical TGF-β signalling in HSPC differentiation. Thus, intracellular cytokine signalling may serve as ‘fate determinants' used by HSPCs to modulate their activity. The success of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation relies on understanding what regulates the fate decision to self-renew. Here, the authors show using both in vitro assays and in vivo transplantation that loss of the RhoGAP p190-B enhances self-renewal by inhibiting TGFβ/p38 signalling.
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37
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Enhanced thrombopoietin but not G-CSF receptor stimulation induces self-renewing hematopoietic stem cell divisions in vivo. Blood 2016; 127:3175-9. [PMID: 27146433 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-09-669929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In steady-state adult hematopoiesis, most hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are in the resting phase of the cell cycle. Upon enhanced hematopoietic demand, HSCs can be induced to divide and self-renew or differentiate. However, the cell-extrinsic signals inducing HSC cycling remain to be elucidated. Using in vivo high-resolution single HSC divisional tracking, we directly demonstrate that clinically applied thrombopoietin receptor but not granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor agonists drive HSCs into self-renewing divisions leading to quantitative expansion of functional HSC as defined by their in vivo serial multilineage and long-term repopulating potential. These results suggest that thrombopoietin mimetics might be applicable to expand HSCs in vivo and to sensitize thrombopoietin receptor-expressing HSCs to cell cycle-dependent cytotoxic agents.
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38
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Cheng Y, Chikwava K, Wu C, Zhang H, Bhagat A, Pei D, Choi JK, Tong W. LNK/SH2B3 regulates IL-7 receptor signaling in normal and malignant B-progenitors. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1267-81. [PMID: 26974155 DOI: 10.1172/jci81468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) is a high-risk ALL commonly associated with alterations that affect the tyrosine kinase pathway, tumor suppressors, and lymphoid transcription factors. Loss-of-function mutations in the gene-encoding adaptor protein LNK (also known as SH2B3) are found in Ph-like ALLs; however, it is not clear how LNK regulates normal B cell development or promotes leukemogenesis. Here, we have shown that combined loss of Lnk and tumor suppressors Tp53 or Ink4a/Arf in mice triggers a highly aggressive and transplantable precursor B-ALL. Tp53-/-Lnk-/- B-ALLs displayed similar gene expression profiles to human Ph-like B-ALLs, supporting use of this model for preclinical and molecular studies. Preleukemic Tp53-/-Lnk-/- pro-B progenitors were hypersensitive to IL-7, exhibited marked self-renewal in vitro and in vivo, and were able to initiate B-ALL in transplant recipients. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that LNK regulates pro-B progenitor homeostasis by attenuating IL-7-stimuated JAK/STAT5 signaling via a direct interaction with phosphorylated JAK3. Moreover, JAK inhibitors were effective in prolonging survival of mice transplanted with Lnk-/-Tp53-/- leukemia. Additionally, synergistic administration of PI3K/mTOR and JAK inhibitors further abrogated leukemia development. Hence, our results suggest that LNK suppresses IL-7R/JAK/STAT signaling to restrict pro-/pre-B progenitor expansion and leukemia development, providing a pathogenic mechanism and a potential therapeutic approach for B-ALLs with LNK mutations.
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39
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Thrombopoietin Signaling Pathway Regulates Hepatocyte Activation in Rat Liver Regeneration. Biochem Genet 2015; 53:244-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-015-9685-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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40
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Zhu X, Fang J, Jiang DS, Zhang P, Zhao GN, Zhu X, Yang L, Wei X, Li H. Exacerbating Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy: Novel Role of Adaptor Molecule Src Homology 2-B3. Hypertension 2015; 66:571-81. [PMID: 26101343 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The adaptor protein Src homology 2-B3 (SH2B3), which belongs to a subfamily of Src homology 2 proteins, is a broad inhibitor of growth factors and cytokine signaling in hematopoietic cells. However, the role of SH2B3 in nonhematopoietic systems, particularly cardiomyocytes, has not been defined. In this study, we observed noticeable increase in SH2B3 protein expression during pathological cardiac remodeling in both humans and rodents. Follow-up in vitro gain- and loss-of-function studies suggested that SH2B3 promotes the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy response. Consistent with the cell phenotype, SH2B3 knockout (SH2B3(-/-)) mice exhibited attenuated cardiac remodeling with preserved cardiac function after chronic pressure overload. Conversely, cardiac-specific SH2B3 overexpression aggravated pressure overload-triggered cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction. Mechanistically, SH2B3 accelerates and exacerbates cardiac remodeling through the activation of focal adhesion kinase, which, in turn, activates the prohypertrophic downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin/glycogen synthase kinase 3β signaling pathway. Finally, we generated a novel SH2B3 knockout rat line and further confirmed the protective effects of SH2B3 deficiency on cardiac remodeling across species. Collectively, our data indicate that SH2B3 functions as a novel and effective modulator of cardiac remodeling and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehai Zhu
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Jing Fang
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Guang-Nian Zhao
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Ling Yang
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Xiang Wei
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.).
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.).
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41
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Nishikii H, Kanazawa Y, Umemoto T, Goltsev Y, Matsuzaki Y, Matsushita K, Yamato M, Nolan GP, Negrin R, Chiba S. Unipotent Megakaryopoietic Pathway Bridging Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Mature Megakaryocytes. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2196-207. [PMID: 25753067 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent identification of platelet/megakaryocyte-biased hematopoietic stem/repopulating cells requires revision of the intermediate pathway for megakaryopoiesis. Here, we show a unipotent megakaryopoietic pathway bypassing the bipotent megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitors (biEMPs). Cells purified from mouse bone marrow by CD42b (GPIbα) marking were demonstrated to be unipotent megakaryocytic progenitors (MKPs) by culture and transplantation. A subpopulation of freshly isolated CD41(+) cells in the lineage Sca1(+) cKit(+) (LSK) fraction (subCD41(+) LSK) differentiated only into MKP and mature megakaryocytes in culture. Although CD41(+) LSK cells as a whole were capable of differentiating into all myeloid and lymphoid cells in vivo, they produced unipotent MKP, mature megakaryocytes, and platelets in vitro and in vivo much more efficiently than Flt3(+) CD41(-) LSK cells, especially at the early phase after transplantation. In single cell polymerase chain reaction and thrombopoietin (TPO) signaling analyses, the MKP and a fraction of CD41(+) LSK, but not the biEMP, showed the similarities in mRNA expression profile and visible TPO-mediated phosphorylation. On increased demand of platelet production after 5-FU treatment, a part of CD41(+) LSK population expressed CD42b on the surface, and 90% of them showed unipotent megakaryopoietic capacity in single cell culture and predominantly produced platelets in vivo at the early phase after transplantation. These results suggest that the CD41(+) CD42b(+) LSK are straightforward progenies of megakaryocytes/platelet-biased stem/repopulating cells, but not progenies of biEMP. Consequently, we show a unipotent/highly biased megakaryopoietic pathway interconnecting stem/repopulating cells and mature megakaryocytes, the one that may play physiologic roles especially in emergency megakaryopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Nishikii
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yosuke Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Terumasa Umemoto
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yury Goltsev
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University of School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yu Matsuzaki
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsushita
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University of School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Robert Negrin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shigeru Chiba
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Lee SH, Lee KB, Lee JH, Kang S, Kim HG, Asahara T, Kwon SM. Selective Interference Targeting of Lnk in Umbilical Cord-Derived Late Endothelial Progenitor Cells Improves Vascular Repair, Following Hind Limb Ischemic Injury, via Regulation of JAK2/STAT3 Signaling. Stem Cells 2015; 33:1490-500. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital; Seoul South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry; School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University; Cheonan South Korea
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology; Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongnam South Korea
| | - Kyeung Bin Lee
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology; Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongnam South Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology; Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongnam South Korea
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project; Pusan National University, Yangsan Gyeongnam South Korea
| | - Songhwa Kang
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology; Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongnam South Korea
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project; Pusan National University, Yangsan Gyeongnam South Korea
| | - Hwi Gon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Pusan National University, School of Medicine; Busan South Korea
| | - Takayuki Asahara
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Science; Tokai University School of Medicine; Shimokasuya Isehara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Sang Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology; Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongnam South Korea
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project; Pusan National University, Yangsan Gyeongnam South Korea
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43
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Malara A, Abbonante V, Di Buduo CA, Tozzi L, Currao M, Balduini A. The secret life of a megakaryocyte: emerging roles in bone marrow homeostasis control. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1517-36. [PMID: 25572292 PMCID: PMC4369169 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocytes are rare cells found in the bone marrow, responsible for the everyday production and release of millions of platelets into the bloodstream. Since the discovery and cloning, in 1994, of their principal humoral factor, thrombopoietin, and its receptor c-Mpl, many efforts have been directed to define the mechanisms underlying an efficient platelet production. However, more recently different studies have pointed out new roles for megakaryocytes as regulators of bone marrow homeostasis and physiology. In this review we discuss the interaction and the reciprocal regulation of megakaryocytes with the different cellular and extracellular components of the bone marrow environment. Finally, we provide evidence that these processes may concur to the reconstitution of the bone marrow environment after injury and their deregulation may lead to the development of a series of inherited or acquired pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Malara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Abbonante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Christian A. Di Buduo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
| | - Manuela Currao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
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44
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MERIT40 deficiency expands hematopoietic stem cell pools by regulating thrombopoietin receptor signaling. Blood 2015; 125:1730-8. [PMID: 25636339 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-07-588145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and multilineage reconstitution are controlled by positive and negative signaling cues with perturbations leading to disease. Lnk is an essential signaling adaptor protein that dampens signaling by the cytokine thrombopoietin (Tpo) to limit HSC expansion. Here, we show that MERIT40 (Mediator of RAP80 Interactions and Targeting 40 kDa [M40]), a core subunit of an Lnk-associated Lys63 deubiquitinating (DUB) complex, attenuates HSC expansion. M40 deficiency increases the size of phenotypic and functional HSC pools. M40(-/-) HSCs are more resistant to cytoablative stress, and exhibit superior repopulating ability and self-renewal upon serial transplantation. M40(-/-) HSCs display increased quiescence and decelerated cell cycle kinetics accompanied by downregulation of gene sets associated with cell division. Mechanistically, M40 deficiency triggers hypersensitivity to Tpo stimulation and the stem cell phenotypes are abrogated on a background null for the Tpo receptor Mpl. These results establish M40-containing DUB complexes as novel HSC regulators of HSC expansion, implicate Lys63 ubiquitination in HSC signaling, and point to DUB-specific inhibitors as reagents to expand stem cell populations.
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Flister MJ, Hoffman MJ, Lemke A, Prisco SZ, Rudemiller N, O'Meara CC, Tsaih SW, Moreno C, Geurts AM, Lazar J, Adhikari N, Hall JL, Jacob HJ. SH2B3 Is a Genetic Determinant of Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:294-304. [PMID: 25628389 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies are powerful tools for nominating pathogenic variants, but offer little insight as to how candidate genes affect disease outcome. Such is the case for SH2B adaptor protein 3 (SH2B3), which is a negative regulator of multiple cytokine signaling pathways and is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI), but its role in post-MI inflammation and fibrosis is completely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Using an experimental model of MI (left anterior descending artery occlusion/reperfusion injury) in wild-type and Sh2b3 knockout rats (Sh2b3(em2Mcwi)), we assessed the role of Sh2b3 in post-MI fibrosis, leukocyte infiltration, angiogenesis, left ventricle contractility, and inflammatory gene expression. Compared with wild-type, Sh2b3(em2Mcwi) rats had significantly increased fibrosis (2.2-fold; P<0.05) and elevated leukocyte infiltration (>2-fold; P<0.05), which coincided with decreased left ventricle fractional shortening (-Δ11%; P<0.05) at 7 days post left anterior descending artery occlusion/reperfusion injury. Despite an increased angiogenic potential in Sh2b3(em2Mcwi) rats (1.7-fold; P<0.05), we observed no significant differences in left ventricle capillary density between wild-type and Sh2b3(em2Mcwi) rats. In total, 12 genes were significantly elevated in the post left anterior descending artery occluded/reperfused hearts of Sh2b3(em2Mcwi) rats relative to wild-type, of which 3 (NLRP12, CCR2, and IFNγ) were significantly elevated in the left ventricle of heart failure patients carrying the MI-associated rs3184504 [T] SH2B3 risk allele. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate for the first time that SH2B3 is a crucial mediator of post-MI inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Flister
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Matthew J Hoffman
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Angela Lemke
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Sasha Z Prisco
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Nathan Rudemiller
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Caitlin C O'Meara
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Carol Moreno
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Aron M Geurts
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Jozef Lazar
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Neeta Adhikari
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Jennifer L Hall
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.)
| | - Howard J Jacob
- From the Human and Molecular Genetics Center (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., S.-W.T., A.M.G., J.L., H.J.J.), Departments of Physiology (M.J.F., M.J.H., A.L., S.Z.P., N.R., A.M.G., H.J.J.), Dermatology (J.L.), and Pediatrics (H.J.J.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.C.O'M.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease at MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.); and Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (N.A., J.L.H.).
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Abstract
The JAK (Janus kinase) family members serve essential roles as the intracellular signalling effectors of cytokine receptors. This family, comprising JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2 (tyrosine kinase 2), was first described more than 20 years ago, but the complexities underlying their activation, regulation and pleiotropic signalling functions are still being explored. Here, we review the current knowledge of their physiological functions and the causative role of activating and inactivating JAK mutations in human diseases, including haemopoietic malignancies, immunodeficiency and inflammatory diseases. At the molecular level, recent studies have greatly advanced our knowledge of the structures and organization of the component FERM (4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin)-SH2 (Src homology 2), pseudokinase and kinase domains within the JAKs, the mechanism of JAK activation and, in particular, the role of the pseudokinase domain as a suppressor of the adjacent tyrosine kinase domain's catalytic activity. We also review recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of negative regulation exerted by the SH2 domain-containing proteins, SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signalling) proteins and LNK. These recent studies highlight the diversity of regulatory mechanisms utilized by the JAK family to maintain signalling fidelity, and suggest alternative therapeutic strategies to complement existing ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors.
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Mori T, Iwasaki Y, Seki Y, Iseki M, Katayama H, Yamamoto K, Takatsu K, Takaki S. Lnk/Sh2b3 controls the production and function of dendritic cells and regulates the induction of IFN-γ-producing T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1728-36. [PMID: 25024389 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are proficient APCs that play crucial roles in the immune responses to various Ags and pathogens and polarize Th cell immune responses. Lnk/SH2B adaptor protein 3 (Sh2b3) is an intracellular adaptor protein that regulates B lymphopoiesis, megakaryopoiesis, and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells by constraining cytokine signals. Recent genome-wide association studies have revealed a link between polymorphism in this adaptor protein and autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes and celiac disease. We found that Lnk/Sh2b3 was also expressed in DCs and investigated its role in the production and function of DC lineage cells. In Lnk(-/-) mice, DC numbers were increased in the spleen and lymph nodes, and growth responses of bone marrow-derived DCs to GM-CSF were augmented. Mature DCs from Lnk(-/-) mice were hypersensitive and showed enhanced responses to IL-15 and GM-CSF. Compared to normal DCs, Lnk(-/-) DCs had enhanced abilities to support the differentiation of IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells from naive CD4(+) T cells. This was due to their elevated expression of IL-12Rβ1 and increased production of IFN-γ. Lnk(-/-) DCs supported the appearance of IFN-γ-producing T cells even under conditions in which normal DCs supported induction of regulatory T cells. These results indicated that Lnk/Sh2b3 plays a regulatory role in the expansion of DCs and might influence inflammatory immune responses in peripheral lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taizo Mori
- Department of Immune Regulation, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
| | - Yukiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immune Regulation, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan; Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoichi Seki
- Department of Immune Regulation, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
| | - Masanori Iseki
- Department of Immune Regulation, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
| | - Hiroko Katayama
- Department of Immune Regulation, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takatsu
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; and Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takaki
- Department of Immune Regulation, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan;
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Schepers H, Wierenga ATJ, Vellenga E, Schuringa JJ. STAT5-mediated self-renewal of normal hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells. JAKSTAT 2014; 1:13-22. [PMID: 24058747 PMCID: PMC3670129 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.19316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The level of transcription factor activity critically regulates cell fate decisions such as hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The balance between hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation needs to be tightly controlled, as a shift toward differentiation might exhaust the stem cell pool, while a shift toward self-renewal might mark the onset of leukemic transformation. A number of transcription factors have been proposed to be critically involved in governing stem cell fate and lineage commitment, such as Hox transcription factors, c-Myc, Notch1, β-catenin, C/ebpα, Pu.1 and STAT5. It is therefore no surprise that dysregulation of these transcription factors can also contribute to the development of leukemias. This review will discuss the role of STAT5 in both normal and leukemic hematopoietic stem cells as well as mechanisms by which STAT5 might contribute to the development of human leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein Schepers
- Department of Experimental Hematology; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen, The Netherlands ; Department of Stem Cell Biology; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen, The Netherlands
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Bone marrow Schwann cells induce hematopoietic stem cell hibernation. Int J Hematol 2014; 99:695-8. [PMID: 24817152 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-014-1588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are clonogenic cells capable of both self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. In adult mouse bone marrow (BM), most HSCs remain in the non-dividing G0-phase of cell cycle, in close contact with supporting cells known as the HSC "niche". In the present study, we focused on signaling mechanisms that regulate stem cell dormancy in the BM niche. We show that TGF-β type II receptor deficiency causes reduced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and impairs long-term repopulating activity in HSCs, suggesting a significant role for TGF-β/Smad signaling in hematopoiesis. Furthermore, we aimed at defining the candidate BM niche responsible for homeostasis of hematopoiesis, and revealed that non-myelinating Schwann cells sustain HSC hibernation by converting TGF-β from its latent to its active form.
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50
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Katayama H, Mori T, Seki Y, Anraku M, Iseki M, Ikutani M, Iwasaki Y, Yoshida N, Takatsu K, Takaki S. Lnk prevents inflammatory CD8⁺ T-cell proliferation and contributes to intestinal homeostasis. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1622-32. [PMID: 24536025 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular adaptor Lnk (also known as SH2B3) regulates cytokine signals that control lymphohematopoiesis, and Lnk(-/-) mice have expanded B-cell, megakaryocyte, and hematopoietic stem-cell populations. Moreover, mutations in the LNK gene are found in patients with myeloproliferative disease, whereas LNK polymorphisms have recently been associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including celiac disease. Here, we describe a previously unrecognized function of Lnk in the control of inflammatory CD8(+) T-cell proliferation and in intestinal homeostasis. Mature T cells from newly generated Lnk-Venus reporter mice had low but substantial expression of Lnk, whereas Lnk expression was downregulated during homeostatic T-cell proliferation under lymphopenic conditions. The numbers of CD44(hi) IFN-γ(+) CD8(+) effector or memory T cells were found to be increased in Lnk(-/-) mice, which also exhibited shortening of villi in the small intestine. Lnk(-/-) CD8(+) T cells survived longer in response to stimulation with IL-15 and proliferated even in nonlymphopenic hosts. Transfer of Lnk(-/-) CD8(+) T cells together with WT CD4(+) T cells into Rag2-deficient mice recapitulated a sign of villous abnormality. Our results reveal a link between Lnk and immune cell-mediated intestinal tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Katayama
- Department of Immune Regulation, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
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