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Immler R, Nussbaumer K, Doerner A, El Bounkari O, Huber S, Abisch J, Napoli M, Schmidt S, Margraf A, Pruenster M, Rohwedder I, Lange-Sperandio B, Mall MA, de Jong R, Ohnmacht C, Bernhagen J, Voehringer D, Marth JD, Frommhold D, Sperandio M. CCR3-dependent eosinophil recruitment is regulated by sialyltransferase ST3Gal-IV. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319057121. [PMID: 38687790 PMCID: PMC11087806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319057121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophil recruitment is a pathological hallmark of many allergic and helminthic diseases. Here, we investigated chemokine receptor CCR3-induced eosinophil recruitment in sialyltransferase St3gal4-/- mice. We found a marked decrease in eosinophil extravasation into CCL11-stimulated cremaster muscles and into the inflamed peritoneal cavity of St3gal4-/- mice. Ex vivo flow chamber assays uncovered reduced adhesion of St3gal4-/- compared to wild type eosinophils. Using flow cytometry, we show reduced binding of CCL11 to St3gal4-/- eosinophils. Further, we noted reduced binding of CCL11 to its chemokine receptor CCR3 isolated from St3gal4-/- eosinophils. This was accompanied by almost absent CCR3 internalization of CCL11-stimulated St3gal4-/- eosinophils. Applying an ovalbumin-induced allergic airway disease model, we found a dramatic reduction in eosinophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following intratracheal challenge with ovalbumin in St3gal4-deficient mice. Finally, we also investigated tissue-resident eosinophils under homeostatic conditions and found reduced resident eosinophil numbers in the thymus and adipose tissue in the absence of ST3Gal-IV. Taken together, our results demonstrate an important role of ST3Gal-IV in CCR3-induced eosinophil recruitment in vivo rendering this enzyme an attractive target in reducing unwanted eosinophil infiltration in various disorders including allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Immler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Katrin Nussbaumer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Axel Doerner
- Department of Neonatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg69120, Germany
| | - Omar El Bounkari
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München81377, Germany
| | - Silke Huber
- Institute of Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München80336, Germany
| | - Janine Abisch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Matteo Napoli
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Sarah Schmidt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Andreas Margraf
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Monika Pruenster
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Ina Rohwedder
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Baerbel Lange-Sperandio
- von Haunersches Kinderspital, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München80336, Germany
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin13353, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin10117, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research, Associated Partner Site, Berlin13353, Germany
| | - Renske de Jong
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, München80802, Germany
| | - Caspar Ohnmacht
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, München80802, Germany
| | - Juergen Bernhagen
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München81377, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, München81377, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, München80336, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Institute of Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München80336, Germany
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen91054, Germany
| | - Jamey D. Marth
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, San Diego, CA92037
| | - David Frommhold
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
- Children’s Hospital Memmingen, Memmingen87700, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
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2
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Day KS, Rempel L, Rossi FMV, Theret M. Origins and functions of eosinophils in two non-mucosal tissues. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368142. [PMID: 38585275 PMCID: PMC10995313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are a type of granulocyte named after the presence of their eosin-stained granules. Traditionally, eosinophils have been best known to play prominent roles in anti-parasitic responses and mediating allergic reactions. Knowledge of their behaviour has expanded with time, and they are now recognized to play integral parts in the homeostasis of gastrointestinal, respiratory, skeletal muscle, adipose, and connective tissue systems. As such, they are implicated in a myriad of pathologies, and have been the target of several medical therapies. This review focuses on the lifespan of eosinophils, from their origins in the bone marrow, to their tissue-resident role. In particular, we wish to highlight the functions of eosinophils in non-mucosal tissues with skeletal muscle and the adipose tissues as examples, and to discuss the current understanding of their participation in diseased states in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S. Day
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Rempel
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fabio M. V. Rossi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marine Theret
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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3
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Solomon Y, Malkamu B, Berhan A, Eyayu T, Almaw A, Legese B, Woldu B. Peripheral blood eosinophilia in adult asthmatic patients and its association with the severity of asthma. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:96. [PMID: 36949398 PMCID: PMC10031890 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a diverse disease with various etiologic bases. Severe asthma can be associated with increased mortality, hospitalization, and decreased quality of life for asthma patients. High blood eosinophil counts were associated with severe asthma, but recent studies have failed to confirm this as a marker of severe asthma among adult asthma patients. As a result, the purpose of this study was to determine the association between the severity of asthma and high blood eosinophil count. METHODOLOGY A simple random sampling technique was used to select 291 asthmatic patients for an institution-based cross-sectional study. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics were collected by using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Four milliliters of venous blood were collected from asthmatic patients for complete blood count and peripheral morphology assessment. The eosinophil count was analyzed by the Unicel DxH 800 (Beckman Coulter, Ireland) analyzer. A statistical package for social science version 20 (SPSS) software was used to analyze the data. The non-parametric (Mann-Whitney U) test was used to compare the eosinophil count with different background variables. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the factors associated with eosinophilia. A p-value less than 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression analysis was considered statistically significant. RESULT In this study, the overall magnitude of eosinophilia was 19.6% (95% CI = 14.8-24.1). Being admitted to the emergency department (AOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.09-0.69, p = 0.007) and being female (AOR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.26-0.9, p = 0.025) were shown to have a statistically significant association with eosinophilia. Moreover, the absolute eosinophil count was significantly higher among asthmatic patients infected with intestinal parasitic infection (p < 0.045). CONCLUSION Being female and admission to the emergency department were negatively associated with eosinophilia. Lack of eosinophilia can be related to the low-T2 asthma phenotype. The absolute eosinophil counts were higher among intestinal parasite-infected patients. Therefore, different biomarkers will be considered for the proper diagnosis and management of adult asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenealem Solomon
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
| | - Birhanemaskal Malkamu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Ayenew Berhan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tahir Eyayu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Andargachew Almaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Legese
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Woldu
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Biologic Therapies for Asthma and Allergic Disease: Past, Present, and Future. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the mechanism underlying allergic disease, mouse models of asthma, and bronchoscopy studies provided initial insights into the role of Th2-type cytokines, including interlukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13, which became the target of monoclonal antibody therapy. Omalizumab, Benralizumab, Mepolizumab, Reslizumab, and Tezepelumab have been approved. These biologicals have been shown to be good alternative therapies to corticosteroids, particularly in severe asthma management, where they can improve the quality of life of many patients. Given the success in asthma, these drugs have been used in other diseases with type 2 inflammation, including chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria. Like the Th2-type cytokines, chemokines have also been the target of novel monoclonal therapies. However, they have not proved successful to date. In this review, targeted therapy is addressed from its inception to future applications in allergic diseases.
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5
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Wiese AV, Duhn J, Korkmaz RÜ, Quell KM, Osman I, Ender F, Schröder T, Lewkowich I, Hogan S, Huber-Lang M, Gumprecht F, König P, Köhl J, Laumonnier Y. C5aR1 activation in mice controls inflammatory eosinophil recruitment and functions in allergic asthma. Allergy 2023. [PMID: 36757006 DOI: 10.1111/all.15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary eosinophils comprise at least two distinct populations of resident eosinophils (rEOS) and inflammatory eosinophils (iEOS), the latter recruited in response to pulmonary inflammation. Here, we determined the impact of complement activation on rEOS and iEOS trafficking and function in two models of pulmonary inflammation. METHODS BALB/c wild-type and C5ar1-/- mice were exposed to different allergens or IL-33. Eosinophil populations in the airways, lung, or mediastinal lymph nodes (mLN) were characterized by FACS or immunohistochemistry. rEOS and iEOS functions were determined in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS HDM and IL-33 exposure induced a strong accumulation of iEOS but not rEOS in the airways, lungs, and mLNs. rEOS and iEOS expressed C3/C5 and C5aR1, which were significantly higher in iEOS. Initial pulmonary trafficking of iEOS was markedly reduced in C5ar1-/- mice and associated with less IL-5 production from ILC2 cells. Functionally, adoptively transferred pulmonary iEOS from WT but not from C5ar1-/- mice-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), which was associated with significantly reduced C5ar1-/- iEOS degranulation. Pulmonary iEOS but not rEOS were frequently associated with T cells in lung tissue. After HDM or IL-33 exposure, iEOS but not rEOS were found in mLNs, which were significantly reduced in C5ar1-/- mice. C5ar1-/- iEOS expressed less costimulatory molecules, associated with a decreased potency to drive antigen-specific T cell proliferation and differentiation into memory T cells. CONCLUSIONS We uncovered novel roles for C5aR1 in iEOS trafficking and activation, which affects key aspects of allergic inflammation such as AHR, ILC2, and T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Wiese
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jannis Duhn
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rabia Ülkü Korkmaz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katharina M Quell
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Osman
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fanny Ender
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Torsten Schröder
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein & University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ian Lewkowich
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Simon Hogan
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology (ITI), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Peter König
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein & University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
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6
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August A, Marichal T. Eosinophils and Lung Mucosal Antibody Production: Is Location the Key? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:124-126. [PMID: 36306503 PMCID: PMC9986563 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0410ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Avery August
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology Cornell University Ithaca, New York
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7
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Ong KL, Davis MD, Purnell KK, Cutshall H, Pal HC, Connelly AN, Fay CX, Kuznetsova V, Brown EE, Hel Z. Distinct phenotype of neutrophil, monocyte, and eosinophil populations indicates altered myelopoiesis in a subset of patients with multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1074779. [PMID: 36733370 PMCID: PMC9888259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1074779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM), promote systemic immune dysregulation resulting in an alteration and increased plasticity of myeloid cell subsets. To determine the heterogeneity of the myeloid cell compartment in the peripheral blood of patients with MM, we performed a detailed investigation of the phenotype and function of myeloid subpopulations. We report that a subset of MM patients exhibits a specific myeloid cell phenotype indicative of altered myelopoiesis characterized by significant changes in the properties of circulating granulocytic, monocytic, and eosinophilic populations. The subset, referred to as MM2, is defined by a markedly elevated level of CD64 (FcγRI) on the surface of circulating neutrophils. Compared to healthy controls or MM1 patients displaying intermediate levels of CD64, neutrophils from MM2 patients exhibit a less differentiated phenotype, low levels of CD10 and CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), increased capacity for the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and an expansion of CD16neg immature neutrophil subset. Classical and patrolling monocytes from MM2 patients express elevated levels of CD64 and activation markers. MM2 eosinophils display lower levels of C-C Chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4, CD284), and tissue factor (TF, CD142). The MM2 (CD64high) phenotype is independent of age, race, sex, and treatment type. Characteristic features of the MM2 (CD64high) phenotype are associated with myeloma-defining events including elevated involved/uninvolved immunoglobulin free light chain (FLC) ratio at diagnosis. Detailed characterization of the altered myeloid phenotype in multiple myeloma will likely facilitate the identification of patients with an increased risk of disease progression and open new avenues for the rational design of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle L. Ong
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Marcus D. Davis
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kalyn K. Purnell
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hannah Cutshall
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Harish C. Pal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ashley N. Connelly
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christian X. Fay
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Valeriya Kuznetsova
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Elizabeth E. Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zdenek Hel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,*Correspondence: Zdenek Hel,
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8
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Li Y, Yu H, Feng J. Role of chemokine-like factor 1 as an inflammatory marker in diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1085154. [PMID: 36865551 PMCID: PMC9971601 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoinflammatory mechanisms have been incrementally found to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, with chemokines being the main drivers of immune cell infiltration in the inflammatory response. Chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1), a novel chemokine, is highly expressed in the human peripheral blood leukocytes and exerts broad-spectrum chemotactic and pro-proliferative effects by activating multiple downstream signaling pathways upon binding to its functional receptors. Furthermore, the relationship between CKLF1 overexpression and various systemic diseases has been demonstrated in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. In this context, it is promising that clarifying the downstream mechanism of CKLF1 and identifying its upstream regulatory sites can yield new strategies for targeted therapeutics of immunoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Li
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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9
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Tateyama N, Asano T, Suzuki H, Li G, Yoshikawa T, Tanaka T, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Epitope Mapping of Anti-Mouse CCR3 Monoclonal Antibodies Using Flow Cytometry. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11040075. [PMID: 36546900 PMCID: PMC9774254 DOI: 10.3390/antib11040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) is a receptor for CC chemokines, including CCL5/RANTES, CCL7/MCP-3, and CCL11/eotaxin. CCR3 is expressed on the surface of eosinophils, basophils, a subset of Th2 lymphocytes, mast cells, and airway epithelial cells. CCR3 and its ligands are involved in airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic asthma, ocular allergies, and cancers. Therefore, CCR3 is an attractive target for those therapies. Previously, anti-mouse CCR3 (mCCR3) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), C3Mab-3 (rat IgG2a, kappa), and C3Mab-4 (rat IgG2a, kappa) were developed using the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening (CBIS) method. In this study, the binding epitope of these mAbs was investigated using flow cytometry. A CCR3 extracellular domain-substituted mutant analysis showed that C3Mab-3, C3Mab-4, and a commercially available mAb (J073E5) recognized the N-terminal region (amino acids 1-38) of mCCR3. Next, alanine scanning was conducted in the N-terminal region. The results revealed that the Ala2, Phe3, Asn4, and Thr5 of mCCR3 are involved in C3Mab-3 binding, whereas Ala2, Phe3, and Thr5 are essential to C3Mab-4 binding, and Ala2 and Phe3 are crucial to J073E5 binding. These results reveal the involvement of the N-terminus of mCCR3 in the recognition of C3Mab-3, C3Mab-4, and J073E5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Tateyama
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Teizo Asano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (Y.K.); Tel.: +81-22-717-8207 (H.S. & Y.K.)
| | - Guanjie Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (Y.K.); Tel.: +81-22-717-8207 (H.S. & Y.K.)
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10
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Jiang Y, Pan Q, Zhu X, Liu J, Liu Z, Deng Y, Liu W, Liu Y. Knockdown of CCR3 gene inhibits Proliferation, migration and degranulation of eosinophils in mice by downregulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Wang YH, Noyer L, Kahlfuss S, Raphael D, Tao AY, Kaufmann U, Zhu J, Mitchell-Flack M, Sidhu I, Zhou F, Vaeth M, Thomas PG, Saunders SP, Stauderman K, Curotto de Lafaille MA, Feske S. Distinct roles of ORAI1 in T cell-mediated allergic airway inflammation and immunity to influenza A virus infection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn6552. [PMID: 36206339 PMCID: PMC9544339 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn6552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
T cell activation and function depend on Ca2+ signals mediated by store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels formed by ORAI1 proteins. We here investigated how SOCE controls T cell function in pulmonary inflammation during a T helper 1 (TH1) cell-mediated response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection and TH2 cell-mediated allergic airway inflammation. T cell-specific deletion of Orai1 did not exacerbate pulmonary inflammation and viral burdens following IAV infection but protected mice from house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation. ORAI1 controlled the expression of genes including p53 and E2F transcription factors that regulate the cell cycle in TH2 cells in response to allergen stimulation and the expression of transcription factors and cytokines that regulate TH2 cell function. Systemic application of a CRAC channel blocker suppressed allergic airway inflammation without compromising immunity to IAV infection, suggesting that inhibition of SOCE is a potential treatment for allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hu Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lucile Noyer
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sascha Kahlfuss
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dimitrius Raphael
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anthony Y. Tao
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ulrike Kaufmann
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jingjie Zhu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marisa Mitchell-Flack
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ikjot Sidhu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Martin Vaeth
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sean P. Saunders
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Maria A. Curotto de Lafaille
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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12
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Khokhar D, Marella S, Idelman G, Chang JW, Chehade M, Hogan SP. Eosinophilic esophagitis: Immune mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Clin Exp Allergy 2022; 52:1142-1156. [PMID: 35778876 PMCID: PMC9547832 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging chronic inflammatory disease of the oesophagus and is clinically characterized by upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including dysphagia and esophageal food impaction. Histopathologic manifestations, which include intraepithelial eosinophilic inflammation and alterations of the esophageal squamous epithelium, such as basal zone hyperplasia (BZH) and dilated intercellular spaces (DIS), are thought to contribute to esophageal dysfunction and disease symptoms. Corroborative clinical and discovery science-based studies have established that EoE is characterized by an underlying allergic inflammatory response, in part, related to the IL-13/CCL26/eosinophil axis driving dysregulation of several key epithelial barrier and proliferative regulatory genes including kallikrein (KLK) serine proteases, calpain 14 (CAPN14) and anoctamin 1 (ANO1). The contribution of these inflammatory and proliferative processes to the clinical and histological manifestations of disease are not fully elucidated. Herein, we discuss the immune molecules and cells that are thought to underlie the clinical and pathologic manifestations of EoE and the emerging therapeutics targeting these processes for the treatment of EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilawar Khokhar
- Division of Allergy and ImmunologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Sahiti Marella
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Gila Idelman
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Joy W. Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Mirna Chehade
- Mount Sinai Center for Eosinophilic DisordersIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Simon P. Hogan
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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13
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Filippone RT, Dargahi N, Eri R, Uranga JA, Bornstein JC, Apostolopoulos V, Nurgali K. Potent CCR3 Receptor Antagonist, SB328437, Suppresses Colonic Eosinophil Chemotaxis and Inflammation in the Winnie Murine Model of Spontaneous Chronic Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147780. [PMID: 35887133 PMCID: PMC9317166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils and their regulatory molecules have been associated with chronic intestinal inflammation and gastrointestinal dysfunctions; eosinophil accumulation in the gut is prominent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The chemokine receptor CCR3 plays a pivotal role in local and systemic recruitment and activation of eosinophils. In this study, we targeted CCR3-ligand interactions with a potent CCR3 receptor antagonist, SB328437, to alleviate eosinophil-associated immunological responses in the Winnie model of spontaneous chronic colitis. Winnie and C57BL/6 mice were treated with SB328437 or vehicle. Clinical and histopathological parameters of chronic colitis were assessed. Flow cytometry was performed to discern changes in colonic, splenic, circulatory, and bone marrow-derived leukocytes. Changes to the serum levels of eosinophil-associated chemokines and cytokines were measured using BioPlex. Inhibition of CCR3 receptors with SB328437 attenuated disease activity and gross morphological damage to the inflamed intestines and reduced eosinophils and their regulatory molecules in the inflamed colon and circulation. SB328437 had no effect on eosinophils and their progenitor cells in the spleen and bone marrow. This study demonstrates that targeting eosinophils via the CCR3 axis has anti-inflammatory effects in the inflamed intestine, and also contributes to understanding the role of eosinophils as potential end-point targets for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon T. Filippone
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (R.T.F.); (N.D.); (K.N.)
| | - Narges Dargahi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (R.T.F.); (N.D.); (K.N.)
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
| | - Jose A. Uranga
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain;
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Joel C. Bornstein
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (R.T.F.); (N.D.); (K.N.)
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (R.T.F.); (N.D.); (K.N.)
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
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14
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Ignacio A, Shah K, Bernier-Latmani J, Köller Y, Coakley G, Moyat M, Hamelin R, Armand F, Wong NC, Ramay H, Thomson CA, Burkhard R, Wang H, Dufour A, Geuking MB, McDonald B, Petrova TV, Harris NL, McCoy KD. Small intestinal resident eosinophils maintain gut homeostasis following microbial colonization. Immunity 2022; 55:1250-1267.e12. [PMID: 35709757 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intestine harbors a large population of resident eosinophils, yet the function of intestinal eosinophils has not been explored. Flow cytometry and whole-mount imaging identified eosinophils residing in the lamina propria along the length of the intestine prior to postnatal microbial colonization. Microscopy, transcriptomic analysis, and mass spectrometry of intestinal tissue revealed villus blunting, altered extracellular matrix, decreased epithelial cell turnover, increased gastrointestinal motility, and decreased lipid absorption in eosinophil-deficient mice. Mechanistically, intestinal epithelial cells released IL-33 in a microbiota-dependent manner, which led to eosinophil activation. The colonization of germ-free mice demonstrated that eosinophil activation in response to microbes regulated villous size alterations, macrophage maturation, epithelial barrier integrity, and intestinal transit. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a critical role for eosinophils in facilitating the mutualistic interactions between the host and microbiota and provide a rationale for the functional significance of their early life recruitment in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ignacio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kathleen Shah
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jeremiah Bernier-Latmani
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Chemin des Boveresses 155, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Yasmin Köller
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Research, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gillian Coakley
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mati Moyat
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Romain Hamelin
- Proteomics Core Facility, Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Armand
- Proteomics Core Facility, Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nick C Wong
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Hena Ramay
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Thomson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Regula Burkhard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Haozhe Wang
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Braedon McDonald
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4A1, Canada
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Chemin des Boveresses 155, Epalinges, Switzerland; Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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15
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Fan Z, Kong M, Dong W, Dong C, Miao X, Guo Y, Liu X, Miao S, Li L, Chen T, Qu Y, Yu F, Duan Y, Lu Y, Zou X. Trans-activation of eotaxin-1 by Brg1 contributes to liver regeneration. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:495. [PMID: 35614068 PMCID: PMC9132924 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Infiltration of eosinophils is associated with and contributes to liver regeneration. Chemotaxis of eosinophils is orchestrated by the eotaxin family of chemoattractants. We report here that expression of eotaxin-1 (referred to as eotaxin hereafter), but not that of either eotaxin-2 or eotaxin-3, were elevated, as measured by quantitative PCR and ELISA, in the proliferating murine livers compared to the quiescent livers. Similarly, exposure of primary murine hepatocytes to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulated eotaxin expression. Liver specific deletion of Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1), a chromatin remodeling protein, attenuated eosinophil infiltration and down-regulated eotaxin expression in mice. Brg1 deficiency also blocked HGF-induced eotaxin expression in cultured hepatocytes. Further analysis revealed that Brg1 could directly bind to the proximal eotaxin promoter to activate its transcription. Mechanistically, Brg1 interacted with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/RelA to activate eotaxin transcription. NF-κB knockdown or pharmaceutical inhibition disrupted Brg1 recruitment to the eotaxin promoter and blocked eotaxin induction in hepatocytes. Adenoviral mediated over-expression of eotaxin overcame Brg1 deficiency caused delay in liver regeneration in mice. On the contrary, eotaxin depletion with RNAi or neutralizing antibodies retarded liver regeneration in mice. More important, Brg1 expression was detected to be correlated with eotaxin expression and eosinophil infiltration in human liver specimens. In conclusion, our data unveil a novel role of Brg1 as a regulator of eosinophil trafficking by activating eotaxin transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Fan
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China ,grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Dong
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlong Dong
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiulian Miao
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892College of Life Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yan Guo
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892College of Life Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892College of Life Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Shuying Miao
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Li
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yeqing Qu
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Experimental Animal Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Yu
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Experimental Animal Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfei Duan
- grid.490563.d0000000417578685Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, the Third Hospital Affiliated with Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yunjie Lu
- grid.490563.d0000000417578685Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, the Third Hospital Affiliated with Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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16
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Rosenberg CE, Fulkerson PC, Williams KW. Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Hypereosinophilic Syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1131-1138. [PMID: 35181546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a diverse group of disorders characterized by peripheral blood eosinophilia of 1.5 × 109/L (1,500/μL) or greater with evidence of end-organ damage attributable to eosinophilia and no other cause of the end-organ damage. The HES is rare, especially in children. This review aims to provide best practices in diagnosis and treatment of HES in children, including how to differentiate between primary and secondary causes of hypereosinophilia; how to distinguish the differences in clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis of HES in children and adults; and how to identify key steps in the evaluation and management of HES in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen E Rosenberg
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Patricia C Fulkerson
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kelli W Williams
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
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17
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Therapeutic Targets in Allergic Conjunctivitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050547. [PMID: 35631374 PMCID: PMC9147625 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a common condition resulting from exposure to allergens such as pollen, animal dander, or mold. It is typically mediated by allergen-induced crosslinking of immunoglobulin E attached to receptors on primed conjunctival mast cells, which results in mast cell degranulation and histamine release, as well as the release of lipid mediators, cytokines, and chemokines. The clinical result is conjunctival hyperemia, tearing, intense itching, and chemosis. Refractory and chronic cases can result in ocular surface complications that may be vision threatening. Patients who experience even mild forms of this disease report an impact on their quality of life. Current treatment options range from non-pharmacologic therapies to ocular and systemic options. However, to adequately control AC, the use of multiple agents is often required. As such, a precise understanding of the immune mechanisms responsible for this ocular surface inflammation is needed to support ongoing research for potential therapeutic targets such as chemokine receptors, cytokine receptors, non-receptor tyrosine kinases, and integrins. This review utilized several published articles regarding the current therapeutic options to treat AC, as well as the pathological and immune mechanisms relevant to AC. This review will also focus on cellular and molecular targets in AC, with particular emphasis on potential therapeutic agents that can attenuate the pathology and immune mechanisms driven by cells, receptors, and molecules that participate in the immunopathogenesis and immunopathology of AC.
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18
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Savin IA, Markov AV, Zenkova MA, Sen’kova AV. Asthma and Post-Asthmatic Fibrosis: A Search for New Promising Molecular Markers of Transition from Acute Inflammation to Pulmonary Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051017. [PMID: 35625754 PMCID: PMC9138542 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous pulmonary disorder, the progression and chronization of which leads to airway remodeling and fibrogenesis. To understand the molecular mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis development, key genes forming the asthma-specific regulome and involved in lung fibrosis formation were revealed using a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. The bioinformatics data were validated using a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma and post-asthmatic fibrosis. The performed analysis revealed a range of well-known pro-fibrotic markers (Cat, Ccl2, Ccl4, Ccr2, Col1a1, Cxcl12, Igf1, Muc5ac/Muc5b, Spp1, Timp1) and a set of novel genes (C3, C3ar1, Col4a1, Col4a2, Cyp2e1, Fn1, Thbs1, Tyrobp) mediating fibrotic changes in lungs already at the stage of acute/subacute asthma-driven inflammation. The validation of genes related to non-allergic bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis on asthmatic/fibrotic lungs allowed us to identify new universal genes (Col4a1 and Col4a2) associated with the development of lung fibrosis regardless of its etiology. The similarities revealed in the expression profiles of nodal fibrotic genes between asthma-driven fibrosis in mice and nascent idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in humans suggest a tight association of identified genes with the early stages of airway remodeling and can be considered as promising predictors and early markers of pulmonary fibrosis.
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19
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Mishra A, Majid D, Kandikattu HK, Yadavalli CS, Upparahalli Venkateshaiah S. Role of IL-18-transformed CD274-expressing eosinophils in promoting airway obstruction in experimental asthma. Allergy 2022; 77:1165-1179. [PMID: 34800294 DOI: 10.1111/all.15180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-5-dependent residential and IL-18-transformed pathogenic eosinophils have been reported; however, the role of IL-18-transformed CD274-expressing pathogenic eosinophils compared to IL-5-generated eosinophils in promoting airway obstruction in asthma has not yet been examined. METHODS Eosinophils are detected by tissue anti-MBP and anti-EPX immunostaining, CD274 expression by flow cytometry, and airway resistance using the Buxco FinePointe RC system. RESULTS We show that A. fumigatus-challenged wild-type mice, and different gene-deficient mice including naïve CC10-IL-18-transgenic mice, accumulate mostly peribronchial and perivascular CD274-expressing eosinophils except naïve CD2-IL-5-transgenic mice. Additionally, we show that CD2-IL-5 transgenic mice following rIL-18 treatment accumulate high number of CD274-expressing perivascular and peribronchial eosinophils with induced collagen, goblet cell hyperplasia and airway resistance compared to saline-challenged CD2-IL5 transgenic mice. Furthermore, we also show that even A. fumigatus-challenged IL-5 -/- mice and rIL-18 given ΔdblGATA mice accumulate CD274-expressing eosinophil-associated asthma pathogenesis including airway obstruction. Most importantly, we provide evidence that neutralization of CD274 and IL-18 in A. fumigatus-challenged mice ameliorate experimental asthma. Taken together, the data presented are clinically significant in establishing that anti-IL-18 neutralization is a novel immunotherapy to restrict asthma pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that IL-18 is critical for inducing asthma pathogenesis, and neutralization of CD274 is a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Mishra
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC) Section of Pulmonary Diseases Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans Louisina USA
| | - Dewan Majid
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC) Section of Pulmonary Diseases Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans Louisina USA
| | - Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC) Section of Pulmonary Diseases Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans Louisina USA
| | - Chandra Sekhar Yadavalli
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC) Section of Pulmonary Diseases Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans Louisina USA
| | - Sathisha Upparahalli Venkateshaiah
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC) Section of Pulmonary Diseases Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans Louisina USA
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20
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Yuan J, Liu Y, Yu J, Dai M, Zhu Y, Bao Y, Peng H, Liu K, Zhu X. Gene knockdown of CCR3 reduces eosinophilic inflammation and the Th2 immune response by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway in allergic rhinitis mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5411. [PMID: 35354939 PMCID: PMC8969185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The CCR3 gene plays a critical role in allergic airway inflammation, such as allergic rhinitis (AR), and there is an inflammatory signal link between the nasal cavity and the CCR3 gene in bone marrow. However, the effects of the CCR3 gene in bone marrow cells on AR are not clear. The present study investigated the roles and underlying mechanisms of the bone marrow CCR3 gene in AR mice. Conditional knockout of the bone marrow CCR3 gene (CKO) in mice was generated using the Cre-LoxP recombination system, and offspring genotypes were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). An ovalbumin-induced AR model was established in CKO and wild-type mice to measure eosinophilic inflammation and the Th2 immune response. The following mechanisms were explored using a specific PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor (Ly294002). We successfully constructed and bred homozygous CKO mice and confirmed a significant increase in CCR3 expression and PI3K/AKT pathway activity in AR mice. Deficiency of the bone marrow CCR3 gene caused a remarkable reduction of CCR3 expression and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activity, inhibited histopathological lesions and eosinophil infiltration of the nasal cavity, and reduced the production of Th2 cytokines in serum, which led to the remission of allergic symptoms in AR mice. Ly294002 treatment also decreased these inflammatory indexes in a concentration-dependent manner and blocked inflammatory signals from CCR3, but it did not affect the high expression of CCR3 in AR mice. Collectively, our results suggest that conditional knockout of the bone marrow CCR3 gene can reduce eosinophilic inflammation and the Th2 immune response, which may be due to inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yuehui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Meina Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Youwei Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Haisen Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xinhua Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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21
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Akkaya I, Oylumlu E, Ozel I, Uzel G, Durmus L, Ciraci C. NLRC4 Inflammasome-Mediated Regulation of Eosinophilic Functions. Immune Netw 2022; 21:e42. [PMID: 35036029 PMCID: PMC8733190 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils play critical roles in the maintenance of homeostasis in innate and adaptive immunity. Although primarily known for their roles in parasitic infections and the development of Th2 cell responses, eosinophils also play complex roles in other immune responses ranging from anti-inflammation to defense against viral and bacterial infections. However, the contributions of pattern recognition receptors in general, and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) in particular, to eosinophil involvement in these immune responses remain relatively underappreciated. Our in vivo studies demonstrated that NLRC4 deficient mice had a decreased number of eosinophils and impaired Th2 responses after induction of an allergic airway disease model. Our in vitro data, utilizing human eosinophilic EoL-1 cells, suggested that TLR2 induction markedly induced pro-inflammatory responses and inflammasome forming NLRC4 and NLRP3. Moreover, activation by their specific ligands resulted in caspase-1 cleavage and mature IL-1β secretion. Interestingly, Th2 responses such as secretion of IL-5 and IL-13 decreased after transfection of EoL-1 cells with short interfering RNAs targeting human NLRC4. Specific induction of NLRC4 with PAM3CSK4 and flagellin upregulated the expression of IL-5 receptor and expression of Fc epsilon receptors (FcεR1α, FcεR2). Strikingly, activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome also promoted expression of the costimulatory receptor CD80 as well as expression of immunoregulatory receptors PD-L1 and Siglec-8. Concomitant with NLRC4 upregulation, we found an increase in expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, but not MMP-2. Collectively, our results present new potential roles of NLRC4 in mediating a variety of eosinopilic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgin Akkaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Ece Oylumlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Irem Ozel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Goksu Uzel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Lubeyne Durmus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Ceren Ciraci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.,Inflammation Program, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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22
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Al-Shaikhly T, Murphy RC, Parker A, Lai Y, Altman MC, Larmore M, Altemeier WA, Frevert CW, Debley JS, Piliponsky AM, Ziegler SF, Peters MC, Hallstrand TS. Location of eosinophils in the airway wall is critical for specific features of airway hyperresponsiveness and T2 inflammation in asthma. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:13993003.01865-2021. [PMID: 35027395 PMCID: PMC9704864 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01865-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are implicated as effector cells in asthma but the functional implications of the precise location of eosinophils in the airway wall is poorly understood. We aimed to quantify eosinophils in the different compartments of the airway wall and associate these findings with clinical features of asthma and markers of airway inflammation.In this cross-sectional study, we utilised design-based stereology to accurately partition the numerical density of eosinophils in both the epithelial compartment and the subepithelial space (airway wall area below the basal lamina including the submucosa) in individuals with and without asthma and related these findings to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and features of airway inflammation.Intraepithelial eosinophils were linked to the presence of asthma and endogenous AHR, the type of AHR that is most specific for asthma. In contrast, both intraepithelial and subepithelial eosinophils were associated with type-2 (T2) inflammation, with the strongest association between IL5 expression and intraepithelial eosinophils. Eosinophil infiltration of the airway wall was linked to a specific mast cell phenotype that has been described in asthma. We found that IL-33 and IL-5 additively increased cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) production by eosinophils and that the CysLT LTC4 along with IL-33 increased IL13 expression in mast cells and altered their protease profile.We conclude that intraepithelial eosinophils are associated with endogenous AHR and T2 inflammation and may interact with intraepithelial mast cells via CysLTs to regulate airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Al-Shaikhly
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ryan C Murphy
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew Parker
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ying Lai
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew C Altman
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan Larmore
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William A Altemeier
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jason S Debley
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adrian M Piliponsky
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael C Peters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Teal S Hallstrand
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA .,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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23
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Acupuncture Alleviates Menstrual Pain in Rat Model via Suppressing Eotaxin/CCR3 Axis to Weak EOS-MC Activation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4571981. [PMID: 35069759 PMCID: PMC8776494 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4571981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Emerging data show that chemokine-mediated inflammation is involved in the occurrence and maintenance of pain. Recent evidence suggests that eotaxin levels rise when dysmenorrhea happens. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether eotaxin/CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) axis, a key regulatory pathway for eosinophils (EOS) recruitment, is involved in acupuncture analgesia for dysmenorrhea. Methods After the cold congealing dysmenorrhea (CCD) rat model prepared, animals received perpendicular needling (PN) and transverse needling (TN) at SP6, respectively, for 20 min. The CCR3 agonist CCL11 was administered 30 min prior to acupuncture. Pain behavior was assessed via a writhing response. The uterine contraction test was detected by an electrophysiological method. Eotaxin, histamine (HIS), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were evaluated by ELISA. The expression of CCR3 and histamine H1 receptor (H1R) was analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The expression of EOS, mast cells (MCs), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), Toluidine Blue staining (TB), and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results Acupuncture prominently attenuated the menstrual pain in CCD rats, particularly TN technique. Electrophysiological recording data showed that the increased uterine contractility was ameliorated by acupuncture. In addition, TN decreased the release of eotaxin, HIS, IL-6, and the expression of CCR3 and H1R. HE, TB staining, and immunohistochemistry experiments showed that the increased expression of EOS, MCs, EPO, and ECP in uterine tissues was reversed by TN. Furthermore, we found that the effects of TN against CCD-induced menstrual pain, increased ECP expression, and HIS level were abolished by CCL11. Conclusion TN alleviated menstrual pain by improving the uterine inflammatory environment via suppressing eotaxin/CCR3 axis to weak EOS-MC activation in CCD rats. The study findings support the acupuncture as a promising approach for dysmenorrhea, meanwhile, indicating the importance of performing appropriate needling technique.
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24
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Abstract
Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells that accumulate significantly in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with asthma and models of allergic airway inflammation. Their role in the pathophysiology of asthma and other diseases can be studied using mouse models in which eosinophils are depleted. This review article focuses on two main approaches for depleting eosinophils in vivo, antibody-mediated and genetic models. Specific antibodies and genetic models are reviewed, along with their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope E Guthier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nives Zimmermann
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics (Cincinnati Children's Hospital), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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25
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Schetters STT, Schuijs MJ. Pulmonary Eosinophils at the Center of the Allergic Space-Time Continuum. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772004. [PMID: 34868033 PMCID: PMC8634472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are typically a minority population of circulating granulocytes being released from the bone-marrow as terminally differentiated cells. Besides their function in the defense against parasites and in promoting allergic airway inflammation, regulatory functions have now been attributed to eosinophils in various organs. Although eosinophils are involved in the inflammatory response to allergens, it remains unclear whether they are drivers of the asthma pathology or merely recruited effector cells. Recent findings highlight the homeostatic and pro-resolving capacity of eosinophils and raise the question at what point in time their function is regulated. Similarly, eosinophils from different physical locations display phenotypic and functional diversity. However, it remains unclear whether eosinophil plasticity remains as they develop and travel from the bone marrow to the tissue, in homeostasis or during inflammation. In the tissue, eosinophils of different ages and origin along the inflammatory trajectory may exhibit functional diversity as circumstances change. Herein, we outline the inflammatory time line of allergic airway inflammation from acute, late, adaptive to chronic processes. We summarize the function of the eosinophils in regards to their resident localization and time of recruitment to the lung, in all stages of the inflammatory response. In all, we argue that immunological differences in eosinophils are a function of time and space as the allergic inflammatory response is initiated and resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd T T Schetters
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn J Schuijs
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Raczkowski HL, DeKoter RP. Lineage-instructive functions of the E26-transformation-specific-family transcription factor Spi-C in immune cell development and disease. WIREs Mech Dis 2021; 13:e1519. [PMID: 34730294 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cell fate decisions during hematopoiesis are the consequence of a complex mixture of inputs from cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors. In rare cases, expression of a single transcription factor, or a few key factors, may be sufficient to dictate lineage differentiation in a precursor cell. The E26-transformation-specific-family transcription factor Spi-C has emerged as an example of a lineage-instructive factor involved in the generation of mature, specialized subsets of both myeloid and lymphoid cells. Spi-C can instruct differentiation of splenic precursors into red pulp macrophages responsible for phagocytosing senescent red blood cells. In the B cell compartment, Spi-C acts as a key regulator of cell fate decisions at the pro-B to pre-B cell stage and for plasma cell differentiation. Spi-C regulates key genes including Nfkb1, Bach2, Syk, and Blnk to regulate cell cycle entry and B cell differentiation. Here, we review the biology of the lineage-instructive transcription factor Spi-C and its contribution to mechanisms of disease in macrophages and B cells. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Infectious Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Raczkowski
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and the Center for Human Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Genetics and Development, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodney P DeKoter
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and the Center for Human Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Genetics and Development, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Felton JM, Bouffi C, Schwartz JT, Schollaert KL, Malik A, Vallabh S, Wronowski B, Magier AZ, Merlin L, Barski A, Weirauch MT, Fulkerson PC, Rothenberg ME. Aiolos regulates eosinophil migration into tissues. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1271-1281. [PMID: 34341502 PMCID: PMC8542574 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Expression of Ikaros family transcription factor IKZF3 (Aiolos) increases during murine eosinophil lineage commitment and maturation. Herein, we investigated Aiolos expression and function in mature human and murine eosinophils. Murine eosinophils deficient in Aiolos demonstrated gene expression changes in pathways associated with granulocyte-mediated immunity, chemotaxis, degranulation, ERK/MAPK signaling, and extracellular matrix organization; these genes had ATAC peaks within 1 kB of the TSS that were enriched for Aiolos-binding motifs. Global Aiolos deficiency reduced eosinophil frequency within peripheral tissues during homeostasis; a chimeric mouse model demonstrated dependence on intrinsic Aiolos expression by eosinophils. Aiolos deficiency reduced eosinophil CCR3 surface expression, intracellular ERK1/2 signaling, and CCL11-induced actin polymerization, emphasizing an impaired functional response. Aiolos-deficient eosinophils had reduced tissue accumulation in chemokine-, antigen-, and IL-13-driven inflammatory experimental models, all of which at least partially depend on CCR3 signaling. Human Aiolos expression was associated with active chromatin marks enriched for IKZF3, PU.1, and GATA-1-binding motifs within eosinophil-specific histone ChIP-seq peaks. Furthermore, treating the EOL-1 human eosinophilic cell line with lenalidomide yielded a dose-dependent decrease in Aiolos. These collective data indicate that eosinophil homing during homeostatic and inflammatory allergic states is Aiolos-dependent, identifying Aiolos as a potential therapeutic target for eosinophilic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Felton
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carine Bouffi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Justin T Schwartz
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kaila L Schollaert
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Astha Malik
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sushmitha Vallabh
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Wronowski
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam Z Magier
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Li Merlin
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Artem Barski
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Biomedical Informatics and Division of Developmental Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Patricia C Fulkerson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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28
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Pinkerton JW, Kim RY, Brown AC, Rae BE, Donovan C, Mayall JR, Carroll OR, Khadem Ali M, Scott HA, Berthon BS, Baines KJ, Starkey MR, Kermani NZ, Guo YK, Robertson AAB, O'Neill LAJ, Adcock IM, Cooper MA, Gibson PG, Wood LG, Hansbro PM, Horvat JC. Relationship between type 2 cytokine and inflammasome responses in obesity-associated asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:1270-1280. [PMID: 34678326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for asthma, and obese asthmatic individuals are more likely to have severe, steroid-insensitive disease. How obesity affects the pathogenesis and severity of asthma is poorly understood. Roles for increased inflammasome-mediated neutrophilic responses, type 2 immunity, and eosinophilic inflammation have been described. OBJECTIVE We investigated how obesity affects the pathogenesis and severity of asthma and identified effective therapies for obesity-associated disease. METHODS We assessed associations between body mass index and inflammasome responses with type 2 (T2) immune responses in the sputum of 25 subjects with asthma. Functional roles for NLR family, pyrin domain-containing (NLRP) 3 inflammasome and T2 cytokine responses in driving key features of disease were examined in experimental high-fat diet-induced obesity and asthma. RESULTS Body mass index and inflammasome responses positively correlated with increased IL-5 and IL-13 expression as well as C-C chemokine receptor type 3 expression in the sputum of subjects with asthma. High-fat diet-induced obesity resulted in steroid-insensitive airway hyperresponsiveness in both the presence and absence of experimental asthma. High-fat diet-induced obesity was also associated with increased NLRP3 inflammasome responses and eosinophilic inflammation in airway tissue, but not lumen, in experimental asthma. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome responses reduced steroid-insensitive airway hyperresponsiveness but had no effect on IL-5 or IL-13 responses in experimental asthma. Depletion of IL-5 and IL-13 reduced obesity-induced NLRP3 inflammasome responses and steroid-insensitive airway hyperresponsiveness in experimental asthma. CONCLUSION We found a relationship between T2 cytokine and NLRP3 inflammasome responses in obesity-associated asthma, highlighting the potential utility of T2 cytokine-targeted biologics and inflammasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Pinkerton
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Brittany E Rae
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jemma R Mayall
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Olivia R Carroll
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Hayley A Scott
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Bronwyn S Berthon
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Nazanin Z Kermani
- Data Science Institute, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Ke Guo
- Data Science Institute, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Avril A B Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter G Gibson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
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29
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Bidirectional crosstalk between eosinophils and esophageal epithelial cells regulates inflammatory and remodeling processes. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1133-1143. [PMID: 33972688 PMCID: PMC8380647 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils accumulate adjacent to epithelial cells in the mucosa of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), yet the bidirectional communication between these cells is not well understood. Herein, we investigated the crosstalk between human eosinophils and esophageal epithelial cells. We report that blood-derived eosinophils have prolonged survival when cocultured with epithelial cells; 96 ± 1% and 30 ± 6% viability was observed after 7 and 14 days of coculture, respectively, compared with 1 ± 0% and 0 ± 0% of monoculture. In the presence of IL-13 and epithelial cells, eosinophils had greater survival (68 ± 1%) at 14 days compared with cocultures lacking IL-13. Prolonged eosinophil viability did not require cellular contact and was observed when eosinophils were cultured in conditioned media from esophageal epithelial cells; neutralizing GM-CSF attenuated eosinophil survival. The majority of eosinophil transcripts (58%) were dysregulated in cocultured eosinophils compared with freshly isolated cells. Analysis of epithelial cell transcripts indicated that exposure to eosinophils induced differential expression of a subset of genes that were part of the EoE esophageal transcriptome. Collectively, these results uncover a network of crosstalk between eosinophils and esophageal epithelial cells involving epithelial mediated eosinophil survival and reciprocal changes in cellular transcripts, events likely to occur in EoE.
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30
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Shah SA, Kanabar V, Riffo-Vasquez Y, Mohamed Z, Cleary SJ, Corrigan C, James AL, Elliot JG, Shute JK, Page CP, Pitchford SC. Platelets Independently Recruit into Asthmatic Lungs and Models of Allergic Inflammation via CCR3. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:557-568. [PMID: 33556295 PMCID: PMC8086046 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0425oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation and pulmonary recruitment occur in patients with asthma and in animal models of allergic asthma, in which leukocyte infiltration, airway remodeling, and hyperresponsiveness are suppressed by experimental platelet depletion. These observations suggest the importance of platelets to various characteristics of allergic disease, but the mechanisms of platelet migration and location are not understood. The aim of this study was to assess the mechanism of platelet recruitment to extravascular compartments of lungs from patients with asthma and after allergen challenge in mice sensitized to house dust mite (HDM) extract (contains the DerP1 [Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract peptidase 1] allergen); in addition, we assessed the role of chemokines in this process. Lung sections were immunohistochemically stained for CD42b+ platelets. Intravital microscopy in allergic mice was used to visualize platelets tagged with an anti-mouse CD49b-PE (phycoerythrin) antibody. Platelet-endothelial interactions were measured in response to HDM (DerP1) exposure in the presence of antagonists to CCR3, CCR4, and CXCR4. Extravascular CD42b+ platelets were detected in the epithelium and submucosa in bronchial biopsy specimens taken from subjects with steroid-naive mild asthma. Platelets were significantly raised in the lung parenchyma from patients with fatal asthma compared with postmortem control-lung tissue. Furthermore, in DerP1-sensitized mice, subsequent HDM exposure induced endothelial rolling, endothelial adhesion, and recruitment of platelets into airway walls, compared with sham-sensitized mice, via a CCR3-dependent mechanism in the absence of aggregation or interactions with leukocytes. Localization of singular, nonaggregated platelets occurs in lungs of patients with asthma. In allergic mice, platelet recruitment occurs via recognized vascular adhesive and migratory events, independently of leukocytes via a CCR3-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeel A Shah
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Varsha Kanabar
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Yanira Riffo-Vasquez
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Zainab Mohamed
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Simon J Cleary
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Christopher Corrigan
- MRC-Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, Guy's Hospital-King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan L James
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - John G Elliot
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Janis K Shute
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Simon C Pitchford
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
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31
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Wang S, Jiang Z, Li L, Zhang J, Zhang C, Shao C. Ameliorative effects of eosinophil deficiency on immune response, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in fungus-induced allergic lung inflammation. Respir Res 2021; 22:173. [PMID: 34098934 PMCID: PMC8186139 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory fungal exposure is known to be associated with various allergic pulmonary disorders. Eosinophils have been implicated in tissue homeostasis of allergic inflammation as both destructive effector cells and immune regulators. What contributions eosinophils have in Aspergillus fumigatus (Af)-induced allergic lung inflammation is worthy of investigating. Methods We established the Af-exposed animal asthmatic model using eosinophil-deficient mice, ∆dblGATA1 mice. Airway inflammation was assessed by histopathological examination and total cell count of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The protein level in BALF and lung mRNA level of type 2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were detected by ELISA and qRT-PCR. We further studied the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and autophagy by western blots, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, TUNEL, or immunohistochemistry. RNA-Seq analysis was utilized to analyze the whole transcriptome of Af-exposed ∆dblGATA1 mice. Results Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and periodic acid–Schiff staining (PAS) showed that airway inflammation and mucus production were alleviated in Af-challenged ∆dblGATA1 mice compared with wild-type controls. The protein and mRNA expressions of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were reduced in the BALF and lung tissues in Af-exposed ∆dblGATA1 mice. The results demonstrated that the significantly increased ER stress markers (GRP78 and CHOP) and apoptosis executioner caspase proteases (cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-7) in Af-exposed wild-type mice were all downregulated remarkably in the lungs of ∆dblGATA1 mice with Af challenge. In addition, the lung autophagy in Af-exposed ∆dblGATA1 mice was found elevated partially, manifesting as higher expression of LC3-II/LC3-I and beclin1, lower p62, and downregulated Akt/mTOR pathway compared with Af-exposed wild-type mice. Additionally, lung RNA-seq analysis of Af-exposed ∆dblGATA1 mice showed that biological processes about chemotaxis of lymphocytes, neutrophils, or eosinophils were enriched but without statistical significance. Conclusions In summary, eosinophils play an essential role in the pathogenesis of Af-exposed allergic lung inflammation, whose deficiency may have relation to the attenuation of type 2 immune response, alleviation of ER stress and apoptosis, and increase of autophagy. These findings suggest that anti-eosinophils therapy may provide a promising direction for fungal-induced allergic pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijiao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liyang Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Changzhou Shao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China.
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32
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Basophils Orchestrating Eosinophils' Chemotaxis and Function in Allergic Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040895. [PMID: 33919759 PMCID: PMC8070740 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are well known to contribute significantly to Th2 immunity, such as allergic inflammations. Although basophils have often not been considered in the pathogenicity of allergic dermatitis and asthma, their role in Th2 immunity has become apparent in recent years. Eosinophils and basophils are present at sites of allergic inflammations. It is therefore reasonable to speculate that these two types of granulocytes interact in vivo. In various experimental allergy models, basophils and eosinophils appear to be closely linked by directly or indirectly influencing each other since they are responsive to similar cytokines and chemokines. Indeed, basophils are shown to be the gatekeepers that are capable of regulating eosinophil entry into inflammatory tissue sites through activation-induced interactions with endothelium. However, the direct evidence that eosinophils and basophils interact is still rarely described. Nevertheless, new findings on the regulation and function of eosinophils and basophils biology reported in the last 25 years have shed some light on their potential interaction. This review will focus on the current knowledge that basophils may regulate the biology of eosinophil in atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma.
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33
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Cusack RP, Whetstone CE, Xie Y, Ranjbar M, Gauvreau GM. Regulation of Eosinophilia in Asthma-New Therapeutic Approaches for Asthma Treatment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040817. [PMID: 33917396 PMCID: PMC8067385 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex and chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, bronchospasm, and airway eosinophilia. As the pathophysiology of asthma is becoming clearer, the identification of new valuable drug targets is emerging. IL-5 is one of these such targets because it is the major cytokine supporting eosinophilia and is responsible for terminal differentiation of human eosinophils, regulating eosinophil proliferation, differentiation, maturation, migration, and prevention of cellular apoptosis. Blockade of the IL-5 pathway has been shown to be efficacious for the treatment of eosinophilic asthma. However, several other inflammatory pathways have been shown to support eosinophilia, including IL-13, the alarmin cytokines TSLP and IL-33, and the IL-3/5/GM-CSF axis. These and other alternate pathways leading to airway eosinophilia will be described, and the efficacy of therapeutics that have been developed to block these pathways will be evaluated.
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Saikumar Jayalatha AK, Hesse L, Ketelaar ME, Koppelman GH, Nawijn MC. The central role of IL-33/IL-1RL1 pathway in asthma: From pathogenesis to intervention. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107847. [PMID: 33819560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 family, and its cognate receptor, Interleukin-1 receptor like-1 (IL-1RL1 or ST2), are susceptibility genes for childhood asthma. In response to cellular damage, IL-33 is released from barrier tissues as an 'alarmin' to activate the innate immune response. IL-33 drives type 2 responses by inducing signalling through its receptor IL-1RL1 in several immune and structural cells, thereby leading to type 2 cytokine and chemokine production. IL-1RL1 gene transcript encodes different isoforms generated through alternative splicing. Its soluble isoform, IL-1RL1-a or sST2, acts as a decoy receptor by sequestering IL-33, thereby inhibiting IL1RL1-b/IL-33 signalling. IL-33 and its receptor IL-1RL1 are therefore considered as putative biomarkers or targets for pharmacological intervention in asthma. This review will provide an overview of the genetics and biology of the IL-33/IL-1RL1 pathway in the context of asthma pathogenesis. It will discuss the potential and complexities of targeting the cytokine or its receptor, how genetics or biomarkers may inform precision medicine for asthma targeting this pathway, and the possible positioning of therapeutics targeting IL-33 or its receptor in the expanding landscape of novel biologicals applied in asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Saikumar Jayalatha
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory of Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research (EXPIRE), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - L Hesse
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory of Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research (EXPIRE), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M E Ketelaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory of Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research (EXPIRE), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Paediatric Allergology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - G H Koppelman
- University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Paediatric Allergology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M C Nawijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory of Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research (EXPIRE), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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35
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Godwin MS, Jones M, Blackburn JP, Yu Z, Matalon S, Hastie AT, Meyers DA, Steele C. The chemokine CX3CL1/fractalkine regulates immunopathogenesis during fungal-associated allergic airway inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 320:L393-L404. [PMID: 33325803 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00376.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals that present with difficult-to-control asthma and sensitivity to one or more fungal species are categorized as a subset of severe asthma patients belonging to a group herein referred to as severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS). We have previously reported the identification of numerous cytokines and chemokines that were elevated in human asthmatics that were sensitized to fungi vs. nonfungal sensitized asthmatics. Here, we show that the unique chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is elevated in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum from human asthmatics sensitized to fungi, implicating an association with CX3CL1 in fungal asthma severity. In an experimental model of fungal-associated allergic airway inflammation, we demonstrate that the absence of CX3CR1 signaling unexpectedly resulted in a profound impairment in lung function. Histological assessment of lung tissue revealed an unrestricted inflammatory response that was subsequently characterized by enhanced levels of neutrophils, eosinophils, and inflammatory monocytes. Neutrophilic inflammation correlated with elevated IL-17A, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-1β), neutrophil survival factors (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), and neutrophil-targeting chemokines (CCL3 and CCL4). Eosinophilia correlated with elevated type 2 responses (IL-5 and IL-13) whereas inflammatory monocyte levels correlated with elevated type 1 responses (IFN-γ and CXCL9) and survival factors (macrophage colony-stimulating factor). Despite enhanced inflammatory responses, the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10 and the natural inhibitor of IL-1 signaling, IL-1RA, were significantly elevated rather than impaired. Regulatory T-cell levels were unchanged, as were levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-35 and IL-38. Taken together, the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis preserves lung function during fungal-associated allergic airway inflammation through a nonclassical immunoregulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Godwin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - MaryJane Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jonathan P Blackburn
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Chad Steele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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36
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Pinheiro-Torres AS, Ferreira-Duarte AP, Takeshita WM, Gushiken VO, Roncalho-Buck IA, Anhê GF, Antunes E, DeSouza IA. Airways exposure of bacterial superantigen SEB enhances bone marrow eosinophil population and facilitates its egress to blood and lung tissue. Life Sci 2020; 264:118685. [PMID: 33137369 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiation of bone marrow eosinophils (BM-EO) and its trafficking to peripheral blood and respiratory mucosa are a hallmark of inflammatory diseases. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) has been shown to aggravate airways eosinophilic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mouse airways SEB exposure on BM-EO population, as well as its adhesive properties and release of cytokines/chemokines that orchestrate BM-EO trafficking to lungs. METHODS Male BALB/c mice were intranasally exposed to SEB (1 μg), and at 4, 16, 24 and 48 h thereafter, bone marrow (BM), circulating blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were collected. Levels of cytokines/chemokines and expressions of VLA-4 and CCR3 in BM were evaluated. Adhesion of BM to ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were also evaluated. RESULTS SEB exposure promoted a marked eosinophil influx to BAL at 16 and 24 h after exposure, which was accompanied by significant increases in counts of immature (16 h) and mature (4 to 48 h) forms of eosinophil in BM, along with blood eosinophilia (16 h). In BM, higher levels of eotaxin, IL-5, IL-4, IL-3 and IL-7 were detected at 16 to 48 h. SEB also significantly increased CCR3 expression and calcium levels in BM-EO, and enhanced the cell adhesion to ICAM-1 (24 h) and ICAM-1 (48 h). CONCLUSION Airways SEB exposure increases the number of eosinophils in BM by mechanisms involving a network of cytokine and chemokine release, facilitating the BM-EO adhesion to ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 to gain access to the peripheral blood and lung tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Pinheiro-Torres
- Department of Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai (FMJ), Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A P Ferreira-Duarte
- Department of Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai (FMJ), Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - W M Takeshita
- Department of Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai (FMJ), Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V O Gushiken
- Department of Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai (FMJ), Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I A Roncalho-Buck
- Department of Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai (FMJ), Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G F Anhê
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - E Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - I A DeSouza
- Department of Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai (FMJ), Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil.
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37
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Faustino LD, Griffith JW, Rahimi RA, Nepal K, Hamilos DL, Cho JL, Medoff BD, Moon JJ, Vignali DAA, Luster AD. Interleukin-33 activates regulatory T cells to suppress innate γδ T cell responses in the lung. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1371-1383. [PMID: 32989331 PMCID: PMC7578082 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the interleukin (IL)-33 receptor ST2 mediate tissue repair in response to IL-33. Whether Treg cells also respond to the alarmin IL-33 to regulate specific aspects of the immune response is not known. Here we describe an unexpected function of ST2+ Treg cells in suppressing the innate immune response in the lung to environmental allergens without altering the adaptive immune response. Following allergen exposure, ST2+ Treg cells were activated by IL-33 to suppress IL-17-producing γδ T cells. ST2 signaling in Treg cells induced Ebi3, a component of the heterodimeric cytokine IL-35 that was required for Treg cell-mediated suppression of γδ T cells. This response resulted in fewer eosinophil-attracting chemokines and reduced eosinophil recruitment into the lung, which was beneficial to the host in reducing allergen-induced inflammation. Thus, we define a fundamental role for ST2+ Treg cells in the lung as a negative regulator of the early innate γδ T cell response to mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D Faustino
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason W Griffith
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rod A Rahimi
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keshav Nepal
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel L Hamilos
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josalyn L Cho
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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38
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Dietschmann A, Schruefer S, Krappmann S, Voehringer D. Th2 cells promote eosinophil-independent pathology in a murine model of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1044-1056. [PMID: 32108934 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Repeated inhalation of airborne conidia derived from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) can lead to a severe eosinophil-dominated inflammatory condition of the lung termed allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). ABPA affects about 5 million individuals worldwide and the mechanisms regulating lung pathology in ABPA are poorly understood. Here, we used a mouse model of ABPA to investigate the role of eosinophils and T cell-derived IL-4/IL-13 for induction of allergic lung inflammation. Selective deletion of IL-4/IL-13 in T cells blunted the Af-induced lung eosinophilia and further resulted in lower expression of STAT6-regulated chemokines and effector proteins such as Arginase 1, Relm-α, Relm-β, and Muc5a/c. Eosinophil-deficient ΔdblGata mice showed lower IL-4 expression in the lung and the number of Th2 cells in the lung parenchyma was reduced. However, expression of the goblet cell markers Clca1 and Muc5a/c, abundance of mucin-positive cells, as well as weight gain of lungs were comparable between Af-challenged ΔdblGata and WT mice. Based on these results, we conclude that T cell-derived IL-4/IL-13 is essential for Af-induced lung eosinophilia and inflammation while eosinophils may play a more subtle immunomodulatory role and should not simply be regarded as pro-inflammatory effector cells in ABPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Dietschmann
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schruefer
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immuology and Hygiene, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Sven Krappmann
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immuology and Hygiene, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
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39
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Janulaityte I, Januskevicius A, Kalinauskaite-Zukauske V, Bajoriuniene I, Malakauskas K. In Vivo Allergen-Activated Eosinophils Promote Collagen I and Fibronectin Gene Expression in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells via TGF- β1 Signaling Pathway in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1837. [PMID: 32155894 PMCID: PMC7084581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils infiltration and releasing TGF-β1 in the airways has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, especially during acute episodes provoked by an allergen. TGF-β1 is a major mediator involved in pro-inflammatory responses and fibrotic tissue remodeling in asthma. We aimed to evaluate the effect of in vivo allergen-activated eosinophils on the expression of COL1A1 and FN in ASM cells in asthma. A total of 12 allergic asthma patients and 11 healthy subjects were examined. All study subjects underwent bronchial challenge with D. pteronyssinus allergen. Eosinophils from peripheral blood were isolated before and 24 h after the bronchial allergen challenge using high-density centrifugation and magnetic separation. Individual co-cultures of blood eosinophils and immortalized human ASM cells were prepared. The TGF-β1 concentration in culture supernatants was analyzed using ELISA. Gene expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Eosinophils integrins were suppressed with linear RGDS peptide before co-culture with ASM cells. Results: The expression of TGF-β1 in asthmatic eosinophils significantly increased over non-activated asthmatic eosinophils after allergen challenge, p < 0.001. The TGF-β1 concentration in culture supernatants was significantly higher in samples with allergen-activated asthmatic eosinophils compared to baseline, p < 0.05. The effect of allergen-activated asthmatic eosinophils on the expression of TGF-β1, COL1A1, and FN in ASM cells was more significant compared to non-activated eosinophils, p < 0.05, however, no difference was found on WNT-5A expression. The incubation of allergen-activated asthmatic eosinophils with RGDS peptide was more effective compared to non-activated eosinophils as the gene expression in ASM cells was downregulated equally to the same level as healthy eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Janulaityte
- Laboratory of Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (K.M.)
| | - Andrius Januskevicius
- Laboratory of Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (K.M.)
| | | | - Ieva Bajoriuniene
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Kestutis Malakauskas
- Laboratory of Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (K.M.)
- Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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40
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Yasuda K, Kuroda E. Role of eosinophils in protective immunity against secondary nematode infections. Immunol Med 2019; 42:148-155. [DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2019.1697135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koubun Yasuda
- Department of Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Department of Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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41
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Li Y, Bonner MR, Browne RW, Deng F, Tian L, Jim Zhang J, Swanson M, Rittenhouse-Olson K, Farhat Z, Mu L. Responses of serum chemokines to dramatic changes of air pollution levels, a panel study. Biomarkers 2019; 24:712-719. [PMID: 31456427 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1658803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite the in vitro and in vivo evidence, studies are limited in evaluating whether chemokines are potential inflammatory mediators in response to air pollution exposure in humans. Methods: We conducted a panel study coinciding with the Beijing Olympics, when temporary air pollution controls were implemented. We measured a suite of serum chemokines among healthy adults before, during and after the Olympics, respectively. Linear mixed-effect models were used to evaluate changes in chemokine levels over the three time periods. Results: In response to the 50% drop in air pollution levels during the games, levels of RANTES, MCP-2, and TARC decreased by 25.8%, 20.9% and 35.3%, respectively (p < 0.001) from pre-Olympics, and then increased by 45.8%, 34.9% and 61.5%, respectively (p < 0.001) after the games when air pollution levels went up again. Similar patterns were observed in subgroup analyses by sex, age, smoking and body mass index. GRO-α and IL-8 decreased significantly during the games (22.5% and 30.4%), and increased non-significantly after the games. Eotaxin-1 only increased significantly from during- to post-games. Conclusions: The strongest associations with air pollution levels were observed among RANTES, TARC and MCP-2. Those chemokines may play important roles in the air pollution-induced inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Matthew R Bonner
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Richard W Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Lili Tian
- Department of Biostatistics, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Mya Swanson
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Kate Rittenhouse-Olson
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Zeinab Farhat
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Lina Mu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
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42
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Redes JL, Basu T, Ram-Mohan S, Ghosh CC, Chan EC, Sek AC, Zhao M, Krishnan R, Rosenberg HF, Druey KM. Aspergillus fumigatus-Secreted Alkaline Protease 1 Mediates Airways Hyperresponsiveness in Severe Asthma. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:368-377. [PMID: 31603851 PMCID: PMC10985461 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmark features of allergic asthma are type 2 (eosinophilic) inflammation and airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Although these features often comanifest in mouse lungs in vivo, we demonstrate in this study that the serine protease Alp1 from the ubiquitous mold and allergen, Aspergillus fumigatus, can induce AHR in mice unable to generate eosinophilic inflammation. Strikingly, Alp1 induced AHR in mice devoid of protease-activated receptor 2/F2 trypsin-like receptor 1 (PAR2/F2RL1), a receptor expressed in lung epithelium that is critical for allergic responses to protease-containing allergens. Instead, using precision-cut lung slices and human airway smooth muscle cells, we demonstrate that Alp1 directly increased contractile force. Taken together, these findings suggest that Alp1 induces bronchoconstriction through mechanisms that are largely independent of allergic inflammation and point to a new target for direct intervention of fungal-associated asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Redes
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Trisha Basu
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sumati Ram-Mohan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Chandra C Ghosh
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Eunice C Chan
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Albert C Sek
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Ming Zhao
- Protein Chemistry Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Helene F Rosenberg
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Kirk M Druey
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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43
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Grozdanovic M, Laffey KG, Abdelkarim H, Hitchinson B, Harijith A, Moon HG, Park GY, Rousslang LK, Masterson JC, Furuta GT, Tarasova NI, Gaponenko V, Ackerman SJ. Novel peptide nanoparticle-biased antagonist of CCR3 blocks eosinophil recruitment and airway hyperresponsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:669-680.e12. [PMID: 29778505 PMCID: PMC6240402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokine signaling through CCR3 is a key regulatory pathway for eosinophil recruitment into tissues associated with allergic inflammation and asthma. To date, none of the CCR3 antagonists have shown efficacy in clinical trials. One reason might be their unbiased mode of inhibition that prevents receptor internalization, leading to drug tolerance. OBJECTIVE We sought to develop a novel peptide nanoparticle CCR3 inhibitor (R321) with a biased mode of inhibition that would block G protein signaling but enable or promote receptor internalization. METHODS Self-assembly of R321 peptide into nanoparticles and peptide binding to CCR3 were analyzed by means of dynamic light scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance. Inhibitory activity on CCR3 signaling was assessed in vitro by using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and Western blot analysis in a CCR3+ eosinophil cell line and blood eosinophils. In vivo effects of R321 were assessed by using a triple-allergen mouse asthma model. RESULTS R321 self-assembles into nanoparticles and binds directly to CCR3, altering receptor function. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration values for eotaxin-induced chemotaxis of blood eosinophils are in the low nanomolar range. R321 inhibits only the early phase of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation and not the late phase generally associated with β-arrestin recruitment and receptor endocytosis, promoting CCR3 internalization and degradation. In vivo R321 effectively blocks eosinophil recruitment into the blood, lungs, and airways and prevents airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse eosinophilic asthma model. CONCLUSIONS R321 is a potent and selective antagonist of the CCR3 signaling cascade. Inhibition through a biased mode of antagonism might hold significant therapeutic promise by eluding the formation of drug tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Grozdanovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kimberly G Laffey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Hazem Abdelkarim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Ben Hitchinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Hyung-Geon Moon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Gye Young Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lee K Rousslang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Joanne C Masterson
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Glenn T Furuta
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Nadya I Tarasova
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Md
| | - Vadim Gaponenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Steven J Ackerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
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44
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Malacco NLSDO, Rachid MA, Gurgel ILDS, Moura TR, Sucupira PHF, de Sousa LP, de Souza DDG, Russo RDC, Teixeira MM, Soriani FM. Eosinophil-Associated Innate IL-17 Response Promotes Aspergillus fumigatus Lung Pathology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 8:453. [PMID: 30687649 PMCID: PMC6336733 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a common widespread microorganism with environmental, biological and clinical relevance. After inhalation, swollen conidia can germinate, colonize and invade pulmonary tissues. Eosinophils have been described as key cells in A. fumigatus lung infection. However, their specific role in protecting or damaging lung tissue as well as their relatioship among different A. fumigatus strains is poorly understood. Previously, it has been reported that eosinophils are able to produce IL-17 and mediate an innate response that protected mice from infection using Af293 and CEA10 strains. Here, we have developed a set of new experiments with the CEA17-derived A1163 strain of A. fumigatus. Using ΔdblGATA1 mice, we demonstrate that eosinophils produce IL-17 and are involved in control of neutrophil, macrophage and lymphocyte recruitment. We found that eosinophils also induce high levels of cytokines and chemokines, generating an intense inflammatory process. Eosinophils are responsible for increased pulmonary dysfunction and elevated lethality rates in mice. Curiously, fungal burden was not affected. To address the role of IL-17 signaling, pharmacological inhibition of this mediator in the airways with anti-IL-17 antibody was able to reduce inflammation in the airways and protect infected mice. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that eosinophils control IL-17-mediated response and contribute to lung pathology after A. fumigatus infection. Therefore, eosinophils may represent a potential target for controlling exacerbated inflammation and prevent tissue damage during this fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Luísa Sousa de Oliveira Malacco
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Laboratório de Patologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Patologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabella Luisa da Silva Gurgel
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tauany Rodrigues Moura
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Ferreira Sucupira
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia Pires de Sousa
- Laboratório de Sinalização da Inflamação, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniele da Glória de Souza
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Remo de Castro Russo
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Frederico Marianetti Soriani
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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45
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Intranasal curcumin protects against LPS-induced airway remodeling by modulating toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and matrixmetalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression via affecting MAP kinases in mouse model. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 27:731-748. [PMID: 30470954 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bacterial infections can exacerbate asthmatic inflammation depending on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) composition, the outermost component of cell wall, its exposure timings as well as host's immune status. In present study, Balb/c mice were exposed to antigen (ovalbumin) and LPS simultaneously to establish an asthmatic model. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), well known for its anti-inflammatory potential, was administered through intranasal route 1 h before LPS and OVA (ovalbumin) exposure to evaluate its efficacy against airway structural changes. METHODS Inflammatory cell infiltration in lungs was measured by flow cytometry and further eosinophils were especially measured by immunofluorescence detection of major basic protein (MBP) as marker of eosinophilc granule protein. We also measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) in BALF by spectrofluorometry. MMP-9 activity was evaluated by gelatin zymography and mRNA expressions of MMP-9, TIMP-1, TGF-β1, IL-13, Collagen-1 and TLR-4 were measured in lungs. Protein expression of MAP kinases (P-ERK, P-JNK, P-p38), TLR-4, Cox-2, Lox-5 and Eotaxin was measured by western blotting. Hydroxyproline level and masson's trichrome staining were used to evaluate collagen deposition in lung. RESULTS Exposure to LPS (0.1 µg) exacerbates airway inflammation and induces structural changes in lungs by enhanced ROS production, collagen deposition, expression of genes involved in airway remodeling and activation of MAP kinases pathway enzymes. Intranasal curcumin pretreatment had significantly suppressed inflammatory mediators and airway remodeling proteins. CONCLUSION Our results strongly suggest that intranasal curcumin effectively protects LPS-induced airway inflammation and structural changes by modulating genes involved in airway remodeling in safer way; hence, it can be considered as supplementary alternative towards asthma treatments.
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46
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Role of microRNA in severe asthma. Respir Investig 2018; 57:9-19. [PMID: 30455067 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The various roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the epigenetic regulation of human disease are gaining importance as areas of research, and a better understanding of these roles may identify targets for development of novel therapies for severe asthma. MiRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs that serve as post-transcriptional gene repressors, are recognized as critical components in regulating tissue homeostasis. Alteration in miRNA expression disrupts homeostasis and is an underlying mechanism for development of chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma. Differential profiles of miRNA expression are involved in inflammation and remodeling pathogenicity via activating airway structural cells and immune cells and inducing cytokine releases. miRNA action leads to asthma progression from mild to severe stages. Here, current knowledge of the heterogeneous roles of miRNAs in severe asthma, including biological mechanisms underlying Th2 and macrophage polarization, type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) biology regulation, steroid-resistant asthma phenotype, airway smooth muscle (ASM) dysfunction, and impaired anti-viral innate immune, are reviewed.
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47
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Gauvreau GM, FitzGerald JM, Boulet LP, Watson RM, Hui L, Villineuve H, Scime TX, Schlatman AR, Obminski C, Kum J, Boehme S, Ly TW, Bacon KB, O'Byrne PM. The effects of a CCR3 inhibitor, AXP1275, on allergen-induced airway responses in adults with mild-to-moderate atopic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:445-451. [PMID: 29423947 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCR3 is the cognate receptor for major human eosinophil chemoattractants from the eotaxin family of proteins that are elevated in asthma and correlate with disease severity. OBJECTIVE This proof-of-mechanism study examined the effect of AXP1275, an oral, small-molecule inhibitor of CCR3, on airway responses to inhaled allergen challenge. METHODS Twenty-one subjects with mild atopic asthma and documented early and late asthmatic responses to an inhaled aeroallergen completed a randomized double-blind cross-over study to compare early and late allergen-induced asthmatic responses, methacholine PC20 , blood and sputum eosinophils and exhaled nitric oxide after 2 weeks of treatment with once-daily doses of AXP1275 (50 mg) or placebo. RESULTS There was a significant increase in methacholine PC20 after 12 days of AXP1275 treatment compared to placebo (increase of 0.92 doubling doses versus 0.17 doubling doses, P = .01), but this protection was lost post-allergen challenge. There was no effect of AXP1275 on allergen-induced late asthmatic responses, or eosinophils in blood and sputum. The early asthmatic response and exhaled nitric oxide levels were slightly lower with AXP1275, but this did not reach statistical significance. The number of subjects who experienced treatment-emergent adverse events while receiving AXP1275 was comparable placebo. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE AXP1275 50 mg administered daily was safe and well tolerated, and there was no difference in the type, severity or frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events in subjects while receiving AXP1275 compared to placebo. AXP1275 increased the methacholine PC20 ; however, the low and variable exposure to APX1275 over a short treatment period may have contributed to poor efficacy on other outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L P Boulet
- Institut Universitaire de Pneumologie et de Cardiologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - R M Watson
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L Hui
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H Villineuve
- Institut Universitaire de Pneumologie et de Cardiologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - T X Scime
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - C Obminski
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Kum
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S Boehme
- Axikin Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - T W Ly
- Axikin Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - K B Bacon
- Axikin Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
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48
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Abstract
Eosinophils are the prominent cells in asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPMs), and fungal-sensitization-associated asthma, but their roles in the immunopathology of these disorders are not well understood. Moreover, the immunological mechanisms underlying the molecular direct effector interactions between fungi and eosinophils are rare and not fully known. Here, we provide an overview of eosinophil contributions to allergic asthma and ABPMs. We also revise the major general mechanisms of fungal recognition by eosinophils and consider past and recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with eosinophil innate effector responses to different fungal species relevant to ABPMs (Alternaria alternata, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus fumigatus). We further examine and speculate about the therapeutic relevance of these findings in fungus-associated allergic pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo T Figueiredo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences/Unit of Xerem, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Josiane S Neves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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49
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Venkateshaiah SU, Zhu X, Rajavelu P, Niranjan R, Manohar M, Verma AK, Lasky JA, Mishra A. Regulatory effects of IL-15 on allergen-induced airway obstruction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:906-917.e6. [PMID: 28606589 PMCID: PMC5723242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway obstruction is a physiologic feature of asthma, and IL-15 might have an important role in asthma pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that regulation of IL-15 is critical for preservation of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway resistance, and compliance in response to methacholine. METHODS Airway inflammation, AHR, resistance, and compliance were assessed in Il15 gene-deficient mice and IL-15-overexpressing mice in an allergen-induced murine model of asthma. We assessed eosinophil numbers by using anti-major basic protein immunostaining, goblet cell hyperplasia by using periodic acid-Schiff staining, and cytokine and chemokine levels by performing quantitative PCR and ELISA. RESULTS We made a novel observation that IL-15 deficiency promotes baseline airway resistance in naive mice. Moreover, rIL-15 delivery to the lung downregulates expression of proinflammatory cytokines and improves allergen-induced AHR, airway resistance, and compliance. These observations were further validated in doxycycline-inducible CC10-IL-15 bitransgenic mice. Doxycycline-exposed, Aspergillus species extract-challenged CC10-IL-15 bitransgenic mice exhibited significantly reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and decreased goblet cell hyperplasia. Airway obstruction, including AHR and airway resistance, was diminished in allergen-challenged doxycycline-exposed compared with non-doxycycline-exposed CC10-IL-15 bitransgenic mice. Mechanistically, we observed that IL-15-mediated protection of airway obstruction is associated with induced IFN-γ- and IL-10-producing regulatory CD4+CD25+ forkhead box p3 (Foxp3)+ T cells. Additionally, we found that a human IL-15 agonist (ALT-803) improved airway resistance and compliance in an experimental asthma model. CONCLUSION We report our novel finding that IL-15 has a potent inhibitory effect on the airway obstruction that occurs in response to environmental allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathisha Upparahalli Venkateshaiah
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Priya Rajavelu
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rituraj Niranjan
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Murli Manohar
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Alok K Verma
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Joseph A Lasky
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Anil Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La.
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50
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Abstract
Human eosinophils have characteristic morphologic features, including a bilobed nucleus and cytoplasmic granules filled with cytotoxic and immunoregulatory proteins that are packaged in a specific manner. Eosinophil production in the bone marrow is exquisitely regulated by timely expression of a repertoire of transcription factors that work together via collaborative and hierarchical interactions to direct eosinophil development. In addition, proper granule formation, which occurs in a spatially organized manner, is an intrinsic checkpoint that must be passed for proper eosinophil production to occur. In eosinophil-associated disorders, eosinophils and their progenitors can be recruited in large numbers into tissues where they can induce proinflammatory organ damage in response to local signals. Eosinophils are terminally differentiated and do not proliferate once they leave the bone marrow. The cytokine IL-5 specifically enhances eosinophil production and, along with other mediators, promotes eosinophil activation. Indeed, eosinophil depletion with anti-IL-5 or anti-IL-5Rα is now proven to be clinically beneficial for several eosinophilic disorders, most notably severe asthma, and several therapeutics targeting eosinophil viability and production are now in development. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of eosinophil development and the consequences of tissue eosinophilia. Future research efforts focused on basic eosinophil immunobiology and translational efforts to assist in the diagnosis, treatment selection, and resolution of eosinophil-associated disorders will likely be informative and clinically helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Fulkerson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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