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Ding Y, Lu Y, Guo J, Chen S, Han X, Wang S, Zhang M, Wang R, Song J, Wang K, Qiu W, Qi W. An investigation of the molecular characterization of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family and primary validation of TRIM31 in gastric cancer. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:77. [PMID: 38978046 PMCID: PMC11232234 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Most TRIM family members characterized by the E3-ubiquitin ligases, participate in ubiquitination and tumorigenesis. While there is a dearth of a comprehensive investigation for the entire family in gastric cancer (GC). By combining the TCGA and GEO databases, common TRIM family members (TRIMs) were obtained to investigate gene expression, gene mutations, and clinical prognosis. On the basis of TRIMs, a consensus clustering analysis was conducted, and a risk assessment system and prognostic model were developed. Particularly, TRIM31 with clinical prognostic and diagnostic value was chosen for single-gene bioinformatics analysis, in vitro experimental validation, and immunohistochemical analysis of clinical tissue microarrays. The combined dataset consisted of 66 TRIMs, of which 52 were differentially expressed and 43 were differentially prognostic. Significant survival differences existed between the gene clusters obtained by consensus clustering analysis. Using 4 differentially expressed genes identified by multivariate Cox regression and LASSO regression, a risk scoring system was developed. Higher risk scores were associated with a poorer prognosis, suppressive immune cell infiltration, and drug resistance. Transcriptomic data and clinical sample tissue microarrays confirmed that TRIM31 was highly expressed in GC and associated with a poor prognosis. Pathway enrichment analysis, cell migration and colony formation assay, EdU assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential assay revealed that TRIM31 may be implicated in cell cycle regulation and oxidative stress-related pathways, contribute to gastric carcinogenesis. This study investigated the whole functional and expression profile and a risk score system based on the TRIM family in GC. Further investigation centered around TRIM31 offers insight into the underlying mechanisms of action exhibited by other members of its family in the context of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Ding
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxi Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shibo Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jialin Song
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kongjia Wang
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wensheng Qiu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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2
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Koldenhof P, Bemelmans MP, Ghosh B, Damm-Ganamet KL, van Vlijmen HWT, Pande V. Application of AlphaFold models in evaluating ligandable cysteines across E3 ligases. Proteins 2024; 92:819-829. [PMID: 38337153 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are an emerging therapeutic modality and chemical biology tools for Targeted Protein Degradation (TPD). PROTACs contain a ligand targeting the protein of interest, a ligand recruiting an E3 ligase and a linker connecting these two ligands. There are over 600 E3 ligases known so far, but only a handful have been exploited for TPD applications. A key reason for this is the scarcity of ligands binding various E3 ligases and the paucity of structural data available, which complicates ligand design across the family. In this study, we aim to progress PROTAC discovery by proposing a shortlist of E3 ligases that can be prioritized for covalent targeting by performing systematic structural ligandability analysis on a chemoproteomic dataset of potentially reactive cysteines across hundreds of E3 ligases. One of the goals of this study is to apply AlphaFold (AF) models for ligandability evaluations, as for a vast majority of these ligases an experimental structure is not available in the protein data bank (PDB). Using a combination of pocket features, AF model quality and additional aspects, we propose a shortlist of E3 ligases and corresponding cysteines that can be prioritized to potentially discover covalent ligands and expand the PROTAC toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Koldenhof
- Computer-Aided Drug Design, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Brahma Ghosh
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Vineet Pande
- Computer-Aided Drug Design, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Beerse, Belgium
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3
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Reusch J, Franken LE, Then J, Ringler P, Butzer J, Juroschek T, Klein C, Schlothauer T, Larivière L. TRIM21 and Fc-engineered antibodies: decoding its complex antibody binding mode with implications for viral neutralization. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1401471. [PMID: 38938560 PMCID: PMC11210195 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1401471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
TRIM21 is a pivotal effector in the immune system, orchestrating antibody-mediated responses and modulating immune signaling. In this comprehensive study, we focus on the interaction of TRIM21 with Fc engineered antibodies and subsequent implications for viral neutralization. Through a series of analytical techniques, including biosensor assays, mass photometry, and electron microscopy, along with structure predictions, we unravel the intricate mechanisms governing the interplay between TRIM21 and antibodies. Our investigations reveal that the TRIM21 capacity to recognize, bind, and facilitate the proteasomal degradation of antibody-coated viruses is critically dependent on the affinity and avidity interplay of its interactions with antibody Fc regions. We suggest a novel binding mechanism, where TRIM21 binding to one Fc site results in the detachment of PRYSPRY from the coiled-coil domain, enhancing mobility due to its flexible linker, thereby facilitating the engagement of the second site, resulting in avidity due to bivalent engagement. These findings shed light on the dual role of TRIM21 in antiviral immunity, both in recognizing and directing viruses for intracellular degradation, and demonstrate its potential for therapeutic exploitation. The study advances our understanding of intracellular immune responses and opens new avenues for the development of antiviral strategies and innovation in tailored effector functions designed to leverage TRIM21s unique binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Reusch
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Linda Elise Franken
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Then
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Ringler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Butzer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Juroschek
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Glycart AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Tilman Schlothauer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Laurent Larivière
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
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4
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Zhu Y, Banerjee A, Xie P, Ivanov AA, Uddin A, Jiao Q, Chi JJ, Zeng L, Lee JY, Xue Y, Lu X, Cristofanilli M, Gradishar WJ, Henry CJ, Gillespie TW, Bhave MA, Kalinsky K, Fu H, Bahar I, Zhang B, Wan Y. Pharmacological suppression of the OTUD4/CD73 proteolytic axis revives antitumor immunity against immune-suppressive breast cancers. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e176390. [PMID: 38530357 PMCID: PMC11093616 DOI: 10.1172/jci176390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite widespread utilization of immunotherapy, treating immune-cold tumors remains a challenge. Multiomic analyses and experimental validation identified the OTUD4/CD73 proteolytic axis as a promising target in treating immune-suppressive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Mechanistically, deubiquitylation of CD73 by OTUD4 counteracted its ubiquitylation by TRIM21, resulting in CD73 stabilization inhibiting tumor immune responses. We further demonstrated the importance of TGF-β signaling for orchestrating the OTUD4/CD73 proteolytic axis within tumor cells. Spatial transcriptomics profiling discovered spatially resolved features of interacting malignant and immune cells pertaining to expression levels of OTUD4 and CD73. In addition, ST80, a newly developed inhibitor, specifically disrupted proteolytic interaction between CD73 and OTUD4, leading to reinvigoration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cell activities. In preclinical models of TNBC, ST80 treatment sensitized refractory tumors to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Collectively, our findings uncover what we believe to be a novel strategy for targeting the immunosuppressive OTUD4/CD73 proteolytic axis in treating immune-suppressive breast cancers with the inhibitor ST80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anupam Banerjee
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrey A. Ivanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amad Uddin
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and
| | - Qiao Jiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and
| | - Junlong Jack Chi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and
- Driskill Graduate Program (DPG), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lidan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Yifan Xue
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xinghua Lu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - William J. Gradishar
- Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Curtis J. Henry
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics
| | - Theresa W. Gillespie
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Surgery, and
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Manali Ajay Bhave
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kevin Kalinsky
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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5
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Kim SB, Hwang S, Cha JY, Lee HJ. Programmed Death Ligand 1 Regulatory Crosstalk with Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination: Implications in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2939. [PMID: 38474186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a pivotal role in cancer immune evasion and is a critical target for cancer immunotherapy. This review focuses on the regulation of PD-L1 through the dynamic processes of ubiquitination and deubiquitination, which are crucial for its stability and function. Here, we explored the intricate mechanisms involving various E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) that modulate PD-L1 expression in cancer cells. Specific ligases are discussed in detail, highlighting their roles in tagging PD-L1 for degradation. Furthermore, we discuss the actions of DUBs that stabilize PD-L1 by removing ubiquitin chains. The interplay of these enzymes not only dictates PD-L1 levels but also influences cancer progression and patient response to immunotherapies. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting these regulatory pathways and propose novel strategies to enhance the efficacy of PD-L1/PD-1-based therapies. Our review underscores the complexity of PD-L1 regulation and its significant impact on the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Bin Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonjae Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jae Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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6
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Menendez JA, Cuyàs E, Encinar JA, Vander Steen T, Verdura S, Llop‐Hernández À, López J, Serrano‐Hervás E, Osuna S, Martin‐Castillo B, Lupu R. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) signalome: A molecular guide for precision oncology. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:479-516. [PMID: 38158755 PMCID: PMC10920094 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The initial excitement generated more than two decades ago by the discovery of drugs targeting fatty acid synthase (FASN)-catalyzed de novo lipogenesis for cancer therapy was short-lived. However, the advent of the first clinical-grade FASN inhibitor (TVB-2640; denifanstat), which is currently being studied in various phase II trials, and the exciting advances in understanding the FASN signalome are fueling a renewed interest in FASN-targeted strategies for the treatment and prevention of cancer. Here, we provide a detailed overview of how FASN can drive phenotypic plasticity and cell fate decisions, mitochondrial regulation of cell death, immune escape and organ-specific metastatic potential. We then present a variety of FASN-targeted therapeutic approaches that address the major challenges facing FASN therapy. These include limitations of current FASN inhibitors and the lack of precision tools to maximize the therapeutic potential of FASN inhibitors in the clinic. Rethinking the role of FASN as a signal transducer in cancer pathogenesis may provide molecularly driven strategies to optimize FASN as a long-awaited target for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Menendez
- Metabolism & Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE)Catalan Institute of OncologyGironaSpain
- Girona Biomedical Research InstituteGironaSpain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Metabolism & Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE)Catalan Institute of OncologyGironaSpain
- Girona Biomedical Research InstituteGironaSpain
| | - Jose Antonio Encinar
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE) and Molecular and Cell Biology Institute (IBMC)Miguel Hernández University (UMH)ElcheSpain
| | - Travis Vander Steen
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Mayo Clinic Cancer CenterRochesterMNUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology LaboratoryMayo Clinic LaboratoryRochesterMNUSA
| | - Sara Verdura
- Metabolism & Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE)Catalan Institute of OncologyGironaSpain
- Girona Biomedical Research InstituteGironaSpain
| | - Àngela Llop‐Hernández
- Metabolism & Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE)Catalan Institute of OncologyGironaSpain
- Girona Biomedical Research InstituteGironaSpain
| | - Júlia López
- Metabolism & Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE)Catalan Institute of OncologyGironaSpain
- Girona Biomedical Research InstituteGironaSpain
| | - Eila Serrano‐Hervás
- Metabolism & Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE)Catalan Institute of OncologyGironaSpain
- Girona Biomedical Research InstituteGironaSpain
- CompBioLab Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaGironaSpain
| | - Sílvia Osuna
- CompBioLab Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaGironaSpain
- ICREABarcelonaSpain
| | - Begoña Martin‐Castillo
- Metabolism & Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE)Catalan Institute of OncologyGironaSpain
- Girona Biomedical Research InstituteGironaSpain
- Unit of Clinical ResearchCatalan Institute of OncologyGironaSpain
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Mayo Clinic Cancer CenterRochesterMNUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology LaboratoryMayo Clinic LaboratoryRochesterMNUSA
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7
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Arnold B, Riegger RJ, Okuda EK, Slišković I, Keller M, Bakisoglu C, McNicoll F, Zarnack K, Müller-McNicoll M. hGRAD: A versatile "one-fits-all" system to acutely deplete RNA binding proteins from condensates. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202304030. [PMID: 38108808 PMCID: PMC10726014 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202304030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are difficult to study because they often belong to large protein families and form extensive networks of auto- and crossregulation. They are highly abundant and many localize to condensates with a slow turnover, requiring long depletion times or knockouts that cannot distinguish between direct and indirect or compensatory effects. Here, we developed a system that is optimized for the rapid degradation of nuclear RBPs, called hGRAD. It comes as a "one-fits-all" plasmid, and integration into any cell line with endogenously GFP-tagged proteins allows for an inducible, rapid, and complete knockdown. We show that the nuclear RBPs SRSF3, SRSF5, SRRM2, and NONO are completely cleared from nuclear speckles and paraspeckles within 2 h. hGRAD works in various cell types, is more efficient than previous methods, and does not require the expression of exogenous ubiquitin ligases. Combining SRSF5 hGRAD degradation with Nascent-seq uncovered transient transcript changes, compensatory mechanisms, and an effect of SRSF5 on transcript stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Arnold
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ricarda J. Riegger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ellen Kazumi Okuda
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Cellular Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Irena Slišković
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mario Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cem Bakisoglu
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - François McNicoll
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kathi Zarnack
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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8
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Wells JA, Kumru K. Extracellular targeted protein degradation: an emerging modality for drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:126-140. [PMID: 38062152 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has emerged in the past decade as a major new drug modality to remove intracellular proteins with bispecific small molecules that recruit the protein of interest (POI) to an E3 ligase for degradation in the proteasome. Unlike classic occupancy-based drugs, intracellular TPD (iTPD) eliminates the target and works catalytically, and so can be more effective and sustained, with lower dose requirements. Recently, this approach has been expanded to the extracellular proteome, including both secreted and membrane proteins. Extracellular targeted protein degradation (eTPD) uses bispecific antibodies, conjugates or small molecules to degrade extracellular POIs by trafficking them to the lysosome for degradation. Here, we focus on recent advances in eTPD, covering degrader systems, targets, molecular designs and parameters to advance them. Now almost any protein, intracellular or extracellular, is addressable in principle with TPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Kaan Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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9
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Hartmann MD. TRIM for Tissue Specificity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:4-5. [PMID: 38229746 PMCID: PMC10788936 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific manipulation of proteins is a long-standing objective in the field of targeted protein degradation, but still a distant prospect. Currently, the most successfully employed E3 ubiquitin ligases belong to the most ubiquitously expressed representatives. Unlocking of the TRIM58 ligase might represent a promising step toward tissue-specific PROTACs and molecular glue degraders.
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10
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Damelang T, Brinkhaus M, van Osch TLJ, Schuurman J, Labrijn AF, Rispens T, Vidarsson G. Impact of structural modifications of IgG antibodies on effector functions. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1304365. [PMID: 38259472 PMCID: PMC10800522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1304365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are a critical component of the adaptive immune system, binding to and neutralizing pathogens and other foreign substances. Recent advances in molecular antibody biology and structural protein engineering enabled the modification of IgG antibodies to enhance their therapeutic potential. This review summarizes recent progress in both natural and engineered structural modifications of IgG antibodies, including allotypic variation, glycosylation, Fc engineering, and Fc gamma receptor binding optimization. We discuss the functional consequences of these modifications to highlight their potential for therapeutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Brinkhaus
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thijs L. J. van Osch
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Janine Schuurman
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aran F. Labrijn
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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11
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Huang Y, Gao X, He QY, Liu W. A Interacting Model: How TRIM21 Orchestrates with Proteins in Intracellular Immunity. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301142. [PMID: 37922533 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21), identified as both a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin ligase and FcR (Fragment crystallizable receptor), primarily interacts with proteins via its PRY/SPRY domains and promotes their proteasomal degradation to regulate intracellular immunity. But how TRIM21 involves in intracellular immunity still lacks systematical understanding. Herein, it is probed into the TRIM21-related literature and raises an interacting model about how TRIM21 orchestrates proteins in cytosol. In this novel model, TRIM21 generally interacts with miscellaneous protein in intracellular immunity in two ways: For one, TRIM21 solely plays as an E3, ubiquitylating a glut of proteins that contain specific interferon-regulatory factor, nuclear transcription factor kappaB, virus sensors and others, and involving inflammatory responses. For another, TRIM21 serves as both E3 and specific FcR that detects antibody-complexes and facilitates antibody destroying target proteins. Correspondingly delineated as Fc-independent signaling and Fc-dependent signaling in this review, how TRIM21's interactions contribute to intracellular immunity, expecting to provide a systematical understanding of this important protein and invest enlightenment for further research on the pathogenesis of related diseases and its prospective application is elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisha Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xuejuan Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wanting Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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12
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Hoegenauer K, An S, Axford J, Benander C, Bergsdorf C, Botsch J, Chau S, Fernández C, Gleim S, Hassiepen U, Hunziker J, Joly E, Keller A, Lopez Romero S, Maher R, Mangold AS, Mickanin C, Mihalic M, Neuner P, Patterson AW, Perruccio F, Roggo S, Scesa J, Schröder M, Shkoza D, Thai B, Vulpetti A, Renatus M, Reece-Hoyes JS. Discovery of Ligands for TRIM58, a Novel Tissue-Selective E3 Ligase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1631-1639. [PMID: 38116426 PMCID: PMC10726445 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Redirecting E3 ligases to neo-substrates, leading to their proteasomal disassembly, known as targeted protein degradation (TPD), has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional, occupancy-driven pharmacology. Although the field has expanded tremendously over the past years, the choice of E3 ligases remains limited, with an almost exclusive focus on CRBN and VHL. Here, we report the discovery of novel ligands to the PRY-SPRY domain of TRIM58, a RING ligase that is specifically expressed in erythroid precursor cells. A DSF screen, followed by validation using additional biophysical methods, led to the identification of TRIM58 ligand TRIM-473. A basic SAR around the chemotype was established by utilizing a competitive binding assay employing a short FP peptide probe derived from an endogenous TRIM58 substrate. The X-ray co-crystal structure of TRIM58 in complex with TRIM-473 gave insights into the binding mode and potential exit vectors for bifunctional degrader design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemens Hoegenauer
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shaojian An
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jake Axford
- Global Discovery
Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christina Benander
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christian Bergsdorf
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Josephine Botsch
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne Chau
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - César Fernández
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Scott Gleim
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ulrich Hassiepen
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juerg Hunziker
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Joly
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aramis Keller
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Lopez Romero
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Maher
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anne-Sophie Mangold
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Craig Mickanin
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Manuel Mihalic
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Neuner
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew W. Patterson
- Global Discovery
Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Francesca Perruccio
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Roggo
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julien Scesa
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schröder
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dojna Shkoza
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Binh Thai
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Vulpetti
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Renatus
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - John S. Reece-Hoyes
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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13
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VanDyke D, Xu L, Sargunas PR, Gilbreth RN, Baca M, Gao C, Hunt J, Spangler JB. Redirecting the specificity of tripartite motif containing-21 scaffolds using a novel discovery and design approach. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105381. [PMID: 37866632 PMCID: PMC10694607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hijacking the ubiquitin proteasome system to elicit targeted protein degradation (TPD) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to target and destroy intracellular proteins at the post-translational level. Small molecule-based TPD approaches, such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and molecular glues, have shown potential, with several agents currently in clinical trials. Biological PROTACs (bioPROTACs), which are engineered fusion proteins comprised of a target-binding domain and an E3 ubiquitin ligase, have emerged as a complementary approach for TPD. Here, we describe a new method for the evolution and design of bioPROTACs. Specifically, engineered binding scaffolds based on the third fibronectin type III domain of human tenascin-C (Tn3) were installed into the E3 ligase tripartite motif containing-21 (TRIM21) to redirect its degradation specificity. This was achieved via selection of naïve yeast-displayed Tn3 libraries against two different oncogenic proteins associated with B-cell lymphomas, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) and embryonic ectoderm development protein (EED), and replacing the native substrate-binding domain of TRIM21 with our evolved Tn3 domains. The resulting TRIM21-Tn3 fusion proteins retained the binding properties of the Tn3 as well as the E3 ligase activity of TRIM21. Moreover, we demonstrated that TRIM21-Tn3 fusion proteins efficiently degraded their respective target proteins through the ubiquitin proteasome system in cellular models. We explored the effects of binding domain avidity and E3 ligase utilization to gain insight into the requirements for effective bioPROTAC design. Overall, this study presents a versatile engineering approach that could be used to design and engineer TRIM21-based bioPROTACs against therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek VanDyke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Linda Xu
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul R Sargunas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan N Gilbreth
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Manuel Baca
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Changshou Gao
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - James Hunt
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jamie B Spangler
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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14
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Gu J, Chen J, Xiang S, Zhou X, Li J. Intricate confrontation: Research progress and application potential of TRIM family proteins in tumor immune escape. J Adv Res 2023; 54:147-179. [PMID: 36736694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins have more than 80 members and are widely found in various eukaryotic cells. Most TRIM family proteins participate in the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system as E3-ubiquitin ligases; therefore, they play pivotal regulatory roles in the occurrence and development of tumors, including tumor immune escape. Due to the diversity of functional domains of TRIM family proteins, they can extensively participate in multiple signaling pathways of tumor immune escape through different substrates. In current research and clinical contexts, immune escape has become an urgent problem. The extensive participation of TRIM family proteins in curing tumors or preventing postoperative recurrence and metastasis makes them promising targets. AIM OF REVIEW The aim of the review is to make up for the gap in the current research on TRIM family proteins and tumor immune escape and propose future development directions according to the current progress and problems. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This up-to-date review summarizes the characteristics and biological functions of TRIM family proteins, discusses the mechanisms of TRIM family proteins involved in tumor immune escape, and highlights the specific mechanism from the level of structure-function-molecule-pathway-phenotype, including mechanisms at the level of protein domains and functions, at the level of molecules and signaling pathways, and at the level of cells and microenvironments. We also discuss the application potential of TRIM family proteins in tumor immunotherapy, such as possible treatment strategies for combination targeting TRIM family protein drugs and checkpoint inhibitors for improving cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shuaixi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xikun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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15
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Hsu CH, Yu YL. The interconnected roles of TRIM21/Ro52 in systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren's syndrome, cancers, and cancer metabolism. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:289. [PMID: 37993883 PMCID: PMC10664372 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21/Ro52), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is an essential regulator of innate immunity, and its dysregulation is closely associated with the development of autoimmune diseases, predominantly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). TRIM21 /Ro52 also features anti-cancer and carcinogenic functions according to different malignancies. The interconnected role of TRIM21/Ro52 in regulating autoimmunity and cell metabolism in autoimmune diseases and malignancies is implicated. In this review, we summarize current findings on how TRIM21/Ro52 affects inflammation and tumorigenesis, and investigate the relationship between TRIM21/Ro52 expression and the formation of lymphoma and breast cancer in SLE and pSS populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chueh-Hsuan Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Luen Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
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16
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Fletcher A, Clift D, de Vries E, Martinez Cuesta S, Malcolm T, Meghini F, Chaerkady R, Wang J, Chiang A, Weng SHS, Tart J, Wong E, Donohoe G, Rawlins P, Gordon E, Taylor JD, James L, Hunt J. A TRIM21-based bioPROTAC highlights the therapeutic benefit of HuR degradation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7093. [PMID: 37925433 PMCID: PMC10625600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human antigen R (HuR) is a ubiquitously expressed RNA-binding protein, which functions as an RNA regulator. Overexpression of HuR correlates with high grade tumours and poor patient prognosis, implicating it as an attractive therapeutic target. However, an effective small molecule antagonist to HuR for clinical use remains elusive. Here, a single domain antibody (VHH) that binds HuR with low nanomolar affinity was identified and shown to inhibit HuR binding to RNA. This VHH was used to engineer a TRIM21-based biological PROTAC (bioPROTAC) that could degrade endogenous HuR. Significantly, HuR degradation reverses the tumour-promoting properties of cancer cells in vivo by altering the HuR-regulated proteome, highlighting the benefit of HuR degradation and paving the way for the development of HuR-degrading therapeutics. These observations have broader implications for degrading intractable therapeutic targets, with bioPROTACs presenting a unique opportunity to explore targeted-protein degradation through a modular approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dean Clift
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma de Vries
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sergio Martinez Cuesta
- Data Sciences and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Junmin Wang
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Abby Chiang
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Shao Huan Samuel Weng
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Tart
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edmond Wong
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Philip Rawlins
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Euan Gordon
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Leo James
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Hunt
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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17
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Park SH, Han J, Jeong BC, Song JH, Jang SH, Jeong H, Kim BH, Ko YG, Park ZY, Lee KE, Hyun J, Song HK. Structure and activation of the RING E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM72 on the membrane. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1695-1706. [PMID: 37770719 PMCID: PMC10643145 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Defects in plasma membrane repair can lead to muscle and heart diseases in humans. Tripartite motif-containing protein (TRIM)72 (mitsugumin 53; MG53) has been determined to rapidly nucleate vesicles at the site of membrane damage, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we present the structure of Mus musculus TRIM72, a complete model of a TRIM E3 ubiquitin ligase. We demonstrated that the interaction between TRIM72 and phosphatidylserine-enriched membranes is necessary for its oligomeric assembly and ubiquitination activity. Using cryogenic electron tomography and subtomogram averaging, we elucidated a higher-order model of TRIM72 assembly on the phospholipid bilayer. Combining structural and biochemical techniques, we developed a working molecular model of TRIM72, providing insights into the regulation of RING-type E3 ligases through the cooperation of multiple domains in higher-order assemblies. Our findings establish a fundamental basis for the study of TRIM E3 ligases and have therapeutic implications for diseases associated with membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hoon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juhyun Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Cheon Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- CSL Seqirus, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Ju Han Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Se Hwan Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyeongseop Jeong
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Bong Heon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Zee-Yong Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaekyung Hyun
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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18
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Zhang J, Zhou Y, Feng J, Xu X, Wu J, Guo C. Deciphering roles of TRIMs as promising targets in hepatocellular carcinoma: current advances and future directions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115538. [PMID: 37729731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) family is assigned to RING-finger-containing ligases harboring the largest number of proteins in E3 ubiquitin ligating enzymes. E3 ubiquitin ligases target the specific substrate for proteasomal degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which seems to be a more effective and direct strategy for tumor therapy. Recent advances have demonstrated that TRIM genes associate with the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TRIMs trigger or inhibit multiple biological activities like proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, ferroptosis and autophagy in HCC dependent on its highly conserved yet diverse structures. Remarkably, autophagy is another proteolytic pathway for intracellular protein degradation and TRIM proteins may help to delineate the interaction between the two proteolytic systems. In depth research on the precise molecular mechanisms of TRIM family will allow for targeting TRIM in HCC treatment. We also highlight several potential directions warranted further development associated with TRIM family to provide bright insight into its translational values in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Xuanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China.
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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19
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Chandler TL, Yang A, Otero CE, Permar SR, Caddy SL. Protective mechanisms of nonneutralizing antiviral antibodies. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011670. [PMID: 37796829 PMCID: PMC10553219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that can bind to viruses but are unable to block infection in cell culture are known as "nonneutralizing antibodies." Such antibodies are nearly universally elicited following viral infection and have been characterized in viral infections such as influenza, rotavirus, cytomegalovirus, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2. It has been widely assumed that these nonneutralizing antibodies do not function in a protective way in vivo and therefore are not desirable targets of antiviral interventions; however, increasing evidence now shows this not to be true. Several virus-specific nonneutralizing antibody responses have been correlated with protection in human studies and also shown to significantly reduce virus replication in animal models. The mechanisms by which many of these antibodies function is only now coming to light. While nonneutralizing antibodies cannot prevent viruses entering their host cell, nonneutralizing antibodies work in the extracellular space to recruit effector proteins or cells that can destroy the antibody-virus complex. Other nonneutralizing antibodies exert their effects inside cells, either by blocking the virus life cycle directly or by recruiting the intracellular Fc receptor TRIM21. In this review, we will discuss the multitude of ways in which nonneutralizing antibodies function against a range of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawny L. Chandler
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Agnes Yang
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Claire E. Otero
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah L. Caddy
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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20
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Dahl MLN, Mikkelsen JH, Hvid M, Korsholm TL, Nielsen KO, Andersen CBF, Greisen S, Deleuran B. Validation of an indirect ELISA assay for assessment of autoantibodies against full-length TRIM21 and its individual domains. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2023; 83:309-317. [PMID: 37379227 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2023.2221862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Anti-SSA-autoantibodies are common in patients with rheumatologic disease, especially Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. They consist of both autoantibodies towards Ro60 and Ro52, the latter also known as TRIM21. TRIM21 is an intracellular protein consisting of four domains; PRY/SPRY, Coiled-Coil, B-box and RING. The aim of this study was to establish an indirect ELISA detecting autoantibodies towards both the full-length TRIM21 protein and its four domains. We expressed the five constructs, created, and validated indirect ELISA protocols for each target using plasma from anti-SSA positive patients and healthy controls. Our findings were validated to the clinically used standards. We measured significantly higher levels of autoantibodies towards our full-length TRIM21, and the PRY/SPRY, Coiled-Coil and RING domains in patients compared to healthy controls. No significant difference in the level of autoantibodies were detected against the B-box domain. Our setups had a signal to noise ratio in the range of 30 to 184, and an OD between 2 and 3. Readings did not decline using NaCl of 500 mM as wash, affirming the high binding affinity of the autoantibodies measured. Our protocols allow us to further study the different autoantibodies of anti-SSA positive patients. This creates the possibility to stratify our patients into subgroups regarding autoantibody profile and specific pheno- or endotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Louise Næstholt Dahl
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Malene Hvid
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine-Line Korsholm
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Stinne Greisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Raji Sathyan K, Premraj A, Thavarool Puthiyedathu S. Characterization of two tripartite motif-containing genes from Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer and their expression in response to virus infection and microbial molecular motifs. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2023; 35:169-186. [PMID: 37139802 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We identified two tripartite motif (TRIM) genes, LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39, from the Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer, and examined their responses to experimental betanodavirus infection and stimulation with microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns. METHODS Genes encoding LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 were identified, cloned, and sequenced from the Asian Seabass. We analyzed the sequence using a variety of bioinformatics tools to determine protein structure, localization, and establish a phylogenetic tree. By using quantitative real-time PCR, we analyzed expression profiles of the LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 genes in response to betanodavirus challenge as well as molecular pathogen-associated molecular patterns like poly(I:C) and Zymosan A. The tissue distribution pattern of these genes was also examined in healthy animals. RESULT Asian Seabass homologues of the TRIM gene, LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39, were cloned, both encoding proteins with 547 amino acids. LcTRIM21 is predicted to have an isoelectric point of 6.32 and a molecular mass of 62.11 kilodaltons, while LcTRIM39 has an isoelectric point of 5.57 and a molecular mass of 62.11 kilodaltons. LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 homologues were predicted to be localized in cytoplasm by in silico protein localization. Structurally, both proteins contain an N-terminal really interesting new gene (RING) zinc-finger domain, B-box domain, coiled-coil domain and C-terminal PRY/SPRY domain. Most tissues and organs examined showed constitutive expression of LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39. Upon poly(I:C) challenge or red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus infection, LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated, suggesting that they may play a critical antiviral role against fish viruses. LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 expression were also upregulated by administration of the glucan Zymosan A. CONCLUSION The TRIM-containing gene is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that exhibits antiviral activity by targeting viral proteins via proteasome-mediated ubiquitination. TRIM proteins can be explored for the discovery of antivirals and strategies to combat diseases like viral nervous necrosis, that threaten seabass aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnapriya Raji Sathyan
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Avinash Premraj
- Department of the President's Affairs, Camel Biotechnology Centre, Presidential Camels and Camel Racing Affairs Centre, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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22
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Campbell LK, Peery RM, Magor KE. Evolution and expression of the duck TRIM gene repertoire. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1220081. [PMID: 37622121 PMCID: PMC10445537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1220081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are involved in development, innate immunity, and viral restriction. TRIM gene repertoires vary between species, likely due to diversification caused by selective pressures from pathogens; however, this has not been explored in birds. We mined a de novo assembled transcriptome for the TRIM gene repertoire of the domestic mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), a reservoir host of influenza A viruses. We found 57 TRIM genes in the duck, which represent all 12 subfamilies based on their C-terminal domains. Members of the C-IV subfamily with C-terminal PRY-SPRY domains are known to augment immune responses in mammals. We compared C-IV TRIM proteins between reptiles, birds, and mammals and show that many C-IV subfamily members have arisen independently in these lineages. A comparison of the MHC-linked C-IV TRIM genes reveals expansions in birds and reptiles. The TRIM25 locus with related innate receptor modifiers is adjacent to the MHC in reptile and marsupial genomes, suggesting the ancestral organization. Within the avian lineage, both the MHC and TRIM25 loci have undergone significant TRIM gene reorganizations and divergence, both hallmarks of pathogen-driven selection. To assess the expression of TRIM genes, we aligned RNA-seq reads from duck tissues. C-IV TRIMs had high relative expression in immune relevant sites such as the lung, spleen, kidney, and intestine, and low expression in immune privileged sites such as in the brain or gonads. Gene loss and gain in the evolution of the TRIM repertoire in birds suggests candidate immune genes and potential targets of viral subversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee K. Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rhiannon M. Peery
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katharine E. Magor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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23
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Nimmerjahn F, Vidarsson G, Cragg MS. Effect of posttranslational modifications and subclass on IgG activity: from immunity to immunotherapy. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1244-1255. [PMID: 37414906 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Humoral immune responses are characterized by complex mixtures of polyclonal antibody species varying in their isotype, target epitope specificity and affinity. Posttranslational modifications occurring during antibody production in both the antibody variable and constant domain create further complexity and can modulate antigen specificity and antibody Fc-dependent effector functions, respectively. Finally, modifications of the antibody backbone after secretion may further impact antibody activity. An in-depth understanding of how these posttranslational modifications impact antibody function, especially in the context of individual antibody isotypes and subclasses, is only starting to emerge. Indeed, only a minute proportion of this natural variability in the humoral immune response is currently reflected in therapeutic antibody preparations. In this Review, we summarize recent insights into how IgG subclass and posttranslational modifications impact IgG activity and discuss how these insights may be used to optimize therapeutic antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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24
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Wang H, Zhou R, Xu F, Yang K, Zheng L, Zhao P, Shi G, Dai L, Xu C, Yu L, Li Z, Wang J, Wang J. Beyond canonical PROTAC: biological targeted protein degradation (bioTPD). Biomater Res 2023; 27:72. [PMID: 37480049 PMCID: PMC10362593 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is an emerging therapeutic strategy with the potential to modulate disease-associated proteins that have previously been considered undruggable, by employing the host destruction machinery. The exploration and discovery of cellular degradation pathways, including but not limited to proteasomes and lysosome pathways as well as their degraders, is an area of active research. Since the concept of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) was introduced in 2001, the paradigm of TPD has been greatly expanded and moved from academia to industry for clinical translation, with small-molecule TPD being particularly represented. As an indispensable part of TPD, biological TPD (bioTPD) technologies including peptide-, fusion protein-, antibody-, nucleic acid-based bioTPD and others have also emerged and undergone significant advancement in recent years, demonstrating unique and promising activities beyond those of conventional small-molecule TPD. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in bioTPD technologies, summarize their compositional features and potential applications, and briefly discuss their drawbacks. Moreover, we present some strategies to improve the delivery efficacy of bioTPD, addressing their challenges in further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Respirology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Runhua Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Fushan Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kongjun Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Liuhai Zheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Respirology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Respirology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Dai
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Respirology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Respirology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, P. R. China
| | - Le Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China.
| | - Zhijie Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Respirology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Respirology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, P. R. China.
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25
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Sarri N, Papadopoulos N, Lennartsson J, Heldin CH. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM21 Regulates Basal Levels of PDGFRβ. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097782. [PMID: 37175489 PMCID: PMC10178120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors α and β (PDGFRα and PDGFRβ) at the cell surface by binding of PDGF isoforms leads to internalization of receptors, which affects the amplitude and kinetics of signaling. Ubiquitination of PDGF receptors in response to ligand stimulation is mediated by the Casitas b-lineage lymphoma (Cbl) family of ubiquitin ligases, promoting internalization and serving as a sorting signal for vesicular trafficking of receptors. We report here that another E3 ligase, i.e., tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21), contributes to the ubiquitination of PDGFRβ in human primary fibroblasts AG1523 and the osteosarcoma cell line U2OS and regulates basal levels of PDGFRβ. We found that siRNA-mediated depletion of TRIM21 led to decreased ubiquitination of PDGFRβ in response to PDGF-BB stimulation, while internalization from the cell surface and the rate of ligand-induced degradation of the receptor were not affected. Moreover, induction of TRIM21 decreased the levels of PDGFRβ in serum-starved cells, and even more in growing cells, in the absence of PDGF stimulation. Consistently, siRNA knockdown of TRIM21 caused accumulation of the total amount of PDGFRβ, both in the cytoplasm and on the cell surface, without affecting mRNA levels of the receptor. We conclude that TRIM21 acts post-translationally and maintains basal levels of PDGFRβ, thus suggesting that ubiquitination of PDGFRβ by TRIM21 may direct a portion of receptor for degradation in growing cells in a ligand-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Sarri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natalia Papadopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Lennartsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Kiss L, Rhinesmith T, Luptak J, Dickson CF, Weidenhausen J, Smyly S, Yang JC, Maslen SL, Sinning I, Neuhaus D, Clift D, James LC. Trim-Away ubiquitinates and degrades lysine-less and N-terminally acetylated substrates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2160. [PMID: 37061529 PMCID: PMC10105713 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
TRIM proteins are the largest family of E3 ligases in mammals. They include the intracellular antibody receptor TRIM21, which is responsible for mediating targeted protein degradation during Trim-Away. Despite their importance, the ubiquitination mechanism of TRIM ligases has remained elusive. Here we show that while Trim-Away activation results in ubiquitination of both ligase and substrate, ligase ubiquitination is not required for substrate degradation. N-terminal TRIM21 RING ubiquitination by the E2 Ube2W can be inhibited by N-terminal acetylation, but this doesn't prevent substrate ubiquitination nor degradation. Instead, uncoupling ligase and substrate degradation prevents ligase recycling and extends functional persistence in cells. Further, Trim-Away degrades substrates irrespective of whether they contain lysines or are N-terminally acetylated, which may explain the ability of TRIM21 to counteract fast-evolving pathogens and degrade diverse substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Kiss
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Tyler Rhinesmith
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jakub Luptak
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Claire F Dickson
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jonas Weidenhausen
- Biochemiezentrum der Universität Heidelberg (BZH), INF328, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shannon Smyly
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Ji-Chun Yang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sarah L Maslen
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Irmgard Sinning
- Biochemiezentrum der Universität Heidelberg (BZH), INF328, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Neuhaus
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Dean Clift
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Leo C James
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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27
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Mukadam AS, Miller LVC, Smith AE, Vaysburd M, Sakya SA, Sanford S, Keeling S, Tuck BJ, Katsinelos T, Green C, Skov L, Kaalund SS, Foss S, Mayes K, O’Connell K, Wing M, Knox C, Banbury J, Avezov E, Rowe JB, Goedert M, Andersen JT, James LC, McEwan WA. Cytosolic antibody receptor TRIM21 is required for effective tau immunotherapy in mouse models. Science 2023; 379:1336-1341. [PMID: 36996217 PMCID: PMC7614512 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Aggregates of the protein tau are proposed to drive pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases. Tau can be targeted by using passively transferred antibodies (Abs), but the mechanisms of Ab protection are incompletely understood. In this work, we used a variety of cell and animal model systems and showed that the cytosolic Ab receptor and E3 ligase TRIM21 (T21) could play a role in Ab protection against tau pathology. Tau-Ab complexes were internalized to the cytosol of neurons, which enabled T21 engagement and protection against seeded aggregation. Ab-mediated protection against tau pathology was lost in mice that lacked T21. Thus, the cytosolic compartment provides a site of immunotherapeutic protection, which may help in the design of Ab-based therapies in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir S Mukadam
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Lauren VC Miller
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Annabel E Smith
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Marina Vaysburd
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Siri A Sakya
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sophie Sanford
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Sophie Keeling
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Benjamin J Tuck
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Taxiarchis Katsinelos
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Chris Green
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Lise Skov
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Sanne S Kaalund
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Stian Foss
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Keith Mayes
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Kevin O’Connell
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Mark Wing
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Claire Knox
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jessica Banbury
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Edward Avezov
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ
| | - Michel Goedert
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Leo C James
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - William A McEwan
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
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28
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Mevissen TET, Prasad AV, Walter JC. TRIM21-dependent target protein ubiquitination mediates cell-free Trim-Away. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112125. [PMID: 36807144 PMCID: PMC10435667 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) is a cytosolic antibody receptor and E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes destruction of a broad range of pathogens. TRIM21 also underlies the antibody-dependent protein targeting method Trim-Away. Current evidence suggests that TRIM21 binding to antibodies leads to formation of a self-anchored K63 ubiquitin chain on the N terminus of TRIM21 that triggers the destruction of TRIM21, antibody, and target protein. Here, we report that addition of antibody and TRIM21 to Xenopus egg extracts promotes efficient degradation of endogenous target proteins, establishing cell-free Trim-Away as a powerful tool to interrogate protein function. Chemical methylation of TRIM21 had no effect on target proteolysis, whereas deletion of all lysine residues in targets abolished their ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. These results demonstrate that target protein, but not TRIM21, polyubiquitination is required for Trim-Away, and they suggest that current models of TRIM21 function should be fundamentally revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tycho E T Mevissen
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Anisa V Prasad
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Johannes C Walter
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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29
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Miao H, Liu C, Ouyang H, Zhang P, Liu Y, Zhang C, Deng C, Fu Y, Niu J, Zheng W, You F, Yang Y, Ma X. A nanobody-based molecular toolkit for ubiquitin-proteasome system explores the main role of survivin subcellular localization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:952237. [PMID: 36743654 PMCID: PMC9895104 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.952237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation is a powerful tool for determining the function of specific proteins nowadays. Survivin is the smallest member of the inhibitor of the apoptosis protein (IAP) family. It exists in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells, but the exact function of survivin in different subcellular locations retained unclear updates due to the lack of effective and simple technical means. In this study, we created a novel nanoantibody-based molecular toolkit, namely, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (Nb4A-Fc-T2A-TRIM21), that can target to degrade survivin localized in cytoplasmic and cell nuclear by ubiquitinating, and by which to verify the potential roles of survivin subcellular localization. Also, the results showed that the cytoplasmic survivin mainly plays an anti-apoptotic function by directly or indirectly inhibiting the caspase pathway, and the nuclear survivin mainly promotes cell proliferation and participates in the regulation of the cell cycle. In addition, the Nb4A-Fc-T2A-TRIM21 system can degrade the endogenous survivin protein in a large amount by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and the system can provide theoretical support for ubiquitination degradation targeting other endogenous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ouyang
- Department of Hepatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Changping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinping Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyun Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xingyuan Ma, ; Yi Yang, ; Wenyun Zheng,
| | - Fang You
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Xingyuan Ma, ; Yi Yang, ; Wenyun Zheng,
| | - Xingyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xingyuan Ma, ; Yi Yang, ; Wenyun Zheng,
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Cottignies-Calamarte A, Tudor D, Bomsel M. Antibody Fc-chimerism and effector functions: When IgG takes advantage of IgA. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1037033. [PMID: 36817447 PMCID: PMC9933243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1037033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of therapeutic antibodies (Abs) have greatly improved the treatment of otherwise drug-resistant cancers and autoimmune diseases. Antibody activities are mediated by both their Fab and the Fc. However, therapeutic Abs base their protective mechanisms on Fc-mediated effector functions resulting in the activation of innate immune cells by FcRs. Therefore, Fc-bioengineering has been widely used to maximise the efficacy and convenience of therapeutic antibodies. Today, IgG remains the only commercially available therapeutic Abs, at the expense of other isotypes. Indeed, production, sampling, analysis and related in vivo studies are easier to perform with IgG than with IgA due to well-developed tools. However, interest in IgA is growing, despite a shorter serum half-life and a more difficult sampling and purification methods than IgG. Indeed, the paradigm that the effector functions of IgG surpass those of IgA has been experimentally challenged. Firstly, IgA has been shown to bind to its Fc receptor (FcR) on effector cells of innate immunity with greater efficiency than IgG, resulting in more robust IgA-mediated effector functions in vitro and better survival of treated animals. In addition, the two isotypes have been shown to act synergistically. From these results, new therapeutic formats of Abs are currently emerging, in particular chimeric Abs containing two tandemly expressed Fc, one from IgG (Fcγ) and one from IgA (Fcα). By binding both FcγR and FcαR on effector cells, these new chimeras showed improved effector functions in vitro that were translated in vivo. Furthermore, these chimeras retain an IgG-like half-life in the blood, which could improve Ab-based therapies, including in AIDS. This review provides the rationale, based on the biology of IgA and IgG, for the development of Fcγ and Fcα chimeras as therapeutic Abs, offering promising opportunities for HIV-1 infected patients. We will first describe the main features of the IgA- and IgG-specific Fc-mediated signalling pathways and their respective functional differences. We will then summarise the very promising results on Fcγ and Fcα containing chimeras in cancer treatment. Finally, we will discuss the impact of Fcα-Fcγ chimerism in prevention/treatment strategies against infectious diseases such as HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Cottignies-Calamarte
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV-1 and Mucosal Immunity, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Daniela Tudor
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV-1 and Mucosal Immunity, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Morgane Bomsel
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV-1 and Mucosal Immunity, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
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31
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Altered Expression of TRIM Proteins - Inimical Outcome and Inimitable Oncogenic Function in Breast Cancer with Diverse Carcinogenic Hallmarks. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:44-53. [PMID: 35021972 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220111122450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of ubiquitin-mediated degradation of oncogene products or tumor suppressors appears to be implicated in the genesis of carcinomas, according to new clinical findings. Conferring to recent research, some members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins (a subfamily of the RING type E3 ubiquitin ligases) act as significant carcinogenesis regulators. Intracellular signaling, development, apoptosis, protein quality control, innate immunity, autophagy, and carcinogenesis are all regulated by TRIM family proteins, the majority of which have E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The expression of TRIMs in tumors is likely to be related to the formation and/or progression of the disease, and TRIM expression could be used to predict cancer prognosis. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and also the leading cause of death. TRIM family proteins have unique, vital activities, and their dysregulation, such as TRIM 21, promotes breast cancer, according to growing evidence. Many TRIM proteins have been identified as important cancer biomarkers, with decreased or elevated levels of expression. TRIM29 functions as a hypoxia-induced tumor suppressor gene, revealing a new molecular mechanism for ATM-dependent breast cancer suppression. In breast cancer cells, the TRIM28-TWIST1-EMT axis exists, and TRIM28 enhances breast cancer metastasis by stabilizing TWIST1, and thereby increasing epithelial-tomesenchymal transition. Interestingly, many TRIM proteins are involved in the control of p53, and many TRIM proteins are likewise regulated by p53, according to current research. Furthermore, TRIMs linked to specific tumors may aid in the creation of innovative TRIM-targeted cancer treatments. This review focuses on TRIM proteins that are involved in tumor development, progression, and are of clinical significance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020, India
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Chen WY, Gong YQ, Zhou XR, Zhang RD, Liu SH, Lu W, Ren Q, Huang Y. Eight TRIM32 isoforms from oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense are involved in innate immunity during white spot syndrome virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:368-380. [PMID: 36243272 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins comprise a large family of RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligases that regulate important biological processes. In this study, full-length MnTRIM32 cDNA was obtained from oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense, and eight MnTRIM32 isoforms generated by alternative splicing were identified. The open reading frames of the eight MnTRIM32 isoforms were predicted to be separately composed of 402, 346, 347, 346, 414, 358, 359, and 358 amino acid residues. Protein structural analysis revealed that all MnTRIM32 isoforms contained a RING domain and a coiled coil region. MnTRIM32 was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested, with the highest expression in the hepatopancreas. The mRNA levels of MnTRIM32 in the gills, stomach, and intestine of prawns were found to undergo time-dependent enhancement following white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) stimulation. Double-stranded RNA interference studies revealed that MnTRIM32 silencing significantly downregulated the expression levels of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor MnIRF, IFN-like factor MnVago4, and tumor necrosis factor MnTNF. Furthermore, knockdown of MnTRIM32 in WSSV-challenged prawns increased the expression of VP28 and the number of WSSV copies, suggesting that MnTRIM32 plays a positive role in limiting WSSV infection. These findings provided strong evidence for the important role of MnTRIM32 in the antiviral innate immunity of M. nipponense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Chen
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Yi-Qing Gong
- Institute of Water Science and Technology, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Xu-Ri Zhou
- Jiangsu Power Transmission and Transformation Company Limited, 280 Heyan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210038, China
| | - Rui-Dong Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Song-Hai Liu
- Jiangsu Power Transmission and Transformation Company Limited, 280 Heyan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210038, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Jiangsu Power Transmission and Transformation Company Limited, 280 Heyan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210038, China
| | - Qian Ren
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China.
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33
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Chaikuad A, Zhubi R, Tredup C, Knapp S. Comparative structural analyses of the NHL domains from the human E3 ligase TRIM-NHL family. IUCRJ 2022; 9:720-727. [PMID: 36381143 PMCID: PMC9634614 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252522008582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins constitute one of the largest subfamilies of the RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases that play a role in diverse processes from homeostasis and immune response to viral restriction. While TRIM proteins typically harbor an N-terminal RING finger, a B-box and a coiled-coil domain, a high degree of diversity lies in their C termini that contain diverse protein interaction modules, most of which, both structures and their roles in intermolecular interactions, remain unknown. Here, high-resolution crystal structures of the NHL domains of three of the four human TRIM-NHL proteins, namely TRIM2, TRIM3 and TRIM71, are presented. Comparative structural analyses revealed that, despite sharing an evolutionarily conserved six-bladed β-propeller architecture, the low sequence identities resulted in distinct properties of these interaction domains at their putative binding sites for macromolecules. Interestingly, residues lining the binding cavities represent a hotspot for genetic mutations linked to several diseases. Thus, high sequence diversity within the conserved NHL domains might be essential for differentiating binding partners among TRIM-NHL proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apirat Chaikuad
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rezart Zhubi
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Tredup
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Translational Cancer Network (DKTK), Site Frankfurt/Mainz, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Ouyang Q, Yan M, Wang X, Zhang Q. Strategies for the treatment of HER2 + advanced breast cancer based on clinical practice in Chinese patients: a roundtable discussion. TRANSLATIONAL BREAST CANCER RESEARCH : A JOURNAL FOCUSING ON TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN BREAST CANCER 2022; 3:33. [PMID: 38751526 PMCID: PMC11093054 DOI: 10.21037/tbcr-22-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Human epithelial growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer is easy to relapse and metastasize in the early stage, and usually has more aggressive clinical behavior and worse patient survival outcomes as compared with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), HER2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer. The HER2+ breast cancer has been significantly enhanced by trastuzumab and other multiple novel HER2 anti-tumor drugs. The dual combination regimen of trastuzumab + pertuzumab has been established as the standard first-line therapy for advanced HER2+ patients, and pyrotinib with capecitabine is the preferred second-line treatment in Chinese patients. However, no third- or later-line regimens are currently recommended, and thus, the treatment needs of these patients remain unmet. Margetuximab is a human/mouse chimeric anti-HER2 immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) based on the murine precursor of trastuzumab, has shown greater efficacy than trastuzumab in terms of its natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) effect and may become the preferred solution for HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (mBC) following progression on second-line therapy with small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This paper explores discussion of therapeutic strategies of anti-HER2 drugs based on Chinese clinical practice, and summarizes the consensus and controversy in the post-anti-HER2 TKIs guideline recommendations, so as to provide certain guidance to HER2+ mBC patients pretreated with TKIs in the third or later lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quchang Ouyang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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35
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Chan EKL. Anti-Ro52 Autoantibody Is Common in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases and Correlating with Worse Outcome when Associated with interstitial lung disease in Systemic Sclerosis and Autoimmune Myositis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:178-193. [PMID: 35040083 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the 30 plus years research progress since the discovery of autoantibody to Ro52/TRIM21 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome (SjS). After the initial expression cloning of the Ro52 cDNA, it has taken many years to the current understanding in the interesting biological function of Ro52 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and its role in innate immune clearance of intracellular IgG-bound complex. Early observations show that anti-Ro52, mostly associated with anti-SS-A/Ro60 and/or anti-SS-B/La, is commonly found in SLE (40-70%), SjS (70-90%), neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE, 75-90%), and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (50-60%). Anti-Ro52 has long been postulated to play a direct pathogenic role in congenital heart block in NLE as well as in the QT interval prolongation in some adults. The widespread availability of the anti-Ro52 assay has led to the detection of anti-Ro52 in other diseases including autoimmune hepatitis (20-40%), systemic sclerosis (10-30%), and autoimmune myositis (20-40%). More than ten studies have pointed to an association of anti-Ro52 with interstitial lung disease and, more importantly, correlating with poor outcome and worse survival. Other studies are implicating an interesting role for anti-Ro52 in the diagnosis of certain cancers. Future studies are needed to examine the mechanism in the pathogenesis of anti-Ro52 and carefully documenting its causal relationships in different disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0424, USA.
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36
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Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zheng L, Guo Q. The roles and targeting options of TRIM family proteins in tumor. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:999380. [PMID: 36249749 PMCID: PMC9561884 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.999380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) containing proteins are a class of E3 ubiquitin ligases, which are critically implicated in the occurrence and development of tumors. They can function through regulating various aspects of tumors, such as tumor proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis and the development of drug resistance during tumor therapy. Some members of TRIM family proteins can mediate protein ubiquitination and chromosome translocation via modulating several signaling pathways, like p53, NF-κB, AKT, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin and other molecular regulatory mechanisms. The multi-domain nature/multi-functional biological role of TRIMs implies that blocking just one function or one domain might not be sufficient to obtain the desired therapeutic outcome, therefore, a detailed and systematic understanding of the biological functions of the individual domains of TRIMs is required. This review mainly described their roles and underlying mechanisms in tumorigenesis and progression, and it might shade light on a potential targeting strategy for TRIMs in tumor treatment, especially using PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lufeng Zheng, ; Qianqian Guo,
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lufeng Zheng, ; Qianqian Guo,
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Tong Q, Yi M, Kong P, Xu L, Huang W, Niu Y, Gan X, Zhan H, Tian R, Yan D. TRIM36 inhibits tumorigenesis through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:278. [PMID: 36068629 PMCID: PMC9450375 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and has an extremely poor prognosis. We aimed to determine the latent relationships between TRIM36 regulation of apoptosis and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in HCC. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to characterize the aberrant expression of TRIM36 in HCC and adjacent tissues. Clinical information was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox methods. RNA-seq of potential targets was conducted to detect the regulation of TRIM36. Apoptosis assays and cellular proliferation, invasion and migration were conducted in a loss- and gain-of-function manner in cultured cells to determine the biological functions of TRIM36. A rescue experiment was conducted to confirm the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in TRIM36 regulation. Finally, in vivo experiments were conducted using cell line-derived xenografts in nude mice to validate the central role of TRIM36 in HCC. RESULTS TRIM36 expression was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues. TRIM36 repressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of Huh7 and HCCLM3 cells, whereas it stimulated apoptosis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was inhibited by TRIM36, and rescue experiments highlighted its importance in HCC proliferation, migration, and invasion. In vivo experiments further confirmed the effects of sh-TRIM36 on HCC tumorigenesis, inhibition of apoptosis, and promotion of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to indicate that TRIM36 acts as a tumor suppressor in HCC. TRIM36 activates apoptosis and inhibits cellular proliferation, invasion, and migration via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which may serve as an important biomarker and promising therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- The Third Affiliated, Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mingyu Yi
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Panpan Kong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wukui Huang
- The Third Affiliated, Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yue Niu
- The Third Affiliated, Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Gan
- The Third Affiliated, Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huan Zhan
- The Third Affiliated, Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
- The Third Affiliated, Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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Yuan L, Li P, Jing H, Zheng Q, Xiao H. trim-21 promotes proteasomal degradation of CED-1 for apoptotic cell clearance in C. elegans. eLife 2022; 11:76436. [PMID: 35929733 PMCID: PMC9388098 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phagocytic receptor CED-1 mediates apoptotic cell recognition by phagocytic cells, enabling cell corpse clearance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Whether appropriate levels of CED-1 are maintained for executing the engulfment function remains unknown. Here, we identified the C. elegans E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif containing-21 (TRIM-21) as a component of the CED-1 pathway for apoptotic cell clearance. When the NPXY motif of CED-1 was bound to the adaptor protein CED-6 or the YXXL motif of CED-1 was phosphorylated by tyrosine kinase SRC-1 and subsequently bound to the adaptor protein NCK-1 containing the SH2 domain, TRIM-21 functioned in conjunction with UBC-21 to catalyze K48-linked poly-ubiquitination on CED-1, targeting it for proteasomal degradation. In the absence of TRIM-21, CED-1 accumulated post-translationally and drove cell corpse degradation defects, as evidenced by direct binding to VHA-10. These findings reveal a unique mechanism for the maintenance of appropriate levels of CED-1 to regulate apoptotic cell clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'An, China
| | - Peiyao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'An, China
| | - Huiru Jing
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'An, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'An, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'An, China
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Ramos AF, Fernandes LA, Batista F, de Souza Vieira B, Thompson M, Mattos JJ, Marques MRF, de Lourdes Borba Magalhães M, da Silva GF. TRIM21 chimeric protein as a new molecular tool for multispecies IgG detection. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:111. [PMID: 35900674 PMCID: PMC9334459 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The production of monoclonal antibodies for immunoglobulin detection is not cost-effective, while polyclonal antibody production depends on laboratory animals, raising concerns on animal welfare. The widespread use of immunoglobulins in the pharmaceutical industry and the increasing number and variety of new antibodies entering the market require new detection and purification strategies. The Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 is a soluble intracellular immunoglobulin G receptor that binds to the constant region of immunoglobulin G from various species with high affinity. We hypothesized that using this protein as an antibody-binding module to create immunoglobulin detection probes will improve the portfolio of antibody affinity ligands for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Results We created a chimeric protein containing a mutated form of the C-terminal domain of mouse Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 linked to streptavidin to detect immunoglobulin G from various species of mammals. The protein is produced by heterologous expression and consists of an improved molecular tool, expanding the portfolio of antibody-affinity ligands for immunoassays. We also demonstrate that this affinity ligand may be used for purification purposes since imidazole elution of antibodies can be achieved instead of acidic elution conditions of current antibody purification methods. Conclusion Data reported here provides an additional and superior alternative to the use of secondary antibodies, expanding the portfolio of antibodies affinity ligands for detection and purification purposes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43141-022-00396-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelize Felicio Ramos
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Antônio Fernandes
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Franciane Batista
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | | | - Mayerson Thompson
- Research and Development Department, Bioclin®, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.565-130, Brazil
| | - Jacó Joaquim Mattos
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Maria de Lourdes Borba Magalhães
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Felippe da Silva
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil.
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C-terminal glutamine acts as a C-degron targeted by E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM7. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203218119. [PMID: 35867826 PMCID: PMC9335266 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203218119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The exposed N-terminal or C-terminal residues of proteins can act, in cognate sequence contexts, as degradation signals (degrons) that are targeted by specific E3 ubiquitin ligases for proteasome-dependent degradation by N-degron or C-degron pathways. Here, we discovered a distinct C-degron pathway, termed the Gln/C-degron pathway, in which the B30.2 domain of E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM7 (TRIM7B30.2) mediates the recognition of proteins bearing a C-terminal glutamine. By determining crystal structures of TRIM7B30.2 in complexes with various peptides, we show that TRIM7B30.2 forms a positively charged binding pocket to engage the "U"-shaped Gln/C-degron. The four C-terminal residues of a substrate play an important role in C-degron recognition, with C-terminal glutamine as the principal determinant. In vitro biochemical and cellular experiments were used to further analyze the substrate specificity and selective degradation of the Gln/C-degron by TRIM7.
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Li M, Huang J, Zhu Y, Huang Z, Zhang G, Huang J. Anti-L1 antibody-bound HPV16 pseudovirus is degraded intracellularly via TRIM21/proteasomal pathway. Virol J 2022; 19:90. [PMID: 35619167 PMCID: PMC9137102 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent HPV16 infection is the leading risk factor for developing cervical cancer. Anti-L1 antibodies against HPV16 produced in HPV16 infections play diverse roles in the clearance of virus infection and prevention of persistence. It has been implicated that the cervicovaginal squamous epithelial cells actually express TRIM21 and that some HPV16 particles could escape leaky endosomal compartment into the cytosol and that Fc receptor TRIM21 directly neutralize infection by targeting antibody-opsonized viruses for proteasomal degradation. We explored whether anti-L1 antibody opsonized HPV16 pseudovirus (PsV) entered into the cytosol could be neutralized by TRIM21-mediated activation of a proteasomal pathway to reduce the chance of persistent HPV16 infection. Methods HPV16 PsV were generated and extracted in HEK 293FT cells co-transfected with pcDNA3.1-eGFP and p16sheLL plasmids according to the standard protocol. The HPV16 PsV with capsid protein L1 was characterized by fluorescence microscopy and western blot, and the HPV16 PsV titer and anti-L1-bound PsV entry efficiency were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of transcription factors (TF) and cytokines elicited by the TRIM21-activated proteasomal pathway were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RT-qPCR. The changes in HPV16 PsV load with or without inhibitors in the infected HEK 293FT cells were determinated by qPCR. Results Simultaneous transfection with pcDNA3.1-eGFP and p16sheLL plasmids into the HEK 293FT cells resulted in the self-assembly of HPV16 PsV with capsid protein L1. Both HPV16 PsV and anti-L1-bound HPV16 PsV could infect HEK 293FT cells. Anti-L1-bound PsV up-regulated TRIM21 mediated-activation of proteasome and increased expressions of TF and cytokines in the infected cells where HPV16 PsV load reduced by ~ 1000-fold in the presence of anti-L1 antibody, but inhibition of proteasomal activity increased HPV16 PsV load. Conclusion Our preliminary results indicate that anti-L1 antibody entered with HPV16 PsV into the cells could mediate degradation of HPV16 PsV by TRIM21-activated proteasomal pathway intracellularly, giving anti-capsid protein L1 antibody a role in host defense of persistent HPV16 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Cancer Institute, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ultrasound, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Huang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Basic Medical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guonan Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Cancer Institute, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Sun M, Li S, Jin S, Li X, Xiang J, Li F. A Novel TRIM9 Protein Promotes NF-κB Activation Through Interacting With LvIMD in Shrimp During WSSV Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:819881. [PMID: 35281067 PMCID: PMC8904877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.819881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The TRIpartite Motif (TRIM) proteins play key roles in cell differentiation, apoptosis, development, autophagy, and innate immunity in vertebrates. In the present study, a novel TRIM9 homolog (designated as LvTRIM9-1) specifically expressed in the lymphoid organ of shrimp was identified from the Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Its deduced amino acid sequence possesses the typical features of TRIM proteins, including a RING domain, two B-boxes, a coiled-coil domain, a FN3 domain, and a SPRY domain. The transcripts of LvTRIM9-1 were mainly located in the lymphoid tubules of the lymphoid organ. Knockdown of LvTRIM9-1 could apparently inhibit the transcriptions of some genes from white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and reduce the viral propagation in the lymphoid organ. Overexpression of LvTRIM9-1 in mammalian cells could activate the promoter activity of NF-κB, and an in vivo experiment in shrimp showed that knockdown of LvTRIM9-1 reduced the expression of LvRelish in the lymphoid organ. Yeast two-hybridization and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays confirmed that LvTRIM9-1 could directly interact with LvIMD, a key component of the IMD pathway, through its SPRY domain. These data suggest that LvTRIM9-1 could activate the IMD pathway in shrimp via interaction with LvIMD. This is the first evidence to show the regulation of a TRIM9 protein on the IMD pathway through its direct interaction with IMD, which will enrich our knowledge on the role of TRIM proteins in innate immunity of invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shihao Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Songjun Jin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuechun Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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43
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Foss S, Jonsson A, Bottermann M, Watkinson R, Lode HE, McAdam MB, Michaelsen TE, Sandlie I, James LC, Andersen JT. Potent TRIM21 and complement-dependent intracellular antiviral immunity requires the IgG3 hinge. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabj1640. [PMID: 35486676 PMCID: PMC7614286 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abj1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Humans have four IgG antibody subclasses that selectively or differentially engage immune effector molecules to protect against infections. Although IgG1 has been studied in detail and is the subclass of most approved antibody therapeutics, increasing evidence indicates that IgG3 is associated with enhanced protection against pathogens. Here, we report that IgG3 has superior capacity to mediate intracellular antiviral immunity compared with the other subclasses due to its uniquely extended and flexible hinge region, which facilitates improved recruitment of the cytosolic Fc receptor TRIM21, independently of Fc binding affinity. TRIM21 may also synergize with complement C1/C4-mediated lysosomal degradation via capsid inactivation. We demonstrate that this process is potentiated by IgG3 in a hinge-dependent manner. Our findings reveal differences in how the four IgG subclasses mediate intracellular immunity, knowledge that may guide IgG subclass selection and engineering of antiviral antibodies for prophylaxis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Foss
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0371 Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, P.O. Box 4956, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandra Jonsson
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0371 Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, P.O. Box 4956, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Bottermann
- Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2-0QH, UK
| | - Ruth Watkinson
- Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2-0QH, UK
| | - Heidrun E Lode
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0371 Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, P.O. Box 4956, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin B McAdam
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0371 Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, P.O. Box 4956, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje E Michaelsen
- Department of Chemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0371 Oslo, Norway.,Infection Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0371 Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, P.O. Box 4956, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Leo C James
- Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2-0QH, UK
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- CIR and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, P.O. Box 4956, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
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Fernandes AP, Águeda-Pinto A, Pinheiro A, Rebelo H, Esteves PJ. Evolution of TRIM5 and TRIM22 in Bats Reveals a Complex Duplication Process. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020345. [PMID: 35215944 PMCID: PMC8879501 DOI: 10.3390/v14020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immunological response in mammals involves a diverse and complex network of many proteins. Over the last years, the tripartite motif-containing protein 5 (TRIM5) and 22 (TRIM22) have shown promise as restriction factors of a plethora of viruses that infect primates. Although there have been studies describing the evolution of these proteins in a wide range of mammals, no prior studies of the TRIM6/34/5/22 gene cluster have been performed in the Chiroptera order. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of the evolution of this gene cluster in several bat genomes. Examination of different yangochiroptera and yinpterochiroptera bat species revealed a dynamic history of gene expansion occurring in TRIM5 and TRIM22 genes. Multiple copies of TRIM5 were found in the genomes of several bats, demonstrating a very low degree of conservation in the synteny of this gene among species of the Chiroptera order. Our findings also reveal that TRIM22 is often found duplicated in yangochiroptera bat species, an evolutionary phenomenon not yet observed in any other lineages of mammals. In total, we identified 31 TRIM5 and 19 TRIM22 amino acids to be evolving under positive selection, with most of the residues being placed in the PRYSPRY domain, known to be responsible for binding to the viral capsid during restriction in the primate orthologous TRIM proteins. Altogether, our results help to shed light on the distinctive role of bats in nature as reservoirs of viruses, many of which have become threatening zoonotic diseases through virus spillover in the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre P. Fernandes
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.P.F.); (A.Á.-P.); (A.P.); (H.R.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Ana Águeda-Pinto
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.P.F.); (A.Á.-P.); (A.P.); (H.R.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Ana Pinheiro
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.P.F.); (A.Á.-P.); (A.P.); (H.R.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Hugo Rebelo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.P.F.); (A.Á.-P.); (A.P.); (H.R.)
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro J. Esteves
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.P.F.); (A.Á.-P.); (A.P.); (H.R.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- CITS—Centro de Investigac¸ão em Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Saúde do Norte (IPSN), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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TRIM21 regulates pyroptotic cell death by promoting Gasdermin D oligomerization. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:439-450. [PMID: 34511601 PMCID: PMC8817046 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin-D (GSDMD), the executioner of pyroptotic cell death when it is cleaved by inflammatory caspases, plays a crucial role in host defense and the response to danger signals. So far, there are no known mechanisms, other than cleavage, for regulating GSDMD. Here, we show that tripartite motif protein TRIM21 acts as a positive regulator of GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis. TRIM21 interacted with GSDMD via its PRY-SPRY domain, maintaining GSDMD stable expression in resting cells yet inducing the N-terminus of GSDMD (GSDMD-N) aggregation during pyroptosis. TRIM21-deficient cells displayed a reduced cell death in response to NLRP3 or NLRC4 inflammasome activation. Genetic ablation of TRIM21 in mice conferred protection from LPS-induced inflammation and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Therefore, TRIM21 plays an essential role in GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and may be a viable target for controlling and treating inflammation-associated diseases.
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Sahin M, Remy MM, Fallet B, Sommerstein R, Florova M, Langner A, Klausz K, Straub T, Kreutzfeldt M, Wagner I, Schmidt CT, Malinge P, Magistrelli G, Izui S, Pircher H, Verbeek JS, Merkler D, Peipp M, Pinschewer DD. Antibody bivalency improves antiviral efficacy by inhibiting virion release independently of Fc gamma receptors. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110303. [PMID: 35108544 PMCID: PMC8822495 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Across the animal kingdom, multivalency discriminates antibodies from all other immunoglobulin superfamily members. The evolutionary forces conserving multivalency above other structural hallmarks of antibodies remain, however, incompletely defined. Here, we engineer monovalent either Fc-competent or -deficient antibody formats to investigate mechanisms of protection of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and non-neutralizing antibodies (nnAbs) in virus-infected mice. Antibody bivalency enables the tethering of virions to the infected cell surface, inhibits the release of virions in cell culture, and suppresses viral loads in vivo independently of Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) interactions. In return, monovalent antibody formats either do not inhibit virion release and fail to protect in vivo or their protective efficacy is largely FcγR dependent. Protection in mice correlates with virus-release-inhibiting activity of nAb and nnAb rather than with their neutralizing capacity. These observations provide mechanistic insights into the evolutionary conservation of antibody bivalency and help refining correlates of nnAb protection for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sahin
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melissa M Remy
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benedict Fallet
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rami Sommerstein
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Florova
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Langner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Straub
- Institute for Immunology, Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia T Schmidt
- BioEM Lab, Center for Cellular Imaging & Nano Analytics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Malinge
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune SA, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | - Shozo Izui
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hanspeter Pircher
- Institute for Immunology, Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Li C, Zhou Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Hu J, Ren C, Ding J, Jiang D, Li Y. Porcine TRIM35 positively regulate TRAF3-mediated IFN-β production and inhibit Japanese encephalitis virus replication. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104290. [PMID: 34626690 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif 35 (TRIM35) protein is a ubiquitin E3 ligase that mediates interferon-beta (IFN-β) production via regulating ubiquitination of multiple adaptor proteins in innate immune signaling pathways. Here, we cloned the porcine TRIM35 (porTRIM35) gene and analyzed its involvement in IFN-β expression as well as the antiviral response against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The full-length porTRIM35 gene encoded a 493-amino acid protein and exhibited 79.6%-89.5% sequence similarity with its orthologues in humans, mice, monkeys and rabbits. porTRIM35 possessed typical structural features of TRIMs, including a RING domain, a B-box domain, a coiled-coil domain and a PRY/SPYR domain. Exogenous overexpression of porTRIM35 significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression level of IFN-β in swine testicular (ST) cell in response to poly(I:C) stimulation, whereas knockdown endogenous expression of porTRIM35 lead to a decrease in the expression level of IFN-β. Mechanically, porTRIM35 directly interacted with porcine TNF-receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and catalyzed its Lys63-linked polyubiquitination, thereby leading to the up-regulation of IFN-β production. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that the RING and PRY/SPRY domains were essential for the E3 ligase activity of porTRIM35. In response to JEV infection, the endogenous expression of porTRIM35 was markedly inhibited at the mRNA level, while exogenous expression of porTRIM35 significantly elevated the expression of IFN-β induced by JEV infection and reduced viral titers in ST cells, suggesting that porTRIM35 is a negative regulator for JEV replication. These data demonstrate the importance of porTRIM35 in IFN-β expression as well as the antiviral response against JEV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Yanyang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jingbo Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cicheng Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daoyuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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48
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Abstract
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions. Optogenetics has the advantages of noninvasiveness, rapid responsiveness, tunable reversibility, and superior spatiotemporal resolution. Following the initial discovery of microbial opsins as light-actuated ion channels, a plethora of naturally occurring or engineered photoreceptors or photosensitive domains that respond to light at varying wavelengths has ushered in the next chapter of optogenetics. Through protein engineering and synthetic biology approaches, genetically-encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control a myriad of biological processes, as well as to enable behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo. Here, we summarize these optogenetic tools on the basis of their fundamental photochemical properties to better inform the chemical basis and design principles. We also highlight exemplary applications of opsin-free optogenetics in dissecting cellular physiology (designated "optophysiology"), and describe the current progress, as well as future trends, in wireless optogenetics, which enables remote interrogation of physiological processes with minimal invasiveness. This review is anticipated to spark novel thoughts on engineering next-generation optogenetic tools and devices that promise to accelerate both basic and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States.,Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lian He
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yun Huang
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States
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49
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Arase N, Tsuji H, Takamatsu H, Jin H, Konaka H, Hamaguchi Y, Tonomura K, Kotobuki Y, Ueda-Hayakawa I, Matsuoka S, Hirano T, Yorifuji H, Murota H, Ohmura K, Nakashima R, Sato T, Kumanogoh A, Katayama I, Arase H, Fujimoto M. Cell surface-expressed Ro52/IgG/HLA-DR complex is targeted by autoantibodies in patients with inflammatory myopathies. J Autoimmun 2021; 126:102774. [PMID: 34896887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular proteins are often targeted by autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases; however, the mechanism through which intracellular molecules are targeted remains unknown. We previously found that several intracellular misfolded proteins are transported to the cell surface by HLA class II molecules and are recognized by autoantibodies in some autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, antiphospholipid syndrome, and microscopic polyangiitis. Ro52 is an intracellular Fc receptor that is a target antigen for myositis-associated autoantibodies. We analyzed the role of HLA class II molecules in the autoantibody recognition of Ro52. Ro52 alone was not transported to the cell surface by HLA class II molecules; however, it was transported to the cell surface in the presence of both IgG heavy chain and HLA class II molecules to form a Ro52/IgG/HLA-DR complex. The Ro52/IgG/HLA-DR complex was specifically recognized by autoantibodies from some patients with inflammatory myopathies. We then evaluated 120 patients with inflammatory myopathies with four types of myositis-specific antibodies and analyzed the autoantibodies against the Ro52/IgG/HLA-DR complex. The specific antibodies against the Ro52/IgG/HLA-DR complex were detected in 90% and 93% of patients who were positive for anti-MDA5 and anti-ARS antibodies, respectively. In individual patients with these two inflammatory myopathies, changes in serum titers of anti-Ro52/IgG/HLA-DR-specific antibodies were correlated with the levels of KL-6 (R = 0.51 in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive DM patients, R = 0.67 in anti-ARS antibody-positive PM/DM patients with respiratory symptoms) and CK (R = 0.63 in anti-ARS antibody-positive PM/DM patients with muscle symptoms) over time. These results suggest that antibodies against Ro52/IgG/HLA-DR expressed on the cell surface could be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathy subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Arase
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Tsuji
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Hui Jin
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hachiro Konaka
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Kyoko Tonomura
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Sumiko Matsuoka
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Hirano
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorifuji
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murota
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Ran Nakashima
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Sato
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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50
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Kiss L, James LC. The molecular mechanisms that drive intracellular neutralization by the antibody-receptor and RING E3 ligase TRIM21. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 126:99-107. [PMID: 34823983 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cytosolic antibody receptor and RING E3 ligase TRIM21 targets intracellular, antibody-coated immune complexes for degradation and activates the immune system. Here we review how TRIM21 degrades diverse targets and how this activity can be exploited in molecular biology and for the development of new therapeutics. In addition, we compare what is known about TRIM21's mechanism to other TRIM proteins and RING E3 ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Kiss
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, UK.
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