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Mehrabipour M, Nakhaei-Rad S, Dvorsky R, Lang A, Verhülsdonk P, Ahmadian MR, Piekorz RP. SIRT4 as a novel interactor and candidate suppressor of C-RAF kinase in MAPK signaling. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302507. [PMID: 38499327 PMCID: PMC10948936 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular responses leading to development, proliferation, and differentiation depend on RAF/MEK/ERK signaling, which integrates and amplifies signals from various stimuli for downstream cellular responses. C-RAF activation has been reported in many types of tumor cell proliferation and developmental disorders, necessitating the discovery of potential C-RAF protein regulators. Here, we identify a novel and specific protein interaction between C-RAF among the RAF kinase paralogs, and SIRT4 among the mitochondrial sirtuin family members SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5. Structurally, C-RAF binds to SIRT4 through the N-terminal cysteine-rich domain, whereas SIRT4 predominantly requires the C-terminus for full interaction with C-RAF. Interestingly, SIRT4 specifically interacts with C-RAF in a pre-signaling inactive (serine 259-phosphorylated) state. Consistent with this finding, the expression of SIRT4 in HEK293 cells results in an up-regulation of pS259-C-RAF levels and a concomitant reduction in MAPK signaling as evidenced by strongly decreased phospho-ERK signals. Thus, we propose an additional extra-mitochondrial function of SIRT4 as a cytosolic tumor suppressor of C-RAF-MAPK signaling, besides its metabolic tumor suppressor role of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate levels in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Mehrabipour
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- Stem Cell Biology, and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Radovan Dvorsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Lang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Verhülsdonk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohammad R Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland P Piekorz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Yan X, Kuang BH, Ma S, Wang R, Lin J, Zeng YX, Xie X, Feng L. NOP14-mediated ribosome biogenesis is required for mTORC2 activation and predicts rapamycin sensitivity. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105681. [PMID: 38272224 PMCID: PMC10891341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) forms two distinct complexes: rapamycin-sensitive mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and rapamycin-insensitive mTORC2. mTORC2 primarily regulates cell survival by phosphorylating Akt, though the upstream regulation of mTORC2 remains less well-defined than that of mTORC1. In this study, we show that NOP14, a 40S ribosome biogenesis factor and a target of the mTORC1-S6K axis, plays an essential role in mTORC2 signaling. Knockdown of NOP14 led to mTORC2 inactivation and Akt destabilization. Conversely, overexpression of NOP14 stimulated mTORC2-Akt activation and enhanced cell proliferation. Fractionation and coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the mTORC2 complex was recruited to the rough endoplasmic reticulum through association with endoplasmic reticulum-bound ribosomes. In vivo, high levels of NOP14 correlated with poor prognosis in multiple cancer types. Notably, cancer cells with NOP14 high expression exhibit increased sensitivity to mTOR inhibitors, because the feedback activation of the PI3K-PDK1-Akt axis by mTORC1 inhibition was compensated by mTORC2 inhibition partly through NOP14 downregulation. In conclusion, our findings reveal a spatial regulation of mTORC2-Akt signaling and identify ribosome biogenesis as a potential biomarker for assessing rapalog response in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo-Hua Kuang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengsuo Ma
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihua Wang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinzhong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Zhangjiang mRNA Innovation and Translation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoduo Xie
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu S, Wang H, Yang B, Hou B, Sun L, Pang H, Wang H, Fan Y. Circ_0068087 knockdown attenuates high-glucose-induced human tubular epithelial cell injury in a microribonucleic acid/progestin and adipoQ receptor 3-dependent manner in diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:159-171. [PMID: 37985406 PMCID: PMC10804928 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Previous studies have shown that circular ribonucleic acid mediates the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed to analyze the effects of circ_0068087 on high-glucose (HG)-induced human kidney 2 (HK2) cell dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Circ_0068087, miR-580-3p, and progestin and adipoQ receptor 3 (PAQR3) expression were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability and proliferation were investigated by Cell Counting Kit-8 and EdU assays, respectively. The cell apoptotic rate was assessed by flow cytometry. Inflammatory response was assessed by enzyme-linked immunoassays. Oxidative stress was evaluated by a superoxide dismutase activity assay kit and lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde assay kit. Molecular interaction was identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Circ_0068087 and PAQR3 expression were significantly upregulated in diabetic nephropathy patients. HG treatment inhibited HK2 cell proliferation, but induced cell apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating circ_0068087. Circ_0068087 acted as a microribonucleic acid-580-3p (miR-580-3p) sponge, and miR-580-3p targeted PAQR3. Furthermore, circ_0068087 depletion repressed PAQR3 expression through miR-580-3p. MiR-580-3p inhibitors or PAQR3 introduction attenuated circ_0068087 silencing mediated-effects in HG-treated HK2 cells. CONCLUSION Circ_0068087 promoted HG-induced HK2 cell injuries by the regulation of the miR-580-3p/PAQR3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu‐yan Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital)JiaozuoChina
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital)JiaozuoChina
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital)JiaozuoChina
| | - Baohua Hou
- Medical College of Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuoChina
| | - Li‐sha Sun
- Department of GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital)JiaozuoChina
| | - Hui Pang
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital)JiaozuoChina
| | - Hui‐hui Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital)JiaozuoChina
| | - Yan‐ping Fan
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital)JiaozuoChina
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Wang L, Yue Y, Zhang L, Jing M, Ma M, Liu C, Li Y, Xu S, Wang K, Wang X, Fan J, Zhang M. PAQR5 inhibits the growth and metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by suppressing the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1317-1332. [PMID: 37126128 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has a high degree of malignancy and poor overall prognosis in advanced and metastatic patients. Therefore, it is of great significance to find new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ccRCC. The expression of progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 5 (PAQR5) is significantly downregulated in ccRCC compared with normal tissues, but its specific mechanism and potential biological function in ccRCC remain unclear. METHODS The expression pattern of PAQR5 and the correlation between the PAQR5 expression and clinicopathological parameters and various survival periods in ccRCC patients were analyzed by using multiple public databases and ccRCC tissues chip. Its prognostic value was analyzed by univariate/multivariate Cox regression. In addition, MTT assay, EdU staining assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, transwell migration and invasion assay, colony formation assay, immunofluorescence assay, and a xenograft tumor model were conducted to assess the biological function of PAQR5 in ccRCC in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Our results indicated that the downregulation of PAQR5 was demonstrated in ccRCC tumor tissues and associated with poorer OS, DSS, and PFI. Meanwhile, the univariate/multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that PAQR5 might serve as an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC, and its low expression was tightly correlated with tumor progression and distant metastasis. Mechanistically, a series of gain- and loss-of-function assay revealed that PAQR5 could suppress the ccRCC proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the tumor suppressor role of PAQR5 in ccRCC. PAQR5 is a valuable prognostic biomarker for ccRCC and may provide new strategies for clinical targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangyang Yue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minxuan Jing
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minghai Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinhai Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of education, Xi'an, China.
| | - Mengzhao Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Li Z, Lin Y, Zhuo S, Chen J, Chen L, Wang S, Chen Y. PAQR9 regulates glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice and modulates insulin secretion in β cells in vitro under stress conditions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 575:112032. [PMID: 37499998 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone and adipoQ receptor 9 (PAQR9) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized membrane protein that is involved in protein quality control of ER by interacting with BAG6. One of the physiological functions of PAQR9 is regulation of fasting-induced ketogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in the liver via modulating protein degradation of PPARα. However, it is currently unknown whether or not PAQR9 impacts glucose homeostasis. We addressed this question using a Paqr9-deleted mouse model in which type 1 diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection and type 2 diabetes was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) with streptozotocin injection. Paqr9 deletion improved hyperglycemia and glucose tolerance in both of the diabetic mouse models. In the pancreatic islets, Paqr9 deletion reduced apoptosis of β cells in type 2 diabetic mice. Paqr9 deletion also reduced HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and adiposity of white adipose tissue. In Min6 cells, overexpression of DUF3538 domain of BAG6 to block the interaction of PAQR9 with BAG6 was able to enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion upon treatment with inflammatory factors or thapsigargin, an ER stress inducer. Thapsigargin-induced ER stress markers were also reduced by overexpression of DUF3538 domain. Collectively, these results indicate that PAQR9 has a modulatory role in glucose homeostasis, associated with regulation on insulin secretion of β cells in vitro under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shixuan Zhuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Si S, Zhang X, Yu Y, Zhang X, Zhong X, Yuan J, Yang S, Li F. Structure and function analyses of the Mmd2 gene in pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Front Genet 2023; 14:1151193. [PMID: 37485334 PMCID: PMC10361620 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1151193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte to macrophage differentiation factor 2 gene (Mmd2) encodes a member of the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family, and plays a key role in growth and development. Our previous studies had found Mmd2 (Monocyte to macrophage differentiation factor 2) is a new candidate gene for growth traits in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). For the purpose of understanding the underlying mechanism of LvMmd2 affecting the growth of shrimp, we analyzed the gene structure, phylogeny, expression profiles and RNA interference of this gene in L. vannamei. We found the LvMmd2 gene sequence was highly conserved in transmembrane regions, it was widely expressed in different tissues, with the highest expression level in the eye stalk. Knockdown LvMmd2 could significantly promote body length and body weight gain, suggesting it is a growth suppressor. Through transcriptome analysis we identified 422 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the dsMmd2 group and control group, among which 337 genes were upregulated in the dsMmd2 group, including numerous muscle-related genes and protein synthesis genes. Further bioinformatics analysis showed that growth, metabolism, and immune-related signal pathway had changed significantly. The above results greatly increase our understanding on the conservative structure and function of LvMmd2 gene, and provide potential application prospects in genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Si
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- School of Life and Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- School of Life and Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhong
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Yuan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Song Yang
- School of Life and Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Wu S, Zhao X, Hao S, Li F, Wang Y, Liu B, Zhang D, Wang Y, Zhou H. Key events in cancer: Dysregulation of SREBPs. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1130747. [PMID: 36969840 PMCID: PMC10030587 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1130747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprogramming is an important hallmark of tumor progression. Cancer cells require high levels of lipid synthesis and uptake not only to support their continued replication, invasion, metastasis, and survival but also to participate in the formation of biological membranes and signaling molecules. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are core transcription factors that control lipid metabolism and the expression of important genes for lipid synthesis and uptake. A growing number of studies have shown that SREBPs are significantly upregulated in human cancers and serve as intermediaries providing a mechanistic link between lipid metabolism reprogramming and malignancy. Different subcellular localizations, including endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and nucleus, play an indispensable role in regulating the cleavage maturation and activity of SREBPs. In this review, we focus on the relationship between aberrant regulation of SREBPs activity in three organelles and tumor progression. Because blocking the regulation of lipid synthesis by SREBPs has gradually become an important part of tumor therapy, this review also summarizes and analyzes several current mainstream strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shouwang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiming Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Faping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Difei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yishu Wang, Honglan Zhou,
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yishu Wang, Honglan Zhou,
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Wu Y, Hong L, Ling Z, Hu X, Liu Z, Li P, Ling Z. Golgi scaffold protein
PAQR3
as a candidate suppressor of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma via regulating
TGF
‐β/Smad pathway. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24617. [PMID: 35870178 PMCID: PMC9459307 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the function of PAQR3 in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) and understand the possible mechanism of PAQR3 in regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods We detected PAQR3 protein in 146 GCA tissues and paired normal adjacent tissues (PNTs) specimens using immunohistochemical analysis, and explored its clinical significance. The expression levels of PAQR3 protein in 20 GCA tissues, their paired PNTs, HGC27, SGC7901, and GES‐1 cells were analyzed by Western blot. Wild‐type PAQR3 was overexpressed in HGC27 cells. The effects of PAQR3 overexpression on the function of HGC27 cells and its underlying mechanisms were then analyzed through a series of cell and molecular biology experiments. Results PAQR3 was significantly down‐regulated in GCA tissues when compared with paired PNTs (p < 0.0001). The expression level of PAQR3 in GCA tissues was significantly negatively correlated with Helicobacter pylori infection (p = 0.000), venous invasion (p = 0.000), invasion depth (p = 0.000), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.022), tumor stage (p = 0.000), and patient survival (p = 0.009). Downregulation of PAQR3 was highly correlated with increased EMT signature and activated TGF‐β/Smad pathway in GCA tissues. Overexpression of PAQR3 in HGC27 cells negatively regulates its cellular functions, such as cell proliferation and migration, and suppresses EMT. Mechanistically, overexpression of PAQR3 significantly down‐regulates the protein expression levels of TGF‐1, p‐Smad2, and p‐Smad3 in HGC27 cells. Conclusion PAQR3 was significantly down‐regulated in GCA tissues, HGC27, and SGC7901 cells. PAQR3 significantly inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HGC27 cells. Mechanistically, PAQR3 can inhibit the EMT process in HGC27 cells by regulating TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Li Wu
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou China
- Department of anaesthesiology Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou China
| | - Lian‐Lian Hong
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou China
| | - Zhe‐Nan Ling
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Xuan‐Yu Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhengzhou China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhengzhou China
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou China
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9
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Spano D, Colanzi A. Golgi Complex: A Signaling Hub in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:1990. [PMID: 35805075 PMCID: PMC9265605 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi Complex is the central hub in the endomembrane system and serves not only as a biosynthetic and processing center but also as a trafficking and sorting station for glycoproteins and lipids. In addition, it is an active signaling hub involved in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, including cell polarity, motility, growth, autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, DNA repair and stress responses. As such, the dysregulation of the Golgi Complex-centered signaling cascades contributes to the onset of several pathological conditions, including cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the signaling pathways regulated by the Golgi Complex and implicated in promoting cancer hallmarks and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Spano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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10
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Xiao H, Sun X, Lin Z, Yang Y, Zhang M, Xu Z, Liu P, Liu Z, Huang H. Gentiopicroside targets PAQR3 to activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and ameliorate disordered glucose and lipid metabolism. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2887-2904. [PMID: 35755276 PMCID: PMC9214054 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The obstruction of post-insulin receptor signaling is the main mechanism of insulin-resistant diabetes. Progestin and adipoQ receptor 3 (PAQR3), a key regulator of inflammation and metabolism, can negatively regulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Here, we report that gentiopicroside (GPS), the main bioactive secoiridoid glycoside of Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa, decreased lipid synthesis and increased glucose utilization in palmitic acid (PA) treated HepG2 cells. Additionally, GPS improved glycolipid metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ) treated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice. Our findings revealed that GPS promoted the activation of the PI3K/AKT axis by facilitating DNA-binding protein 2 (DDB2)-mediated PAQR3 ubiquitinated degradation. Moreover, results of surface plasmon resonance (SPR), microscale thermophoresis (MST) and thermal shift assay (TSA) indicated that GPS directly binds to PAQR3. Results of molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) revealed that GPS directly bound to the amino acids of the PAQR3 NH2-terminus including Leu40, Asp42, Glu69, Tyr125 and Ser129, and spatially inhibited the interaction between PAQR3 and the PI3K catalytic subunit (P110α) to restore the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In summary, our study identified GPS, which inhibits PAQR3 expression and directly targets PAQR3 to restore insulin signaling pathway, as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Xiao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zeyuan Lin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhanchi Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding authors.
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11
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Jamadagni P, Breuer M, Schmeisser K, Cardinal T, Kassa B, Parker JA, Pilon N, Samarut E, Patten SA. Chromatin remodeller CHD7 is required for GABAergic neuron development by promoting PAQR3 expression. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50958. [PMID: 33900016 PMCID: PMC8183419 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the chromatin remodeller‐coding gene CHD7 cause CHARGE syndrome (CS). CS features include moderate to severe neurological and behavioural problems, clinically characterized by intellectual disability, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. To investigate the poorly characterized neurobiological role of CHD7, we here generate a zebrafish chd7−/− model. chd7−/− mutants have less GABAergic neurons and exhibit a hyperactivity behavioural phenotype. The GABAergic neuron defect is at least in part due to downregulation of the CHD7 direct target gene paqr3b, and subsequent upregulation of MAPK/ERK signalling, which is also dysregulated in CHD7 mutant human cells. Through a phenotype‐based screen in chd7−/− zebrafish and Caenorhabditis elegans, we show that the small molecule ephedrine restores normal levels of MAPK/ERK signalling and improves both GABAergic defects and behavioural anomalies. We conclude that chd7 promotes paqr3b expression and that this is required for normal GABAergic network development. This work provides insight into the neuropathogenesis associated with CHD7 deficiency and identifies a promising compound for further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximilian Breuer
- INRS- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Kathrin Schmeisser
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tatiana Cardinal
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Betelhem Kassa
- INRS- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - J Alex Parker
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Modelis inc., Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Samarut
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Modelis inc., Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Shunmoogum A Patten
- INRS- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
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12
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HIV-1 Nef-Induced Secretion of the Proinflammatory Protease TACE into Extracellular Vesicles Is Mediated by Raf-1 and Can Be Suppressed by Clinical Protein Kinase Inhibitors. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00180-21. [PMID: 33597213 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00180-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic immune activation is an important driver of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis and has been associated with the presence of tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) circulating in infected individuals. We have recently shown that activation of the Src-family tyrosine kinase hematopoietic cell kinase (Hck) by HIV-1 Nef can trigger the packaging of TACE into EVs via an unconventional protein secretion pathway. Using a panel of HIV-1 Nef mutants and natural HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef alleles, we now show that the capacity to promote TACE secretion depends on the superior ability of HIV-1-like Nef alleles to induce Hck kinase activity, whereas other Nef effector functions are dispensable. Strikingly, among the numerous Src-family downstream effectors, serine/threonine kinase Raf-1 was found to be necessary and alone sufficient to trigger the secretion of TACE into EVs. These data reveal the involvement of Raf-1 in regulation of unconventional protein secretion and highlight the importance of Raf-1 as a cellular effector of Nef, thereby suggesting a novel rationale for testing pharmacological inhibitors of the Raf-MAPK pathway to treat HIV-associated immune activation.IMPORTANCE Chronic immune activation contributes to the immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and is associated with poor recovery of the immune system despite potent antiretroviral therapy, which is observed in 10% to 40% drug-treated patients depending on the definition of immune reconstitution. We have previously shown that the HIV pathogenicity factor Nef can promote loading of the proinflammatory protease TACE into extracellular vesicles (EVs), and the levels of such TACE-containing EVs circulating in the blood correlate with low CD4 lymphocyte counts in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Here, we show that Nef promotes uploading of TACE into EVs by triggering unconventional secretion via activation of the Hck/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. We find that several pharmaceutical inhibitors of these kinases that are currently in clinical use for other diseases can potently suppress this pathogenic deregulation and could thus provide a novel strategy for treating HIV-associated immune activation.
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13
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Huang M, Lin Y, Wang L, You X, Wang S, Zhao J, Bai M, Li Z, Chen Y. Adipose tissue lipolysis is regulated by PAQR11 via altering protein stability of phosphodiesterase 4D. Mol Metab 2021; 47:101182. [PMID: 33549845 PMCID: PMC7906896 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat storage and mobilization in adipose tissue play a central role in energy metabolism and are directly linked to the development of obesity. Upon starvation, fat is mobilized from adipose tissue by lipolysis, a process by which triglycerides are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids to be used as an energy source in skeletal muscles and other tissues. However, how lipolysis is activated by starvation is not fully known. In this study, we demonstrate that PAQR11, a member of the progesterone and AdipoQ receptor family, regulates starvation-mediated lipolysis. Paqr11-deleted mice are resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity. Paqr11 deletion promotes lipolysis in white adipose tissue, characterized by increased phosphorylations of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and perilipin 1 (PLIN1) and elevated serum levels of glycerol and free fatty acids. PKA activity and cAMP levels in white adipose tissue are also increased by Paqr11 deletion, accompanied by accelerated protein degradation of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D). Mechanistically, PAQR11 decreases the interaction of PDE4D with SKP1-CUL1-FBXO2 E3 ligase complex, thus modulating the polyubiquitination/degradation of PDE4D. Fasting decreases the expression of the Paqr11 gene, and starvation-induced lipolysis in white adipose tissue is enhanced by Paqr11 deletion, while insulin-mediated suppression of lipolysis is not affected. Collectively, these results reveal that PAQR11 regulates lipolysis of adipose tissue and affects high-fat diet-induced obesity. Paqr11 deletion promotes lipolysis in epididymal white adipose tissue. PAQR11 modulates cAMP level by altering protein degradation of PDE4D. PAQR11 affects the interaction of PDE4D with SKP1-CUL1-FBXO2 E3 ligase complex. PAQR11 regulates starvation-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yijun Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lin Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shangdong, 266032, China
| | - Xue You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Meijuan Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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14
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Cao Q, You X, Xu L, Wang L, Chen Y. PAQR3 suppresses the growth of non-small cell lung cancer cells via modulation of EGFR-mediated autophagy. Autophagy 2020; 16:1236-1247. [PMID: 31448672 PMCID: PMC7469495 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1659654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular process that recycles and degrades intracellular components to sustain homeostasis in response to deficiency of nutrients or growth factors. PAQR3 is a newly discovered tumor suppressor that also regulates autophagy induced by nutrient starvation via AMPK and MTORC1 signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated whether PAQR3 modulates EGFR-mediated autophagy and whether such regulation is associated with the tumor suppressive activity of PAQR3. PAQR3 is able to inhibit the in vitro and in vivo growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. PAQR3 potentiates autophagy induced by EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. Knockdown of PAQR3 abrogates erlotinib-mediated reduction of BECN1 interaction with autophagy inhibitory proteins RUBCN/Rubicon and BCL2. PAQR3 blocks the interaction of BECN1 with the activated form of EGFR and inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of BECN1. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy by knocking down ATG7 abrogates the tumor suppressive activity of PAQR3 in NSCLC cells. Collectively, these data indicate that PAQR3 suppresses tumor progression of NSCLC cells through modulating EGFR-regulated autophagy. ABBREVIATIONS AKT: thymoma viral proto-oncogene; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG14: autophagy related 14; BCL2: B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2; BECN1: beclin 1; CCK-8: cell counting kit-8; CQ: chloroquine diphosphate; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; EdU: 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; FBS: fetal bovine serum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IgG: Immunoglobulin G; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; MTT: thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide; NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer; MAP2K/MEK: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; MAPK/ERK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; PAQR3: progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 3; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PIK3R4/VPS15: phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 4; PRKAA/AMPK: protein kinase, AMP-activated alpha catalytic; RUBCN: rubicon autophagy regulator; RPS6: ribosomal protein S6; RAS: Ras proto-oncogene; RAF: Raf proto-oncogene; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor; TUBA4A: tubulin alpha 4a; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijiao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Peng W, Mo X, Li L, Lu T, Hu Z. PAQR3 protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced injury through the ERK signaling pathway in N2A cells. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:307-315. [PMID: 32448978 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is pivotal in the development of multiple-subcellular organelle and tissue injury after acute ischemic stroke. Recently, the Golgi apparatus (GA) has been shown to be a key subcellular organelle that plays an important role in neuroprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury. PAQR3, a scaffold protein exclusively localized in the GA, was originally discovered as a potential tumor suppressor protein. PAQR3 acts as a spatial regulator of Raf-1 that binds Raf-1 and sequesters it to the GA, where it negatively modulates the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in tumor models. Studies suggest that suppression of the ERK pathway can alleviate OGD/R-induced cell apoptosis. However, whether PAQR3 has potential effects on ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanism(s) remain unexplored. The current study is the first to show that PAQR3 was significantly downregulated in mouse neuroblastoma (N2A) cells upon OGD/R exposure, both at the mRNA and protein levels. Compared to that in controls, the mRNA level of PAQR3 began to decline at 0 h (0 h) after reperfusion, while the protein level began to decline at 4 h. Furthermore, overexpression of PAQR3 reduced OGD/R-induced apoptosis. The mRNA and protein levels of total ERK1 and ERK2 were unaltered, while activated p-ERK1 and p-ERK2 were decreased in N2A cells transfected with a PAQR3 expression vector after OGD for 4 h plus 24 h of reperfusion. Collectively, these data indicated that increased PAQR3 expression protected against OGD/R-induced apoptosis possibly by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway. Therefore, PAQR3 might be a new attractive target in the treatment of OGD/R insult, and the underlying mechanism will pave the way for its potential experimental and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoye Mo
- Department of Emergency, First Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Colleges of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Tonglin Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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16
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Lei L, Ling ZN, Chen XL, Hong LL, Ling ZQ. Characterization of the Golgi scaffold protein PAQR3, and its role in tumor suppression and metabolic pathway compartmentalization. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:353-362. [PMID: 32021448 PMCID: PMC6970510 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s210919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is critical in the compartmentalization of signaling cascades originating from the cytoplasmic membrane and various organelles. Scaffold proteins, such as progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR)3, specifically regulate this process, and have recently been identified in the Golgi apparatus. PAQR3 belongs to the PAQR family, and was recently described as a tumor suppressor. Accumulating evidence demonstrates PAQR3 is downregulated in different cancers to suppress its inhibitory effects on malignant potential. PAQR3 functions biologically through the pathological regulation of altered signaling pathways. Significant cell proliferation networks, including Ras proto-oncogene (Ras)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), insulin, and vascular endothelial growth factor, are closely controlled by PAQR3 for physiologically relevant effects. Meanwhile, genetic/epigenetic susceptibility and environmental factors, may have functions in the downregulation of PAQR3 in human cancers. This study aimed to assess the subcellular localization of PAQR3 and determine its topological features and functional domains, summarizing its effects on cell signaling compartmentalization. The pathophysiological functions of PAQR3 in cancer pathogenesis, metabolic diseases, and developmental ailments were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lei
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Nan Ling
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Liu Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Lian Hong
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ling
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
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17
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Associations of the BRAF V600E Mutation and PAQR3 Protein Expression with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Clinicopathological Features. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1833-1841. [PMID: 31758408 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The BRAFV600E mutation is the most prevalent genetic event in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, no study has investigated the expression of PAQR3 in papillary thyroid tissues in relation to the BRAFV600E mutation and the clinicopathological features of PTC patients. Furthermore, the potential associations of the BRAFV600E mutation, PAQR3 expression and clinicopathological parameters in the cancerous tissues of PTC patients have not been investigated. This study was conducted on 60 patients with PTC who were treated surgically at our institution from 2017 to 2018. PCR was used to amplify DNA by the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) method to detect BRAFV600E gene mutations. In addition, immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to assess PAQR3 expression in tumor tissue sections. The BRAFV600E mutation was associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM, p < 0.05) but not with other clinicopathological features. Low PAQR3 expression was associated with extrathyroidal extension and LNM (χ2 = 7.143, p = 0.009; χ2 = 6.459, p = 0.014, respectively). Furthermore, a statistically significant association was observed between chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and LNM (χ2 = 5.275, p = 0.0250). A linear relationship between the BRAFV600E mutation and PAQR3 protein expression has not been identified. These factors may be independent risk factors of extrathyroidal extension and LNM in PTC and be used to indicate the invasiveness of PTC tumors. Higher quality, multivariate analyses based on larger samples from around the world are urgently needed to further validate and revise our findings in the future.
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18
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Wei S, Zhao J, Bai M, Li C, Zhang L, Chen Y. Comparison of glycemic improvement between intermittent calorie restriction and continuous calorie restriction in diabetic mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:60. [PMID: 31485253 PMCID: PMC6714240 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calorie restriction (CR) has been well proved to be a powerful tool to improve metabolic health associated with aging; and many types of CR have been proposed. Intermittent CR has become a trend in recent years due to its better compliance than continuous CR every day. However, there are few studies that directly compare the interventional activity of intermittent CR vs continuous CR in metabolic disorders such as diabetes. Methods In this study, we analyzed two protocols of intermittent CR with the calorie-matched continuous CR in two diabetic mouse models including db/db and streptozotocin-treated mice. Intermittent CR was carried out by a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD, with 30% calorie intake of the control per day) for 2 days or 5 days (i.e., 2–5 or 5–9 regimes followed by free eating for 5 or 9 days respectively). Results In the two diabetic mouse models, both intermittent CR and continuous CR significantly reduced fasting blood glucose level and improved insulin sensitivity. However, intermittent CR performed significantly better than continuous CR in improving glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in db/db mice. In addition, intermittent CR improved the glucose homeostasis of the db/db mice without causing loss of body weight. Analyses with the pancreatic islets reveal that intermittent CR profoundly elevated the number of insulin-positive cells in both diabetic mouse models. Conclusions Our study indicated that both intermittent CR and continuous CR can lower fasting blood glucose level in the diabetic mice, while intermittent CR is better than the latter in improving glucose homeostasis in db/db mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-019-0388-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Wei
- 1CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- 1CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Meijuan Bai
- 1CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Chenchen Li
- 1CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031 China.,2School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- 1CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yan Chen
- 1CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031 China.,2School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200031 China
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Huang M, Zhao Z, Cao Q, You X, Wei S, Zhao J, Bai M, Chen Y. PAQR3 modulates blood cholesterol level by facilitating interaction between LDLR and PCSK9. Metabolism 2019; 94:88-95. [PMID: 30831144 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the hallmark of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR) plays an important role in clearance of circulating LDL-C. PCSK9 facilitates degradation of LDLR in the lysosome and antagonizing PCSK9 has been successfully used in the clinic to reduce blood LDL-C level. Here we identify a new player that modulates LDLR interaction with PCSK9, thus controlling LDLR degradation and cholesterol homeostasis. METHODS The blood LDL-C and cholesterol levels were analyzed in mice with hepatic deletion of Paqr3 gene. The half-life of LDLR was analyzed in HepG2 cells. The interaction of PAQR3 with LDLR and PCSK9 was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS The blood LDL-C and total cholesterol levels in the mice with hepatic deletion of Paqr3 gene were significantly lower than the control mice after feeding with high-fat diet (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 respectively). The steady-state level of LDLR protein is elevated by Paqr3 knockdown/deletion and reduced by PAQR3 overexpression. The half-life of LDLR protein is increased by Paqr3 knockdown and accelerated by PAQR3 overexpression. PAQR3 interacts with the β-sheet domain of LDLR and the P-domain of PCSK9 respectively. In addition, PAQR3 can be localized in early endosomes and colocalized with LDLR, PCSK9 and LDL. Mechanistically, PAQR3 enhances the interaction between LDLR and PCSK9. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that PAQR3 plays a pivotal role in controlling hepatic LDLR degradation and blood LDL-C level via modulating LDLR-PCSK9 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qianqian Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xue You
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Siying Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Meijuan Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Abstract
The role of the Golgi apparatus in carcinogenesis still remains unclear. A number of structural and functional cis-, medial-, and trans-Golgi proteins as well as a complexity of metabolic pathways which they mediate may indicate a central role of the Golgi apparatus in the development and progression of cancer. Pleiotropy of cellular function of the Golgi apparatus makes it a "metabolic heart" or a relay station of a cell, which combines multiple signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. Therefore, any damage to or structural abnormality of the Golgi apparatus, causing its fragmentation and/or biochemical dysregulation, results in an up- or downregulation of signaling pathways and may in turn promote tumor progression, as well as local nodal and distant metastases. Three alternative or parallel models of spatial and functional Golgi organization within tumor cells were proposed: (1) compacted Golgi structure, (2) normal Golgi structure with its increased activity, and (3) the Golgi fragmentation with ministacks formation. Regardless of the assumed model, the increased activity of oncogenesis initiators and promoters with inhibition of suppressor proteins results in an increased cell motility and migration, increased angiogenesis, significantly activated trafficking kinetics, proliferation, EMT induction, decreased susceptibility to apoptosis-inducing factors, and modulating immune response to tumor cell antigens. Eventually, this will lead to the increased metastatic potential of cancer cells and an increased risk of lymph node and distant metastases. This chapter provided an overview of the current state of knowledge of selected Golgi proteins, their role in cytophysiology as well as potential involvement in tumorigenesis.
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Hey F, Andreadi C, Noble C, Patel B, Jin H, Kamata T, Straatman K, Luo J, Balmanno K, Jones DT, Collins VP, Cook SJ, Caunt CJ, Pritchard C. Over-expressed, N-terminally truncated BRAF is detected in the nucleus of cells with nuclear phosphorylated MEK and ERK. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01065. [PMID: 30603699 PMCID: PMC6304467 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF is a cytoplasmic protein kinase, which activates the MEK-ERK signalling pathway. Deregulation of the pathway is associated with the presence of BRAF mutations in human cancer, the most common being V600E BRAF, although structural rearrangements, which remove N-terminal regulatory sequences, have also been reported. RAF-MEK-ERK signalling is normally thought to occur in the cytoplasm of the cell. However, in an investigation of BRAF localisation using fluorescence microscopy combined with subcellular fractionation of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-tagged proteins expressed in NIH3T3 cells, surprisingly, we detected N-terminally truncated BRAF (ΔBRAF) in both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. In contrast, ΔCRAF and full-length, wild-type BRAF (WTBRAF) were detected at lower levels in the nucleus while full-length V600EBRAF was virtually excluded from this compartment. Similar results were obtained using ΔBRAF tagged with the hormone-binding domain of the oestrogen receptor (hbER) and with the KIAA1549-ΔBRAF translocation mutant found in human pilocytic astrocytomas. Here we show that GFP-ΔBRAF nuclear translocation does not involve a canonical Nuclear Localisation Signal (NLS), but is suppressed by N-terminal sequences. Nuclear GFP-ΔBRAF retains MEK/ERK activating potential and is associated with the accumulation of phosphorylated MEK and ERK in the nucleus. In contrast, full-length GFP-WTBRAF and GFP-V600EBRAF are associated with the accumulation of phosphorylated ERK but not phosphorylated MEK in the nucleus. These data have implications for cancers bearing single nucleotide variants or N-terminal deleted structural variants of BRAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Hey
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Catherine Andreadi
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Catherine Noble
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Bipin Patel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Tamihiro Kamata
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Kees Straatman
- Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Jinli Luo
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Kathryn Balmanno
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - David T.W. Jones
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Histopathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - V. Peter Collins
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Histopathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Simon J. Cook
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Christopher J. Caunt
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Catrin Pritchard
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
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PAQR3 Regulates Endoplasmic Reticulum-to-Golgi Trafficking of COPII Vesicle via Interaction with Sec13/Sec31 Coat Proteins. iScience 2018; 9:382-398. [PMID: 30466064 PMCID: PMC6249397 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi anterograde transport is driven by COPII vesicles mainly composed of a Sec23/Sec24 inner shell and a Sec13/Sec31 outer cage. How COPII vesicles are tethered to the Golgi is not completely understood. We demonstrated here that PAQR3 can facilitate tethering of COPII vesicles to the Golgi. Proximity labeling using PAQR3 fused with APEX2 identified that many proteins involved in intracellular transport are in close proximity to PAQR3. ER-to-Golgi trafficking of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-2 on removal of brefeldin A is delayed by PAQR3 deletion. RUSH assay also revealed that ER-to-Golgi trafficking is affected by PAQR3. The N-terminal end of PAQR3 can interact with the WD domains of Sec13 and Sec31A. PAQR3 enhances Golgi localization of Sec13 and Sec31A. Furthermore, PAQR3 is localized in the ERGIC and cis-Golgi structures, the acceptor sites for COPII vesicles. Taken together, our study uncovers a role for PAQR3 as a player in regulating ER-to-Golgi transport of COPII vesicles.
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Li X, Li M, Chen D, Shi G, Zhao H. PAQR3 inhibits proliferation via suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:1289-1297. [PMID: 30393483 PMCID: PMC6209724 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.72220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. PAQR (progestin and adipoQ receptor family) 3, a Golgi-anchored membrane protein, has been demonstrated to act as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers. However, the expression and role of PAQR3 have never been explored in NSCLC. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and role of PAQR3 in NSCLC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Expression of PAQR3 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS The expression of PAQR3 was downregulated in NSCLC tissue samples and cell lines at both mRNA and protein levels (p < 0.05). Overexpression of PAQR3 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and promoted cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in NSCLC cell lines (p < 0.05). In contrast, knockdown of PAQR3 showed a reverse effect on NSCLC cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, PAQR3 may exert its tumor suppressive roles via suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that PAQR3 is a tumor suppressor in the development of NSCLC and may serve as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengfei Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Gongning Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Zhao Z, Xu D, Wang Z, Wang L, Han R, Wang Z, Liao L, Chen Y. Hepatic PPARα function is controlled by polyubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation through the coordinated actions of PAQR3 and HUWE1. Hepatology 2018; 68:289-303. [PMID: 29331071 PMCID: PMC6055728 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a key transcriptional factor that regulates hepatic lipid catabolism by stimulating fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis in an adaptive response to nutrient starvation. However, how PPARα is regulated by posttranslational modification is poorly understood. In this study, we identified that progestin and adipoQ receptor 3 (PAQR3) promotes PPARα ubiquitination through the E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1, thereby negatively modulating PPARα functions both in vitro and in vivo. Adenovirus-mediated Paqr3 knockdown and liver-specific deletion of the Paqr3 gene reduced hepatic triglyceride levels while increasing fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis upon fasting. PAQR3 deficiency enhanced the fasting-induced expression of PPARα target genes, including those involved in fatty acid oxidation and fibroblast growth factor 21, a key molecule that mediates the metabolism-modulating effects of PPARα. PAQR3 directly interacted with PPARα and increased the polyubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of PPARα. Furthermore, the E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 was identified to mediate PPARα polyubiquitination. Additionally, PAQR3 enhanced the interaction between HUWE1 and PPARα. CONCLUSION Ubiquitination modification through the coordinated action of PAQR3 with HUWE1 plays a crucial role in regulating the activity of PPARα in response to starvation. (Hepatology 2018;68:289-303).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Daqian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Zheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Ruomei Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Lujian Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
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Bai G, Yang M, Zheng C, Zhang L, Eli M. Suppressor PAQR3 associated with the clinical significance and prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5703-5711. [PMID: 29552204 PMCID: PMC5840698 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 3 (PAQR3) is a novel tumor suppressor; however, its function in esophageal cancer is not well understood. The present study explored the association between PAQR3, and the survival and clinical phenotype in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The expression of PAQR3 in 80 cases of ESCC and its corresponding adjacent tissues was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that PAQR3 expression in cancer tissues was significantly lower compared with that in adjacent tissues. Clinicopathological analysis indicated that PAQR3 expression was significantly correlated with ethnicity (P=0.032), tumor length (P=0.019), lymph node metastasis (P=0.011) and local recurrence (P=0.009). Notably, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated that a decrease in PAQR3 expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with ESCC. Multivariate analysis indicated that PAQR3 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for patients with ESCC. PAQR3 may serve an important role in the progress of ESCC and become a potential candidate for ESCC targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Bai
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Mei Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- VIP Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Mayinur Eli
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
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Zhang H, Han R, Ling ZQ, Zhang F, Hou Y, You X, Huang M, Zhao Z, Wang Z, Chen Y. PAQR4 has a tumorigenic effect in human breast cancers in association with reduced CDK4 degradation. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:439-446. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China
| | - Ruomei Han
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, China
| | - Fuyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China
| | - Yongfan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xue You
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China
| | - Meiqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China
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Shao N, Ma G, Zhang J, Zhu W. miR-221-5p enhances cell proliferation and metastasis through post-transcriptional regulation of SOCS1 in human prostate cancer. BMC Urol 2018; 18:14. [PMID: 29506516 PMCID: PMC5836432 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-018-0325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of miR-221-5p on cell proliferaton and metastasis of human prostate cancer in vitro and vivo. METHODS We established PC3 cell lines with stable overexpression or silencing of miRNA-221-5p via lentivirus infection. miRNA-221-5p and its target gene SOCS1 expression levels in the stable cells were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. Using luciferase reporter assays to study the relationship between miR-221-5p and SOCS1. Cell proliferative activity was measured using the MTT assay and colony formation assay. Migration ability was assessed using wound-healing assay and transwell assay. To further study the function of miR-221-5p in human prostate cancer we established nude mice xenograft model in vivo. RESULTS miR-221-5p regulates the proliferation, migration of prostate cancer cells in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo by regulating socs1 expression through targeted its 3'UTR, and miR-221-5p regulates MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and EMT features in prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation and silencing of miR-221-5p expression in prostate cancer cells are correlated with cell proliferation, migration and tumorigenesis, which suggest that miR-221-5p plays an important role in prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shao
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Gui Ma
- Department of Urology, Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Zou Y, Chen Z, Li J, Gong W, Zhang L, Xu F, Chen L, Liu P, Huang H. Progestin and AdipoQ Receptor 3 Upregulates Fibronectin and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Glomerular Mesangial Cells via Activating NF-κB Signaling Pathway Under High Glucose Conditions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:275. [PMID: 29930535 PMCID: PMC5999916 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progestin and adipoQ receptor 3 (PAQR3), is a Golgi-anchored membrane protein containing seven transmembrane helices. It has been demonstrated that PAQR3 mediates insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation. In addition, kidney inflammatory fibrosis is an important pathological feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of PAQR3 in diabetic kidney fibrosis as well as inflammation in DN. OBJECT The effect of PAQR3 on NF-κB signaling pathway, expressions of fibronectin (FN) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) cultured by high glucose (HG) were examined. METHOD Diabetic mouse and rat models were induced by streptozotocin (STZ). GMCs were treated with HG and transfected with PAQR3 plasmids or small-interfering RNA targeting PAQR3 or NF-κB. The protein levels of FN and ICAM-1 were examined by Western blotting, and the transcriptional activity and DNA binding activity of NF-κB were measured by dual luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The interaction between PAQR3 and IKKβ (inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase β) was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS PAQR3 was increased in both STZ-induced diabetic models and HG-treated GMCs. PAQR3 overexpression further increased HG-induced FN and ICAM-1 upregulation. In contrast, silencing of PAQR3 suppressed the expressions of FN and ICAM-1. PAQR3 overexpression promoted the nuclear accumulation, DNA binding activity, and transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Mechanically, PAQR3 directly interacted with IKKβ. The upregulation effect of PAQR3 overexpression on the expressions of FN and ICAM-1 was abolished by the treatment of NF-κB siRNA or PDTC (ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate) in HG-treated GMCs. CONCLUSION PAQR3 promotes the expressions of FN and ICAM-1 via activating NF-κB signaling pathway. Mechanistically, PAQR3 activates NF-κB signaling pathway to mediate kidney inflammatory fibrosis through direct interaction with IKKβ in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezi Zou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Gong
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Futian Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihao Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Heqing Huang,
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Lounglaithong K, Bychkov A, Sampatanukul P. Aberrant promoter methylation of the PAQR3 gene is associated with prostate cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 214:126-129. [PMID: 29122400 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Methylation markers are promising tools for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted treatment of cancer. In prostate carcinoma, aberrant promoter hypermethylation occurs earlier in the disease course and more consistently than recurrent somatic mutations. PAQR3, a tumor suppressor gene, was recently found to be downregulated in prostate cancer cell lines. We hypothesized that promoter methylation could be responsible for PAQR3 silencing in prostate cancer tissues. We aimed to investigate PAQR3 promoter methylation in prostate cancer by comparing it to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A total of 154 human prostate tissue samples, including 92 cases with prostate cancer and 62 cases with BPH, were examined by methylation-specific PCR. Clinicopathological correlation between PAQR3 promoter methylation and prognostically relevant variables was studied by statistical analysis. Promoter methylation of PAQR3 was significantly more frequent in prostate carcinoma compared to BPH (73.9% vs. 25.8%, p<0.01). The high prevalence of PAQR3 methylation in cancer foci was also confirmed with microdissection technique in 12 samples of prostate adenocarcinoma. PAQR3 hypermethylation was associated with perineural invasion (p=0.03), an adverse clinicopathological feature of prostate cancer. We concluded that PAQR3 can be a promising methylation marker candidate for the detection and monitoring of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowit Lounglaithong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Andrey Bychkov
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Pichet Sampatanukul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Wang L, Zhang R, You X, Zhang H, Wei S, Cheng T, Cao Q, Wang Z, Chen Y. The steady-state level of CDK4 protein is regulated by antagonistic actions between PAQR4 and SKP2 and involved in tumorigenesis. J Mol Cell Biol 2017; 9:409-421. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Core Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue You
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siying Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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Huang W, Guo W, You X, Pan Y, Dong Z, Jia G, Yang C, Chen Y. PAQR3 suppresses the proliferation, migration and tumorigenicity of human prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53948-53958. [PMID: 28903314 PMCID: PMC5589553 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a newly discovered tumor suppressor, the potential function of PAQR3 in human prostate cancer has not been demonstrated. In this study, we report that PAQR3 is able to inhibit the growth and migration of human prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of PAQR3 inhibits the proliferation of PC3 and DU145 cells by both MTT and colony formation assays. Consistently, knockdown of PAQR3 enhances the proliferation of these cells. In wound-healing and transwell assays, overexpression of PAQR3 reduces the migration of PC3 and DU145 cells, while PAQR3 knockdown increases it. In a tumor xenograft model, overexpression of PAQR3 suppresses tumor growth of PC3 cells in vivo, while PAQR3 knockdown promotes the tumor growth. PAQR3 is also able to inhibit serum-induced phosphorylation of AKT and ERK in both PC3 and DU145 cells. In addition, PAQR3 suppresses the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in PC3 cells. Collectively, these data indicate that PAQR3 has a tumor suppressive activity in human prostate cancer cells and may stand out as a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xue You
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhenyang Dong
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Gaozhen Jia
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chenghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Joint Center for Translational Research of Chronic Diseases, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 2000433, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
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Bai G, Chu J, Eli M, Bao Y, Wen H. PAQR3 overexpression suppresses the aggressive phenotype of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells via inhibition of ERK signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:813-819. [PMID: 28802234 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 3 (PAQR3) has exhibited anticancer activity in multiple malignancies. However, its expression and function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still elusive. In this work, we examined the expression of PAQR3 in 40 surgically resected ESCC specimens and their adjacent normal tissues. The expression of PAQR3 in ESCC cell lines was measured after treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR). The effects of overexpression of PAQR3 on cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and tumorigenesis were investigated. It was found that the PAQR3 mRNA level was significantly lower in ESCC than that in adjacent normal tissues (P=0.0318). Low PAQR3 expression was significantly associated with more advanced TNM stage (P=0.0093) and absent lymph node involvement (P=0.0324). Compared to normal esophageal epithelial cells, ESCC cells had significantly lower levels of PAQR3. 5-Aza-CdR treatment led to an induction of PAQR3 in ESCC cells. Enforced expression of PAQR3 significantly inhibited ESCC cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion. Moreover, PAQR3 overexpression blocked cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase, which was associated with induction of p27 and p21 and reduction of cyclin D1, CDK4, and CDK2. Mechanistically, overexpression of PAQR3 suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in ESCC cells. In vivo tumorigenic studies confirmed that PAQR3 overexpression retarded the growth of ECA-109 xenograft tumors and inhibited the activation of ERK signaling. Taken together, PAQR3 is epigenetically silenced in ESCC and restoration of PAQR3 suppresses the aggressive phenotype of ESCC cells. Therefore, PAQR3 may represent a potential target for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Bai
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianhu Chu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mayinur Eli
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yongxing Bao
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
| | - Hao Wen
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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You X, Guo W, Wang L, Hou Y, Zhang H, Pan Y, Han R, Huang M, Liao L, Chen Y. Subcellular distribution of RAD23B controls XPC degradation and DNA damage repair in response to chemotherapy drugs. Cell Signal 2017; 36:108-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Guo W, You X, Wang X, Wang L, Chen Y. A synthetic peptide hijacks the catalytic subunit of class I PI3K to suppress the growth of cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2017; 405:1-9. [PMID: 28743532 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Activation of class I Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) by mutation or overexpression closely correlates with the development of various human cancers. Class I PI3Ks are heterodimers composed of p110 catalytic subunits and regulatory subunits represented by p85. PAQR3 has been found to inhibit p110α activity by blocking its interaction with p85. In this study, we identified the N-terminal 6-55 amino acid residues of PAQR3 being sufficient for its interaction with p110α. A synthetic peptide, P6-55, that contains the N-terminus of PAQR3 could disrupt the interactions of p110α with both PAQR3 and p85. The activity of PI3K was also inhibited by P6-55, accompanied by significant inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. In a xenograft mouse model, P6-55 was able to reduce tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, P6-55 was capable of inhibiting the elevated basal PI3K activity of H1047R, a hotspot mutation found in many types of human cancers. The cell proliferation and migration of cancer cells bearing H1047R mutation were also reduced by P6-55. In conclusion, our study provides a proof of concept that blocking the interaction of p110α with p85 by a peptide can serve as a new strategy to inhibit the oncogenic activity of PI3K in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xue You
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Abstract
Progestin and adipoQ receptor family member III (PAQR3), a member of the PAQR family, is frequently downregulated in different types of human cancer. However, its expression and functions in esophageal cancer are still unknown. This study aimed to explore the expression of PAQR3 in esophageal cancer cell lines and to investigate the role of PAQR3 in the development of esophageal cancer. Our data showed that PAQR3 is expressed in low amounts in human esophageal cancer cell lines. Overexpression of PAQR3 significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of esophageal cancer cells. In addition, overexpression of PAQR3 downregulated the protein expression levels of RAF1, p-MEK1, and p-ERK1/2 in esophageal cancer cells. Furthermore, overexpression of PAQR3 attenuated the tumor growth in a tumor xenograft model. In conclusion, we demonstrated that overexpression of PAQR3 suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in esophageal cancer in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, PAQR3 may act as a therapeutic target for human esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- *Department of Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
| | - Shunchang Wang
- †Department of Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- *Department of Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
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Xu Y, Deng N, Wang X, Chen Y, Li G, Fan H. RKTG overexpression inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human leukemia cells via suppression of the ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:965-970. [PMID: 28693259 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Raf kinase trapping to Golgi (RKTG) is reported to be a tumor suppressor in a number of solid tumors due to its negative modulation of the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. However, the role of RKTG in the progression of leukemia remains unknown. In the present study, a human leukemia U937 cell line overexpressing RKTG was established, and the effect of RKTG on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of human leukemia cells was analyzed. The results of the present study demonstrated that exogenous overexpression of RKTG significantly inhibited cell proliferation, which was accompanied by cell cycle arrest. Apoptosis assay and Hoechst staining demonstrated that the percentage of apoptotic cells in RKTG overexpressing cells was markedly increased. Furthermore, western blotting showed that RKTG overexpression significantly increased the level of cleaved caspase 3, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2)-associated X apoptosis regulator and reduced the level of Bcl-2. In addition, the activation of ERK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 signaling pathways in human leukemia cells was also suppressed by RKTG overexpression. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the tumor-suppressive effect of RKTG on human leukemia cells, which seem to be partially dependent on the suppression of ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling. Overexpression of RKTG may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Na Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoou Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Guiji Li
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Hua Fan
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
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PAQR3 augments amino acid deprivation-induced autophagy by inhibiting mTORC1 signaling. Cell Signal 2017; 33:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Liang X, Sun B, Han J, Zhao X, Liu Z. [Expression and Clinical Significance of Progesterone and Adiponectin Receptor Family Member 3 in Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2017; 20:259-263. [PMID: 28442015 PMCID: PMC5999676 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2017.04.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progesterone and adiponectin receptor family member 3 (PAQR3) is a recently discovered tumor suppressor gene, which affects the development of a tumor by inhibiting cell proliferation, cell malignant transformation, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. This study investigates the expression of PAQR3 in lung cancer and its clinical significance. METHODS A total of 106 patients with lung cancer received surgical treatment in hospital, and adjacent normal tissues of these patients were utilized as control group. The diagnosis of all patients was confirmed through clinical pathology. The expression of PAQR3 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in lung cancer and adjacent normal tissues. The clinical significance of its expression was also investigated. RESULTS The positive expression rate of PAQR3 protein in lung cancer was lower than that in adjacent normal tissues (P<0.01). The positive expression rate of PAQR3 protein was unrelated to age, tumor size, and gender, but it exhibited a significant relationship with the pathological type and differentiation, TNM staging, and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the five-year survival rate of patients with PAQR3 protein positive expression was higher than that in patients with negative expression (P=0.026). CONCLUSIONS The expression of PAQR3 protein significantly decreased in lung cancer, indicating that PAQR3 protein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PAQR3 in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jiyuan Han
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zenghui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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Li P, Liu X, Dong ZM, Ling ZQ. Epigenetic silencing of HIC1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and drives progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38151-65. [PMID: 26510908 PMCID: PMC4741990 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of the novel tumor suppressor gene HIC1 (hypermethylated in cancer 1) occurs frequently in various tumors where it causes tumor progression and metastasis. In this study, we investigated a role of HIC1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the underlying mechanisms. Downregulation of HIC1 occurred in approximately 70% of primary ESCCs at both mRNA and protein level where it was associated significantly with vascular invasion, advanced clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor disease free survival (DFS). The promoter methylation analyses suggested that loss of HIC1 expression was mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Functional studies established that ectopic re-expression of HIC1 in ESCC cells inhibited cell proliferation, clonogenicity, cell motility, tumor formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our results decipher the mechanism through which HIC1 deficiency induce ESCC cells to undergo EMT and promote tumor progression and metastasis through activation of EphA2 signaling pathway. Together, loss of the regulation of EphA2 pathway through HIC1 epigenetic silencing could be an important mechanism in the ESCC progression. We identify a novel pathway that linking HIC1 downregulation to EphA2-inducing EMT in ESCC cells and may shed light on the development of novel anti-tumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Zi-Ming Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310022, China
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Li RH, Zhang AM, Li S, Li TY, Wang LJ, Zhang HR, Shi JW, Liu XR, Chen Y, Chen YC, Wei TY, Gao Y, Li W, Tang HY, Tang MY. PAQR3 gene expression and its methylation level in colorectal cancer tissues. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1773-1778. [PMID: 27588124 PMCID: PMC4998131 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the PAQR3 gene expression and its methylation level in colorectal cancer tissues, as well as the association with colorectal cancer clinical data. In total, 54 cases of colorectal cancer tissue samples and normal adjacent tissue samples were collected between June, 2013 and July, 2014. RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of PAQR3 in colorectal samples, respectively. MSP was used to detect the methylation level of PAQR3 gene in colorectal samples, which was compared with colorectal data. The results showed that a decreased expression level of PAQR3 mRNA in colorectal cancer tissues and the expression reduction rate was 57.4% (31/54). Similarly, the expression level of PAQR3 protein was reduced in cancer tissues, and the reduction rate was 46.3% (25/54), while the protein expression reduction rate in cancer adjacent tissue was 5.6% (3/54), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, the methylation rates of PAQR3 in cancer tissues and cancer adjacent tissues were 33.3% (18/54) and 5.6% (3/54), respectively. In addition, PAQR3 mRNA and protein levels in colorectal cancer tissues were associated with the differentiation degree, lymphatic metastasis and tumor infiltration depth. The methylation level of PAQR3 was associated with age, differentiated degree, lymphatic metastasis and tumor infiltration depth. In conclusion, the expression of PAQR3 mRNA and protein in colorectal cancer was reduced and methylation of PAQR3 occurred. Although the PAQR3 mRNA and protein levels were not associated with gender, age or the location of tumor, there was an association with differentiation degree, lymphatic metastasis and tumor infiltration depth. In addition, the methylation level of PAQR3 was not correlated with gender or tumor location, but was correlated with age, differentiation degree, lymphatic metastasis and tumor infiltration depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Heng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Min Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Neimenggu Xinganleague People's Hospital, Wulanhaote, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 137400, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Yang Li
- Clinical Medical College of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Jing Wang
- Clinical Medical College of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Ran Zhang
- Clinical Medical College of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Rui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Chao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Teng-Yao Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Yu Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
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Zhang Y, Hou Y, Liu C, Li Y, Guo W, Wu JL, Xu D, You X, Pan Y, Chen Y. Identification of an adaptor protein that facilitates Nrf2-Keap1 complex formation and modulates antioxidant response. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:38-49. [PMID: 27212020 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2 plays a key role in the protection of the body against environmental stress via inducible expression of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes. Keap1 functions as a sensor for oxidative and electrophilic stresses and promotes Nrf2 degradation via its E3 ligase activity. Modulation of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway has been extensively explored as a strategy to combat against drug toxicity and stress-induced diseases. Here we report a new player that modulates the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. PAQR3, a membrane protein specifically localized in the Golgi apparatus, negatively regulates the expression of an array of Nrf2 target genes and alters cellular level of reactive oxygen species. PAQR3 tethers Nrf2 and Keap1, but not small MAF proteins to the Golgi apparatus. PAQR3 interacts with both Nrf2 and Keap1 and facilitates the interaction of Nrf2 with Keap1. PAQR3 promotes ubiquitination and degradation of Nrf2. Disruption of PAQR3 interaction with Nrf2 and Keap1 by a synthetic peptide reduces Nrf2 ubiquitination and elevates expression of Nrf2 target genes. At the animal level, deletion of PAQR3 increases Nrf2 protein level and the expression of Nrf2 target genes. In conclusion, our study pinpoints that PAQR3 functions as an adaptor protein to promote Nrf2-Keap1 complex formation, thereby modulating the Nrf2-Keap2 pathway and playing an important role in controlling antioxidant response of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yongfan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chunchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yinlong Li
- The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiu-Lin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Daqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xue You
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Chen J, Wang F, Xu J, He Z, Lu Y, Wang Z. The role of PAQR3 gene promoter hypermethylation in breast cancer and prognosis. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1612-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Xiao F, Deng J, Guo Y, Niu Y, Yuan F, Yu J, Chen S, Guo F. BTG1 ameliorates liver steatosis by decreasing stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) abundance and altering hepatic lipid metabolism. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra50. [PMID: 27188441 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad8581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver steatosis, a condition in which lipid accumulates in liver cells, is a leading cause of many liver diseases. The livers of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, a cancer characterized by liver steatosis, have decreased abundance of the transcription cofactor BTG1 (B cell translocation gene 1). We showed that the livers of db/db mice, which are a genetic model of obesity, had decreased BTG1 mRNA and protein abundance. BTG1 overexpression ameliorated liver steatosis in db/db mice, whereas knockdown of BTG1 induced liver steatosis in wild-type mice. Consistent with these changes, we found that BTG1 decreased triglyceride accumulation in cultured hepatocytes. BTG1 overexpression inhibited the expression of the gene encoding stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), an enzyme involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, by suppressing the activity of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Knockdown of SCD1 prevented liver steatosis in wild-type mice induced by knockdown of BTG1. Conversely, the ability of BTG1 overexpression to ameliorate liver steatosis in db/db mice was negated by ATF4 overexpression. Moreover, BTG1 transgenic mice were resistant to liver steatosis induced by a high-carbohydrate diet. BTG1 abundance was decreased by this diet through a pathway that involved mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Together, our study identifies a role of BTG1 in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and specifically in preventing ATF4 and SCD1 from inducing liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuguo Niu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Feixiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Junjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shanghai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Li Z, Ling ZQ, Guo W, Lu XX, Pan Y, Wang Z, Chen Y. PAQR3 expression is downregulated in human breast cancers and correlated with HER2 expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12357-68. [PMID: 25900239 PMCID: PMC4494943 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PAQR3 is a newly discovered tumor suppressor and its functional role in breast cancer has not been well characterized. We report here that PAQR3 is associated with the progression and survival of human patients with breast cancer, as well as cell proliferation and migration of human breast cancer cells. PAQR3 mRNA level was robustly downregulated in human breast cancer samples compared with their corresponding para-cancerous histological normal tissues (n = 82, P < 0.0001). The mRNA level of PAQR3 was negatively correlated with HER2 expression (P < 0.0001) and disease-free survival of the patients (P < 0.0001). PAQR3 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation and migration of breast cancer cells including MCF7, SKBR3, MDA-MD-231, MDA-MD-468 and MDA-MD-453 cells. Knockdown of PAQR3 in MDA-MD-231 cells elevated cell proliferation and migration. Inhibition of HER2 by trastuzumab increased PAQR3 expression in SKBR3 cells. In conclusion, PAQR3 expression is frequently downregulated in human breast cancers inversely correlated with HER2 expression. PAQR3 is able to modulate the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Our data indicate that PAQR3 functions as a tumor suppressor in the development of human breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghu Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Lu
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Guo W, You X, Xu D, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Man K, Wang Z, Chen Y. PAQR3 enhances Twist1 degradation to suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:397-407. [PMID: 26905590 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Twist1 is an essential transcription factor required to initiate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promote tumor metastasis. PAQR3 is a newly found tumor suppressor that is frequently downregulated in many types of human cancers. Downregulation of PAQR3 is associated with accelerated metastasis and poor prognosis of the patients with gastric cancers. In this study, we demonstrate that PAQR3 is actively involved in the degradation of Twist1 and whereby regulates EMT and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. PAQR3 overexpression reduces the protein level but not the mRNA level of Twist1. The protein stability and polyubiquitination of Twist1 are altered by PAQR3. PAQR3 forms a complex with Twist1 and BTRC, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. PAQR3 enhances the interaction between Twist1 and BTRC. Twist1 is mobilized from the nucleus to a proteasome-containing structure in the cytoplasm upon overexpression of PAQR3 and BTRC, which is required for PAQR3-induced degradation of Twist1. The Twist1 box domain of the Twist1 protein is required for the interaction of Twist1 with both PAQR3 and BTRC, indispensable for PAQR3-mediated degradation of Twist1. Both BTRC and Twist1 are required for the inhibitory effects of PAQR3 on migration and EMT phenotype of gastric cancers cells. Importantly, Twist1 is indispensable for the inhibitory effect of PAQR3 on metastasis of gastric cancer cells in vivo Collectively, these findings not only pinpoint that Twist1 mediates the modulatory function of PAQR3 on EMT and metastasis but also suggest that targeting Twist1 is a promising strategy to control metastasis of tumors with downregulation of PAQR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road, New Life Science Building, A2214, Shanghai 200031 , China and
| | - Xue You
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, New Life Science Building, A2214, Shanghai 200031, China and.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Daqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road, New Life Science Building, A2214, Shanghai 200031 , China and
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road, New Life Science Building, A2214, Shanghai 200031 , China and
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road, New Life Science Building, A2214, Shanghai 200031 , China and
| | - Kaiyang Man
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, New Life Science Building, A2214, Shanghai 200031, China and.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road, New Life Science Building, A2214, Shanghai 200031 , China and
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, New Life Science Building, A2214, Shanghai 200031, China and.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
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Xu DQ, Wang Z, Wang CY, Zhang DY, Wan HD, Zhao ZL, Gu J, Zhang YX, Li ZG, Man KY, Pan Y, Wang ZF, Ke ZJ, Liu ZX, Liao LJ, Chen Y. PAQR3 controls autophagy by integrating AMPK signaling to enhance ATG14L-associated PI3K activity. EMBO J 2016; 35:496-514. [PMID: 26834238 PMCID: PMC4772855 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Beclin1–VPS34 complex is recognized as a central node in regulating autophagy via interacting with diverse molecules such as ATG14L for autophagy initiation and UVRAG for autophagosome maturation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism that coordinates the timely activation of VPS34 complex is poorly understood. Here, we identify that PAQR3 governs the preferential formation and activation of ATG14L‐linked VPS34 complex for autophagy initiation via two levels of regulation. Firstly, PAQR3 functions as a scaffold protein that facilitates the formation of ATG14L‐ but not UVRAG‐linked VPS34 complex, leading to elevated capacity of PI(3)P generation ahead of starvation signals. Secondly, AMPK phosphorylates PAQR3 at threonine 32 and switches on PI(3)P production to initiate autophagosome formation swiftly after glucose starvation. Deletion of PAQR3 leads to reduction of exercise‐induced autophagy in mice, accompanied by a certain degree of disaggregation of ATG14L‐associated VPS34 complex. Together, this study uncovers that PAQR3 can not only enhance the capacity of pro‐autophagy class III PI3K due to its scaffold function, but also integrate AMPK signal to activation of ATG14L‐linked VPS34 complex upon glucose starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Da Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Long Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Yang Man
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zun-Ji Ke
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Xue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Jian Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
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Hewavitharana T, Wedegaertner PB. PAQR3 regulates Golgi vesicle fission and transport via the Gβγ-PKD signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2444-51. [PMID: 26327583 PMCID: PMC4684484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins function at diverse subcellular locations, in addition to canonical signaling at the plasma membrane (PM). Gβγ signals at the Golgi, via protein kinase D (PKD), to regulate fission of PM-destined vesicles. However, the mechanism by which Gβγ is regulated at the Golgi in this process remains elusive. Recent studies have revealed that PAQR3 (Progestin and AdipoQ Receptor 3), also called RKTG (Raf Kinase Trapping to the Golgi), interacts with the Gβ subunit and localizes Gβ to the Golgi thereby inhibiting Gβγ signaling at the PM. Herein we show that, in contrast to this inhibition of canonical Gβγ signaling at the PM, PAQR3 promotes Gβγ signaling at the Golgi. Expression of PAQR3 causes fragmentation of the Golgi, while a Gβ binding-deficient mutant of PAQR3 does not cause Golgi fragmentation. Also, a C-terminal fragment of GRK2 (GRK2ct), which interacts with Gβγ and inhibits Gβγ signaling, and gallein, a small molecule inhibitor of Gβγ, are both able to inhibit PAQR3-mediated Golgi fragmentation. Furthermore, a dominant negative form of PKD (PKD-DN) and a pharmacological inhibitor of PKD, Gö6976, also inhibit PAQR3-mediated fragmentation of the Golgi. Importantly, expression of the Gβ binding-deficient mutant of PAQR3 inhibits the constitutive transport of the model cargo protein VSV-G from the Golgi to the PM, indicating the involvement of PAQR3 in Golgi-to PM vesicle transport and a dominant negative role for this mutant. Collectively, these results reveal a novel role for the newly characterized, Golgi-localized PAQR3 in regulating Gβγ at the non-canonical subcellular location of the Golgi and thus for controlling Golgi-to-PM protein transport via the Gβγ-PKD signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamara Hewavitharana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th St., 839 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| | - Philip B Wedegaertner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th St., 839 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
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An S, Yang Y, Ward R, Liu Y, Guo XX, Xu TR. A-Raf: A new star of the family of raf kinases. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 50:520-31. [PMID: 26508523 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2015.1102858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Ras-Raf-MEK-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)-signaling pathway plays a key role in the regulation of many cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and transformation, by transmitting signals from membrane receptors to various cytoplasmic and nuclear targets. One of the key components of this pathway is the serine/threonine protein kinase, Raf. The Raf family kinases (A-Raf, B-Raf and C-Raf) have been intensively studied since being identified in the early 1980s as retroviral oncogenes, especially with respect to the discovery of activating mutations of B-Raf in a large number of tumors which led to intensified efforts to develop drugs targeting Raf kinases. This also resulted in a rapid increase in our knowledge of the biological functions of the B-Raf and C-Raf isoforms, which may in turn be contrasted with the little that is known about A-Raf. The biological functions of A-Raf remain mysterious, although it appears to share some of the basic properties of the other two isoforms. Recently, emerging evidence has begun to reveal the functions of A-Raf, of which some are kinase-independent. These include the inhibition of apoptosis by binding to MST2, acting as safeguard against oncogenic transformation by suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) activation and playing a role in resistance to Raf inhibitors. In this review, we discuss the regulation of A-Raf protein expression, and the roles of A-Raf in apoptosis and cancer, with a special focus on its role in resistance to Raf inhibitors. We also describe the scaffold functions of A-Raf and summarize the unexpected complexity of Raf signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su An
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan , China and
| | - Yang Yang
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan , China and
| | - Richard Ward
- b Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Scotland , UK
| | - Ying Liu
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan , China and
| | - Xiao-Xi Guo
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan , China and
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan , China and
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PAQR3 modulates cholesterol homeostasis by anchoring Scap/SREBP complex to the Golgi apparatus. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8100. [PMID: 26311497 PMCID: PMC4560833 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol biosynthesis is regulated by transcription factors SREBPs and their escort protein Scap. On sterol depletion, Scap/SREBP complex is transported from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus where SREBP is activated. Under cholesterol sufficient condition, Insigs act as anchor proteins to retain Scap/SREBP in the ER. However, the anchor protein of Scap/SREBP in the Golgi is unknown. Here we report that a Golgi-localized membrane protein progestin and adipoQ receptors 3 (PAQR3) interacts with Scap and SREBP and tethers them to the Golgi. PAQR3 promotes Scap/SREBP complex formation, potentiates SREBP processing and enhances lipid synthesis. The mutually exclusive interaction between Scap and PAQR3 or Insig-1 is regulated by cholesterol level. PAQR3 knockdown in liver blunts SREBP pathway and decreases hepatic cholesterol content. Disrupting the interaction of PAQR3 with Scap/SREBP by a synthetic peptide inhibits SREBP processing and activation. Thus, PAQR3 regulates cholesterol homeostasis by anchoring Scap/SREBP to the Golgi and disruption of such function reduces cholesterol biosynthesis. Under conditions of sterol depletion, the Scap/SREBP complex is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Here Xu and Wang et al. show that the Golgi protein PAQR3 interacts with Scap and SREBP in a cholesterol regulated manner to help regulate sterol homeostasis.
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Yu X, Li Z, Chan MTV, Wu WKK. PAQR3: a novel tumor suppressor gene. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:2562-2568. [PMID: 26609468 PMCID: PMC4633890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PAQR3, also known as RKTG (Raf kinase trapping to Golgi), is a member of the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family. The role of PAQR3 as a tumor suppressor has recently been established in different types of human cancer in which PAQR3 exerts its biological function through negative regulation of the oncogenic Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. Multiple studies have found that PAQR3 downregulation frequently occurs in human cancers and is very often associated with tumor progression and shortened patients' survival. Moreover, restoring the expression of PAQR3 could induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cells. Downregulation of PAQR3 by oncogenic microRNAs has also been reported. In this review, we summarized current knowledge concerning the role of PAQR3 in tumor development. To our knowledge, this is the first review on the role of this novel tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Matthew TV Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
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