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Alhawarri MB, Al-Thiabat MG, Dubey A, Tufail A, Fouad D, Alrimawi BH, Dayoob M. ADME profiling, molecular docking, DFT, and MEP analysis reveal cissamaline, cissamanine, and cissamdine from Cissampelos capensis L.f. as potential anti-Alzheimer's agents. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9878-9891. [PMID: 38528929 PMCID: PMC10961956 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The current pharmacotherapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) demonstrate limited efficacy and are associated with various side effects, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic agents. Natural products, particularly from medicinal plants, have emerged as a significant source of potential neuroprotective compounds. In this context, Cissampelos capensis L.f., renowned for its medicinal properties, has recently yielded three new proaporphine alkaloids; cissamaline, cissamanine, and cissamdine. Despite their promising bioactive profiles, the biological targets of these alkaloids in the context of AD have remained unexplored. This study undertakes a comprehensive in silico examination of the binding affinity and molecular interactions of these alkaloids with human protein targets implicated in AD. The drug likeness and ADME analyses indicate favorable pharmacokinetic profiles for these compounds, suggesting their potential efficacy in targeting the central nervous system. Molecular docking studies indicate that cissamaline, cissamanine, and cissamdine interact with key AD-associated proteins. These interactions are comparable to, or in some aspects slightly less potent than, those observed with established AD drugs, highlighting their potential as novel therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease. Crucially, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations offer deep insights into the electronic and energetic characteristics of these alkaloids. These calculations reveal distinct electronic properties, with differences in total energy, binding energy, HOMO-LUMO gaps, dipole moments, and electrophilicity indices. Such variations suggest unique reactivity profiles and molecular stability, pertinent to their pharmacological potential. Moreover, Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) analyses provide visual representations of the electrostatic characteristics of these alkaloids. The analyses highlight areas prone to electrophilic and nucleophilic attacks, indicating their potential for specific biochemical interactions. This combination of DFT and MEP results elucidates the intricate electronic, energetic, and electrostatic properties of these compounds, underpinning their promise as AD therapeutic agents. The in silico findings of this study shed light on the promising potential of cissamaline, cissamanine, and cissamdine as agents for AD treatment. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to validate these theoretical predictions and to understand the precise mechanisms through which these alkaloids may exert their therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram B Alhawarri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University P.O.Box 733 Irbid 21110 Jordan
| | - Mohammad G Al-Thiabat
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Gelugor 11800 Penang Malaysia
| | - Amit Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai-600077 Tamil Nadu India
- Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery Division Quanta Calculus Greater Noida-201310 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Aisha Tufail
- Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery Division Quanta Calculus Greater Noida-201310 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Dania Fouad
- Faculty of Dentistry, Ibn Sina University for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Baghdad Iraq
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Xiao X, Wang X, Zhu K, Li L, He Y, Zhang J, Li L, Hu H, Cui Y, Zhang J, Zheng Y. BACE1 in PV interneuron tunes hippocampal CA1 local circuits and resets priming of fear memory extinction. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4151-4162. [PMID: 37452089 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACE1 is the rate-limiting enzyme for β-amyloid (Aβ) production and therefore is considered a prime drug target for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, the BACE1 inhibitors failed in clinical trials, even exhibiting cognitive worsening, implying that BACE1 may function in regulating cognition-relevant neural circuits. Here, we found that parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons (PV INs) in hippocampal CA1 express BACE1 at a high level. We designed and developed a mouse strain with conditional knockout of BACE1 in PV neurons. The CA1 fast-spiking PV INs with BACE1 deletion exhibited an enhanced response of postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors to local stimulation on CA1 oriens, with average intrinsic electrical properties and fidelity in synaptic integration. Intriguingly, the BACE1 deletion reorganized the CA1 recurrent inhibitory motif assembled by the heterogeneous pyramidal neurons (PNs) and the adjacent fast-spiking PV INs from the superficial to the deep layer. Moreover, the conditional BACE1 deletion impaired the AMPARs-mediated excitatory transmission of deep CA1 PNs. Further rescue experiments confirmed that these phenotypes require the enzymatic activity of BACE1. Above all, the BACE1 deletion resets the priming of the fear memory extinction. Our findings suggest a neuron-specific working model of BACE1 in regulating learning and memory circuits. The study may provide a potential path of targeting BACE1 and NMDAR together to circumvent cognitive worsening due to a single application of BACE1 inhibitor in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuansheng Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jinglan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Linying Li
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hanning Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yanqiu Cui
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jianliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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3
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Vincent B, Maitra S. BACE1-dependent metabolism of neuregulin 1: Bridging the gap in explaining the occurrence of schizophrenia-like symptoms in Alzheimer's disease with psychosis? Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101988. [PMID: 37331479 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by cortico-neuronal atrophy, impaired memory and other cognitive declines. On the other hand, schizophrenia is a neuro-developmental disorder with an overtly active central nervous system pruning system resulting into abrupt connections with common symptoms including disorganised thoughts, hallucination and delusion. Nevertheless, the fronto-temporal anomaly presents itself as a common denominator for the two pathologies. There is even a strong presumption of increased risk of developing co-morbid dementia for schizophrenic individuals and psychosis for Alzheimer's disease patients, overall leading to a further deteriorated quality of life. However, convincing proofs of how these two disorders, although very distant from each other when considering their aetiology, develop coexisting symptoms is yet to be resolved. At the molecular level, the two primarily neuronal proteins β-amyloid precursor protein and neuregulin 1 have been considered in this relevant context, although the conclusions are for the moment only hypotheses. In order to propose a model for explaining the psychotic schizophrenia-like symptoms that sometimes accompany AD-associated dementia, this review projects out on the similar sensitivity shared by these two proteins regarding their metabolism by the β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vincent
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France.
| | - Subhamita Maitra
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå 90736, Sweden
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El-Demerdash N, Pan T, Choi O, Saraswati M, Koehler RC, Robertson CL, Savonenko A. Importance of Control Groups for Evaluating Long-Term Behavioral and Cognitive Outcomes of Controlled Cortical Impact in Immature Rats. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:1197-1215. [PMID: 36416234 PMCID: PMC10259614 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies are limited for pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially for the very young who can experience long-term consequences to learning, memory, and social behavior. Animal models of pediatric TBI have yielded mechanistic insights, but demonstration of clinically relevant long-term behavioral and/or cognitive deficits has been challenging. We characterized short- and long-term outcomes in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of pediatric TBI using a panel of tests between 2 weeks and ∼4 months after injury. Male rats with CCI at postnatal Day (PND) 10 were compared with three control groups: Naïve, Anesthesia, and Craniotomy. Motor testing (PND 25-33), novel object recognition (NOR; PND 40-50), and multiple tasks in water maze (WM; PND 65-100) were followed by social interaction tests (PND 120-140). Anesthesia rats performed the same as Naïve rats in all tasks. TBI rats, when compared with Naïve controls, had functional impairments across most tests studied. The most sensitive cognitive processes affected by TBI included those that required fast one-trial learning (NOR, WM), flexibility of acquired memory traces (reversals in WM), response strategies (WM), or recognition memory in the setting of reciprocal social interactions. Both TBI and Craniotomy groups demonstrated increased rates of decision making across several WM tasks, suggesting disinhibition of motor responses. When the TBI group was compared with the Craniotomy group, however, deficits were detected in a limited number of outcomes. The latter included learning speed (WM), cognitive flexibility (WM), and social recognition memory. Notably, effects of craniotomy, when compared with Naïve controls, spanned across multiple tasks, and in some tasks, could reach the effect sizes observed in TBI. These results highlight the importance of appropriate control groups in pediatric CCI models. In addition, the study demonstrates the high sensitivity of comprehensive cognitive testing to detect long-term effects of early-age craniotomy and TBI and provides a template for future testing of experimental therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagat El-Demerdash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tiffany Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olivia Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Manda Saraswati
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymond C. Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Courtney L. Robertson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alena Savonenko
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Takasugi N, Komai M, Kaneshiro N, Ikeda A, Kamikubo Y, Uehara T. The Pursuit of the "Inside" of the Amyloid Hypothesis-Is C99 a Promising Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease? Cells 2023; 12:cells12030454. [PMID: 36766796 PMCID: PMC9914381 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aducanumab, co-developed by Eisai (Japan) and Biogen (U.S.), has received Food and Drug Administration approval for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, its successor antibody, lecanemab, has been approved. These antibodies target the aggregated form of the small peptide, amyloid-β (Aβ), which accumulates in the patient brain. The "amyloid hypothesis" based therapy that places the aggregation and toxicity of Aβ at the center of the etiology is about to be realized. However, the effects of immunotherapy are still limited, suggesting the need to reconsider this hypothesis. Aβ is produced from a type-I transmembrane protein, Aβ precursor protein (APP). One of the APP metabolites, the 99-amino acids C-terminal fragment (C99, also called βCTF), is a direct precursor of Aβ and accumulates in the AD patient's brain to demonstrate toxicity independent of Aβ. Conventional drug discovery strategies have focused on Aβ toxicity on the "outside" of the neuron, but C99 accumulation might explain the toxicity on the "inside" of the neuron, which was overlooked in the hypothesis. Furthermore, the common region of C99 and Aβ is a promising target for multifunctional AD drugs. This review aimed to outline the nature, metabolism, and impact of C99 on AD pathogenesis and discuss whether it could be a therapeutic target complementing the amyloid hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobumasa Takasugi
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Masato Komai
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Nanaka Kaneshiro
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Atsuya Ikeda
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamikubo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Uehara
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Hampel H, Caruso G, Nisticò R, Piccioni G, Mercuri NB, Giorgi FS, Ferrarelli F, Lemercier P, Caraci F, Lista S, Vergallo A. Biological Mechanism-based Neurology and Psychiatry: A BACE1/2 and Downstream Pathway Model. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:31-53. [PMID: 34852743 PMCID: PMC10193755 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211201095701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In oncology, comprehensive omics and functional enrichment studies have led to an extensive profiling of (epi)genetic and neurobiological alterations that can be mapped onto a single tumor's clinical phenotype and divergent clinical phenotypes expressing common pathophysiological pathways. Consequently, molecular pathway-based therapeutic interventions for different cancer typologies, namely tumor type- and site-agnostic treatments, have been developed, encouraging the real-world implementation of a paradigm shift in medicine. Given the breakthrough nature of the new-generation translational research and drug development in oncology, there is an increasing rationale to transfertilize this blueprint to other medical fields, including psychiatry and neurology. In order to illustrate the emerging paradigm shift in neuroscience, we provide a state-of-the-art review of translational studies on the β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE) and its most studied downstream effector, neuregulin, which are molecular orchestrators of distinct biological pathways involved in several neurological and psychiatric diseases. This body of data aligns with the evidence of a shared genetic/biological architecture among Alzheimer's disease, schizoaffective disorder, and autism spectrum disorders. To facilitate a forward-looking discussion about a potential first step towards the adoption of biological pathway-based, clinical symptom-agnostic, categorization models in clinical neurology and psychiatry for precision medicine solutions, we engage in a speculative intellectual exercise gravitating around BACE-related science, which is used as a paradigmatic case here. We draw a perspective whereby pathway-based therapeutic strategies could be catalyzed by highthroughput techniques embedded in systems-scaled biology, neuroscience, and pharmacology approaches that will help overcome the constraints of traditional descriptive clinical symptom and syndrome-focused constructs in neurology and psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
| | | | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Piccioni
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V.Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Sean Giorgi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pablo Lemercier
- Sorbonne University, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simone Lista
- Sorbonne University, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
- Memory Resources and Research Center (CMRR), Neurology Department, Gui de Chauliac University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
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Nawwar DA, Zaki HF, Sayed RH. Role of the NRG1/ErbB4 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in the anti-psychotic effects of aripiprazole and sertindole in ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1891-1907. [PMID: 35876932 PMCID: PMC9499910 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a common mental disorder affecting patients' thoughts, behavior, and cognition. Recently, the NRG1/ErbB4 signaling pathway emerged as a candidate therapeutic target for schizophrenia. This study investigates the effects of aripiprazole and sertindole on the NRG1/ErbB4 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in ketamine-induced schizophrenia in rats. Young male Wistar rats received ketamine (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for 5 consecutive days and aripiprazole (3 mg/kg, orally) or sertindole (2.5 mg/kg, orally) for 14 days. The proposed pathway was investigated by injecting LY294002 (a selective PI3K inhibitor) (25 μg/kg, intrahippocampal injection) 30 min before the drugs. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, animals were subjected to behavioral tests: the open field test, sucrose preference test, novel object recognition task, and social interaction test. Both aripiprazole and sertindole significantly ameliorated ketamine-induced schizophrenic-like behavior, as expected, because of their previously demonstrated antipsychotic activity. Besides, both drugs alleviated ketamine-induced oxidative stress and neurotransmitter level changes in the hippocampus. They also increased the gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate levels and glutamate decarboxylase 67 and parvalbumin mRNA expression in the hippocampus. Moreover, aripiprazole and sertindole increased the NRG1 and ErbB4 mRNA expression levels and PI3K, p-Akt, and mTOR protein expression levels. Interestingly, pre-injecting LY294002 abolished all the effects of the drugs. This study reveals that the antipsychotic effects of aripiprazole and sertindole are partly due to oxidative stress reduction as well as NRG1/ErbB4 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways activation. The NRG1/ErbB4 and PI3K signaling pathways may offer a new therapeutic approach for treating schizophrenia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Nawwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Qiu Y, Sha L, Zhang X, Li G, Zhu W, Xu Q. Induction of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs 1 by a rare variant or cognitive activities reduces hippocampal amyloid-β and consequent Alzheimer’s disease risk. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:896522. [PMID: 36016856 PMCID: PMC9395645 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.896522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) hydrolysis is acknowledged as the predominant hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that especially correlates to genetics and daily activities. In 2019, meta-analysis of AD has discovered five new risk loci among which A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs 1 (ADAMTS1) has been further suggested in 2021 and 2022. To verify the association, we re-sequenced ADAMTS1 of clinical AD samples and subsequently identified a novel rare variant c.–2067A > C with watchable relevance (whereas the P-value was not significant after adjustment). Dual-luciferase assay showed that the variant sharply stimulated ADAMTS1 expression. In addition, ADAMTS1 was also clearly induced by pentylenetetrazol-ignited neuronal activity and enriched environment (EE). Inspired by the above findings, we investigated ADAMTS1’s role in APP metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that ADAMTS1 participated in APP hydrolysis and consequently decreased Aβ generation through inhibiting β-secretase-mediated cleavage. In addition, we also verified that the hippocampal amyloid load of AD mouse model was alleviated by the introduction of ADAMTS1, and thus spatial cognition was restored as well. This study revealed the contribution of ADAMTS1 to the connection of genetic and acquired factors with APP metabolism, and its potential in reducing hippocampal amyloid and consequent risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longze Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuneng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanwan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Xu,
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9
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Elevated peripheral Neuregulin-1 protein levels in non-medicated focal epilepsy patients. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 102:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Finding New Ways How to Control BACE1. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:293-318. [PMID: 35305135 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, all applications of BACE1 inhibitors failed as therapeutical targets for Alzheimer´s disease (AD) due to severe side effects. Therefore, alternative ways for treatment development are a hot research topic. The present analysis investigates BACE1 protein-protein interaction networks and attempts to solve the absence of complete knowledge about pathways involving BACE1. A bioinformatics analysis matched the functions of the non-substrate interaction network with Voltage-gated potassium channels, which also appear as top priority protein nodes. Targeting BACE1 interactions with PS1 and GGA-s, blocking of BACE1 access to APP by BRI3 and RTN-s, activation of Wnt signaling and upregulation of β-catenin, and brain delivery of the extracellular domain of p75NTR, are the main alternatives to the use of BACE 1 inhibitors highlighted by the analysis. The pathway enrichment analysis also emphasized substrates and substrate candidates with essential biological functions, which cleavage must remain controlled. They include ephrin receptors, ROBO1, ROBO2, CNTN-s, CASPR-s, CD147, CypB, TTR, APLP1/APLP2, NRXN-s, and PTPR-s. The analysis of the interaction subnetwork of BACE1 functionally related to inflammation identified a connection to three cardiomyopathies, which supports the hypothesis of the common molecular mechanisms with AD. A lot of potential shows the regulation of BACE1 activity through post-translational modifications. The interaction network of BACE1 and its phosphorylation enzyme CSNK1D functionally match the Circadian clock, p53, and Hedgehog signaling pathways. The regulation of BACE1 glycosylation could be achieved through N-acetylglucosamine transferases, α-(1→6)-fucosyltransferase, β-galactoside α-(2→6)-sialyltransferases, galactosyltransferases, and mannosidases suggested by the interaction network analysis of BACE1-MGAT3. The present analysis proposes possibilities for the alternative control of AD pathology.
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11
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Lipid flippase dysfunction as a therapeutic target for endosomal anomalies in Alzheimer’s disease. iScience 2022; 25:103869. [PMID: 35243232 PMCID: PMC8857600 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosomal anomalies because of vesicular traffic impairment have been indicated as an early pathology of Alzheimer’| disease (AD). However, the mechanisms and therapeutic targets remain unclear. We previously reported that βCTF, one of the pathogenic metabolites of APP, interacts with TMEM30A. TMEM30A constitutes a lipid flippase with P4-ATPase and regulates vesicular trafficking through the asymmetric distribution of phospholipids. Therefore, the alteration of lipid flippase activity in AD pathology has got attention. Herein, we showed that the interaction between βCTF and TMEM30A suppresses the physiological formation and activity of lipid flippase in AD model cells, A7, and AppNL−G-F/NL−G-F model mice. Furthermore, the T-RAP peptide derived from the βCTF binding site of TMEM30A improved endosomal anomalies, which could be a result of the restored lipid flippase activity. Our results provide insights into the mechanisms of vesicular traffic impairment and suggest a therapeutic target for AD. Interaction between βCTF and TMEM30A mediates endosomal anomalies Accumulated βCTF impairs lipid flippase function, a regulator of vesicle transport Age-dependent lipid flippase disorder can precede Aβ deposition in AD model mice βCTF interacting peptide, 'T-RAP′ can improve βCTF mediated endosomal anomalies
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12
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Lin R, Learman LN, Bangash MA, Melnikova T, Leyder E, Reddy SC, Naidoo N, Park JM, Savonenko A, Worley PF. Homer1a regulates Shank3 expression and underlies behavioral vulnerability to stress in a model of Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110014. [PMID: 34788607 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of SHANK3 cause Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS), and these individuals can exhibit sensitivity to stress, resulting in behavioral deterioration. Here, we examine the interaction of stress with genotype using a mouse model with face validity to PMS. In Shank3ΔC/+ mice, swim stress produces an altered transcriptomic response in pyramidal neurons that impacts genes and pathways involved in synaptic function, signaling, and protein turnover. Homer1a, which is part of the Shank3-mGluR-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex, is super-induced and is implicated in the stress response because stress-induced social deficits in Shank3ΔC/+ mice are mitigated in Shank3ΔC/+;Homer1a-/- mice. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that Shank3 expression is regulated by Homer1a in competition with crosslinking forms of Homer, and consistent with this model, Shank3 expression and function that are reduced in Shank3ΔC/+ mice are rescued in Shank3ΔC/+;Homer1a-/- mice. Studies highlight the interaction between stress and genetics and focus attention on activity-dependent changes that may contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raozhou Lin
- Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lisa N Learman
- Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - M Ali Bangash
- Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tatiana Melnikova
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erica Leyder
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sai C Reddy
- Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nirinjini Naidoo
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joo Min Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Alena Savonenko
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Paul F Worley
- Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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13
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Najafi S, Tan SC, Raee P, Rahmati Y, Asemani Y, Lee EHC, Hushmandi K, Zarrabi A, Aref AR, Ashrafizadeh M, Kumar AP, Ertas YN, Ghani S, Aghamiri S. Gene regulation by antisense transcription: A focus on neurological and cancer diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112265. [PMID: 34749054 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in high-throughput sequencing over the past decades have led to the identification of thousands of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which play a major role in regulating gene expression. One emerging class of ncRNAs is the natural antisense transcripts (NATs), the RNA molecules transcribed from the opposite strand of a protein-coding gene locus. NATs are known to concordantly and discordantly regulate gene expression in both cis and trans manners at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and epigenetic levels. Aberrant expression of NATs can therefore cause dysregulation in many biological pathways and has been observed in many genetic diseases. This review outlines the involvements and mechanisms of NATs in the pathogenesis of various diseases, with a special emphasis on neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. We also summarize recent findings on NAT knockdown and/or overexpression experiments and discuss the potential of NATs as promising targets for future gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Najafi
- Student research committee, Department of medical biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pourya Raee
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yazdan Rahmati
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Asemani
- Department of Immunology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Hui Clarissa Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Sariyer 34396, Turkey
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vice President at Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Sepideh Ghani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Aghamiri
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Das B, Singh N, Yao AY, Zhou J, He W, Hu X, Yan R. BACE1 controls synaptic function through modulating release of synaptic vesicles. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6394-6410. [PMID: 34158621 PMCID: PMC8760050 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACE1 initiates production of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ), which is associated with cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to abnormal oligomerization and aggregation. While BACE1 inhibitors show strong reduction in Aβ deposition, they fail to improve cognitive function in patients, largely due to its role in synaptic function. We show that BACE1 is required for optimal release of synaptic vesicles. BACE1 deficiency or inhibition decreases synaptic vesicle docking in the synaptic active zones. Consistently, BACE1-null mice or mice treated with clinically tested BACE1 inhibitors Verubecestat and Lanabecestat exhibit severe reduction in hippocampal LTP and learning behaviors. To counterbalance this synaptic deficit, we discovered that BACE1-null mice treated with positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1), whose levels were reduced in BACE1-null mice and significantly improved long-term potentiation and cognitive behaviors. Similarly, mice treated with mGluR1 PAM showed significantly mitigated synaptic deficits caused by BACE1 inhibitors. Together, our data suggest that a therapy combining BACE1 inhibitors for reducing amyloid deposition and an mGluR1 PAM for counteracting BACE1-mediated synaptic deficits appears to be an effective approach for treating AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brati Das
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Neeraj Singh
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Annie Y Yao
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - John Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Wanxia He
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Xiangyou Hu
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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15
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Pandolfo G, Iannuzzo F, Genovese G, Bruno A, Pioggia G, Baldari S, Gangemi S. Mental Illness and Amyloid: A Scoping Review of Scientific Evidence over the Last 10 Years (2011 to 2021). Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101352. [PMID: 34679416 PMCID: PMC8534102 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein and its derivates represent a central factor in the process of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Since mental illnesses share with AD cognitive impairment, amyloid indicators have been used to explore the unknown pathophysiologic mechanisms underlining psychiatric illness. This work aims to compare the role of amyloid markers, together with tau proteins, among various mental disorders evaluating the possible role of altered amyloid metabolism in the onset and in the course of psychiatric diseases, considering the relationship with cognitive impairment in dementia. This review includes articles written in English, published between 1 January 2011 and 31 January 2021, which evaluated amyloid and tau proteins in psychiatric patients. After screening, 31 studies were included in the review. Results suggest that amyloid metabolism is altered in major psychiatric disorders and that it could be a marker of cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, the role of amyloid in mental diseases seems to be related to neurodevelopmental alteration as well as neurodegeneration processes, like in AD. The role of amyloid in the pathogenesis of mental disorders is still unknown. Amyloid should not be only considered as a marker of cognitive impairment in mental illness, but also for altered neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Pandolfo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Fiammetta Iannuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3276284688
| | - Giovanni Genovese
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Bruno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sergio Baldari
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and of Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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16
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Navarro-Gonzalez C, Carceller H, Benito Vicente M, Serra I, Navarrete M, Domínguez-Canterla Y, Rodríguez-Prieto Á, González-Manteiga A, Fazzari P. Nrg1 haploinsufficiency alters inhibitory cortical circuits. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 157:105442. [PMID: 34246770 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and its receptor ERBB4 are schizophrenia (SZ) risk genes that control the development of both excitatory and inhibitory cortical circuits. Most studies focused on the characterization ErbB4 deficient mice. However, ErbB4 deletion concurrently perturbs the signaling of Nrg1 and Neuregulin 3 (Nrg3), another ligand expressed in the cortex. In addition, NRG1 polymorphisms linked to SZ locate mainly in non-coding regions and they may partially reduce Nrg1 expression. Here, to study the relevance of Nrg1 partial loss-of-function in cortical circuits we characterized a recently developed haploinsufficient mouse model of Nrg1 (Nrg1tm1Lex). These mice display SZ-like behavioral deficits. The cellular and molecular underpinnings of the behavioral deficits in Nrg1tm1Lex mice remain to be established. With multiple approaches including Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), electrophysiology, quantitative imaging and molecular analysis we found that Nrg1 haploinsufficiency impairs the inhibitory cortical circuits. We observed changes in the expression of molecules involved in GABAergic neurotransmission, decreased density of Vglut1 excitatory buttons onto Parvalbumin interneurons and decreased frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Moreover, we found a decreased number of Parvalbumin positive interneurons in the cortex and altered expression of Calretinin. Interestingly, we failed to detect other alterations in excitatory neurons that were previously reported in ErbB4 null mice suggesting that the Nrg1 haploinsufficiency does not entirely phenocopies ErbB4 deletions. Altogether, this study suggests that Nrg1 haploinsufficiency primarily affects the cortical inhibitory circuits in the cortex and provides new insights into the structural and molecular synaptic impairment caused by NRG1 hypofunction in a preclinical model of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Navarro-Gonzalez
- Lab of Cortical Circuits in Health and Disease, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Héctor Carceller
- Lab of Cortical Circuits in Health and Disease, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marina Benito Vicente
- Laboratorio Resonancia Magnética de Investigación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Irene Serra
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Navarrete
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Yaiza Domínguez-Canterla
- Lab of Cortical Circuits in Health and Disease, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ángela Rodríguez-Prieto
- Lab of Cortical Circuits in Health and Disease, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana González-Manteiga
- Lab of Cortical Circuits in Health and Disease, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Pietro Fazzari
- Lab of Cortical Circuits in Health and Disease, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Baranowski BJ, Hayward GC, Marko DM, MacPherson REK. Examination of BDNF Treatment on BACE1 Activity and Acute Exercise on Brain BDNF Signaling. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:665867. [PMID: 34017238 PMCID: PMC8129185 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.665867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in metabolism results in the accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides, which is a pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease. Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the rate limiting enzyme responsible for beta-amyloid production. Obesogenic diets increase BACE1 while exercise reduces BACE1 activity, although the mechanisms are unknown. Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is an exercise inducible neurotrophic factor, however, it is unknown if BDNF is related to the effects of exercise on BACE1. The purpose of this study was to determine the direct effect of BDNF on BACE1 activity and to examine neuronal pathways induced by exercise. C57BL/6J male mice were assigned to either a low (n = 36) or high fat diet (n = 36) for 10 weeks. To determine the direct effect of BDNF on BACE1, a subset of mice (low fat diet = 12 and high fat diet n = 12) were used for an explant experiment where the brain tissue was directly treated with BDNF (100 ng/ml) for 30 min. To examine neuronal pathways activated with exercise, mice remained sedentary (n = 12) or underwent an acute bout of treadmill running at 15 m/min with a 5% incline for 120 min (n = 12). The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were collected 2-h post-exercise. Direct treatment with BDNF resulted in reductions in BACE1 activity in the prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05), but not the hippocampus. The high fat diet reduced BDNF content in the hippocampus; however, the acute bout of exercise increased BDNF in the prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05). These novel findings demonstrate the region specific differences in exercise induced BDNF in lean and obese mice and show that BDNF can reduce BACE1 activity, independent of other exercise-induced alterations. This work demonstrates a previously unknown link between BDNF and BACE1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grant C Hayward
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel M Marko
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca E K MacPherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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18
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Hampel H, Vassar R, De Strooper B, Hardy J, Willem M, Singh N, Zhou J, Yan R, Vanmechelen E, De Vos A, Nisticò R, Corbo M, Imbimbo BP, Streffer J, Voytyuk I, Timmers M, Tahami Monfared AA, Irizarry M, Albala B, Koyama A, Watanabe N, Kimura T, Yarenis L, Lista S, Kramer L, Vergallo A. The β-Secretase BACE1 in Alzheimer's Disease. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:745-756. [PMID: 32223911 PMCID: PMC7533042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACE1 (beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1) was initially cloned and characterized in 1999. It is required for the generation of all monomeric forms of amyloid-β (Aβ), including Aβ42, which aggregates into bioactive conformational species and likely initiates toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). BACE1 concentrations and rates of activity are increased in AD brains and body fluids, thereby supporting the hypothesis that BACE1 plays a critical role in AD pathophysiology. Therefore, BACE1 is a prime drug target for slowing down Aβ production in early AD. Besides the amyloidogenic pathway, BACE1 has other substrates that may be important for synaptic plasticity and synaptic homeostasis. Indeed, germline and adult conditional BACE1 knockout mice display complex neurological phenotypes. Despite BACE1 inhibitor clinical trials conducted so far being discontinued for futility or safety reasons, BACE1 remains a well-validated therapeutic target for AD. A safe and efficacious compound with high substrate selectivity as well as a more accurate dose regimen, patient population, and disease stage may yet be found. Further research should focus on the role of Aβ and BACE1 in physiological processes and key pathophysiological mechanisms of AD. The functions of BACE1 and the homologue BACE2, as well as the biology of Aβ in neurons and glia, deserve further investigation. Cellular and molecular studies of BACE1 and BACE2 knockout mice coupled with biomarker-based human research will help elucidate the biological functions of these important enzymes and identify their substrates and downstream effects. Such studies will have critical implications for BACE1 inhibition as a therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hampel
- Neurology Business Group, Eisai Inc., Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey; Sorbonne University, GRC No. 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - Robert Vassar
- Department of Neurology, Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bart De Strooper
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Brain and Disease Research, VIB (Flanders Institute for Biotechnology), Leuven, Belgium; Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Reta Lilla Weston Laboratories, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Willem
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Neeraj Singh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - John Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | | | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy; School of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Johannes Streffer
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; UCB Biopharma SPRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Iryna Voytyuk
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Brain and Disease Research, VIB (Flanders Institute for Biotechnology), Leuven, Belgium; ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten Timmers
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Janssen Research and Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Amir Abbas Tahami Monfared
- Neurology Business Group, Eisai Inc., Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Irizarry
- Neurology Business Group, Eisai Inc., Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey
| | - Bruce Albala
- Neurology Business Group, Eisai Inc., Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey
| | - Akihiko Koyama
- Neurology Business Group, Eisai Inc., Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Lisa Yarenis
- Neurology Business Group, Eisai Inc., Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey
| | - Simone Lista
- Sorbonne University, GRC No. 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Lynn Kramer
- Neurology Business Group, Eisai Inc., Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Neurology Business Group, Eisai Inc., Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey; Sorbonne University, GRC No. 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.
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19
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Vijayan D, Chandra R. Amyloid Beta Hypothesis in Alzheimer's Disease: Major Culprits and Recent Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:148-166. [PMID: 31385768 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190806153206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia and has been a global concern for several years. Due to the multi-factorial nature of the disease, AD has become irreversible, fatal and imposes a tremendous socio-economic burden. Even though experimental medicines suggested moderate benefits, AD still lacks an effective treatment strategy for the management of symptoms or cure. Among the various hypotheses that describe development and progression of AD, the amyloid hypothesis has been a long-term adherent to the AD due to the involvement of various forms of Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in the impairment of neuronal and cognitive functions. Hence, majority of the drug discovery approaches in the past have focused on the prevention of the accumulation of Aβ peptides. Currently, there are several agents in the phase III clinical trials that target Aβ or the various macromolecules triggering Aβ deposition. In this review, we present the state of the art knowledge on the functional aspects of the key players involved in the amyloid hypothesis. Furthermore, we also discuss anti-amyloid agents present in the Phase III clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Vijayan
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Remya Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Thalassery Campus, Kannur University, Kerala Pin 670 661, India
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Bukke VN, Villani R, Archana M, Wawrzyniak A, Balawender K, Orkisz S, Ferraro L, Serviddio G, Cassano T. The Glucose Metabolic Pathway as A Potential Target for Therapeutics: Crucial Role of Glycosylation in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207739. [PMID: 33086751 PMCID: PMC7589651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose uptake in the brain decreases because of normal aging but this decline is accelerated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. In fact, positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown that metabolic reductions in AD patients occur decades before the onset of symptoms, suggesting that metabolic deficits may be an upstream event in at least some late-onset cases. A decrease in availability of glucose content induces a considerable impairment/downregulation of glycosylation, which is an important post-translational modification. Glycosylation is an important and highly regulated mechanism of secondary protein processing within cells and it plays a crucial role in modulating stability of proteins, as carbohydrates are important in achieving the proper three-dimensional conformation of glycoproteins. Moreover, glycosylation acts as a metabolic sensor that links glucose metabolism to normal neuronal functioning. All the proteins involved in β-amyloid (Aβ) precursor protein metabolism have been identified as candidates of glycosylation highlighting the possibility that Aβ metabolism could be regulated by their glycosylation. Within this framework, the present review aims to summarize the current understanding on the role of glycosylation in the etiopathology of AD, emphasizing the idea that glucose metabolic pathway may represent an alternative therapeutic option for targeting AD. From this perspective, the pharmacological modulation of glycosylation levels may represent a ‘sweet approach’ to treat AD targeting new mechanisms independent of the amyloid cascade and with comparable impacts in familial and sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyasagar Naik Bukke
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Villani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.V.); (M.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Moola Archana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.V.); (M.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Agata Wawrzyniak
- Morphological Science Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Faculty University of Rzeszów, 35-036 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.W.); (K.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Krzysztof Balawender
- Morphological Science Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Faculty University of Rzeszów, 35-036 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.W.); (K.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Stanislaw Orkisz
- Morphological Science Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Faculty University of Rzeszów, 35-036 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.W.); (K.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.V.); (M.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Thangavelu B, Wilfred BS, Johnson D, Gilsdorf JS, Shear DA, Boutté AM. Penetrating Ballistic-Like Brain Injury Leads to MicroRNA Dysregulation, BACE1 Upregulation, and Amyloid Precursor Protein Loss in Lesioned Rat Brain Tissues. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:915. [PMID: 33071724 PMCID: PMC7530327 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Yet, the molecular events involving dysregulated miRNAs that may be associated with protein degradation in the brain remains elusive. Quantitation of more than 800 miRNAs was conducted using rat ipsilateral coronal brain tissues collected 1, 3, or 7 days after penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI). As a control for each time-point, Sham-operated animals received craniotomy alone. Microarray and systems biology analysis indicated that the amplitude and complexity of miRNAs affected were greatest 7 day after PBBI. Arrays and Q-PCR inferred that dysregulation of miR-135a, miR-328, miR-29c, and miR-21 were associated with altered levels of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), PSEN1, PSEN2, and amyloid precursor protein (APP) genes. These events were followed by increased levels of mature BACE1 protein and concomitant loss of full length APP within 3–7 days, then elevation of amyloid beta (Aβ)-40 7 days after PBBI. This study indicates that miRNA arrays, coupled with systems biology, may be used to guide study design prior validation of miRNA dysregulation. Associative analysis of miRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins within a proposed pathway are poised for further validation as biomarkers and therapeutic targets relevant to TBI-induced APP loss and subsequent Aβ peptide generation during neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharani Thangavelu
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Bernard S Wilfred
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Area Laboratory Services, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany
| | - Janice S Gilsdorf
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Deborah A Shear
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Angela M Boutté
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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22
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Ovsepian SV, Horacek J, O'Leary VB, Hoschl C. The Ups and Downs of BACE1: Walking a Fine Line between Neurocognitive and Other Psychiatric Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroscientist 2020; 27:222-234. [PMID: 32713260 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420940943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although neurocognitive deficit is the best-recognized indicator of Alzheimer's disease (AD), psychotic and other noncognitive symptoms are the prime cause of institutionalization. BACE1 is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of Aβ of AD, and one of the promising therapeutic targets in countering cognitive decline and amyloid pathology. Changes in BACE1 activity have also emerged to cause significant noncognitive neuropsychiatric symptoms and impairments of circadian rhythms, as evident from clinical trials and reports in transgenic models. In this study, we consider key characteristics of BACE1 with its contribution to neurocognitive deficit and other psychiatric symptoms of AD. We argue that a growing list of noncognitive mental impairments related to pharmacological modulation of BACE1 might present a major obstacle in clinical translation of emerging therapeutic leads targeting this protease. The adverse effects of BACE1 inhibition on mental health call for a revision of treatment strategies that assume indiscriminate inhibition of this key protease, and stress the need for further mechanistic and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saak V Ovsepian
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jiri Horacek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Valerie B O'Leary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cyril Hoschl
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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23
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Zhang Z, Li Y, He F, Cui Y, Zheng Y, Li R. Sex differences in circulating neuregulin1-β1 and β-secretase 1 expression in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 100:152176. [PMID: 32430144 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early-onset schizophrenia is a severe and rare form of schizophrenia that is clinically and neurobiologically continuous with the adult form of schizophrenia. Neuregulin1 (NRG1)-mediated signaling is crucial for early neurodevelopment, which exerts its function by limited β-secretase 1 (BACE1) proteolysis processing. However, circulating neuregulin1-β1 (NRG1-β1), an isoform of NRG1, and its cleavage enzyme BACE1 have not been studied in early-onset patients with schizophrenia. METHODS In this study, we collected plasma and clinical information from 71 young patients (7 ≤ age years ≤20) with schizophrenia and 53 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Immunoassay was used to test levels of circulating NRG1-β1 and BACE1 expression. We further analyzed the relationship of disease-onset age and gender with NRG1-β1 and BACE1 levels. RESULTS We found that circulating plasma levels of NRG1-β1 were significantly decreased in young patients with early-onset schizophrenia. In males with childhood onset schizophrenia (COS), NRG1-β1 was reduced and was inversely correlated with positive symptom of PANSS; moreover, these male patients with higher plasma BACE1 levels showed more severe general symptoms of PANSS and defective social functioning; whereas, no aforementioned results were found in adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS). Notably, young female patients with COS and AOS had no significant change in NRG1-β1 and BACE1, which demonstrated a sex-dependent effect in early-onset schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that decreased levels of NRG1-β1 and its cleavage enzyme BACE1 contribute to increased risk of etiology of schizophrenia. Synthetic biomarkers may have clinical applications for the early diagnosis of male COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fan He
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yonghua Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - Rena Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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24
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Jafari Z, Kolb BE, Mohajerani MH. Prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex and P50 gating in aging and alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 59:101028. [PMID: 32092463 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition plays a crucial role in many functional domains, such as cognition, emotion, and actions. Studies on cognitive aging demonstrate changes in inhibitory mechanisms are age- and pathology-related. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is the suppression of an acoustic startle reflex (ASR) to an intense stimulus when a weak prepulse stimulus precedes the startle stimulus. A reduction of PPI is thought to reflect dysfunction of sensorimotor gating which normally suppresses excessive behavioral responses to disruptive stimuli. Both human and rodent studies show age-dependent alterations of PPI of the ASR that are further compromised in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The auditory P50 gating, an index of repetition suppression, also is characterized as a putative electrophysiological biomarker of prodromal AD. This review provides the latest evidence of age- and AD-associated impairment of sensorimotor gating based upon both human and rodent studies, as well as the AD-related disruption of P50 gating in humans. It begins with a concise review of neural networks underlying PPI regulation. Then, evidence of age- and AD-related dysfunction of both PPI and P50 gating is discussed. The attentional/ emotional aspects of sensorimotor gating and the neurotransmitter mechanisms underpinning PPI and P50 gating are also reviewed. The review ends with conclusions and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jafari
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, T1K 3M4 AB, Canada; Department of Basic Sciences in Rehabilitation, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Bryan E Kolb
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, T1K 3M4 AB, Canada.
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, T1K 3M4 AB, Canada.
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25
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Lombardo S, Chiacchiaretta M, Tarr A, Kim W, Cao T, Sigal G, Rosahl TW, Xia W, Haydon PG, Kennedy ME, Tesco G. BACE1 partial deletion induces synaptic plasticity deficit in adult mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19877. [PMID: 31882662 PMCID: PMC6934620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACE1 is the first enzyme involved in APP processing, thus it is a strong therapeutic target candidate for Alzheimer's disease. The observation of deleterious phenotypes in BACE1 Knock-out (KO) mouse models (germline and conditional) raised some concerns on the safety and tolerability of BACE1 inhibition. Here, we have employed a tamoxifen inducible BACE1 conditional Knock-out (cKO) mouse model to achieve a controlled partial depletion of BACE1 in adult mice. Biochemical and behavioural characterization was performed at two time points: 4-5 months (young mice) and 12-13 months (aged mice). A ~50% to ~70% BACE1 protein reduction in hippocampus and cortex, respectively, induced a significant reduction of BACE1 substrates processing and decrease of Aβx-40 levels at both ages. Hippocampal axonal guidance and peripheral nerve myelination were not affected. Aged mice displayed a CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP) deficit that was not associated with memory impairment. Our findings indicate that numerous phenotypes observed in germline BACE1 KO reflect a fundamental role of BACE1 during development while other phenotypes, observed in adult cKO, may be absent when partially rather than completely deleting BACE1. However, we demonstrated that partial depletion of BACE1 still induces CA1 LTP impairment, supporting a role of BACE1 in synaptic plasticity in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Lombardo
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Martina Chiacchiaretta
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Andrew Tarr
- Circuits and Behaviour Core, Center for Neuroscience Research, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - WonHee Kim
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Tingyi Cao
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Griffin Sigal
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Thomas W Rosahl
- External In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Weiming Xia
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinic Center, Bedford Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Philip G Haydon
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | | | - Giuseppina Tesco
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA.
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26
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β-Secretase BACE1 Is Required for Normal Cochlear Function. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9013-9027. [PMID: 31527119 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0028-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase BACE1 initiates the production and accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid-β peptides, which is widely considered an essential pathogenic mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we report that BACE1 is essential for normal auditory function. Compared with wild-type littermates, BACE1-/- mice of either sex exhibit significant hearing deficits, as indicated by increased thresholds and reduced amplitudes in auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and decreased distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Immunohistochemistry revealed aberrant synaptic organization in the cochlea and hypomyelination of auditory nerve fibers as predominant neuropathological substrates of hearing loss in BACE1-/- mice. In particular, we found that fibers of spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) close to the organ of Corti are disorganized and abnormally swollen. BACE1 deficiency also engenders organization defects in the postsynaptic compartment of SGN fibers with ectopic overexpression of PSD95 far outside the synaptic region. During postnatal development, auditory fiber myelination in BACE1-/- mice lags behind dramatically and remains incomplete into adulthood. We relate the marked hypomyelination to the impaired processing of Neuregulin-1 when BACE1 is absent. To determine whether the cochlea of adult wild-type mice is susceptible to AD treatment-like suppression of BACE1, we administered the established BACE1 inhibitor NB-360 for 6 weeks. The drug suppressed BACE1 activity in the brain, but did not impair hearing performance and, upon neuropathological examination, did not produce the characteristic cochlear abnormalities of BACE1-/- mice. Together, these data strongly suggest that the hearing loss of BACE1 knock-out mice represents a developmental phenotype.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Given its crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), BACE1 is a prime pharmacological target for AD prevention and therapy. However, the safe and long-term administration of BACE1-inhibitors as envisioned in AD requires a comprehensive understanding of the various physiological functions of BACE1. Here, we report that BACE1 is essential for the processing of auditory signals in the inner ear, as BACE1-deficient mice exhibit significant hearing loss. We relate this deficit to impaired myelination and aberrant synapse formation in the cochlea, which manifest during postnatal development. By contrast, prolonged pharmacological suppression of BACE1 activity in adult wild-type mice did not reproduce the hearing deficit or the cochlear abnormalities of BACE1 null mice.
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27
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Saadipour K, Tiberi A, Lombardo S, Grajales E, Montroull L, Mañucat-Tan NB, LaFrancois J, Cammer M, Mathews PM, Scharfman HE, Liao FF, Friedman WJ, Zhou XF, Tesco G, Chao MV. Regulation of BACE1 expression after injury is linked to the p75 neurotrophin receptor. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 99:103395. [PMID: 31422108 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACE1 is a transmembrane aspartic protease that cleaves various substrates and it is required for normal brain function. BACE1 expression is high during early development, but it is reduced in adulthood. Under conditions of stress and injury, BACE1 levels are increased; however, the underlying mechanisms that drive BACE1 elevation are not well understood. One mechanism associated with brain injury is the activation of injurious p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75), which can trigger pathological signals. Here we report that within 72 h after controlled cortical impact (CCI) or laser injury, BACE1 and p75 are increased and tightly co-expressed in cortical neurons of mouse brain. Additionally, BACE1 is not up-regulated in p75 null mice in response to focal cortical injury, while p75 over-expression results in BACE1 augmentation in HEK-293 and SY5Y cell lines. A luciferase assay conducted in SY5Y cell line revealed that BACE1 expression is regulated at the transcriptional level in response to p75 transfection. Interestingly, this effect does not appear to be dependent upon p75 ligands including mature and pro-neurotrophins. In addition, BACE1 activity on amyloid precursor protein (APP) is enhanced in SY5Y-APP cells transfected with a p75 construct. Lastly, we found that the activation of c-jun n-terminal kinase (JNK) by p75 contributes to BACE1 up-regulation. This study explores how two injury-induced molecules are intimately connected and suggests a potential link between p75 signaling and the expression of BACE1 after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Saadipour
- Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA.
| | - Alexia Tiberi
- Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA; Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Sylvia Lombardo
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Elena Grajales
- Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Laura Montroull
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers Life Sciences Center, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Noralyn B Mañucat-Tan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - John LaFrancois
- The Nathan Kline Institute of Psychiatric Research, Center for Dementia Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Michael Cammer
- DART Microscopy Laboratory, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paul M Mathews
- The Nathan Kline Institute of Psychiatric Research, Center for Dementia Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Helen E Scharfman
- The Nathan Kline Institute of Psychiatric Research, Center for Dementia Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Francesca-Fang Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Wilma J Friedman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers Life Sciences Center, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Giueseppina Tesco
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Moses V Chao
- Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA.
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28
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Pellegatta M, Taveggia C. The Complex Work of Proteases and Secretases in Wallerian Degeneration: Beyond Neuregulin-1. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:93. [PMID: 30949030 PMCID: PMC6436609 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
After damage, axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) regenerate and regrow following a process termed Wallerian degeneration, but the regenerative process is often incomplete and usually the system does not reach full recovery. Key steps to the creation of a permissive environment for axonal regrowth are the trans-differentiation of Schwann cells and the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this review article, we will discuss how proteases and secretases promote effective regeneration and remyelination. We will detail how they control neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) activity at the post-translational level, as the concerted action of alpha, beta and gamma secretases cooperates to balance activating and inhibitory signals necessary for physiological myelination and remyelination. In addition, we will discuss the role of other proteases in nerve repair, among which A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinases (ADAMs) and gamma-secretases substrates. Moreover, we will present how matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and proteases of the blood coagulation cascade participate in forming newly synthetized myelin and in regulating axonal regeneration. Overall, we will highlight how a deeper comprehension of secretases and proteases mechanism of action in Wallerian degeneration might be useful to develop new therapies with the potential of readily and efficiently improve the regenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pellegatta
- Division of Neuroscience and INSPE at IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Taveggia
- Division of Neuroscience and INSPE at IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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29
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Youn K, Jun M. Biological Evaluation and Docking Analysis of Potent BACE1 Inhibitors from Boesenbergia rotunda. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030662. [PMID: 30893825 PMCID: PMC6471523 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive impairment of cognitive functions. Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme1 (BACE1) is essential for the formation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), a major constituent of amyloid plaques that represent a neuropathological hallmark of this disorder. To find alternative therapies for AD sourced from natural products, the present study focused on three flavonoids from Boesenbergia rotunda, namely, cardamonin, pinocembrin, and pinostrobin. Biological evaluation showed that cardamonin presented the strongest BACE1 inhibition, with an The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 4.35 ± 0.38 µM, followed by pinocembrin and pinostrobin with 27.01 ± 2.12 and 28.44 ± 1.96 µM, respectively. Kinetic studies indicated that the inhibitory constants (Ki) for cardamonin, pinocembrin, and pinostrobin against BACE1 were 5.1, 29.3, and 30.9 µM, respectively. Molecular docking studies showed that the tested compounds did not bind to the BACE1 active site, consistent with the biological results, illustrating non-competitive inhibitory activity for all three compounds. In addition, the lowest binding energy of the most proposed complexes of cardamonin, pinocembrin, and pinostrobin with BACE1 were -9.5, -7.9, and -7.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Overall, we provide the first evidence that these flavonoids from B. rotunda may be considered as promising AD preventative agents through inhibition of Aβ formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumju Youn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
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30
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Vnencak M, Schölvinck ML, Schwarzacher SW, Deller T, Willem M, Jedlicka P. Lack of β-amyloid cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) impairs long-term synaptic plasticity but enhances granule cell excitability and oscillatory activity in the dentate gyrus in vivo. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1279-1290. [PMID: 30701309 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACE1 is a β-secretase involved in the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The entorhinal cortex and the dentate gyrus are important for learning and memory, which are affected in the early stages of AD. Since BACE1 is a potential target for AD therapy, it is crucial to understand its physiological role in these brain regions. Here, we examined the function of BACE1 in the dentate gyrus. We show that loss of BACE1 in the dentate gyrus leads to increased granule cell excitability, indicated by enhanced efficiency of synaptic potentials to generate granule cell spikes. The increase in granule cell excitability was accompanied by prolonged paired-pulse inhibition, altered network gamma oscillations, and impaired synaptic plasticity at entorhinal-dentate synapses of the perforant path. In summary, this is the first detailed electrophysiological study of BACE1 deletion at the network level in vivo. The results suggest that BACE1 is important for normal dentate gyrus network function. This has implications for the use of BACE1 inhibitors as therapeutics for AD therapy, since BACE1 inhibition could similarly disrupt synaptic plasticity and excitability in the entorhinal-dentate circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Vnencak
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, PL 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
| | - Marieke L Schölvinck
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan W Schwarzacher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- BioMedical Center, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Jedlicka
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,ICAR3R-Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Rudolf-Buchheim-Str. 6, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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31
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Monteiro AFM, Viana JDO, Nayarisseri A, Zondegoumba EN, Mendonça Junior FJB, Scotti MT, Scotti L. Computational Studies Applied to Flavonoids against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7912765. [PMID: 30693065 PMCID: PMC6332933 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7912765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, are understood as occurring through genetic, cellular, and multifactor pathophysiological mechanisms. Several natural products such as flavonoids have been reported in the literature for having the capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier and slow the progression of such diseases. The present article reports on in silico enzymatic target studies and natural products as inhibitors for the treatment of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. In this study we evaluated 39 flavonoids using prediction of molecular properties and in silico docking studies, while comparing against 7 standard reference compounds: 4 for Parkinson's and 3 for Alzheimer's. Osiris analysis revealed that most of the flavonoids presented no toxicity and good absorption parameters. The Parkinson's docking results using selected flavonoids as compared to the standards with four proteins revealed similar binding energies, indicating that the compounds 8-prenylnaringenin, europinidin, epicatechin gallate, homoeriodictyol, capensinidin, and rosinidin are potential leads with the necessary pharmacological and structural properties to be drug candidates. The Alzheimer's docking results suggested that seven of the 39 flavonoids studied, being those with the best molecular docking results, presenting no toxicity risks, and having good absorption rates (8-prenylnaringenin, europinidin, epicatechin gallate, homoeriodictyol, aspalathin, butin, and norartocarpetin) for the targets analyzed, are the flavonoids which possess the most adequate pharmacological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex France M. Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Jéssika De O. Viana
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Anuraj Nayarisseri
- In Silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Bioscience, Inodre - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, LeGene Biosciences, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ernestine N. Zondegoumba
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Teaching and Research Management-University Hospital, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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32
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Consequences of Pharmacological BACE Inhibition on Synaptic Structure and Function. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:478-487. [PMID: 29945719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder among elderly persons. Overt accumulation and aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is thought to be the initial causative factor for Alzheimer's disease. Aβ is produced by sequential proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein. Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the initial and rate-limiting protease for the generation of Aβ. Therefore, inhibiting BACE1 is considered one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Currently, several drugs blocking this enzyme (BACE inhibitors) are being evaluated in clinical trials. However, high-dosage BACE-inhibitor treatment interferes with structural and functional synaptic plasticity in mice. These adverse side effects may mask the therapeutic benefit of lowering the Aβ concentration. In this review, we focus on the consequences of BACE inhibition-mediated synaptic deficits and the potential clinical implications.
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33
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Ou-Yang MH, Kurz JE, Nomura T, Popovic J, Rajapaksha TW, Dong H, Contractor A, Chetkovich DM, Tourtellotte WG, Vassar R. Axonal organization defects in the hippocampus of adult conditional BACE1 knockout mice. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaao5620. [PMID: 30232227 PMCID: PMC11017370 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao5620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
β-Site APP (amyloid precursor protein) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the β-secretase enzyme that initiates production of the toxic amyloid-β peptide that accumulates in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, BACE1 is a prime therapeutic target, and several BACE1 inhibitor drugs are currently being tested in clinical trials for AD. However, the safety of BACE1 inhibition is unclear. Germline BACE1 knockout mice have multiple neurological phenotypes, although these could arise from BACE1 deficiency during development. To address this question, we report that tamoxifen-inducible conditional BACE1 knockout mice in which the Bace1 gene was ablated in the adult largely lacked the phenotypes observed in germline BACE1 knockout mice. However, one BACE1-null phenotype was induced after Bace1 gene deletion in the adult mouse brain. This phenotype showed reduced length and disorganization of the hippocampal mossy fiber infrapyramidal bundle, the axonal pathway of dentate gyrus granule cells that is maintained by neurogenesis in the mouse brain. This defect in axonal organization correlated with reduced BACE1-mediated cleavage of the neural cell adhesion protein close homolog of L1 (CHL1), which has previously been associated with axon guidance. Although our results indicate that BACE1 inhibition in the adult mouse brain may avoid phenotypes associated with BACE1 deficiency during embryonic and postnatal development, they also suggest that BACE1 inhibitor drugs developed for treating AD may disrupt the organization of an axonal pathway in the hippocampus, an important structure for learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsuan Ou-Yang
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jonathan E Kurz
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Toshihiro Nomura
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jelena Popovic
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tharinda W Rajapaksha
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hongxin Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anis Contractor
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Dane M Chetkovich
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Warren G Tourtellotte
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Robert Vassar
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Blume T, Filser S, Jaworska A, Blain JF, Koenig G, Moschke K, Lichtenthaler SF, Herms J. BACE1 Inhibitor MK-8931 Alters Formation but Not Stability of Dendritic Spines. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:229. [PMID: 30093858 PMCID: PMC6070607 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-site amyloid-precursor-protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the rate limiting protease in the production of the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ), which is considered to be the causative agent in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Therefore, the therapeutic potential of pharmacological BACE1 inhibitors is currently tested in clinical trials for AD treatment. To ensure a positive clinical outcome it is crucial to identify and evaluate adverse effects associated with BACE1 inhibition. Preclinical studies show that chronic blockade of BACE1 activity alters synaptic functions and leads to loss of dendritic spines. To assess the mechanism of synapse loss, dendritic spine dynamics of pyramidal layer V cells were monitored by in vivo two-photon microscopy in the somatosensory cortex of mice, treated with the BACE1 inhibitor MK-8931. MK-8931 treatment significantly reduced levels of Aβ40 and density of dendritic spines in the brain. However, the steady decline in dendritic spine density specifically resulted from a diminished formation of new spines and not from a loss of stable spines. Furthermore, the described effects on spine formation were transient and recovered after inhibitor withdrawal. Since MK-8931 inhibition did not completely abolish spine formation, our findings suggest that carefully dosed inhibitors might be therapeutically effective without affecting the structural integrity of excitatory synapses if given at an early disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Blume
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HZ)-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Severin Filser
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HZ)-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Jaworska
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HZ)-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Katrin Moschke
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HZ)-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HZ)-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HZ)-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Zentrum für Neuropathologie und Prionforschung, Munich, Germany
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35
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Neural functions of bisecting GlcNAc. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:345-351. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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36
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Nafisi-Far N, Ghafouri-Fard S, Panah AST, Sayad A, Taheri M. A gender dimorphism in up-regulation of BACE1 gene expression in schizophrenia. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:933-937. [PMID: 29500546 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has long been considered as a devastating brain disorder in which both genetic and environmental factors are involved. The BACE1 gene is one of the most important susceptibility genes for this disorder. However, the changes in BACE1 expression in schizophrenic patients compared with healthy subjects have not been evaluated yet. In this case-control study, we examined BACE1 expression in a group of 50 patients with schizophrenia and 50 healthy controls. The level of BACE1 gene expression was measured using Real-Time PCR. Substantial increase in gene expression was detected in the patients compared with normal individuals (P = 0.001). Furthermore, a gender dimorphism was observed in BACE1 gene expression in the patients in a way that the male patients manifested a statistically significant higher levels of BACE1 expression (P = 0.002). BACE1 might be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Besides, BACE1 physiology may be gender -based at some levels. Our findings warrant an investigation of BACE1 gene in a larger number of cases and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Nafisi-Far
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arezou Sayad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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37
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Antibody-mediated stabilization of NRG1 induces behavioral and electrophysiological alterations in adult mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8239. [PMID: 29844389 PMCID: PMC5974084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is required for development of the central and peripheral nervous system and regulates neurotransmission in the adult. NRG1 and the gene encoding its receptor, ERBB4, are risk genes for schizophrenia, although how alterations in these genes disrupt their function has not been fully established. Studies of knockout and transgenic mice have yielded conflicting results, with both gain and loss of function resulting in similar behavioral and electrophysiological phenotypes. Here, we used high affinity antibodies to NRG1 and ErbB4 to perturb the function of the endogenous proteins in adult mice. Treatment with NRG1 antibodies that block receptor binding caused behavioral alterations associated with schizophrenia, including, hyper-locomotion and impaired pre-pulse inhibition of startle (PPI). Electrophysiological analysis of brain slices from anti-NRG1 treated mice revealed reduced synaptic transmission and enhanced paired-pulse facilitation. In contrast, mice treated with more potent ErbB4 function blocking antibodies did not display behavioral alterations, suggesting a receptor independent mechanism of the anti-NRG1-induced phenotypes. We demonstrate that anti-NRG1 causes accumulation of the full-length transmembrane protein and increases phospho-cofilin levels, which has previously been linked to impaired synaptic transmission, indicating enhancement of non-canonical NRG1 signaling could mediate the CNS effects.
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38
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Herber J, Njavro J, Feederle R, Schepers U, Müller UC, Bräse S, Müller SA, Lichtenthaler SF. Click Chemistry-mediated Biotinylation Reveals a Function for the Protease BACE1 in Modulating the Neuronal Surface Glycoproteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1487-1501. [PMID: 29716987 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell surface proteome is dynamic and has fundamental roles in cell signaling. Many surface membrane proteins are proteolytically released into a cell's secretome, where they can have additional functions in cell-cell-communication. Yet, it remains challenging to determine the surface proteome and to compare it to the cell secretome, under serum-containing cell culture conditions. Here, we set up and evaluated the 'surface-spanning protein enrichment with click sugars' (SUSPECS) method for cell surface membrane glycoprotein biotinylation, enrichment and label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. SUSPECS is based on click chemistry-mediated labeling of glycoproteins, is compatible with labeling of living cells and can be combined with secretome analyses in the same experiment. Immunofluorescence-based confocal microscopy demonstrated that SUSPECS selectively labeled cell surface proteins. Nearly 700 transmembrane glycoproteins were consistently identified at the surface of primary neurons. To demonstrate the utility of SUSPECS, we applied it to the protease BACE1, which is a key drug target in Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacological BACE1-inhibition selectively remodeled the neuronal surface glycoproteome, resulting in up to 7-fold increased abundance of the BACE1 substrates APP, APLP1, SEZ6, SEZ6L, CNTN2, and CHL1, whereas other substrates were not or only mildly affected. Interestingly, protein changes at the cell surface only partly correlated with changes in the secretome. Several altered proteins were validated by immunoblots in neurons and mouse brains. Apparent nonsubstrates, such as TSPAN6, were also increased, indicating that BACE1-inhibition may lead to unexpected secondary effects. In summary, SUSPECS is broadly useful for determination of the surface glycoproteome and its correlation with the secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Herber
- From the ‡German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,§Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jasenka Njavro
- From the ‡German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,§Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- From the ‡German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,¶Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,‖Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Monoclonal Antibody Research Group, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- **Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ulrike C Müller
- ‡‡Department of Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- **Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- From the ‡German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,§Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- From the ‡German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; .,§Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,¶Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,§§Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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39
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Avramopoulos D. Neuregulin 3 and its roles in schizophrenia risk and presentation. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:257-266. [PMID: 28556469 PMCID: PMC5735014 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulins, a four-member family of epidermal growth factor-like signaling molecules, have been studied for over two decades. They were first implicated in schizophrenia in 2002 with the detection of linkage and association at the NRG1 locus followed after a few years by NRG3. However, the associations with disease have not been very consistently observed. In contrast, association of NGR3 variants with disease presentation, specifically the presence of delusions, has been more consistent. This appears to be mediated by quantitative changes in the alternative splicing of the gene, which has also been consistently observed. Additional diseases and phenotypes, psychiatric or not, have also been connected with NRG3. These results demonstrate two important aspects of behavioral genetics research. The first is that if we only consider simple risk and fail to examine the details of each patient's individual phenotype, we will miss important insights on the disease biology. This is an important aspect of the goals of precision medicine. The second is that the functional consequences of variants are often more complex than simple alterations in levels of transcription of a particular gene, including, among others, regulation of alternative splicing. To accurately model and understand the biological consequences of phenotype-associated genetic variants, we need to study the biological consequences of each specific variant. Simply studying the consequences of a null allele of the orthologous gene in a model system, runs the risk of missing the many nuances of hypomorphic and/or gain of function variants in the genome of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Johns Hopkins University, Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 733 North Broadway - MRB room 507, Baltimore MD 21205
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40
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Beta-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 Inhibition Impairs Synaptic Plasticity via Seizure Protein 6. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:428-437. [PMID: 28129943 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a promising drug target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Prolonged BACE1 inhibition interferes with structural and functional synaptic plasticity in mice, most likely by altering the metabolism of BACE1 substrates. Seizure protein 6 (SEZ6) is predominantly cleaved by BACE1, and Sez6 knockout mice share some phenotypes with BACE1 inhibitor-treated mice. We investigated whether SEZ6 is involved in BACE1 inhibition-induced structural and functional synaptic alterations. METHODS The function of NB-360, a novel blood-brain barrier penetrant and orally available BACE1 inhibitor, was verified by immunoblotting. In vivo microscopy was applied to monitor the impact of long-term pharmacological BACE1 inhibition on dendritic spines in the cerebral cortex of constitutive and conditional Sez6 knockout mice. Finally, synaptic functions were characterized using electrophysiological field recordings in hippocampal slices. RESULTS BACE1 enzymatic activity was strongly suppressed by NB-360. Prolonged NB-360 treatment caused a reversible spine density reduction in wild-type mice, but it did not affect Sez6-/- mice. Knocking out Sez6 in a small subset of mature neurons also prevented the structural postsynaptic changes induced by BACE1 inhibition. Hippocampal long-term potentiation was decreased in both chronic BACE1 inhibitor-treated wild-type mice and vehicle-treated Sez6-/- mice. However, chronic NB-360 treatment did not alter long-term potentiation in CA1 neurons of Sez6-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SEZ6 plays an important role in maintaining normal dendritic spine dynamics. Furthermore, SEZ6 is involved in BACE1 inhibition-induced structural and functional synaptic alterations.
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41
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Kamikubo Y, Takasugi N, Niisato K, Hashimoto Y, Sakurai T. Consecutive Analysis of BACE1 Function on Developing and Developed Neuronal Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 56:641-653. [PMID: 28035928 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) is cleaved by a transmembrane protease termed β-site AβPP cleavage enzyme (BACE1), which is being explored as a target for therapy and prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although genetic deletion of BACE1 results in abolished amyloid pathology in AD model mice, it also results in neurodevelopmental phenotypes such as hypomyelination and synaptic loss, observed in schizophrenia and autism-like phenotype. These lines of evidence indicate that the inhibition of BACE1 causes adverse side effects during the neurodevelopmental stage. However, the effects of the inhibition of BACE1 activity on already developed neurons remain unclear. Here, we utilized hippocampal slice cultures as an ex vivo model that enabled continuous and long-term analysis for the effect of BACE1 inhibition on neuronal circuits and synapses. Temporal changes in synaptic proteins in hippocampal slices indicated acute synaptic loss, followed by synapse formation and maintenance phases. Long-term BACE1 inhibition in the neurodevelopmental stage caused the loss of synaptic proteins but failed to alter synaptic proteins in the already developed maintenance stage. These data indicate that BACE1 function on synapses is dependent on synaptic developmental stages, and our study provides a useful model to observe the long-term effect of BACE1 activity in the brain, and to evaluate adverse effects of BACE inhibitors.
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42
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Guo X, Zhang Y, Du J, Yang H, Ma Y, Li J, Yan M, Jin T, Liu X. Association analysis of ANK3 gene variants with schizophrenia in a northern Chinese Han population. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85888-85894. [PMID: 27811378 PMCID: PMC5349882 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic, severely debilitating mental disorder. Many studies have suggested that genetic factors play an important role in the onset and development of schizophrenia. In our study, we conducted a case-control study in a northern Chinese Han population of 499 schizophrenia patients and 500 controls to investigate the effect of variant genotypes of 13 SNPs in ANK3 on schizophrenia risk. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using the chi-squared test, genetic model analysis, and haplotype analysis. Four ANK3 SNPs were associated with schizophrenia risk. The minor allele of rs958852 in ANK3 was associated with a 0.75-fold reduction in schizophrenia risk in an allelic model. In the genetic model, rs958852 was associated with a reduced schizophrenia risk, and rs10994336, rs10994338 and rs4948418 were associated with an increased schizophrenia risk (rs10994336, OR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.01–3.94, p = 0.047; rs10994338, OR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.01–3.93, p = 0.047; rs4948418, OR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.01–3.94, p = 0.047). In addition, haplotype “TTC” of ANK3 was associated with a 0.73-fold reduced schizophrenia risk (95%CI: 0.54–0.99; p = 0.044). To our knowledge, this is the first to report of an association between ANK3 rs10994336, rs10994338, rs4948418 and rs958852 and schizophrenia risk in a northern Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Guo
- Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jieli Du
- Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yini Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jingjie Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Mengdan Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Xianyang Liu
- Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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43
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Voytyuk I, De Strooper B, Chávez-Gutiérrez L. Modulation of γ- and β-Secretases as Early Prevention Against Alzheimer's Disease. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:320-327. [PMID: 28918941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The genetic evidence implicating amyloid-β in the initial stage of Alzheimer's disease is unequivocal. However, the long biochemical and cellular prodromal phases of the disease suggest that dementia is the result of a series of molecular and cellular cascades whose nature and connections remain unknown. Therefore, it is unlikely that treatments directed at amyloid-β will have major clinical effects in the later stages of the disease. We discuss the two major candidate therapeutic targets to lower amyloid-β in a preventive mode, i.e., γ- and β-secretase; the rationale behind these two targets; and the current state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Voytyuk
- KU Leuven Department for Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- KU Leuven Department for Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Lucía Chávez-Gutiérrez
- KU Leuven Department for Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
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44
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Li C, Tao H, Yang X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Tang Y, Tang A. Assessment of a combination of Serum Proteins as potential biomarkers to clinically predict Schizophrenia. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:900-906. [PMID: 30008602 PMCID: PMC6036096 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.24346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a devastating psychiatric disorder. Validation of potential serum biomarkers during first-episode psychosis (FEP) is especially helpful to understand the onset and prognosis of this disorder. To address this question, we examined multiple blood biomarkers and assessed the efficacy to diagnose SZ. The expression levels of Neuregulin1 (NRG1), ErbB4, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), DNA methyltransferases 1 (DNMT1) and ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) proteins in peripheral blood of 53 FEP patients and 57 healthy controls were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multivariable logistic regression including biomarker concentration as covariates was used to predict SZ. Differentiating performance of these five serum protein levels was analyzed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. We found that patients with SZ present a higher concentration of DNMT1, and TET1 in peripheral blood, but a lower concentration of NRG1, ErbB4 and BDNF than controls. Multivariable logistic regression showed that ErbB4, BDNF and TET1 were independent predictors of SZ, and when combined, provided high diagnostic accuracy for SZ. Together, our findings highlight that altered expression of NRG1, ErbB4, BDNF, DNMT1 and TET1 are involved in schizophrenia development and they may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of the schizophrenia. Therefore, our study provides evidence that combination of ErbB4, BDNF and TET1 biomarkers could greatly improve the diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunyan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The first affiliated hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Huai Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Xiudeng Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University & Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China; China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya) & China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University & Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China; China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya) & China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Aiguo Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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45
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Sun J, Roy S. The physical approximation of APP and BACE-1: A key event in alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 78:340-347. [PMID: 29106038 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of insoluble deposits of Amyloid β (Aβ) in brains. Aβ is derived by sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-site secretase enzyme (BACE-1) and γ-secretase. Proteolytic processing of APP by BACE-1 is the rate-limiting step in Aβ production, and this pathway is a prime target for AD drug development. Both APP and BACE-1 are membrane-spanning proteins, transported via secretory and endocytic pathways; and the physical interaction of APP and BACE-1 during trafficking is a key cell biological event initiating the amyloidogenic pathway. Here, we highlight recent research on intracellular trafficking/sorting of APP and BACE-1, and discuss how dysregulation of these pathways might lead to enhanced convergence of APP and BACE-1, and subsequent β-cleavage of APP. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 340-347, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - Subhojit Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
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46
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BACE1 Function and Inhibition: Implications of Intervention in the Amyloid Pathway of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101723. [PMID: 29027981 PMCID: PMC6151801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by increasing loss in memory, cognition, and function of daily living. Among the many pathologic events observed in the progression of AD, changes in amyloid β peptide (Aβ) metabolism proceed fastest, and precede clinical symptoms. BACE1 (β-secretase 1) catalyzes the initial cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein to generate Aβ. Therefore inhibition of BACE1 activity could block one of the earliest pathologic events in AD. However, therapeutic BACE1 inhibition to block Aβ production may need to be balanced with possible effects that might result from diminished physiologic functions BACE1, in particular processing of substrates involved in neuronal function of the brain and periphery. Potentials for beneficial or consequential effects resulting from pharmacologic inhibition of BACE1 are reviewed in context of ongoing clinical trials testing the effect of BACE1 candidate inhibitor drugs in AD populations.
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47
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Kizuka Y, Kitazume S, Taniguchi N. N -glycan and Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2447-2454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Tallon C, Farah MH. Beta secretase activity in peripheral nerve regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1565-1574. [PMID: 29171411 PMCID: PMC5696827 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.217319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the peripheral nervous system has the capacity to regenerate following a nerve injury, it is often at a slow rate and results in unsatisfactory recovery, leaving patients with reduced function. Many regeneration associated genes have been identified over the years, which may shed some insight into how we can manipulate this intrinsic regenerative ability to enhance repair following peripheral nerve injuries. Our lab has identified the membrane bound protease beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), or beta secretase, as a potential negative regulator of peripheral nerve regeneration. When beta secretase activity levels are abolished via a null mutation in mice, peripheral regeneration is enhanced following a sciatic nerve crush injury. Conversely, when activity levels are greatly increased by overexpressing beta secretase in mice, nerve regeneration and functional recovery are impaired after a sciatic nerve crush injury. In addition to our work, many substrates of beta secretase have been found to be involved in regulating neurite outgrowth and some have even been identified as regeneration associated genes. In this review, we set out to discuss BACE1 and its substrates with respect to axonal regeneration and speculate on the possibility of utilizing BACE1 inhibitors to enhance regeneration following acute nerve injury and potential uses in peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Tallon
- Department of Neurology at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohamed H. Farah
- Department of Neurology at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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49
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Marchisella E, Wijnands R, Koopmans B, Spijker S, Loos M. Constitutive loss and acute pharmacological manipulation of ErbB4 signaling do not affect attention and inhibitory control in mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 17:56-69. [PMID: 28792672 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB4 and its ligand trophic factors of the neuregulin (NRG) family have been associated with schizophrenia and other mental disorders in human genetic studies. In vivo studies in mice have shown how abnormal Nrg-ErbB4 signaling leads to deviant behaviors relevant to distinct aspects of schizophrenia, including hyperactivity, sensory gating deficits, working and spatial memory deficits and impaired social behavior. However, so far little is known on the role of ErbB4 in attention and inhibitory control, two aspects of executive functions that are impaired in schizophrenia. Here we investigated the effects of constitutive loss of ErbB4 in the central nervous system of mice on performance in a 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) assessing attention and inhibitory control. In this task, ErbB4-/- mice did not show deficits in various parameters of attention, and premature responses as measure of inhibitory control. Nonetheless, ErbB4-/- mice recapitulated a specific set of behavioral phenotypes associated with schizophrenia, including a deficit in spatial learning and memory in the Barnes Maze and in contextual fear learning, and a trend for a deficit in sensorimotor gating. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of acute pharmacological inhibition of ErbB tyrosine kinase receptor using the pan-ErbB kinase inhibitor JNJ-28871063 (JNJ), in an automated version of the 5CSRTT. JNJ did not affect attention and inhibitory control. In conclusion, our data suggest no direct involvement of a classical Nrg-ErbB4 pathway in attention and inhibitory control in mice, while it confirms the involvement of this pathway in other domains relevant to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - S Spijker
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan, The Netherlands
| | - M Loos
- Sylics (Synaptologics B.V.), Amsterdam.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan, The Netherlands
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50
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Zhang Z, Huang J, Shen Y, Li R. BACE1-Dependent Neuregulin-1 Signaling: An Implication for Schizophrenia. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:302. [PMID: 28993723 PMCID: PMC5622153 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of about 1% in the general population. Recent studies have shown that Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) is a candidate gene for schizophrenia. At least 15 alternative splicing of NRG1 isoforms all contain an extracellular epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain, which is sufficient for Nrg1 biological activity including the formation of myelin sheaths and the regulation of synaptic plasticity. It is known that Nrg1 can be cleaved by β-secretase (BACE1) and the resulting N-terminal fragment (Nrg1-ntf) binds to receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB4, which activates Nrg1/ErbB4 signaling. While changes in Nrg1 expression levels in schizophrenia still remain controversial, understanding the BACE1-cleaved Nrg1-ntf and Nrg1/ErbB4 signaling in schizophrenia neuropathogenesis is essential and important. In this review paper, we included three major parts: (1) Nrg1 structure and cleavage pattern by BACE1; (2) BACE1-dependent Nrg1 cleavage associated with schizophrenia in human studies; and (3) Animal studies of Nrg1 and BACE1 mutations with behavioral observations. Our review will provide a better understanding of Nrg1 in schizophrenia and a potential strategy for using BACE1 cleavage of Nrg1 as a unique biomarker for diagnosis, as well as a new therapeutic target, of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei, China.,Center for Therapeutic Strategies for Brain Disorders, Roskamp Institute, SarasotaFL, United States.,Center for Hormone Advanced Science and Education, Roskamp Institute, SarasotaFL, United States
| | - Rena Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Center for Therapeutic Strategies for Brain Disorders, Roskamp Institute, SarasotaFL, United States.,Center for Hormone Advanced Science and Education, Roskamp Institute, SarasotaFL, United States.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
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