1
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Fu L, Zhao Z, Zhao S, Zhang M, Teng X, Wang L, Yang T. The involvement of aquaporin 5 in the inflammatory response of primary Sjogren's syndrome dry eye: potential therapeutic targets exploration. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1439888. [PMID: 39376655 PMCID: PMC11456562 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1439888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Mainly due to the infiltration of lymphoplasmic cells into the exocrine glands, especially the salivary glands and lacrimal glands, resulting in reduced tear and saliva secretion. Reduced tear flow can trigger Sjogren's syndrome dry eye (SSDE). Although the pathophysiology of SSDE xerosis remains incompletely understood, recent advances have identified aquaporin-5 (AQP5) as a critical factor in dysregulation of the exocrine gland and epithelium, influencing the clinical presentation of SSDE through modulation of inflammatory microenvironment and tear secretion processes. This review aims to explore AQP5 regulatory mechanisms in SSDE and analyze its potential as a therapeutic target, providing new directions for SSDE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Fu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zihang Zhao
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Teng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tiansong Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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2
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Yamamoto E, Joo K, Lee J, Sansom MSP, Yasui M. Molecular mechanism of anion permeation through aquaporin 6. Biophys J 2024; 123:2496-2505. [PMID: 38894539 PMCID: PMC11365104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are recognized as transmembrane water channels that facilitate selective water permeation through their monomeric pores. Among the AQP family, AQP6 has an intriguing characteristic as an anion channel, which is allosterically controlled by pH conditions and is eliminated by a single amino acid mutation. However, the molecular mechanism of anion permeation through AQP6 remains unclear. Using molecular dynamics simulations in the presence of a transmembrane voltage utilizing an ion concentration gradient, we show that chloride ions permeate through the pore corresponding to the central axis of the AQP6 homotetramer. Under low pH conditions, a subtle opening of the hydrophobic selectivity filter (SF), located near the extracellular part of the central pore, becomes wetted and enables anion permeation. Our simulations also indicate that a single mutation (N63G) in human AQP6, located at the central pore, significantly reduces anion conduction, consistent with experimental data. Moreover, we demonstrate that the pH-sensing mechanism in which the protonation of H184 and H189 under low pH conditions allosterically triggers the gating of the SF region. These results suggest a unique pH-dependent allosteric anion permeation mechanism in AQP6 and could clarify the role of the central pore in some of the AQP tetramers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yamamoto
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Keehyoung Joo
- Center for Advanced Computation, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jooyoung Lee
- School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Masato Yasui
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Okochi Y, Jinno Y, Okamura Y. Dimerization is required for the glycosylation of S1-S2 linker of sea urchin voltage-gated proton channel Hv1. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00493-4. [PMID: 39086135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Multimerization of ion channels is essential for establishing the ion-selective pathway and tuning the gating regulated by membrane potential, second messengers, and temperature. Voltage-gated proton channel, Hv1, consists of voltage-sensor domain and coiled-coil domain. Hv1 forms dimer, whereas voltage-dependent channel activity is self-contained in monomer unlike many ion channels, which assemble to form ion-conductive pathways among multiple subunits. Dimerization of Hv1 is necessary for cooperative gating, but other roles of dimerization in physiological aspects are still largely unclear. In this study, we show that dimerization of Hv1 takes place in ER. Sea urchin Hv1 (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Hv1: SpHv1) was glycosylated in the consensus sequence for N-linked glycosylation within the S1-S2 extracellular loop. However, glycosylation was not observed in the monomeric SpHv1 that lacks the coiled-coil domain. A version of mHv1 in which the S1-S2 loop was replaced by that of SpHv1 showed glycosylation and its monomeric form was not glycosylated. Tandem dimer of monomeric SpHv1 underwent glycosylation, suggesting that dimerization of Hv1 is required for glycosylation. Moreover, when monomeric Hv1 has a dilysine motif in the C-terminal end, which is known to act as a retrieval signal from Golgi to ER, prolonging the time of residency in ER, it was glycosylated. Overall, our results suggest that monomeric SpHv1 does not stay long in ER, thereby escaping glycosylation, while the dimerization causes the proteins to stay longer in ER. Thus, the findings highlight the novel significance of dimerization of Hv1: regulation of biogenesis and maturation of the proteins in intracellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Okochi
- Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| | - Yuka Jinno
- Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okamura
- Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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4
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Strandberg H, Hagströmer CJ, Werin B, Wendler M, Johanson U, Törnroth-Horsefield S. Structural Basis for the Interaction between the Ezrin FERM-Domain and Human Aquaporins. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7672. [PMID: 39062914 PMCID: PMC11277499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (ERM) family of proteins act as cross-linkers between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. This mechanism plays an essential role in processes related to membrane remodeling and organization, such as cell polarization, morphogenesis and adhesion, as well as in membrane protein trafficking and signaling pathways. For several human aquaporin (AQP) isoforms, an interaction between the ezrin band Four-point-one, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin (FERM)-domain and the AQP C-terminus has been demonstrated, and this is believed to be important for AQP localization in the plasma membrane. Here, we investigate the structural basis for the interaction between ezrin and two human AQPs: AQP2 and AQP5. Using microscale thermophoresis, we show that full-length AQP2 and AQP5 as well as peptides corresponding to their C-termini interact with the ezrin FERM-domain with affinities in the low micromolar range. Modelling of the AQP2 and AQP5 FERM complexes using ColabFold reveals a common mode of binding in which the proximal and distal parts of the AQP C-termini bind simultaneously to distinct binding sites of FERM. While the interaction at each site closely resembles other FERM-complexes, the concurrent interaction with both sites has only been observed in the complex between moesin and its C-terminus which causes auto-inhibition. The proposed interaction between AQP2/AQP5 and FERM thus represents a novel binding mode for extrinsic ERM-interacting partners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Susanna Törnroth-Horsefield
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (H.S.); (C.J.H.); (B.W.); (M.W.); (U.J.)
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5
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Jagemann L, Sciucca N, Bombardieri M, Corsiero E. Efficient generation of a stable CHO-K1 cell line overexpressing the human water channel aquaporin-5 as tool to generate therapeutic antibodies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15992. [PMID: 38987432 PMCID: PMC11237030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of water permeable channels expressed on the plasma membrane with AQP5 being the major channel expressed in several human tissues including salivary and lacrimal glands. Anti-AQP5 autoantibodies have been observed in patients with Sjögren's syndrome who are characterised by dryness of both salivary and lacrimal glands, and they have been implicated in the underlying mechanisms of glandular dysfunction. AQP5 is formed by six transmembrane helices linked with three extracellular and two intracellular loops. Develop antibodies against membrane protein extracellular loops can be a challenge due to the difficulty in maintaining these proteins as recombinant in their native form. Therefore, in this work we aimed to generate an efficient stable-transfected cell line overexpressing human AQP5 (CHO-K1/AQP5) to perform primarily cell-based phage display biopanning experiments to develop new potential recombinant antibodies targeting AQP5. We also showed that the new CHO-K1/AQP5 cell line can be used to study molecular mechanisms of AQP5 sub-cellular trafficking making these cells a useful tool for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Jagemann
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nia Sciucca
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Elisa Corsiero
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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6
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Azimi Mohammadabadi M, Moazzeni A, Jafarzadeh L, Faraji F, Mansourabadi AH, Safari E. Aquaporins in colorectal cancer: exploring their role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug response. Hum Cell 2024; 37:917-930. [PMID: 38806940 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are small, integral proteins facilitating water transport across plasma cell membranes in response to osmotic gradients. This family has 13 unique members (AQP0-12), which can also transport glycerol, urea, gases, and other salute small molecules. AQPs play a crucial role in the regulation of different cellular processes, including metabolism, migration, immunity, barrier function, and angiogenesis. These proteins are found to aberrantly overexpress in various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Growing evidence has explored AQPs as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in different cancers. However, there is no comprehensive review compiling the available information on the crucial role of AQPs in the context of colorectal cancer. This review highlights the significance of AQPs as the biomarker and regulator of tumor cells metabolism. In addition, the proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells related to AQPs expression as well as function are discussed. Understanding the AQPs prominent role in chemotherapy resistance is of great importance clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Azimi Mohammadabadi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Moazzeni
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Leila Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Faraji
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mansourabadi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Elahe Safari
- Breast Health & Cancer Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Bijelić A, Silovski T, Mlinarić M, Čipak Gašparović A. Peroxiporins in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Biomarker Potential and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6658. [PMID: 38928364 PMCID: PMC11203578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains one of the most challenging subtypes since it is initially characterized by the absence of specific biomarkers and corresponding targeted therapies. Advances in methodology, translational informatics, genomics, and proteomics have significantly contributed to the identification of therapeutic targets. The development of innovative treatments, such as antibody-drug conjugates and immune checkpoint inhibitors, alongside chemotherapy, has now become the standard of care. However, the quest for biomarkers defining therapy outcomes is still ongoing. Peroxiporins, which comprise a subgroup of aquaporins, which are membrane pores facilitating the transport of water, glycerol, and hydrogen peroxide, have emerged as potential biomarkers for therapy response. Research on peroxiporins reveals their involvement beyond traditional channeling activities, which is also reflected in their cellular localization and roles in cellular signaling pathways. This research on peroxiporins provides fresh insights into the mechanisms of therapy resistance in tumors, offering potential avenues for predicting treatment outcomes and tailoring successful TNBC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bijelić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Tajana Silovski
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Mlinarić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ana Čipak Gašparović
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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8
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Finn RN, Cerdà J. Genetic adaptations for the oceanic success of fish eggs. Trends Genet 2024; 40:540-554. [PMID: 38395683 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Genetic adaptations of organisms living in extreme environments are fundamental to our understanding of where life can evolve. Water is the single limiting parameter in this regard, yet when released in the oceans, the single-celled eggs of marine bony fishes (teleosts) have no means of acquiring it. They are strongly hyposmotic to seawater and lack osmoregulatory systems. Paradoxically, modern teleosts successfully release vast quantities of eggs in the extreme saline environment and recorded the most explosive radiation in vertebrate history. Here, we highlight key genetic adaptations that evolved to solve this paradox by filling the pre-ovulated eggs with water. The degree of water acquisition is uniquely prevalent to marine teleosts, permitting the survival and oceanic dispersal of their eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick Nigel Finn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
| | - Joan Cerdà
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; Institute of Marine Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Mom R, Réty S, Mocquet V, Auguin D. Deciphering Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Modulation of Human Aquaporins' Water Permeability by Zinc Cations: A Molecular Dynamics Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2267. [PMID: 38396944 PMCID: PMC10888569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) constitute a wide family of water channels implicated in all kind of physiological processes. Zinc is the second most abundant trace element in the human body and a few studies have highlighted regulation of AQP0 and AQP4 by zinc. In the present work, we addressed the putative regulation of AQPs by zinc cations in silico through molecular dynamics simulations of human AQP0, AQP2, AQP4, and AQP5. Our results align with other scales of study and several in vitro techniques, hence strengthening the reliability of this regulation by zinc. We also described two distinct putative molecular mechanisms associated with the increase or decrease in AQPs' water permeability after zinc binding. In association with other studies, our work will help deciphering the interaction networks existing between zinc and channel proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mom
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1293, 46 Allée d’Italie Site Jacques Monod, F-69007 Lyon, France; (S.R.); (V.M.)
- Research Group on Vestibular Pathophysiology, CNRS, Unit GDR2074, F-13331 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Réty
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1293, 46 Allée d’Italie Site Jacques Monod, F-69007 Lyon, France; (S.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincent Mocquet
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1293, 46 Allée d’Italie Site Jacques Monod, F-69007 Lyon, France; (S.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Daniel Auguin
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, Ecologie et Environnement (P2E), UPRES EA 1207/USC INRAE-1328, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Orléans, F-45067 Orléans, France
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10
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Huang P, Åbacka H, Wilson CJ, Wind ML, Rűtzler M, Hagström-Andersson A, Gourdon P, de Groot BL, Venskutonytė R, Lindkvist-Petersson K. Molecular basis for human aquaporin inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319682121. [PMID: 38319972 PMCID: PMC10873552 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319682121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer invasion and metastasis are known to be potentiated by the expression of aquaporins (AQPs). Likewise, the expression levels of AQPs have been shown to be prognostic for survival in patients and have a role in tumor growth, edema, angiogenesis, and tumor cell migration. Thus, AQPs are key players in cancer biology and potential targets for drug development. Here, we present the single-particle cryo-EM structure of human AQP7 at 3.2-Å resolution in complex with the specific inhibitor compound Z433927330. The structure in combination with MD simulations shows that the inhibitor binds to the endofacial side of AQP7. In addition, cancer cells treated with Z433927330 show reduced proliferation. The data presented here serve as a framework for the development of AQP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund22184, Sweden
| | - Hannah Åbacka
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund22184, Sweden
| | - Carter J. Wilson
- Computational Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Department of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077Gottingen, Germany
| | - Malene Lykke Wind
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Michael Rűtzler
- ApoGlyx, Lund22381, Sweden
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund22100, Sweden
| | - Anna Hagström-Andersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund22184, Sweden
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund22184, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Bert L. de Groot
- Computational Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Department of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077Gottingen, Germany
| | - Raminta Venskutonytė
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund22184, Sweden
- Lund Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-Ray Science, Lund22370, Sweden
| | - Karin Lindkvist-Petersson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund22184, Sweden
- Lund Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-Ray Science, Lund22370, Sweden
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11
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Spinozzi F, Barbosa LRS, Corucci G, Mariani P, Itri R. Small-angle scattering from flat bilayers containing correlated scattering length density inhomogeneities. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:1348-1360. [PMID: 37791360 PMCID: PMC10543680 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723006143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Model lipid bilayers have been widely employed as a minimal system to investigate the structural properties of biological membranes by small-angle X-ray (SAXS) and neutron scattering (SANS) techniques. These have nanometre resolution and can give information regarding membrane thickness and scattering length densities (SLDs) of polar and apolar regions. However, biological membranes are complex systems containing different lipids and protein species, in which lipid domains can be dynamically assembled and disassembled. Therefore, SLD variations can occur within the biomembrane. In this work, a novel method has been developed to simulate SAXS and SANS profiles obtained from large unilamellar vesicles containing SLD inhomogeneities that are spatially correlated over the membrane surface. Such inhomogeneities are represented by cylindrical entities with equivalent SLDs. Stacking of bilayers is also included in the model, with no correlation between horizontal and vertical order. The model is applied to a lipid bilayer containing SLD inhomogeneities representing pores, lipid domains, and transmembrane, partially immersed and anchored proteins. It is demonstrated that all the structural information from the host lipid bilayer and from the SLD inhomogeneity can be consistently retrieved by a combined analysis of experimental SAXS and SANS data through the methodology proposed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Spinozzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Leandro R. S. Barbosa
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giacomo Corucci
- Institut Laue–Langevin, Grenoble, France
- École Doctorale de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Héres, France
| | - Paolo Mariani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rosangela Itri
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Kamegawa A, Suzuki S, Suzuki H, Nishikawa K, Numoto N, Fujiyoshi Y. Structural analysis of the water channel AQP2 by single-particle cryo-EM. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107984. [PMID: 37315821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water channels, which are small membrane proteins almost entirely buried in lipid membranes, are challenging research targets for single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), a powerful technique routinely used to determine the structures of membrane proteins. Because the single-particle method enables structural analysis of a whole protein with flexible parts that interfere with crystallization, we have focused our efforts on analyzing water channel structures. Here, utilizing this system, we analyzed the structure of full-length aquaporin-2 (AQP2), a primary regulator of vasopressin-dependent reabsorption of water at the renal collecting ducts. The 2.9 Å resolution map revealed a cytoplasmic extension of the cryo-EM density that was presumed to be the highly flexible C-terminus at which the localization of AQP2 is regulated in the renal collecting duct cells. We also observed a continuous density along the common water pathway inside the channel pore and lipid-like molecules at the membrane interface. Observations of these constructions in the AQP2 structure analyzed without any fiducial markers (e.g., a rigidly bound antibody) indicate that single-particle cryo-EM will be useful for investigating water channels in native states as well as in complexes with chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kamegawa
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Laboratory (CeSPL), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shota Suzuki
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Laboratory (CeSPL), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Laboratory (CeSPL), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kouki Nishikawa
- Joint Research Course for Advanced Biomolecular Characterization, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Numoto
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiyoshi
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Laboratory (CeSPL), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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13
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Involvement of aquaporin 5 in Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103268. [PMID: 36621535 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with the pathological hallmark of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of exocrine glands - more specifically salivary and lacrimal glands - resulting in a diminished production of tears and saliva (sicca syndrome). The pathophysiology underscoring the mechanisms of the sicca symptoms in SS has still yet to be unraveled but recent advances have identified a cardinal role of aquaporin-5 (AQP5) as a key player in saliva secretion as well as salivary gland epithelial cell dysregulation. AQP5 expression and localization are significantly altered in salivary glands from patients and mice models of the disease, shedding light on a putative mechanism accounting for diminished salivary flow. Furthermore, aberrant expression and localization of AQP5 protein partners, such as prolactin-inducible protein and ezrin, may account for altered AQP5 localization in salivary glands from patients suffering from SS and are considered as new players in SS development. This review provides an overview of the role of AQP5 in SS salivary gland epithelial cell dysregulation, focusing on its trafficking and protein-protein interactions.
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14
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Bhend ME, Kempuraj D, Sinha NR, Gupta S, Mohan RR. Role of aquaporins in corneal healing post chemical injury. Exp Eye Res 2023; 228:109390. [PMID: 36696947 PMCID: PMC9975064 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane water channel proteins that regulate the movement of water through the plasma membrane in various tissues including cornea. The cornea is avascular and has specialized microcirculatory mechanisms for homeostasis. AQPs regulate corneal hydration and transparency for normal vision. Currently, there are 13 known isoforms of AQPs that can be subclassified as orthodox AQPs, aquaglyceroporins (AQGPs), or supraquaporins (SAQPs)/unorthodox AQPs. AQPs are implicated in keratocyte function, inflammation, edema, angiogenesis, microvessel proliferation, and the wound-healing process in the cornea. AQPs play an important role in wound healing by facilitating the movement of corneal stromal keratocytes by squeezing through tight stromal matrix and narrow extracellular spaces to the wound site. Deficiency of AQPs can cause reduced concentration of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) leading to reduced epithelial proliferation, reduced/impaired keratocyte migration, reduced number of keratocytes in the injury site, delayed and abnormal wound healing process. Dysregulated AQPs cause dysfunction in osmolar homeostasis as well as wound healing mechanisms. The cornea is a transparent avascular tissue that constitutes the anterior aspect of the outer covering of the eye and aids in two-thirds of visual light refraction. Being the outermost layer of the eye, the cornea is prone to injury. Of the 13 AQP isoforms, AQP1 is expressed in the stromal keratocytes and endothelial cells, and AQP3 and AQP5 are expressed in epithelial cells in the human cornea. AQPs can facilitate wound healing through aid in cellular migration, proliferation, migration, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and autophagy mechanism. Corneal wound healing post-chemical injury requires an integrative and coordinated activity of the epithelium, stromal keratocytes, endothelium, ECM, and a battery of cytokines and growth factors to restore corneal transparency. If the chemical injury is mild, the cornea will heal with normal clarity, but severe injuries can lead to partial and/or permanent loss of corneal functions. Currently, the role of AQPs in corneal wound healing is poorly understood in the context of chemical injury. This review discusses the current literature and the role of AQPs in corneal homeostasis, wound repair, and potential therapeutic target for acute and chronic corneal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline E Bhend
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Nishant R Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Suneel Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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15
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Cryo-EM structure supports a role of AQP7 as a junction protein. Nat Commun 2023; 14:600. [PMID: 36737436 PMCID: PMC9898259 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaglyceroporin 7 (AQP7) facilitates glycerol flux across the plasma membrane with a critical physiological role linked to metabolism, obesity, and associated diseases. Here, we present the single-particle cryo-EM structure of AQP7 determined at 2.55 Å resolution adopting two adhering tetramers, stabilized by extracellularly exposed loops, in a configuration like that of the well-characterized interaction of AQP0 tetramers. The central pore, in-between the four monomers, displays well-defined densities restricted by two leucine filters. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) results show that the AQP7 sample contains glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P), which is compatible with the identified features in the central pore. AQP7 is shown to be highly expressed in human pancreatic α- and β- cells suggesting that the identified AQP7 octamer assembly, in addition to its function as glycerol channel, may serve as junction proteins within the endocrine pancreas.
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16
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Aquaporins Display a Diversity in their Substrates. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:1-23. [PMID: 35986775 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins constitute a family of transmembrane proteins that function to transport water and other small solutes across the cell membrane. Aquaporins family members are found in diverse life forms. Aquaporins share the common structural fold consisting of six transmembrane alpha helices with a central water-transporting channel. Four such monomers assemble together to form tetramers as their biological unit. Initially, aquaporins were discovered as water-transporting channels, but several studies supported their involvement in mediating the facilitated diffusion of different solutes. The so-called water channel is able to transport a variety of substrates ranging from a neutral molecule to a charged molecule or a small molecule to a bulky molecule or even a gas molecule. This article gives an overview of a diverse range of substrates conducted by aquaporin family members. Prime focus is on human aquaporins where aquaporins show a wide tissue distribution and substrate specificity leading to various physiological functions. This review also highlights the structural mechanisms leading to the transport of water and glycerol. More research is needed to understand how one common fold enables the aquaporins to transport an array of solutes.
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17
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D’Agostino C, Parisis D, Chivasso C, Hajiabbas M, Soyfoo MS, Delporte C. Aquaporin-5 Dynamic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031889. [PMID: 36768212 PMCID: PMC9915196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-5 (AQP5), belonging to the aquaporins (AQPs) family of transmembrane water channels, facilitates osmotically driven water flux across biological membranes and the movement of hydrogen peroxide and CO2. Various mechanisms have been shown to dynamically regulate AQP5 expression, trafficking, and function. Besides fulfilling its primary water permeability function, AQP5 has been shown to regulate downstream effectors playing roles in various cellular processes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of the upstream and downstream effectors of AQP5 to gain an in-depth understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological processes involving AQP5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D’Agostino
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dorian Parisis
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Rheumatology Department, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Clara Chivasso
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maryam Hajiabbas
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Muhammad Shahnawaz Soyfoo
- Rheumatology Department, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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18
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Xiong M, Li C, Wang W, Yang B. Protein Structure and Modification of Aquaporins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:15-38. [PMID: 36717484 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) allow water molecules and other small, neutral solutes to quickly pass through membrane. The protein structures of AQPs solved by crystallographic methods or cryo-electron microscopy technology show that AQP monomer consists of six membrane-spanning alpha-helices that form the central water-transporting pore. AQP monomers assemble to form tetramers, forming the functional units in the membrane, to transport water or other small molecules. The biological functions of AQPs are regulated by posttranslational modifications, e.g., phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, subcellular distribution, degradation and protein interactions. Modifications of AQP combined with structural properties contribute to a better functional mechanism of AQPs. Insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for AQP modifications as well as gating and transport properties proved to be fundamental to the development of new therapeutic targets or reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Hypertension and Kidney Research, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Institute of Hypertension and Kidney Research, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Baoxue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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19
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Ebner JN, Ritz D, von Fumetti S. Thermal acclimation results in persistent phosphoproteome changes in the freshwater planarian Crenobia alpina (Tricladida: Planariidae). J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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20
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Ozu M, Alvear-Arias JJ, Fernandez M, Caviglia A, Peña-Pichicoi A, Carrillo C, Carmona E, Otero-Gonzalez A, Garate JA, Amodeo G, Gonzalez C. Aquaporin Gating: A New Twist to Unravel Permeation through Water Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12317. [PMID: 36293170 PMCID: PMC9604103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are small transmembrane tetrameric proteins that facilitate water, solute and gas exchange. Their presence has been extensively reported in the biological membranes of almost all living organisms. Although their discovery is much more recent than ion transport systems, different biophysical approaches have contributed to confirm that permeation through each monomer is consistent with closed and open states, introducing the term gating mechanism into the field. The study of AQPs in their native membrane or overexpressed in heterologous systems have experimentally demonstrated that water membrane permeability can be reversibly modified in response to specific modulators. For some regulation mechanisms, such as pH changes, evidence for gating is also supported by high-resolution structures of the water channel in different configurations as well as molecular dynamics simulation. Both experimental and simulation approaches sustain that the rearrangement of conserved residues contributes to occlude the cavity of the channel restricting water permeation. Interestingly, specific charged and conserved residues are present in the environment of the pore and, thus, the tetrameric structure can be subjected to alter the positions of these charges to sustain gating. Thus, is it possible to explore whether the displacement of these charges (gating current) leads to conformational changes? To our knowledge, this question has not yet been addressed at all. In this review, we intend to analyze the suitability of this proposal for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Ozu
- Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology, Faculty of Exact & Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1053, Argentina
- CONICET—Institute of Biodiversity and Experimental and Applied Biology CONICET (IBBEA), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1053, Argentina
| | - Juan José Alvear-Arias
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences of Valparaiso, University of Valparaiso, CINV, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Scientific and Technologic Center of Excellence of Science and Life, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Miguel Fernandez
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences of Valparaiso, University of Valparaiso, CINV, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Scientific and Technologic Center of Excellence of Science and Life, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Agustín Caviglia
- CONICET—Institute of Biodiversity and Experimental and Applied Biology CONICET (IBBEA), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1053, Argentina
| | - Antonio Peña-Pichicoi
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences of Valparaiso, University of Valparaiso, CINV, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Scientific and Technologic Center of Excellence of Science and Life, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Christian Carrillo
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences of Valparaiso, University of Valparaiso, CINV, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Scientific and Technologic Center of Excellence of Science and Life, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Emerson Carmona
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics Department and the Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Anselmo Otero-Gonzalez
- Center of Protein Study, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - José Antonio Garate
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences of Valparaiso, University of Valparaiso, CINV, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Scientific and Technologic Center of Excellence of Science and Life, Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of San Sebastian, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Gabriela Amodeo
- Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology, Faculty of Exact & Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1053, Argentina
- CONICET—Institute of Biodiversity and Experimental and Applied Biology CONICET (IBBEA), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1053, Argentina
| | - Carlos Gonzalez
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences of Valparaiso, University of Valparaiso, CINV, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Scientific and Technologic Center of Excellence of Science and Life, Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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21
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Charlestin V, Fulkerson D, Arias Matus CE, Walker ZT, Carthy K, Littlepage LE. Aquaporins: New players in breast cancer progression and treatment response. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988119. [PMID: 36212456 PMCID: PMC9532844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small transmembrane proteins that selectively transport water and other small molecules and ions following an osmotic gradient across cell plasma membranes. This enables them to regulate numerous functions including water homeostasis, fat metabolism, proliferation, migration, and adhesion. Previous structural and functional studies highlight a strong biological relationship between AQP protein expression, localization, and key biological functions in normal and cancer tissues, where aberrant AQP expression correlates with tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the roles of AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, and AQP7 in breast cancer progression and metastasis, including the role of AQPs in the tumor microenvironment, to highlight potential contributions of stromal-derived to epithelial-derived AQPs to breast cancer. Emerging evidence identifies AQPs as predictors of response to cancer therapy and as targets for increasing their sensitivity to treatment. However, these studies have not evaluated the requirements for protein structure on AQP function within the context of breast cancer. We also examine how AQPs contribute to a patient's response to cancer treatment, existing AQP inhibitors and how AQPs could serve as novel predictive biomarkers of therapy response in breast cancer. Future studies also should evaluate AQP redundancy and compensation as mechanisms used to overcome aberrant AQP function. This review highlights the need for additional research into how AQPs contribute molecularly to therapeutic resistance and by altering the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verodia Charlestin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Daniel Fulkerson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Carlos E. Arias Matus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Zachary T. Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Kevin Carthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Laurie E. Littlepage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
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22
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Gössweiner-Mohr N, Siligan C, Pluhackova K, Umlandt L, Koefler S, Trajkovska N, Horner A. The Hidden Intricacies of Aquaporins: Remarkable Details in a Common Structural Scaffold. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202056. [PMID: 35802902 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evolution turned aquaporins (AQPs) into the most efficient facilitators of passive water flow through cell membranes at no expense of solute discrimination. In spite of a plethora of solved AQP structures, many structural details remain hidden. Here, by combining extensive sequence- and structural-based analysis of a unique set of 20 non-redundant high-resolution structures and molecular dynamics simulations of four representatives, key aspects of AQP stability, gating, selectivity, pore geometry, and oligomerization, with a potential impact on channel functionality, are identified. The general view of AQPs possessing a continuous open water pore is challenged and it is depicted that AQPs' selectivity is not exclusively shaped by pore-lining residues but also by the relative arrangement of transmembrane helices. Moreover, this analysis reveals that hydrophobic interactions constitute the main determinant of protein thermal stability. Finally, a numbering scheme of the conserved AQP scaffold is established, facilitating direct comparison of, for example, disease-causing mutations and prediction of potential structural consequences. Additionally, the results pave the way for the design of optimized AQP water channels to be utilized in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Siligan
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, Linz, 4020, Austria
| | - Kristyna Pluhackova
- Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science, University of Stuttgart, Cluster of Excellence EXC 2075, Universitätsstr. 32, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Linnea Umlandt
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, Linz, 4020, Austria
| | - Sabina Koefler
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, Linz, 4020, Austria
| | - Natasha Trajkovska
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, Linz, 4020, Austria
| | - Andreas Horner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, Linz, 4020, Austria
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23
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Sharma L, Ye L, Yong C, Seetharaman R, Kho K, Surya W, Wang R, Torres J. Aquaporin-based membranes made by interfacial polymerization in hollow fibers: Visualization and role of aquaporin in water permeability. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Pimpão C, Wragg D, da Silva IV, Casini A, Soveral G. Aquaglyceroporin Modulators as Emergent Pharmacological Molecules for Human Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:845237. [PMID: 35187089 PMCID: PMC8850838 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.845237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaglyceroporins, a sub-class of aquaporins that facilitate the diffusion of water, glycerol and other small uncharged solutes across cell membranes, have been recognized for their important role in human physiology and their involvement in multiple disorders, mostly related to disturbed energy homeostasis. Aquaglyceroporins dysfunction in a variety of pathological conditions highlighted their targeting as novel therapeutic strategies, boosting the search for potent and selective modulators with pharmacological properties. The identification of selective inhibitors with potential clinical applications has been challenging, relying on accurate assays to measure membrane glycerol permeability and validate effective functional blockers. Additionally, biologicals such as hormones and natural compounds have been revealed as alternative strategies to modulate aquaglyceroporins via their gene and protein expression. This review summarizes the current knowledge of aquaglyceroporins’ involvement in several pathologies and the experimental approaches used to evaluate glycerol permeability and aquaglyceroporin modulation. In addition, we provide an update on aquaglyceroporins modulators reported to impact disease, unveiling aquaglyceroporin pharmacological targeting as a promising approach for innovative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Pimpão
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Darren Wragg
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Inês V. da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Angela Casini, ; Graça Soveral,
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Angela Casini, ; Graça Soveral,
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25
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Hirabayashi T, Shibato J, Kimura A, Yamashita M, Takenoya F, Shioda S. Potential Therapeutic Role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide for Dry Eye Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:664. [PMID: 35054857 PMCID: PMC8775530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is caused by a reduction in the volume or quality of tears. The prevalence of DED is estimated to be 100 million in the developed world. As aging is a risk factor for DED, the prevalence of DED is expected to grow at a rapid pace in aging populations, thus creating an increased need for new therapies. This review summarizes DED medications currently in clinical use. Most current medications for DED focus on stimulating tear secretion, mucin secretion, or suppressing inflammation, rather than simply replenishing the ocular surface with moisture to improve symptoms. We recently reported that the neuropeptide PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) induces tear secretion and suppresses corneal injury caused by a reduction in tears. Moreover, it has been reported that a PACAP in water and a 0.9% saline solution at +4 °C showed high stability and achieved 80-90% effectiveness after 2 weeks of treatment. These results reveal PACAP as a candidate DED medication. Further research on the clinical applications of PACAP in DED is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hirabayashi
- Clinical Medicine Research Laboratory, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48, Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0806, Japan
| | - Junko Shibato
- Clinical Medicine Research Laboratory, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48, Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0806, Japan
| | - Ai Kimura
- Clinical Medicine Research Laboratory, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48, Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0806, Japan
| | - Michio Yamashita
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Fumiko Takenoya
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48, Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0806, Japan
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C-Terminal Domain of Aquaporin-5 Is Required to Pass Its Protein Quality Control and Ensure Its Trafficking to Plasma Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413461. [PMID: 34948259 PMCID: PMC8707437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is selectively expressed in the apical membrane of exocrine glands, such as salivary, lacrimal, and submucosal glands. It is important for the secretory function of exocrine glands because mice with the knockout of AQP5 exhibit a significant reduction in secretion from these glands. Previous reports indicated that the AQP5 C-terminal domain is crucial for the localization of AQP5 at the plasma membrane, but it remains unclear which motif or amino acid residues in the C-terminal domain are essential for this. In this study, we examined the effects of various AQP5 C-terminal deletions or mutations on the expression of AQP5 on the cell surface. AQP5 C-terminal domain mutants did not localize on the plasma membrane, and Leu262 was shown to be crucial for AQP5′s plasma membrane localization. The mutants localized in the autophagosome or lysosome and showed decreased protein stability via lysosomal degradation. Taking these findings together, our study suggests that the C-terminal domain is required for AQP5 to pass protein quality control and be trafficked to the plasma membrane.
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Ashashi NA, Kumar M, ul Nisa Z, Frontera A, Sahoo SC, Sheikh HN. Solvothermal self assembly of three lanthanide(III)-succinates: Crystal structure, topological analysis and DFT calculations on water channel. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Chivasso C, Hagströmer CJ, Rose KL, Lhotellerie F, Leblanc L, Wang Z, Moscato S, Chevalier C, Zindy E, Martin M, Vanhollebeke B, Gregoire F, Bolaky N, Perret J, Baldini C, Soyfoo MS, Mattii L, Schey KL, Törnroth-Horsefield S, Delporte C. Ezrin Is a Novel Protein Partner of Aquaporin-5 in Human Salivary Glands and Shows Altered Expression and Cellular Localization in Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179213. [PMID: 34502121 PMCID: PMC8431299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an exocrinopathy characterized by the hypofunction of salivary glands (SGs). Aquaporin-5 (AQP5); a water channel involved in saliva formation; is aberrantly distributed in SS SG acini and contributes to glandular dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the role of ezrin in AQP5 mislocalization in SS SGs. The AQP5–ezrin interaction was assessed by immunoprecipitation and proteome analysis and by proximity ligation assay in immortalized human SG cells. We demonstrated, for the first time, an interaction between ezrin and AQP5. A model of the complex was derived by computer modeling and in silico docking; suggesting that AQP5 interacts with the ezrin FERM-domain via its C-terminus. The interaction was also investigated in human minor salivary gland (hMSG) acini from SS patients (SICCA-SS); showing that AQP5–ezrin complexes were absent or mislocalized to the basolateral side of SG acini rather than the apical region compared to controls (SICCA-NS). Furthermore, in SICCA-SS hMSG acinar cells, ezrin immunoreactivity was decreased at the acinar apical region and higher at basal or lateral regions, accounting for altered AQP5–ezrin co-localization. Our data reveal that AQP5–ezrin interactions in human SGs could be involved in the regulation of AQP5 trafficking and may contribute to AQP5-altered localization in SS patients
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Chivasso
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (F.G.); (N.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Carl Johan Hagströmer
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Kristie L. Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; (K.L.R.); (Z.W.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Florent Lhotellerie
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (F.G.); (N.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Lionel Leblanc
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (F.G.); (N.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; (K.L.R.); (Z.W.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Stefania Moscato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.M.); (C.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Clément Chevalier
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium; (C.C.); (E.Z.)
| | - Egor Zindy
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium; (C.C.); (E.Z.)
| | - Maud Martin
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium; (M.M.); (B.V.)
| | - Benoit Vanhollebeke
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium; (M.M.); (B.V.)
| | - Françoise Gregoire
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (F.G.); (N.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Nargis Bolaky
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (F.G.); (N.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Jason Perret
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (F.G.); (N.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Chiara Baldini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.M.); (C.B.); (L.M.)
| | | | - Letizia Mattii
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.M.); (C.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Kevin L. Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; (K.L.R.); (Z.W.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Susanna Törnroth-Horsefield
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (S.T.-H.); (C.D.)
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (F.G.); (N.B.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.T.-H.); (C.D.)
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Unraveling Human AQP5-PIP Molecular Interaction and Effect on AQP5 Salivary Glands Localization in SS Patients. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082108. [PMID: 34440877 PMCID: PMC8391295 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva secretion requires effective translocation of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) water channel to the salivary glands (SGs) acinar apical membrane. Patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) display abnormal AQP5 localization within acinar cells from SGs that correlate with sicca manifestation and glands hypofunction. Several proteins such as Prolactin-inducible protein (PIP) may regulate AQP5 trafficking as observed in lacrimal glands from mice. However, the role of the AQP5-PIP complex remains poorly understood. In the present study, we show that PIP interacts with AQP5 in vitro and in mice as well as in human SGs and that PIP misexpression correlates with an altered AQP5 distribution at the acinar apical membrane in PIP knockout mice and SS hMSG. Furthermore, our data show that the protein-protein interaction involves the AQP5 C-terminus and the N-terminal of PIP (one molecule of PIP per AQP5 tetramer). In conclusion, our findings highlight for the first time the role of PIP as a protein controlling AQP5 localization in human salivary glands but extend beyond due to the PIP-AQP5 interaction described in lung and breast cancers.
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Zhang L, Yao D, Xia Y, Zhou F, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Qin A, Zhao J, Li D, Li Y, Zhou L, Cao Y. The structural basis for glycerol permeation by human AQP7. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1550-1558. [PMID: 36654284 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human glycerol channel aquaporin 7 (AQP7) conducts glycerol release from adipocyte and enters the cells in pancreatic islets, muscles, and kidney tubules, and thus regulates glycerol metabolism in those tissues. Compared with other human aquaglyceroporins, AQP7 shows a less conserved "NPA" motif in the center cavity and a pair of aromatic residues at Ar/R selectivity filter. To understand the structural basis for the glycerol conductance, we crystallized the human AQP7 and determined the structure at 3.7 Å. A substrate binding pocket was found near the Ar/R filter where a glycerol molecule is bound and stabilized by R229. Glycerol uptake assay on human AQP7 as well as AQP3 and AQP10 demonstrated strong glycerol transportation activities at the physiological condition. The human AQP7 structure, in combination with the molecular dynamics simulation thereon, reveals a fully closed conformation with its permeation pathway strictly confined by the Ar/R filter at the exoplasmic side and the gate at the cytoplasmic side, and the binding of glycerol at the Ar/R filter plays a critical role in controlling the glycerol flux by driving the dislocation of the residues at narrowest parts of glycerol pathway in AQP7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Deqiang Yao
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China; iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Fu Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Dianfan Li
- CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yu Cao
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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31
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Rastmanesh R. Aquaporin5-Targeted Treatment for Dry Eye Through Bioactive Compounds and Gut Microbiota. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 37:464-471. [PMID: 34328795 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye and dry mouth are the principal sources of morbidity for patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). There are few effective treatments, particularly systemic ones. Targeting aquaprin-5 (AQP5)-mediated tear secretion has been tested as a novel ancillary strategy and has proved promising. Patients have a great interest in using complementary medicine, including nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds to alleviate their symptoms. Potential mechanisms by which phytocompounds and bioactive compounds may benefit SS ocular and mouth symptoms through modulation of AQP5 activity are presented within this review. Supplementation with prebiotics (such as polyphenols with high bioavailability) in SS patients with lower Firmicutes/Bacteroides (F/B) community ratio phenotype, through administration of butyrate-producing diets, is proposed as ancillary strategy for dry eye and mouth. The potential use of natural bioactive compounds to treat dry eye could also apply to dry mouth occurring in the context of aging and SS. This novel hypothesis could have implications with respect to planning a successful dietary regimen for achieving and maintaining a normal gut microbiota in SS patients. This regimen would include augmenting butyrate-producing foodstuffs and/or polyphenol-rich syrups, and high amounts of some specific probiotic-rich foodstuffs such as yogurt, soy yogurt, or as probiotic supplements. There are applications for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products aiming to relieve dry eye and mouth.
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32
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Tunes LG, Ascher DB, Pires DEV, Monte-Neto RL. The mutation G133D on Leishmania guyanensis AQP1 is highly destabilizing as revealed by molecular modeling and hypo-osmotic shock assay. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183682. [PMID: 34175297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Leishmania aquaglyceroporin 1 (AQP1) plays an important role in osmoregulation and antimony (Sb) uptake, being determinant for resistance to antimony. We have previously demonstrated that G133D mutation on L. guyanensis AQP1 (LgAQP1) leads to reduced Sb uptake. Here, we investigated the effects of G133D mutation on LgAQP1 structure, associated with Sb uptake and alterations in osmoregulation capacity. High confidence molecular models of wild-type LgAQP1 as well as the LgAQP1::G133D mutant were constructed and optimized via comparative homology modeling. Computational methods from the mCSM platform were used to evaluate the effects on protein stability and on its ability to bind to glycerol. Functional validation of the disruptive effect of the mutation on LgAQP1 was done by challenging the parasites with hypo-osmotic chock. Glycine 133 is on transmembrane helix 3, buried in the membrane in both open and closed conformation. G133D mutation was predicted to be highly destabilizing, as it alters the helical bundling arrangement in order to accommodate the aspartic acid side chain. The shift in helices also resulted in fewer favorable contacts with glycerol in the channel, which would explain the reduced affinity for similar small molecules as SbO3. Under hypo-osmotic condition, L. guyanensis AQP1G133D presented a 3-fold increase in cellular volume and pronounced delay to recover osmosis homeostasis when compared to the wild-type, a profile that was enhanced in LgAQP1-/- mutants. In conclusion, G133D is a highly disruptive mutation that will destabilize the monomer, compromise tetramer formation and alter pore conformation, leading to reduced Sb uptake and deficient osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza G Tunes
- Biotechnology Applied to Pathogens Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz Minas), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, MG, Brazil; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, 75390-8511 Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - David B Ascher
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Melbourne, Australia; Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, VIC 3004, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Douglas E V Pires
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Melbourne, Australia; Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, VIC 3004, Melbourne, Australia; School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Doug McDonell Building, VIC 3010, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Rubens L Monte-Neto
- Biotechnology Applied to Pathogens Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz Minas), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, MG, Brazil.
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33
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Bill RM, Hedfalk K. Aquaporins - Expression, purification and characterization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183650. [PMID: 34019902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin water channels facilitate the bi-directional flow of water and small, neutral solutes down an osmotic gradient in all kingdoms of life. Over the last two decades, the availability of high-quality protein has underpinned progress in the structural and functional characterization of these water channels. In particular, recombinant protein technology has guaranteed the supply of aquaporin samples that were of sufficient quality and quantity for further study. Here we review the features of successful expression, purification and characterization strategies that have underpinned these successes and that will drive further breakthroughs in the field. Overall, Escherichia coli is a suitable host for prokaryotic isoforms, while Pichia pastoris is the most commonly-used recombinant host for eukaryotic variants. Generally, a two-step purification procedure is suitable after solubilization in glucopyranosides and most structures are determined by X-ray following crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roslyn M Bill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Kristina Hedfalk
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Gothenburg University, Box 462, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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34
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Wang L, Huo D, Zhu H, Xu Q, Gao C, Chen W, Zhang Y. Deciphering the structure, function, expression and regulation of aquaporin-5 in cancer evolution. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:309. [PMID: 33732385 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the morbidity rate resulting from numerous types of malignant tumor has increased annually, and the treatment of tumors has been attracting an increasing amount of attention. A number of recent studies have revealed that the water channel protein aquaporin-5 (AQP5) has become a major player in multiple types of cancer. AQP5 is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumor tissues or cells and has multiple effects on certain biological functions of tumors, such as regulating the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of tumor cells. It has been suggested that AQP5 may play an important role in the process of tumor development, opening up a new field of tumor research. The present review highlighted the structure of AQP5 and its role in tumor progression. Furthermore, the expression of AQP5 in different malignant neoplasms was summarized. In addition, the influence of not only drugs, but also different compounds on AQP5 were summarized. In conclusion, according to the findings in the present review, AQP5 has potential as a novel therapeutic target in human cancer, and other AQPs should be similarly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Da Huo
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Chengpeng Gao
- Department of Respiratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Department of Science and Education, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
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35
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Tan CLJ, Torres J. Positive cooperativity in the activation of E. coli aquaporin Z by cardiolipin: Potential for lipid-based aquaporin modulators. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158899. [PMID: 33581256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cephas Li-Jie Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Jaume Torres
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore.
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36
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Yepes-Molina L, Bárzana G, Carvajal M. Controversial Regulation of Gene Expression and Protein Transduction of Aquaporins under Drought and Salinity Stress. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121662. [PMID: 33261103 PMCID: PMC7761296 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of the passage of water through membranes is one of the main mechanisms via which cells can maintain their homeostasis under stress conditions, and aquaporins are the main participants in this process. However, in the last few years, a number of studies have reported discrepancies between aquaporin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and the number of aquaporin proteins synthesised in response to abiotic stress. These observations suggest the existence of post-transcriptional mechanisms which regulate plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) trafficking to the plasma membrane. This indicates that the mRNA synthesis of some aquaporins could be modulated by the accumulation of the corresponding encoded protein, in relation to the turnover of the membranes. This aspect is discussed in terms of the results obtained: on the one hand, with isolated vesicles, in which the level of proteins present provides the membranes with important characteristics such as resistance and stability and, on the other, with isolated proteins reconstituted in artificial liposomes as an in vitro method to address the in vivo physiology of the entire plant.
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37
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Kitchen P, Salman MM, Halsey AM, Clarke-Bland C, MacDonald JA, Ishida H, Vogel HJ, Almutiri S, Logan A, Kreida S, Al-Jubair T, Winkel Missel J, Gourdon P, Törnroth-Horsefield S, Conner MT, Ahmed Z, Conner AC, Bill RM. Targeting Aquaporin-4 Subcellular Localization to Treat Central Nervous System Edema. Cell 2020; 181:784-799.e19. [PMID: 32413299 PMCID: PMC7242911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Swelling of the brain or spinal cord (CNS edema) affects millions of people every year. All potential pharmacological interventions have failed in clinical trials, meaning that symptom management is the only treatment option. The water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is expressed in astrocytes and mediates water flux across the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers. Here we show that AQP4 cell-surface abundance increases in response to hypoxia-induced cell swelling in a calmodulin-dependent manner. Calmodulin directly binds the AQP4 carboxyl terminus, causing a specific conformational change and driving AQP4 cell-surface localization. Inhibition of calmodulin in a rat spinal cord injury model with the licensed drug trifluoperazine inhibited AQP4 localization to the blood-spinal cord barrier, ablated CNS edema, and led to accelerated functional recovery compared with untreated animals. We propose that targeting the mechanism of calmodulin-mediated cell-surface localization of AQP4 is a viable strategy for development of CNS edema therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kitchen
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq
| | - Andrea M Halsey
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Charlotte Clarke-Bland
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Justin A MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Hiroaki Ishida
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Hans J Vogel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sharif Almutiri
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ann Logan
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stefan Kreida
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tamim Al-Jubair
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Julie Winkel Missel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, PO Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Matthew T Conner
- School of Sciences, Research Institute in Healthcare Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Alex C Conner
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Roslyn M Bill
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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Munro R, de Vlugt J, Ladizhansky V, Brown LS. Improved Protocol for the Production of the Low-Expression Eukaryotic Membrane Protein Human Aquaporin 2 in Pichia pastoris for Solid-State NMR. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030434. [PMID: 32168846 PMCID: PMC7175339 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) is a powerful biophysical technique for studies of membrane proteins; it requires the incorporation of isotopic labels into the sample. This is usually accomplished through over-expression of the protein of interest in a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host in minimal media, wherein all (or some) carbon and nitrogen sources are isotopically labeled. In order to obtain multi-dimensional NMR spectra with adequate signal-to-noise ratios suitable for in-depth analysis, one requires high yields of homogeneously structured protein. Some membrane proteins, such as human aquaporin 2 (hAQP2), exhibit poor expression, which can make producing a sample for SSNMR in an economic fashion extremely difficult, as growth in minimal media adds additional strain on expression hosts. We have developed an optimized growth protocol for eukaryotic membrane proteins in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Our new growth protocol uses the combination of sorbitol supplementation, higher cell density, and low temperature induction (LT-SEVIN), which increases the yield of full-length, isotopically labeled hAQP2 ten-fold. Combining mass spectrometry and SSNMR, we were able to determine the nature and the extent of post-translational modifications of the protein. The resultant protein can be functionally reconstituted into lipids and yields excellent resolution and spectral coverage when analyzed by two-dimensional SSNMR spectroscopy.
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Simpkin AJ, Thomas JMH, Simkovic F, Keegan RM, Rigden DJ. Molecular replacement using structure predictions from databases. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2019; 75:1051-1062. [PMID: 31793899 PMCID: PMC6889911 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798319013962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular replacement (MR) is the predominant route to solution of the phase problem in macromolecular crystallography. Where the lack of a suitable homologue precludes conventional MR, one option is to predict the target structure using bioinformatics. Such modelling, in the absence of homologous templates, is called ab initio or de novo modelling. Recently, the accuracy of such models has improved significantly as a result of the availability, in many cases, of residue-contact predictions derived from evolutionary covariance analysis. Covariance-assisted ab initio models representing structurally uncharacterized Pfam families are now available on a large scale in databases, potentially representing a valuable and easily accessible supplement to the PDB as a source of search models. Here, the unconventional MR pipeline AMPLE is employed to explore the value of structure predictions in the GREMLIN and PconsFam databases. It was tested whether these deposited predictions, processed in various ways, could solve the structures of PDB entries that were subsequently deposited. The results were encouraging: nine of 27 GREMLIN cases were solved, covering target lengths of 109-355 residues and a resolution range of 1.4-2.9 Å, and with target-model shared sequence identity as low as 20%. The cluster-and-truncate approach in AMPLE proved to be essential for most successes. For the overall lower quality structure predictions in the PconsFam database, remodelling with Rosetta within the AMPLE pipeline proved to be the best approach, generating ensemble search models from single-structure deposits. Finally, it is shown that the AMPLE-obtained search models deriving from GREMLIN deposits are of sufficiently high quality to be selected by the sequence-independent MR pipeline SIMBAD. Overall, the results help to point the way towards the optimal use of the expanding databases of ab initio structure predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Simpkin
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, England
| | - Jens M. H. Thomas
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, England
| | - Felix Simkovic
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, England
| | - Ronan M. Keegan
- STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot OX11 0FA, England
| | - Daniel J. Rigden
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, England
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40
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Alishahi M, Kamali R. A novel molecular dynamics study of CO 2 permeation through aquaporin-5. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:151. [PMID: 31773315 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are protein channels which facilitate rapid water permeation across cell membrane. The AQPs are very vital for biological organs, as their malfunction causes severe diseases in human body. A particular family of AQPs, that is AQP5, has a significant role in lung fluid transport due to submucosal glands structure. However, it has not been yet well understood whether these protein channels can conduct gas molecules. Here, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are used to investigate the CO2 permeability and diffusion in AQP5 during a 40-nanosecond period. For the first time, equilibrium and Steered MD (SMD) are used to simulate self and force-induced diffusion of CO2 molecules across AQP5 and POPE lipid bilayer. According to PMFs profile associated to CO2 permeation, the hydrophobic central pore provides a more suitable pathway for gas molecules compared to other AQP5 channels. Although CO2 molecules can also permeate across AQP5 water channels, the rate of CO2 permeation through four channels of the AQP5 monomers is much lower than the central pore. The rate of CO2 permeation through four AQP5 water channels is even lower than CO2 diffusion through POPE lipid membrane. The results reported in this investigation demonstrate that MD simulations of human AQP5 provide valuable insights into the gas permeation mechanism for both the equilibrium self-diffusion, and quasi-equilibrium condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Alishahi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Kamali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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41
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Roche JV, Nesverova V, Olsson C, Deen PM, Törnroth-Horsefield S. Structural Insights into AQP2 Targeting to Multivesicular Bodies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215351. [PMID: 31661793 PMCID: PMC6862464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin-dependent trafficking of AQP2 in the renal collecting duct is crucial for the regulation of water homeostasis. This process involves the targeting of AQP2 to the apical membrane during dehydration as well as its removal when hydration levels have been restored. The latter involves AQP2 endocytosis and sorting into multivesicular bodies (MVB), from where it may be recycled, degraded in lysosomes, or released into urine via exosomes. The lysosomal trafficking regulator-interacting protein 5 (LIP5) plays a crucial role in this by coordinating the actions of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT-III) and vacuolar protein sorting 4 (Vps4) ATPase, resulting in the insertion of AQP2 into MVB inner vesicles. While the interaction between LIP5 and the ESCRT-III complex and Vps4 is well characterized, very little is known about how LIP5 interacts with AQP2 or any other membrane protein cargo. Here, we use a combination of fluorescence spectroscopy and computer modeling to provide a structural model of how LIP5 interacts with human AQP2. We demonstrate that, the AQP2 tetramer binds up to two LIP5 molecules and that the interaction is similar to that seen in the complex between LIP5 and the ESCRT-III component, charged multivesicular body protein 1B (CHMP1B). These studies give the very first structural insights into how LIP5 enables membrane protein insertion into MVB inner vesicles and significantly increase our understanding of the AQP2 trafficking mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Virginia Roche
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Veronika Nesverova
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Caroline Olsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Peter Mt Deen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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42
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Skowronska A, Tanski D, Jaskiewicz L, Skowronski MT. Modulation by steroid hormones and other factors on the expression of aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-5. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2019; 112:209-242. [PMID: 32061342 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Skowronska
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - D Tanski
- Department of Anatomy and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - L Jaskiewicz
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M T Skowronski
- Veterinary Center, University of Nicolaus Copernicus, Torun, Poland
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43
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Dingwell DA, Brown LS, Ladizhansky V. Structure of the Functionally Important Extracellular Loop C of Human Aquaporin 1 Obtained by Solid-State NMR under Nearly Physiological Conditions. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7700-7710. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Archer Dingwell
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Leonid S. Brown
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ladizhansky
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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44
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Peng B, Tian D, Zhang D, Li Y, Feng X, Liu J, Li J, Zhang T, Liu X, Lu J, Chen B, Wang S. Generating viable mice with heritable embryonically lethal mutations using the CRISPR-Cas9 system in two-cell embryos. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2883. [PMID: 31253768 PMCID: PMC6599060 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial number of mouse genes, about 25%, are embryonically lethal when knocked out. Using current genetic tools, such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system, it is difficult-or even impossible-to produce viable mice with heritable embryonically lethal mutations. Here, we establish a one-step method for microinjection of CRISPR reagents into one blastomere of two-cell embryos to generate viable chimeric founder mice with a heritable embryonically lethal mutation, of either Virma or Dpm1. By examining founder mice, we identify a phenotype and role of Virma in regulating kidney metabolism in adult mice. Additionally, we generate knockout mice with a heritable postnatally lethal mutation, of either Slc17a5 or Ctla-4, and study its function in vivo. This one-step method provides a convenient system that rapidly generates knockout mice possessing lethal phenotypes. This allows relatively easy in vivo study of the associated genes' functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Boya Peng
- Laboratory Animal Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yang Li
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyu Feng
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinghao Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jun Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Baian Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Laboratory Animal Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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45
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Zhang L, Chen L, Dong H. Plant Aquaporins in Infection by and Immunity Against Pathogens - A Critical Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:632. [PMID: 31191567 PMCID: PMC6546722 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant aquaporins (AQPs) of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) family face constant risk of hijack by pathogens aiming to infect plants. PIPs can also be involved in plant immunity against infection. This review will utilize two case studies to discuss biochemical and structural mechanisms that govern the functions of PIPs in the regulation of plant infection and immunity. The first example concerns the interaction between rice Oryza sativa and the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). To infect rice, Xoo uses the type III (T3) secretion system to secrete the proteic translocator Hpa1, and Hpa1 subsequently mediates the translocation of T3 effectors secreted by this system. Once shifted from bacteria into rice cells, effectors exert virulent or avirulent effects depending on the susceptibility of the rice varieties. The translocator function of Hpa1 requires cooperation with OsPIP1;3, the rice interactor of Hpa1. This role of OsPIP1;3 is related to regulatory models of effector translocation. The regulatory models have been proposed as, translocon-dependent delivery, translocon-independent pore formation, and effector endocytosis with membrane protein/lipid trafficking. The second case study includes the interaction of Hpa1 with the H2O2 transport channel AtPIP1;4, and the associated consequence for H2O2 signal transduction of immunity pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana, a non-host of Xoo. H2O2 is generated in the apoplast upon induction by a pathogen or microbial pattern. H2O2 from this source translocates quickly into Arabidopsis cells, where it interacts with pathways of intracellular immunity to confer plant resistance against diseases. To expedite H2O2 transport, AtPIP1;4 must adopt a specific conformation in a number of ways, including channel width extension through amino acid interactions and selectivity for H2O2 through amino acid protonation and tautomeric reactions. Both topics will reference relevant studies, conducted on other organisms and AQPs, to highlight possible mechanisms of T3 effector translocation currently under debate, and highlight the structural basis of AtPIP1;4 in H2O2 transport facilitated by gating and trafficking regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- Plant Immunity Research Group, National Key Laboratory of Crop Science, Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Plant Immunity Research Group, National Key Laboratory of Crop Science, Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Hansong Dong
- Plant Immunity Research Group, National Key Laboratory of Crop Science, Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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46
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Canessa Fortuna A, Zerbetto De Palma G, Aliperti Car L, Armentia L, Vitali V, Zeida A, Estrin DA, Alleva K. Gating in plant plasma membrane aquaporins: the involvement of leucine in the formation of a pore constriction in the closed state. FEBS J 2019; 286:3473-3487. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Canessa Fortuna
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB) CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Fisicomatemática Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gerardo Zerbetto De Palma
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB) CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Fisicomatemática Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituo de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham Villa Tesei Argentina
| | - Lucio Aliperti Car
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Proteínas IQUIBICEN y Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Luciano Armentia
- Departamento de Fisicomatemática Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Victoria Vitali
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB) CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Fisicomatemática Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ari Zeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica Facultad de Medicina Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Darío A. Estrin
- DQIAQF‐INQUIMAE Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Karina Alleva
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB) CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Fisicomatemática Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
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47
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Enkavi G, Javanainen M, Kulig W, Róg T, Vattulainen I. Multiscale Simulations of Biological Membranes: The Challenge To Understand Biological Phenomena in a Living Substance. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5607-5774. [PMID: 30859819 PMCID: PMC6727218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes are tricky to investigate. They are complex in terms of molecular composition and structure, functional over a wide range of time scales, and characterized by nonequilibrium conditions. Because of all of these features, simulations are a great technique to study biomembrane behavior. A significant part of the functional processes in biological membranes takes place at the molecular level; thus computer simulations are the method of choice to explore how their properties emerge from specific molecular features and how the interplay among the numerous molecules gives rise to function over spatial and time scales larger than the molecular ones. In this review, we focus on this broad theme. We discuss the current state-of-the-art of biomembrane simulations that, until now, have largely focused on a rather narrow picture of the complexity of the membranes. Given this, we also discuss the challenges that we should unravel in the foreseeable future. Numerous features such as the actin-cytoskeleton network, the glycocalyx network, and nonequilibrium transport under ATP-driven conditions have so far received very little attention; however, the potential of simulations to solve them would be exceptionally high. A major milestone for this research would be that one day we could say that computer simulations genuinely research biological membranes, not just lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giray Enkavi
- Department
of Physics, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Javanainen
- Department
of Physics, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy
of Sciences, Flemingovo naḿesti 542/2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
- Computational
Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department
of Physics, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department
of Physics, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Computational
Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department
of Physics, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Computational
Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
- MEMPHYS-Center
for Biomembrane Physics
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48
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Rodriguez RA, Liang H, Chen LY, Plascencia-Villa G, Perry G. Single-channel permeability and glycerol affinity of human aquaglyceroporin AQP3. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:768-775. [PMID: 30659792 PMCID: PMC6382548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
For its fundamental relevance, transport of water and glycerol across the erythrocyte membrane has long been investigated before and after the discovery of aquaporins (AQPs), the membrane proteins responsible for water and glycerol transport. AQP1 is abundantly expressed in the human erythrocyte for maintaining its hydrohomeostasis where AQP3 is also expressed (at a level ~30-folds lower than AQP1) facilitating glycerol transport. This research is focused on two of the remaining questions: How permeable is AQP3 to water? What is the glycerol-AQP3 affinity under near-physiological conditions? Through atomistic modelling and large-scale simulations, we found that AQP3 is two to three times more permeable to water than AQP1 and that the glycerol-AQP3 affinity is approximately 500/M. Using these computed values along with the data from the latest literature on AQP1 and on erythrocyte proteomics, we estimated the water and glycerol transport rates across the membrane of an entire erythrocyte. We used these rates to predict the time courses of erythrocyte swelling-shrinking in response to inward and outward osmotic gradients. Experimentally, we monitored the time course of human erythrocytes when subject to an osmotic or glycerol gradient with light scattering in a stopped-flow spectrometer. We observed close agreement between the experimentally measured and the computationally predicted time courses of erythrocytes, which corroborated our computational conclusions on the AQP3 water-permeability and the glycerol-AQP3 affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto A Rodriguez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States of America
| | - Huiyun Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States of America
| | - Liao Y Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States of America.
| | - Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department of Biology and Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States of America
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology and Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States of America
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49
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Abir-Awan M, Kitchen P, Salman MM, Conner MT, Conner AC, Bill RM. Inhibitors of Mammalian Aquaporin Water Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071589. [PMID: 30934923 PMCID: PMC6480248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channel proteins that are essential to life, being expressed in all kingdoms. In humans, there are 13 AQPs, at least one of which is found in every organ system. The structural biology of the AQP family is well-established and many functions for AQPs have been reported in health and disease. AQP expression is linked to numerous pathologies including tumor metastasis, fluid dysregulation, and traumatic injury. The targeted modulation of AQPs therefore presents an opportunity to develop novel treatments for diverse conditions. Various techniques such as video microscopy, light scattering and fluorescence quenching have been used to test putative AQP inhibitors in both AQP-expressing mammalian cells and heterologous expression systems. The inherent variability within these methods has caused discrepancy and many molecules that are inhibitory in one experimental system (such as tetraethylammonium, acetazolamide, and anti-epileptic drugs) have no activity in others. Some heavy metal ions (that would not be suitable for therapeutic use) and the compound, TGN-020, have been shown to inhibit some AQPs. Clinical trials for neuromyelitis optica treatments using anti-AQP4 IgG are in progress. However, these antibodies have no effect on water transport. More research to standardize high-throughput assays is required to identify AQP modulators for which there is an urgent and unmet clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abir-Awan
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Philip Kitchen
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Matthew T Conner
- Research Institute of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Alex C Conner
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Roslyn M Bill
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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Nesverova V, Törnroth-Horsefield S. Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulation of Mammalian Aquaporins. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020082. [PMID: 30678081 PMCID: PMC6406877 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Water homeostasis is fundamental for cell survival. Transport of water across cellular membranes is governed by aquaporins—tetrameric integral membrane channels that are highly conserved throughout the prokaryotic and eukaryotic kingdoms. In eukaryotes, specific regulation of these channels is required and is most commonly carried out by shuttling the protein between cellular compartments (trafficking) or by opening and closing the channel (gating). Structural and functional studies have revealed phosphorylation as a ubiquitous mechanism in aquaporin regulation by both regulatory processes. In this review we summarize what is currently known about the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of mammalian aquaporins. Focusing on the water-specific aquaporins (AQP0–AQP5), we discuss how gating and trafficking are controlled by phosphorylation and how phosphorylation affects the binding of aquaporins to regulatory proteins, thereby highlighting structural details and dissecting the contribution of individual phosphorylated residues when possible. Our aim is to provide an overview of the mechanisms behind how aquaporin phosphorylation controls cellular water balance and to identify key areas where further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Nesverova
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Susanna Törnroth-Horsefield
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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