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Yang Y, Tian Z, He L, Meng H, Xie X, Yang Z, Wang X, Zhao Y, Huang C. RhoGDIβ inhibition via miR-200c/AUF1/SOX2/miR-137 axis contributed to lncRNA MEG3 downregulation-mediated malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:977-990. [PMID: 38376344 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Nickel pollution is a recognized factor contributing to lung cancer. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of its carcinogenic effects is crucial for lung cancer prevention and treatment. Our previous research identified the downregulation of a long noncoding RNA, maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), as a key factor in transforming human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) into malignant cells following nickel exposure. In our study, we found that deletion of MEG3 also reduced the expression of RhoGDIβ. Notably, artificially increasing RhoGDIβ levels counteracted the malignant transformation caused by MEG3 deletion in HBECs. This indicates that the reduction in RhoGDIβ contributes to the transformation of HBECs due to MEG3 deletion. Further exploration revealed that MEG3 downregulation led to enhanced c-Jun activity, which in turn promoted miR-200c transcription. High levels of miR-200c subsequently increased the translation of AUF1 protein, stabilizing SOX2 messenger RNA (mRNA). This stabilization affected the regulation of miR-137, SP-1 protein translation, and the suppression of RhoGDIβ mRNA transcription and protein expression, leading to cell transformation. Our study underscores the co-regulation of RhoGDIβ expression by long noncoding RNA MEG3, multiple microRNAs (miR-200c and miR-137), and RNA-regulated transcription factors (c-Jun, SOX2, and SP1). This intricate network of molecular events sheds light on the nature of lung tumorigenesis. These novel findings pave the way for developing targeted strategies for the prevention and treatment of human lung cancer based on the MEG3/RhoGDIβ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijiong He
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Meng
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaomin Xie
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunping Zhao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Zhang S, Lin T, Xiong X, Chen C, Tan P, Wei Q. Targeting histone modifiers in bladder cancer therapy - preclinical and clinical evidence. Nat Rev Urol 2024:10.1038/s41585-024-00857-z. [PMID: 38374198 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer in the most advanced, muscle-invasive stage is lethal, and very limited therapeutic advances have been reported for decades. To date, cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the first-line therapy for advanced bladder cancer. Late-line options have historically been limited. In the past few years, next-generation sequencing technology has enabled chromatin remodelling gene mutations to be characterized, showing that these alterations are more frequent in urothelial bladder carcinoma than in other cancer types. Histone modifiers have functional roles in tumour progression by modulating the expression of tumour suppressors and oncogenes and, therefore, have been considered as novel drug targets for cancer therapy. The roles of epigenetic reprogramming through histone modifications have been increasingly studied in bladder cancer, and the therapeutic efficacy of targeting those histone modifiers genetically or chemically is being assessed in preclinical studies. Results from preclinical studies in bladder cancer encouraged the investigation of some of these drugs in clinical trials, which yield mixed results. Further understanding of how alterations of histone modification mechanistically contribute to bladder cancer progression, drug resistance and tumour microenvironment remodelling will be required to facilitate clinical application of epigenetic drugs in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianhai Lin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingyu Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ping Tan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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3
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Megino-Luque C, Bravo-Cordero JJ. Metastasis suppressor genes and their role in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1147-1154. [PMID: 37982987 PMCID: PMC10842895 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The metastatic cascade is a complex process with multiple factors contributing to the seeding and growth of cancer cells at metastatic sites. Within this complex process, several genes have been identified as metastasis suppressors, playing a role in the inhibition of metastasis. Interestingly, some of these genes have been shown to also play a role in regulating the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we comment on the recent developments in the biology of metastasis suppressor genes and their crosstalk with the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Megino-Luque
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Schafer JM, Xiao T, Kwon H, Collier K, Chang Y, Abdel-Hafiz H, Bolyard C, Chung D, Yang Y, Sundi D, Ma Q, Theodorescu D, Li X, Li Z. Sex-biased adaptive immune regulation in cancer development and therapy. iScience 2022; 25:104717. [PMID: 35880048 PMCID: PMC9307950 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer research field is finally starting to unravel the mystery behind why males have a higher incidence and mortality rate than females for nearly all cancer types of the non-reproductive systems. Here, we explain how sex - specifically sex chromosomes and sex hormones - drives differential adaptive immunity across immune-related disease states including cancer, and why males are consequently more predisposed to tumor development. We highlight emerging data on the roles of cell-intrinsic androgen receptors in driving CD8+ T cell dysfunction or exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment and summarize ongoing clinical efforts to determine the impact of androgen blockade on cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we outline a framework for future research in cancer biology and immuno-oncology, underscoring the importance of a holistic research approach to understanding the mechanisms of sex dimorphisms in cancer, so sex will be considered as an imperative factor for guiding treatment decisions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Schafer
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tong Xiao
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Kwon
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Katharine Collier
- Division of Medical Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yuzhou Chang
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Biomedical Informatics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hany Abdel-Hafiz
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Chelsea Bolyard
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dongjun Chung
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yuanquan Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Debasish Sundi
- Department of Urology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Corresponding author
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5
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Binding of the Andes Virus Nucleocapsid Protein to RhoGDI Induces the Release and Activation of the Permeability Factor RhoA. J Virol 2021; 95:e0039621. [PMID: 34133221 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00396-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Andes virus (ANDV) nonlytically infects pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs), causing acute pulmonary edema termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). In HPS patients, virtually every PMEC is infected; however, the mechanism by which ANDV induces vascular permeability and edema remains to be resolved. The ANDV nucleocapsid (N) protein activates the GTPase RhoA in primary human PMECs, causing VE-cadherin internalization from adherens junctions and PMEC permeability. We found that ANDV N protein failed to bind RhoA but coprecipitates RhoGDI (Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor), the primary RhoA repressor that normally sequesters RhoA in an inactive state. ANDV N protein selectively binds the RhoGDI C terminus (residues 69 to 204) but fails to form ternary complexes with RhoA or inhibit RhoA binding to the RhoGDI N terminus (residues 1 to 69). However, we found that ANDV N protein uniquely inhibits RhoA binding to an S34D phosphomimetic RhoGDI mutant. Hypoxia and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increase RhoA-induced PMEC permeability by directing protein kinase Cα (PKCα) phosphorylation of S34 on RhoGDI. Collectively, ANDV N protein alone activates RhoA by sequestering and reducing RhoGDI available to suppress RhoA. In response to hypoxia and VEGF-activated PKCα, ANDV N protein additionally directs the release of RhoA from S34-phosphorylated RhoGDI, synergistically activating RhoA and PMEC permeability. These findings reveal a fundamental edemagenic mechanism that permits ANDV to amplify PMEC permeability in hypoxic HPS patients. Our results rationalize therapeutically targeting PKCα and opposing protein kinase A (PKA) pathways that control RhoGDI phosphorylation as a means of resolving ANDV-induced capillary permeability, edema, and HPS. IMPORTANCE HPS-causing hantaviruses infect pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs), causing vascular leakage, pulmonary edema, and a 35% fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Hantaviruses do not lyse or disrupt the endothelium but dysregulate normal EC barrier functions and increase hypoxia-directed permeability. Our findings reveal a novel underlying mechanism of EC permeability resulting from ANDV N protein binding to RhoGDI, a regulatory protein that normally maintains edemagenic RhoA in an inactive state and inhibits EC permeability. ANDV N sequesters RhoGDI and enhances the release of RhoA from S34-phosphorylated RhoGDI. These findings indicate that ANDV N induces the release of RhoA from PKC-phosphorylated RhoGDI, synergistically enhancing hypoxia-directed RhoA activation and PMEC permeability. Our data suggest inhibiting PKC and activating PKA phosphorylation of RhoGDI as mechanisms of inhibiting ANDV-directed EC permeability and therapeutically restricting edema in HPS patients. These findings may be broadly applicable to other causes of ARDS.
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6
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Liu L, Cui J, Zhao Y, Liu X, Chen L, Xia Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Sun S, Shi B, Zou Y. KDM6A-ARHGDIB axis blocks metastasis of bladder cancer by inhibiting Rac1. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:77. [PMID: 34006303 PMCID: PMC8130406 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KDM6A, a histone demethylase, is frequently mutated in bladder cancer (BCa). However, the role and detailed molecular mechanism of KDM6A involved in bladder cancer progression remains unknown. Methods Tissue specimens were used to determine the expression levels and prognostic values of KDM6A and ARHGDIB. The MTT, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell migration and invasion assays were employed to detect the BCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion, respectively. Chemotaxis of macrophages was used to evaluate the ability of KDM6A to recruit macrophages. A subcutaneous tumour model and tail vein tumour injection in nude mice were used to assess the role of KDM6A in vivo. RNA sequencing, qPCR, Western blot, ChIP and phalloidin staining assay were performed to investigate the molecular functions of KDM6A. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the effects of KDM6A and FOXA1 on the promoters of the ARHGDIB and KDM6A. Results We showed that the KDM6A inhibited the motility and invasiveness of the BCa cells. Mechanistically, KDM6A promotes the transcription of ARHGDIB by demethylating histone H3 lysine di/trimethylation (H3K27me2/3) and consequently leads to inhibition of Rac1. EZH2, which catalyses the methylation of H3K27, functions to silence ARHGDIB expression, and an EZH2 inhibitor can neutralize the metastatic effect caused by KDM6A deficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrated that FOXA1 directly binds to the KDM6A promoter and thus transactivates KDM6A, leading to diminished metastatic potential. Conclusion Our findings establish the critical role of the FOXA1-KDM6A-ARHGDIB axis in restraining the malignancy of BCa and identify KDM6A and EZH2 as potential therapeutic targets in the management of BCa. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01369-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Jianfeng Cui
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Yangyang Xia
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Shouzhen Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Shuna Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China.
| | - Yongxin Zou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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7
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Erasmus JC, Smolarczyk K, Brezovjakova H, Mohd-Naim NF, Lozano E, Matter K, Braga VMM. Rac1-PAK1 regulation of Rab11 cycling promotes junction destabilization. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212034. [PMID: 33914026 PMCID: PMC8091128 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202002114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rac1 GTPase is hyperactivated in tumors and contributes to malignancy. Rac1 disruption of junctions requires its effector PAK1, but the precise mechanisms are unknown. Here, we show that E-cadherin is internalized via micropinocytosis in a PAK1–dependent manner without catenin dissociation and degradation. In addition to internalization, PAK1 regulates E-cadherin transport by fine-tuning Rab small GTPase function. PAK1 phosphorylates a core Rab regulator, RabGDIβ, but not RabGDIα. Phosphorylated RabGDIβ preferentially associates with Rab5 and Rab11, which is predicted to promote Rab retrieval from membranes. Consistent with this hypothesis, Rab11 is activated by Rac1, and inhibition of Rab11 function partially rescues E-cadherin destabilization. Thus, Rac1 activation reduces surface cadherin levels as a net result of higher bulk flow of membrane uptake that counteracts Rab11-dependent E-cadherin delivery to junctions (recycling and/or exocytosis). This unique small GTPase crosstalk has an impact on Rac1 and PAK1 regulation of membrane remodeling during epithelial dedifferentiation, adhesion, and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Erasmus
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kasia Smolarczyk
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helena Brezovjakova
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Noor F Mohd-Naim
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Encarnación Lozano
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Karl Matter
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vania M M Braga
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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8
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Doi N, Togari H, Minagi K, Iwaoka Y, Tai A, Nakaoji K, Hamada K, Tatsuka M. 2-O-Octadecylascorbic acid represses RhoGDIβ expression and ameliorates DNA damage-induced abnormal spindle orientations. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:739-751. [PMID: 33586155 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The appropriate regulation of spindle orientation maintains proper tissue homeostasis and avoids aberrant tissue repair or regeneration. Spindle misorientation due to imbalance or improper functioning leads to a loss of tissue integrity and aberrant growth, such as tissue loss or overgrowth. Pharmacological manipulation to prevent spindle misorientation will enable a better understanding of how spindle orientation is involved in physiological and pathological conditions and will provide therapeutic possibilities to treat patients associated with abnormal tissue function caused by spindle misorientation. N-terminal-deleted Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor β (RhoGDIβ/RhoGDI2/LyGDI) produced by caspase-3 activation perturbs spindle orientation in surviving cells following exposure to either ionizing radiation or UVC. Thus, presumably, RhoGDIβ cleaved by caspase-3 activation acts as a determinant of radiation-induced spindle misorientation that promote aberrant tissue repair due to deregulation of directional organization of cell population and therefore becomes a potential target of drugs to prevent such response. The objective of this study was to screen and identify chemicals that suppress RhoGDIβ expression. We focused our attention on ascorbic acid (AA) derivatives because of their impact on the maintenance of skin tissue homeostasis. Here, we screened for AA derivatives that suppress RhoGDIβ expression in HeLa cells and identified a lipophilic derivative, 2-O-octadecylascorbic acid (2-OctadecylAA), as a novel RhoGDIβ inhibitor that ameliorated ionizing radiation-induced abnormal spindle orientations. Among all examined AA derivatives, which were also antioxidative, the inhibition activity was specific to 2-OctadecylAA. Therefore, this activity was not due to simple antioxidant properties. 2-OctadecylAA was previously shown to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma development. Our findings suggest that the anticarcinogenic effects of 2-OctadecylAA are partly due to RhoGDIβ inhibition mechanisms by which spindle orientation perturbations are attenuated. Thus, the molecular targeting features of RhoGDIβ warrant its further development for the treatment or control of spindle orientation abnormalities that affect epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Doi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiro Togari
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Minagi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Iwaoka
- Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tai
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakaoji
- Research & Development Division, Pias Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hamada
- Research & Development Division, Pias Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tatsuka
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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9
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Luo J, Wang J, Zheng H, Wang L. Rho GDP-Dissociation Inhibitor 2 Inhibits C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4-Mediated Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Migration. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1512. [PMID: 32903764 PMCID: PMC7438871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although we currently have a good understanding of the role C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) plays in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), the mechanism of CXCR4-mediated T-ALL migration remains elusive. Therefore, we focus on the downstream signals of CXCR4 that contribute to T-ALL cell migration in this study. Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) is expressed preferentially in lymphocytes. It interacts with and regulates the activation of Rho proteins by inhibiting the dissociation of GDP and the binding of GTP. In a previous study, we demonstrated that RhoA and RhoC are activated and required for CXCR4-mediated JURKAT cell migration. In the present work, we investigate the role of RhoGDI2 in CXCR4-mediated T-ALL cell migration. Results show that RhoGDI2 sh2 significantly releases its inhibition effects on T-ALL cell migration toward CXCL12 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12). Phosphorylation of RhoGDI2 on Y24 and Y153 releases RhoA and RhoC from RhoGDI2, which recovers CXCR4-mediated migration toward CXCL12 although the phosphorylation of Y130 has less effect on RhoA or RhoC binding. Furthermore, Src is activated by CXCL12. Transfection of siRNAs to Src reduces CXCR4-mediated migration. Src is required for the phosphorylation of RhoGDI2 on Y153, and ABL1 is activated by CXCL12 and responsible for the phosphorylation of RhoGDI2 on Y24 and Y130. Similarly, knockdown of the expression of ABL1 by siRNAs reduces the CXCR4-mediated migration. Therefore, RhoGDI2 may be a brake for CXCR4-positive T-ALL migration. Because migration is a prerequisite for infiltration of leukemia, this work may suggest the possible involvement of RhoGDI2 in infiltration of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixian Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junting Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huiguang Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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10
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McCarty JH. αvβ8 integrin adhesion and signaling pathways in development, physiology and disease. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/12/jcs239434. [PMID: 32540905 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells must interpret a complex milieu of extracellular cues to modulate intracellular signaling events linked to proliferation, differentiation, migration and other cellular processes. Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that link the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the cytoskeleton and control intracellular signaling events. A great deal is known about the structural and functional properties for most integrins; however, the adhesion and signaling pathways controlled by αvβ8 integrin, which was discovered nearly 30 years ago, have only recently been characterized. αvβ8 integrin is a receptor for ECM-bound forms of latent transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) proteins and promotes the activation of TGFβ signaling pathways. Studies of the brain, lung and immune system reveal that the αvβ8 integrin-TGFβ axis mediates cell-cell contact and communication within complex multicellular structures. Perturbing components of this axis results in aberrant cell-cell adhesion and signaling leading to the initiation of various pathologies, including neurodegeneration, fibrosis and cancer. As discussed in this Review, understanding the functions for αvβ8 integrin, its ECM ligands and intracellular effector proteins is not only an important topic in cell biology, but may lead to new therapeutic strategies to treat human pathologies related to integrin dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H McCarty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 6767 Bertner Avenue, Unit 1004, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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Xu J, Hua X, Yang R, Jin H, Li J, Zhu J, Tian Z, Huang M, Jiang G, Huang H, Huang C. XIAP Interaction with E2F1 and Sp1 via its BIR2 and BIR3 domains specific activated MMP2 to promote bladder cancer invasion. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:71. [PMID: 31811115 PMCID: PMC6898186 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
XIAP has generally been thought to function in bladder cancer. However, the potential function of structure-based function of XIAP in human BC invasion has not been well explored before. We show here that ectopic expression of the BIR domains of XIAP specifically resulted in MMP2 activation and cell invasion in XIAP-deleted BC cells, while Src was further defined as an XIAP downstream negative regulator for MMP2 activation and BC cell invasion. The inhibition of Src expression by the BIR domains was caused by attenuation of Src protein translation upon miR-203 upregulation; which was resulted from direct interaction of BIR2 and BIR3 with E2F1 and Sp1, respectively. The interaction of BIR2/BIR3 with E2F1/Sp1 unexpectedly occurred, which could be blocked by serum-induced XIAP translocation. Taken together, our studies, for the first time revealed that: (1) BIR2 and BIR3 domains of XIAP play their role in cancer cell invasion without affecting cell migration by specific activation of MMP2 in human BC cells; (2) by BIR2 interacting with E2F1 and BIR3 interacting with Sp1, XIAP initiates E2F1/Sp1 positive feedback loop-dependent transcription of miR-203, which in turn inhibits Src protein translation, further leading to MMP2-cleaved activation; (3) XIAP interaction with E2F1 and Sp1 is observed in the nucleus. Our findings provide novel insights into understanding the specific function of BIR2 and BIR3 of XIAP in BC invasion, which will be highly significant for the design/synthesis of new BIR2/BIR3-based compounds for invasive BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiheng Xu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Xiaohui Hua
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Honglei Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Junlan Zhu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Maowen Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Guosong Jiang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, China.
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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12
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Doi N, Kunimatsu Y, Fujiura K, Togari H, Minagi K, Nakaoji K, Hamada K, Temme A, Tatsuka M. RhoGDIβ affects HeLa cell spindle orientation following UVC irradiation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15134-15146. [PMID: 30652309 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The molecular signals that regulate mitotic spindle orientation to determine the proper division axis play a critical role in the development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. However, deregulation of signaling events can result in spindle misorientation, which in turn can trigger developmental defects and cancer progression. Little is known about the cellular signaling pathway involved in the misorientation of proliferating cells that evade apoptosis after DNA damage. In this study, we found that perturbations to spindle orientation were induced in ultraviolet C (UVC)-irradiated surviving cells. N-terminal truncated Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor β (RhoGDIβ), which is produced by UVC irradiation, distorted the spindle orientation of HeLa cells cultured on Matrigel. The short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of RhoGDIβ significantly attenuated UVC-induced misorientation. Subsequent expression of wild-type RhoGDIβ, but not a noncleavable mutant, RhoGDIβ (D19A), again led to a relative increase in spindle misorientation in response to UVC. Our findings revealed that RhoGDIβ impacts spindle orientation in response to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Doi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuuki Kunimatsu
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kouhei Fujiura
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiro Togari
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Minagi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakaoji
- Research & Development Division, Pias Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hamada
- Research & Development Division, Pias Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Masaaki Tatsuka
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
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13
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Lee YH, Tuyet PT. Synthesis and biological evaluation of quercetin-zinc (II) complex for anti-cancer and anti-metastasis of human bladder cancer cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:395-404. [PMID: 31089950 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the 13th leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and its mortality rate is highly associated with the motility of the malignant cells. Although the techniques of urothelial cancer treatment have been continuously advanced in the last decade, the invasive bladder cancer remains incurable and the mean survival time of the patients with high-grade malignancy after cancer relapse is still < 6 months, indicating a new strategy which can reduce bladder cancer cell motility and/or progression is urgently needed. Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid with approved anti-tumor effect. However, the drawbacks of quercetin, including low absorption, extensive metabolism, and rapid elimination, severely hamper its availability in the clinic. In this study, we aim to synthesize the quercetin-zinc complex (Q-ZnCPX) and explore its anti-cancer and anti-metastasis efficacies on human bladder cancer cells in vitro. Based on the results of cell movement and protein expressions in BFTC-905 cells, we found that both cell migratability and invasiveness were markedly reduced by the Q-ZnCPX with concentration of ≥ 12.5 μM through p-AKT and MT1-MMP regulations compared to the cells without treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, the synthesized Q-ZnCPX with ≥ 75 μM can even provide > 50% of mortality rate (P < 0.05) to the cancer cell after 24-h treatment. These results demonstrated that the synthetic Q-ZnCPX may serve as feasible tool for both anti-cancer and anti-metastasis on human bladder cancer cells dependent on the dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Pham-Thi Tuyet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan, Republic of China
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14
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Liu W, Wang X, Wang S, Ba X, Xu T, Wang X, Zeng X. RhoGDI2 positively regulates the Rho GTPases activation in response to the β2 outside-in signaling in T cells adhesion and migration on ICAM-1. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:431-446. [PMID: 31075185 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a0718-272rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal reorganization driven by Rho GTPases plays a crucial role in the migration of T cells, which are key regulators of immunity. The molecular mechanisms that control actin cytoskeleton remodeling during T cell movement have only partially been clarified as the function of many modulators has not been evaluated in these cells. Here, we report a new function of RhoGDI2 by showing that this protein positively regulates Rho GTPase activation during T cell adhesion and migration. RhoGDI2 knockdown significantly reduced T cell adhesion and migration. Furthermore, RhoGDI2 knockdown decreased the activation of Rac1 and Cdc42, 2 members of Rho GTPases, and the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Upon P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 engagement, RhoGDI2 was phosphorylated at Y24 and Y153 by kinases related to β2 integrin outside-in signaling, Src, c-Abl, and Syk, resulting in the accumulation of RhoGDI2 at the cell membrane. Subsequent phosphorylation of S31 induced the opening of RhoGDI2 and the release of Rho GTPases, whereas phosphorylation of Y153 might promote the activation of Rho GTPases by recruiting Vav1. Moreover, the disruption of lipid rafts with methyl-β-cyclodextrin blocked the interaction between integrins and RhoGDI2, reducing the level of phosphorylated RhoGDI2 and the activation of downstream Rho GTPases. Based on these observations, RhoGDI2 is a target of intergrin outside-in signaling that activates Rho GTPases during T cell adhesion and migration, and RhoGDI2-mediated signal transduction is based on the lipid rafts integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenai Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xueqing Ba
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tingshuang Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Bioscience, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xianlu Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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15
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Zhu J, Tian Z, Li Y, Hua X, Zhang D, Li J, Jin H, Xu J, Chen W, Niu B, Wu X, Comincini S, Huang H, Huang C. ATG7 Promotes Bladder Cancer Invasion via Autophagy-Mediated Increased ARHGDIB mRNA Stability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801927. [PMID: 31016112 PMCID: PMC6468970 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Since invasive bladder cancer (BC) can progress to life threatening metastases, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying BC invasion is crucial for potentially decreasing the mortality of this disease. Herein, it is discovered that autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7) is remarkably overexpressed in human invasive BC tissues. The knockdown of ATG7 in human BC cells dramatically inhibits cancer cell invasion, revealing that ATG7 is a key player in regulating BC invasion. Mechanistic studies indicate that MIR190A is responsible for ATG7 mRNA stability and protein overexpression by directly binding to ATG7 mRNA 3'-UTR. Furthermore, ATG7-mediated autophagy promotes HNRNPD (ARE/poly(U)-binding/degradation factor 1) protein degradation, and in turn reduces HNRNPD interaction with ARHGDIB mRNA, resulting in the elevation of ARHGDIB mRNA stability, and subsequently leading to BC cell invasion. The identification of the MIR190A/ATG7 autophagic mechanism regulation of HNRNPD/ARHGDIB expression provides an important insight into understanding the nature of BC invasion and suggests that autophagy may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model OrganismsKey Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineMinistry of EducationSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325035China
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model OrganismsKey Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineMinistry of EducationSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325035China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Environmental MedicineNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY10010USA
| | - Xiaohui Hua
- Department of Environmental MedicineNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY10010USA
| | - Dongyun Zhang
- Department of Environmental MedicineNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY10010USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- Department of Environmental MedicineNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY10010USA
| | - Honglei Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model OrganismsKey Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineMinistry of EducationSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325035China
| | - Jiheng Xu
- Department of Environmental MedicineNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY10010USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of High‐Performance Computing Technology and Application DevelopmentComputer Network Information CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Beifang Niu
- Department of High‐Performance Computing Technology and Application DevelopmentComputer Network Information CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Xue‐Ru Wu
- Departments of Urology and PathologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY10016USA
- VA Medical Center in ManhattanNew YorkNY10010USA
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Pavia27100PaviaItaly
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model OrganismsKey Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineMinistry of EducationSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325035China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Department of Environmental MedicineNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY10010USA
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16
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Joseph JV, Brasacchio R, Fung C, Reeder J, Bylund K, Sahasrabudhe D, Yeh SY, Ghazi A, Fultz P, Rubens D, Wu G, Singer E, Schwarz E, Mohile S, Mohler J, Theodorescu D, Lee YF, Okunieff P, McConkey D, Rashid H, Chang C, Fradet Y, Guru K, Kukreja J, Sufrin G, Lotan Y, Bailey H, Noyes K, Schwartz S, Rideout K, Bratslavsky G, Campbell SC, Derweesh I, Abrahamsson PA, Soloway M, Gomella L, Golijanin D, Svatek R, Frye T, Lerner S, Palapattu G, Wilding G, Droller M, Trump D. A Festschrift in Honor of Edward M. Messing, MD, FACS. Bladder Cancer 2018; 4:S1-S43. [PMID: 30443561 PMCID: PMC6226303 DOI: 10.3233/blc-189037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean V. Joseph
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Chunkit Fung
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jay Reeder
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Bylund
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Shu Yuan Yeh
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ahmed Ghazi
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Fultz
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Deborah Rubens
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Guan Wu
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Eric Singer
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Edward Schwarz
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Supriya Mohile
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Yi Fen Lee
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Paul Okunieff
- UF Health Proton Therapy Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David McConkey
- Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hani Rashid
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Yves Fradet
- CHU de Quebec-Hotel-Dieu de Quebec, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Gerald Sufrin
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Howard Bailey
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Kathy Rideout
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Steven C. Campbell
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Leonard Gomella
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Robert Svatek
- UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Frye
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Seth Lerner
- Baylor College of Medicine Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Donald Trump
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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17
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Yu Y, Jin H, Xu J, Gu J, Li X, Xie Q, Huang H, Li J, Tian Z, Jiang G, Chen C, He F, Wu XR, Huang C. XIAP overexpression promotes bladder cancer invasion in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo via enhancing nucleolin-mediated Rho-GDIβ mRNA stability. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:2040-2055. [PMID: 29250796 PMCID: PMC5867227 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies demonstrate that X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is essential for regulating colorectal cancer invasion. Here, we discovered that RhoGDIβ was a key XIAP downstream effector mediating bladder cancer (BC) invasion in vitro and in vivo. We found that both XIAP and RhoGDIβ expressions were consistently elevated in BCs of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN)-treated mice in comparison to bladder tissues from vehicle-treated mice and human BCs in comparison to the paired adjacent normal bladder tissues. Knockdown of XIAP attenuated RhoGDIβ expression and reduced cancer cell invasion, whereas RhoGDIβ expression was attenuated in BBN-treated urothelium of RING-deletion knockin mice. Mechanistically, XIAP stabilized RhoGDIβ mRNA by its positively regulating nucleolin mRNA stability via Erks-dependent manner. Moreover, ectopic expression of GFP-RhoGDIβ in T24T(shXIAP) cells restored its lung metastasis in nude mice. Our results demonstrate that XIAP-regulated Erks/nucleolin/RhoGDIβ axis promoted BC invasion and lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Yu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Honglei Jin
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Jiheng Xu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Jiayan Gu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035
| | - Xin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035
| | - Qipeng Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Guosong Jiang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Caiyi Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035
| | - Feng He
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
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18
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19
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Ngo ATP, Thierheimer MLD, Babur Ö, Rocheleau AD, Huang T, Pang J, Rigg RA, Mitrugno A, Theodorescu D, Burchard J, Nan X, Demir E, McCarty OJT, Aslan JE. Assessment of roles for the Rho-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor Ly-GDI in platelet function: a spatial systems approach. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C527-C536. [PMID: 28148498 PMCID: PMC5407014 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00274.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
On activation at sites of vascular injury, platelets undergo morphological alterations essential to hemostasis via cytoskeletal reorganizations driven by the Rho GTPases Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA. Here we investigate roles for Rho-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor proteins (RhoGDIs) in platelet function. We find that platelets express two RhoGDI family members, RhoGDI and Ly-GDI. Whereas RhoGDI localizes throughout platelets in a granule-like manner, Ly-GDI shows an asymmetric, polarized localization that largely overlaps with Rac1 and Cdc42 as well as microtubules and protein kinase C (PKC) in platelets adherent to fibrinogen. Antibody interference and platelet spreading experiments suggest a specific role for Ly-GDI in platelet function. Intracellular signaling studies based on interactome and pathways analyses also support a regulatory role for Ly-GDI, which is phosphorylated at PKC substrate motifs in a PKC-dependent manner in response to the platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP) VI-specific agonist collagen-related peptide. Additionally, PKC inhibition diffuses the polarized organization of Ly-GDI in spread platelets relative to its colocalization with Rac1 and Cdc42. Together, our results suggest a role for Ly-GDI in the localized regulation of Rho GTPases in platelets and hypothesize a link between the PKC and Rho GTPase signaling systems in platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T P Ngo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Marisa L D Thierheimer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; and
| | - Özgün Babur
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Anne D Rocheleau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jiaqing Pang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Rachel A Rigg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Annachiara Mitrugno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Department of Surgery, Department of Pharmacology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julja Burchard
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Xiaolin Nan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Emek Demir
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon;
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20
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de León-Bautista MP, Cardenas-Aguayo MDC, Casique-Aguirre D, Almaraz-Salinas M, Parraguirre-Martinez S, Olivo-Diaz A, Thompson-Bonilla MDR, Vargas M. Immunological and Functional Characterization of RhoGDI3 and Its Molecular Targets RhoG and RhoB in Human Pancreatic Cancerous and Normal Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166370. [PMID: 27832197 PMCID: PMC5104321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoGDI proteins have been implicated in several human cancers; changes in their expression levels have shown pro- or anti-tumorigenic effects. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a complex pathology, with poor prognosis, and most patients die shortly after diagnosis. Efforts have been focused on understanding the role of RhoGDI's in PDAC, specially, RhoGDI1 and RhoGDI2. However, the role of RhoGDI3 has not been studied in relation to cancer or to PDAC. Here, we characterized the expression and functionality of RhoGDI3 and its target GTPases, RhoG and RhoB in pancreatic cell lines from both normal pancreatic tissue and tissue in late stages of PDAC, and compared them to human biopsies. Through immunofluorescences, pulldown assays and subcellular fractionation, we found a reduction in RhoGDI3 expression in the late stages of PDAC, and this reduction correlates with tumor progression and aggressiveness. Despite the reduction in the expression of RhoGDI3 in PDAC, we found that RhoB was underexpressed while RhoG was overexpressed, suggesting that cancerous cells preserve their capacity to activate this pathway, thus these cells may be more eager to response to the stimuli needed to proliferate and become invasive unlike normal cells. Surprisingly, we found nuclear localization of RhoGDI3 in non-cancerous pancreatic cell line and normal pancreatic tissue biopsies, which could open the possibility of novel nuclear functions for this protein, impacting gene expression regulation and cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Piedad de León-Bautista
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria del Carmen Cardenas-Aguayo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Col. Copilco Universidad, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Casique-Aguirre
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Almaraz-Salinas
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Instituto Tecnológico de Milpa Alta, Independencia Sur 36, San Salvador Cuauhtenco, Milpa Alta, 12300, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Parraguirre-Martinez
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General Doctor Manuel Gea González, Av. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Tlalpan, Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angelica Olivo-Diaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital Doctor Manuel Gea González, Av. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Tlalpan, Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María del Rocío Thompson-Bonilla
- Investigación Biomédica y Traslacional, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital 1° de Octubre, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 1669, Colonia: Magdalena de las Salinas, Delegación: Gustavo A Madero, 07760, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Vargas
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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The molecular effect of metastasis suppressors on Src signaling and tumorigenesis: new therapeutic targets. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35522-41. [PMID: 26431493 PMCID: PMC4742122 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A major problem for cancer patients is the metastasis of cancer cells from the primary tumor. This involves: (1) migration through the basement membrane; (2) dissemination via the circulatory system; and (3) invasion into a secondary site. Metastasis suppressors, by definition, inhibit metastasis at any step of the metastatic cascade. Notably, Src is a non-receptor, cytoplasmic, tyrosine kinase, which becomes aberrantly activated in many cancer-types following stimulation of plasma membrane receptors (e.g., receptor tyrosine kinases and integrins). There is evidence of a prominent role of Src in tumor progression-related events such as the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the development of metastasis. However, the precise molecular interactions of Src with metastasis suppressors remain unclear. Herein, we review known metastasis suppressors and summarize recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of how these proteins inhibit metastasis through modulation of Src. Particular emphasis is bestowed on the potent metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) and its interactions with the Src signaling cascade. Recent studies demonstrated a novel mechanism through which NDRG1 plays a significant role in regulating cancer cell migration by inhibiting Src activity. Moreover, we discuss the rationale for targeting metastasis suppressor genes as a sound therapeutic modality, and we review several examples from the literature where such strategies show promise. Collectively, this review summarizes the essential interactions of metastasis suppressors with Src and their effects on progression of cancer metastasis. Moreover, interesting unresolved issues regarding these proteins as well as their potential as therapeutic targets are also discussed.
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Kobayashi T. Understanding the biology of urothelial cancer metastasis. Asian J Urol 2016; 3:211-222. [PMID: 29264189 PMCID: PMC5730871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of unresectable urothelial cancer (UC) has been a clinical challenge for decades. While drug resistance is a key issue, precise understanding of biology of UC metastasis is another challenge for the improvement of treatment outcome of UC patients. Introduction of the cell biology concepts including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness seems to explain UC metastasis. Molecular genetics based on gene expression profiling, next generation sequencing, and explosion of non-coding RNA world has opened the door to intrinsic molecular subtyping of UC. Next steps include, based on the recently accumulated understanding, the establishment of novel disease models representing UC metastasis in various experimental platforms, particularly in vivo animal systems. Indeed, novel knowledge molecular genetics has not been fully linked to the modeling of UC metastasis. Further understanding of bladder carcinogenesis is needed particularly with regard to cell of origin related to tumor characteristics including driver gene alterations, pathological differentiations, and metastatic ability. Then we will be able to establish better disease models, which will consequently lead us to further understanding of biology and eventually the development of novel therapeutic strategies for UC metastasis.
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Vallo S, Michaelis M, Gust KM, Black PC, Rothweiler F, Kvasnicka HM, Blaheta RA, Brandt MP, Wezel F, Haferkamp A, Cinatl J. Dasatinib enhances tumor growth in gemcitabine-resistant orthotopic bladder cancer xenografts. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:454. [PMID: 27677700 PMCID: PMC5039786 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin is standard of care for patients with metastatic urothelial bladder cancer. However, resistance formation is common after initial response. The protein Src is known as a proto-oncogene, which is overexpressed in various human cancers. Since there are controversial reports about the role of Src in bladder cancer, we evaluated the efficacy of the Src kinase inhibitor dasatinib in the urothelial bladder cancer cell line RT112 and its gemcitabine-resistant sub-line RT112rGEMCI20 in vitro and in vivo. Methods RT112 urothelial cancer cells were adapted to growth in the presence of 20 ng/ml gemcitabine (RT112rGEMCI20) by continuous cultivation at increasing drug concentrations. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay, cell growth kinetics were determined by cell count, protein levels were measured by western blot, and cell migration was evaluated by scratch assays. In vivo tumor growth was tested in a murine orthotopic xenograft model using bioluminescent imaging. Results Dasatinib exerted similar effects on Src signaling in RT112 and RT112rGEMCI20 cells but RT112rGEMCI20 cells were less sensitive to dasatinib-induced anti-cancer effects (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of dasatinib in RT112 cells: 349.2 ± 67.2 nM; IC50 of dasatinib in RT112rGEMCI20 cells: 1081.1 ± 239.2 nM). Dasatinib inhibited migration of chemo-naive and gemcitabine-resistant cells. Most strikingly, dasatinib treatment reduced RT112 tumor growth and muscle invasion in orthotopic xenografts, while it was associated with increased size and muscle-invasive growth in RT112rGEMCI20 tumors. Conclusion Dasatinib should be considered with care for the treatment of urothelial cancer, in particular for therapy-refractory cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vallo
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Urology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Centre for Molecular Processing and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Kilian M Gust
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Florian Rothweiler
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Kvasnicka
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Felix Wezel
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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24
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Abstract
Rho GTPases regulate cytoskeletal and cell adhesion dynamics and thereby coordinate a wide range of cellular processes, including cell migration, cell polarity and cell cycle progression. Most Rho GTPases cycle between a GTP-bound active conformation and a GDP-bound inactive conformation to regulate their ability to activate effector proteins and to elicit cellular responses. However, it has become apparent that Rho GTPases are regulated by post-translational modifications and the formation of specific protein complexes, in addition to GTP-GDP cycling. The canonical regulators of Rho GTPases - guanine nucleotide exchange factors, GTPase-activating proteins and guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors - are regulated similarly, creating a complex network of interactions to determine the precise spatiotemporal activation of Rho GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Hodge
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anne J Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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25
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Fujiwara M, Okamoto M, Hori M, Suga H, Jikihara H, Sugihara Y, Shimamoto F, Mori T, Nakaoji K, Hamada K, Ota T, Wiedemuth R, Temme A, Tatsuka M. Radiation-Induced RhoGDIβ Cleavage Leads to Perturbation of Cell Polarity: A Possible Link to Cancer Spreading. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2493-505. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Fujiwara
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences; Department of Life Sciences; Prefectural University of Hiroshima; Shoubara Hiroshima Japan
| | - Mayumi Okamoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences; Department of Life Sciences; Prefectural University of Hiroshima; Shoubara Hiroshima Japan
| | - Masato Hori
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences; Department of Life Sciences; Prefectural University of Hiroshima; Shoubara Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences; Department of Life Sciences; Prefectural University of Hiroshima; Shoubara Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hiroshi Jikihara
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Human Culture and Science; Prefectural University of Hiroshima; Minami-ku Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yuka Sugihara
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Human Culture and Science; Prefectural University of Hiroshima; Minami-ku Hiroshima Japan
| | - Fumio Shimamoto
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Human Culture and Science; Prefectural University of Hiroshima; Minami-ku Hiroshima Japan
| | - Toshio Mori
- Radioisotope Research Center; Nara Medical University School of Medicine; Kashihara Nara Japan
| | - Koichi Nakaoji
- Research & Development Division; Pias Corporation; Kobe Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hamada
- Research & Development Division; Pias Corporation; Kobe Japan
| | - Takahide Ota
- Department of Life Science; Medical Research Institute; Kanazawa Medical University; Uchinada Ishikawa Japan
| | - Ralf Wiedemuth
- Department of Neurosurgery; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Masaaki Tatsuka
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences; Department of Life Sciences; Prefectural University of Hiroshima; Shoubara Hiroshima Japan
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26
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Hahn NM, Knudsen BS, Daneshmand S, Koch MO, Bihrle R, Foster RS, Gardner TA, Cheng L, Liu Z, Breen T, Fleming MT, Lance R, Corless CL, Alva AS, Shen SS, Huang F, Gertych A, Gallick GE, Mallick J, Ryan C, Galsky MD, Lerner SP, Posadas EM, Sonpavde G. Neoadjuvant dasatinib for muscle-invasive bladder cancer with tissue analysis of biologic activity. Urol Oncol 2016; 34:4.e11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Song M, He Q, Berk BA, Hartwig JH, Stossel TP, Nakamura F. An adventitious interaction of filamin A with RhoGDI2(Tyr153Glu). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 469:659-64. [PMID: 26707877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Filamin A (FLNA) is an actin filament crosslinking protein with multiple intracellular binding partners. Mechanical force exposes cryptic FLNA binding sites for some of these ligands. To identify new force-dependent binding interactions, we used a fusion construct composed of two FLNA domains, one of which was previously identified as containing a force-dependent binding site as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid system and identified the Rho dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) as a potential interacting partner. A RhoGDI2 truncate with 81 N-terminal amino acid residues and a phosphomimetic mutant, RhoGDI(Tyr153Glu) interacted with the FLNA construct. However, neither wild-type or full-length RhoGDI2 phosphorylated at Y153 interacted with FLNA. Our interpretation of these contradictions is that truncation and/or mutation of RhoGDI2 perturbs its conformation to expose a site that adventitiously binds FLNA and is not a bona-fide interaction. Therefore, previous studies reporting that a RhoGDI(Y153E) mutant suppresses the metastasis of human bladder cancer cells must be reinvestigated in light of artificial interaction of this point mutant with FLNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Song
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Qianjing He
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Benjamin-Andreas Berk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Faculty of Biosciences and Pharmacy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John H Hartwig
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Thomas P Stossel
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.
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28
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Pajic M, Herrmann D, Vennin C, Conway JR, Chin VT, Johnsson AKE, Welch HC, Timpson P. The dynamics of Rho GTPase signaling and implications for targeting cancer and the tumor microenvironment. Small GTPases 2015; 6:123-33. [PMID: 26103062 PMCID: PMC4601362 DOI: 10.4161/21541248.2014.973749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous large scale genomics studies have demonstrated that cancer is a molecularly heterogeneous disease, characterized by acquired changes in the structure and DNA sequence of tumor genomes. More recently, the role of the equally complex tumor microenvironment in driving the aggressiveness of this disease is increasingly being realized. Tumor cells are surrounded by activated stroma, creating a dynamic environment that promotes cancer development, metastasis and chemoresistance. The Rho family of small GTPases plays an essential role in the regulation of cell shape, cytokinesis, cell adhesion, and cell motility. Importantly, these processes need to be considered in the context of a complex 3-dimensional (3D) environment, with reciprocal feedback and cross-talk taking place between the tumor cells and host environment. Here we discuss the role of molecular networks involving Rho GTPases in cancer, and the therapeutic implications of inhibiting Rho signaling in both cancer cells and the emerging concept of targeting the surrounding stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pajic
- a The Kinghorn Cancer Center; Cancer Division; Garvan Institute of Medical Research ; Sydney , Australia
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29
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Hensel J, Duex JE, Owens C, Dancik GM, Edwards MG, Frierson HF, Theodorescu D. Patient Mutation Directed shRNA Screen Uncovers Novel Bladder Tumor Growth Suppressors. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1306-15. [PMID: 26078295 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of human bladder cancer has revealed many gene alterations compared with normal tissue, with most being predicted to be "loss of function." However, given the high number of alterations, evaluating the functional impact of each is impractical. Here, we develop and use a high-throughput, in vivo strategy to determine which alterations are loss of function in tumor growth suppressors. Genes reported as altered by NGS in bladder cancer patients were bioinformatically processed by MutationTaster and MutationAssessor, with 283 predicted as loss of function. An shRNA lentiviral library targeting these genes was transduced into T24 cells, a nontumorigenic human bladder cancer cell line, followed by injection into mice. Tumors that arose were sequenced and the dominant shRNA constructs were found to target IQGAP1, SAMD9L, PCIF1, MED1, and KATNAL1 genes. In vitro validation experiments revealed that shRNA molecules directed at IQGAP1 showed the most profound increase in anchorage-independent growth of T24 cells. The clinical relevance of IQGAP1 as a tumor growth suppressor is supported by the finding that its expression is lower in bladder cancer compared with benign patient urothelium in multiple independent datasets. Lower IQGAP1 protein expression associated with higher tumor grade and decreased patient survival. Finally, depletion of IQGAP1 leads to increased TGFBR2 with TGFβ signaling, explaining in part how reduced IQGAP1 promotes tumor growth. These findings suggest IQGAP1 is a bladder tumor growth suppressor that works via modulating TGFβ signaling and is a potentially clinically useful biomarker. IMPLICATIONS This study used gene mutation information from patient-derived bladder tumor specimens to inform the development of a screen used to identify novel tumor growth suppressors. This included identification of the protein IQGAP1 as a potent bladder cancer growth suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hensel
- Departments of Surgery (Urology) and Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jason E Duex
- Departments of Surgery (Urology) and Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Charles Owens
- Departments of Surgery (Urology) and Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Garrett M Dancik
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, Connecticut
| | - Michael G Edwards
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Henry F Frierson
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Departments of Surgery (Urology) and Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado. University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado.
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30
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Zheng Z, Liu B, Wu X. RhoGDI2 up-regulates P-glycoprotein expression via Rac1 in gastric cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:41. [PMID: 25901126 PMCID: PMC4404694 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major clinical obstacle in treatment of gastric cancer. Previously, using 2D electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, we identified RhoGDI2 as a contributor to 5-FU resistance in colon cancer cells, and also confer gastric cancer cells resistance to 5-FU. Here, we reported RhoGDI2 also induced MDR in gastric cancer cell line (MKN-45). To explore the underlining mechanism, we detected the mRNA, protein expression, activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in MKN-45 stably transfected with RhoGDI2 expressing or control vector. All the mRNA, protein level, activity were increased by 130%, 230%, 35% respectively after ectopic expression of RhoGDI2. RhoGDI2 was correlated with P-gp expression in gastric cancer tissues as detected by immunohistochemistry. To further study how RhoGDI2 up-regulates P-gp expression, we tested the activity of Rac1 in MKN-45/RhoGDI2 and MKN-45/GFP. Ectopic expression of RhoGDI2 increased Rac1 activity (P < 0.05). For more important, silencing of Rac1 expression by siRNA decreased P-gp expression to undetectable level. Overall, these findings suggest that RhoGDI2 up-regulates P-gp expression via Rac1 to induce MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
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31
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Knowles MA, Hurst CD. Molecular biology of bladder cancer: new insights into pathogenesis and clinical diversity. Nat Rev Cancer 2015; 15:25-41. [PMID: 25533674 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 812] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder comprises two long-recognized disease entities with distinct molecular features and clinical outcome. Low-grade non-muscle-invasive tumours recur frequently but rarely progress to muscle invasion, whereas muscle-invasive tumours are usually diagnosed de novo and frequently metastasize. Recent genome-wide expression and sequencing studies identify genes and pathways that are key drivers of urothelial cancer and reveal a more complex picture with multiple molecular subclasses that traverse conventional grade and stage groupings. This improved understanding of molecular features, disease pathogenesis and heterogeneity provides new opportunities for prognostic application, disease monitoring and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Knowles
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Carolyn D Hurst
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
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32
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Griner EM, Dancik GM, Costello JC, Owens C, Guin S, Edwards MG, Brautigan DL, Theodorescu D. RhoC Is an Unexpected Target of RhoGDI2 in Prevention of Lung Colonization of Bladder Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 13:483-92. [PMID: 25516960 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED RhoGDI2 (ARHGDIB) suppresses metastasis in a variety of cancers but the mechanism is unclear, thus hampering development of human therapeutics. RhoGDI2 is a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) for the Rho family of GTPases thought to primarily bind to Rac1; however, Rac1 activation was not decreased by RhoGDI2 expression in bladder cancer cells. To better understand the GTPase-binding partners for RhoGDI2, a mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach was used in bladder cancer cells. As expected, endogenous RhoGDI2 coimmunoprecipitates with Rac1 and unexpectedly also with RhoC. Further analysis demonstrated that RhoGDI2 negatively regulates RhoC, as knockdown of RhoGDI2 increased RhoC activation in response to serum stimulation. Conversely, overexpression of RhoGDI2 decreased RhoC activation. RhoC promoted bladder cancer cell growth and invasion, as knockdown increased cell doubling time, decreased invasion through Matrigel, and decreased colony formation in soft agar. Importantly, RhoC knockdown reduced in vivo lung colonization by bladder cancer cells following tail vein injection in immunocompromised mice. Finally, unbiased transcriptome analysis revealed a set of genes regulated by RhoGDI2 overexpression and RhoC knockdown in bladder cancer cells. IMPLICATIONS RhoGDI2 suppresses bladder cancer metastatic colonization via negative regulation of RhoC activity, providing a rationale for the development of therapeutics that target RhoC signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Griner
- Center for Cell Signaling and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Garrett M Dancik
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, Connecticut
| | - James C Costello
- Department of Surgery and Pharmacology University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Charles Owens
- Department of Surgery and Pharmacology University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sunny Guin
- Department of Surgery and Pharmacology University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael G Edwards
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David L Brautigan
- Center for Cell Signaling and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Department of Surgery and Pharmacology University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado. University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado.
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Marjoram RJ, Li Z, He L, Tollefsen DM, Kunicki TJ, Dickeson SK, Santoro SA, Zutter MM. α2β1 integrin, GPVI receptor, and common FcRγ chain on mouse platelets mediate distinct responses to collagen in models of thrombosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114035. [PMID: 25415203 PMCID: PMC4240667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Platelets express the α2β1 integrin and the glycoprotein VI (GPVI)/FcRγ complex, both collagen receptors. Understanding platelet-collagen receptor function has been enhanced through use of genetically modified mouse models. Previous studies of GPVI/FcRγ-mediated collagen-induced platelet activation were perfomed with mice in which the FcRγ subunit was genetically deleted (FcRγ−/−) or the complex was depleted. The development of α2β1−/− and GPVI−/− mice permits side-by-side comparison to address contributions of these collagen receptors in vivo and in vitro. Approach and Results To understand the different roles played by the α2β1 integrin, the GPVI receptor or FcRγ subunit in collagen-stimulated hemostasis and thrombosis, we compared α2β1−/−, FcRγ−/−, and GPVI−/− mice in models of endothelial injury and intravascular thrombosis in vivo and their platelets in collagen-stimulated activation in vitro. We demonstrate that both the α2β1 integrin and the GPVI receptor, but not the FcRγ subunit influence carotid artery occlusion in vivo. In contrast, the GPVI receptor and the FcRγ chain, but not the α2β1 integrin, play similar roles in intravascular thrombosis in response to soluble Type I collagen. FcRγ−/− platelets showed less attenuation of tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins including RhoGDI when compared to GPVI−/− and wild type platelets. The difference between FcRγ−/− and GPVI−/− platelet phosphotyrosine levels correlated with the in vivo thrombosis findings. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that genetic deletion of GPVI receptor, FcRγ chain, or the α2β1 integrin changes the thrombotic potentials of these platelets to collagen dependent on the stimulus mechanism. The data suggest that the FcRγ chain may provide a dominant negative effect through modulating signaling pathways in platelets involving several tyrosine phosphorylated proteins such as RhoGDI. In addition, these findings suggest a more complex signaling network downstream of the platelet collagen receptors than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J. Marjoram
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Zhengzhi Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Li He
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Douglas M. Tollefsen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Kunicki
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, United States of America
| | - S. Kent Dickeson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Samuel A. Santoro
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Mary M. Zutter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yu X, Woolery AR, Luong P, Hao YH, Grammel M, Westcott N, Park J, Wang J, Bian X, Demirkan G, Hang HC, Orth K, LaBaer J. Copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click chemistry)-based detection of global pathogen-host AMPylation on self-assembled human protein microarrays. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:3164-76. [PMID: 25073739 PMCID: PMC4223499 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.041103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPylation (adenylylation) is a recently discovered mechanism employed by infectious bacteria to regulate host cell signaling. However, despite significant effort, only a few host targets have been identified, limiting our understanding of how these pathogens exploit this mechanism to control host cells. Accordingly, we developed a novel nonradioactive AMPylation screening platform using high-density cell-free protein microarrays displaying human proteins produced by human translational machinery. We screened 10,000 unique human proteins with Vibrio parahaemolyticus VopS and Histophilus somni IbpAFic2, and identified many new AMPylation substrates. Two of these, Rac2, and Rac3, were confirmed in vivo as bona fide substrates during infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. We also mapped the site of AMPylation of a non-GTPase substrate, LyGDI, to threonine 51, in a region regulated by Src kinase, and demonstrated that AMPylation prevented its phosphorylation by Src. Our results greatly expanded the repertoire of potential host substrates for bacterial AMPylators, determined their recognition motif, and revealed the first pathogen-host interaction AMPylation network. This approach can be extended to identify novel substrates of AMPylators with different domains or in different species and readily adapted for other post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yu
- From the ‡The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Andrew R Woolery
- §Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9148, USA
| | - Phi Luong
- §Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9148, USA
| | - Yi Heng Hao
- §Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9148, USA
| | - Markus Grammel
- ¶The Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York 10065, USA
| | - Nathan Westcott
- ¶The Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jin Park
- From the ‡The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- From the ‡The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Xiaofang Bian
- From the ‡The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Gokhan Demirkan
- From the ‡The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Howard C Hang
- ¶The Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York 10065, USA
| | - Kim Orth
- §Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9148, USA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- From the ‡The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA;
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TAT-RhoGDI2, a novel tumor metastasis suppressor fusion protein: expression, purification and functional evaluation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9633-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Microenvironmental Influences on Metastasis Suppressor Expression and Function during a Metastatic Cell's Journey. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2014; 7:117-31. [PMID: 24938990 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-014-0148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the process of primary tumor cells breaking away and colonizing distant secondary sites. In order for a tumor cell growing in one microenvironment to travel to, and flourish in, a secondary environment, it must survive a series of events termed the metastatic cascade. Before departing the primary tumor, cells acquire genetic and epigenetic changes that endow them with properties not usually associated with related normal differentiated cells. Those cells also induce a subset of bone marrow-derived stem cells to mobilize and establish pre-metastatic niches [1]. Many tumor cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), where they transiently acquire morphologic changes, reduced requirements for cell-cell contact and become more invasive [2]. Invasive tumor cells eventually enter the circulatory (hematogenous) or lymphatic systems or travel across body cavities. In transit, tumor cells must resist anoikis, survive sheer forces and evade detection by the immune system. For blood-borne metastases, surviving cells then arrest or adhere to endothelial linings before either proliferating or extravasating. Eventually, tumor cells complete the process by proliferating to form a macroscopic mass [3].Up to 90 % of all cancer related morbidity and mortality can be attributed to metastasis. Surgery manages to ablate most primary tumors, especially when combined with chemotherapy and radiation. But if cells have disseminated, survival rates drop precipitously. While multiple parameters of the primary tumor are predictive of local or distant relapse, biopsies remain an imperfect science. The introduction of molecular and other biomarkers [4, 5] continue to improve the accuracy of prognosis. However, the invasive procedure introduces new complications for the patient. Likewise, the heterogeneity of any tumor population [3, 6, 7] means that sampling error (i.e., since it is impractical to examine the entire tumor) necessitates further improvements.In the case of breast cancer, for example, women diagnosed with stage I diseases (i.e., no evidence of invasion through a basement membrane) still have a ~30 % likelihood of developing distant metastases [8]. Many physicians and patients opt for additional chemotherapy in order to "mop up" cells that have disseminated and have the potential to grow into macroscopic metastases. This means that ~ 70 % of patients receive unnecessary therapy, which has undesirable side effects. Therefore, improving prognostic capability is highly desirable.Recent advances allow profiling of primary tumor DNA sequences and gene expression patterns to define a so-called metastatic signature [9-11], which can be predictive of patient outcome. However, the genetic changes that a tumor cell must undergo to survive the initial events of the metastatic cascade and colonize a second location belie a plasticity that may not be adequately captured in a sampling of heterogeneous tumors. In order to tailor or personalize patient treatments, a more accurate assessment of the genetic profile in the metastases is needed. Biopsy of each individual metastasis is not practical, safe, nor particularly cost-effective. In recent years, there has been a resurrection of the notion to do a 'liquid biopsy,' which essentially involves sampling of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and/or cell free nucleic acids (cfDNA, including microRNA (miRNA)) present in blood and lymph [12-16].The rationale for liquid biopsy is that tumors shed cells and/or genetic fragments into the circulation, theoretically making the blood representative of not only the primary tumor but also distant metastases. Logically, one would predict that the proportion of CTC and/or cfDNA would be proportionate to the likelihood of developing metastases [14]. While a linear relationship does not exist, the information within CTC or cfDNA is beginning to show great promise for enabling a global snapshot of the disease. However, the CTC and cfDNA are present at extremely low levels. Nonetheless, newer technologies capture enough material to enrich and sequence the patient's DNA or quantification of some biomarkers.Among the biomarkers showing great promise are metastasis suppressors which, by definition, block a tumor cell's ability to complete the metastatic process without prohibiting primary tumor growth [17]. Since the discovery of the first metastasis suppressor, Nm23, more than 30 have been functionally characterized. They function at various stages of the metastatic cascade, but their mechanisms of action, for the most part, remain ill-defined. Deciphering the molecular interactions of functional metastasis suppressors may provide insights for targeted therapies when these regulators cease to function and result in metastatic disease.In this brief review, we summarize what is known about the various metastasis suppressors and their functions at individual steps of the metastatic cascade (Table 1). Some of the subdivisions are rather arbitrary in nature, since many metastasis suppressors affect more than one step in the metastatic cascade. Nonetheless what emerges is a realization that metastasis suppressors are intimately associated with the microenvironments in which cancer cells find themselves [18].
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Metastasis suppressors in breast cancers: mechanistic insights and clinical potential. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 92:13-30. [PMID: 24311119 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
For the most part, normal epithelial cells do not disseminate to other parts of the body and proliferate, as do metastatic cells. Presumably, a class of molecules-termed metastasis suppressors-are involved in this homeostatic control. Metastasis suppressors are, by definition, cellular factors that, when re-expressed in metastatic cells, functionally inhibit metastasis without significantly inhibiting tumor growth. In this brief review, we catalog known metastasis suppressors, what is known about their mechanism(s) of action, and experimental and clinical associations to date.
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Luo J, Xu T, Li C, Ba X, Wang X, Jiang Y, Zeng X. p85-RhoGDI2, a novel complex, is required for PSGL-1-induced β1 integrin-mediated lymphocyte adhesion to VCAM-1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2764-73. [PMID: 24055812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 and β1 integrin play essential roles in T cell trafficking during inflammation. E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 are their ligands expressed on inflammation-activated endothelium. During the tethering and rolling of lymphocytes on endothelium, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 binds E-selectin and induces signals. Subsequently, β1 integrin is activated and mediates stable adhesion. However, the intracellular signal pathways from PSGL-1 to β1 integrin have not yet been fully understood. Here, we find that p85, a regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, forms a novel complex with Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor-2, a lymphocyte-specific RhoGTPases dissociation inhibitor. Phosporylations of the p85-bound Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor-2 on 130 and 153 tyrosine residues by c-Abl and Src were required for the complex to be recruited to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 and thereby regulate β1 integrin-mediated T cell adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Both shRNAs to Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor-2 and p85 and over-expression of Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor-2 Y130F and Y153F significantly reduced the above-mentioned adhesion. Although Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor-2 in the p85-Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor-2 complex was also phosphorylated on 24 tyrosine residue by Syk, the phosphorylation is not required for the adhesion. Taken together, we find that specific phosphorylations on 130 and 153 tyrosine residues of p85-bound Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor-2 are pivotal for P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1-induced β1 integrin-mediated lymphocyte adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. This will shed new light on the mechanisms that connect leukocyte initial rolling with subsequent adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixian Luo
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China; Department of Bioscience, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Yuan X, Yu L, Li J, Xie G, Rong T, Zhang L, Chen J, Meng Q, Irving AT, Wang D, Williams ED, Liu JP, Sadler AJ, Williams BRG, Shen L, Xu D. ATF3 suppresses metastasis of bladder cancer by regulating gelsolin-mediated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3625-37. [PMID: 23536558 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is associated with high recurrence and mortality rates due to metastasis. The elucidation of metastasis suppressors may offer therapeutic opportunities if their mechanisms of action can be elucidated and tractably exploited. In this study, we investigated the clinical and functional significance of the transcription factor activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in bladder cancer metastasis. Gene expression analysis revealed that decreased ATF3 was associated with bladder cancer progression and reduced survival of patients with bladder cancer. Correspondingly, ATF3 overexpression in highly metastatic bladder cancer cells decreased migration in vitro and experimental metastasis in vivo. Conversely, ATF3 silencing increased the migration of bladder cancer cells with limited metastatic capability in the absence of any effect on proliferation. In keeping with their increased motility, metastatic bladder cancer cells had increased numbers of actin filaments. Moreover, ATF3 expression correlated with expression of the actin filament severing protein gelsolin (GSN). Mechanistic studies revealed that ATF3 upregulated GSN, whereas ATF3 silencing reduced GSN levels, concomitant with alterations in the actin cytoskeleton. We identified six ATF3 regulatory elements in the first intron of the GSN gene confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Critically, GSN expression reversed the metastatic capacity of bladder cancer cells with diminished levels of ATF3. Taken together, our results indicate that ATF3 suppresses metastasis of bladder cancer cells, at least in part through the upregulation of GSN-mediated actin remodeling. These findings suggest ATF3 coupled with GSN as prognostic markers for bladder cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangliang Yuan
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory and Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Agarwal NK, Kazyken D, Sarbassov DD. Rictor encounters RhoGDI2: the second pilot is taking a lead. Small GTPases 2013; 4:102-5. [PMID: 23354413 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.23346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rictor's role in cell migration has been first indicated in the original chemotaxis studies in Dictyostelium and more recent studies reported that rictor is required for migration of cancer cells. How rictor promotes cell migration remains poorly characterized. Based on our proteomics study we have identified a novel functional role of rictor in regulation of cell migration. Here, we discuss our recent finding that rictor by suppressing RhoGDI2 maintains activity of the Rac1/cdc42 GTPases and promotes cell migration. Our finding outlines a critical role of rictor in the regulation of RhoGDI2 activity. This study opens new avenues in the investigation of cancer metastasis by analyzing the rictor dependent post-translational modification of RhoGDI2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin K Agarwal
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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41
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Jiang YS, Maeda M, Okamoto M, Fujii M, Fukutomi R, Hori M, Tatsuka M, Ota T. Centrosomal localization of RhoGDIβ and its relevance to mitotic processes in cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2012; 42:460-8. [PMID: 23232495 PMCID: PMC3583720 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) are regulators of Rho family GTPases. RhoGDIβ has been implicated in cancer progression, but its precise role remains unclear. We determined the subcellular localization of RhoGDIβ and examined the effects of its overexpression and RNAi knockdown in cancer cells. Immunofluorescence staining showed that RhoGDIβ localized to centrosomes in human cancer cells. In HeLa cells, exogenous GFP-tagged RhoGDIβ localized to centrosomes and its overexpression caused prolonged mitosis and aberrant cytokinesis in which the cell shape was distorted. RNAi knockdown of RhoGDIβ led to increased incidence of monopolar spindle mitosis resulting in polyploid cells. These results suggest that RhoGDIβ has mitotic functions, including regulation of cytokinesis and bipolar spindle formation. The dysregulated expression of RhoGDIβ may contribute to cancer progression by disrupting these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Jiang
- Division of Tumor Biology, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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Abstract
RhoGDI2 is a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) specific for the Rho family of small GTPases that plays dual opposite roles in tumor progression, being both a promoter in tissues such as breast and a metastasis suppressor in tissues such as the bladder. Despite a clear role for this protein in modulating the invasive and metastatic process, the mechanisms through which RhoGDI2 executes these functions remain unclear. This review will highlight the current state of our knowledge regarding how RhoGDI2 functions in metastasis with a focus on bladder cancer and will also seek to highlight other potential underappreciated avenues through which this protein may affect cancer cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Griner
- Center for Cell Signaling and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Thomas S, Harding MA, Smith SC, Overdevest JB, Nitz MD, Frierson HF, Tomlins SA, Kristiansen G, Theodorescu D. CD24 is an effector of HIF-1-driven primary tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer Res 2012; 72:5600-12. [PMID: 22926560 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia drives malignant progression in part by promoting accumulation of the oncogenic transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in tumor cells. Tumor aggressiveness also relates to elevation of the cancer stem cell-associated membrane protein CD24, which has been causally implicated in tumor formation and metastasis in experimental models. Here, we link these two elements by showing that hypoxia induces CD24 expression through a functional hypoxia responsive element in the CD24 promoter. HIF-1α overexpression induced CD24 mRNA and protein under normoxic conditions, with this effect traced to a recruitment of endogenous HIF-1α to the CD24 promoter. Short hairpin RNA-mediated attenuation of HIF-1α or CD24 expression reduced cancer cell survival in vitro and in vivo at the levels of primary and metastatic tumor growth. CD24 overexpression in HIF-1α-depleted cancer cells rescued this decrease, whereas HIF-1α overexpression in CD24-depleted cells did not. Analysis of clinical tumor specimens revealed a correlation between HIF-1α and CD24 levels and an association of their coexpression to decreased patient survival. Our results establish a mechanistic linkage between 2 critically important molecules in cancer, identifying CD24 as a critical HIF-1α transcriptional target and biologic effector, strengthening the rationale to target CD24 for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibu Thomas
- Departments of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Qayyum T, McArdle PA, Lamb GW, Jordan F, Orange C, Seywright M, Horgan PG, Jones RJ, Oades G, Aitchison MA, Edwards J. Expression and prognostic significance of Src family members in renal clear cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:856-63. [PMID: 22814579 PMCID: PMC3426751 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether Src family kinases (SFK) are expressed in renal cell cancer and to assess their prognostic significance. METHODS mRNA expression levels were investigated for the 8 SFK members by quantitative real-time PCR in 19 clear cell cancer tissue samples. Immunohistochemical staining was utilised to assess expression of Src kinase, dephosphorylated Src kinase at Y(530) (SrcY(530)), phosphorylated Src at Y(419) (SrcY(419)) and the downstream focal adhesion kinase (FAK) marker at the Y(861) site (FAK Y(861)) in a cohort of 57 clear cell renal cancer specimens. Expression was assessed using the weighted histoscore method. RESULTS Src, Lyn, Hck, Fgr and Fyn were the most highly expressed in renal cancer. All members were more highly expressed in T2 disease, and furthermore expression levels between T2 and T3 disease showed a significant decrease for Lck, Lyn, Fyn, Blk and Yes (P=0.032). Assessment of membrane, cytoplasm and nuclear expression of Src kinase, SrcY(530) and SrcY(419) were not significantly associated with cancer-specific survival. High expression of cytoplasmic FAK Y(861) was associated with decreased cancer-specific survival (P=0.001). On multivariate analysis, cytoplasmic FAK Y(861) was independently associated with cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio 3.35, 95% CI 1.40-7.98, P=0.006). CONCLUSION We have reported that all SFK members are expressed in renal cell carcinoma. The SFK members had their highest levels of expression before the disease no longer being organ confined. We hypothesise that these SFK members are upregulated before the cancer spreading out-with the organ and given that Src itself is not associated with cancer-specific survival but the presence of FAK Y(861), a downstream marker for SFK member activity is associated with decreased cancer-specific survival, we hypothesise that another SFK member is associated with decreased cancer-specific survival in renal cell cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Qayyum
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of MVLS, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK.
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Tnimov Z, Guo Z, Gambin Y, Nguyen UTT, Wu YW, Abankwa D, Stigter A, Collins BM, Waldmann H, Goody RS, Alexandrov K. Quantitative analysis of prenylated RhoA interaction with its chaperone, RhoGDI. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:26549-62. [PMID: 22628549 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.371294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases of the Rho family regulate cytoskeleton remodeling, cell polarity, and transcription, as well as the cell cycle, in eukaryotic cells. Membrane delivery and recycling of the Rho GTPases is mediated by Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI), which forms a stable complex with prenylated Rho GTPases. We analyzed the interaction of RhoGDI with the active and inactive forms of prenylated and unprenylated RhoA. We demonstrate that RhoGDI binds the prenylated form of RhoA·GDP with unexpectedly high affinity (K(d) = 5 pm). The very long half-life of the complex is reduced 25-fold on RhoA activation, with a concomitant reduction in affinity (K(d) = 3 nm). The 2.8-Å structure of the RhoA·guanosine 5'-[β,γ-imido] triphosphate (GMPPNP)·RhoGDI complex demonstrated that complex formation forces the activated RhoA into a GDP-bound conformation in the absence of nucleotide hydrolysis. We demonstrate that membrane extraction of Rho GTPase by RhoGDI is a thermodynamically favored passive process that operates through a series of progressively tighter intermediates, much like the one that is mediated by RabGDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Tnimov
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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DeGraff DJ, Clark PE, Cates JM, Yamashita H, Robinson VL, Yu X, Smolkin ME, Chang SS, Cookson MS, Herrick MK, Shariat SF, Steinberg GD, Frierson HF, Wu XR, Theodorescu D, Matusik RJ. Loss of the urothelial differentiation marker FOXA1 is associated with high grade, late stage bladder cancer and increased tumor proliferation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36669. [PMID: 22590586 PMCID: PMC3349679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 50% of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) develop metastatic disease, which is almost invariably lethal. However, our understanding of pathways that drive aggressive behavior of MIBC is incomplete. Members of the FOXA subfamily of transcription factors are implicated in normal urogenital development and urologic malignancies. FOXA proteins are implicated in normal urothelial differentiation, but their role in bladder cancer is unknown. We examined FOXA expression in commonly used in vitro models of bladder cancer and in human bladder cancer specimens, and used a novel in vivo tissue recombination system to determine the functional significance of FOXA1 expression in bladder cancer. Logistic regression analysis showed decreased FOXA1 expression is associated with increasing tumor stage (p<0.001), and loss of FOXA1 is associated with high histologic grade (p<0.001). Also, we found that bladder urothelium that has undergone keratinizing squamous metaplasia, a precursor to the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) exhibited loss of FOXA1 expression. Furthermore, 81% of cases of SCC of the bladder were negative for FOXA1 staining compared to only 40% of urothelial cell carcinomas. In addition, we showed that a subpopulation of FOXA1 negative urothelial tumor cells are highly proliferative. Knockdown of FOXA1 in RT4 bladder cancer cells resulted in increased expression of UPK1B, UPK2, UPK3A, and UPK3B, decreased E-cadherin expression and significantly increased cell proliferation, while overexpression of FOXA1 in T24 cells increased E-cadherin expression and significantly decreased cell growth and invasion. In vivo recombination of bladder cancer cells engineered to exhibit reduced FOXA1 expression with embryonic rat bladder mesenchyme and subsequent renal capsule engraftment resulted in enhanced tumor proliferation. These findings provide the first evidence linking loss of FOXA1 expression with histological subtypes of MIBC and urothelial cell proliferation, and suggest an important role for FOXA1 in the malignant phenotype of MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J DeGraff
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
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EGFR-mediated carcinoma cell metastasis mediated by integrin αvβ5 depends on activation of c-Src and cleavage of MUC1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36753. [PMID: 22586492 PMCID: PMC3346745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases and integrins play an essential role in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. We previously showed that EGF and other growth factors induce human carcinoma cell invasion and metastasis mediated by integrin αvβ5 that is prevented by Src blockade [1]. MUC1, a transmembrane glycoprotein, is expressed in most epithelial tumors as a heterodimer consisting of an extracellular and a transmembrane subunit. The MUC1 cytoplasmic domain of the transmembrane subunit (MUC1.CD) translocates to the nucleus where it promotes the transcription of a metastatic gene signature associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Here, we demonstrate a requirement for MUC1 in carcinoma cell metastasis dependent on EGFR and Src without affecting primary tumor growth. EGF stimulates Src-dependent MUC1 cleavage and nuclear localization leading to the expression of genes linked to metastasis. Moreover, expression of MUC1.CD results in its nuclear localization and is sufficient for transcription of the metastatic gene signature and tumor cell metastasis. These results demonstrate that EGFR and Src activity contribute to carcinoma cell invasion and metastasis mediated by integrin αvβ5 in part by promoting proteolytic cleavage of MUC1 and highlight the ability of MUC1.CD to promote metastasis in a context-dependent manner. Our findings may have implications for the use and future design of targeted therapies in cancers known to express EGFR, Src, or MUC1.
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Abstract
Rho family GTPases control a diverse range of cellular processes, and their deregulation has been implicated in human cancer. Guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) bind and sequester GTPases in the cytosol, restricting their actions. RhoGDI2 is a member of the GDI family that acts as a metastasis suppressor in a variety of cancer types; however, very little is known about the regulation and function of this protein. Here we present a mechanism for inactivation of RhoGDI2 via PKC phosphorylation of Ser 31 in a region that contacts GTPases. In cells, RhoGDI2 becomes rapidly phosphorylated at Ser 31 in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation. Based on the effects of pharmacological inhibitors and knockdown by siRNA, we determine that conventional type PKCα is responsible for this phosphorylation. Phospho-mimetic S31E-RhoGDI2 exhibits reduced binding to Rac1 relative to wild type, with a concomitant failure to reduce levels of activated endogenous Rac1 or remove Rac1 from membranes. These results reveal a mechanism of down-regulation of RhoGDI2 activity through PKC mediated phosphorylation of Ser 31. We hypothesize that this mechanism may serve to neutralize RhoGDI2 function in tumors that express RhoGDI2 and active PKCα.
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Said N, Sanchez-Carbayo M, Smith SC, Theodorescu D. RhoGDI2 suppresses lung metastasis in mice by reducing tumor versican expression and macrophage infiltration. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:1503-18. [PMID: 22406535 DOI: 10.1172/jci61392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Half of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer develop metastatic disease, and this is responsible for most of the deaths from this cancer. Low expression of RhoGTP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2; also known as ARHGDIB and Ly-GDI) is associated with metastatic disease in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Moreover, a reduction in metastasis is observed upon reexpression of RhoGDI2 in xenograft models of metastatic cancer. Here, we show that RhoGDI2 suppresses lung metastasis in mouse models by reducing the expression of isoforms V1 and V3 of the proteoglycan versican (VCAN; also known as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 2 [CSPG2]). In addition, we found that high versican levels portended poor prognosis in patients with bladder cancer. The functional importance of tumor expression of versican in promoting metastasis was established in in vitro and in vivo studies in mice that implicated a role for the chemokine CCL2 (also known as MCP1) and macrophages. Further analysis indicated that RhoGDI2 suppressed metastasis by altering inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. In summary, we demonstrate what we believe to be a new mechanism of metastasis suppression that works by reducing host responses that promote metastatic colonization of the lung. Therapeutic targeting of these interactions may provide a novel adjuvant strategy for delaying the appearance of clinical metastasis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen Said
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Qayyum T, Fyffe G, Duncan M, McArdle PA, Hilmy M, Orange C, Halbert G, Seywright M, Horgan PG, Underwood MA, Edwards J. The interrelationships between Src, Cav-1 and RhoGD12 in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:1187-95. [PMID: 22353809 PMCID: PMC3304420 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this current study was to assess the expression and activity of Src family kinases, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), caveolin (Cav-1) and RhoGD12 in bladder cancer. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with a new diagnosis of bladder cancer undergoing transurethral resection were included. Immunohistochemical staining was utilised to assess expression of c-Src, dephosphorylated (SrcY530), phosphorylated Src (Y419), phosphorylated FAK (FAK Y861), Cav-1 and RhoGD12. Expression was assessed using the weighted histoscore method. Results: High expression of dephosphorylated Y527, phosphorylated Y416 and phosphorylated FAK Y861 in the membrane were associated with increased cancer-specific survival (P=0. 01, P=0.001, P=0.008, respectively) and expression of Y416 in the membrane was an independent factor on multivariate analysis when combined with known clinical parameters (P=0.008, HR 0.288, 95% CI 0.11–0.72). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that in contrast to other solid tumours, activation of the Src family members and downstream signalling proteins are associated with a good prognosis in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and activated Src has a positive relationship with RhoGD12.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Qayyum
- Institute of Cancer, College of MVLS, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK
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