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Singh D, Dwivedi S, Singh N, Trivedi PK. HY5 and COP1 function antagonistically in the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108916. [PMID: 39002305 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine constitutes approximately 90% of the total alkaloid content in leaves within the Nicotiana species, rendering it the most prevalent alkaloid. While the majority of genes responsible for nicotine biosynthesis express in root tissue, the influence of light on this process through shoot-to-root mobile ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) has been recognized. CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1), a key regulator of light-associated responses, known for its role in modulating HY5 accumulation, remains largely unexplored in its relationship to light-dependent nicotine accumulation. Here, we identified NtCOP1, a COP1 homolog in Nicotiana tabacum, and demonstrated its ability to complement the cop1-4 mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana at molecular, morphological, and biochemical levels. Through the development of NtCOP1 overexpression (NtCOP1OX) plants, we observed a significant reduction in nicotine and flavonol content, inversely correlated with the down-regulation of nicotine and phenylpropanoid pathway. Conversely, CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout mutant plants (NtCOP1CR) exhibited an increase in nicotine levels. Further investigations, including yeast-two hybrid assays, grafting experiments, and Western blot analyses, revealed that NtCOP1 modulates nicotine biosynthesis by targeting NtHY5, thereby impeding its transport from shoot-to-root. We conclude that the interplay between HY5 and COP1 functions antagonistically in the light-dependent regulation of nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Singh
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shambhavi Dwivedi
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Nivedita Singh
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India; CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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2
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Li F, Shahsavarani M, Handy-Hart CJ, Côté A, Brasseur-Trottier X, Montgomery V, Beech RN, Liu L, Bayen S, Qu Y, De Luca V, Dastmalchi M. Characterization of a vacuolar importer of secologanin in Catharanthus roseus. Commun Biol 2024; 7:939. [PMID: 39097635 PMCID: PMC11298008 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA) biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus is a paragon of the spatiotemporal complexity achievable by plant specialized metabolism. Spanning a range of tissues, four cell types, and five cellular organelles, MIA metabolism is intricately regulated and organized. This high degree of metabolic differentiation requires inter-cellular and organellar transport, which remains understudied. Here, we have characterized a vacuolar importer of secologanin belonging to the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family, named CrMATE1. Phylogenetic analyses of MATEs suggested a role in alkaloid transport for CrMATE1, and in planta silencing in two varieties of C. roseus resulted in a shift in the secoiridoid and MIA profiles. Subcellular localization of CrMATE1 confirmed tonoplast localization. Biochemical characterization was conducted using the Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system to determine substrate range, directionality, and rate. We can confirm that CrMATE1 is a vacuolar importer of secologanin, translocating 1 mM of substrate within 25 min. The transporter displayed strict directionality and specificity for secologanin and did not accept other secoiridoid substrates. The unique substrate-specific activity of CrMATE1 showcases the utility of transporters as gatekeepers of pathway flux, mediating the balance between a defense arsenal and cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Li
- Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | | | | | - Audrey Côté
- Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | | | - Victoria Montgomery
- Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Robin N Beech
- Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Lan Liu
- Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Yang Qu
- Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Mehran Dastmalchi
- Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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3
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Ma L, Yuan J, Qin H, Zhang M, Zhang F, Yu F, Tian Z, Wang G. GmMATE100 Is Involved in the Import of Soyasaponins A and B into Vacuoles in Soybean Plants ( Glycine max L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:9994-10004. [PMID: 38648468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Triterpenoid saponins, synthesized via the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway in the cytoplasm, provide protection against pathogens and pests in plants and health benefits for humans. However, the mechanisms by which triterpenoid saponins are transported between cellular compartments remain uncharacterized. Here, we characterize a tonoplast localized multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter, GmMATE100 (encoded by Glyma.18G143700), from soybean (Glycine max L.). GmMATE100 is co-expressed with soyasaponin biosynthetic genes, and its expression was induced by MeJA treatment, which also led to soyasaponin accumulation in soybean roots. GmMATE100 efficiently transports multiple type-B soyasaponins as well as type-A soyasaponins with low affinity from the cytosol to the vacuole in a yeast system. The GmMATE100 loss-of-function mutant showed a significant decrease in type-A and type-B soyasaponin contents in soybean roots. This study not only characterized the first soybean triterpenoid saponin transporter but also provided new knowledge for the rational engineering of soyasaponin content and composition in soybean plants to modulate their levels within crop environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Ma
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
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4
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Shoji T, Hashimoto T, Saito K. Genetic regulation and manipulation of nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco: strategies to eliminate addictive alkaloids. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1741-1753. [PMID: 37647764 PMCID: PMC10938045 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a widely cultivated crop of the genus Nicotiana. Due to the highly addictive nature of tobacco products, tobacco smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death and disease. There is therefore a critical need to develop tobacco varieties with reduced or non-addictive nicotine levels. Nicotine and related pyridine alkaloids biosynthesized in the roots of tobacco plants are transported to the leaves, where they are stored in vacuoles as a defense against predators. Jasmonate, a defense-related plant hormone, plays a crucial signaling role in activating transcriptional regulators that coordinate the expression of downstream metabolic and transport genes involved in nicotine production. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in molecular and genomics research, revealing many metabolic and regulatory genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis. These advances have enabled us to develop tobacco plants with low or ultra-low nicotine levels through various methodologies, such as mutational breeding, genetic engineering, and genome editing. We review the recent progress on genetic manipulation of nicotine production in tobacco, which serves as an excellent example of plant metabolic engineering with profound social implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Shoji
- Instutute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Singh D, Dwivedi S, Sinha H, Singh N, Trivedi PK. Mutation in shoot-to-root mobile transcription factor, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5, leads to low nicotine levels in tobacco. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133255. [PMID: 38103287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco remains one of the most commercially important crops due to the parasympathomimetic alkaloid nicotine used in cigarettes. Most genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis are expressed in root tissues; however, their light-dependent regulation has not been studied. Here, we identified the ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 homolog, NtHY5, from Nicotiana tabacum and demonstrated that NtHY5 could complement the Arabidopsis thaliana hy5 mutant at molecular, morphological and biochemical levels. We report the development of CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout mutant plants of tobacco, NtHY5CR, and show down-regulation of the nicotine and phenylpropanoid pathway genes leading to a significant reduction in nicotine and flavonol content, whereas NtHY5 overexpression (NtHY5OX) plants show the opposite effect. Grafting experiments using wild-type, NtHY5CR, and NtHY5OX indicated that NtHY5 moves from shoot-to-root to regulate nicotine biosynthesis in the root tissue. Shoot HY5, directly or through enhancing expression of the root HY5, promotes nicotine biosynthesis by binding to light-responsive G-boxes present in the NtPMT, NtQPT and NtODC promoters. We conclude that the mobility of HY5 from shoot-to-root regulates light-dependent nicotine biosynthesis. The CRISPR/Cas9-based mutants developed, in this study; with low nicotine accumulation in leaves could help people to overcome their nicotine addiction and the risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shambhavi Dwivedi
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Hiteshwari Sinha
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nivedita Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India.
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6
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Dwivedi S, Singh D, Singh N, Trivedi PK. Advances in regulatory mechanism(s) and biotechnological approaches to modulate nicotine content in tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108397. [PMID: 38316099 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
More than 8 million deaths are caused by tobacco-related diseases every year. A staggering 1.2 million of those fatalities occur due to second-hand smoke exposure among non-smokers, but more than 7 million are due to direct tobacco use among smokers. Nicotine acts as the key ingredient triggering the addiction. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified more than 90 chemical components of tobacco and related smoke as hazardous or potentially hazardous leading to cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, and reproductive disorders. Hence, reducing nicotine content has been the foremost objective to reduce health and death risks. Therefore, various biotechnological approaches for developing tobacco varieties with low nicotine concentrations are urgently required for the welfare of humankind. In recent years, numerous advancements have been made in nicotine-based tobacco research, suggesting regulatory components involved in nicotine biosynthesis and developing nicotine-less tobacco varieties through biotechnological approaches. This review highlights the various regulatory components and major approaches used to modulate nicotine content in tobacco cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhavi Dwivedi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Deeksha Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Nivedita Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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7
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Dong B, Meng D, Song Z, Cao H, Du T, Qi M, Wang S, Xue J, Yang Q, Fu Y. CcNFYB3-CcMATE35 and LncRNA CcLTCS-CcCS modules jointly regulate the efflux and synthesis of citrate to enhance aluminium tolerance in pigeon pea. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:181-199. [PMID: 37776153 PMCID: PMC10754017 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) toxicity decreases crop production in acid soils in general, but many crops have evolved complex mechanisms to resist it. However, our current understanding of how plants cope with Al stress and perform Al resistance is still at the initial stage. In this study, the citrate transporter CcMATE35 was identified to be involved in Al stress response. The release of citrate was increased substantially in CcMATE35 over-expression (OE) lines under Al stress, indicating enhanced Al resistance. It was demonstrated that transcription factor CcNFYB3 regulated the expression of CcMATE35, promoting the release of citrate from roots to increase Al resistance in pigeon pea. We also found that a Long noncoding RNA Targeting Citrate Synthase (CcLTCS) is involved in Al resistance in pigeon pea. Compared with controls, overexpression of CcLTCS elevated the expression level of the Citrate Synthase gene (CcCS), leading to increases in root citrate level and citrate release, which forms another module to regulate Al resistance in pigeon pea. Simultaneous overexpression of CcNFYB3 and CcLTCS further increased Al resistance. Taken together, these findings suggest that the two modules, CcNFYB3-CcMATE35 and CcLTCS-CcCS, jointly regulate the efflux and synthesis of citrate and may play an important role in enhancing the resistance of pigeon pea under Al stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain WetlandsNational Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain WetlandsNational Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhihua Song
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain WetlandsNational Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hongyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain WetlandsNational Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tingting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain WetlandsNational Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Meng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain WetlandsNational Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shengjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain WetlandsNational Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jingyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain WetlandsNational Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain WetlandsNational Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yujie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain WetlandsNational Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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Kisaka H, Chin DP, Miwa T, Hirano H, Uchiyama S, Mii M, Iyo M. Development of an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method and its application in tryptophan pathway modification in Catharanthus roseus. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2023; 40:311-320. [PMID: 38434110 PMCID: PMC10902617 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.23.0819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The biosynthetic pathway of Catharanthus roseus vinca alkaloids has a long research history, including not only identification of metabolic intermediates but also the mechanisms of inter-cellular transport and accumulation of biosynthesized components. Vinca alkaloids pathway begins with strictosidine, which is biosynthesized by condensing tryptamine from the tryptophan pathway and secologanin from the isoprenoid pathway. Therefore, increasing the supply of precursor tryptophan may enhance vinca alkaloid content or their metabolic intermediates. Many reports on the genetic modification of C. roseus use cultured cells or hairy roots, but few reports cover the production of transgenic plants. In this study, we first investigated a method for stably producing transgenic plants of C. roseus, then, using this technique, we modified the tryptophan metabolism system to produce transgenic plants with increased tryptophan content. Transformed plants were obtained by infecting cotyledons two weeks after sowing with Agrobacterium strain A13 containing a plant expression vector, then selecting with 1/2 B5 medium supplemented with 50 mg l-1 kanamycin and 20 mg l-1 meropenem. Sixty-eight regenerated plants were obtained from 4,200 cotyledons infected with Agrobacterium, after which genomic PCR analysis using NPTII-specific primers confirmed gene presence in 24 plants with a transformation rate of 0.6%. Furthermore, we performed transformation into C. roseus using an expression vector to join trpE8 and aroG4 genes, which are feedback-resistant mutant genes derived from Escherichia coli. The resulting transformed plants showed exactly the same morphology as the wild-type, albeit with a marked increase in tryptophan and alkaloids content, especially catharanthine in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kisaka
- Biosolutions Development Section, Biosolutions Labs, Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Dong Poh Chin
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Miwa
- Biosolutions Development Section, Biosolutions Labs, Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hirano
- Biosolutions Development Section, Biosolutions Labs, Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Sato Uchiyama
- Biosolutions Development Section, Biosolutions Labs, Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mii
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Mayu Iyo
- Biosolutions Development Section, Biosolutions Labs, Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
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9
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Zheng Z, Gao J, Wang C, Peng H, Zeng J, Chen F. Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of the MATE gene family in carmine radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Gene 2023; 887:147734. [PMID: 37625557 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Carmine radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is famousforcontaininganaturalredpigment(redradishpigment) that grown in Fuling, Chongqing City, China. MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion), as an integral member of the multidrug efflux transporter family, has various functions in plants. However, noinformationhasbeenavailableaboutcharacteristicsoftheMATEgenefamily in carmine radish. In this study, total of 85 candidate MATE gene family members classifiedinto 4 groups were identified and foundtobewidelyandrandomlydistributedindifferent genome. Synteny analysis revealed that twenty-one segmental and ten tandem duplications acted as important regulators for the expansion of RsMATE genes. The Ka/Ks ratios of RsMATE indicated that RsMATE may have undergone intense purification in the radish genome. Cis-acting element analysis of RsMATE in the promoter region indicated that RsMATE were mainly related to the abiotic stress response and phytohormone. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that RsMATE40-b, RsMATE16-b and RsMATE13-a genes were significantly expressed under ABA (abscisic acid) and NaCl stress treatments respectively. In addition, the expression patterns of fifteen key RsMATE genes were investigated in 'XCB' (Xichangbai) and 'HX' (Hongxin) roots under Cadmium (Cd) stress for different treatment times using qRT-PCR, of those, RsMATE49-b, RsMATE33 and RsMATE26 transcripts were strongly altered at different time points in XCB responsive to Cd stress,compared to HX. This study will provide valuable insights for studying the functional characterization of the MATE gene in carmine radish and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfei Zheng
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, WanZhou, 404100 Chongqing, China; School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100 Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Gao
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100 Chongqing, China.
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, WanZhou, 404100 Chongqing, China; School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100 Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Research Centre for Tourism Agriculture Development, Sichuan Tourism College, Chengdu 610100, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100 Chongqing, China
| | - Fabo Chen
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100 Chongqing, China
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10
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Stanfill SB, Hecht SS, Joerger AC, González PJ, Maia LB, Rivas MG, Moura JJG, Gupta AK, Le Brun NE, Crack JC, Hainaut P, Sparacino-Watkins C, Tyx RE, Pillai SD, Zaatari GS, Henley SJ, Blount BC, Watson CH, Kaina B, Mehrotra R. From cultivation to cancer: formation of N-nitrosamines and other carcinogens in smokeless tobacco and their mutagenic implications. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:658-701. [PMID: 38050998 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2264327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality globally. Tobacco products, including smokeless tobacco (ST), generally contain tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs), such as N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanone (NNK), which are potent carcinogens that cause mutations in critical genes in human DNA. This review covers the series of biochemical and chemical transformations, related to TSNAs, leading from tobacco cultivation to cancer initiation. A key aim of this review is to provide a greater understanding of TSNAs: their precursors, the microbial and chemical mechanisms that contribute to their formation in ST, their mutagenicity leading to cancer due to ST use, and potential means of lowering TSNA levels in tobacco products. TSNAs are not present in harvested tobacco but can form due to nitrosating agents reacting with tobacco alkaloids present in tobacco during certain types of curing. TSNAs can also form during or following ST production when certain microorganisms perform nitrate metabolism, with dissimilatory nitrate reductases converting nitrate to nitrite that is then released into tobacco and reacts chemically with tobacco alkaloids. When ST usage occurs, TSNAs are absorbed and metabolized to reactive compounds that form DNA adducts leading to mutations in critical target genes, including the RAS oncogenes and the p53 tumor suppressor gene. DNA repair mechanisms remove most adducts induced by carcinogens, thus preventing many but not all mutations. Lastly, because TSNAs and other agents cause cancer, previously documented strategies for lowering their levels in ST products are discussed, including using tobacco with lower nornicotine levels, pasteurization and other means of eliminating microorganisms, omitting fermentation and fire-curing, refrigerating ST products, and including nitrite scavenging chemicals as ST ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Stanfill
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andreas C Joerger
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pablo J González
- Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional Litoral, and CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luisa B Maia
- Department of Chemistry, LAQV, REQUIMTE, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria G Rivas
- Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional Litoral, and CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - José J G Moura
- Department of Chemistry, LAQV, REQUIMTE, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - Nick E Le Brun
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jason C Crack
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Pierre Hainaut
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Courtney Sparacino-Watkins
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, PA, USA
| | - Robert E Tyx
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suresh D Pillai
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National Center for Electron Beam Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ghazi S Zaatari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - S Jane Henley
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Clifford H Watson
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Centre for Health, Innovation and Policy Foundation, Noida, India
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11
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Liu Y, Wu X, Sun C, Chen W, Zhang M, Liu N, Zhang Q, Xu L, Luo Z. Preferential transport activity of DkDTX5/MATE5 affects the formation of different astringency in persimmon. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2304-2319. [PMID: 37526209 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are specialized metabolites that influence persimmon fruit quality. Normal astringent (A)-type and non-astringent (NA)-type mutants show significant variation in PA accumulation, but the influencing mechanism remains unclear. In this study, among the six identified DTXs/MATEs proteins associated with PA accumulation, we observed that allelic variation and preferential transport by DkDTX5/MATE5 induced variation in PA accumulation for A-type and NA-type fruit. The expression pattern of DkDTX5/MATE5 was correlated with PA accumulation in NA-type fruit. Upregulation and downregulation of DkDTX5/MATE5 promoted and inhibited PA accumulation, respectively, in the NA-type fruit. Interestingly, transporter assays of Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that DkDTX5/MATE5 preferentially transported the PA precursors catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate, resulting in their increased ratios relative to the total PAs, which was the main source of variation in PA accumulation between the A-type and NA-type. The allele lacking Ser-84 in DkDTX5/MATE5 was identified as a dominantly expressed gene in the A-type and lost its transport function. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that DkDTX5/MATE5 binds to PA precursors via Ser-84. These findings clarify the association between the transporter function of DkDTX5/MATE5 and PA variation, and can contribute to the breeding of new cultivars with improved fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xin Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chenfeng Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Niannian Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liqing Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhengrong Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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12
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Mall M, Shanker K, Nagegowda DA, Samad A, Kalra A, Pandey A, Sundaresan V, Shukla AK. Temperature-induced lipocalin-mediated membrane integrity: Possible implications for vindoline accumulation in Catharanthus roseus leaves. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13994. [PMID: 37882277 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipocalins perform diverse functions. Recently, allene oxide cyclase, a lipocalin family member, has been shown to co-express with vindoline pathway genes in Catharanthus roseus under various biotic/abiotic stresses. This brought focus to another family member, a temperature-induced lipocalin (CrTIL), which was selected for full-length cloning, tissue-specific expression profiling, in silico characterization, and upstream genomic region analysis for cis-regulatory elements. Stress-mediated variations in CrTIL expression were reflected as disturbances in cell membrane integrity, assayed through measurement of electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation product, MDA, which implicated the role of CrTIL in maintaining cell membrane integrity. For ascertaining the function of CrTIL in maintaining membrane stability and elucidating the relationship between CrTIL expression and vindoline content, if any, a direct approach was adopted, whereby CrTIL was transiently silenced and overexpressed in C. roseus. CrTIL silencing and overexpression confirmed its role in the maintenance of membrane integrity and indicated an inverse relationship of its expression with vindoline content. GFP fusion-based subcellular localization indicated membrane localization of CrTIL, which was in agreement with its role in maintaining membrane integrity. Altogether, the role of CrTIL in maintaining membrane structure has possible implications for the intracellular sequestration, storage, and viability of vindoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesha Mall
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Abdul Samad
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Kalra
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Pandey
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Velusamy Sundaresan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashutosh K Shukla
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Ma Y, Li D, Zhong Y, Wang X, Li L, Osbourn A, Lucas WJ, Huang S, Shang Y. Vacuolar MATE/DTX protein-mediated cucurbitacin C transport is co-regulated with bitterness biosynthesis in cucumber. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:995-1003. [PMID: 36732026 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-localized transporters constitute important components for specialized metabolism in plants. However, due to the vast array of specialized metabolites produced by plants, and the large families of transporter genes, knowledge about the intracellular and intercellular transport of plant metabolites is still in its infancy. Cucurbitacins are bitter and defensive triterpenoids produced mainly in the cucurbits. Using a comparative genomics and multi-omics approach, a MATE gene (CsMATE1), physically clustered with cucurbitacin C (CuC) biosynthetic genes, was identified and functionally shown to sequester CuC in cucumber leaf mesophyll cells. Notably, the CuC transport process is strictly co-regulated with CuC biosynthesis. CsMATE1 clustering with bitterness biosynthesis genes may provide benefits and a basis for this feedback regulation on CuC sequestration and biosynthesis. Identification of transport systems for plant-specialized metabolites can accelerate the metabolic engineering of high-value-added compounds by simplifying their purification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuo Ma
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518116, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Dawei Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Yang Zhong
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Legong Li
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Anne Osbourn
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - William J Lucas
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518116, China
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Yi Shang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, The CAAS-YNNU-YINMORE Joint Academy of Potato Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy (Ministry of Education), Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
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14
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Raorane ML, Manz C, Hildebrandt S, Mielke M, Thieme M, Keller J, Bunzel M, Nick P. Cell type matters: competence for alkaloid metabolism differs in two seed-derived cell strains of Catharanthus roseus. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:349-369. [PMID: 35697946 PMCID: PMC9931846 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine, Catharanthus roseus has been intensively studied for biosynthesis of several terpene indole alkaloids (TIAs). Due to their low abundance in plant tissues at a simultaneously high demand, modes of production alternative to conventional extraction are mandatory. Plant cell fermentation might become one of these alternatives, yet decades of research have shown limited success to certain product classes, leading to the question: how to preserve the intrinsic ability to produce TIAs (metabolic competence) in cell culture? We used the strategy to use the developmental potency of mature embryos to generate such strains. Two cell strains (C1and C4) from seed embryos of Catharanthus roseus were found to differ not only morphologically, but also in their metabolic competence. This differential competence became manifest not only under phytohormone elicitation, but also upon feeding with alkaloid pathway precursors. The more active strain C4 formed larger cell aggregates and was endowed with longer mitochondria. These cellular features were accompanied by higher alkaloid accumulation in response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) elicitation. The levels of catharanthine could be increased significantly, while the concurrent vindoline branch of the pathway was blocked, such that no bisindole alkaloids were detectable. By feeding vindoline to MeJA-elicited C4 cells, vincristine became detectable; however, only to marginal amounts. In conclusion, these results show that cultured cells are not "de-differentiated", but can differ in metabolic competence. In addition to elicitation and precursor feeding, the cellular properties of the "biomatter" are highly relevant for the success of plant cell fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish L Raorane
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle-WittenbergHalle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Christina Manz
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sarah Hildebrandt
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marion Mielke
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marc Thieme
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Judith Keller
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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15
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Demurtas OC, Nicolia A, Diretto G. Terpenoid Transport in Plants: How Far from the Final Picture? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:634. [PMID: 36771716 PMCID: PMC9919377 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Contrary to the biosynthetic pathways of many terpenoids, which are well characterized and elucidated, their transport inside subcellular compartments and the secretion of reaction intermediates and final products at the short- (cell-to-cell), medium- (tissue-to-tissue), and long-distance (organ-to-organ) levels are still poorly understood, with some limited exceptions. In this review, we aim to describe the state of the art of the transport of several terpene classes that have important physiological and ecological roles or that represent high-value bioactive molecules. Among the tens of thousands of terpenoids identified in the plant kingdom, only less than 20 have been characterized from the point of view of their transport and localization. Most terpenoids are secreted in the apoplast or stored in the vacuoles by the action of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. However, little information is available regarding the movement of terpenoid biosynthetic intermediates from plastids and the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Through a description of the transport mechanisms of cytosol- or plastid-synthesized terpenes, we attempt to provide some hypotheses, suggestions, and general schemes about the trafficking of different substrates, intermediates, and final products, which might help develop novel strategies and approaches to allow for the future identification of terpenoid transporters that are still uncharacterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Costantina Demurtas
- Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Biotechnology Laboratory, Casaccia Research Center, ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Nicolia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Biotechnology Laboratory, Casaccia Research Center, ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 00123 Rome, Italy
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16
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Pal L, Dwivedi V, Gupta SK, Saxena S, Pandey A, Chattopadhyay D. Biochemical analysis of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin and their regulation in determining chickpea flower and seed coat colour. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:130-148. [PMID: 36205079 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flower and seed coat colour are important agronomic traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Cultivated chickpeas are of two types namely, desi (dark seeded, purple flowered) and kabuli (light seeded, white flowered). There has been limited information about the molecular mechanism underlying colour variation of flower and seed coats in desi and kabuli chickpea. We profiled the anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin (PA) contents in chickpea flowers and seed coats. Tissue-specific silencing of two genes encoding a basic helix-loop-helix (CabHLH) protein and a tonoplast-localized multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (CaMATE1) transporter in a desi genotype resulted in the reduction in expression of anthocyanin and PA biosynthetic genes and anthocyanin and PA contents in the flower and seed coat, and produced flowers and seeds with kabuli characteristics. Transcriptional regulation of a subset of anthocyanin and PA biosynthetic genes by a natural CabHLH variant and transport assay of a natural CaMATE1 variant explained the association of these alleles with the kabuli phenotype. We carried out a detailed molecular characterization of these genes, and provided evidence that kabuli chickpea flower and seed colour phenotypes can be derived by manipulation of single genes in a desi chickpea background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Pal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vikas Dwivedi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Samiksha Saxena
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Debasis Chattopadhyay
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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17
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Zhang Y, Wei K, Guo L, Lei Y, Cheng H, Chen C, Wang L. Functional identification of purine permeases reveals their roles in caffeine transport in tea plants ( Camellia sinensis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1033316. [PMID: 36589051 PMCID: PMC9798130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1033316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is a characteristic secondary metabolite in tea plants. It confers tea beverage with unique flavor and excitation effect on human body. The pathway of caffeine biosynthesis has been generally established, but the mechanism of caffeine transport remains unclear. Here, eight members of purine permeases (PUPs) were identified in tea plants. They had diverse expression patterns in different tissues, suggesting their broad roles in caffeine metabolism. In this study, F1 strains of "Longjing43" ♂ × "Baihaozao" ♀ and different tea cultivars were used as materials to explore the correlation between caffeine content and gene expression. The heterologous expression systems of yeast and Arabidopsis were applied to explore the function of CsPUPs. Correlation analysis showed that the expressions of CsPUP1, CsPUP3.1, and CsPUP10.1 were significantly negatively correlated with caffeine content in tea leaves of eight strains and six cultivars. Furthermore, subcellular localization revealed that the three CsPUPs were not only located in plasma membrane but also widely distributed as circular organelles in cells. Functional complementation assays in yeast showed that the three CsPUPs could partly or completely rescue the defective function of fcy2 mutant in caffeine transport. Among them, transgenic yeast of CsPUP10.1 exhibited the strongest transport capacity for caffeine. Consistent phenotypes and functions were further identified in the CsPUP10.1-over-expression Arabidopsis lines. Taken together, it suggested that CsPUPs were involved in caffeine transport in tea plants. Potential roles of CsPUPs in the intracellular transport of caffeine among different subcellular organelles were proposed. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on the PUP genes and new insights for caffeine metabolism in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, China
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Lei
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Changsong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, China
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18
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Lewerenz L, Abouzeid S, Yahyazadeh M, Hijazin T, Selmar D. Novel Cognitions in Allelopathy: Implications from the "Horizontal Natural Product Transfer". PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3264. [PMID: 36501305 PMCID: PMC9741141 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Whereas the translocation of allelochemicals between plants is well established, a related general transfer of genuine specialized metabolites has not been considered so far. The elucidation of the so-called "Horizontal Natural Product Transfer" revealed that alkaloids, such as nicotine and pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are leached out from decomposing alkaloid-containing plants (donor plants), are indeed taken up by the roots of plants growing in the vicinity (acceptor plants). Further studies demonstrated that phenolic compounds, such as coumarins or stilbenes, are also taken up by acceptor plants. Contemporary analyses from co-cultivation experiments outlined that natural products are not exclusively transferred from dead and rotting donor plant materials, but also from vital plants. In analogy to xenobiotics, the imported specialized metabolites might also be modified within the acceptor plants. As known from the uptake of xenobiotics, the import of specialized metabolites is also generally due to a simple diffusion of the substances across the biomembranes and does not require a carrier. The uptake depends in stricto sensu on the physicochemical properties of the certain compound. This article presents a current overview of the phenomenon of "Horizontal Natural Product Transfer" and discusses its relevance for our understanding of allelopathic interactions. The knowledge that specialized metabolites might in general be readily translocated from one plant into others should significantly contribute to our understanding of plant-plant interactions and-in particular-to the evolution of typical allelopathic effects, such as inhibition of growth and germination of potential competitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lewerenz
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sara Abouzeid
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahdi Yahyazadeh
- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran P.O. Box 13185-116, Iran
| | - Tahani Hijazin
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Mutah 61710, Jordan
| | - Dirk Selmar
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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19
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Islam NS, Duwadi K, Chen L, Pajak A, McDowell T, Marsolais F, Dhaubhadel S. Global analysis of common bean multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporters (PvMATEs): PvMATE8 and pinto bean seed coat darkening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1046597. [PMID: 36438155 PMCID: PMC9686396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1046597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), postharvest seed coat darkening is an undesirable trait that affects crop value. The increased accumulation of proanthocyanidins (PAs) in the seed coat results in darker seeds in many market classes of colored beans after harvest. The precursors of PAs are synthesized in the cytoplasm, and subsequently get glycosylated and then transported to the vacuoles where polymerization occurs. Thus, vacuolar transporters play an important role in the accumulation of PAs. Here, we report that common bean genome contains 59 multidrug and toxic compound extrusion genes (PvMATEs). Phylogenetic analysis of putative PvMATEs with functionally characterized MATEs from other plant species categorized them into substrate-specific clades. Our data demonstrate that a vacuolar transporter PvMATE8 is expressed at a higher level in the pinto bean cultivar CDC Pintium (regular darkening) compared to 1533-15 (slow darkening). PvMATE8 localizes in the vacuolar membrane and rescues the PA deficient (tt12) mutant phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana. Analysis of PA monomers in transgenic seeds together with wild-type and mutants suggests a possible feedback regulation of PA biosynthesis and accumulation. Identification of PvMATE8 will help better understand the mechanism of PA accumulation in common bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat S. Islam
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kishor Duwadi
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ling Chen
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aga Pajak
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tim McDowell
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Frédéric Marsolais
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sangeeta Dhaubhadel
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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20
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Gani U, Nautiyal AK, Kundan M, Rout B, Pandey A, Misra P. Two homeologous MATE transporter genes, NtMATE21 and NtMATE22, are involved in the modulation of plant growth and flavonol transport in Nicotiana tabacum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6186-6206. [PMID: 35662335 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) protein family has been implicated in the transport of a diverse range of molecules, including specialized metabolites. In tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), only a limited number of MATE transporters have been functionally characterized, and no MATE transporter has been studied in the context of flavonoid transport in this plant species so far. In the present study, we characterize two homeologous tobacco MATE genes, NtMATE21 and NtMATE22, and demonstrate their role in flavonol transport and in plant growth and development. The expression of these two genes was reported to be up-regulated in trichomes as compared with the trichome-free leaf. The transcript levels of NtMATE21 and NtMATE22 were found to be higher in flavonol overproducing tobacco transgenic lines as compared with wild type tobacco. The two transporters were demonstrated to be localized to the plasma membrane. Genetic manipulation of NtMATE21 and NtMATE22 led to altered growth phenotypes and modulated flavonol contents in N. tabacum. The β-glucuronidase and green fluorescent protein fusion transgenic lines of promoter regions suggested that NtMATE21 and NtMATE22 are exclusively expressed in the trichome heads in the leaf tissue and petals. Moreover, in a transient transactivation assay, NtMYB12, a flavonol-specific MYB transcription factor, was found to transactivate the expression of NtMATE21 and NtMATE22 genes. Together, our results strongly suggest the involvement of NtMATE21 and NtMATE22 in flavonol transport as well as in the regulation of plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Gani
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Nautiyal
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Maridul Kundan
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Biswaranjan Rout
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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21
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Wang S, Cao X, Meng X, Aili M, Dou Q, Wang Y, Wahab AT, Chen S, Sun W, Wan H, Chen W. Characterization and expression analysis of MATEs in Cannabis sativa L. reveals genes involving in cannabinoid synthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1021088. [PMID: 36311070 PMCID: PMC9606718 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1021088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Cannabis sativa L. (C. sativa) accumulates plant cytotoxic but medicinally important cannabinoids in glandular trichomes and flowers of female plants. Although the major biosynthetic pathway of cannabinoids has been revealed, their transportation mechanism is still unknown. Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion proteins (MATEs) can transport plant metabolites, ions and phytohormones intra and inter-cellularly. MATEs could have the potential to translocate cannabinoids or their synthetic intermediates to cellular compartment, thus protecting them from unwanted modifications and cytotoxicity. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Cannabis sativa MATEs (CsMATEs) and revealed 42 CsMATEs that were classified phylogenetically into four conserved subfamilies. Forty-two CsMATEs were unevenly distributed on 10 chromosomes, with 50% CsMATEs were physically adjacent to at least one another CsMATEs and 83% CsMATEs localized on plasma membrane. Tandem duplication is the major evolutionary driving force for CsMATEs expansion. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed CsMATE23, CsMATE28 and CsMATE34 mainly expressed in flower, whereas CsMATE17 and CsMATE27 showed strong transcription in root. Light responsive cis-acting element was most abundant in promoters of CsMATE23, CsMATE28 and CsMATE34. Finally, the contents of cannabinoids and corresponding biosynthetic intermediates as well as expressions of CsMATE28 and CsMATE34 were determined under UV-B treatment, among which strong correlation was found. Our results indicates that CsMATEs might involve in biosynthesis of cannabinoids and has the potential to be used in heterologous production of cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangxiao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maimaiti Aili
- Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uyghur Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Qin Dou
- Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uyghur Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hussain Ebrahim Jamal Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Atia Tul Wahab
- Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huihua Wan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uyghur Medicine, Urumqi, China
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22
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Liu S, Li Y, Fang H, Huang B, Zhao C, Sun C, Li S, Chen K. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of MATE gene family in citrus fruit (Citrus clementina). Genomics 2022; 114:110446. [PMID: 35953015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins are a class of secondary active multidrug transporters. In plants, this family has significantly expanded and is involved in numerous plant physiological processes. Although MATE proteins have been identified in an increasing number of species, the understanding about this family in citrus remains unclear. In this study, a total of 69 MATE transporters were identified in the citrus genome (Citrus clementina) and classified into four groups by phylogenetic analysis. Tandem and segmental duplication events were the main causes of the citrus MATE family expansion. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses were performed during citrus fruit development. The results indicated that CitMATE genes showed specific expression profiles in citrus peels and flesh at different developmental stages. Combined with the variations of flavonoids and citrate levels in citrus fruit, we suggested that CitMATE43 and CitMATE66 may be involved in the transport process of flavonoids and citrate in citrus fruit, respectively. In addition, two flavonoids positive regulators, CitERF32 and CitERF33, both directly bind to and activated the CitMATE43 promoter. Our results provide comprehensive information on citrus MATE genes and valuable understanding for the flavonoids and citrate metabolism in citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Liu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yinchun Li
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Heting Fang
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Boyu Huang
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chenning Zhao
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chongde Sun
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shaojia Li
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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23
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Jia Y, Pradeep K, Vance WH, Zhang X, Weir B, Wei H, Deng Z, Zhang Y, Xu X, Zhao C, Berger JD, Bell RW, Li C. Identification of two chickpea multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter genes transcriptionally upregulated upon aluminum treatment in root tips. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:909045. [PMID: 35991422 PMCID: PMC9389367 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.909045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity poses a significant challenge for the yield improvement of chickpea, which is an economically important legume crop with high nutritional value in human diets. The genetic basis of Al-tolerance in chickpea remains unclear. Here, we assessed the Al-tolerance of 8 wild Cicer and one cultivated chickpea (PBA Pistol) accessions by measuring the root elongation in solution culture under control (0 μM Al3+) and Al treatments (15, 30 μM Al3+). Compared to PBA Pistol, the wild Cicer accessions displayed both tolerant and sensitive phenotypes, supporting wild Cicer as a potential genetic pool for Al-tolerance improvement. To identify potential genes related to Al-tolerance in chickpea, genome-wide screening of multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) encoding genes was performed. Fifty-six MATE genes were identified in total, which can be divided into 4 major phylogenetic groups. Four chickpea MATE genes (CaMATE1-4) were clustered with the previously characterized citrate transporters MtMATE66 and MtMATE69 in Medicago truncatula. Transcriptome data showed that CaMATE1-4 have diverse expression profiles, with CaMATE2 being root-specific. qRT-PCR analyses confirmed that CaMATE2 and CaMATE4 were highly expressed in root tips and were up-regulated upon Al treatment in all chickpea lines. Further measurement of carboxylic acids showed that malonic acid, instead of malate or citrate, is the major extruded acid by Cicer spp. root. Protein structural modeling analyses revealed that CaMATE2 has a divergent substrate-binding cavity from Arabidopsis AtFRD3, which may explain the different acid-secretion profile for chickpea. Pangenome survey showed that CaMATE1-4 have much higher genetic diversity in wild Cicer than that in cultivated chickpea. This first identification of CaMATE2 and CaMATE4 responsive to Al3+ treatment in Cicer paves the way for future functional characterization of MATE genes in Cicer spp., and to facilitate future design of gene-specific markers for Al-tolerant line selection in chickpea breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jia
- Western Crop Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Primary Industry and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karthika Pradeep
- Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Future Foods Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wendy H. Vance
- Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Future Foods Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xia Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Brayden Weir
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hongru Wei
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xuexin Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Changxing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Richard William Bell
- Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Future Foods Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Crop Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Primary Industry and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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24
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Jäckel L, Schnabel A, Stellmach H, Klauß U, Matschi S, Hause G, Vogt T. The terminal enzymatic step in piperine biosynthesis is co-localized with the product piperine in specialized cells of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:731-747. [PMID: 35634755 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Piperine (1-piperoyl piperidine) is responsible for the pungent perception of dried black pepper (Piper nigrum) fruits and essentially contributes to the aromatic properties of this spice in combination with a blend of terpenoids. The final step in piperine biosynthesis involves piperine synthase (PS), which catalyzes the reaction of piperoyl CoA and piperidine to the biologically active and pungent amide. Nevertheless, experimental data on the cellular localization of piperine and the complete biosynthetic pathway are missing. Not only co-localization of enzymes and products, but also potential transport of piperamides to the sink organs is a possible alternative. This work, which includes purification of the native enzyme, immunolocalization, laser microdissection, fluorescence microscopy, and electron microscopy combined with liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), provides experimental evidence that piperine and PS are co-localized in specialized cells of the black pepper fruit perisperm. PS accumulates during early stages of fruit development and its level declines before the fruits are fully mature. The product piperine is co-localized to PS and can be monitored at the cellular level by its strong bluish fluorescence. Rising piperine levels during fruit maturation are consistent with the increasing numbers of fluorescent cells within the perisperm. Signal intensities of individual laser-dissected cells when monitored by LC-ESI-MS/MS indicate molar concentrations of this alkaloid. Significant levels of piperine and additional piperamides were also detected in cells distributed in the cortex of black pepper roots. In summary, the data provide comprehensive experimental evidence of and insights into cell-specific biosynthesis and storage of piperidine alkaloids, specific and characteristic for the Piperaceae. By a combination of fluorescence microscopy and LC-MS/MS analysis we localized the major piperidine alkaloids to specific cells of the fruit perisperm and the root cortex. Immunolocalization of native piperine and piperamide synthases shows that enzymes are co-localized with high concentrations of products in these idioblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Jäckel
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Arianne Schnabel
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hagen Stellmach
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulrike Klauß
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Susanne Matschi
- Department of Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- Electron Microscopy Lab, Biocenter, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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25
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Watanabe M, Otagaki S, Matsumoto S, Shiratake K. Genome-Wide Analysis of Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extruction Transporters in Grape. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:892638. [PMID: 35909729 PMCID: PMC9330396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.892638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is an important fruit crop in the world. It is used as a table grape and is also used for raisin and wine production. Grape berries accumulate secondary metabolites, such as anthocyanins, tannins, and resveratrol, which are known as functional compounds for human health. Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter (MATEs) transport secondary metabolites. MATEs also transport other solutes, including organic acids, and toxic xenobiotics, depending on cation gradient and play various roles in plants. MATE comprises 300-500 amino acid residues and possesses a MATE domain and 8-12 transmembrane domains. In the present study, 59 MATE genes were identified in the grape genome, and phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of four groups of grape MATEs (Group 1-4). Their information, such as gene structures, protein motifs, predicted subcellular localizations, and gene IDs of four genome annotations, that is, CRIBI v1, CRIBI v2, Genoscope, and Vcost v3, were annotated. The transport substrates and physiological functions of grape MATEs were estimated based on their homology with the analyzed MATEs in other plant species. Group 1 may transport toxic compounds and alkaloids, Group 2 may transport polyphenolic compounds, Group 3 may transport organic acids, and Group 4 may transport plant hormones related to signal transduction. In addition to the known anthocyanin transporters, VvMATE37 and VvMATE39, a novel anthocyanin transporter, VvMATE38 in Group 2, was suggested as a key transporter for anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skin. VvMATE46, VvMATE47, and VvMATE49 in Group 3 may contribute to Al3+ detoxification and Fe2+/Fe3+ translocation via organic acid transport. This study provides helpful and fundamental information for grape MATE studies and resolves the confusion of gene IDs in different genome annotations.
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26
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Pucker B, Selmar D. Biochemistry and Molecular Basis of Intracellular Flavonoid Transport in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070963. [PMID: 35406945 PMCID: PMC9002769 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a biochemically diverse group of specialized metabolites in plants that are derived from phenylalanine. While the biosynthesis of the flavonoid aglycone is highly conserved across species and well characterized, numerous species-specific decoration steps and their relevance remained largely unexplored. The flavonoid biosynthesis takes place at the cytosolic side of the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), but accumulation of various flavonoids was observed in the central vacuole. A universal explanation for the subcellular transport of flavonoids has eluded researchers for decades. Current knowledge suggests that a glutathione S-transferase-like protein (ligandin) protects anthocyanins and potentially proanthocyanidin precursors during the transport to the central vacuole. ABCC transporters and to a lower extend MATE transporters sequester anthocyanins into the vacuole. Glycosides of specific proanthocyanidin precursors are sequestered through MATE transporters. A P-ATPase in the tonoplast and potentially other proteins generate the proton gradient that is required for the MATE-mediated antiport. Vesicle-mediated transport of flavonoids from the ER to the vacuole is considered as an alternative or additional route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boas Pucker
- Institute of Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Dirk Selmar
- Institute of Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;
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27
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Watkins JL, Facchini PJ. Compartmentalization at the interface of primary and alkaloid metabolism. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 66:102186. [PMID: 35219143 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce many compounds used by humans as medicines, including alkaloids of the benzylisoquinoline (BIA), monoterpene indole (MIA) and tropane classes. The biosynthetic pathways of these pharmaceutical alkaloids are complex and spatially segregated across several tissues, cell-types and organelles. This review discusses the origin of primary metabolic inputs required by these specialized biosynthetic pathways and considers aspects relevant to their spatial organization. These factors are important for alkaloid production both in the native plants and for synthetic biology pathway reconstruction in microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta L Watkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Peter J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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28
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Sakamoto S, Yoshikawa T, Teraishi M, Yoshinaga N, Ochiai K, Kobayashi M, Schmelz EA, Okumoto Y, Mori N. A nonproteinogenic amino acid, β-tyrosine, accumulates in young rice leaves via long-distance phloem transport from mature leaves. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:427-434. [PMID: 35150234 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare produces a nonproteinogenic amino acid (3R)-β-tyrosine from l-tyrosine by tyrosine aminomutase (OsTAM1). However, physiological and ecological function(s) of β-tyrosine have remained obscure. Often an improved understanding of metabolite localization and transport can aid in design of experiments to test physiological functions. In the current study, we investigated the distribution pattern of β-tyrosine in rice seedlings and found that β-tyrosine is most abundant in the youngest leaves. Based upon observations of high TAM1 activity in mature leaves, we hypothesized that β-tyrosine is transported from mature leaves to young leaves. Patterns of predominant mature synthesis and young leaf accumulation were supported by stable isotope studies using labeled β-tyrosine and the removal of mature leaves. Stem exudate analyses was also consistent with β-tyrosine transport through phloem. Thus, we identify young leaves as a key target in efforts to understand the biological function(s) of β-tyrosine in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunta Sakamoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takanori Yoshikawa
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Teraishi
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Yoshinaga
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ochiai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Kobayashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eric A Schmelz
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yutaka Okumoto
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Mori
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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Nimmy MS, Kumar V, Suthanthiram B, Subbaraya U, Nagar R, Bharadwaj C, Jain PK, Krishnamurthy P. A Systematic Phylogenomic Classification of the Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion Transporter Gene Family in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:774885. [PMID: 35371145 PMCID: PMC8970042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.774885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters comprise a multigene family that mediates multiple functions in plants through the efflux of diverse substrates including organic molecules, specialized metabolites, hormones, and xenobiotics. MATE classification based on genome-wide studies remains ambiguous, likely due to a lack of large-scale phylogenomic studies and/or reference sequence datasets. To resolve this, we established a phylogeny of the plant MATE gene family using a comprehensive kingdom-wide phylogenomic analysis of 74 diverse plant species. We identified more than 4,000 MATEs, which were classified into 14 subgroups based on a systematic bioinformatics pipeline using USEARCH, blast+ and synteny network tools. Our classification was performed using a four-step process, whereby MATEs sharing ≥ 60% protein sequence identity with a ≤ 1E-05 threshold at different sequence lengths (either full-length, ≥ 60% length, or ≥ 150 amino acids) or retaining in the similar synteny blocks were assigned to the same subgroup. In this way, we assigned subgroups to 95.8% of the identified MATEs, which we substantiated using synteny network clustering analysis. The subgroups were clustered under four major phylogenetic groups and named according to their clockwise appearance within each group. We then generated a reference sequence dataset, the usefulness of which was demonstrated in the classification of MATEs in additional species not included in the original analysis. Approximately 74% of the plant MATEs exhibited synteny relationships with angiosperm-wide or lineage-, order/family-, and species-specific conservation. Most subgroups evolved independently, and their distinct evolutionary trends were likely associated with the development of functional novelties or the maintenance of conserved functions. Together with the systematic classification and synteny network profiling analyses, we identified all the major evolutionary events experienced by the MATE gene family in plants. We believe that our findings and the reference dataset provide a valuable resource to guide future functional studies aiming to explore the key roles of MATEs in different aspects of plant physiology. Our classification framework can also be readily extendable to other (super) families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, India
| | | | - Uma Subbaraya
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR–National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Ramawatar Nagar
- ICAR–National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Ku YS, Cheng SS, Ng MS, Chung G, Lam HM. The Tiny Companion Matters: The Important Role of Protons in Active Transports in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052824. [PMID: 35269965 PMCID: PMC8911182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the translocation of molecules, such as ions, metabolites, and hormones, between different subcellular compartments or different cells is achieved by transmembrane transporters, which play important roles in growth, development, and adaptation to the environment. To facilitate transport in a specific direction, active transporters that can translocate their substrates against the concentration gradient are needed. Examples of major active transporters in plants include ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters, monosaccharide transporters (MSTs), sucrose transporters (SUTs), and amino acid transporters. Transport via ABC transporters is driven by ATP. The electrochemical gradient across the membrane energizes these secondary transporters. The pH in each cell and subcellular compartment is tightly regulated and yet highly dynamic, especially when under stress. Here, the effects of cellular and subcellular pH on the activities of ABC transporters, MATE transporters, MSTs, SUTs, and amino acid transporters will be discussed to enhance our understanding of their mechanics. The relation of the altered transporter activities to various biological processes of plants will also be addressed. Although most molecular transport research has focused on the substrate, the role of protons, the tiny counterparts of the substrate, should also not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Shan Ku
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-S.C.); (M.-S.N.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.K.); (H.-M.L.); Tel.: +852-3943-8132 (Y.-S.K.); +852-3943-6336 (H.-M.L.)
| | - Sau-Shan Cheng
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-S.C.); (M.-S.N.)
| | - Ming-Sin Ng
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-S.C.); (M.-S.N.)
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-S.C.); (M.-S.N.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.K.); (H.-M.L.); Tel.: +852-3943-8132 (Y.-S.K.); +852-3943-6336 (H.-M.L.)
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31
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Ku YS, Lin X, Fan K, Cheng SS, Chan TF, Chung G, Lam HM. The Identification of MATE Antisense Transcripts in Soybean Using Strand-Specific RNA-Seq Datasets. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:228. [PMID: 35205273 PMCID: PMC8871956 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) have been generally reported as negative regulators of their sense counterparts. Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins mediate the transport of various substrates. Although MATEs have been identified genome-wide in various plant species, their transcript regulators remain unclear. Here, using the publicly available strand-specific RNA-seq datasets of Glycine soja (wild soybean) which have the data from various tissues including developing pods, developing seeds, embryos, cotyledons and hypocotyls, roots, apical buds, stems, and flowers, we identified 35 antisense transcripts of MATEs from 28 gene loci after transcriptome assembly. Spearman correlation coefficients suggested the positive expression correlations of eight MATE antisense and sense transcript pairs. By aligning the identified transcripts with the reference genome of Glycine max (cultivated soybean), the MATE antisense and sense transcript pairs were identified. Using soybean C08 (Glycine max), in developing pods and seeds, the positive correlations between MATE antisense and sense transcript pairs were shown by RT-qPCR. These findings suggest that soybean antisense transcripts are not necessarily negative transcription regulators of their sense counterparts. This study enhances the existing knowledge on the transcription regulation of MATE transporters by uncovering the previously unknown MATE antisense transcripts and their potential synergetic effects on sense transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Shan Ku
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.-S.K.); (X.L.); (K.F.); (S.-S.C.); (T.-F.C.)
| | - Xiao Lin
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.-S.K.); (X.L.); (K.F.); (S.-S.C.); (T.-F.C.)
| | - Kejing Fan
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.-S.K.); (X.L.); (K.F.); (S.-S.C.); (T.-F.C.)
| | - Sau-Shan Cheng
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.-S.K.); (X.L.); (K.F.); (S.-S.C.); (T.-F.C.)
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.-S.K.); (X.L.); (K.F.); (S.-S.C.); (T.-F.C.)
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.-S.K.); (X.L.); (K.F.); (S.-S.C.); (T.-F.C.)
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Farzana M, Shahsavarani M, De Luca V, Qu Y. Studying Iridoid Transport in Catharanthus roseus by Grafting. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2505:69-77. [PMID: 35732937 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2349-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The plant Catharanthus roseus is well known for its spatial separation of iridoid and monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA) biosynthesis at both intracellular and intercellular levels, collectively suggested by RNA in situ hybridization, enzymatic and transcriptomic studies using leaf epidermis, and fluorescent protein tagging studies. Although documented in other plant species, the long-distance transport of iridoid glycosides, such as secologanin, has not been known in C. roseus until a recent study suggested that secologanin is transported from root to shoot, by grafting low iridoid/MIA mutant scions onto wild-type stock plants. This chapter describes the in vitro cultivation of C. roseus plants and grafting techniques to enable studies concerning iridoid/MIA transport between organs. The iridoid and MIA analysis methods are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisha Farzana
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | | | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.
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The structure of the Aquifex aeolicus MATE family multidrug resistance transporter and sequence comparisons suggest the existence of a new subfamily. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2107335118. [PMID: 34753818 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107335118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters are widespread in all domains of life. Bacterial MATE transporters confer multidrug resistance by utilizing an electrochemical gradient of H+ or Na+ to export xenobiotics across the membrane. Despite the availability of X-ray structures of several MATE transporters, a detailed understanding of the transport mechanism has remained elusive. Here we report the crystal structure of a MATE transporter from Aquifex aeolicus at 2.0-Å resolution. In light of its phylogenetic placement outside of the diversity of hitherto-described MATE transporters and the lack of conserved acidic residues, this protein may represent a subfamily of prokaryotic MATE transporters, which was proven by phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, the crystal structure and substrate docking results indicate that the substrate binding site is located in the N bundle. The importance of residues surrounding this binding site was demonstrated by structure-based site-directed mutagenesis. We suggest that Aq_128 is functionally similar but structurally diverse from DinF subfamily transporters. Our results provide structural insights into the MATE transporter, which further advances our global understanding of this important transporter family.
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34
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Loza-Muller L, Shitan N, Yamada Y, Vázquez-Flota F. AmABCB1, an alkaloid transporter from seeds of Argemone mexicana L (Papaveraceae). PLANTA 2021; 254:122. [PMID: 34786595 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An ABCB-type transporter for sanguinarine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, was isolated from Argemone mexicana seeds. An ABCB-type transporter, AmABCB1, was identified in a transcriptome from unfolding seedlings of A. mexicana by its amino acid sequence identity to previously characterized alkaloid transporters from Coptis japonica and Thalictrum minus. Expression analysis revealed mature seeds as its main location; meanwhile, in vitro assays in yeast cells showed that AmABCB1 had uptake and efflux activities for sanguinarine and berberine, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Loza-Muller
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 Chuburná 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - N Shitan
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Y Yamada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - F Vázquez-Flota
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 Chuburná 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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35
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Nogia P, Pati PK. Plant Secondary Metabolite Transporters: Diversity, Functionality, and Their Modulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:758202. [PMID: 34777438 PMCID: PMC8580416 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.758202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites (SMs) play crucial roles in the vital functioning of plants such as growth, development, defense, and survival via their transportation and accumulation at the required site. However, unlike primary metabolites, the transport mechanisms of SMs are not yet well explored. There exists a huge gap between the abundant presence of SM transporters, their identification, and functional characterization. A better understanding of plant SM transporters will surely be a step forward to fulfill the steeply increasing demand for bioactive compounds for the formulation of herbal medicines. Thus, the engineering of transporters by modulating their expression is emerging as the most viable option to achieve the long-term goal of systemic metabolic engineering for enhanced metabolite production at minimum cost. In this review article, we are updating the understanding of recent advancements in the field of plant SM transporters, particularly those discovered in the past two decades. Herein, we provide notable insights about various types of fully or partially characterized transporters from the ABC, MATE, PUP, and NPF families including their diverse functionalities, structural information, potential approaches for their identification and characterization, several regulatory parameters, and their modulation. A novel perspective to the concept of "Transporter Engineering" has also been unveiled by highlighting its potential applications particularly in plant stress (biotic and abiotic) tolerance, SM accumulation, and removal of anti-nutritional compounds, which will be of great value for the crop improvement program. The present study creates a roadmap for easy identification and a better understanding of various transporters, which can be utilized as suitable targets for transporter engineering in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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36
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An ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter, LaABCB11, Contributes to Alkaloid Transport in Lycoris aurea. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111458. [PMID: 34768889 PMCID: PMC8584037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a kind of Amaryllidaceae alkaloid which is accumulated in the species of Lycoris plants, lycorine has a range of physiological effects. The biosynthesis pathway of lycorine has been partly revealed, but the transport and accumulation mechanisms of lycorine have rarely been studied. In this study, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter from Lycoris aurea (L'Hér) Herb., namely LaABCB11, was cloned and functionally characterized. Heterologous expression showed that LaABCB11 transported lycorine in an outward direction, increased the tolerance of yeast cells to lycorine, and caused a lower lycorine accumulation in transformants than control or mutant in yeast. LaABCB11 is associated with the plasma membrane, and in situ hybridization indicated that LaABCB11 was mainly expressed in the phloem of leaves and bulbs, as well as in the cortical cells of roots. These findings suggest that LaABCB11 functions as a lycorine transport and it might be related to the translocation and accumulation of lycorine from the leaves and bulbs to the roots.
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Biała-Leonhard W, Zanin L, Gottardi S, de Brito Francisco R, Venuti S, Valentinuzzi F, Mimmo T, Cesco S, Bassin B, Martinoia E, Pinton R, Jasiński M, Tomasi N. Identification of an Isoflavonoid Transporter Required for the Nodule Establishment of the Rhizobium- Fabaceae Symbiotic Interaction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:758213. [PMID: 34745190 PMCID: PMC8570342 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.758213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) as well as Phosphorus (P) are key nutrients determining crop productivity. Legumes have developed strategies to overcome nutrient limitation by, for example, forming a symbiotic relationship with N-fixing rhizobia and the release of P-mobilizing exudates and are thus able to grow without supply of N or P fertilizers. The legume-rhizobial symbiosis starts with root release of isoflavonoids that act as signaling molecules perceived by compatible bacteria. Subsequently, bacteria release nod factors, which induce signaling cascades allowing the formation of functional N-fixing nodules. We report here the identification and functional characterization of a plasma membrane-localized MATE-type transporter (LaMATE2) involved in the release of genistein from white lupin roots. The LaMATE2 expression in the root is upregulated under N deficiency as well as low phosphate availability, two nutritional deficiencies that induce the release of this isoflavonoid. LaMATE2 silencing reduced genistein efflux and even more the formation of symbiotic nodules, supporting the crucial role of LaMATE2 in isoflavonoid release and nodulation. Furthermore, silencing of LaMATE2 limited the P-solubilization activity of lupin root exudates. Transport assays in yeast vesicles demonstrated that LaMATE2 acts as a proton-driven isoflavonoid transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Biała-Leonhard
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Poznań, Poland
| | - Laura Zanin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Gottardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Venuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Fabio Valentinuzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Barbara Bassin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Michał Jasiński
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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A rice QTL GS3.1 regulates grain size through metabolic-flux distribution between flavonoid and lignin metabolons without affecting stress tolerance. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1171. [PMID: 34620988 PMCID: PMC8497587 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain size is a key component trait of grain weight and yield. Numbers of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified in various bioprocesses, but there is still little known about how metabolism-related QTLs influence grain size and yield. The current study report GS3.1, a QTL that regulates rice grain size via metabolic flux allocation between two branches of phenylpropanoid metabolism. GS3.1 encodes a MATE (multidrug and toxic compounds extrusion) transporter that regulates grain size by directing the transport of p-coumaric acid from the p-coumaric acid biosynthetic metabolon to the flavonoid biosynthetic metabolon. A natural allele of GS3.1 was identified from an African rice with enlarged grains, reduced flavonoid content and increased lignin content in the panicles. Notably, the natural allele of GS3.1 caused no alterations in other tissues and did not affect stress tolerance, revealing an ideal candidate for breeding efforts. This study uncovers insights into the regulation of grain size though metabolic-flux distribution. In this way, it supports a strategy of enhancing crop yield without introducing deleterious side effects on stress tolerance mechanisms.
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Du H, Ryan PR, Liu C, Li H, Hu W, Yan W, Huang Y, He W, Luo B, Zhang X, Gao S, Zhou S, Zhang S. ZmMATE6 from maize encodes a citrate transporter that enhances aluminum tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 311:111016. [PMID: 34482919 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The yields of cereal crops grown on acidic soils are often reduced by aluminum (Al) toxicity because the prevalence of toxic Al3+ cations increases as pH falls below 5.0. The Al-dependent release of citrate from resistant lines of maize is controlled by ZmMATE1 which encodes a multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporter protein. ZmMATE6 is another member of this family in maize whose expression is also increased by Al treatment. We investigated the function of this gene in more detail to determine whether it also contributes to Al resistance. Quantitative RT-PCR measurements found that ZmMATE6 was expressed in the roots and leaves of Al-resistant and sensitive inbred lines. Treatment with Al induced ZmMATE6 expression in all tissues but several other divalent or trivalent cations tested had no effect on expression. This expression pattern and the induction by Al treatment was confirmed in ZmMATE6 promoter-β-glucuronidase fusion lines. Heterogeneous expression of ZmMATE6 displayed a greater Al-activated release of citrate from the roots and was significantly resistant to Al toxicity than controls. This was associated with reduced accumulation of Al in the root tissues. Our results demonstrated that ZmMATE6 expression is induced by Al and functions as a citrate transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanmei Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Peter R Ryan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Chan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Wanpeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Weina Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Wenzhu He
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Bowen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Shibin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Shufeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Suzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China.
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40
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Yamada Y, Urui M, Oki H, Inoue K, Matsui H, Ikeda Y, Nakagawa A, Sato F, Minami H, Shitan N. Transport engineering for improving the production and secretion of valuable alkaloids in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng Commun 2021; 13:e00184. [PMID: 34567974 PMCID: PMC8449128 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2021.e00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms can be metabolically engineered to produce specialized plant metabolites. However, these methods are limited by low productivity and intracellular accumulation of metabolites. We sought to use transport engineering for producing reticuline, an important intermediate in the alkaloid biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we established a reticuline-producing Escherichia coli strain into which the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter Arabidopsis AtDTX1 was introduced. AtDTX1 was selected due to its suitable expression in E. coli and its reticuline-transport activity. Expression of AtDTX1 enhanced reticuline production by 11-fold, and the produced reticuline was secreted into the medium. AtDTX1 expression also conferred high plasmid stability and resulted in upregulation or downregulation of several genes associated with biological processes, including metabolic pathways for reticuline biosynthesis, leading to the production and secretion of high levels of reticuline. The successful employment of a transporter for alkaloid production suggests that the proposed transport engineering approach may improve the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites via metabolic engineering. The transporter AtDTX1 was introduced into a reticuline-producing E. coli strain. AtDTX1 significantly increased reticuline production and secretion. AtDTX1 conferred high plasmid stability. AtDTX1 expression affected regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. Transport engineering can enhance plant metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Yamada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Miya Urui
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Oki
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kai Inoue
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Matsui
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshito Ikeda
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Akira Nakagawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi-machi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Department of Plant Gene and Totipotency, Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Minami
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi-machi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Shitan
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
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41
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Panda S, Kazachkova Y, Aharoni A. Catch-22 in specialized metabolism: balancing defense and growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6027-6041. [PMID: 34293097 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants are unsurpassed biochemists that synthesize a plethora of molecules in response to an ever-changing environment. The majority of these molecules, considered as specialized metabolites, effectively protect the plant against pathogens and herbivores. However, this defense most probably comes at a great expense, leading to reduction of growth (known as the 'growth-defense trade-off'). Plants employ several strategies to reduce the high metabolic costs associated with chemical defense. Production of specialized metabolites is tightly regulated by a network of transcription factors facilitating its fine-tuning in time and space. Multifunctionality of specialized metabolites-their effective recycling system by re-using carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, thus re-introducing them back to the primary metabolite pool-allows further cost reduction. Spatial separation of biosynthetic enzymes and their substrates, and sequestration of potentially toxic substances and conversion to less toxic metabolite forms are the plant's solutions to avoid the detrimental effects of metabolites they produce as well as to reduce production costs. Constant fitness pressure from herbivores, pathogens, and abiotic stressors leads to honing of specialized metabolite biosynthesis reactions to be timely, efficient, and metabolically cost-effective. In this review, we assess the costs of production of specialized metabolites for chemical defense and the different plant mechanisms to reduce the cost of such metabolic activity in terms of self-toxicity and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Panda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Negev, Israel
| | - Yana Kazachkova
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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42
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Du Z, Su Q, Wu Z, Huang Z, Bao J, Li J, Tu H, Zeng C, Fu J, He H. Genome-wide characterization of MATE gene family and expression profiles in response to abiotic stresses in rice (Oryza sativa). BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:141. [PMID: 34243710 PMCID: PMC8268253 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins are involved in many physiological functions of plant growth and development. Although an increasing number of MATE proteins have been identified, the understanding of MATE proteins is still very limited in rice. In this study, 46 MATE proteins were identified from the rice (Oryza sativa) genome by homology searches and domain prediction. The rice MATE family was divided into four subfamilies based on the phylogenetic tree. Tandem repeats and fragment replication contribute to the expansion of the rice MATE gene family. Gene structure and cis-regulatory elements reveal the potential functions of MATE genes. Analysis of gene expression showed that most of MATE genes were constitutively expressed and the expression patterns of genes in different tissues were analyzed using RNA-seq. Furthermore, qRT-PCR-based analysis showed differential expression patterns in response to salt and drought stress. The analysis results of this study provide comprehensive information on the MATE gene family in rice and will aid in understanding the functional divergence of MATE genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Research Center of Super Rice Engineering and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qitao Su
- School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Research Center of Super Rice Engineering and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zhou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Research Center of Super Rice Engineering and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jianzhong Bao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Research Center of Super Rice Engineering and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Research Center of Super Rice Engineering and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Hang Tu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Research Center of Super Rice Engineering and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Chuihai Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Research Center of Super Rice Engineering and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Junru Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Research Center of Super Rice Engineering and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Haohua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Research Center of Super Rice Engineering and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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43
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Tanaka Y, Iwaki S, Sasaki A, Tsukazaki T. Crystal structures of a nicotine MATE transporter provide insight into its mechanism of substrate transport. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1902-1913. [PMID: 34050946 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A transporter of the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family, Nicotiana tabacum MATE2 (NtMATE2), is located in the vacuole membrane of the tobacco plant root and is involved in the transportation of nicotine, a secondary or specialized metabolic compound in Solanaceae. Here, we report the crystal structures of NtMATE2 in its outward-facing forms. The overall structure has a bilobate V-shape with pseudo-symmetrical assembly of the N- and C-lobes. In one crystal structure, the C-lobe cavity of NtMATE2 interacts with an unidentified molecule that may partially mimic a substrate. In addition, NtMATE2-specific conformational transitions imply that an unprecedented movement of the transmembrane α-helix 7 is related to the release of the substrate into the vacuolar lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akira Sasaki
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
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44
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Srinivasan P, Smolke CD. Engineering cellular metabolite transport for biosynthesis of computationally predicted tropane alkaloid derivatives in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2104460118. [PMID: 34140414 PMCID: PMC8237673 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104460118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biosynthesis of plant natural products (PNPs) can facilitate access to valuable medicinal compounds and derivatives. Such efforts are challenged by metabolite transport limitations, which arise when complex plant pathways distributed across organelles and tissues are reconstructed in unicellular hosts without concomitant transport machinery. We recently reported an engineered yeast platform for production of the tropane alkaloid (TA) drugs hyoscyamine and scopolamine, in which product accumulation is limited by vacuolar transport. Here, we demonstrate that alleviation of transport limitations at multiple steps in an engineered pathway enables increased production of TAs and screening of useful derivatives. We first show that supervised classifier models trained on a tissue-delineated transcriptome from the TA-producing plant Atropa belladonna can predict TA transporters with greater efficacy than conventional regression- and clustering-based approaches. We demonstrate that two of the identified transporters, AbPUP1 and AbLP1, increase TA production in engineered yeast by facilitating vacuolar export and cellular reuptake of littorine and hyoscyamine. We incorporate four different plant transporters, cofactor regeneration mechanisms, and optimized growth conditions into our yeast platform to achieve improvements in de novo hyoscyamine and scopolamine production of over 100-fold (480 μg/L) and 7-fold (172 μg/L). Finally, we leverage computational tools for biosynthetic pathway prediction to produce two different classes of TA derivatives, nortropane alkaloids and tropane N-oxides, from simple precursors. Our work highlights the importance of cellular transport optimization in recapitulating complex PNP biosyntheses in microbial hosts and illustrates the utility of computational methods for gene discovery and expansion of heterologous biosynthetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina D Smolke
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
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45
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Yamada Y, Nishida S, Shitan N, Sato F. Genome-Wide Profiling of WRKY Genes Involved in Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid Biosynthesis in California Poppy ( Eschscholzia californica). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:699326. [PMID: 34220919 PMCID: PMC8248504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.699326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors of the WRKY family play pivotal roles in plant defense responses, including the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites. Based on the previous findings of WRKY proteins regulating benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) biosynthesis, such as CjWRKY1-a regulator of berberine biosynthesis in Coptis japonica-and PsWRKY1-a regulator of morphine biosynthesis in Papaver somniferum-we performed genome-wide characterization of the WRKY gene family in Eschscholzia californica (California poppy), which produces various BIAs. Fifty WRKY genes were identified by homology search and classified into three groups based on phylogenetic, gene structure, and conserved motif analyses. RNA sequencing showed that several EcWRKY genes transiently responded to methyl jasmonate, a known alkaloid inducer, and the expression patterns of these EcWRKY genes were rather similar to those of BIA biosynthetic enzyme genes. Furthermore, tissue expression profiling suggested the involvement of a few subgroup IIc EcWRKYs in the regulation of BIA biosynthesis. Transactivation analysis using luciferase reporter genes harboring the promoters of biosynthetic enzyme genes indicated little activity of subgroup IIc EcWRKYs, suggesting that the transcriptional network of BIA biosynthesis constitutes multiple members. Finally, we investigated the coexpression patterns of EcWRKYs with some transporter genes and discussed the diversified functions of WRKY genes based on a previous finding that CjWRKY1 overexpression in California poppy cells enhanced BIA secretion into the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Yamada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shohei Nishida
- Department of Plant Gene and Totipotency, Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Shitan
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Department of Plant Gene and Totipotency, Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
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46
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Gani U, Sharma P, Tiwari H, Nautiyal AK, Kundan M, Wajid MA, Kesari R, Nargotra A, Misra P. Comprehensive genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression profiling of MATE gene family in Nicotiana tabacum. Gene 2021; 783:145554. [PMID: 33705813 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transporters belonging to the MATE family are involved in the transportation of diverse ligands, including metal ions and small organic molecules, and, therefore, play an important role in plant biology. Our genome-wide analysis led to the identification of 138 MATE genes in N. tabacum, which were grouped into four major phylogenetic clades. The expression of several NtMATE genes was reported to be differential in different tissues, namely young leaf, mature leaf, stem, root, and mature flower. The upstream regions of the NtMATE genes were predicted to contain several cis-acting elements associated with hormonal, developmental, and stress responses. Some of the genes were found to display induced expression following methyl jasmonate treatment. The co-expression analysis revealed 126 candidate transcription factor genes that might be involved in the transcriptional regulation of 21 NtMATE genes. Certain MATE genes (NtMATE81, NtMATE82, NtMATE88, and NtMATE89) were predicted to be targeted by micro RNAs (nta-miR167a, nta-miR167b, nta-miR167c, nta-miR167d and nta-miR167e). The computational analysis of MATE transporters provided insights into the key amino acid residues involved in the binding of the alkaloids. Further, the putative function of some of the NtMATE transporters was also revealed. The present study develops a solid foundation for the functional characterization of MATE transporter genes in N. tabacum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Gani
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Harshita Tiwari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Discovery Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Nautiyal
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Maridul Kundan
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mir Abdul Wajid
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ravi Kesari
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bhola Paswan Shastri Agricultural College, Purnea, Bihar 854302, India
| | - Amit Nargotra
- Discovery Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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47
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Mackon E, Ma Y, Jeazet Dongho Epse Mackon GC, Usman B, Zhao Y, Li Q, Liu P. Computational and Transcriptomic Analysis Unraveled OsMATE34 as a Putative Anthocyanin Transporter in Black Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Caryopsis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:583. [PMID: 33923742 PMCID: PMC8073145 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin is a flavonoid compound with potential antioxidant properties beneficial to human health and sustains plant growth and development under different environmental stresses. In black rice, anthocyanin can be found in the stems, leaves, stigmas, and caryopsis. Although the anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice has been extensively studied, limited knowledge underlying the storage mechanism and transporters is available. This study undertook the complementation of computational and transcriptome analysis to decipher a potential multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) gene candidate for anthocyanin transportation in black rice caryopsis. The phylogenetic analysis showed that OsMATE34 has the same evolutionary history and high similarities with VvAM1, VvAM3, MtMATE2, SlMATE/MTP77, RsMATE8, AtFFT, and AtTT12 involved in anthocyanin transportation. RNA sequencing analysis in black caryopsis (Bc; Bc11, Bc18, Bc25) and white caryopsis (Wc; Wc11, Wc18, Wc25), respectively, at 11 days after flowering (DAF), 18 DAF, and 25 DAF revealed a total of 36,079 expressed genes, including 33,157 known genes and 2922 new genes. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed 15,573 genes commonly expressed, with 1804 and 1412 genes uniquely expressed in Bc and Wc, respectively. Pairwise comparisons showed 821 uniquely expressed genes out of 15,272 DEGs for Wc11 vs. Bc11, 201 uniquely expressed genes out of 16,240 DEGs for Wc18 vs. Bc18, and 2263 uniquely expressed genes out of 16,240 DEGs for Wc25 vs. Bc25. Along with anthocyanin biosynthesis genes (OsPAL, OsCHS, OsCHI, OsF3H, OsDFR, OsANS, and OsUFGT/Os3GT), OsMATE34 expression was significantly upregulated in all Bc but not in Wc. OsMATE34 expression was similar to OsGSTU34, a transporter of anthocyanin in rice leaves. Taken together, our results highlighted OsMATE34 (Os08g0562800) as a candidate anthocyanin transporter in rice caryopsis. This study provides a new finding and a clue to enhance the accumulation of anthocyanin in rice caryopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Piqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (E.M.); (Y.M.); (G.C.J.D.E.M.); (B.U.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.)
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48
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Harman G, Khadka R, Doni F, Uphoff N. Benefits to Plant Health and Productivity From Enhancing Plant Microbial Symbionts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:610065. [PMID: 33912198 PMCID: PMC8072474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.610065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants exist in close association with uncountable numbers of microorganisms around, on, and within them. Some of these endophytically colonize plant roots. The colonization of roots by certain symbiotic strains of plant-associated bacteria and fungi results in these plants performing better than plants whose roots are colonized by only the wild populations of microbes. We consider here crop plants whose roots are inhabited by introduced organisms, referring to them as Enhanced Plant Holobionts (EPHs). EPHs frequently exhibit resistance to specific plant diseases and pests (biotic stresses); resistance to abiotic stresses such as drought, cold, salinity, and flooding; enhanced nutrient acquisition and nutrient use efficiency; increased photosynthetic capability; and enhanced ability to maintain efficient internal cellular functioning. The microbes described here generate effects in part through their production of Symbiont-Associated Molecular Patterns (SAMPs) that interact with receptors in plant cell membranes. Such interaction results in the transduction of systemic signals that cause plant-wide changes in the plants' gene expression and physiology. EPH effects arise not only from plant-microbe interactions, but also from microbe-microbe interactions like competition, mycoparasitism, and antibiotic production. When root and shoot growth are enhanced as a consequence of these root endophytes, this increases the yield from EPH plants. An additional benefit from growing larger root systems and having greater photosynthetic capability is greater sequestration of atmospheric CO2. This is transferred to roots where sequestered C, through exudation or root decomposition, becomes part of the total soil carbon, which reduces global warming potential in the atmosphere. Forming EPHs requires selection and introduction of appropriate strains of microorganisms, with EPH performance affected also by the delivery and management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Harman
- Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, United States
| | - Ram Khadka
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Directorate of Agricultural Research, Banke, Nepal
| | - Febri Doni
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norman Uphoff
- CALS International Agriculture Programs, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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49
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Ali E, Saand MA, Khan AR, Shah JM, Feng S, Ming C, Sun P. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of detoxification efflux carriers (DTX) genes family under abiotic stresses in flax. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:483-501. [PMID: 32270877 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The detoxification efflux carriers (DTX)/multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters encompass an ancient gene family of secondary transporters involved in the process of plant detoxification. A genome-wide analysis of these transporters was carried out in order to better understand the transport of secondary metabolites in flaxseed genome (Linum usitassimum). A total of 73 genes coding for DTX/MATE transporters were identified. Gene structure, protein domain and motif organization were found to be notably conserved over the distinct phylogenetic groups, showing the evolutionary significant role of each class. Gene ontology (GO) annotation revealed a link to transporter activities, response to stimulus and localizations. The presence of various hormone and stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements in promoter regions could be directly correlated with the alteration of their transcripts. Tertiary structure showed conservation for pore size and constrains in the pore, which indicate their involvement in the exclusion of toxic substances from the cell. MicroRNA target analysis revealed that LuDTXs genes were targeted by different classes of miRNA families. Twelve LuDTX genes were chosen for further quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis in response to cold, salinity and cadmium stress at 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours after treatment. Altogether, the identified members of the DTX gene family, their expression profile, phylogenetic and miRNAs analysis might provide opportunities for future functional validation of this important gene family in flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Ali
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Mumtaz Ali Saand
- Department of Botany, Shah Abdul Latif University, Sindh, 66020, Pakistan
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, 571339, China
| | - Ali Raza Khan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | - Simin Feng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Cai Ming
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
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50
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Kazachkova Y, Zemach I, Panda S, Bocobza S, Vainer A, Rogachev I, Dong Y, Ben-Dor S, Veres D, Kanstrup C, Lambertz SK, Crocoll C, Hu Y, Shani E, Michaeli S, Nour-Eldin HH, Zamir D, Aharoni A. The GORKY glycoalkaloid transporter is indispensable for preventing tomato bitterness. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:468-480. [PMID: 33707737 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fruit taste is determined by sugars, acids and in some species, bitter chemicals. Attraction of seed-dispersing organisms in nature and breeding for consumer preferences requires reduced fruit bitterness. A key metabolic shift during ripening prevents tomato fruit bitterness by eliminating α-tomatine, a renowned defence-associated Solanum alkaloid. Here, we combined fine mapping with information from 150 resequenced genomes and genotyping a 650-tomato core collection to identify nine bitter-tasting accessions including the 'high tomatine' Peruvian landraces reported in the literature. These 'bitter' accessions contain a deletion in GORKY, a nitrate/peptide family transporter mediating α-tomatine subcellular localization during fruit ripening. GORKY exports α-tomatine and its derivatives from the vacuole to the cytosol and this facilitates the conversion of the entire α-tomatine pool to non-bitter forms, rendering the fruit palatable. Hence, GORKY activity was a notable innovation in the process of tomato fruit domestication and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Kazachkova
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Itay Zemach
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sayantan Panda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Samuel Bocobza
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andrii Vainer
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yonghui Dong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dorottya Veres
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, DynaMo Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christa Kanstrup
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, DynaMo Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophie Konstanze Lambertz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, DynaMo Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, DynaMo Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yangjie Hu
- Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eilon Shani
- Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Simon Michaeli
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, DynaMo Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dani Zamir
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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