1
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Yang Y, Li Y, Shang H, Liu Y, Li W, Chen L, Cheng N, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Yin Y, Tong L, Li Z, Yang J, Luo J. An artificial peptide inhibits autophagy through calcineurin-TFEB pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119853. [PMID: 39353470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
We previously reported that a bioactive peptide (pep3) can potently inhibit the enzyme activity of purified calcineurin (CN). In this paper, we further demonstrate that transfected pep3 can strongly inhibit CN enzyme activity in HEK293 cells. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) plays an important role in the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) as one of the substrates of CN, so we study the effect of pep3 on the CN-TFEB-ALP pathway. Pep3 can significantly inhibit the mRNA levels of the TFEB downstream genes and the expression of the autophagy-associated proteins, and autophagy flux in HEK293 cells. We also validated the inhibitory effect of pep3 on autophagy in mice. These findings may provide a new idea for discovering more CN inhibitors and autophagy inhibitory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hanxiao Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 111016, China
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Science and Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Na Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanxia Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhimei Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 111016, China.
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Ren Y, Chen H, Zhao SY, Ma L, He QX, Gong WB, Wu JW, Yao HW, Wang ZX. Biochemical analyses reveal new insights into RCAN1/Rcn1 inhibition of calcineurin. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 39241105 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024]
Abstract
Calcineurin is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase that is highly conserved from yeast to human and plays a critical role in many physiological processes. Regulators of calcineurin (RCANs) are a family of endogenous calcineurin regulators, which are capable of inhibiting the catalytic activity of calcineurin in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we first characterized the biochemical properties of yeast calcineurin and its endogenous regulator Rcn1, a yeast homolog of RCAN1. Our data show that Rcn1 inhibits yeast calcineurin toward pNPP substrate with a noncompetitive mode; and Rcn1 binds cooperatively to yeast calcineurin through multiple low-affinity interactions at several docking regions. Next, we reinvestigated the mechanism underlying the inhibition of mammalian calcineurin by RCAN1 using a combination of biochemical, biophysical, and computational methods. In contrast to previous observations, RCAN1 noncompetitively inhibits calcineurin phosphatase activity toward both pNPP and phospho-RII peptide substrates by targeting the enzyme active site in part. Re-analysis of previously reported kinetic data reveals that the RCAN1 concentrations used were too low to distinguish between the inhibition mechanisms [Chan B et al. (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102, 13075]. The results presented in this study provide new insights into the interaction between calcineurin and RCAN1/Rcn1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- Institute of Molecular Enzymology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Institute of Molecular Enzymology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shan-Yue Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Enzymology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Xia He
- Institute of Molecular Enzymology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei-Bin Gong
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wu
- Institute of Molecular Enzymology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wei Yao
- Institute of Molecular Enzymology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Wang
- Institute of Molecular Enzymology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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3
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The Overexpression of miR-377 Aggravates Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Hypertrophy by Binding to Rcan2 and Mediating CaN Activity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6659183. [PMID: 36267816 PMCID: PMC9578796 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6659183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis remains a complicated and incompletely understood syndrome, and myocardial dysfunction is one of the main complications contributing to poor clinical outcomes. Accumulating evidence has revealed the critical involvement of the deregulated expression of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in cardiac pathologies caused by sepsis. Intriguingly, miR-377 has been correlated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis, whereas its effect on myocardial hypertrophy remains to be illustrated. Thus, the current study sets out to explore the impact and underlying mechanism of miR-377 on myocardial hypertrophy induced by sepsis. The expression pattern of miR-377 was detected in myocardial tissues of septic mice induced by cecal ligation-perforation (CLP). We found that miR-377 was highly expressed in myocardial tissues of CLP-induced septic mice with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Besides, miR-377 inhibition could relieve cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and reduce inflammation in septic mice. Further, mechanistic studies found that miR-377 could target Rcan2 and then regulate calcineurin (CaN) activity via Ca2+/CaN signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings illuminate that miR-377 enhances myocardial hypertrophy caused by sepsis, by targeting Rcan2 and further regulating the Ca2+/CaN signaling pathway. This work highlights downregulation of miR-377 as a novel target for the management of sepsis-induced myocardial hypertrophy.
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4
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Ravinther AI, Dewadas HD, Tong SR, Foo CN, Lin YE, Chien CT, Lim YM. Molecular Pathways Involved in LRRK2-Linked Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911744. [PMID: 36233046 PMCID: PMC9569706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases affecting the ageing population, with a prevalence that has doubled over the last 30 years. As the mechanism of the disease is not fully elucidated, the current treatments are unable to effectively prevent neurodegeneration. Studies have found that mutations in Leucine-rich-repeat-kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). Moreover, aberrant (higher) LRRK2 kinase activity has an influence in idiopathic PD as well. Hence, the aim of this review is to categorize and synthesize current information related to LRRK2-linked PD and present the factors associated with LRRK2 that can be targeted therapeutically. A systematic review was conducted using the databases PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, SAGE, and Cochrane (January 2016 to July 2021). Search terms included “Parkinson’s disease”, “mechanism”, “LRRK2”, and synonyms in various combinations. The search yielded a total of 988 abstracts for initial review, 80 of which met the inclusion criteria. Here, we emphasize molecular mechanisms revealed in recent in vivo and in vitro studies. By consolidating the recent updates in the field of LRRK2-linked PD, researchers can further evaluate targets for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailyn Irvita Ravinther
- Centre for Cancer Research, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hemaniswarri Dewi Dewadas
- Centre for Biomedical and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Shi Ruo Tong
- Centre for Cancer Research, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chai Nien Foo
- Centre for Cancer Research, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Population Medicine, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yu-En Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ting Chien
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yang Mooi Lim
- Centre for Cancer Research, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Sánchez-Morales A, Biçer A, Panagiotopoulos V, Crecente-Garcia S, Benaiges C, Bayod S, Luís Hernández J, Busqué F, Matsoukas MT, Pérez-Riba M, Alibés R. Design and synthesis of a novel non peptide CN-NFATc signaling inhibitor for tumor suppression in triple negative breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Biçer A, López-Henares P, Feu-Llauradó A, Sabariego M, Bayod S, Padilla L, Taco MR, Larriba Bartolomé S, Pérez-Riba M, Serrano-Candelas E. The PxIxIT motif of the RCAN3 Inhibits angiogenesis and tumor progression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer in Immunocompetent Mice. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:808-812. [PMID: 35640493 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RCAN proteins are endogenous regulators of the calcineurin- cytosolic nuclear factor of activated T-cells (CN- NFATc) pathway that bind CN through similar conserved motifs PxIxIT and LxVP of the NFATc family. It has been reported that RCAN1 and RCAN3 protein levels correlate with overall survival of breast cancer patients. We have additionally provided supporting results about RCAN3 role on cancer showing that overexpression of the native PxIxIT sequence of RCAN3-derived R3 peptide (PSVVVH, EGFP-R3178-210) dramatically inhibits tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis in an orthotopic mouse model of Triple Negative breast cancer (TNBC). On the other hand, RCAN3 protein and its derived peptide EGFP-R3 178-210 bind to CN and inhibit NFAT-mediated cytokine gene expression without affecting CN phosphatase activity suggesting that RCAN3 and EGFP-R3 178-210 peptide have tumor suppressor and immunosuppressant activity. Due to the known relationship between tumor development and immune system, as well as the relevance of CN-NFATc in the regulation of the immune system, we decided to study the effect of EGFP-R3 178-210 peptide in a syngeneic TNBC model, in order to ensure that the role of RCAN3 as immunosuppressant do not override its tumor suppressor activity. Our results evidence that EGFP-R3 178-210 peptide displays an inhibitory potential on tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis similar to those obtained in the previous orthotopic TNBC model. These results highlight the importance of the RCAN3 peptide as a tumor suppressor protein and totally complement our previous results, indicating that this antitumor activity role is maintained in the presence of a complete functional immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Biçer
- Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Systems Biology Programme. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003 Spain
| | | | - Andrea Feu-Llauradó
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Pathology Department. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, ES
| | - Miguel Sabariego
- Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Systems Biology Programme. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003 Spain
| | - Sergi Bayod
- Health & Biomedicine Department of LEITAT Technological Center, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Hèlix building. Baldiri Reixach 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Padilla
- Health & Biomedicine Department of LEITAT Technological Center, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Hèlix building. Baldiri Reixach 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mª Rosario Taco
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Pathology Department. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, ES
| | - Sara Larriba Bartolomé
- Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Mercè Pérez-Riba
- Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Eva Serrano-Candelas
- Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,ProtoQSAR SL, Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras (CEEI), Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
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7
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Zhang N, Liu Y, Shi X, Zhang Y, Li W, Yang Y, Chen L, Yin Y, Tong L, Yang J, Luo J. Microscale thermophoresis and fluorescence polarization assays of calcineurin-peptide interactions. Anal Biochem 2022; 646:114626. [PMID: 35218735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase. It is very important to study the affinity between calcineurin and its substrate or other interacting proteins. Two conserved motifs have been reported on the interactive proteins of calcineurin, namely, the PxIxIT motif and the LxVP motif. Here, we used 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein to fluorescently label the N-terminus of the short peptides derived from the two motifs and then determined the affinity between the protein and polypeptides. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) is very suitable for determining calcineurin with peptides containing the LxVP motif. The Kd values of the binding of calcineurin with NFATc1-YLAVP, NHE1-YLTVP, and A238L-FLCVK peptides were 6.72 ± 0.19 μM, 17.14 ± 0.35 μM, and 15.57 ± 0.10 μM, respectively. The GST pull-down results further confirmed the binding trend of the three peptides to calcineurin. However, fluorescently labeled PxIxIT polypeptides are not suitable for MST due to their own aggregation. We determined the binding affinity of the RCAN1-PSVVVH polypeptide to calcineurin by the fluorescence polarization (FP) method. MST and FP assays are fast and accurate in determining the affinity between protein-peptide interactions. Our research laid the foundation for screening the molecules that affect the binding between calcineurin and its substrates in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 111016, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, Hebei, 065000, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yumeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yanxia Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 111016, China.
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Decoding the Phosphatase Code: Regulation of Cell Proliferation by Calcineurin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031122. [PMID: 35163061 PMCID: PMC8835043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin, a calcium-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase, integrates the alterations in intracellular calcium levels into downstream signaling pathways by regulating the phosphorylation states of several targets. Intracellular Ca2+ is essential for normal cellular physiology and cell cycle progression at certain critical stages of the cell cycle. Recently, it was reported that calcineurin is activated in a variety of cancers. Given that abnormalities in calcineurin signaling can lead to malignant growth and cancer, the calcineurin signaling pathway could be a potential target for cancer treatment. For example, NFAT, a typical substrate of calcineurin, activates the genes that promote cell proliferation. Furthermore, cyclin D1 and estrogen receptors are dephosphorylated and stabilized by calcineurin, leading to cell proliferation. In this review, we focus on the cell proliferative functions and regulatory mechanisms of calcineurin and summarize the various substrates of calcineurin. We also describe recent advances regarding dysregulation of the calcineurin activity in cancer cells. We hope that this review will provide new insights into the potential role of calcineurin in cancer development.
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Chaklader M, Rothermel BA. Calcineurin in the heart: New horizons for an old friend. Cell Signal 2021; 87:110134. [PMID: 34454008 PMCID: PMC8908812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin, also known as PP2B or PPP3, is a member of the PPP family of protein phosphatases that also includes PP1 and PP2A. Together these three phosphatases carryout the majority of dephosphorylation events in the heart. Calcineurin is distinct in that it is activated by the binding of calcium/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) and therefore acts as a node for integrating Ca2+ signals with changes in phosphorylation, two fundamental intracellular signaling cascades. In the heart, calcineurin is primarily thought of in the context of pathological cardiac remodeling, acting through the Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cell (NFAT) family of transcription factors. However, calcineurin activity is also essential for normal heart development and homeostasis in the adult heart. Furthermore, it is clear that NFAT-driven changes in transcription are not the only relevant processes initiated by calcineurin in the setting of pathological remodeling. There is a growing appreciation for the diversity of calcineurin substrates that can impact cardiac function as well as the diversity of mechanisms for targeting calcineurin to specific sub-cellular domains in cardiomyocytes and other cardiac cell types. Here, we will review the basics of calcineurin structure, regulation, and function in the context of cardiac biology. Particular attention will be given to: the development of improved tools to identify and validate new calcineurin substrates; recent studies identifying new calcineurin isoforms with unique properties and targeting mechanisms; and the role of calcineurin in cardiac development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Chaklader
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology) and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology) and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA.
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10
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Lane BM, Murray S, Benson K, Bierzynska A, Chryst-Stangl M, Wang L, Wu G, Cavalleri G, Doyle B, Fennelly N, Dorman A, Conlon S, Vega-Warner V, Fermin D, Vijayan P, Qureshi MA, Shril S, Barua M, Hildebrandt F, Pollak M, Howell D, Sampson MG, Saleem M, Conlon PJ, Spurney R, Gbadegesin R. A Rare Autosomal Dominant Variant in Regulator of Calcineurin Type 1 ( RCAN1) Gene Confers Enhanced Calcineurin Activity and May Cause FSGS. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1682-1695. [PMID: 33863784 PMCID: PMC8425665 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020081234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocyte dysfunction is the main pathologic mechanism driving the development of FSGS and other morphologic types of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Despite significant progress, the genetic causes of most cases of SRNS have yet to be identified. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 320 individuals from 201 families with familial and sporadic NS/FSGS with no pathogenic mutations in any known NS/FSGS genes. RESULTS Two variants in the gene encoding regulator of calcineurin type 1 (RCAN1) segregate with disease in two families with autosomal dominant FSGS/SRNS. In vitro, loss of RCAN1 reduced human podocyte viability due to increased calcineurin activity. Cells expressing mutant RCAN1 displayed increased calcineurin activity and NFAT activation that resulted in increased susceptibility to apoptosis compared with wild-type RCAN1. Treatment with GSK-3 inhibitors ameliorated this elevated calcineurin activity, suggesting the mutation alters the balance of RCAN1 regulation by GSK-3β, resulting in dysregulated calcineurin activity and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest mutations in RCAN1 can cause autosomal dominant FSGS. Despite the widespread use of calcineurin inhibitors in the treatment of NS, genetic mutations in a direct regulator of calcineurin have not been implicated in the etiology of NS/FSGS before this report. The findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting RCAN1 regulatory molecules, such as GSK-3β, in the treatment of FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Lane
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Susan Murray
- Irish Kidney Gene Project, Department of Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Katherine Benson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Agnieszka Bierzynska
- Department of Pediatrics, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children and University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Chryst-Stangl
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Liming Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Guanghong Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gianpiero Cavalleri
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Brendan Doyle
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont General Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Neil Fennelly
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont General Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Anthony Dorman
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont General Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Shane Conlon
- Irish Kidney Gene Project, Department of Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Damian Fermin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Poornima Vijayan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad Azfar Qureshi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Moumita Barua
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin Pollak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Howell
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew G. Sampson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Moin Saleem
- Department of Pediatrics, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children and University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Conlon
- Irish Kidney Gene Project, Department of Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beaumont General Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Robert Spurney
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rasheed Gbadegesin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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11
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Lao M, Zhang X, Ma T, Xu J, Yang H, Duan Y, Ying H, Zhang X, Guo C, Qiu J, Bai X, Liang T. Regulator of calcineurin 1 gene isoform 4 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma regulates the progression of tumor cells. Oncogene 2021; 40:3136-3151. [PMID: 33824473 PMCID: PMC8084734 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies to treat pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unsatisfying and limited. Therefore, it is imperative to fully determine the mechanisms underlying PDAC progression. In the present study, we report a novel role of regulator of calcineurin 1, isoform 4 (RCAN1.4) in regulating PDAC progression. We demonstrated that RCAN1.4 expression was decreased significantly in PDAC tissues compared with that in para-cancerous tissues, and correlated with poor prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. In vitro, stable high expression of RCAN1.4 could suppress the metastasis and proliferation and angiogenesis of pancreatic tumor cells. In addition, interferon alpha inducible protein 27 (IFI27) was identified as having a functional role in RCAN1.4-mediated PDAC migration and invasion, while VEGFA play a vital role in RCAN1.4-mediated PDAC angiogenesis. Analysis of mice with subcutaneously/orthotopic implanted xenograft tumors and liver metastasis model confirmed that RCAN1.4 could modulate the growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis of tumors via IFI27/VEGFA in vivo. In conclusion, our results suggested that RCAN1.4 suppresses the growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis of PDAC, functioning partly via IFI27 and VEGFA. Importantly, our results provided possible diagnostic criteria and therapeutic targets for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Lao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanshen Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honggang Ying
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengxiang Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Ma X, Zhu G, Jiao T, Shao F. Effects of circular RNA Ttc3/miR-148a/Rcan2 axis on inflammation and oxidative stress in rats with acute kidney injury induced by sepsis. Life Sci 2021; 272:119233. [PMID: 33600863 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim Increasing evidence demonstrated circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the development of various diseases, including sepsis-induced AKI. Although CIRC-Ttc3 has been proved to regulate cardiac function after myocardial infarction, its role in sepsis-induced AKI remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS The AKI rat model was firstly induced by sepsis through cecal ligation puncture (CLP). Serum levels of creatinine, BUN, NGAL, TNF-α, IL-6, SOD, MDA and IL-1β were measured through appropriate kits. The pathological alteration and renal microvascular permeability in renal tissues were determined by HE staining and Evans Blue assays. Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. The expression levels of CIRC-Ttc3, miR-148a, TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS in rats' renal samples were tested by qRT-PCR or/and western blot. The binding ability between CIRC-Ttc3 and miR-148a was evaluated through luciferase reporter, RIP and RNA pull-down assays. KEY FINDINGS Kidney injury was found in CLP-treated rats. CIRC-Ttc3 expression was down-regulated, and upregulation of CIRC-Ttc3 improved inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in AKI rats. Mechanismly, CIRC-Ttc3 was confirmed to bind to and negatively regulate miR-148a. Further rescue assays revealed that overexpression of miR-148a rescued the improvement of CIRC-Ttc3 on sepsis-induced AKI. Then, it was illustrated that CIRC-Ttc3 regulated Rcan2 expression by binding to miR-148a. Finally, knockdown of Rcan2 reversed the effects of miR-148a inhibition on sepsis-induced AKI. SIGNIFICANCE CIRC-Ttc3 relieved inflammation and oxidative stress through regulating the miR-148a/Rcan2 axis in rats with AKI induced by sepsis. Therefore, CIRC-Ttc3 may be a potential therapeutic target for sepsis-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ma
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guizhen Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmin Shao
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Li Y, Sheftic SR, Grigoriu S, Schwieters CD, Page R, Peti W. The structure of the RCAN1:CN complex explains the inhibition of and substrate recruitment by calcineurin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/27/eaba3681. [PMID: 32936779 PMCID: PMC7458460 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba3681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is an endogenous inhibitor of the Ser/Thr phosphatase calcineurin (CN). It has been shown that excessive inhibition of CN is a critical factor for Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Here, we determined RCAN1's mode of action. Using a combination of structural, biophysical, and biochemical studies, we show that RCAN1 inhibits CN via multiple routes: first, by blocking essential substrate recruitment sites and, second, by blocking the CN active site using two distinct mechanisms. We also show that phosphorylation either inhibits RCAN1-CN assembly or converts RCAN1 into a weak inhibitor, which can be reversed by CN via dephosphorylation. This highlights the interplay between posttranslational modifications in regulating CN activity. Last, this work advances our understanding of how active site inhibition of CN can be achieved in a highly specific manner. Together, these data provide the necessary road map for targeting multiple neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Sarah R Sheftic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Simina Grigoriu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Charles D Schwieters
- Imaging Sciences Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rebecca Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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14
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Wang L, Cheng N, Wang P, Li J, Jia A, Li W, Zhang N, Yin Y, Tong L, Wei Q, Liu G, Li Z, Luo J. A novel peptide exerts potent immunosuppression by blocking the two-site interaction of NFAT with calcineurin. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2760-2770. [PMID: 31941790 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cell (CN/NFAT) signaling pathway plays a critical role in the immune response. Therefore, inhibition of the CN/NFAT pathway is an important target for inflammatory disease. The conserved PXIXIT and LXVP motifs of CN substrates and targeting proteins have been recognized. Based on the affinity ability and inhibitory effect of these docking sequences on CN, we designed a bioactive peptide (named pep3) against the CN/NFAT interaction, which has two binding sites derived from the RCAN1-PXIXIT motif and the NFATc1-LXVP motif. The shortest linker between the two binding sites in pep3 is derived from A238L, a physiological binding partner of CN. Microscale thermophoresis revealed that pep3 has two docking sites on CN. Pep3 also has the most potent inhibitory effect on CN. It is suggested that pep3 contains an NFATc1-LXVP-substrate recognition motif and RCAN1-PXIXIT-mediated anchoring to CN. Expression of this peptide significantly suppresses CN/NFAT signaling. Cell-permeable 11-arginine-modified pep3 (11R-pep3) blocks the NFAT downstream signaling pathway. Intranasal administration of the 11R-pep3 peptide inhibits airway inflammation in an ovalbumin-induced asthma model. Our results suggest that pep3 is promising as an immunosuppressive agent and can be used in topical remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Na Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Anna Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanxia Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhimei Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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15
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Valvo V, Nucera C. Coding Molecular Determinants of Thyroid Cancer Development and Progression. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2019; 48:37-59. [PMID: 30717910 PMCID: PMC6366338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Its incidence and mortality rates have increased for patients with advanced-stage papillary thyroid cancer. The characterization of the molecular pathways essential in thyroid cancer initiation and progression has made huge progress, underlining the role of intracellular signaling to promote clonal evolution, dedifferentiation, metastasis, and drug resistance. The discovery of genetic alterations that include mutations (BRAF, hTERT), translocations, deletions (eg, 9p), and copy-number gain (eg, 1q) has provided new biological insights with clinical applications. Understanding how molecular pathways interplay is one of the key strategies to develop new therapeutic treatments and improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Valvo
- Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Carmelo Nucera
- Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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16
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Li H, Zhang W, Zhong F, Das GC, Xie Y, Li Z, Cai W, Jiang G, Choi J, Sidani M, Hyink DP, Lee K, Klotman PE, He JC. Epigenetic regulation of RCAN1 expression in kidney disease and its role in podocyte injury. Kidney Int 2018; 94:1160-1176. [PMID: 30366682 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that epigenetic modification is important in kidney disease pathogenesis. To determine whether epigenetic regulation is involved in HIV-induced kidney injury, we performed genome-wide methylation profiling and transcriptomic profiling of human primary podocytes infected with HIV-1. Comparison of DNA methylation and RNA sequencing profiles identified several genes that were hypomethylated with corresponding upregulated RNA expression in HIV-infected podocytes. Notably, we found only one hypermethylated gene with corresponding downregulated RNA expression, namely regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1). Further, we found that RCAN1 RNA expression was suppressed in glomeruli in human diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and lupus nephritis, and in mouse models of HIV-associated nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy. We confirmed that HIV infection or high glucose conditions suppressed RCAN1 expression in cultured podocytes. This suppression was alleviated upon pretreatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, suggesting that RCAN1 expression is epigenetically suppressed in the context of HIV infection and diabetic conditions. Mechanistically, increased expression of RCAN1 decreased HIV- or high glucose-induced nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcriptional activity. Increased RCAN1 expression also stabilized actin cytoskeleton organization, consistent with the inhibition of the calcineurin pathway. In vivo, knockout of RCAN1 aggravated albuminuria and podocyte injury in mice with Adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Our findings suggest that epigenetic suppression of RCAN1 aggravates podocyte injury in the setting of HIV infection and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fang Zhong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gokul C Das
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yifan Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Weijing Cai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gengru Jiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jae Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mohamad Sidani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Deborah P Hyink
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul E Klotman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Kidney Center at James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.
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17
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Bulbule SR, Aravind P, Hemalatha N, Devaraju KS. Modeling, Synthesis and Characterization of Phospho–Penta–Peptide derived from PKA RII Sub Unit: A Candidate Substrate for CaN Assay. Int J Pept Res Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Song Z, Cao Q, Ruan H, Yang H, Wang K, Bao L, Cheng G, Xu T, Xiao H, Wang C, Liu D, Chen K, Zhang X. RCAN1.4 acts as a suppressor of cancer progression and sunitinib resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2018; 372:118-128. [PMID: 30267660 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system, and its incidence continues to increase. Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1), one of the genes on chromosome 21, is a crucial mediator of tumor inhibition. RCAN1.4 is best characterized as an endogenous inhibitor of the phosphatase calcineurin, and it has been observed to be downregulated in numerous types of cancer. However, its essential function remains unclear in ccRCC. In the present study, we found that RCAN1.4 expression was frequently downregulated in renal cell carcinoma tissues and cells and was inversely correlated with various clinicopathological parameters. Low RCAN1.4 expression was associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival and could act as a diagnostic indicator in ccRCC patients. Furthermore, the overexpression of RCAN1.4 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas RCAN1.4 knockdown promoted these functions in ccRCC cell lines. In addition, RCAN1.4 expression was downregulated in sunitinib-resistant renal cancer cell lines, and inhibition of RCAN1.4 promoted sunitinib resistance. We also found that RCAN1.4 could regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the expression of HIF2α in sunitinib-resistant cell lines. Taken together, these findings indicate that downregulation of RCAN1.4 may be crucial for the metastasis of ccRCC and may induce sunitinib resistance. RCAN1.4 may act as a prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshuai Song
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hailong Ruan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Keshan Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lin Bao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tianbo Xu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Haibing Xiao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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19
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Wang C, Saji M, Justiniano SE, Yusof AM, Zhang X, Yu L, Fernández S, Wakely P, La Perle K, Nakanishi H, Pohlman N, Ringel MD. RCAN1-4 is a thyroid cancer growth and metastasis suppressor. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90651. [PMID: 28289712 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis suppressors are key regulators of tumor growth, invasion, and metastases. Loss of metastasis suppressors has been associated with aggressive tumor behaviors and metastatic progression. We previously showed that regulator of calcineurin 1, isoform 4 (RCAN1-4) was upregulated by the KiSS1 metastatic suppression pathway and could inhibit cell motility when overexpressed in cancer cells. To test the effects of endogenous RCAN1-4 loss on thyroid cancer in vivo, we developed RCAN1-4 knockdown stable cells. Subcutaneous xenograft models demonstrated that RCAN1-4 knockdown promotes tumor growth. Intravenous metastasis models demonstrated that RCAN1-4 loss promotes tumor metastases to the lungs and their subsequent growth. Finally, stable induction of RCAN1-4 expression reduced thyroid cancer cell growth and invasion. Microarray analysis predicted that nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 3 (NFE2L3) was a pivotal downstream effector of RCAN1-4. NFE2L3 overexpression was shown to be necessary for RCAN1-4-mediated enhanced growth and invasiveness and NEF2L3 overexpression independently increased cell invasion. In human samples, NFE2L3 was overexpressed in TCGA thyroid cancer samples versus normal tissues and NFE2L3 overexpression was demonstrated in distant metastasis samples from thyroid cancer patients. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence to our knowledge that RCAN1-4 is a growth and metastasis suppressor in vivo and that it functions in part through NFE2L3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine.,Ohio State Biochemistry Program
| | - Motoyasu Saji
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Steven E Justiniano
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Adlina Mohd Yusof
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | | | | | - Krista La Perle
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Comparative Pathology and Mouse Phenotyping Shared Resource, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Neal Pohlman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Matthew D Ringel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine.,Ohio State Biochemistry Program
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20
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RCAN1.4 regulates VEGFR-2 internalisation, cell polarity and migration in human microvascular endothelial cells. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:341-358. [PMID: 28271280 PMCID: PMC5511620 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is an endogenous inhibitor of the calcineurin pathway in cells. It is expressed as two isoforms in vertebrates: RCAN1.1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues, whereas transcription of RCAN1.4 is induced by several stimuli that activate the calcineurin-NFAT pathway. RCAN1.4 is highly upregulated in response to VEGF in human endothelial cells in contrast to RCAN1.1 and is essential for efficient endothelial cell migration and tubular morphogenesis. Here, we show that RCAN1.4 has a role in the regulation of agonist-stimulated VEGFR-2 internalisation and establishment of endothelial cell polarity. siRNA-mediated gene silencing revealed that RCAN1 plays a vital role in regulating VEGF-mediated cytoskeletal reorganisation and directed cell migration and sprouting angiogenesis. Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of RCAN1.4 resulted in increased endothelial cell migration. Antisense-mediated morpholino silencing of the zebrafish RCAN1.4 orthologue revealed a disrupted vascular development further confirming a role for the RCAN1.4 isoform in regulating vascular endothelial cell physiology. Our data suggest that RCAN1.4 plays a novel role in regulating endothelial cell migration by establishing endothelial cell polarity in response to VEGF.
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21
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Parra V, Rothermel BA. Calcineurin signaling in the heart: The importance of time and place. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 103:121-136. [PMID: 28007541 PMCID: PMC5778886 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-activated protein phosphatase, calcineurin, lies at the intersection of protein phosphorylation and calcium signaling cascades, where it provides an essential nodal point for coordination between these two fundamental modes of intracellular communication. In excitatory cells, such as neurons and cardiomyocytes, that experience rapid and frequent changes in cytoplasmic calcium, calcineurin protein levels are exceptionally high, suggesting that these cells require high levels of calcineurin activity. Yet, it is widely recognized that excessive activation of calcineurin in the heart contributes to pathological hypertrophic remodeling and the progression to failure. How does a calcium activated enzyme function in the calcium-rich environment of the continuously contracting heart without pathological consequences? This review will discuss the wide range of calcineurin substrates relevant to cardiovascular health and the mechanisms calcineurin uses to find and act on appropriate substrates in the appropriate location while potentially avoiding others. Fundamental differences in calcineurin signaling in neonatal verses adult cardiomyocytes will be addressed as well as the importance of maintaining heterogeneity in calcineurin activity across the myocardium. Finally, we will discuss how circadian oscillations in calcineurin activity may facilitate integration with other essential but conflicting processes, allowing a healthy heart to reap the benefits of calcineurin signaling while avoiding the detrimental consequences of sustained calcineurin activity that can culminate in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parra
- Advanced Centre for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago,Chile; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chie, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA.
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22
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Jiang H, Zhang C, Tang Y, Zhao J, Wang T, Liu H, Sun X. The regulator of calcineurin 1 increases adenine nucleotide translocator 1 and leads to mitochondrial dysfunctions. J Neurochem 2016; 140:307-319. [PMID: 27861892 PMCID: PMC5248620 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The over‐expression of regulator of calcineurin 1 isoform 1 (RCAN1.1) has been implicated in mitochondrial dysfunctions of Alzheimer's disease; however, the mechanism linking RCAN1.1 over‐expression and the mitochondrial dysfunctions remains unknown. In this study, we use human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells stably expressing RCAN1.1S and rat primary neurons infected with RCAN1.1S expression lentivirus to study the association of RCAN1 with mitochondrial functions. Our study here showed that the over‐expression of RCAN1.1S remarkably up‐regulates the expression of adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT1) by stabilizing ANT1 mRNA. The increased ANT1 level leads to accelerated ATP–ADP exchange rate, more Ca2+‐induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, increased cytochrome c release, and eventually cell apoptosis. Furthermore, knockdown of ANT1 expression brings these mitochondria perturbations caused by RCAN1.1S back to normal. The effect of RCAN1.1S on ANT1 was independent of its inhibition on calcineurin. This study elucidated a novel function of RCAN1 in mitochondria and provides a molecular basis for the RCAN1.1S over‐expression‐induced mitochondrial dysfunctions and neuronal apoptosis. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Otolaryngology Key Lab, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Otolaryngology Key Lab, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Otolaryngology Key Lab, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Otolaryngology Key Lab, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Otolaryngology Key Lab, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiulian Sun
- Brain Research Institute, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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23
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Sheftic SR, Page R, Peti W. Investigating the human Calcineurin Interaction Network using the πɸLxVP SLiM. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38920. [PMID: 27974827 PMCID: PMC5156906 DOI: 10.1038/srep38920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ser/thr phosphorylation is the primary reversible covalent modification of proteins in eukaryotes. As a consequence, it is the reciprocal actions of kinases and phosphatases that act as key molecular switches to fine tune cellular events. It has been well documented that ~400 human ser/thr kinases engage substrates via consensus phosphosite sequences. Strikingly, we know comparatively little about the mechanism by which ~40 human protein ser/thr phosphatases (PSPs) dephosphorylate ~15000 different substrates with high specificity. The identification of substrates of the essential PSP calcineurin (CN) has been exceptionally challenging and only a small fraction has been biochemically confirmed. It is now emerging that CN binds regulators and substrates via two short linear motifs (SLiMs), the well-studied PxIxIT SLiM and the LxVP SLiM, which remains controversial at the molecular level. Here we describe the crystal structure of CN in complex with its substrate NFATc1 and show that the LxVP SLiM is correctly defined as πɸLxVP. Bioinformatics studies using the πɸLxVP SLiM resulted in the identification of 567 potential CN substrates; a small subset was experimentally confirmed. This combined structural-bioinformatics approach provides a powerful method for dissecting the CN interaction network and for elucidating the role of CN in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Sheftic
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Rebecca Page
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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24
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Zhao Y, Zhang J, Shi X, Li J, Wang R, Song R, Wei Q, Cai H, Luo J. Quercetin targets the interaction of calcineurin with LxVP-type motifs in immunosuppression. Biochimie 2016; 127:50-8. [PMID: 27109380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin (CN) is a unique calcium/calmodulin (CaM)-activated serine/threonine phosphatase. To perform its diverse biological functions, CN communicates with many substrates and other proteins. In the physiological activation of T cells, CN acts through transcriptional factors belonging to the NFAT family and other transcriptional effectors. The classic immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA) can bind to cyclophilin (CyP) and compete with CN for the NFAT LxVP motif. CsA has debilitating side effects, including nephrotoxicity, hypertension and tremor. It is desirable to develop alternative immunosuppressive agents. To this end, we first tested the interactions between CN and the LxVP-type substrates, including endogenous regulators of calcineurin (RCAN1) and NFAT. Interestingly, we found that quercetin, the primary dietary flavonol, can inhibit the activity of CN and significantly disrupt the associations between CN and its LxVP-type substrates. We then validated the inhibitory effects of quercetin on the CN-NFAT interactions in cell-based assays. Further, quercetin also shows dose-dependent suppression of cytokine gene expression in mouse spleen cells. These data raise the possibility that the interactions of CN with its LxVP-type substrates are potential targets for immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yane Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Ruiwen Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China.
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25
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Wong H, Levenga J, Cain P, Rothermel B, Klann E, Hoeffer C. RCAN1 overexpression promotes age-dependent mitochondrial dysregulation related to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 130:829-43. [PMID: 26497675 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the largest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients with Down syndrome (DS) develop symptoms consistent with early-onset AD, suggesting that overexpression of chromosome 21 genes such as Regulator of Calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) plays a role in AD pathogenesis. RCAN1 levels are increased in the brain of DS and AD patients but also in the human brain with normal aging. RCAN1 has been implicated in several neuronal functions, but whether its increased expression is correlative or causal in the aging-related progression of AD remains elusive. We show that brain-specific overexpression of the human RCAN1.1S isoform in mice promotes early age-dependent memory and synaptic plasticity deficits, tau pathology, and dysregulation of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) activity associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, reproducing key AD features. Based on these findings, we propose that chronic RCAN1 overexpression during aging alters DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission and thus acts to promote AD-related progressive neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Wong
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josien Levenga
- Department of Integrated of Physiology, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter Cain
- Department of Integrated of Physiology, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Beverly Rothermel
- Department of Cardiology, University of Texas-Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eric Klann
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Hoeffer
- Department of Integrated of Physiology, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Linda Crnic Institute, Denver, CO, USA.
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26
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Gopal S, Søgaard P, Multhaupt HAB, Pataki C, Okina E, Xian X, Pedersen ME, Stevens T, Griesbeck O, Park PW, Pocock R, Couchman JR. Transmembrane proteoglycans control stretch-activated channels to set cytosolic calcium levels. J Cell Biol 2015; 210:1199-211. [PMID: 26391658 PMCID: PMC4586746 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201501060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecans regulate members of the transient receptor potential family to control cytosolic calcium levels with impact on cell adhesion, junction formation, and neuronal guidance. Transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans regulate multiple aspects of cell behavior, but the molecular basis of their signaling is unresolved. The major family of transmembrane proteoglycans is the syndecans, present in virtually all nucleated cells, but with mostly unknown functions. Here, we show that syndecans regulate transient receptor potential canonical (TRPCs) channels to control cytosolic calcium equilibria and consequent cell behavior. In fibroblasts, ligand interactions with heparan sulfate of syndecan-4 recruit cytoplasmic protein kinase C to target serine714 of TRPC7 with subsequent control of the cytoskeleton and the myofibroblast phenotype. In epidermal keratinocytes a syndecan–TRPC4 complex controls adhesion, adherens junction composition, and early differentiation in vivo and in vitro. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the TRPC orthologues TRP-1 and -2 genetically complement the loss of syndecan by suppressing neuronal guidance and locomotory defects related to increases in neuronal calcium levels. The widespread and conserved syndecan–TRPC axis therefore fine tunes cytoskeletal organization and cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Gopal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Søgaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hinke A B Multhaupt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Csilla Pataki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Okina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaojie Xian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikael E Pedersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 Department of Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688
| | - Oliver Griesbeck
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pyong Woo Park
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Roger Pocock
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John R Couchman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Martínez-Høyer S, Solé-Sánchez S, Aguado F, Martínez-Martínez S, Serrano-Candelas E, Hernández JL, Iglesias M, Redondo JM, Casanovas O, Messeguer R, Pérez-Riba M. A novel role for an RCAN3-derived peptide as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:792-9. [PMID: 25916653 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The members of the human regulators of calcineurin (RCAN) protein family are endogenous regulators of the calcineurin (CN)-cytosolic nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc) pathway activation. This function is explained by the presence of a highly conserved calcipressin inhibitor of calcineurin (CIC) motif in RCAN proteins, which has been shown to compete with NFATc for the binding to CN and therefore are able to inhibit NFATc dephosphorylation and activation by CN. Very recently, emerging roles for NFATc proteins in transformation, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis have been described in different cancer cell types. In this work, we report that the overexpression of RCAN3 dramatically inhibits tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis in an orthotopic human breast cancer model. We suggest that RCAN3 exerts these effects in a CN-dependent manner, as mutation of the CIC motif in RCAN3 abolishes the tumor suppressor effect. Moreover, the expression of the EGFP-R3(178-210) peptide, spanning the CIC motif of RCAN3, is able to reproduce all the antitumor effects of RCAN3 full-length protein. Finally, we show that RCAN3 and the EGFP-R3(178-210) peptide inhibit the CN-NFATc signaling pathway and the induction of the NFATc-dependent gene cyclooxygenase-2. Our work suggests that the EGFP-R3(178-210) peptide possess potent tumor suppressor properties and therefore constitutes a novel lead for the development of potent and specific antitumoral agents. Moreover, we propose the targeting of the CN-NFATc pathway in the tumor cells constitutes an effective way to hamper tumor progression by impairing the paracrine network among tumor, endothelial and polymorphonucleated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Martínez-Høyer
- Cellular Signaling Unit, Human Molecular Genetics Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sònia Solé-Sánchez
- Cellular Signaling Unit, Human Molecular Genetics Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Aguado
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Vascular e Inflamación, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Serrano-Candelas
- Cellular Signaling Unit, Human Molecular Genetics Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Hernández
- Biomed Division, LEITAT Technological Center, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Edifici Hèlix, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Autonomous University of Barcelona 08004, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- Departamento de Biología Vascular e Inflamación, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Casanovas
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology - Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Messeguer
- Biomed Division, LEITAT Technological Center, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Edifici Hèlix, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pérez-Riba
- Cellular Signaling Unit, Human Molecular Genetics Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908 Barcelona, Spain,
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Juvvadi PR, Ma Y, Richards AD, Soderblom EJ, Moseley MA, Lamoth F, Steinbach WJ. Identification and mutational analyses of phosphorylation sites of the calcineurin-binding protein CbpA and the identification of domains required for calcineurin binding in Aspergillus fumigatus. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:175. [PMID: 25821446 PMCID: PMC4358225 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin is a key protein phosphatase required for hyphal growth and virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus, making it an attractive antifungal target. However, currently available calcineurin inhibitors, FK506 and cyclosporine A, are immunosuppressive, limiting usage in the treatment of patients with invasive aspergillosis. Therefore, the identification of endogenous inhibitors of calcineurin belonging to the calcipressin family is an important parallel strategy. We previously identified the gene cbpA as the A. fumigatus calcipressin member and showed its involvement in hyphal growth and calcium homeostasis. However, the mechanism of its activation/inhibition through phosphorylation and its interaction with calcineurin remains unknown. Here we show that A. fumigatus CbpA is phosphorylated at three distinct domains, including the conserved SP repeat motif (phosphorylated domain-I; PD-I), a filamentous fungal-specific domain (PD-II), and the C-terminal CIC motif (Calcipressin Inhibitor of Calcineurin; PD-III). While mutation of three phosphorylated residues (Ser208, Ser217, Ser223) in the PD-II did not affect CbpA function in vivo, mutation of the two phosphorylated serines (Ser156, Ser160) in the SP repeat motif caused reduced hyphal growth and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Mutational analysis in the key domains in calcineurin A (CnaA) and proteomic interaction studies confirmed the requirement of PxIxIT motif-binding residues (352-NIR-354) and the calcineurin B (CnaB)-binding helix residue (V371) for the binding of CbpA to CnaA. Additionally, while the calmodulin-binding residues (442-RVF-444) did not affect CbpA binding to CnaA, three mutations (T359P, H361L, and L365S) clustered between the CnaA catalytic and the CnaB-binding helix were also required for CbpA binding. This is the first study to analyze the phosphorylation status of calcipressin in filamentous fungi and identify the domains required for binding to calcineurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen R Juvvadi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Amber D Richards
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Erik J Soderblom
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - M Arthur Moseley
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Frédéric Lamoth
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA ; Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland ; Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - William J Steinbach
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA ; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
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29
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Ma Y, Jiang G, Wang Q, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Tong L, Luo J. Enzymatic and thermodynamic analysis of calcineurin inhibition by RCAN1. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 72:254-60. [PMID: 25193101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin (CN) is the target of the immunophilin-immunosuppressant complex, cyclophilin/cyclosporin A (CyP/CsA). RCAN1 has recently been shown to be an endogenous regulator of CN activity. We determined the enzymatic and thermodynamic aspects of CN inhibition by RCAN1. The IC50 values of isoforms RCAN1-1L and RCAN1-4 for CN were 2.7 μM and 2.6 μM, respectively. Two deletions in the CN catalytic subunit, one a deletion of Val314 in the Loop7 domain (ΔV314) and the other in the autoinhibitory domain (CNAabc), increased the sensitivity of CN to inhibition by RCAN1-1L. The IC50s of RCAN1-1L and RCAN1-4 for CN in homogenates of mouse brain were 141 nM and 100 nM, respectively. Using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), we found that the RCAN1-1L/CN or CyP/CsA/CN interactions were exothermic with a dissociation constant of 0.46 μM or 0.17 μM, respectively. Our ITC results show that the interactions between CN and its two inhibitors were both characterized by a favorable binding enthalpy change. We also confirmed that overexpression of RCAN1-1L could inhibit the transcriptional activation of an NFAT-dependent promoter in response to PMA and ionomycin by inhibiting CN activity in HEK293T cells. Our data should contribute to our understanding of the regulation of CN activity by endogenous inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Jiang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Qianru Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yane Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing 100875, China.
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30
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Itakura M, Watanabe I, Sugaya T, Takahashi M. Direct association of the unique C-terminal tail of transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein γ-8 with calcineurin. FEBS J 2014; 281:1366-1378. [PMID: 24418105 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) are auxiliary subunits that regulate AMPA receptor trafficking to the plasma membrane and localization to postsynaptic sites. The classical TARP family consists of four members: stargazin/γ-2, γ-3, γ-4 and γ-8. The TARP γ-8 isoform, which is highly expressed in the hippocampus, has a unique, long C-terminal domain with five distinct regions: two glycine-rich regions, a serine/arginine-rich region, a proline/alanine (P/A) rich region, and a PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PDZ) binding motif. We performed mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation assays to identify specific binding partners for the γ-8 C-terminal tail and found that γ-8, but not stargazin/γ-2, co-immunoprecipitated with calcineurin/PP2B, a Ca(2+) /calmodulin-dependent Ser/Thr phosphatase. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analyses of lysates from COS-7 cells co-transfected with calcineurin and either wild type or chimeric γ-8 revealed that a section of the C-terminal tail (residues 356-421) can bind calcineurin. Futhermore, γ-8 lacking the P/A-rich region (residues 383-399) did not bind to calcineurin. In addition, the GST-γ-8 C-terminal tail (residues 353-414) fusion protein containing the P/A-rich region bound to purified calcineurin in a Ca(2+) /calmodulin-dependent manner, whereas GST-γ-8 with a deletion of the P/A-rich region did not. Peptide competition assays demonstrated that γ-8 may interact with the hydrophobic pocket defined by β-sheet 14 and/or adjacent regions of the catalytic A subunit of calcineurin. These results indicate that the γ-8 P/A-rich region is essential for binding calcineurin, suggesting that the γ-8/calcineurin complex may regulate AMPA receptor phosphorylation and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Itakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Serrano-Candelas E, Farré D, Aranguren-Ibáñez Á, Martínez-Høyer S, Pérez-Riba M. The vertebrate RCAN gene family: novel insights into evolution, structure and regulation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85539. [PMID: 24465593 PMCID: PMC3896409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently there has been much interest in the Regulators of Calcineurin (RCAN) proteins which are important endogenous modulators of the calcineurin-NFATc signalling pathway. They have been shown to have a crucial role in cellular programmes such as the immune response, muscle fibre remodelling and memory, but also in pathological processes such as cardiac hypertrophy and neurodegenerative diseases. In vertebrates, the RCAN family form a functional subfamily of three members RCAN1, RCAN2 and RCAN3 whereas only one RCAN is present in the rest of Eukarya. In addition, RCAN genes have been shown to collocate with RUNX and CLIC genes in ACD clusters (ACD21, ACD6 and ACD1). How the RCAN genes and their clustering in ACDs evolved is still unknown. After analysing RCAN gene family evolution using bioinformatic tools, we propose that the three RCAN vertebrate genes within the ACD clusters, which evolved from single copy genes present in invertebrates and lower eukaryotes, are the result of two rounds of whole genome duplication, followed by a segmental duplication. This evolutionary scenario involves the loss or gain of some RCAN genes during evolution. In addition, we have analysed RCAN gene structure and identified the existence of several characteristic features that can be involved in RCAN evolution and gene expression regulation. These included: several transposable elements, CpG islands in the 5′ region of the genes, the existence of antisense transcripts (NAT) associated with the three human genes, and considerable evidence for bidirectional promoters that regulate RCAN gene expression. Furthermore, we show that the CpG island associated with the RCAN3 gene promoter is unmethylated and transcriptionally active. All these results provide timely new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying RCAN function and a more in depth knowledge of this gene family whose members are obvious candidates for the development of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Serrano-Candelas
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute – IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Domènec Farré
- Biological Aggression and Response Mechanisms Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer – IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Aranguren-Ibáñez
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute – IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Høyer
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute – IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pérez-Riba
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute – IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Torac E, Gaman L, Atanasiu V. The regulator of calcineurin (RCAN1) an important factor involved in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases development. J Med Life 2014; 7:481-7. [PMID: 25713607 PMCID: PMC4316123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, one of the main causes of cardiovascular diseases, is a complex process that involves manifold factors. Besides the vascular lipids accumulation, inflammatory factors could be considered as a proatherogenic factor - RCAN1. RCAN1 is a regulator of calcineurin, both of them being calcium dependent proteins. Recent studies have shown that RCAN1 has an important role in heart valve development. In the same time researchers found that, the atherosclerotic plaques have an up-regulated RCAN1 gene expression. In the near future, it is desirable to elucidate the RCAN1 function and classify it as a possible biochemical marker to diagnose infancy atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Torac
- Biochemistry Department, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - L Gaman
- Biochemistry Department, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - V Atanasiu
- Biochemistry Department, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Regulator of calcineurin 1 modulates expression of innate anxiety and anxiogenic responses to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment. J Neurosci 2013; 33:16930-44. [PMID: 24155299 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3513-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) controls the activity of calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin (CaN), which has been implicated in human anxiety disorders. Previously, we reported that RCAN1 functioned as an inhibitor of CaN activity in the brain. However, we now find enhanced phosphorylation of a CaN substrate, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), in the brains of Rcan1 knock-out (KO) mice. Consistent with enhanced CREB activation, we also observe enhanced expression of a CREB transcriptional target, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in Rcan1 KO mice. We also discovered that RCAN1 deletion or blockade of RCAN1-CaN interaction reduced CaN and protein phosphatase-1 localization to nuclear-enriched protein fractions and promoted CREB activation. Because of the potential links between CREB, BDNF, and anxiety, we examined the role of RCAN1 in the expression of innate anxiety. Rcan1 KO mice displayed reduced anxiety in several tests of unconditioned anxiety. Acute pharmacological inhibition of CaN rescued these deficits while transgenic overexpression of human RCAN1 increased anxiety. Finally, we found that Rcan1 KO mice lacked the early anxiogenic response to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine and had improved latency for its therapeutic anxiolytic effects. Together, our study suggests that RCAN1 plays an important role in the expression of anxiety-related and SSRI-related behaviors through CaN-dependent signaling pathways. These results identify RCAN1 as a mediator of innate emotional states and possible therapeutic target for anxiety.
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Martínez-Høyer S, Aranguren-Ibáñez Á, García-García J, Serrano-Candelas E, Vilardell J, Nunes V, Aguado F, Oliva B, Itarte E, Pérez-Riba M. Protein kinase CK2-dependent phosphorylation of the human Regulators of Calcineurin reveals a novel mechanism regulating the calcineurin–NFATc signaling pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2311-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Danielsen AA, Parker MD, Lee S, Boron WF, Aalkjaer C, Boedtkjer E. Splice cassette II of Na+,HCO3(-) cotransporter NBCn1 (slc4a7) interacts with calcineurin A: implications for transporter activity and intracellular pH control during rat artery contractions. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:8146-8155. [PMID: 23382378 PMCID: PMC3605633 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.455386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Na(+),HCO3(-) cotransport in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to intracellular pH (pH(i)) control during artery contraction, but the signaling pathways involved have been unknown. We investigated whether physical and functional interactions between the Na(+),HCO3(-) cotransporter NBCn1 (slc4a7) and the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-activated serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin exist and play a role for pHi control in VSMCs. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we found that splice cassette II from the N terminus of NBCn1 interacts with calcineurin Aβ. When cassette II was truncated or mutated to disrupt the putative calcineurin binding motif PTVVIH, the interaction was abolished. Native NBCn1 and calcineurin Aβ co-immunoprecipitated from A7r5 rat VSMCs. A peptide (acetyl-DDIPTVVIH-amide), which mimics the putative calcineurin binding motif, inhibited the co-immunoprecipitation whereas a mutated peptide (acetyl-DDIATAVAA-amide) did not. Na(+),HCO3(-) cotransport activity was investigated in VSMCs of mesenteric arteries after an NH4(+) prepulse. During depolarization with 50 mM extracellular K(+) to raise intracellular [Ca(2+)], Na(+),HCO3(-) cotransport activity was inhibited 20-30% by calcineurin inhibitors (FK506 and cyclosporine A). FK506 did not affect Na(+),HCO3(-) cotransport activity in VSMCs when cytosolic [Ca(2+)] was lowered by buffering, nor did it disrupt binding between NBCn1 and calcineurin Aβ. FK506 augmented the intracellular acidification of VSMCs during norepinephrine-induced artery contractions. No physical or functional interactions between calcineurin Aβ and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE1 were observed in VSMCs. In conclusion, we demonstrate a physical interaction between calcineurin Aβ and cassette II of NBCn1. Intracellular Ca(2+) activates Na(+),HCO3(-) cotransport activity in VSMCs in a calcineurin-dependent manner which is important for protection against intracellular acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Danielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Water and Salt Research Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mark D Parker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Soojung Lee
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Water and Salt Research Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Walter F Boron
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Christian Aalkjaer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Water and Salt Research Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Water and Salt Research Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Liu H, Tu L, Wang Q, Sun Y, Ma Y, Cen J, Wei Q, Luo J. Modulation of calcineurin activity in mouse brain by chronic oral administration of cyclosporine A. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:445-53. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) is a major therapeutic agent for the treatment of leukemia because of its ability to induce apoptosis in lymphoid cells. The mechanism causing apoptosis, however, is still controversial. Since the glucocorticoid receptor is a transcription factor, some of its target genes are expected to be implicated in apoptosis. In this study, using a GC-sensitive human pre-B leukemia cell line, Nalm-6, the FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) and regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) genes were disrupted by homologous recombination, since the expression of both is up-regulated by GC in GC-sensitive but not in GC-resistant leukemic cell lines. While the disruption of FKBP5 had a marginal effect on GC-induced apoptosis, that of RCAN1 resulted in marked resistance to GC. In addition, overexpression of RCAN1 rendered cells more sensitive to DEX. In RCAN1-disrupted cells, levels of some pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins were decreased and increased, respectively. Finally, phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and up-regulation of CREB target genes by GC were inhibited by RCAN1 disruption, and treatment with a cAMP-inducing agent, forskolin, restored the sensitivity to GC in RCAN1-disrupted Nalm-6 cells. These findings suggest that up-regulation of RCAN1 expression followed by activation of the CREB pathway is required in GC-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Nagao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yujiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Miyashita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Wang X, Huang Y, Li L, Wei Q. TRAF3 negatively regulates calcineurin-NFAT pathway by targeting calcineurin B subunit for degradation. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:748-56. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Jung MS, Park JH, Ryu YS, Choi SH, Yoon SH, Kwen MY, Oh JY, Song WJ, Chung SH. Regulation of RCAN1 protein activity by Dyrk1A protein-mediated phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:40401-12. [PMID: 21965663 PMCID: PMC3220559 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.253971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Two genes on chromosome 21, namely dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) and regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1), have been implicated in some of the phenotypic characteristics of Down syndrome, including the early onset of Alzheimer disease. Although a link between Dyrk1A and RCAN1 and the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway has been reported, it remains unclear whether Dyrk1A directly interacts with RCAN1. In the present study, Dyrk1A is shown to directly interact with and phosphorylate RCAN1 at Ser(112) and Thr(192) residues. Dyrk1A-mediated phosphorylation of RCAN1 at Ser(112) primes the protein for the GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation of Ser(108). Phosphorylation of RCAN1 at Thr(192) by Dyrk1A enhances the ability of RCAN1 to inhibit the phosphatase activity of calcineurin (Caln), leading to reduced NFAT transcriptional activity and enhanced Tau phosphorylation. These effects are mediated by the enhanced binding of RCAN1 to Caln and its extended half-life caused by Dyrk1A-mediated phosphorylation. Furthermore, an increased expression of phospho-Thr(192)-RCAN1 was observed in the brains of transgenic mice overexpressing the Dyrk1A protein. These results suggest a direct link between Dyrk1A and RCAN1 in the Caln-NFAT signaling and Tau hyperphosphorylation pathways, supporting the notion that the synergistic interaction between the chromosome 21 genes RCAN1 and Dyrk1A is associated with a variety of pathological features associated with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Su Jung
- From the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute for Brain Science and Technology, FIRST Research Group, Inje University, 633-146 Gaegeum-2-Dong, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Park
- From the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute for Brain Science and Technology, FIRST Research Group, Inje University, 633-146 Gaegeum-2-Dong, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735, South Korea
| | - Young Shin Ryu
- From the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute for Brain Science and Technology, FIRST Research Group, Inje University, 633-146 Gaegeum-2-Dong, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Choi
- From the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute for Brain Science and Technology, FIRST Research Group, Inje University, 633-146 Gaegeum-2-Dong, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735, South Korea
| | - Song-Hee Yoon
- From the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute for Brain Science and Technology, FIRST Research Group, Inje University, 633-146 Gaegeum-2-Dong, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735, South Korea
| | - Mi-Yang Kwen
- From the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute for Brain Science and Technology, FIRST Research Group, Inje University, 633-146 Gaegeum-2-Dong, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735, South Korea
| | - Ji Youn Oh
- From the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute for Brain Science and Technology, FIRST Research Group, Inje University, 633-146 Gaegeum-2-Dong, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735, South Korea
| | - Woo-Joo Song
- From the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute for Brain Science and Technology, FIRST Research Group, Inje University, 633-146 Gaegeum-2-Dong, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735, South Korea
| | - Sul-Hee Chung
- From the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute for Brain Science and Technology, FIRST Research Group, Inje University, 633-146 Gaegeum-2-Dong, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735, South Korea
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Li H, Rao A, Hogan PG. Interaction of calcineurin with substrates and targeting proteins. Trends Cell Biol 2011; 21:91-103. [PMID: 21115349 PMCID: PMC3244350 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin is a calcium activated protein phosphatase with a major role in calcium signaling in diverse cells and organs and clinical importance as the target of the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporin A and tacrolimus (FK506). Cell biology studies have focused mainly on the role of calcineurin in transcriptional signaling. Calcium entry in response to extracellular stimuli results in calcineurin activation, and signal transmission from the cytosol into the nucleus through dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). This initiates a cascade of transcriptional events involved in physiological and developmental processes. Molecular analyses of the calcineurin-NFAT interaction have been extended recently to encompass the interaction of calcineurin with other substrates, targeting proteins and regulators of calcineurin activity. These studies have increased our understanding of how this essential calcium activated enzyme orchestrates intracellular events in cooperation with other signaling pathways, and have suggested a link between altered calcineurin signaling and the developmental anomalies of Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Li
- Immune Disease Institute and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Barry SP, Townsend PA. What causes a broken heart--molecular insights into heart failure. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 284:113-79. [PMID: 20875630 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(10)84003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the molecular processes which regulate cardiac function has grown immeasurably in recent years. Even with the advent of β-blockers, angiotensin inhibitors and calcium modulating agents, heart failure (HF) still remains a seriously debilitating and life-threatening condition. Here, we review the molecular changes which occur in the heart in response to increased load and the pathways which control cardiac hypertrophy, calcium homeostasis, and immune activation during HF. These can occur as a result of genetic mutation in the case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or as a result of ischemic or hypertensive heart disease. In the majority of cases, calcineurin and CaMK respond to dysregulated calcium signaling and adrenergic drive is increased, each of which has a role to play in controlling blood pressure, heart rate, and left ventricular function. Many major pathways for pathological remodeling converge on a set of transcriptional regulators such as myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFAT), and GATA4 and these are opposed by the action of the natriuretic peptides ANP and BNP. Epigenetic modification has emerged in recent years as a major influence cardiac physiology and histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are now known to both induce and antagonize hypertrophic growth. The newly emerging roles of microRNAs in regulating left ventricular dysfunction and fibrosis also has great potential for novel therapeutic intervention. Finally, we discuss the role of the immune system in mediating left ventricular dysfunction and fibrosis and ways this can be targeted in the setting of viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán P Barry
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Takeo S, Hawley RS, Aigaki T. Calcineurin and its regulation by Sra/RCAN is required for completion of meiosis in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2010; 344:957-67. [PMID: 20561515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) signaling pathways play important roles to complete meiosis from metaphase II arrest in vertebrate oocytes. However, less is known about the molecular mechanism of completion of meiosis in Drosophila females. Here, we provide direct evidence that calcineurin, a Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent phosphatase, is essential for meiotic progression beyond metaphase I in Drosophila oocytes. Oocytes from germline clones lacking CanB2, a calcineurin regulatory subunit B, failed to complete meiosis after egg activation, and laid eggs exhibited a meiotic arrested anaphase I chromosome configuration. Genetic analyses suggest that calcineurin activity is regulated by Sarah (Sra), a family member of regulators of calcineurin (RCANs), through a Sra phosphorylation-dependent mechanism. Our results support a view in which the phosphorylation of Sra not only acts to relieve the inhibitory effects of Sra, but also acts to activate calcineurin, thus explaining the role of RCAN proteins as positive regulators of calcineurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Takeo
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.
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Roy J, Cyert MS. Cracking the phosphatase code: docking interactions determine substrate specificity. Sci Signal 2009; 2:re9. [PMID: 19996458 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2100re9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoserine- and phosphothreonine-directed phosphatases display remarkable substrate specificity, yet the sites that they dephosphorylate show little similarity in amino acid sequence. Studies reveal that docking interactions are key for the recognition of substrates and regulators by two conserved phosphatases, protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin. In each case, a small degenerate sequence motif in the interacting protein directs low-affinity binding to a docking surface on the phosphatase that is distinct from the active site; several such interactions combine to confer overall binding specificity. Some docking surfaces are conserved, such as a hydrophobic groove on a face opposite the active site that serves as a major recognition surface for the "RVxF" motif of proteins that interact with PP1 and the "PxIxIT" motif of substrates of calcineurin. Secondary motifs combine with this primary targeting sequence to specify phosphatase binding. A comprehensive interactome for mammalian PP1 was described, analysis of which defines several PP1-binding motifs. Studies of "LxVP," a secondary calcineurin-binding sequence, establish that this motif is a conserved feature of calcineurin substrates and that the immunosuppressants FK506 and cyclosporin A inhibit the phosphatase by interfering with LxVP-mediated docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoree Roy
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA
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Sieber M, Baumgrass R. Novel inhibitors of the calcineurin/NFATc hub - alternatives to CsA and FK506? Cell Commun Signal 2009; 7:25. [PMID: 19860902 PMCID: PMC2774854 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-7-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The drugs cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) revolutionized organ transplantation. Both compounds are still widely used in the clinic as well as for basic research, even though they have dramatic side effects and modulate other pathways than calcineurin-NFATc, too. To answer the major open question - whether the adverse side effects are secondary to the actions of the drugs on the calcineurin-NFATc pathway - alternative inhibitors were developed. Ideal inhibitors should discriminate between the inhibition of (i) calcineurin and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases; the matchmaker proteins of CsA and FK506), (ii) calcineurin and the other Ser/Thr protein phosphatases, and (iii) NFATc and other transcription factors. In this review we summarize the current knowledge about novel inhibitors, synthesized or identified in the last decades, and focus on their mode of action, specificity, and biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Sieber
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
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