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Choi WS, Kwon H, Yi E, Lee H, Kim JM, Park HJ, Choi EJ, Choi ME, Sung YH, Won CH, Sung CO, Kim HS. HPK1 Dysregulation-Associated NK Cell Dysfunction and Defective Expansion Promotes Metastatic Melanoma Progression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400920. [PMID: 38828677 PMCID: PMC11304315 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Distant metastasis, the leading cause of cancer death, is efficiently kept in check by immune surveillance. Studies have uncovered peripheral natural killer (NK) cells as key antimetastatic effectors and their dysregulation during metastasis. However, the molecular mechanism governing NK cell dysfunction links to metastasis remains elusive. Herein, MAP4K1 encoding HPK1 is aberrantly overexpressed in dysfunctional NK cells in the periphery and the metastatic site. Conditional HPK1 overexpression in NK cells suffices to exacerbate melanoma lung metastasis but not primary tumor growth. Conversely, MAP4K1-deficient mice are resistant to metastasis and further protected by combined immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Mechanistically, HPK1 restrains NK cell cytotoxicity and expansion via activating receptors. Likewise, HPK1 limits human NK cell activation and associates with melanoma NK cell dysfunction couples to TGF-β1 and patient response to immune checkpoint therapy. Thus, HPK1 is an intracellular checkpoint controlling NK-target cell responses, which is dysregulated and hijacked by tumors during metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Seon Choi
- Department of MicrobiologyStem Cell Immunomodulation Research CenterAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung‐Joon Kwon
- Department of MicrobiologyStem Cell Immunomodulation Research CenterAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Yi
- Department of MicrobiologyStem Cell Immunomodulation Research CenterAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Lee
- Department of MicrobiologyStem Cell Immunomodulation Research CenterAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Department of MicrobiologyStem Cell Immunomodulation Research CenterAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Park
- Department of MicrobiologyStem Cell Immunomodulation Research CenterAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Choi
- Department of DermatologyAsan Institute for Life SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Eun Choi
- Department of DermatologyAsan Institute for Life SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Sung
- Department of Cell and Genetic EngineeringAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Won
- Department of DermatologyAsan Institute for Life SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ohk Sung
- Department of PathologyAsan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and TechnologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Sik Kim
- Department of MicrobiologyStem Cell Immunomodulation Research CenterAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
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Ahn MJ, Kim EH, Choi Y, Chae CH, Kim P, Kim SH. Novel hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 inhibitor KHK-6 enhances T-cell activation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305261. [PMID: 38923962 PMCID: PMC11207149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the functional role of negative regulators in immune cells is an effective approach for developing immunotherapies. The serine/threonine kinase hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) involved in the T-cell receptor signaling pathway attenuates T-cell activation by inducing the degradation of SLP-76 through its phosphorylation at Ser-376, reducing the immune response. Interestingly, several studies have shown that the genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of HPK1 kinase activity improves the immune response to cancers by enhancing T-cell activation and cytokine production; therefore, HPK1 could be a promising druggable target for T-cell-based cancer immunotherapy. To increase the immune response against cancer cells, we designed and synthesized KHK-6 and evaluated its cellular activity to inhibit HPK1 and enhance T-cell activation. KHK-6 inhibited HPK1 kinase activity with an IC50 value of 20 nM and CD3/CD28-induced phosphorylation of SLP-76 at Ser-376 Moreover, KHK-6 significantly enhanced CD3/CD28-induced production of cytokines; proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that expressed CD69, CD25, and HLA-DR markers; and T-cell-mediated killing activity of SKOV3 and A549 cells. In conclusion, KHK-6 is a novel ATP-competitive HPK1 inhibitor that blocks the phosphorylation of HPK1 downstream of SLP-76, enhancing the functional activation of T cells. In summary, our study showed the usefulness of KHK-6 in the drug discovery for the HPK1-inhibiting immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Ahn
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Kim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunha Choi
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Hak Chae
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilho Kim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Zhou L, Wang T, Zhang K, Zhang X, Jiang S. The development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting HPK1. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Heinz A, Nonnenmacher Y, Henne A, Khalil MA, Bejkollari K, Dostert C, Hosseini S, Goldmann O, He W, Palorini R, Verschueren C, Korte M, Chiaradonna F, Medina E, Brenner D, Hiller K. Itaconate controls its own synthesis via feedback-inhibition of reverse TCA cycle activity at IDH2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166530. [PMID: 36038039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages undergo extensive metabolic reprogramming during classical pro-inflammatory polarization (M1-like). The accumulation of itaconate has been recognized as both a consequence and mediator of the inflammatory response. In this study we first examined the specific functions of itaconate inside fractionated mitochondria. We show that M1 macrophages produce itaconate de novo via aconitase decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1) inside mitochondria. The carbon for this reaction is not only supplied by oxidative TCA cycling, but also through the reductive carboxylation of α-ketoglutarate by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). While macrophages are capable of sustaining a certain degree of itaconate production during hypoxia by augmenting the activity of IDH-dependent reductive carboxylation, we demonstrate that sufficient itaconate synthesis requires a balance of reductive and oxidative TCA cycle metabolism in mouse macrophages. In comparison, human macrophages increase itaconate accumulation under hypoxic conditions by augmenting reductive carboxylation activity. We further demonstrated that itaconate attenuates reductive carboxylation at IDH2, restricting its own production and the accumulation of the immunomodulatory metabolites citrate and 2-hydroxyglutarate. In line with this, reductive carboxylation is enhanced in ACOD1-depleted macrophages. Mechanistically, the inhibition of IDH2 by itaconate is linked to the alteration of the mitochondrial NADP+/NADPH ratio and competitive succinate dehydrogenase inhibition. Taken together, our findings extend the current model of TCA cycle reprogramming during pro-inflammatory macrophage activation and identified novel regulatory properties of itaconate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Heinz
- Department for Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, BRICS, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yannic Nonnenmacher
- Department for Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, BRICS, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Antonia Henne
- Department for Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, BRICS, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michelle-Amirah Khalil
- Department for Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, BRICS, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ketlin Bejkollari
- Department for Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, BRICS, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Catherine Dostert
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Shirin Hosseini
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Oliver Goldmann
- Infection Immunology Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wei He
- Department for Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, BRICS, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roberta Palorini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, Milan, Italy
| | - Charlène Verschueren
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Martin Korte
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany; Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ferdinando Chiaradonna
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Medina
- Infection Immunology Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Immunology and Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for System Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Department for Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, BRICS, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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5
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A novel lipidic peptide with potential to promote balanced effector-regulatory T cell responses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11185. [PMID: 35778468 PMCID: PMC9249808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-dendritic cell (DC) interactions contribute to reciprocal stimulation leading to DC maturation that results in production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Both cytokines have been implicated in autoimmune diseases while being necessary for effective immune responses against foreign antigens. We describe a lipidic peptide, designated IK14004, that modifies crosstalk between T cells and DCs resulting in suppression of IL-12p40/IFN-γ production. T cell production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IFN-γ is uncoupled and IL-12p70 production is enhanced. IK14004 induces expression of activating co-receptors in CD8+ T cells and increases the proportion of Foxp3-expressing CD4+ T regulatory cells. The potential for IK14004 to impact on signalling pathways required to achieve a balanced immune response upon stimulation of DCs and T cells is highlighted. This novel compound provides an opportunity to gain further insights into the complexity of T cell-DC interactions relevant to autoimmunity associated with malignancies and may have therapeutic benefit.
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Zhu Q, Chen N, Tian X, Zhou Y, You Q, Xu X. Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1 in Tumor Immunology: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8065-8090. [PMID: 35696642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1), a hematopoietic cell-restricted member of the serine/threonine Ste20-related protein kinases, is a negative regulator of the T cell receptor, B cell receptor, and dendritic cells. Loss of HPK1 kinase function increases cytokine secretion and enhances T cell signaling, virus clearance, and tumor growth inhibition. Therefore, HPK1 is considered a promising target for tumor immunotherapy. Several HPK1 inhibitors have been reported to regulate T cell function. In addition, HPK1-targeting PROTACs, which can induce the degradation of HPK1, have also been developed. Here, we provide an overview of research concerning HPK1 protein structure, function, and inhibitors and propose perspectives and insights for the future development of agents targeting HPK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangsheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Nannan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinjian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yeling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - QiDong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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7
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Kutzner K, Woods S, Karayel O, Gehring T, Yin H, Flatley A, Graß C, Wimberger N, Tofaute MJ, Seeholzer T, Feederle R, Mann M, Krappmann D. Phosphorylation of serine-893 in CARD11 suppresses the formation and activity of the CARD11-BCL10-MALT1 complex in T and B cells. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabk3083. [PMID: 35230873 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abk3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
CARD11 acts as a gatekeeper for adaptive immune responses after T cell or B cell antigen receptor (TCR/BCR) ligation on lymphocytes. PKCθ/β-catalyzed phosphorylation of CARD11 promotes the assembly of the CARD11-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) complex and lymphocyte activation. Here, we demonstrated that PKCθ/β-dependent CARD11 phosphorylation also suppressed CARD11 functions in T or B cells. Through mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis, we identified multiple constitutive and inducible CARD11 phosphorylation sites in T cells. We demonstrated that a single TCR- or BCR-inducible phosphorylation on Ser893 in the carboxyl terminus of CARD11 prevented the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, the kinase JNK, and the protease MALT1. Moreover, CARD11 Ser893 phosphorylation sensitized BCR-addicted lymphoma cells to toxicity induced by Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. Phosphorylation of Ser893 in CARD11 by PKCθ controlled the strength of CARD11 scaffolding by impairing the formation of the CBM complex. Thus, PKCθ simultaneously catalyzes both stimulatory and inhibitory CARD11 phosphorylation events, which shape the strength of CARD11 signaling in lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Kutzner
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health. Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Woods
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health. Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ozge Karayel
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Torben Gehring
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health. Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hongli Yin
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health. Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrew Flatley
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carina Graß
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health. Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Wimberger
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health. Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marie J Tofaute
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health. Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Seeholzer
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health. Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Daniel Krappmann
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health. Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Moses AK, Ghazi T, Naidoo DB, Chuturgoon A. DNA methylation of MEKKK1: a strategy to reactivate the NF-κB pathway and reverse HIV latency. AIDS 2021; 35:2221-2224. [PMID: 34602592 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avril Kirsten Moses
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Association of miR-499 Polymorphism and Its Regulatory Networks with Hashimoto Thyroiditis Susceptibility: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810094. [PMID: 34576267 PMCID: PMC8470033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune disorder with a strong genetic background. Several genetic factors have been suggested, yet numerous genetic contributors remain to be fully understood in HT pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRs) are gene expression regulators critically involved in biological processes, of which polymorphisms can alter their function, leading to pathologic conditions, including autoimmune diseases. We examined whether miR-499 rs3746444 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to HT in an Iranian subpopulation. Furthermore, we investigated the potential interacting regulatory network of the miR-499. This case-control study included 150 HT patients and 152 healthy subjects. Genotyping of rs3746444 was performed by the PCR-RFLP method. Also, target genomic sites of the polymorphism were predicted using bioinformatics. Our results showed that miR-499 rs3746444 was positively associated with HT risk in heterozygous (OR = 3.32, 95%CI = 2.00–5.53, p < 0.001, CT vs. TT), homozygous (OR = 2.81, 95%CI = 1.30–6.10, p = 0.014, CC vs. TT), dominant (OR = 3.22, 95%CI = 1.97–5.25, p < 0.001, CT + CC vs. TT), overdominant (OR = 2.57, 95%CI = 1.62–4.09, p < 0.001, CC + TT vs. CT), and allelic (OR = 1.92, 95%CI = 1.37–2.69, p < 0.001, C vs. T) models. Mapping predicted target genes of miR-499 on tissue-specific-, co-expression-, and miR-TF networks indicated that main hub-driver nodes are implicated in regulating immune system functions, including immunorecognition and complement activity. We demonstrated that miR-499 rs3746444 is linked to HT susceptibility in our population. However, predicted regulatory networks revealed that this polymorphism is contributing to the regulation of immune system pathways.
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Linney ID, Kaila N. Inhibitors of immuno-oncology target HPK1 - a patent review (2016 to 2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:893-910. [PMID: 33956554 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1924671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Hematopoietic progenitor kinase (HPK1), a serine/threonine kinase, which is primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells is a negative regulator of T-cell receptor and B cell signaling. Studies using genetic disruption of HPK1 function show enhanced T-cell signaling, cytokine production, and in vivo tumor growth inhibition. This profile of enhanced immune response highlights small molecule inhibition of HPK1 as an attractive approach for the immunotherapy of cancer.Areas covered: This article summarizes the biological rationale for the inhibition of HPK1 as a potential adjunct to the current immuno-oncology (IO) therapies. The article primarily discloses the current state of development of HPK1 inhibitors.Expert Opinion: The rapid increase in the identification of small molecule inhibitors of HPK1 should translate into a fuller understanding of the role of HPK1 inhibition in the IO setting. This understanding will be of huge importance in determining whether HPK1 inhibition alone will be sufficient for tumor growth inhibition or if combination with current IO therapies will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Linney
- Medicinal Chemistry, Charles River, Chesterford Park Research Park, Saffron Walden, United Kingdom
| | - Neelu Kaila
- Medicinal Chemistry, Nimbus Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
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11
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Hallumi E, Shalah R, Lo WL, Corso J, Oz I, Beach D, Wittman S, Isenberg A, Sela M, Urlaub H, Weiss A, Yablonski D. Itk Promotes the Integration of TCR and CD28 Costimulation through Its Direct Substrates SLP-76 and Gads. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2322-2337. [PMID: 33931484 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The costimulatory receptor CD28 synergizes with the TCR to promote IL-2 production, cell survival, and proliferation; yet the obligatory interdependence of TCR and CD28 signaling is not well understood. Upon TCR stimulation, Gads, a Grb2-family adaptor, bridges the interaction of two additional adaptors, LAT and SLP-76, to form a TCR-induced effector signaling complex. SLP-76 binds the Tec-family tyrosine kinase, Itk, which phosphorylates SLP-76 Y173 and PLC-γ1 Y783. In this study, we identified TCR-inducible, Itk-mediated phosphorylation of Gads Y45 in a human T cell line and in mouse primary T cells. Y45 is found within the N-terminal SH3 domain of Gads, an evolutionarily conserved domain with no known signaling function. Gads Y45 phosphorylation depended on the interaction of Gads with SLP-76 and on the dimerization-dependent binding of Gads to phospho-LAT. We provide evidence that Itk acts through SLP-76 and Gads to promote the TCR/CD28-induced activation of the RE/AP transcriptional element from the IL-2 promoter. Two Itk-related features of SLP-76, Y173 and a proline-rich Itk SH3 binding motif on SLP-76, were dispensable for activation of NFAT but selectively required for the TCR/CD28-induced increase in cytoplasmic and nuclear c-Rel and consequent RE/AP activation. We provide evidence that unphosphorylated, monomeric Gads mediates an RE/AP-directed inhibitory activity that is mitigated upon Gads dimerization and Y45 phosphorylation. This study illuminates a new, to our knowledge, regulatory module, in which TCR-induced, Itk-mediated phosphorylation sites on SLP-76 and Gads control the transcriptional response to TCR/CD28 costimulation, thus enforcing the obligatory interdependence of the TCR and CD28 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas Hallumi
- Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rose Shalah
- Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Wan-Lin Lo
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jasmin Corso
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ilana Oz
- Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dvora Beach
- Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Samuel Wittman
- Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amy Isenberg
- Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Meirav Sela
- Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytics Research Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arthur Weiss
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Deborah Yablonski
- Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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12
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Wang W, Wei Q, Hao Q, Zhang Y, Li Y, Bi Y, Jin Z, Liu H, Liu X, Yang Z, Xiao S. Cellular CARD11 Inhibits the Fusogenic Activity of Newcastle Disease Virus via CBM Signalosome-Mediated Furin Reduction in Chicken Fibroblasts. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:607451. [PMID: 33603723 PMCID: PMC7884349 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.607451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes an infectious disease that poses a major threat to poultry health. Our previous study identified a chicken brain-specific caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11 (CARD11) that was upregulated in chicken neurons and inhibited NDV replication. This raises the question of whether CARD11 plays a role in inhibiting viruses in non-neural cells. Here, chicken fibroblasts were used as a non-neural cell model to investigate the role. CARD11 expression was not significantly upregulated by either velogenic or lentogenic NDV infection in chicken fibroblasts. Viral replication was decreased in DF-1 cells stably overexpressing CARD11, while viral growth was significantly increased in the CARD11-knockdown DF-1 cell line. Moreover, CARD11 colocalized with the viral P protein and aggregated around the fibroblast nucleus, suggesting that an interaction existed between CARD11 and the viral P protein; this interaction was further examined by suppressing viral RNA polymerase activity by using a minigenome assay. Viral replication was inhibited by CARD11 in fibroblasts, and this result was consistent with our previous report in chicken neurons. Importantly, CARD11 was observed to reduce the syncytia induced by either velogenic virus infection or viral haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and F cotransfection in fibroblasts. We found that CARD11 inhibited the expression of the host protease furin, which is essential for cleavage of the viral F protein to trigger fusogenic activity. Furthermore, the CARD11-Bcl10-MALT1 (CBM) signalosome was found to suppress furin expression, which resulted in a reduction in the cleavage efficiency of the viral F protein to further inhibit viral syncytia. Taken together, our findings mainly demonstrated a novel CARD11 inhibitory mechanism for viral fusogenic activity in chicken fibroblasts, and this mechanism explains the antiviral roles of this molecule in NDV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
| | - Qiaolin Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiqi Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yongshan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Youkun Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhongyuan Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haijin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuelan Liu
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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13
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Wang Y, Zhang K, Georgiev P, Wells S, Xu H, Lacey BM, Xu Z, Laskey J, Mcleod R, Methot JL, Bittinger M, Pasternak A, Ranganath S. Pharmacological inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 positively regulates T-cell function. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243145. [PMID: 33270695 PMCID: PMC7714195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1), a hematopoietic cell-specific Ste20-related serine/threonine kinase, is a negative regulator of signal transduction in immune cells, including T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). In mice, HPK1 deficiency subverts inhibition of the anti-tumor immune response and is associated with functional augmentation of anti-tumor T cells. We have used a potent, small molecule HPK1 inhibitor, Compound 1, to investigate the effects of pharmacological intervention of HPK1 kinase activity in immune cells. Compound 1 enhanced Th1 cytokine production in T cells and fully reverted immune suppression imposed by the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and adenosine pathways in human T cells. Moreover, the combination of Compound 1 with pembrolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), demonstrated a synergistic effect, resulting in enhanced interferon (IFN)-γ production. Collectively, our results suggest that blocking HPK1 kinase activity with small molecule inhibitors alone or in combination with checkpoint blockade may be an attractive approach for the immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Oncology Early Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kelvin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Georgiev
- Department of Oncology Early Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steven Wells
- Department of Oncology Early Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brian M. Lacey
- Department of Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zangwei Xu
- Department of Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jason Laskey
- Department of Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robbie Mcleod
- Department of Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joey L. Methot
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark Bittinger
- Department of Oncology Early Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alexander Pasternak
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AP); (SR)
| | - Sheila Ranganath
- Department of Oncology Early Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AP); (SR)
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14
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Sawasdikosol S, Burakoff S. A perspective on HPK1 as a novel immuno-oncology drug target. eLife 2020; 9:55122. [PMID: 32896273 PMCID: PMC7478889 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this perspective review, the role Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1 (HPK1) in tumor immunity will be reviewed, with special emphasis on how T cells are negatively-regulated at different junctures of cancer-immunity cycle by this regulatory kinase. The review will highlight the strengths and weaknesses of HPK1 as a candidate target for novel immuno-oncology (IO) drug development that is centered on the use of small molecule kinase inhibitor to modulate the immune response against cancer. Such a therapeutic approach, if proven successful, could supplement the cancer cell-centric standard of care therapies in order to fully meet the therapeutic needs of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sansana Sawasdikosol
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Steven Burakoff
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, New York, United States
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15
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Wang S, Zhou L, Ling L, Meng X, Chu F, Zhang S, Zhou F. The Crosstalk Between Hippo-YAP Pathway and Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:323. [PMID: 32174922 PMCID: PMC7056731 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) triggers expression of antiviral interferons and proinflammatory cytokines, which functions as the frontier of host defense against microbial pathogen invasion. Hippo-YAP pathway regulates cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and is involved in diverse life processes, including tissue homeostasis and tumor suppression. Emerging discoveries elucidated that the components of Hippo-YAP pathway, such as MST1/2, NDR1/2, and YAP/TAZ played crucial regulatory roles in innate immunity. Meanwhile the innate immune signaling also exhibited regulatory effect on Hippo-YAP pathway. As for the importance of these two pathways, it would be interesting to figure out the deeper biological implications of their interplays. This review focuses on the regulation between Hippo-YAP pathway and innate immune signaling. We also propose the possible contribution of these interplays to tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Ling
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuli Meng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Suping Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pharmacology, Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation: Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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16
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Hu CH, Wang PQ, Zhang PP, Nie XM, Li BB, Tai L, Liu WT, Li WQ, Chen KM. NADPH Oxidases: The Vital Performers and Center Hubs during Plant Growth and Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:E437. [PMID: 32069961 PMCID: PMC7072856 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs), mostly known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs), are the key producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. A lot of literature has addressed ROS signaling in plant development regulation and stress responses as well as on the enzyme's structure, evolution, function, regulation and associated mechanisms, manifesting the role of NOXs/RBOHs as the vital performers and center hubs during plant growth and signaling. This review focuses on recent advances of NOXs/RBOHs on cell growth, hormone interaction, calcium signaling, abiotic stress responses, and immunity. Several primary particles, including Ca2+, CDPKs, BIK1, ROPs/RACs, CERK, FER, ANX, SnRK and SIK1-mediated regulatory mechanisms, are fully summarized to illustrate the signaling behavior of NOXs/RBOHs and their sophisticated and dexterous crosstalks. Diverse expression and activation regulation models endow NOXs/RBOHs powerful and versatile functions in plants to maintain innate immune homeostasis and development integrity. NOXs/RBOHs and their related regulatory items are the ideal targets for crop improvement in both yield and quality during agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466000, Henan, China
| | - Peng-Qi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiu-Min Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Yablonski D. Bridging the Gap: Modulatory Roles of the Grb2-Family Adaptor, Gads, in Cellular and Allergic Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1704. [PMID: 31402911 PMCID: PMC6669380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen receptor signaling pathways are organized by adaptor proteins. Three adaptors, LAT, Gads, and SLP-76, form a heterotrimeric complex that mediates signaling by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and by the mast cell high affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI). In both pathways, antigen recognition triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of LAT and SLP-76. The recruitment of SLP-76 to phospho-LAT is bridged by Gads, a Grb2 family adaptor composed of two SH3 domains flanking a central SH2 domain and an unstructured linker region. The LAT-Gads-SLP-76 complex is further incorporated into larger microclusters that mediate antigen receptor signaling. Gads is positively regulated by dimerization, which promotes its cooperative binding to LAT. Negative regulation occurs via phosphorylation or caspase-mediated cleavage of the linker region of Gads. FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation is profoundly impaired in LAT- Gads- or SLP-76-deficient mice. Unexpectedly, the thymic developmental phenotype of Gads-deficient mice is much milder than the phenotype of LAT- or SLP-76-deficient mice. This distinction suggests that Gads is not absolutely required for TCR signaling, but may modulate its sensitivity, or regulate a particular branch of the TCR signaling pathway; indeed, the phenotypic similarity of Gads- and Itk-deficient mice suggests a functional connection between Gads and Itk. Additional Gads binding partners include costimulatory proteins such as CD28 and CD6, adaptors such as Shc, ubiquitin regulatory proteins such as USP8 and AMSH, and kinases such as HPK1 and BCR-ABL, but the functional implications of these interactions are not yet fully understood. No interacting proteins or function have been ascribed to the evolutionarily conserved N-terminal SH3 of Gads. Here we explore the biochemical and functional properties of Gads, and its role in regulating allergy, T cell development and T-cell mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Yablonski
- The Immune Cell Signaling Lab, Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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18
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Wilson AS, Law HD, Knobbe-Thomsen CB, Kearney CJ, Oliaro J, Binsfeld C, Burgio G, Starrs L, Brenner D, Randall KL, Brüstle A. Protection from EAE in DOCK8 mutant mice occurs despite increased Th17 cell frequencies in the periphery. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:770-781. [PMID: 30729501 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) has previously been reported to provide resistance to the Th17 cell dependent EAE in mice. Contrary to expectation, we observed an elevation of Th17 cells in two different DOCK8 mutant mouse strains in the steady state. This was specific for Th17 cells with no change in Th1 or Th2 cell populations. In vitro Th cell differentiation assays revealed that the elevated Th17 cell population was not due to a T cell intrinsic differentiation bias. Challenging these mutant mice in the EAE model, we confirmed a resistance to this autoimmune disease with Th17 cells remaining elevated systemically while cellular infiltration in the CNS was reduced. Infiltrating T cells lost the bias toward Th17 cells indicating a relative reduction of Th17 cells in the CNS and a Th17 cell specific migration disadvantage. Adoptive transfers of Th1 and Th17 cells in EAE-affected mice further supported the Th17 cell-specific migration defect, however, DOCK8-deficient Th17 cells expressed normal Th17 cell-specific CCR6 levels and migrated toward chemokine gradients in transwell assays. This study shows that resistance to EAE in DOCK8 mutant mice is achieved despite a systemic Th17 bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia S Wilson
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Hsei Di Law
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Conor J Kearney
- Immune Defence Laboratory, Cancer Immunology Division, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Oliaro
- Immune Defence Laboratory, Cancer Immunology Division, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carole Binsfeld
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gaetan Burgio
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Lora Starrs
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Katrina L Randall
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Anne Brüstle
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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19
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Yablonski D. Bridging the Gap: Modulatory Roles of the Grb2-Family Adaptor, Gads, in Cellular and Allergic Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1704. [PMID: 31402911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01704/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen receptor signaling pathways are organized by adaptor proteins. Three adaptors, LAT, Gads, and SLP-76, form a heterotrimeric complex that mediates signaling by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and by the mast cell high affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI). In both pathways, antigen recognition triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of LAT and SLP-76. The recruitment of SLP-76 to phospho-LAT is bridged by Gads, a Grb2 family adaptor composed of two SH3 domains flanking a central SH2 domain and an unstructured linker region. The LAT-Gads-SLP-76 complex is further incorporated into larger microclusters that mediate antigen receptor signaling. Gads is positively regulated by dimerization, which promotes its cooperative binding to LAT. Negative regulation occurs via phosphorylation or caspase-mediated cleavage of the linker region of Gads. FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation is profoundly impaired in LAT- Gads- or SLP-76-deficient mice. Unexpectedly, the thymic developmental phenotype of Gads-deficient mice is much milder than the phenotype of LAT- or SLP-76-deficient mice. This distinction suggests that Gads is not absolutely required for TCR signaling, but may modulate its sensitivity, or regulate a particular branch of the TCR signaling pathway; indeed, the phenotypic similarity of Gads- and Itk-deficient mice suggests a functional connection between Gads and Itk. Additional Gads binding partners include costimulatory proteins such as CD28 and CD6, adaptors such as Shc, ubiquitin regulatory proteins such as USP8 and AMSH, and kinases such as HPK1 and BCR-ABL, but the functional implications of these interactions are not yet fully understood. No interacting proteins or function have been ascribed to the evolutionarily conserved N-terminal SH3 of Gads. Here we explore the biochemical and functional properties of Gads, and its role in regulating allergy, T cell development and T-cell mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Yablonski
- The Immune Cell Signaling Lab, Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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20
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Lork M, Staal J, Beyaert R. Ubiquitination and phosphorylation of the CARD11-BCL10-MALT1 signalosome in T cells. Cell Immunol 2018; 340:103877. [PMID: 30514565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antigen receptor-induced signaling plays an important role in inflammation and immunity. Formation of a CARD11-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signaling complex is a key event in T- and B cell receptor-induced gene expression by regulating NF-κB activation and mRNA stability. Deregulated CARD11, BCL10 or MALT1 expression or CBM signaling have been associated with immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and cancer, indicating that CBM formation and function have to be tightly regulated. Over the past years great progress has been made in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of assembly and disassembly of the CBM complex. In this context, several posttranslational modifications play an indispensable role in regulating CBM function and downstream signal transduction. In this review we summarize how the different CBM components as well as their interplay are regulated by protein ubiquitination and phosphorylation in the context of T cell receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lork
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Staal
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
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21
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Thys A, Douanne T, Bidère N. Post-translational Modifications of the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 Complex in Lymphocytes and Activated B-Cell Like Subtype of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2018; 8:498. [PMID: 30474008 PMCID: PMC6237847 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Piracy of the NF-κB transcription factors signaling pathway, to sustain its activity, is a mechanism often deployed in B-cell lymphoma to promote unlimited growth and survival. The aggressive activated B-cell like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) exploits a multi-protein complex of CARMA1, BCL10, and MALT1 (CBM complex), which normally conveys NF-κB signaling upon antigen receptors engagement. Once assembled, the CBM also unleashes MALT1 protease activity to finely tune the immune response. As a result, ABC DLBCL tumors develop a profound addiction to NF-κB and to MALT1 enzyme, leaving open a breach for therapeutics. However, the pleiotropic nature of NF-κB jeopardizes the success of its targeting and urges us to develop new strategies. In this review, we discuss how post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination of the CBM components, as well as, MALT1 proteolytic activity, shape the CBM activity in lymphocytes and ABC DLBCL, and may provide new avenues to restore vulnerability in lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Thys
- Team SOAP, CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Tiphaine Douanne
- Team SOAP, CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Bidère
- Team SOAP, CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
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22
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Hernandez S, Qing J, Thibodeau RH, Du X, Park S, Lee HM, Xu M, Oh S, Navarro A, Roose-Girma M, Newman RJ, Warming S, Nannini M, Sampath D, Kim JM, Grogan JL, Mellman I. The Kinase Activity of Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1 Is Essential for the Regulation of T Cell Function. Cell Rep 2018; 25:80-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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23
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Bedsaul JR, Carter NM, Deibel KE, Hutcherson SM, Jones TA, Wang Z, Yang C, Yang YK, Pomerantz JL. Mechanisms of Regulated and Dysregulated CARD11 Signaling in Adaptive Immunity and Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2105. [PMID: 30283447 PMCID: PMC6156143 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CARD11 functions as a key signaling scaffold that controls antigen-induced lymphocyte activation during the adaptive immune response. Somatic mutations in CARD11 are frequently found in Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and at least three classes of germline CARD11 mutations have been described as the basis for primary immunodeficiency. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of how CARD11 signals, how its activity is regulated, and how mutations bypass normal regulation to cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn R Bedsaul
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicole M Carter
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Katelynn E Deibel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shelby M Hutcherson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tyler A Jones
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zhaoquan Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yong-Kang Yang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joel L Pomerantz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Zhang M, Chiang YH, Toruño TY, Lee D, Ma M, Liang X, Lal NK, Lemos M, Lu YJ, Ma S, Liu J, Day B, Dinesh-Kumar SP, Dehesh K, Dou D, Zhou JM, Coaker G. The MAP4 Kinase SIK1 Ensures Robust Extracellular ROS Burst and Antibacterial Immunity in Plants. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 24:379-391.e5. [PMID: 30212650 PMCID: PMC6279242 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial patterns are recognized by cell-surface receptors to initiate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in plants. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs), such as BIK1, and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) are engaged during PTI to activate the NADPH oxidase RBOHD for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. It is unknown whether protein kinases besides CPKs and RLCKs participate in RBOHD regulation. We screened mutants in all ten Arabidopsis MAP4 kinases (MAP4Ks) and identified the conserved MAP4K SIK1 as a positive regulator of PTI. sik1 mutants were compromised in their ability to elicit the ROS burst in response to microbial features and exhibited compromised PTI to bacterial infection. SIK1 directly interacts with, phosphorylates, and stabilizes BIK1 in a kinase activity-dependent manner. Furthermore, SIK1 directly interacts with and phosphorylates RBOHD upon flagellin perception. Thus, SIK1 positively regulates immunity by stabilizing BIK1 and activating RBOHD to promote the extracellular ROS burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tania Y Toruño
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - DongHyuk Lee
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Miaomiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Neeraj K Lal
- Department of Plant Biology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mark Lemos
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yi-Ju Lu
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shisong Ma
- Department of Plant Biology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Savithramma P Dinesh-Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gitta Coaker
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Karim ZA, Hensch NR, Qasim H, Alshbool FZ, Khasawneh FT. Role of IκB kinase β in regulating the remodeling of the CARMA1-Bcl10-MALT1 complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:268-274. [PMID: 29649481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The current work investigates the notion that inducible clustering of signaling mediators of the IKK pathway is important for platelet activation. Thus, while the CARMA1, Bcl10, and MALT1 (CBM) complex is essential for triggering IKK/NF-κB activation upon platelet stimulation, the signals that elicit its formation and downstream effector activation remain elusive. We demonstrate herein that IKKβ is involved in membrane fusion, and serves as a critical protein kinase required for initial formation and the regulation of the CARMA1/MALT1/Bcl10/CBM complex in platelets. We also show that IKKβ regulates these processes via modulation of phosphorylation of Bcl10 and IKKγ polyubiquitination. Collectively, our data demonstrate that IKKβ regulates membrane fusion and the remodeling of the CBM complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair A Karim
- 1101 N. Campbell St, Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
| | - Nicole R Hensch
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Hanan Qasim
- 1101 N. Campbell St, Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Fatima Z Alshbool
- 1101 N. Campbell St, Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Fadi T Khasawneh
- 1101 N. Campbell St, Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
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Abd-Ellah A, Voogdt C, Krappmann D, Möller P, Marienfeld RB. GSK3β modulates NF-κB activation and RelB degradation through site-specific phosphorylation of BCL10. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1352. [PMID: 29358699 PMCID: PMC5777991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase involved in the regulation of various cellular functions, such as energy homoeostasis, cell growth and developmental processes. More recently, GSK3β has been identified as a part of a protein complex involved in the regulation of the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 complex (CBM complex) formation, which is a key signalling event upon antigen receptor engagement of B and T cells, required for the activation of the NF-κB and JNK pathways. However, conflicting reports have been published regarding the role of GSK3β for the activation of the NF-κB signalling pathways. Therefore, we aimed to determine the impact of GSK3β on the NF-κB signalling induced upon T cell activation. Blocking GSK3β by either pharmacologic inhibitors (SB216763 and SB415286) or by RNAi caused a reduced proteolysis of the MALT1 targets CYLD1, BCL10 and RelB as well as diminished IκBα degradation, NF-κB DNA binding and NF-κB activity. This negative effect on NF-κB appears to be due to a diminished CBM complex formation caused by a reduced BCL10 phosphorylation. Taken together, we provide here evidence for a novel regulatory mechanism by which GSK3β affects NF-κB signalling in activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abd-Ellah
- Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89070, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Cornelia Voogdt
- Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89070, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Krappmann
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89070, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralf B Marienfeld
- Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89070, Ulm, Germany.
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Zhang Q, Ding S, Zhang H. Interactions between hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 and its adaptor proteins. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6472-6482. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Meininger I, Krappmann D. Lymphocyte signaling and activation by the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 signalosome. Biol Chem 2017; 397:1315-1333. [PMID: 27420898 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signalosome triggers canonical NF-κB signaling and lymphocyte activation upon antigen-receptor stimulation. Genetic studies in mice and the analysis of human immune pathologies unveiled a critical role of the CBM complex in adaptive immune responses. Great progress has been made in elucidating the fundamental mechanisms that dictate CBM assembly and disassembly. By bridging proximal antigen-receptor signaling to downstream signaling pathways, the CBM complex exerts a crucial scaffolding function. Moreover, the MALT1 subunit confers a unique proteolytic activity that is key for lymphocyte activation. Deregulated 'chronic' CBM signaling drives constitutive NF-κB signaling and MALT1 activation, which contribute to the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as well as lymphomagenesis. Thus, the processes that govern CBM activation and function are promising targets for the treatment of immune disorders. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the functions and mechanisms of CBM signaling in lymphocytes and how CBM deregulations contribute to aberrant signaling in malignant lymphomas.
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Shi JH, Sun SC. TCR signaling to NF-κB and mTORC1: Expanding roles of the CARMA1 complex. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:546-57. [PMID: 26260210 PMCID: PMC4679546 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Naïve T-cell activation requires signals from both the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the costimulatory molecule CD28. A central mediator of the TCR and CD28 signals is the scaffold protein CARMA1, which functions by forming a complex with partner proteins, Bcl10 and MALT1. A well-known function of the CARMA1 signaling complex is to mediate activation of IκB kinase (IKK) and its target transcription factor NF-κB, thereby promoting T-cell activation and survival. Recent evidence suggests that CARMA1 also mediates TCR/CD28-stimulated activation of the IKK-related kinase TBK1, which plays a role in regulating the homeostasis and migration of T cells. Moreover, the CARMA1 complex connects the TCR/CD28 signals to the activation of mTORC1, a metabolic kinase regulating various aspects of T-cell functions. This review will discuss the mechanism underlying the activation of the CARMA1-dependent signaling pathways and their roles in regulating T-cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-hong Shi
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, 212 Yuhua East Road, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Mazzone P, Scudiero I, Ferravante A, Paolucci M, D’Andrea LE, Varricchio E, Telesio G, De Maio C, Pizzulo M, Zotti T, Reale C, Vito P, Stilo R. Functional characterization of zebrafish (Danio rerio) Bcl10. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122365. [PMID: 25849213 PMCID: PMC4388727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexes formed by BCL10, MALT1 and specific members of the family of CARMA proteins (CBM complex), have recently focused much attention because they represent a central hub regulating activation of the transcription factor NF-κB following various cellular stimulations. In this manuscript, we report the functional characterization of a Danio rerio 241 amino acids polypeptide ortholog of the Caspase recruiting domain (CARD)-containing protein BCL10. Biochemical studies show that zebrafish Bcl10 (zBcl10) dimerizes and binds to components of the CBM complex. Fluorescence microscopy observations demonstrate that zBcl10 forms cytoplasmic filaments similar to that formed by human BCL10 (hBCL10). Functionally, in human cells zBcl10 is more effective in activating NF-κB compared to hBCL10, possibly due to the lack of carboxy-terminal inhibitory serine residues present in the human protein. Also, depletion experiments carried out through expression of short hairpin RNAs targeting hBCL10 indicate that zBcl10 can functionally replace the human protein. Finally, we show that the zebrafish cell line PAC2 is suitable to carry out reporter assays for monitoring the activation state of NF- kB transcription factor. In conclusion, this work shows that zebrafish may excellently serve as a model organism to study complex and intricate signal transduction pathways, such as those that control NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marina Paolucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port’ Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Ettore Varricchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port’ Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Tiziana Zotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port’ Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | - Carla Reale
- Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port’ Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Romania Stilo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port’ Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
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Mazzone P, Scudiero I, Coccia E, Ferravante A, Paolucci M, D'Andrea EL, Varricchio E, Pizzulo M, Reale C, Zotti T, Vito P, Stilo R. Functional characterization of a BCL10 isoform in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:175-81. [PMID: 25834783 PMCID: PMC4372615 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexes formed by BCL10, MALT1 and CARMA proteins are key regulators of NF-κB activation. We report the functional characterization of tBCL10, a BCL10 isoform from the trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. tBCL10 can functionally replace the human protein. The rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss can serve as a model organism to study this pathway.
The complexes formed by BCL10, MALT1 and members of the family of CARMA proteins have recently been the focus of much attention because they represent a key mechanism for regulating activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Here, we report the functional characterization of a novel isoform of BCL10 in the trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, which we named tBCL10. tBCL10 dimerizes, binds to components of the CBM complex and forms cytoplasmic filaments. Functionally, tBCL10 activates NF-κB transcription factor and is inhibited by the deubiquitinating enzyme A20. Finally, depletion experiments indicate that tBCL10 can functionally replace the human protein. This work demonstrates the evolutionary conservation of the mechanism of NF-κB activation through the CBM complex, and indicates that the rainbow trout O.mykiss can serve as a model organism to study this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Coccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port' Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Marina Paolucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port' Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Ettore Varricchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port' Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Carla Reale
- Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
| | - Tiziana Zotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port' Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy ; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port' Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | - Romania Stilo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port' Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
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Crocetti J, Silva O, Humphries LA, Tibbs MD, Miceli MC. Selective phosphorylation of the Dlg1AB variant is critical for TCR-induced p38 activation and induction of proinflammatory cytokines in CD8+ T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2651-60. [PMID: 25098293 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells respond to TCR stimulation by producing proinflammatory cytokines, and destroying infected or malignant cells through the production and release of cytotoxic granules. Scaffold protein Discs large homolog 1 (Dlg1) specifies TCR-dependent functions by channeling proximal signals toward the activation of p38-dependent proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and/or p38-independent cytotoxic granule release. Two Dlg1 variants are expressed in CD8(+) T cells via alternative splicing, Dlg1AB and Dlg1B, which have differing abilities coordinate TCR-dependent functions. Although both variants facilitate p38-independent cytotoxicity, only Dlg1AB coordinates p38-dependent proinflammatory cytokine expression. In this study, we identify TCR-induced Dlg1 tyrosine phosphorylation as a key regulatory step required for Dlg1AB-mediated p38-dependent functions, including proinflammatory cytokine expression. We find that Dlg1AB but not Dlg1B is tyrosine phosphorylated by proximal tyrosine kinase Lck in response to TCR stimulation. Furthermore, we identify Dlg1 tyrosine 222 (Y222) as a major site of Dlg1 phosphorylation required for TCR-triggered p38 activation and NFAT-dependent expression of proinflammatory cytokines, but not for p38-independent cytotoxicity. Taken together, our data support a model where TCR-induced phosphorylation of Dlg1 Y222 is a key point of control that endows Dlg1AB with the ability to coordinate p38 activation and proinflammatory cytokine production. We propose blocking Dlg1AB phosphorylation as a novel therapeutic target to specifically block proinflammatory cytokine production but not cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Crocetti
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Oscar Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Lisa A Humphries
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320; and
| | - Michelle D Tibbs
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - M Carrie Miceli
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
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Scudiero I, Vito P, Stilo R. The three CARMA sisters: so different, so similar: a portrait of the three CARMA proteins and their involvement in human disorders. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:990-7. [PMID: 24375035 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Initially identified by their ability to modulate the functional activity of BCL10, the three CARMA proteins, CARMA1, -2, and -3, have recently themselves taken a leading role on the stage of molecular medicine. Although considered for some time as simple ancillary proteins, increasingly accumulating recent data evidently indicate a role of primary importance for these three proteins in the pathophysiology of several human tumors and inflammatory disorders. In fact, recent scientific literature clearly establishes that CARMA1 is one of the most mutated genes in a subtype of B-cell lymphoma and, at the same time, responsible for some rare human immunodeficiency conditions. On the other hand, mutations in CARMA2 are responsible for the hereditary transmission of some inflammatory disorders of the skin, including familial psoriasis and ptiriasis; whereas expression of CARMA3 appears to be deregulated in different human tumors. Here we describe and summarize the mutations found in the genes coding for the three CARMA proteins in these different human pathological conditions, and offer an interpretation of the molecular mechanisms from which arise the biological outcomes in which these proteins are involved.
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Phosphorylation of Carma1, but not Bcl10, by Akt regulates TCR/CD28-mediated NF-κB induction and cytokine production. Mol Immunol 2014; 59:110-6. [PMID: 24548923 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies from our group and others have shown that the Akt kinase can contribute to induction of NF-κB by antigen receptor signaling. However, the direct targets of Akt in this pathway are not known. Here we show that Akt-mediated NF-κB activation is mediated at least in part through direct phosphorylation of the adaptor protein Carma1, which we previously demonstrated could interact with Akt in a TCR ligation-dependent manner. The putative Akt phosphorylation sites in Carma1 are distinct from known PKC consensus sites. Mutation of S551, S637 and S645 in Carma1 to non-phosphorylatable residues decreased phosphorylation of GST-Carma1-linker construct by Akt in vitro. In addition, Carma1 S637A/S645A mutants were significantly impaired in their ability to restore TCR-mediated NF-κB activation and IL-2 expression in Carma1-deficient T cells. Thus, our data reveal Carma1 as a novel target for Akt phosphorylation and suggest that Akt-mediated phosphorylation of Carma1 is an additional regulatory mechanism tuning the NF-κB response downstream of antigen receptor and co-stimulatory signaling.
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Abstract
Caspase recruitment domain-containing membrane-associated guanylate kinase protein-1 (CARMA1), a member of the membrane associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family of kinases, is essential for T lymphocyte activation and proliferation via T-cell receptor (TCR) mediated NF-κB activation. Recent studies suggest a broader role for CARMA1 regulating other T-cell functions as well as a role in non-TCR-mediated signaling pathways important for lymphocyte development and functions. In addition, CARMA1 has been shown to be an important component in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Thus, comprehensively defining its mechanisms of action and regulation could reveal novel therapeutic targets for T-cell-mediated diseases and lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marly I Roche
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Paul S, Schaefer BC. A new look at T cell receptor signaling to nuclear factor-κB. Trends Immunol 2013; 34:269-81. [PMID: 23474202 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antigen stimulation of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling to nuclear factor (NF)-κB is required for T cell proliferation and differentiation of effector cells. The TCR-to-NF-κB pathway is generally viewed as a linear sequence of events in which TCR engagement triggers a cytoplasmic cascade of protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications, ultimately culminating in the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. However, recent findings suggest a more complex picture in which distinct signalosomes, previously unrecognized proteins, and newly identified regulatory mechanisms play key roles in signal transmission. In this review, we evaluate recent data and suggest areas of future emphasis in the study of this important pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Paul
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Abstract
Germinal center kinases (GCKs) participate in a variety of signaling pathways needed to regulate cellular functions including apoptosis, cell proliferation, polarity and migration. Recent studies have shown that GCKs are participants in both adaptive and innate immune regulation. However, the differential activation and regulatory mechanisms of GCKs, as well as upstream and downstream signaling molecules, remain to be fully defined. It remains unresolved whether and how GCKs may cross-talk with existing signaling pathways. This review stresses the progresses in research of GCKs relevant to the immune system.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic islet transplantation has the potential to cure type 1 diabetes, a chronic lifelong disease, but its clinical applicability is limited by allograft rejection. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor important for survival and differentiation of T cells. In this study, we tested whether NF-κB in T cells is required for the rejection of islet allografts. METHODS Mice expressing a superrepressor form of NF-κB selectively in T cells (IκBαΔN-Tg mice) with or without the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-xL, or mice with impaired T-cell receptor (TCR)- and B cell receptor-driven NF-κB activity (CARMA1-KO mice) were rendered diabetic and transplanted with islet allografts. Secondary skin transplantation in long-term acceptors of islet allografts was used to test for the development of donor-specific tolerance. Immune infiltration of the transplanted islets was examined by immunofluorescence. TCR-transgenic CD4 T cells were used to follow T-cell priming and differentiation. RESULTS Islet allograft survival was prolonged in IκBαΔN-Tg mice, although the animals did not develop donor-specific tolerance. Reduced NF-κB activity did not prevent T-cell priming or differentiation but reduced survival of activated T cells, as transgenic expression of Bcl-xL restored islet allograft rejection in IκBαΔN-Tg mice. Abolishing TCR- and B cell receptor-driven activation of NF-κB selectively by CARMA1 deficiency prevented T-cell priming and islet allograft rejection. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that T cell-NF-κB plays an important role in the rejection of islet allografts. Targeting NF-κB selectively in lymphocytes seems a promising approach to facilitate acceptance of transplanted islets.
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Abstract
Scaffold proteins play pivotal roles in the regulation of signal transduction pathways by connecting upstream receptors to downstream effector molecules. During the last decade, many scaffold proteins that contain caspase-recruitment domains (CARD) have been identified. Investigating the roles of CARD proteins has revealed that many of them play crucial roles in signaling cascades leading to activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In this review, we discuss the contributions of CARD proteins to NF-κB activation in various signaling cascades. In particular, we share some of our personal experiences during the initial investigation of the functions of the CARMA family of CARD proteins and then summarize the roles of these proteins in signaling pathways induced by antigen receptors, G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinase, and C-type lectin receptors in the context of recent progress in these field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas, M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Liu Y, Song R, Gao Y, Li Y, Wang S, Liu HY, Wang Y, Hu YH, Shu HB. Protein kinase C-δ negatively regulates T cell receptor-induced NF-κB activation by inhibiting the assembly of CARMA1 signalosome. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:20081-7. [PMID: 22528498 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.335463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR)-induced T-cell activation is a critical event in adaptive immune responses. The engagement of TCR complex by antigen along with the activation of the costimulatory receptors trigger a cascade of intracellular signaling, in which caspase recruitment domain-containing membrane-associated guanylate kinase 1 (CARMA1) is a crucial scaffold protein. Upon stimulation, CARMA1 recruits downstream molecules including B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (Bcl10), mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation gene 1 (MALT1), and TRAF6 to assemble a specific TCR-induced signalosome that triggers NF-κB and JNK activation. In this report, we identified protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) as a CARMA1-associated protein by a biochemical affinity purification approach. PKCδ interacted with CARMA1 in TCR stimulation-dependent manner in Jurkat T cells. Overexpression of PKCδ inhibited CARMA1-mediated NF-κB activation, whereas knockdown of PKCδ potentiated TCR-triggered NF-κB activation and IL-2 secretion in Jurkat T cells. Reconstitution experiments with PKCδ kinase-dead mutant indicated that the kinase activity of PKCδ was dispensable for its ability to inhibit TCR-triggered NF-κB activation. Furthermore, we found that PKCδ inhibited the interaction between MALT1 and TRAF6, but not the association of CARMA1 with PKCθ, Bcl10, or MALT1. These observations suggest that PKCδ is a negative regulator in T cell activation through inhibiting the assembly of CARMA1 signalosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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42
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Wang X, Li JP, Kuo HK, Chiu LL, Dement GA, Lan JL, Chen DY, Yang CY, Hu H, Tan TH. Down-regulation of B cell receptor signaling by hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1)-mediated phosphorylation and ubiquitination of activated B cell linker protein (BLNK). J Biol Chem 2012; 287:11037-48. [PMID: 22334673 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.310946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) is a Ste20-like serine/threonine kinase that suppresses immune responses and autoimmunity. B cell receptor (BCR) signaling activates HPK1 by inducing BLNK/HPK1 interaction. Whether HPK1 can reciprocally regulate BLNK during BCR signaling is unknown. Here, we show that HPK1-deficient B cells display hyper-proliferation and hyper-activation of IκB kinase and MAPKs (ERK, p38, and JNK) upon the ligation of BCR. HPK1 attenuates BCR-induced cell activation via inducing BLNK threonine 152 phosphorylation, which mediates BLNK/14-3-3 binding. Furthermore, threonine 152-phosphorylated BLNK is ubiquitinated at lysine residues 37, 38, and 42, leading to attenuation of MAPK and IκB kinase activation in B cells during BCR signaling. These results reveal a novel negative feedback regulation of BCR signaling by HPK1-mediated phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and subsequent degradation of the activated BLNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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43
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Zhang Q, Long H, Liao J, Zhao M, Liang G, Wu X, Zhang P, Ding S, Luo S, Lu Q. Inhibited expression of hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 associated with loss of jumonji domain containing 3 promoter binding contributes to autoimmunity in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2011; 37:180-9. [PMID: 22014533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by T cell overactivation and B cell hyper-stimulation. Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1, also called MAP4K1) negatively regulates T cell-mediated immune responses. However, the role of HPK1 and the mechanisms that regulate HPK1 expression in SLE remain poorly understood. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) microarray data, we identified markedly increased histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) enrichment at the HPK1 promoter of SLE CD4+ T cells relative to controls, and confirmed this observation using ChIP and real-time PCR experiments. We further found that HPK1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased in CD4+ T cells of patients with SLE, and that this decrease was not caused by exposure to standard SLE medications. Down-regulating HPK1 in healthy CD4+ T cells significantly accelerated T cell proliferation and production of IFNγ and IgG. Consistent with these findings, overexpressing HPK1 in SLE CD4+ T cells caused a significant decrease in T cell reactivity. In addition, we observed a striking decrease in jumonji domain containing 3 (JMJD3) binding, but no marked change in enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) binding, at the HPK1 promoter region in SLE CD4+ T cells compared to healthy controls. SiRNA knock down of JMJD3 in healthy CD4+ T cells led to decreased JMJD3 binding and increased H3K27me3 enrichment at the HPK1 promoter region, thus inhibiting the expression of HPK1. Concordantly, plasmid-induced overexpression of JMJD3 in SLE CD4+ T cells led to increased JMJD3 binding, decreased H3K27me3 enrichment, and up-regulated HPK1 expression. Our results show for the first time that inhibited HPK1 expression in SLE CD4+ T cells is associated with loss of JMJD3 binding and increased H3K27me3 enrichment at the HPK1 promoter, contributing to T cell overactivation and B cell overstimulation in SLE. These findings suggest that HPK1 may serve as a novel target for effective SLE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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44
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Gareau MG, Ho NK, Brenner D, Sousa AJ, LeBourhis L, Mak TW, Girardin SE, Philpott DJ, Sherman PM. Enterohaemorrhagic, but not enteropathogenic, Escherichia coli infection of epithelial cells disrupts signalling responses to tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Microbiology (Reading) 2011; 157:2963-2973. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.051094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), serotype O157 : H7 is a non-invasive, pathogenic bacterium that employs a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject effector proteins into infected cells. In this study, we demonstrate that EHEC blocks tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)-induced NF-κB signalling in infected epithelial cells. HEK293T and INT407 epithelial cells were challenged with EHEC prior to stimulation with TNFα. Using complementary techniques, stimulation with TNFα caused activation of NF-κB, as determined by luciferase reporter assay (increase in gene expression), Western blotting (phosphorylation of IκBα), immunofluorescence (p65 nuclear translocation) and immunoassay (CXCL-8 secretion), and each was blocked by EHEC O157 : H7 infection. In contrast, subversion of host cell signalling was not observed following exposure to either enteropathogenic E. coli, strain E2348/69 (O127 : H6) or the laboratory E. coli strain HB101. Heat-killed EHEC had no effect on NF-κB activation by TNFα. Inhibition was mediated, at least in part, by Shiga toxins and by the O157 plasmid, but not by the T3SS or flagellin, as demonstrated by using isogenic mutant strains. These findings indicate the potential for developing novel therapeutic targets to interrupt the infectious process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie G. Gareau
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Nathan K. Ho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Sousa
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lionel LeBourhis
- Department of Immunology, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tak W. Mak
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Stephen E. Girardin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dana J. Philpott
- Department of Immunology, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Philip M. Sherman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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Burns JC, Corbo E, Degen J, Gohil M, Anterasian C, Schraven B, Koretzky GA, Kliche S, Jordan MS. The SLP-76 Src homology 2 domain is required for T cell development and activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:4459-66. [PMID: 21949020 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The adapter protein Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa (SLP-76) is critical for multiple aspects of T cell development and function. Through its protein-binding domains, SLP-76 serves as a platform for the assembly of multiple enzymes and adapter proteins that function together to activate second messengers required for TCR signal propagation. The N terminus of SLP-76, which contains three tyrosines that serve as docking sites for SH2 domain-containing proteins, and the central proline-rich region of SLP-76 have been well studied and are known to be important for both thymocyte selection and activation of peripheral T cells. Less is known about the function of the C-terminal SH2 domain of SLP-76. This region inducibly associates with ADAP and HPK1. Combining regulated deletion of endogenous SLP-76 with transgenic expression of a SLP-76 SH2 domain mutant, we demonstrate that the SLP-76 SH2 domain is required for peripheral T cell activation and positive selection of thymocytes, a function not previously attributed to this region. This domain is also important for T cell proliferation, IL-2 production, and phosphorylation of protein kinase D and IκB. ADAP-deficient T cells display similar, but in some cases less severe, defects despite phosphorylation of a negative regulatory site on SLP-76 by HPK1, a function that is lost in SLP-76 SH2 domain mutant T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Burns
- Department of Cancer Biology, Signal Transduction Program, Abramson Family Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Rosebeck S, Rehman AO, Lucas PC, McAllister-Lucas LM. From MALT lymphoma to the CBM signalosome: three decades of discovery. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:2485-96. [PMID: 21750409 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.15.16923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of molecular cytogenetics has led to the elucidation of genetic abnormalities that cause various congenital and oncological disorders. In B cell lymphoma, for example, a number of chromosomal translocations have been identified in and associated with the etiology of specific subtypes of lymphoma. Several recurrent chromosomal translocations have been identified in extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). Cloning and characterization of the products of three mutually exclusive translocation breakpoints found in MALT lymphoma led to the discovery of a novel NF-κB-activating complex comprising the CARMA, Bcl10, and MALT1 proteins. This "CBM signalosome" acts downstream of the antigen receptors in lymphocytes as well as a number of non-lymphoid cell-surface receptors involved in a variety of biological processes. CBM signalosome activity is important for normal cellular functions and is perturbed in neoplastic and inflammatory disorders, making it a viable target for novel therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Rosebeck
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Palkowitsch L, Marienfeld U, Brunner C, Eitelhuber A, Krappmann D, Marienfeld RB. The Ca2+-dependent phosphatase calcineurin controls the formation of the Carma1-Bcl10-Malt1 complex during T cell receptor-induced NF-kappaB activation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:7522-34. [PMID: 21199863 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.155895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) ligation induces increased diacylglycerol and Ca(2+) levels in T cells, and both secondary messengers are crucial for TCR-induced nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) and NF-κB signaling pathways. One prominent calcium-dependent enzyme involved in the regulation of NF-AT and NF-κB signaling pathways is the protein phosphatase calcineurin. However, in contrast to NF-AT, which is directly dephosphorylated by calcineurin, the molecular basis of the calcium-calcineurin dependence of the TCR-induced NF-κB activity remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that calcineurin regulates TCR-induced NF-κB activity by controlling the formation of a protein complex composed of Carma1, Bcl10, and Malt1 (CBM complex). For instance, increased calcium levels induced by ionomycin or thapsigargin augmented the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced formation of the CBM complex and activation of NF-κB, whereas removal of calcium by the calcium chelator EGTA-acetoxymethyl ester (AM) attenuated both processes. Furthermore, inhibition of the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin with the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A (CsA) or FK506 as well as siRNA-mediated knockdown of calcineurin A strongly affected the PMA + ionomycin- or anti-CD3 + CD28-induced CBM complex assembly. Mechanistically, the positive effect of calcineurin on the CBM complex formation seems to be linked to a dephosphorylation of Bcl10. For instance, Bcl10 was found to be hyperphosphorylated in Jurkat T cells upon treatment with CsA or EGTA-AM, and calcineurin dephosphorylated Bcl10 in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we show here that calcineurin A interacts with the CBM complex. In summary, the evidence provided here argues for a previously unanticipated role of calcineurin in CBM complex formation as a molecular basis of the inhibitory function of CsA or FK506 on TCR-induced NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysann Palkowitsch
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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48
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Blonska M, Lin X. NF-κB signaling pathways regulated by CARMA family of scaffold proteins. Cell Res 2010; 21:55-70. [PMID: 21187856 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2010.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB family of transcription factors plays a crucial role in cell activation, survival and proliferation. Its aberrant activity results in cancer, immunodeficiency or autoimmune disorders. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of the signals that regulate NF-κB activation, especially how scaffold proteins link different receptors to the NF-κB-activating complex, the IκB kinase complex. The growing number of these scaffolds underscores the complexity of the signaling networks in different cell types. In this review, we discuss the role of scaffold molecules in signaling cascades induced by stimulation of antigen receptors, G-protein-coupled receptors and C-type Lectin receptors, resulting in NF-κB activation. Especially, we focus on the family of Caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing proteins known as CARMA and their function in activation of NF-κB, as well as the link of these scaffolds to the development of various neoplastic diseases through regulation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzenna Blonska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 108, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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49
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Dephosphorylation of Carma1 by PP2A negatively regulates T-cell activation. EMBO J 2010; 30:594-605. [PMID: 21157432 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Carma1-Bcl10-Malt1 (CBM) complex bridges T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling to the canonical IκB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB pathway. NF-κB activation is triggered by PKCθ-dependent phosphorylation of Carma1 after TCR/CD28 co-stimulation. PKCθ-phosphorylated Carma1 was suggested to function as a molecular scaffold that recruits preassembled Bcl10-Malt1 complexes to the membrane. We have identified the serine-threonine protein phosphatase PP2A regulatory subunit Aα (PPP2R1A) as a novel interaction partner of Carma1. PPP2R1A is associated with Carma1 in resting as well as activated T cells in the context of the active CBM complex. By siRNA-mediated knockdown and in vitro dephosphorylation, we demonstrate that PP2A removes PKCθ-dependent phosphorylation of Ser645 in Carma1, and show that maintenance of this phosphorylation is correlated with increased T-cell activation. As a result of PP2A inactivation, we find that enhanced Carma1 S645 phosphorylation augments CBM complex formation, NF-κB activation and IL-2 or IFN-γ production after stimulation of Jurkat T cells or murine Th1 cells. Thus, our data define PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of Carma1 as a critical step to limit T-cell activation and effector cytokine production.
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50
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Thome M, Charton JE, Pelzer C, Hailfinger S. Antigen receptor signaling to NF-kappaB via CARMA1, BCL10, and MALT1. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2010; 2:a003004. [PMID: 20685844 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a003004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The signaling pathway controlling antigen receptor-induced regulation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB plays a key role in lymphocyte activation and development and the generation of lymphomas. Work of the past decade has led to dramatic progress in the identification and characterization of new players in the pathway. Moreover, novel enzymatic activities relevant for this pathway have been discovered, which represent interesting drug targets for immuno-suppression or lymphoma treatment. Here, we summarize these findings and give an outlook on interesting open issues that need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Thome
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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