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Huang Z, Lin J, Jiang H, Lin W, Huang Z, Chen J, Xiao W, Lin Q, Wang J, Wen S, Zhu Q, Liu J. Metformin promotes Schwann cell remyelination, preserves neural tissue and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Neuropeptides 2023; 100:102348. [PMID: 37236132 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Patients with a spinal cord injury (SCI) usually suffer lifelong disability as a result. Considering this, SCI treatment and pathology study are urgently needed. Metformin, a widely used hypoglycemic drug, has been indicated for its important role in central nervous system diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of metformin on remyelination after SCI. In the present study, we established a cervical contusion SCI model and metformin treatment was applied after SCI. Biomechanical parameters and behavioral assessment were used to evaluate the severity of injury and the improvement of functional recovery after SCI, respectively. The immunofluorescence and western blot were performed at the terminal time point. Our results showed that treating with metformin after SCI improved functional recovery by reducing the white matter loss and promoting Schwann cell remyelination, and the Nrg1/ErbB signaling pathway may be involved in promoting remyelination mediated by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. In addition, the area of spared tissues was significantly increased in the metformin group. However, metformin had no significant effects on the glial scar and inflammation after SCI. In summary, these findings indicated that the role of metformin in Schwann cell remyelination after SCI was probably related to the regulation of the Nrg1/ErbB pathway. It is, therefore, possible to suggest that metformin may be a potential therapy for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zucheng Huang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 51000, China
| | - Junyu Lin
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 51000, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 51000, China
| | - Wanrong Lin
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 51000, China
| | - Zhiping Huang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 51000, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 51000, China
| | - Wende Xiao
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 51000, China
| | - Qiong Lin
- School of Anesthesiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 51000, China
| | - Shifeng Wen
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 51000, China.
| | - Qingan Zhu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 51000, China.
| | - Junhao Liu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 51000, China.
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Wu Y, Zhong Y, Liao X, Miao X, Yu J, Lai X, Zhang Y, Ma C, Pan H, Wang S. Transmembrane protein 108 inhibits the proliferation and myelination of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in the corpus callosum. Mol Brain 2022; 15:33. [PMID: 35410424 PMCID: PMC8996597 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal white matter is a common neurobiological change in bipolar disorder, and dysregulation of myelination in oligodendrocytes (OLs) is the cause. Transmembrane protein 108 (Tmem108), as a susceptible gene of bipolar disorder, is expressed higher in OL lineage cells than any other lineage cells in the central nervous system. Moreover, Tmem108 mutant mice exhibit mania-like behaviors, belonging to one of the signs of bipolar disorder. However, it is unknown whether Tmem108 regulates the myelination of the OLs. Results Tmem108 expression in the corpus callosum decreased with the development, and OL progenitor cell proliferation and OL myelination were enhanced in the mutant mice. Moreover, the mutant mice exhibited mania-like behavior after acute restraint stress and were susceptible to drug-induced epilepsy. Conclusions Tmem108 inhibited OL progenitor cell proliferation and mitigated OL maturation in the corpus callosum, which may also provide a new role of Tmem108 involving bipolar disorder pathogenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13041-022-00918-7.
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Neuroadaptations and TGF-β signaling: emerging role in models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:296-306. [PMID: 34131268 PMCID: PMC8671568 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric diseases are manifested by maladaptive behavioral plasticity. Despite the greater understanding of the neuroplasticity underlying behavioral adaptations, pinpointing precise cellular mediators has remained elusive. This has stymied the development of pharmacological interventions to combat these disorders both at the level of progression and relapse. With increased knowledge on the putative role of the transforming growth factor (TGF- β) family of proteins in mediating diverse neuroadaptations, the influence of TGF-β signaling in regulating maladaptive cellular and behavioral plasticity underlying neuropsychiatric disorders is being increasingly elucidated. The current review is focused on what is currently known about the TGF-β signaling in the central nervous system in mediating cellular and behavioral plasticity related to neuropsychiatric manifestations.
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Sustained ErbB Activation Causes Demyelination and Hypomyelination by Driving Necroptosis of Mature Oligodendrocytes and Apoptosis of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9872-9890. [PMID: 34725188 PMCID: PMC8638686 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2922-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are vulnerable to genetic and environmental insults and its injury leads to demyelinating diseases. The roles of ErbB receptors in maintaining the CNS myelin integrity are largely unknown. Here, we overactivate ErbB receptors that mediate signaling of either neuregulin (NRG) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) family growth factors and found their synergistic activation caused deleterious outcomes in white matter. Sustained ErbB activation induced by the tetracycline-dependent mouse tool Plp-tTA resulted in demyelination, axonal degeneration, oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) proliferation, astrogliosis, and microgliosis in white matter. Moreover, there was hypermyelination before these inflammatory pathologic events. In contrast, sustained ErbB activation induced by another tetracycline-dependent mouse tool Sox10+/rtTA caused hypomyelination in the corpus callosum and optic nerve, which appeared to be a developmental deficit and did not associate with OPC regeneration, astrogliosis, or microgliosis. By tracing the differentiation states of cells expressing tetracycline-controlled transcriptional activator (tTA)/reverse tTA (rtTA)-dependent transgene or pulse-labeled reporter proteins in vitro and in vivo, we found that Plp-tTA targeted mainly mature oligodendrocytes (MOs), whereas Sox10+/rtTA targeted OPCs and newly-formed oligodendrocytes (NFOs). The distinct phenotypes of mice with ErbB overactivation induced by Plp-tTA and Sox10+/rtTA consolidated their nonoverlapping targeting preferences in the oligodendrocyte lineage, and enabled us to demonstrate that ErbB overactivation in MOs induced necroptosis that caused inflammatory demyelination, whereas in OPCs induced apoptosis that caused noninflammatory hypomyelination. Early interference with aberrant ErbB activation ceased oligodendrocyte deaths and restored myelin development in both mice. This study suggests that aberrant ErbB activation is an upstream pathogenetic mechanism of demyelinating diseases, providing a potential therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Primary oligodendropathy is one of the etiologic mechanisms for multiple sclerosis, and oligodendrocyte necroptosis is a pathologic hallmark in the disease. Moreover, the demyelinating disease is now a broad concept that embraces schizophrenia, in which white matter lesions are an emerging feature. ErbB overactivation has been implicated in schizophrenia by genetic analysis and postmortem studies. This study suggests the etiologic implications of ErbB overactivation in myelin pathogenesis and elucidates the pathogenetic mechanisms.
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Helle E, Ampuja M, Dainis A, Antola L, Temmes E, Tolvanen E, Mervaala E, Kivelä R. HiPS-Endothelial Cells Acquire Cardiac Endothelial Phenotype in Co-culture With hiPS-Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715093. [PMID: 34422835 PMCID: PMC8378235 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions are crucial for organ development and function. In the heart, endothelial cells engage in bidirectional communication with cardiomyocytes regulating cardiac development and growth. We aimed to elucidate the organotypic development of cardiac endothelial cells and cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell crosstalk using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed with hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) and endothelial cells (hiPS-ECs) in mono- and co-culture. The presence of hiPS-CMs led to increased expression of transcripts related to vascular development and maturation, cardiac development, as well as cardiac endothelial cell and endocardium-specific genes in hiPS-ECs. Interestingly, co-culture induced the expression of cardiomyocyte myofibrillar genes and MYL7 and MYL4 protein expression was detected in hiPS-ECs. Major regulators of BMP- and Notch-signaling pathways were induced in both cell types in co-culture. These results reflect the findings from animal studies and extend them to human endothelial cells, demonstrating the importance of EC-CM interactions during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Helle
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Ampuja
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandra Dainis
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Laura Antola
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Temmes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Samaria Health Centre, Espoo, Finland
| | - Erik Tolvanen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Mervaala
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Jang H, Stevens P, Gao T, Galperin E. The leucine-rich repeat signaling scaffolds Shoc2 and Erbin: cellular mechanism and role in disease. FEBS J 2021; 288:721-739. [PMID: 32558243 PMCID: PMC7958993 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (LRR proteins) are involved in supporting a large number of cellular functions. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in understanding functions of the LRR proteins as signaling scaffolds. In particular, we explore what we have learned about the mechanisms of action of the LRR scaffolds Shoc2 and Erbin and their roles in normal development and disease. We discuss Shoc2 and Erbin in the context of their multiple known interacting partners in various cellular processes and summarize often unexpected functions of these proteins through analysis of their roles in human pathologies. We also review these LRR scaffold proteins as promising therapeutic targets and biomarkers with potential application across various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyeIn Jang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Payton Stevens
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Tianyan Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Emilia Galperin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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7
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Luo ZY, Huang L, Lin S, Yin YN, Jie W, Hu NY, Hu YY, Guan YF, Liu JH, You QL, Chen YH, Luo ZC, Zhang SR, Li XW, Yang JM, Tao YM, Mei L, Gao TM. Erbin in Amygdala Parvalbumin-Positive Neurons Modulates Anxiety-like Behaviors. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:926-936. [PMID: 31889536 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric diseases, affecting 28% of people worldwide within their lifetime. The excitation-inhibition imbalance in the amygdala is thought to be an underlying pathological mechanism; however, the cellular and molecular control of amygdala excitation-inhibition balance is largely unknown. METHODS By using mice expressing chemogenetic activator or inhibitor channel in amygdala parvalbumin (PV) neurons, Erbin mutant mice, and mice with Erbin specifically knocked down in amygdala PV neurons, we systematically investigated the role of amygdala PV neurons and Erbin expressed therein in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders using the combined approaches of immunohistochemistry, electrophysiology, and behavior. RESULTS In naïve mice, chemogenetic inhibition of PV neurons produced anxiogenic effects, suggesting an essential role in the regulation of anxiety. In stressed mice with anxiety, excitatory postsynaptic responses on amygdala PV neurons were selectively diminished, accompanied by a decreased expression of Erbin specifically in amygdala PV neurons. Remarkably, both Erbin mutant mice and amygdala PV-specific Erbin knockdown mice exhibited impaired excitatory postsynaptic responses on amygdala PV neurons and increased anxiety-like behaviors. Furthermore, chemogenetic activation of amygdala PV neurons normalized anxiety behaviors in amygdala PV-specific Erbin knockdown mice and stressed mice. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results demonstrate that Erbin in PV neurons is critical for maintaining the excitation-inhibition balance in the amygdala and reveal a novel pathophysiological mechanism for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Neng-Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Fei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang-Long You
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou-Cai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Mei Tao
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tian-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Santoni MJ, Kashyap R, Camoin L, Borg JP. The Scribble family in cancer: twentieth anniversary. Oncogene 2020; 39:7019-7033. [PMID: 32999444 PMCID: PMC7527152 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the more than 160 PDZ containing proteins described in humans, the cytoplasmic scaffold Scribble stands out because of its essential role in many steps of cancer development and dissemination. Its fame has somehow blurred the importance of homologous proteins, Erbin and Lano, all belonging to the LRR and PDZ (LAP) protein family first described twenty years ago. In this review, we will retrace the history of LAP family protein research and draw attention to their contribution in cancer by detailing the features of its members at the structural and functional levels, and highlighting their shared-but also different-implication in the tumoral process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Josée Santoni
- grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue ‘Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling and Cancer’, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Rudra Kashyap
- grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue ‘Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling and Cancer’, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholisch University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Camoin
- grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue ‘Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling and Cancer’, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France ,grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France ,grid.440891.00000 0001 1931 4817Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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9
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Fledrich R, Kungl T, Nave KA, Stassart RM. Axo-glial interdependence in peripheral nerve development. Development 2019; 146:146/21/dev151704. [PMID: 31719044 DOI: 10.1242/dev.151704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During the development of the peripheral nervous system, axons and myelinating Schwann cells form a unique symbiotic unit, which is realized by a finely tuned network of molecular signals and reciprocal interactions. The importance of this complex interplay becomes evident after injury or in diseases in which aspects of axo-glial interaction are perturbed. This Review focuses on the specific interdependence of axons and Schwann cells in peripheral nerve development that enables axonal outgrowth, Schwann cell lineage progression, radial sorting and, finally, formation and maintenance of the myelin sheath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fledrich
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany .,Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Kungl
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ruth M Stassart
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany .,Department of Neuropathology, University Clinic Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Kizner V, Naujock M, Fischer S, Jäger S, Reich S, Schlotthauer I, Zuckschwerdt K, Geiger T, Hildebrandt T, Lawless N, Macartney T, Dorner-Ciossek C, Gillardon F. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Knockout of the Neuropsychiatric Risk Gene KCTD13 Causes Developmental Deficits in Human Cortical Neurons Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:616-634. [PMID: 31402430 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human KCTD13 gene is located within the 16p11.2 locus and copy number variants of this locus are associated with a high risk for neuropsychiatric diseases including autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Studies in zebrafish point to a role of KCTD13 in proliferation of neural precursor cells which may contribute to macrocephaly in 16p11.2 deletion carriers. KCTD13 is highly expressed in the fetal human brain and in mouse cortical neurons, but its contribution to the development and function of mammalian neurons is not completely understood. In the present study, we deleted the KCTD13 gene in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using CRISPR/Cas9 nickase. Following neural differentiation of KCTD13 deficient and isogenic control iPSC lines, we detected a moderate but significant inhibition of DNA synthesis and proliferation in KCTD13 deficient human neural precursor cells. KCTD13 deficient cortical neurons derived from iPSCs showed decreased neurite formation and reduced spontaneous network activity. RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis pointed to a role for ERBB signaling in these phenotypic changes. Consistently, activating and inhibiting ERBB kinases rescued and aggravated, respectively, impaired neurite formation. In contrast to findings in non-neuronal human HeLa cells, we did not detect an accumulation of the putative KCTD13/Cullin-3 substrate RhoA, and treatment with inhibitors of RhoA signaling did not rescue decreased neurite formation in human KCTD13 knockout neurons. Taken together, our data provide insight into the role of KCTD13 in neurodevelopmental disorders, and point to ERBB signaling as a potential target for neuropsychiatric disorders associated with KCTD13 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Kizner
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Maximilian Naujock
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Sandra Fischer
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Stefan Jäger
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Selina Reich
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Ines Schlotthauer
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Kai Zuckschwerdt
- Target Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Tobias Geiger
- Cardio-metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Tobias Hildebrandt
- Target Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Nathan Lawless
- Target Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Thomas Macartney
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Cornelia Dorner-Ciossek
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Frank Gillardon
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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11
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Kataria H, Alizadeh A, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Neuregulin-1/ErbB network: An emerging modulator of nervous system injury and repair. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 180:101643. [PMID: 31229498 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (Nrg-1) is a member of the Neuregulin family of growth factors with essential roles in the developing and adult nervous system. Six different types of Nrg-1 (Nrg-1 type I-VI) and over 30 isoforms have been discovered; however, their specific roles are not fully determined. Nrg-1 signals through a complex network of protein-tyrosine kinase receptors, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4 and multiple intracellular pathways. Genetic and pharmacological studies of Nrg-1 and ErbB receptors have identified a critical role for Nrg-1/ErbB network in neurodevelopment including neuronal migration, neural differentiation, myelination as well as formation of synapses and neuromuscular junctions. Nrg-1 signaling is best known for its characterized role in development and repair of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) due to its essential role in Schwann cell development, survival and myelination. However, our knowledge of the impact of Nrg-1/ErbB on the central nervous system (CNS) has emerged in recent years. Ongoing efforts have uncovered a multi-faceted role for Nrg-1 in regulating CNS injury and repair processes. In this review, we provide a timely overview of the most recent updates on Nrg-1 signaling and its role in nervous system injury and diseases. We will specifically highlight the emerging role of Nrg-1 in modulating the glial and immune responses and its capacity to foster neuroprotection and remyelination in CNS injury. Nrg-1/ErbB network is a key regulatory pathway in the developing nervous system; therefore, unraveling its role in neuropathology and repair can aid in development of new therapeutic approaches for nervous system injuries and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Kataria
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Arsalan Alizadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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12
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Joshi M, Krishnakumar A. Hypoglycemia causes dysregulation of Neuregulin 1, ErbB receptors, Ki67 in cerebellum and brainstem during diabetes: Implications in motor function. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112029. [PMID: 31195035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglycemia induced brain injury poses a major setback to optimal blood glucose regulation during diabetes. It causes irreversible injury in several brain regions culminating in improper function. Neuregulin 1 and ErbB receptors are involved in regeneration during adulthood as well as in glucose homeostasis. We intended to understand the influence of extreme discrepancies in glycemic levels on Neuregulin 1, ErbB receptor subtypes and Ki67 expression in relation to motor deficits as a consequence of cellular dysfunction/degeneration in the cerebellum and brainstem during diabetes. Elevated oxidative stress and compromised antioxidant system havocs cerebellum and brainstem related function. Cellular alteration of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum and presence of axonal spheroids in the brainstem are suggestive of impairment to neural circuits involved in motor function. Down regulation of Neuregulin 1, ErbB 2, ErbB 3, ErbB 4 and Ki67 expression observed during diabetes and hypoglycemia may critically cause regenerative deficiency in cerebellum. The coincident up regulation of Neuregulin 1, ErbB 2, ErbB 3 and ErbB 4 in brainstem during diabetes is an attempt to maintain regenerative homeostasis to ensure its function. However, hypoglycemic insults results in down regulation of Neuregulin 1, ErbB 4 expression that severely compromises their role in brainstem. Grid walking test confirmed motor impairment during diabetes that showed further deterioration due to hypoglycemic stress. Thus altered expression of Neuregulin 1, ErbB receptor subtypes and Ki67 during diabetes and hypoglycemia contributes to reduced cellular proliferation and deficits in motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Joshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej- Gandhinagar Highway Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India.
| | - Amee Krishnakumar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej- Gandhinagar Highway Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India.
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13
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Terada N, Saitoh Y, Kamijo A, Yamauchi J, Ohno N, Sakamoto T. Structures and Molecular Composition of Schmidt-Lanterman Incisures. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1190:181-198. [PMID: 31760645 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9636-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Schmidt-Lanterman incisure (SLI) is a circular-truncated cone shape in the myelin internode that is a specific feature of myelinated nerve fibers formed in Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The SLI circular-truncated cones elongate like spring at the narrow sites of beaded appearance nerve fibers under the stretched condition. In this chapter, we demonstrate various molecular complexes in SLI, and especially focus on membrane skeleton, protein 4.1G-membrane protein palmitoylated 6 (MPP6)-cell adhesion molecule 4 (CADM4). 4.1G was essential for the molecular targeting of MPP6 and CADM4 in SLI. Motor activity and myelin ultrastructures were abnormal in 4.1G-deficient mice, indicating the 4.1G function as a signal for proper formation of myelin in PNS. Thus, SLI probably has potential roles in the regulation of adhesion and signal transduction as well as in structural stability in Schwann cell myelin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Terada
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto City, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Yurika Saitoh
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto City, Nagano, Japan
- Center for Medical Education, Teikyo University of Science, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Kamijo
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto City, Nagano, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Takeharu Sakamoto
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Naughton SX, Hernandez CM, Beck WD, Poddar I, Yanasak N, Lin PC, Terry AV. Repeated exposures to diisopropylfluorophosphate result in structural disruptions of myelinated axons and persistent impairments of axonal transport in the brains of rats. Toxicology 2018; 406-407:92-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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15
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Stevens PD, Wen YA, Xiong X, Zaytseva YY, Li AT, Wang C, Stevens AT, Farmer TN, Gan T, Weiss HL, Inagaki M, Marchetto S, Borg JP, Gao T. Erbin Suppresses KSR1-Mediated RAS/RAF Signaling and Tumorigenesis in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4839-4852. [PMID: 29980571 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Erbin belongs to the LAP (leucine-rich repeat and PDZ domain) family of scaffolding proteins that plays important roles in orchestrating cell signaling. Here, we show that Erbin functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. Analysis of Erbin expression in colorectal cancer patient specimens revealed that Erbin was downregulated at both mRNA and protein levels in tumor tissues. Knockdown of Erbin disrupted epithelial cell polarity and increased cell proliferation in 3D culture. In addition, silencing Erbin resulted in increased amplitude and duration of signaling through Akt and RAS/RAF pathways. Erbin loss induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which coincided with a significant increase in cell migration and invasion. Erbin interacted with kinase suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR1) and displaced it from the RAF/MEK/ERK complex to prevent signal propagation. Furthermore, genetic deletion of Erbin in Apc knockout mice promoted tumorigenesis and significantly reduced survival. Tumor organoids derived from Erbin/Apc double knockout mice displayed increased tumor initiation potential and activation of Wnt signaling. Results from gene set enrichment analysis revealed that Erbin expression associated positively with the E-cadherin adherens junction pathway and negatively with Wnt signaling in human colorectal cancer. Taken together, our study identifies Erbin as a negative regulator of tumor initiation and progression by suppressing Akt and RAS/RAF signaling in vivoSignificance: These findings establish the scaffold protein Erbin as a negative regulator of EMT and tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer through direct suppression of Akt and RAS/RAF signaling. Cancer Res; 78(17); 4839-52. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payton D Stevens
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Yang-An Wen
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Xiaopeng Xiong
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Yekaterina Y Zaytseva
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Austin T Li
- Paul Laurence Dunbar High School, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Ashley T Stevens
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Trevor N Farmer
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Tong Gan
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Heidi L Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Sylvie Marchetto
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signalling, and Cancer', Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Inserm U1068, Marseille, France.,CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signalling, and Cancer', Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Inserm U1068, Marseille, France.,CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, France
| | - Tianyan Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. .,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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16
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Chung J, Wang X, Maruyama T, Ma Y, Zhang X, Mez J, Sherva R, Takeyama H, Lunetta KL, Farrer LA, Jun GR. Genome-wide association study of Alzheimer's disease endophenotypes at prediagnosis stages. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:623-633. [PMID: 29274321 PMCID: PMC5938137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic associations for endophenotypes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in cognitive stages preceding AD have not been thoroughly evaluated. METHODS We conducted genome-wide association studies for AD-related endophenotypes including hippocampal volume, logical memory scores, and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 and total/phosphorylated tau in cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment, and AD dementia subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. RESULTS In CN subjects, study-wide significant (P < 8.3 × 10-9) loci were identified for total tau near SRRM4 and C14orf79 and for hippocampal volume near MTUS1. In mild cognitive impairment subjects, study-wide significant association was found with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near ZNF804B for logical memory test of delayed recall scores. We found consistent expression patterns of C14orf40 and MTUS1 in carriers with risk alleles of expression SNPs and in brains of AD patients, compared with in the noncarriers and in brains of controls. DISCUSSION Our findings for AD-related brain changes before AD provide insight about early AD-related biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoon Chung
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xulong Wang
- Neurogenetics and Integrated Genomics, Andover Innovative Medicines (AiM) Institute, Eisai Inc, Andover, MA, USA
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Life Science & Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Computational Bio-Big Data Open Innovation Lab, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yiyi Ma
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Department of Life Science & Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Computational Bio-Big Data Open Innovation Lab, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gyungah R Jun
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Neurogenetics and Integrated Genomics, Andover Innovative Medicines (AiM) Institute, Eisai Inc, Andover, MA, USA.
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17
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Shen T, Li S, Cai LD, Liu JL, Wang CY, Gan WJ, Li XM, Wang JR, Sun LN, Deng M, Liu YH, Li JM. Erbin exerts a protective effect against inflammatory bowel disease by suppressing autophagic cell death. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12035-12049. [PMID: 29552291 PMCID: PMC5844727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis and key functional molecules involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) remain unclear. Here, we reported that Erbin, a protein required for the polarity of epithelial cells, is conserved across species and highly expressed in the intestinal mucosa in mice and zebrafish. Pathologically, Erbin expression in the intestinal mucosa was significantly decreased in DSS induced acute colitis mice, IL-10 deficient mice and clinical biopsy specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis. Moreover, Erbin deficient mice are more susceptible to experimental colitis, exhibiting more severe intestinal barrier disruption, with increased histological scores and excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, Erbin deficiency or knockdown significantly exacerbated activation of autophagic program and autophagic cell death in vivo and in vitro. And, inhibition of autophagy by Chloroquine attenuates excessive inflammatory response in the DSS-induced colitis mouse model of Erbin deletion. Generally, our study uncovers a crucial role of Erbin in autophagic cell death and IBD, giving rise to a new strategy for IBD therapy by inhibiting excessive activation of autophagy and autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shen
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Li
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Dong Cai
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Lin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu-Yi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Juan Gan
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ru Wang
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Sun
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Baoan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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18
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Chen J, He W, Hu X, Shen Y, Cao J, Wei Z, Luan Y, He L, Jiang F, Tao Y. A role for ErbB signaling in the induction of reactive astrogliosis. Cell Discov 2017; 3:17044. [PMID: 29238610 PMCID: PMC5717352 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2017.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis is a hallmark of many neurological disorders, yet its functions and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Particularly, the upstream signaling that regulates pathological responses of astrocytes is largely undetermined. We used a mouse traumatic brain injury model to induce astrogliosis and revealed activation of ErbB receptors in reactive astrocytes. Moreover, cell-autonomous inhibition of ErbB receptor activity in reactive astrocytes by a genetic approach suppressed hypertrophic remodeling possibly through the regulation of actin dynamics. However, inhibiting ErbB signaling in reactive astrocytes did not affect astrocyte proliferation after brain injury, although it aggravated local inflammation. In contrast, active ErbB signaling in mature astrocytes of various brain regions in mice was sufficient to initiate reactive responses, reproducing characterized molecular and cellular features of astrogliosis observed in injured or diseased brains. Further, prevalent astrogliosis in the brain induced by astrocytic ErbB activation caused anorexia in animals. Therefore, our findings defined an unrecognized role of ErbB signaling in inducing reactive astrogliosis. Mechanistically, inhibiting ErbB signaling in reactive astrocytes prominently reduced Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity that is important for actin remodeling, although ErbB signaling activated multiple downstream signaling proteins. The discrepancies between the results from loss- and gain-of-function studies indicated that ErbB signaling regulated hypertrophy and proliferation of reactive astrocytes by different downstream signaling pathways. Our work demonstrated an essential mechanism in the pathological regulation of astrocytes and provided novel insights into potential therapeutic targets for astrogliosis-implicated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab of GEM Resource and Model Research of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanwan He
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Hu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Shen
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyan Cao
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengdong Wei
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Luan
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li He
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangdun Jiang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Tao
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab of GEM Resource and Model Research of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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19
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Zhao Y, Zhang X, Wang R, Bing J, Wu F, Zhang Y, Xu J, Han Z, Zhang X, Zeng S. Erbin and ErbB2 play roles in the sexual differentiation of the song system nucleus HVC in bengalese finches (Lonchura Striata var. domestica). Dev Neurobiol 2017; 78:15-38. [PMID: 29082632 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Song control nuclei have distinct sexual differences in songbirds. However, the mechanism that underlies the sexual differentiation of song nuclei is still not well understood. Using a combination of anatomical, pharmacological, genetic, and behavioral approaches, the present study investigated the role of erbb2 (a homolog of the avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2) and the erbb2-interacting gene, erbin, in the sexual differentiation of the song nucleus HVC in the Bengalese finch. We first found that both erbin and erbb2 were expressed in the developing HVC at posthatch day (PHD) 15 in a male-biased fashion using qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Following the addition of a pharmaceutical inhibitor of the ErbB2 signaling pathway to the culture medium, cell proliferation in the cultured ventricle zone (VZ) that overlies the developing HVC decreased significantly. After the injection of erbin- or erbb2-interfering lentiviruses into the HVC and its overlying VZ at PHD 15, the cell proliferation in the VZ at PHD 24, the number of the differentiated neurons (Hu+ /BrdU+ or NeuN+ /BrdU+ ) in the HVC at PHD 31 or PHD 130, and the number of RA-projecting cells at PHD 130 all decreased significantly. Additionally, the adult songs displayed serious abnormalities. Finally, 173 male-biased genes were expressed in the developing HVC at PHD 15 using cDNA microarrays, of which 27.2% were Z-linked genes and approximately 20 genes were involved in the Erbin- or ErbB2-related signaling pathways. Our results provide some specific genetic factors that contribute to neurogenesis and sex differentiation in a song nucleus of songbirds. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 15-38, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliu Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xuebo Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jie Bing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yitong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Jincao Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngolgoy, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Zhongming Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngolgoy, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Shaoju Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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20
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Xiong Y, Page JC, Narayanan N, Wang C, Jia Z, Yue F, Shi X, Jin W, Hu K, Deng M, Shi R, Shan T, Yang G, Kuang S. Peripheral Neuropathy and Hindlimb Paralysis in a Mouse Model of Adipocyte-Specific Knockout of Lkb1. EBioMedicine 2017; 24:127-136. [PMID: 29032027 PMCID: PMC5652135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissues (BAT) burn lipids to generate heat through uncoupled respiration, thus representing a powerful target to counteract lipid accumulation and obesity. The tumor suppressor liver kinase b1 (Lkb1) is a key regulator of cellular energy metabolism; and adipocyte-specific knockout of Lkb1 (Ad-Lkb1 KO) leads to the expansion of BAT, improvements in systemic metabolism and resistance to obesity in young mice. Here we report the unexpected finding that the Ad-Lkb1 KO mice develop hindlimb paralysis at mid-age. Gene expression analyses indicate that Lkb1 KO upregulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines in interscapular BAT and epineurial brown adipocytes surrounding the sciatic nerve. This is followed by peripheral neuropathy characterized by infiltration of macrophages into the sciatic nerve, axon degeneration, reduced nerve conductance, and hindlimb paralysis. Mechanistically, Lkb1 KO reduces AMPK phosphorylation and amplifies mammalian target-of-rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent inflammatory signaling specifically in BAT but not WAT. Importantly, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of mTOR ameliorates inflammation and prevents paralysis. These results demonstrate that BAT inflammation is linked to peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; Joint Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jessica C Page
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Naagarajan Narayanan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Xine Shi
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wen Jin
- Joint Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Keping Hu
- Joint Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meng Deng
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; School of Materials Engineering(,) Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Tizhong Shan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; Joint Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Rodríguez-Molina JF, Lopez-Anido C, Ma KH, Zhang C, Olson T, Muth KN, Weider M, Svaren J. Dual specificity phosphatase 15 regulates Erk activation in Schwann cells. J Neurochem 2017; 140:368-382. [PMID: 27891578 PMCID: PMC5250571 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the peripheral and central nervous system, respectively. Despite having different myelin components and different transcription factors driving their terminal differentiation there are shared molecular mechanisms between the two. Sox10 is one common transcription factor required for several steps in development of myelinating glia. However, other factors are divergent as Schwann cells need the transcription factor early growth response 2/Krox20 and oligodendrocytes require Myrf. Likewise, some signaling pathways, like the Erk1/2 kinases, are necessary in both cell types for proper myelination. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms that control this shared signaling pathway in myelinating cells remain only partially characterized. The hypothesis of this study is that signaling pathways that are similarly regulated in both Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes play central roles in coordinating the differentiation of myelinating glia. To address this hypothesis, we have used genome-wide binding data to identify a relatively small set of genes that are similarly regulated by Sox10 in myelinating glia. We chose one such gene encoding Dual specificity phosphatase 15 (Dusp15) for further analysis in Schwann cell signaling. RNA interference and gene deletion by genome editing in cultured RT4 and primary Schwann cells showed Dusp15 is necessary for full activation of Erk1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, we show that Dusp15 represses expression of several myelin genes, including myelin basic protein. The data shown here support a mechanism by which early growth response 2 activates myelin genes, but also induces a negative feedback loop through Dusp15 to limit over-expression of myelin genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F. Rodríguez-Molina
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Camila Lopez-Anido
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ki H. Ma
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Chongyu Zhang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Tyler Olson
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Katharina N. Muth
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Weider
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - John Svaren
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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22
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Transmembrane protein 108 is required for glutamatergic transmission in dentate gyrus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:1177-1182. [PMID: 28096412 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618213114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmission in dentate gyrus (DG) is critical for spatial coding, learning memory, and emotion processing. Although DG dysfunction is implicated in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that transmembrane protein 108 (Tmem108), a novel schizophrenia susceptibility gene, is highly enriched in DG granule neurons and its expression increased at the postnatal period critical for DG development. Tmem108 is specifically expressed in the nervous system and enriched in the postsynaptic density fraction. Tmem108-deficient neurons form fewer and smaller spines, suggesting that Tmem108 is required for spine formation and maturation. In agreement, excitatory postsynaptic currents of DG granule neurons were decreased in Tmem108 mutant mice, indicating a hypofunction of glutamatergic activity. Further cell biological studies indicate that Tmem108 is necessary for surface expression of AMPA receptors. Tmem108-deficient mice display compromised sensorimotor gating and cognitive function. Together, these observations indicate that Tmem108 plays a critical role in regulating spine development and excitatory transmission in DG granule neurons. When Tmem108 is mutated, mice displayed excitatory/inhibitory imbalance and behavioral deficits relevant to schizophrenia, revealing potential pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia.
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23
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Gene expression, signal transduction pathways and functional networks associated with growth of sporadic vestibular schwannomas. J Neurooncol 2016; 131:283-292. [PMID: 27752882 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine global gene expression in relation to Vestibular schwannomas (VS) growth rate and to identify signal transduction pathways and functional molecular networks associated with growth. Repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to surgery determined tumor growth rate. Following tissue sampling during surgery, mRNA was extracted from 16 sporadic VS. Double stranded cDNA was synthesized from the mRNA and used as template for in vitro transcription reaction to synthesize biotin-labeled antisense cRNA, which was hybridized to Affymetrix HG-U133A arrays and analyzed by dChip software. Differential gene expression was defined as a 1.5-fold difference between fast and slow growing tumors (><0.5 ccm/year), employing a p-value <0.01. Deregulated transcripts were matched against established gene ontology. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used for identification of signal transduction pathways and functional molecular networks associated with tumor growth. In total 109 genes were deregulated in relation to tumor growth rate. Genes associated with apoptosis, growth and cell proliferation were deregulated. Gene ontology included regulation of the cell cycle, cell differentiation and proliferation, among other functions. Fourteen pathways were associated with tumor growth. Five functional molecular networks were generated. This first study on global gene expression in relation to vestibular schwannoma growth rate identified several genes, signal transduction pathways and functional networks associated with tumor progression. Specific genes involved in apoptosis, cell growth and proliferation were deregulated in fast growing tumors. Fourteen pathways were associated with tumor growth. Generated functional networks underlined the importance of the PI3K family, among others.
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24
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Kravic B, Huraskin D, Frick AD, Jung J, Redai V, Palmisano R, Marchetto S, Borg JP, Mei L, Hashemolhosseini S. LAP proteins are localized at the post-synaptic membrane of neuromuscular junctions and appear to modulate synaptic morphology and transmission. J Neurochem 2016; 139:381-395. [PMID: 27321929 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Erbin, Lano, Scribble, and Densin-180 belong to LAP (leucine-rich repeats and PDZ domain) adaptor proteins involved in cell signaling pathways. Previously, we identified Erbin, Lano, and Scribble, but not Densin-180, in muscle cells, where they are involved in regulating the aggregation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in vitro. Here, we analyzed their cellular localization at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in skeletal muscles of mice. Erbin, Lano, and Scribble were significantly accumulated at NMJs and localized in different synaptic cells. Moreover, we used mouse mutants to analyze the role of Erbin at the NMJ. We used two Erbin mutant mouse strains that either completely lack Erbin protein (Erbinnull/null ) or express a truncated Erbin mutant where the carboxy-terminal PDZ domain is replaced by β-galactosidase (ErbinΔC/ΔC ) thereby abolishing its interaction with ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases. Neither the lack of the PDZ domain of Erbin, nor its complete absence interfered with the general localization of LAP proteins at NMJs, but Lano and Scribble transcript levels were up-regulated in homozygous Erbin-null muscles. Furthermore, grip strength was reduced and neural transmission impaired in homozygous aged Erbin-null but not Erbin-ΔC mice. Erbin-null skeletal muscles did not reveal any conspicuous impairment of the muscle fiber. Localization of other NMJ marker proteins was not affected either. Quantitative 3D morphometry showed that NMJs of Erbin-null muscles were significantly smaller and fragmented in the soleus. We speculate that Erbin, Lano, and Scribble act at the post-synaptic membrane of NMJs in a concerted fashion to regulate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors cluster morphology and neural transmission. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Kravic
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Danyil Huraskin
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander D Frick
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Jung
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veronika Redai
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf Palmisano
- Optical Imaging Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sylvie Marchetto
- CRCM, Cell Polarity, Cell signaling and Cancer "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Inserm, U1068, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- CRCM, Cell Polarity, Cell signaling and Cancer "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Inserm, U1068, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Said Hashemolhosseini
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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25
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Rao SNR, Pearse DD. Regulating Axonal Responses to Injury: The Intersection between Signaling Pathways Involved in Axon Myelination and The Inhibition of Axon Regeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:33. [PMID: 27375427 PMCID: PMC4896923 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following spinal cord injury (SCI), a multitude of intrinsic and extrinsic factors adversely affect the gene programs that govern the expression of regeneration-associated genes (RAGs) and the production of a diversity of extracellular matrix molecules (ECM). Insufficient RAG expression in the injured neuron and the presence of inhibitory ECM at the lesion, leads to structural alterations in the axon that perturb the growth machinery, or form an extraneous barrier to axonal regeneration, respectively. Here, the role of myelin, both intact and debris, in antagonizing axon regeneration has been the focus of numerous investigations. These studies have employed antagonizing antibodies and knockout animals to examine how the growth cone of the re-growing axon responds to the presence of myelin and myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) within the lesion environment and caudal spinal cord. However, less attention has been placed on how the myelination of the axon after SCI, whether by endogenous glia or exogenously implanted glia, may alter axon regeneration. Here, we examine the intersection between intracellular signaling pathways in neurons and glia that are involved in axon myelination and axon growth, to provide greater insight into how interrogating this complex network of molecular interactions may lead to new therapeutics targeting SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheendra N R Rao
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
| | - Damien D Pearse
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA; The Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA; The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA; The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterMiami, FL, USA
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26
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Birchmeier C, Bennett DLH. Neuregulin/ErbB Signaling in Developmental Myelin Formation and Nerve Repair. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 116:45-64. [PMID: 26970613 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is essential for rapid and accurate conduction of electrical impulses by axons in the central and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Myelin is formed in the early postnatal period, and developmental myelination in the PNS depends on axonal signals provided by Nrg1/ErbB receptors. In addition, Nrg1 is required for effective nerve repair and remyelination in adulthood. We discuss here similarities and differences in Nrg1/ErbB functions in developmental myelination and remyelination after nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Birchmeier
- Developmental Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| | - David L H Bennett
- The Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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27
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Grimont A, Pinho AV, Cowley MJ, Augereau C, Mawson A, Giry-Laterrière M, Van den Steen G, Waddell N, Pajic M, Sempoux C, Wu J, Grimmond SM, Biankin AV, Lemaigre FP, Rooman I, Jacquemin P. SOX9 regulates ERBB signalling in pancreatic cancer development. Gut 2015; 64:1790-9. [PMID: 25336113 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The transcription factor SOX9 was recently shown to stimulate ductal gene expression in pancreatic acinar-to-ductal metaplasia and to accelerate development of premalignant lesions preceding pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we investigate how SOX9 operates in pancreatic tumourigenesis. DESIGN We analysed genomic and transcriptomic data from surgically resected PDAC and extended the expression analysis to xenografts from PDAC samples and to PDAC cell lines. SOX9 expression was manipulated in human cell lines and mouse models developing PDAC. RESULTS We found genetic aberrations in the SOX9 gene in about 15% of patient tumours. Most PDAC samples strongly express SOX9 protein, and SOX9 levels are higher in classical PDAC. This tumour subtype is associated with better patient outcome, and cell lines of this subtype respond to therapy targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1) signalling, a pathway essential for pancreatic tumourigenesis. In human PDAC, high expression of SOX9 correlates with expression of genes belonging to the ERBB pathway. In particular, ERBB2 expression in PDAC cell lines is stimulated by SOX9. Inactivating Sox9 expression in mice confirmed its role in PDAC initiation; it demonstrated that Sox9 stimulates expression of several members of the ERBB pathway and is required for ERBB signalling activity. CONCLUSIONS By integrating data from patient samples and mouse models, we found that SOX9 regulates the ERBB pathway throughout pancreatic tumourigenesis. Our work opens perspectives for therapy targeting tumourigenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Grimont
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andreia V Pinho
- Cancer Research Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Cancer Research Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative
| | - Cécile Augereau
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amanda Mawson
- Cancer Research Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative
| | - Marc Giry-Laterrière
- Cancer Research Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative
| | | | - Nicola Waddell
- Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- Cancer Research Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative St Vincent's Clinical School, University New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Department of Pathology, Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Cancer Research Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative St Vincent's Clinical School, University New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sean M Grimmond
- Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia Wolfson Wohl Cancer Centre, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Cancer Research Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative St Vincent's Clinical School, University New South Wales, Australia Wolfson Wohl Cancer Centre, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Ilse Rooman
- Cancer Research Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative St Vincent's Clinical School, University New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrick Jacquemin
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Xie CM, Wei D, Zhao L, Marchetto S, Mei L, Borg JP, Sun Y. Erbin is a novel substrate of the Sag-βTrCP E3 ligase that regulates KrasG12D-induced skin tumorigenesis. J Cell Biol 2015; 209:721-37. [PMID: 26056141 PMCID: PMC4460146 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201411104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to previous results in the lung, skin-specific deletion of the Sag-βTrCP E3 ubiquitin ligase significantly accelerates mutant KrasG12D-induced skin papillomagenesis due to accumulation of Erbin and Nrf2, two novel Sag substrates, which blocks ROS generation and promotes proliferation. SAG/RBX2 is the RING (really interesting new gene) component of Cullin-RING ligase, which is required for its activity. An organ-specific role of SAG in tumorigenesis is unknown. We recently showed that Sag/Rbx2, upon lung-targeted deletion, suppressed KrasG12D-induced tumorigenesis via inactivating NF-κB and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. In contrast, we report here that, upon skin-targeted deletion, Sag significantly accelerated KrasG12D-induced papillomagenesis. In KrasG12D-expressing primary keratinocytes, Sag deletion promotes proliferation by inhibiting autophagy and senescence, by inactivating the Ras–Erk pathway, and by blocking reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This is achieved by accumulation of Erbin to block Ras activation of Raf and Nrf2 to scavenge ROS and can be rescued by knockdown of Nrf2 or Erbin. Simultaneous one-allele deletion of the Erbin-encoding gene Erbb2ip partially rescued the phenotypes. Finally, we characterized Erbin as a novel substrate of SAG-βTrCP E3 ligase. By degrading Erbin and Nrf2, Sag activates the Ras–Raf pathway and causes ROS accumulation to trigger autophagy and senescence, eventually delaying KrasG12D-induced papillomagenesis and thus acting as a skin-specific tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ming Xie
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Dongping Wei
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Sylvie Marchetto
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Cell Polarity, Cell Signalling and Cancer, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1068, 13009 Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7258, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912 Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Cell Polarity, Cell Signalling and Cancer, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1068, 13009 Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7258, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Yi Sun
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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Abstract
Myelination of axons in the nervous system of vertebrates enables fast, saltatory impulse propagation, one of the best-understood concepts in neurophysiology. However, it took a long while to recognize the mechanistic complexity both of myelination by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells and of their cellular interactions. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of myelin biogenesis, its lifelong plasticity, and the reciprocal interactions of myelinating glia with the axons they ensheath. In the central nervous system, myelination is also stimulated by axonal activity and astrocytes, whereas myelin clearance involves microglia/macrophages. Once myelinated, the long-term integrity of axons depends on glial supply of metabolites and neurotrophic factors. The relevance of this axoglial symbiosis is illustrated in normal brain aging and human myelin diseases, which can be studied in corresponding mouse models. Thus, myelinating cells serve a key role in preserving the connectivity and functions of a healthy nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany; ,
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30
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Additive dominant effect of a SOX10 mutation underlies a complex phenotype of PCWH. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 80:1-14. [PMID: 25959061 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct classes of SOX10 mutations result in peripheral demyelinating neuropathy, central dysmyelinating leukodystrophy, Waardenburg syndrome, and Hirschsprung disease, collectively known as PCWH. Meanwhile, SOX10 haploinsufficiency caused by allelic loss-of-function mutations leads to a milder non-neurological disorder, Waardenburg-Hirschsprung disease. The cellular pathogenesis of more complex PCWH phenotypes in vivo has not been thoroughly understood. To determine the pathogenesis of PCWH, we have established a transgenic mouse model. A known PCWH-causing SOX10 mutation, c.1400del12, was introduced into mouse Sox10-expressing cells by means of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenesis. By crossing the multiple transgenic lines, we examined the effects produced by various copy numbers of the mutant transgene. Within the nervous systems, transgenic mice revealed a delay in the incorporation of Schwann cells in the sciatic nerve and the terminal differentiation of oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord. Transgenic mice also showed defects in melanocytes presenting as neurosensory deafness and abnormal skin pigmentation, and a loss of the enteric nervous system. Phenotypes in each lineage were more severe in mice carrying higher copy numbers, suggesting a gene dosage effect for mutant SOX10. By uncoupling the effects of gain-of-function and haploinsufficiency in vivo, we have demonstrated that the effect of a PCWH-causing SOX10 mutation is solely pathogenic in each SOX10-expressing cellular lineage in a dosage-dependent manner. In both the peripheral and central nervous systems, the primary consequence of SOX10 mutations is hypomyelination. The complex neurological phenotypes in PCWH patients likely result from a combination of haploinsufficiency and additive dominant effect.
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31
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Abstract
Inhibition of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is being pursued as a therapeutic target for treating patients with Alzheimer's disease because BACE1 is the sole β-secretase for generating β-amyloid peptide. Knowledge regarding the other cellular functions of BACE1 is therefore critical for the safe use of BACE1 inhibitors in human patients. BACE1 deficiency in mice causes hypomyelination during development and impairs remyelination in injured sciatic nerves. Since BACE1 is expected to be ubiquitously expressed, we asked whether axonal or Schwann cell BACE1 is required for optimal remyelination. By swapping sciatic nerve segments from BACE1-null mice with the corresponding wild-type nerve segments or vice versa, we tested how a deficiency of BACE1 in Schwann cells or axons affects remyelination. Our results show that BACE1 in axons and Schwann cells is similarly important for remyelination of regenerated axons. Nerve injury induces BACE1 transcription and protein levels are elevated in Schwann cells. Expression of type I neuregulin 1 (Nrg1), rather than type III Nrg1, was induced by Schwann cells, and the abolished Nrg1 cleavage in BACE1-null Schwann cells contributed to decreased remyelination of regenerated axons. Hence, this study is the first to demonstrate the equal importance of axonal and Schwann cell BACE1 for remyelination of injured nerves.
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32
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Yao S, Zheng P, Wu H, Song LM, Ying XF, Xing C, Li Y, Xiao ZQ, Zhou XN, Shen T, Chen L, Liu YH, Lai MD, Mei L, Gao TM, Li JM. Erbin interacts with c-Cbl and promotes tumourigenesis and tumour growth in colorectal cancer by preventing c-Cbl-mediated ubiquitination and down-regulation of EGFR. J Pathol 2015; 236:65-77. [PMID: 25521828 DOI: 10.1002/path.4502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is implicated in many types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC), and has become one of the most common candidates for targeted therapy. Here, we found that Erbin, a member of the leucine-rich repeat and PDZ domain (LAP) family, plays a key role in EGFR signalling. Erbin inhibited EGFR ubiquitination and stabilized the EGFR protein by interacting with c-Cbl. Moreover, the PDZ domain of Erbin was critical for the interaction between Erbin and c-Cbl and EGFR ubiquitination. Interestingly, Erbin expression was elevated in tumour samples from CRC patients, increased in advanced clinical stage disease and correlated with EGFR expression. In vivo studies using mouse xenograft models of CRC showed that Erbin promotes tumour growth, and that the effects of Erbin on tumour growth are mainly related to the regulatory effects of Erbin on EGFR. The azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis model in Erbin(ΔC) (/) (ΔC) mice, with the PDZ domain of Erbin deleted, demonstrated that the PDZ domain of Erbin and its regulation of EGFR signalling are necessary for the tumourigenesis and tumour growth of CRC. We found that Erbin promotes tumourigenesis and tumour growth in CRC by stabilizing EGFR. Our study sheds light on developing Erbin, especially its PDZ domain, as a potential target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Chen XS, Huang N, Michael N, Xiao L. Advancements in the Underlying Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia: Implications of DNA Methylation in Glial Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:451. [PMID: 26696822 PMCID: PMC4667081 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic and severe mental illness for which currently there is no cure. At present, the exact molecular mechanism involved in the underlying pathogenesis of SZ is unknown. The disease is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic regulation is involved in SZ pathology. Specifically, DNA methylation, one of the earliest found epigenetic modifications, has been extensively linked to modulation of neuronal function, leading to psychiatric disorders such as SZ. However, increasing evidence indicates that glial cells, especially dysfunctional oligodendrocytes undergo DNA methylation changes that contribute to the pathogenesis of SZ. This review primarily focuses on DNA methylation involved in glial dysfunctions in SZ. Clarifying this mechanism may lead to the development of new therapeutic interventional strategies for the treatment of SZ and other illnesses by correcting abnormal methylation in glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Shu Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Nanxin Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Namaka Michael
- College of Pharmacy and Medicine, Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry Between Shantou University Medical College and the College of Medicine, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Lan Xiao
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Vargas-Martínez F, Uvnäs-Moberg K, Petersson M, Olausson HA, Jiménez-Estrada I. Neuropeptides as neuroprotective agents: Oxytocin a forefront developmental player in the mammalian brain. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 123:37-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
ErbB2 (v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2), a receptor tyrosine kinase of the ErbB family, is overexpressed in around 25% of breast cancers. In addition to forming a heterodimer with other ErbB receptors in response to ligand stimulation, ErbB2 can be activated in a ligand-independent manner. We report here that Erbin, an ErbB2-interacting protein that was thought to act as an antitumor factor, is specifically expressed in mammary luminal epithelial cells and facilitates ErbB2-dependent proliferation of breast cancer cells and tumorigenesis in MMTV-neu transgenic mice. Disruption of their interaction decreases ErbB2-dependent proliferation, and deletion of the PDZ domain in Erbin hinders ErbB2-dependent tumor development in MMTV-neu mice. Mechanistically, Erbin forms a complex with ErbB2, promotes its interaction with the chaperon protein HSP90, and thus prevents its degradation. Finally, ErbB2 and Erbin expression correlates in human breast tumor tissues. Together, these observations establish Erbin as an ErbB2 regulator for breast tumor formation and progression.
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Mei L, Nave KA. Neuregulin-ERBB signaling in the nervous system and neuropsychiatric diseases. Neuron 2014; 83:27-49. [PMID: 24991953 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulins (NRGs) comprise a large family of growth factors that stimulate ERBB receptor tyrosine kinases. NRGs and their receptors, ERBBs, have been identified as susceptibility genes for diseases such as schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder. Recent studies have revealed complex Nrg/Erbb signaling networks that regulate the assembly of neural circuitry, myelination, neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity. Evidence indicates there is an optimal level of NRG/ERBB signaling in the brain and deviation from it impairs brain functions. NRGs/ERBBs and downstream signaling pathways may provide therapeutic targets for specific neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.
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Abstract
ErbB2 interacting protein (Erbin) is a widely expressed protein and participates in inhibition of several intracellular signaling pathways. Its mRNA has been found to be present in relatively high levels in the heart. However, its physiological role in the heart has not been explored. In the present work, we elucidated the role of Erbin in cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in mice either by isoproterenol administration or by aortic constriction. The level of Erbin was significantly decreased in both models. Erbin(-/-) mice rapidly develop decompensated cardiac hypertrophy, and following severe pressure overload all Erbin(-/-) mice died from heart failure. Down-regulation of Erbin expression was also observed in biopsies derived from human failing hearts. It is known that Erbin inhibits Ras-mediated activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by binding to Soc-2 suppressor of clear homolog (Shoc2). Our data clearly show that ERK phosphorylation is enhanced in the heart tissues of Erbin(-/-) mice. Furthermore, we clearly demonstrate here that Erbin associates with Shoc2 in both whole hearts and in cardiomyocytes, and that in the absence of Erbin, Raf is phosphorylated and binds Shoc2, resulting in ERK phosphorylation. In conclusion, Erbin is an inhibitor of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and this inhibition is mediated, at least in part, by modulating ERK signaling.
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Identification and distribution of rRNH1, a gene upregulated after spinal cord primary neuron injury. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 50:183-7. [PMID: 24288130 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study identified and characterized one differentially expressed gene, Rattus norvegicus ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor 1 (rRNH1). Transcriptional activity of lots of genes involves in spinal cord injury (SCI) and regeneration, but the mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, we analyzed the sequences of rRNH1 and examined the expression pattern of rRNH1 in different adult rat tissues. We found the sequences of rRNH1 show high homology to Homo sapiens ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor 1; it encoded a protein of 461 amino acid residues and contained 13 leucine-rich repeat motifs. Using real-time quantitative PCR (q-PCR), rRNH1 mRNA was widely expressed in adult rat tissues, especially in the central nervous system. Moreover, rRNH1 protein was found to be upregulated after SCI. Although the precise function of rRNH1 is unknown, its unique expression pattern and upregulation after SCI suggest that rRNH1 might be involved in the succeeding injury and/or regeneration processes of injured spinal cord. All these data make rRNH1 a new interesting start to study the mechanisms of SCI and neuron regeneration.
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Zhou QD, Ning Y, Zeng R, Chen L, Kou P, Xu CO, Pei GC, Han M, Xu G. Erbin interacts with Sema4C and inhibits Sema4C-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HK2 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 33:672-679. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-013-1179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhao CF, Liu Y, Ni YL, Yang JW, Hui HD, Sun ZB, Liu SJ. SCIRR39 promotes neurite extension via RhoA in NGF-induced PC12 cells. Dev Neurosci 2013; 35:373-83. [PMID: 24021527 DOI: 10.1159/000350715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SCIRR39 is an identified upregulated gene in rat primary neuron injury and/or regeneration process with roles largely unexplored. Using real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence, SCIRR39 expression was detected in normal PC12 cells and upregulated in differentiated cells. The results of cell proliferation by Cell Counting Kit and cell cycle by flow cytometry indicated that SCIRR39 inhibited cell proliferation and induced the decrease in S phase. Importantly, immunofluorescent and RhoA pull-down assays showed that SCIRR39 strongly affected the neurite extension of NGF-treated PC12 cells through a RhoA-dependent mechanism, but the truncated mutants of SCIRR39 containing a truncation from 141AA to 211AA or from 397AA to 424AA failed to mock the SCIRR39 effect on neurite extension. Moreover, change of SCIRR39 expression in NGF-treated PC12 cells regulated the expression and phosphorylation of Fyn, a regulator of RhoA activity, but not the expression of ROCK II protein. Finally, immunofluorescence and RhoA pull-down assays revealed that obvious inhibition of neurite extension by SCIRR39 shRNA was reversed by RhoA inhibitor C3-transferase. Our results indicated that SCIRR39 increased the neurite extension in NGF-treated PC12 cells via RhoA, suggesting that SCIRR39 contributes to the regeneration of neuron injury by specifically altering the differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, The Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Pan P, Dobrowsky RT. Differential expression of neuregulin-1 isoforms and downregulation of erbin are associated with Erb B2 receptor activation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2013; 1:39. [PMID: 24252174 PMCID: PMC3893607 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-1-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant neuron/glia interactions can contribute to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases and we have previously demonstrated that enhanced activation of Erb B2, which is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, can contribute to the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). In peripheral nerves, Erb B receptors are activated by various members of the neuregulin-1 (NRG1) family including NRG1 Type I, NRG1 Type II and NRG1 Type III to regulate Schwann cell (SC) growth, migration, differentiation and dedifferentiation. Alternatively, Erb B2 activity can be negatively regulated by association with the Erb B2-interacting protein, erbin. Since the effect of diabetes on the expression of NRG1 isoforms and erbin in peripheral nerve are unknown, the current study determined whether changes in NRG1 isoforms and erbin may be associated with altered Erb B2 signaling in DPN. Results Swiss Webster mice were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ) and after 12 weeks of diabetes, treated with erlotinib, an inhibitor of Erb B2 activation. Inhibition of Erb B2 signaling partially reversed several pathophysiologic aspects of DPN including a pronounced sensory hypoalgesia, nerve conduction velocity deficits and the decrease in epidermal nerve fiber innervation. We also observed a decrease of NRG1 Type III but an increase of NRG1 Type I level in diabetic sural nerves at early stage of diabetes. With disease progression, we detected reduced erbin expression and enhanced MAPK pathway activity in diabetic mice. Inhibition of Erb B2 receptor suppressed MAPK pathway activity in treated-diabetic sural nerves. Conclusions These results support that hyperglycemia may impair NRG1/Erb B2 signaling by disrupting the balance between NRG1 isoforms, decreasing the expression of erbin and correspondingly activating the MAPK pathway. Together, imbalanced NRG1 isoforms and downregulated erbin may contribute to the dysregulation of Erb B2 signaling in the development of DPN.
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Tao Y, Xiong WC, Mei L. Erbin in cortical inhibition. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.13.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Tao
- Institute of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Genetics & Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Genetics & Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Harmon RM, Simpson CL, Johnson JL, Koetsier JL, Dubash AD, Najor NA, Sarig O, Sprecher E, Green KJ. Desmoglein-1/Erbin interaction suppresses ERK activation to support epidermal differentiation. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1556-70. [PMID: 23524970 DOI: 10.1172/jci65220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic disorders of the Ras/MAPK pathway, termed RASopathies, produce numerous abnormalities, including cutaneous keratodermas. The desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein-1 (DSG1), promotes keratinocyte differentiation by attenuating MAPK/ERK signaling and is linked to striate palmoplantar keratoderma (SPPK). This raises the possibility that cutaneous defects associated with SPPK and RASopathies share certain molecular faults. To identify intermediates responsible for executing the inhibition of ERK by DSG1, we conducted a yeast 2-hybrid screen. The screen revealed that Erbin (also known as ERBB2IP), a known ERK regulator, binds DSG1. Erbin silencing disrupted keratinocyte differentiation in culture, mimicking aspects of DSG1 deficiency. Furthermore, ERK inhibition and the induction of differentiation markers by DSG1 required both Erbin and DSG1 domains that participate in binding Erbin. Erbin blocks ERK signaling by interacting with and disrupting Ras-Raf scaffolds mediated by SHOC2, a protein genetically linked to the RASopathy, Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair (NS/LAH). DSG1 overexpression enhanced this inhibitory function, increasing Erbin-SHOC2 interactions and decreasing Ras-SHOC2 interactions. Conversely, analysis of epidermis from DSG1-deficient patients with SPPK demonstrated increased Ras-SHOC2 colocalization and decreased Erbin-SHOC2 colocalization, offering a possible explanation for the observed epidermal defects. These findings suggest a mechanism by which DSG1 and Erbin cooperate to repress MAPK signaling and promote keratinocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Harmon
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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ErbB2 dephosphorylation and anti-proliferative effects of neuregulin-1 in ErbB2-overexpressing cells; re-evaluation of their low-affinity interaction. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1402. [PMID: 23466678 PMCID: PMC3590560 DOI: 10.1038/srep01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 binds to ErbB3 and ErbB4 and regulates cancer proliferation and differentiation. Neuregulin-1 had been suggested to also react with ErbB2, but this argument becomes controversial. Here, we re-evaluated the cellular responses and ErbB2 interaction of neuregulin-1 in ErbB2 overexpressing cell lines. In a competitive ligand-binding assay, we detected significant replacement of [35S]-labeled neuregulin-1 with nano molar ranges of cold neuregulin-1 in L929 cells expressing ErbB2 alone and SKOV3 cells carrying sulf-1 cDNA but not in these parental cells. The concentration of neuregulin-1 significantly decreased thymidine incorporation and phosphorylation of ErbB2 (Tyr877, Tyr1396, and Tyr1121) in ErbB2-overexpressing cancer cells as well as in L929 cells expressing ErbB2. A crosslinking assay ascertained the presence of neuregulin-1 immunoreactivity in the ErbB2 immune complexes of L929 expressing ErbB2 alone. These results suggest that the higher concentrations of neuregulin-1 exert an anti-oncogenic activity to attenuate ErbB2 auto-phosphorylation potentially through its low-affinity interaction with ErbB2.
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Zhao CF, Liu Y, Que HP, Yang SG, Liu ZQ, Weng XC, Hui HD, Liu SJ. SCIRR39 Promotes Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells and Regulates Expression of Myelin-Associated Inhibitory Factors. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 50:533-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-9983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Iwakura Y, Nawa H. ErbB1-4-dependent EGF/neuregulin signals and their cross talk in the central nervous system: pathological implications in schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:4. [PMID: 23408472 PMCID: PMC3570895 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligands for ErbB1-4 receptor tyrosine kinases, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and neuregulins, regulate brain development and function. Thus, abnormalities in their signaling are implicated in the etiology or pathology of schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Among the ErbB receptors, ErbB1, and ErbB4 are expressed in dopamine and GABA neurons, while ErbB1, 2, and/or 3 are mainly present in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and their precursors. Thus, deficits in ErbB signaling might contribute to the neurological and psychiatric diseases stemming from these cell types. By incorporating the latest cancer molecular biology as well as our recent progress, we discuss signal cross talk between the ErbB1-4 subunits and their neurobiological functions in each cell type. The potential contribution of virus-derived cytokines (virokines) that mimic EGF and neuregulin-1 in brain diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Iwakura
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
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Erbin interacts with TARP γ-2 for surface expression of AMPA receptors in cortical interneurons. Nat Neurosci 2013; 16:290-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nn.3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Torres-Martin M, Lassaletta L, San-Roman-Montero J, De Campos JM, Isla A, Gavilan J, Melendez B, Pinto GR, Burbano RR, Castresana JS, Rey JA. Microarray analysis of gene expression in vestibular schwannomas reveals SPP1/MET signaling pathway and androgen receptor deregulation. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:848-62. [PMID: 23354516 PMCID: PMC3597452 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannomas are benign neoplasms that arise from the vestibular nerve. The hallmark of these tumors is the biallelic inactivation of neurofibromin 2 (NF2). Transcriptomic alterations, such as the neuregulin 1 (NRG1)/ErbB2 pathway, have been described in schwannomas. In this study, we performed a whole transcriptome analysis in 31 vestibular schwannomas and 9 control nerves in the Affymetrix Gene 1.0 ST platform, validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) using TaqMan Low Density arrays. We performed a mutational analysis of NF2 by PCR/denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), as well as a microsatellite marker analysis of the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 22q. The microarray analysis demonstrated that 1,516 genes were deregulated and 48 of the genes were validated by qRT-PCR. At least 2 genetic hits (allelic loss and/or gene mutation) in NF2 were found in 16 tumors, seven cases showed 1 hit and 8 tumors showed no NF2 alteration. MET and associated genes, such as integrin, alpha 4 (ITGA4)/B6, PLEXNB3/SEMA5 and caveolin-1 (CAV1) showed a clear deregulation in vestibular schwannomas. In addition, androgen receptor (AR) downregulation may denote a hormonal effect or cause in this tumor. Furthermore, the osteopontin gene (SPP1), which is involved in merlin protein degradation, was upregulated, which suggests that this mechanism may also exert a pivotal role in schwannoma merlin depletion. Finally, no major differences were observed among tumors of different size, histological type or NF2 status, which suggests that, at the mRNA level, all schwannomas, regardless of their molecular and clinical characteristics, may share common features that can be used in their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Torres-Martin
- Research Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain.
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Hu X, Schlanger R, He W, Macklin WB, Yan R. Reversing hypomyelination in BACE1-null mice with Akt-DD overexpression. FASEB J 2013; 27:1868-73. [PMID: 23335052 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-224212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
β-Site amyloid precursor protein convertase enzyme 1 (BACE1), a type I transmembrane aspartyl protease required to cleave amyloid precursor protein for releasing a toxic amyloid peptide, also cleaves type I and type III neuregulin-1 (Nrg-1). BACE1 deficiency in mice causes hypomyelination during development and impairs remyelination if injured. In BACE1-null mice, the abolished cleavage of neuregulin-1 by BACE1 is speculated to cause reduced myelin sheath thickness in both the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system because reduced cleavage of Nrg-1 correlates with reduced Akt phosphorylation, a downstream signaling molecule of the Nrg-1/ErbB pathway. Here we tested specifically whether increasing Akt activity alone in oligodendrocytes would be sufficient to reverse the hypomyelination phenotype in BACE1-null mice. BACE1-null mice were bred with transgenic mice expressing constitutively active Akt (Akt-DD; mutations with D(308)T and D(473)S) in oligodendrocytes. Relative to littermate BACE1-null controls, BACE1(-/-)/Akt-DD mice exhibited enhanced expression of myelin basic protein and promoter of proteolipid protein. The elevated expression of myelin proteins correlated with a thicker myelin sheath in optic nerves; comparison of quantified g ratios with statistic significance was used to confirm this reversion. However, it appeared that myelin sheath thickness in the sciatic nerves was not increased in BACE1(-/-)/Akt-DD mice, as the g ratio was not significantly different from the control. Hence, increased Akt activity in BACE1-null myelinating cells only compensates for the loss of BACE1 activity in the central nervous system, which is consistent with the observation that overexpression of Akt-DD in Schwann cells did not induce hypermyelination. Our results suggest that signaling activity other than Akt may also contribute to proper myelination in peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyou Hu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Abstract
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is an axon-derived factor that is critical for Schwann cell (SC) development and myelinogenesis in a manner dependent on transmembrane tyrosine kinases ErbB2 and ErbB3. Recent studies suggest that NRG1 signaling plays a role in remyelination of regenerated nerves after injury. In this study, we investigated the role of Erbin, a protein that interacts with ErbB2 in remyelination of injured nerves. We show that Erbin expression increased dramatically in injured nerves. Myelinated axons were fewer, and g-ratios of those that were myelinated were increased in erbin(-/-) mice, which were impaired in functional recovery from nerve injury. These results indicate a necessary role of Erbin in remyelination of regenerating axons. Erbin ablation had little effect on numbers of BrdU-labeled and TUNEL-labeled SCs, suggesting mechanisms independent of altered proliferation or apoptosis. We demonstrated that Erbin mutant mice were impaired in raising or maintaining the levels of ErbB2 and in producing NRG1 in axons. Together, these observations demonstrate that Erbin is required for remyelination of regenerated axons after injury, probably by regulating ErbB2 and NRG1 levels, identifying a novel player in regulating remyelination.
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