1
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Woo MS, Engler JB, Friese MA. The neuropathobiology of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:493-513. [PMID: 38789516 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation and neuronal deregulation are two components of a smoldering disease activity that drives the progression of disability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although several therapies exist to dampen the acute inflammation that drives MS relapses, therapeutic options to halt chronic disability progression are a major unmet clinical need. The development of such therapies is hindered by our limited understanding of the neuron-intrinsic determinants of resilience or vulnerability to inflammation. In this Review, we provide a neuron-centric overview of recent advances in deciphering neuronal response patterns that drive the pathology of MS. We describe the inflammatory CNS environment that initiates neurotoxicity by imposing ion imbalance, excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, and by direct neuro-immune interactions, which collectively lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic dysregulation. The neuronal demise is further amplified by breakdown of neuronal transport, accumulation of cytosolic proteins and activation of cell death pathways. Continuous neuronal damage perpetuates CNS inflammation by activating surrounding glia cells and by directly exerting toxicity on neighbouring neurons. Further, we explore strategies to overcome neuronal deregulation in MS and compile a selection of neuronal actuators shown to impact neurodegeneration in preclinical studies. We conclude by discussing the therapeutic potential of targeting such neuronal actuators in MS, including some that have already been tested in interventional clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel S Woo
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Broder Engler
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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2
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Eom Y, Kim SR, Kim YK, Lee SH. Mitochondrial Calcium Waves by Electrical Stimulation in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3477-3489. [PMID: 37995079 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03795-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical to cellular Ca2+ homeostasis via the sequestering of cytosolic Ca2+ in the mitochondrial matrix. Mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering regulates neuronal activity and neuronal death by shaping cytosolic and presynaptic Ca2+ or controlling energy metabolism. Dysfunction in mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering has been implicated in psychological and neurological disorders. Ca2+ wave propagation refers to the spreading of Ca2+ for buffering and maintaining the associated rise in Ca2+ concentration. We investigated mitochondrial Ca2+ waves in hippocampal neurons using genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators. Neurons transfected with mito-GCaMP5G, mito-RCaMP1h, and CEPIA3mt exhibited evidence of mitochondrial Ca2+ waves with electrical stimulation. These waves were observed with 200 action potentials at 40 Hz or 20 Hz but not with lower frequencies or fewer action potentials. The application of inhibitors of mitochondrial calcium uniporter and oxidative phosphorylation suppressed mitochondrial Ca2+ waves. However, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor blockade had no effect on mitochondrial Ca2+ wave were propagation. The Ca2+ waves were not observed in endoplasmic reticula, presynaptic terminals, or cytosol in association with electrical stimulation of 200 action potentials at 40 Hz. These results offer novel insights into the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering and the molecular basis of mitochondrial Ca2+ waves in neurons in response to electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkyung Eom
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Rae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
- Brain Research Core Facilities of Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Kyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Santos-Silva T, Colodete DAE, Lisboa JRF, Silva Freitas Í, Lopes CFB, Hadera V, Lima TSA, Souza AJ, Gomes FV. Perineuronal nets as regulators of parvalbumin interneuron function: Factors implicated in their formation and degradation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:614-628. [PMID: 38426366 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) has garnered increasing attention as a fundamental component of brain function in a predominantly "neuron-centric" paradigm. Particularly, the perineuronal nets (PNNs), a specialized net-like structure formed by ECM aggregates, play significant roles in brain development and physiology. PNNs enwrap synaptic junctions in various brain regions, precisely balancing new synaptic formation and long-term stabilization, and are highly dynamic entities that change in response to environmental stimuli, especially during the neurodevelopmental period. They are found mainly surrounding parvalbumin (PV)-expressing GABAergic interneurons, being proposed to promote PV interneuron maturation and protect them against oxidative stress and neurotoxic agents. This structural and functional proximity underscores the crucial role of PNNs in modulating PV interneuron function, which is critical for the excitatory/inhibitory balance and, consequently, higher-level behaviours. This review delves into the molecular underpinnings governing PNNs formation and degradation, elucidating their functional interactions with PV interneurons. In the broader physiological context and brain-related disorders, we also explore their intricate relationship with other molecules, such as reactive oxygen species and metalloproteinases, as well as glial cells. Additionally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for modulating PNNs in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamyris Santos-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Debora A E Colodete
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Ícaro Silva Freitas
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Caio Fábio Baeta Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Victor Hadera
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thaís Santos Almeida Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Adriana Jesus Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe V Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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4
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Bellingacci L, Canonichesi J, Sciaccaluga M, Megaro A, Mazzocchetti P, Di Mauro M, Costa C, Di Filippo M, Pettorossi VE, Tozzi A. Locally Synthetized 17-β-Estradiol Reverses Amyloid-β-42-Induced Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation Deficits. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1377. [PMID: 38338656 PMCID: PMC10855267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ42) aggregates acutely impair hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission, and 17β-estradiol is crucial for hippocampal LTP. We tested whether boosting the synthesis of neural-derived 17β-estradiol (nE2) saves hippocampal LTP by the neurotoxic action of Aβ42. Electrophysiological recordings were performed to measure dentate gyrus (DG) LTP in rat hippocampal slices. Using a pharmacological approach, we tested the ability of nE2 to counteract the LTP impairment caused by acute exposure to soluble Aβ42 aggregates. nE2 was found to be required for LTP in DG under physiological conditions. Blockade of steroid 5α-reductase with finasteride, by increasing nE2 synthesis from testosterone (T), completely recovered LTP in slices treated with soluble Aβ42 aggregates. Modulation of the glutamate N-methyl-D aspartate receptor (NMDAR) by memantine effectively rescued the LTP deficit observed in slices exposed to Aβ42, and memantine prevented LTP reduction observed under the blocking of nE2 synthesis. nE2 is able to counteract Aβ42-induced synaptic dysfunction. This effect depends on a rapid, non-genomic mechanism of action of nE2, which may share a common pathway with glutamate NMDAR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Tozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (L.B.); (J.C.); (M.S.)
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5
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Liu W, Li Y, Zhao T, Gong M, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xu L, Li W, Li Y, Jia J. The role of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors in Alzheimer's disease: From pathophysiology to therapeutic approaches. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 231:102534. [PMID: 37783430 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are involved in multiple physiopathological processes, including synaptic plasticity, neuronal network activities, excitotoxic events, and cognitive impairment. Abnormalities in NMDARs can initiate a cascade of pathological events, notably in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and even other neuropsychiatric disorders. The subunit composition of NMDARs is plastic, giving rise to a diverse array of receptor subtypes. While they are primarily found in neurons, NMDAR complexes, comprising both traditional and atypical subunits, are also present in non-neuronal cells, influencing the functions of various peripheral tissues. Furthermore, protein-protein interactions within NMDAR complexes has been linked with Aβ accumulation, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of which potentially served as an obligatory relay of cognitive impairment. Nonetheless, the precise mechanistic link remains to be fully elucidated. In this review, we provided an in-depth analysis of the structure and function of NMDAR, investigated their interactions with various pathogenic proteins, discussed the current landscape of NMDAR-based therapeutics, and highlighted the remaining challenges during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Liu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Tan Zhao
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Min Gong
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Xuechu Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, PR China; Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, PR China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, PR China; Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, PR China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, PR China; Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, PR China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, PR China; Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, PR China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China.
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6
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Ladagu AD, Olopade FE, Adejare A, Olopade JO. GluN2A and GluN2B N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDARs) Subunits: Their Roles and Therapeutic Antagonists in Neurological Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1535. [PMID: 38004401 PMCID: PMC10674917 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ion channels that respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate, playing a crucial role in the permeability of calcium ions and excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Composed of various subunits, NMDARs are predominantly formed by two obligatory GluN1 subunits (with eight splice variants) along with regulatory subunits GluN2 (GluN2A-2D) and GluN3 (GluN3A-B). They are widely distributed throughout the CNS and are involved in essential functions such as synaptic transmission, learning, memory, plasticity, and excitotoxicity. The presence of GluN2A and GluN2B subunits is particularly important for cognitive processes and has been strongly implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the roles of GluN2A and GluN2B NMDARs in neuropathologies provides valuable insights into the underlying causes and complexities of major nervous system disorders. This knowledge is vital for the development of selective antagonists targeting GluN2A and GluN2B subunits using pharmacological and molecular methods. Such antagonists represent a promising class of NMDA receptor inhibitors that have the potential to be developed into neuroprotective drugs with optimal therapeutic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Digal Ladagu
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria; (A.D.L.); (J.O.O.)
| | - Funmilayo Eniola Olopade
- Developmental Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria
| | - Adeboye Adejare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - James Olukayode Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria; (A.D.L.); (J.O.O.)
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7
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Cai W, Li L, Sang S, Pan X, Zhong C. Physiological Roles of β-amyloid in Regulating Synaptic Function: Implications for AD Pathophysiology. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1289-1308. [PMID: 36443453 PMCID: PMC10387033 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00985-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological functions of endogenous amyloid-β (Aβ), which plays important role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), have not been paid enough attention. Here, we review the multiple physiological effects of Aβ, particularly in regulating synaptic transmission, and the possible mechanisms, in order to decipher the real characters of Aβ under both physiological and pathological conditions. Some worthy studies have shown that the deprivation of endogenous Aβ gives rise to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficiency, while the moderate elevation of this peptide enhances long term potentiation and leads to neuronal hyperexcitability. In this review, we provide a new view for understanding the role of Aβ in AD pathophysiology from the perspective of physiological meaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Cai
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Linxi Li
- Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Shaoming Sang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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8
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Yu SP, Jiang MQ, Shim SS, Pourkhodadad S, Wei L. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors in acute and chronic excitotoxicity: implications for preventive treatments of ischemic stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:43. [PMID: 37400870 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) are risk factors for each other; the comorbidity of these brain disorders in aging individuals represents a significant challenge in basic research and clinical practice. The similarities and differences between stroke and AD in terms of pathogenesis and pathophysiology, however, have rarely been comparably reviewed. Here, we discuss the research background and recent progresses that are important and informative for the comorbidity of stroke and late-onset AD and related dementia (ADRD). Glutamatergic NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activity and NMDAR-mediated Ca2+ influx are essential for neuronal function and cell survival. An ischemic insult, however, can cause rapid increases in glutamate concentration and excessive activation of NMDARs, leading to swift Ca2+ overload in neuronal cells and acute excitotoxicity within hours and days. On the other hand, mild upregulation of NMDAR activity, commonly seen in AD animal models and patients, is not immediately cytotoxic. Sustained NMDAR hyperactivity and Ca2+ dysregulation lasting from months to years, nevertheless, can be pathogenic for slowly evolving events, i.e. degenerative excitotoxicity, in the development of AD/ADRD. Specifically, Ca2+ influx mediated by extrasynaptic NMDARs (eNMDARs) and a downstream pathway mediated by transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member (TRPM) are primarily responsible for excitotoxicity. On the other hand, the NMDAR subunit GluN3A plays a "gatekeeper" role in NMDAR activity and a neuroprotective role against both acute and chronic excitotoxicity. Thus, ischemic stroke and AD share an NMDAR- and Ca2+-mediated pathogenic mechanism that provides a common receptor target for preventive and possibly disease-modifying therapies. Memantine (MEM) preferentially blocks eNMDARs and was approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for symptomatic treatment of moderate-to-severe AD with variable efficacy. According to the pathogenic role of eNMDARs, it is conceivable that MEM and other eNMDAR antagonists should be administered much earlier, preferably during the presymptomatic phases of AD/ADRD. This anti-AD treatment could simultaneously serve as a preconditioning strategy against stroke that attacks ≥ 50% of AD patients. Future research on the regulation of NMDARs, enduring control of eNMDARs, Ca2+ homeostasis, and downstream events will provide a promising opportunity to understand and treat the comorbidity of AD/ADRD and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan P Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Center for Visual & Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA.
| | - Michael Q Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Visual & Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Seong S Shim
- Center for Visual & Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Soheila Pourkhodadad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Visual & Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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9
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Mehra A, Gomez F, Bischof H, Diedrich D, Laudanski K. Cortical Spreading Depolarization and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia; Rethinking Secondary Neurological Injury in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9883. [PMID: 37373029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor outcomes in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) are in part due to a unique form of secondary neurological injury known as Delayed Cerebral Ischemia (DCI). DCI is characterized by new neurological insults that continue to occur beyond 72 h after the onset of the hemorrhage. Historically, it was thought to be a consequence of hypoperfusion in the setting of vasospasm. However, DCI was found to occur even in the absence of radiographic evidence of vasospasm. More recent evidence indicates that catastrophic ionic disruptions known as Cortical Spreading Depolarizations (CSD) may be the culprits of DCI. CSDs occur in otherwise healthy brain tissue even without demonstrable vasospasm. Furthermore, CSDs often trigger a complex interplay of neuroinflammation, microthrombi formation, and vasoconstriction. CSDs may therefore represent measurable and modifiable prognostic factors in the prevention and treatment of DCI. Although Ketamine and Nimodipine have shown promise in the treatment and prevention of CSDs in SAH, further research is needed to determine the therapeutic potential of these as well as other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashir Mehra
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Francisco Gomez
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Holly Bischof
- Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Diedrich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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10
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Liu H, Zhang X, Shi P, Yuan J, Jia Q, Pi C, Chen T, Xiong L, Chen J, Tang J, Yue R, Liu Z, Shen H, Zuo Y, Wei Y, Zhao L. α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: a key receptor in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway exerting an antidepressant effect. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:84. [PMID: 36973813 PMCID: PMC10041767 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common mental illness, which is related to monoamine neurotransmitters and the dysfunction of the cholinergic, immune, glutamatergic, and neuroendocrine systems. The hypothesis of monoamine neurotransmitters is one of the commonly recognized pathogenic mechanisms of depression; however, the drugs designed based on this hypothesis have not achieved good clinical results. A recent study demonstrated that depression and inflammation were strongly correlated, and the activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR)-mediated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) in the cholinergic system exhibited good therapeutic effects against depression. Therefore, anti-inflammation might be a potential direction for the treatment of depression. Moreover, it is also necessary to further reveal the key role of inflammation and α7 nAChR in the pathogenesis of depression. This review focused on the correlations between inflammation and depression as well-discussed the crucial role of α7 nAChR in the CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Liu
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- grid.469520.c0000 0004 1757 8917Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, 400065 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Shi
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiyuan Yuan
- grid.488387.8Clinical Trial Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Jia
- grid.488387.8Ethics Committee Office, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan China
| | - Chao Pi
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Linjin Xiong
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinglin Chen
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Tang
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruxu Yue
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zerong Liu
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Credit Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd., Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan China
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030 China
| | - Hongping Shen
- grid.488387.8Clinical Trial Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zuo
- grid.488387.8Department of Comprehensive Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan China
| | - Yumeng Wei
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhao
- grid.488387.8Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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11
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Seeing Neurodegeneration in a New Light Using Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Biosensors and iPSCs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021766. [PMID: 36675282 PMCID: PMC9861453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases present a progressive loss of neuronal structure and function, leading to cell death and irrecoverable brain atrophy. Most have disease-modifying therapies, in part because the mechanisms of neurodegeneration are yet to be defined, preventing the development of targeted therapies. To overcome this, there is a need for tools that enable a quantitative assessment of how cellular mechanisms and diverse environmental conditions contribute to disease. One such tool is genetically encodable fluorescent biosensors (GEFBs), engineered constructs encoding proteins with novel functions capable of sensing spatiotemporal changes in specific pathways, enzyme functions, or metabolite levels. GEFB technology therefore presents a plethora of unique sensing capabilities that, when coupled with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), present a powerful tool for exploring disease mechanisms and identifying novel therapeutics. In this review, we discuss different GEFBs relevant to neurodegenerative disease and how they can be used with iPSCs to illuminate unresolved questions about causes and risks for neurodegenerative disease.
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12
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Tucci P, Lattanzi R, Severini C, Saso L. Nrf2 Pathway in Huntington's Disease (HD): What Is Its Role? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315272. [PMID: 36499596 PMCID: PMC9739588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease that occurs worldwide. Despite some progress in understanding the onset of HD, drugs that block or delay symptoms are still not available. In recent years, many treatments have been proposed; among them, nuclear transcriptional factor-2 (Nrf2) enhancer compounds have been proposed as potential therapeutic agents to treat HD. Nrf2 triggers an endogenous antioxidant pathway activated in different neurodegenerative disorders. Probably, the stimulation of Nrf2 during either the early phase or before HD symptoms' onset, could slow or prevent striatum degeneration. In this review, we present the scientific literature supporting the role of Nrf2 in HD and the potential prophylactic and therapeutic role of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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13
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Choi JH, Chun BJ, Yeom SR, Chung SP, Lee YH, Kim YH, Lee JS, Lee JH, Lee HG, Jin JY, An CS, Gwag BJ. Rationale and methods of the Antioxidant and NMDA receptor blocker Weans Anoxic brain damage of KorEa OHCA patients (AWAKE) trial. Trials 2022; 23:587. [PMID: 35871083 PMCID: PMC9308222 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic brain injury is a major hurdle that limits the survival of resuscitated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and potential for reduction of ischemic brain injury in adult OHCA patients treated with high- or low-dose Neu2000K, a selective blocker of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) type 2B receptor and also a free radical scavenger, or given placebo. This study is a phase II, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, prospective, intention-to-treat, placebo-controlled, three-armed, safety and efficacy clinical trial. This trial is a sponsor-initiated trial supported by GNT Pharma. Successfully resuscitated OHCA patients aged 19 to 80 years would be included. The primary outcome is blood neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level on the 3rd day. The secondary outcomes are safety, efficacy defined by study drug administration within 4 h in > 90% of participants, daily NSE up to 5th day, blood S100beta, brain MRI apparent diffusion coefficient imaging, cerebral performance category (CPC), and Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 5th, 14th, and 90th days. Assuming NSE of 42 ± 80 and 80 ± 80 μg/L in the treatment (high- and low-dose Neu2000K) and control arms with 80% power, a type 1 error rate of 5%, and a 28% of withdrawal prior to the endpoint, the required sample size is 150 patients. Discussion The AWAKE trial explores a new multi-target neuroprotectant for the treatment of resuscitated OHCA patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03651557. Registered on August 29, 2018.
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14
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Wang J, Gao S, Lenahan C, Gu Y, Wang X, Fang Y, Xu W, Wu H, Pan Y, Shao A, Zhang J. Melatonin as an Antioxidant Agent in Stroke: An Updated Review. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1823-1844. [PMID: 36465183 PMCID: PMC9662272 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating disease associated with high mortality and disability worldwide, and is generally classified as ischemic or hemorrhagic, which share certain similar pathophysiological processes. Oxidative stress is a critical factor involved in stroke-induced injury, which not only directly damages brain tissue, but also enhances a series of pathological signaling cascades, contributing to inflammation, brain edema, and neuronal death. To alleviate these serious secondary brain injuries, neuroprotective agents targeting oxidative stress inhibition may serve as a promising treatment strategy. Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, and has various properties, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, circadian rhythm modulation, and promotion of tissue regeneration. Numerous animal experiments studying stroke have confirmed that melatonin exerts considerable neuroprotective effects, partially via anti-oxidative stress. In this review, we introduce the possible role of melatonin as an antioxidant in the treatment of stroke based on the latest published studies of animal experiments and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shiqi Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA.
| | - Yichen Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanbo Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Xie D, Xiong K, Su X, Wang G, Wang L, Zou Q, Zhang C, Cao Y, Liu Y, Chen YH. Memantine targets glutamate receptors in atrial cardiomyocytes to prevent and treat atrial fibrillation. Cell Discov 2022; 8:76. [PMID: 35918317 PMCID: PMC9345967 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Duanyang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuling Su
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luxin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qicheng Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuting Cao
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Edonerpic maleate regulates glutamate receptors through CRMP2- and Arc-mediated mechanisms in response to brain trauma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:95. [PMID: 35246523 PMCID: PMC8897457 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) is a key molecular mechanism of excitotoxic neuronal injury following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Edonerpic maleate is a low molecular-weight compound that was screened as a candidate neuroprotective agent. In this study, we investigated its effects on TBI and GluRs signaling. Traumatic neuronal injury (TNI) induced by scratch followed by glutamate treatment was performed to mimic TBI in vitro. Edonerpic maleate at 1 and 10 μM exerted protective activity when it was added within 2 h following injury. The protective activities were also confirmed by the reduction of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. In addition, edonerpic maleate inhibited the expression of surface NR2B, total GluR1, and surface GluR1, and mitigated the intracellular Ca2+ responses following injury in vitro. Western blot analysis showed that edonerpic maleate reduced the cleavage of collapsing response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), but increased the expression of postsynaptic protein Arc. By using gene overexpression and silencing technologies, CRMP2 was overexpressed and Arc was knockdown in cortical neurons. The results showed that the effect of edonerpic maleate on NMDA receptor expression was mediated by CRMP2, whereas the edonerpic maleate-induced AMPA receptor regulation was dependent on Arc activation. In in vivo TBI model, 30 mg/kg edonerpic maleate alleviated the TBI-induced brain edema, neuronal loss, and microglial activation, with no effect on locomotor function at 24 h. However, edonerpic maleate improves long-term neurological function after TBI. Furthermore, edonerpic maleate inhibited CRMP2 cleavage but increased Arc activation in vivo. In summary, our results identify edonerpic maleate as a clinically potent small compound with which to attenuate TBI-related brain damage through regulating GluRs signaling.
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17
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Verma M, Lizama BN, Chu CT. Excitotoxicity, calcium and mitochondria: a triad in synaptic neurodegeneration. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:3. [PMID: 35078537 PMCID: PMC8788129 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the most commonly engaged neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, acting to mediate excitatory neurotransmission. However, high levels of glutamatergic input elicit excitotoxicity, contributing to neuronal cell death following acute brain injuries such as stroke and trauma. While excitotoxic cell death has also been implicated in some neurodegenerative disease models, the role of acute apoptotic cell death remains controversial in the setting of chronic neurodegeneration. Nevertheless, it is clear that excitatory synaptic dysregulation contributes to neurodegeneration, as evidenced by protective effects of partial N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. Here, we review evidence for sublethal excitatory injuries in relation to neurodegeneration associated with Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. In contrast to classic excitotoxicity, emerging evidence implicates dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium handling in excitatory post-synaptic neurodegeneration. We discuss mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial calcium uptake and release, the impact of LRRK2, PINK1, Parkin, beta-amyloid and glucocerebrosidase on mitochondrial calcium transporters, and the role of autophagic mitochondrial loss in axodendritic shrinkage. Finally, we discuss strategies for normalizing the flux of calcium into and out of the mitochondrial matrix, thereby preventing mitochondrial calcium toxicity and excitotoxic dendritic loss. While the mechanisms that underlie increased uptake or decreased release of mitochondrial calcium vary in different model systems, a common set of strategies to normalize mitochondrial calcium flux can prevent excitatory mitochondrial toxicity and may be neuroprotective in multiple disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Verma
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.423286.90000 0004 0507 1326Present Address: Astellas Pharma Inc., 9 Technology Drive, Westborough, MA 01581 USA
| | - Britney N. Lizama
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Charleen T. Chu
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Center for Protein Conformational Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
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18
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Bentea E, De Pauw L, Verbruggen L, Winfrey LC, Deneyer L, Moore C, Albertini G, Sato H, Van Eeckhaut A, Meshul CK, Massie A. Aged xCT-Deficient Mice Are Less Susceptible for Lactacystin-, but Not 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6- Tetrahydropyridine-, Induced Degeneration of the Nigrostriatal Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:796635. [PMID: 34975413 PMCID: PMC8718610 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.796635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The astrocytic cystine/glutamate antiporter system x c - (with xCT as the specific subunit) imports cystine in exchange for glutamate and has been shown to interact with multiple pathways in the brain that are dysregulated in age-related neurological disorders, including glutamate homeostasis, redox balance, and neuroinflammation. In the current study, we investigated the effect of genetic xCT deletion on lactacystin (LAC)- and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway, as models for Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopaminergic neurons of adult xCT knock-out mice (xCT-/-) demonstrated an equal susceptibility to intranigral injection of the proteasome inhibitor LAC, as their wild-type (xCT+/+) littermates. Contrary to adult mice, aged xCT-/- mice showed a significant decrease in LAC-induced degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons, depletion of striatal dopamine (DA) and neuroinflammatory reaction, compared to age-matched xCT+/+ littermates. Given this age-related protection, we further investigated the sensitivity of aged xCT-/- mice to chronic and progressive MPTP treatment. However, in accordance with our previous observations in adult mice (Bentea et al., 2015a), xCT deletion did not confer protection against MPTP-induced nigrostriatal degeneration in aged mice. We observed an increased loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons, but equal striatal DA denervation, in MPTP-treated aged xCT-/- mice when compared to age-matched xCT+/+ littermates. To conclude, we reveal age-related protection against proteasome inhibition-induced nigrostriatal degeneration in xCT-/- mice, while xCT deletion failed to protect nigral dopaminergic neurons of aged mice against MPTP-induced toxicity. Our findings thereby provide new insights into the role of system x c - in mechanisms of dopaminergic cell loss and its interaction with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Bentea
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura De Pauw
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lise Verbruggen
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lila C Winfrey
- Neurocytology Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Services, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Lauren Deneyer
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cynthia Moore
- Neurocytology Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Services, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Giulia Albertini
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hideyo Sato
- Department of Medical Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ann Van Eeckhaut
- Research Group Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles K Meshul
- Neurocytology Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Services, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ann Massie
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Lespay-Rebolledo C, Tapia-Bustos A, Perez-Lobos R, Vio V, Casanova-Ortiz E, Farfan-Troncoso N, Zamorano-Cataldo M, Redel-Villarroel M, Ezquer F, Quintanilla ME, Israel Y, Morales P, Herrera-Marschitz M. Sustained Energy Deficit Following Perinatal Asphyxia: A Shift towards the Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (TIGAR)-Dependent Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Postnatal Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:74. [PMID: 35052577 PMCID: PMC8773255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Labor and delivery entail a complex and sequential metabolic and physiologic cascade, culminating in most circumstances in successful childbirth, although delivery can be a risky episode if oxygen supply is interrupted, resulting in perinatal asphyxia (PA). PA causes an energy failure, leading to cell dysfunction and death if re-oxygenation is not promptly restored. PA is associated with long-term effects, challenging the ability of the brain to cope with stressors occurring along with life. We review here relevant targets responsible for metabolic cascades linked to neurodevelopmental impairments, that we have identified with a model of global PA in rats. Severe PA induces a sustained effect on redox homeostasis, increasing oxidative stress, decreasing metabolic and tissue antioxidant capacity in vulnerable brain regions, which remains weeks after the insult. Catalase activity is decreased in mesencephalon and hippocampus from PA-exposed (AS), compared to control neonates (CS), in parallel with increased cleaved caspase-3 levels, associated with decreased glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activity, a shift towards the TIGAR-dependent pentose phosphate pathway, and delayed calpain-dependent cell death. The brain damage continues long after the re-oxygenation period, extending for weeks after PA, affecting neurons and glial cells, including myelination in grey and white matter. The resulting vulnerability was investigated with organotypic cultures built from AS and CS rat newborns, showing that substantia nigra TH-dopamine-positive cells from AS were more vulnerable to 1 mM of H2O2 than those from CS animals. Several therapeutic strategies are discussed, including hypothermia; N-acetylcysteine; memantine; nicotinamide, and intranasally administered mesenchymal stem cell secretomes, promising clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Lespay-Rebolledo
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Andrea Tapia-Bustos
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370149, Chile;
| | - Ronald Perez-Lobos
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Valentina Vio
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Emmanuel Casanova-Ortiz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Nancy Farfan-Troncoso
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Marta Zamorano-Cataldo
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Martina Redel-Villarroel
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - Maria Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
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Almalki AH, Naguib IA, Alshehri FS, Alghamdi BS, Alsaab HO, Althobaiti YS, Alshehri S, Abdallah FF. Application of Three Ecological Assessment Tools in Examining Chromatographic Methods for the Green Analysis of a Mixture of Dopamine, Serotonin, Glutamate and GABA: A Comparative Study. Molecules 2021; 26:5436. [PMID: 34576907 PMCID: PMC8467375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of greenness of analytical protocols is of great importance now to preserve the environment. Some studies have analyzed either only the neurotransmitters, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together or with other neurotransmitters and biomarkers. However, these methods have not been investigated for their greenness and were not compared with each other to find the optimum one. Therefore, this study aims to compare seven published chromatographic methods that analyzed the four neurotransmitters and their mixtures using the National Environmental Method Index, Analytical Eco-Scale Assessment (ESA), and Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI). As these methods cover both qualitative and quantitative aspects, they offer better transparency. Overall, GAPI showed maximum greenness throughout the analysis. Method 6 was proven to be the method of choice for analyzing the mixture, owing to its greenness, according to NEMI, ESA, and GAPI. Additionally, method 6 has a wide scope of application (13 components can be analyzed), high sensitivity (low LOQ values), and fast analysis (low retention times, especially for glutamate and GABA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiah H. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (H.O.A.); (Y.S.A.)
| | - Ibrahim A. Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad S. Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia;
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O. Alsaab
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (H.O.A.); (Y.S.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yusuf S. Althobaiti
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (H.O.A.); (Y.S.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatma F. Abdallah
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt;
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21
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Wang YT, Wang XL, Feng ST, Chen NH, Wang ZZ, Zhang Y. Novel rapid-acting glutamatergic modulators: Targeting the synaptic plasticity in depression. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105761. [PMID: 34242798 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is severely prevalent, and conventional monoaminergic antidepressants gradually exhibit low therapeutic efficiency, especially for patients with treatment-resistant depression. A neuroplasticity hypothesis is an emerging advancement in the mechanism of depression, mainly expressed in the glutamate system, e.g., glutamate receptors and signaling. Dysfunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission is currently considered to be closely associated with the pathophysiology of MDD. Biological function, pharmacological action, and signal attributes in the glutamate system both regulate the neural process. Specific functional subunits could be therapeutic targets to explore the novel glutamatergic modulators, which have fast-acting, and relatively sustained antidepressant effects. Here, the present review summarizes the pathophysiology of MDD found in the glutamate system, exploring the role of glutamate receptors and their downstream effects. These convergent mechanisms have prompted the development of other modulators targeting on glutamate system, including N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists, selective GluN2B-specific antagonists, glycine binding site agents, and regulators of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Relevant researches underly the putative mechanisms of these drugs, which reverse the damage of depression by regulating glutamatergic neurotransmission. It also provides further insight into the mechanism of depression and exploring potential targets for novel agent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiao-Le Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Si-Tong Feng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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El-Ansary A, Zayed N, Al-Ayadhi L, Qasem H, Anwar M, Meguid NA, Bhat RS, Doşa MD, Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G. GABA synaptopathy promotes the elevation of caspases 3 and 9 as pro-apoptotic markers in Egyptian patients with autism spectrum disorder. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:489-501. [PMID: 31673995 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-019-01226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by reduced social communication as well as repetitive behaviors. Many studies have proved that defective synapses in ASD influence how neurons in the brain connect and communicate with each other. Synaptopathies arise from alterations that affecting the integrity and/or functionality of synapses and can contribute to synaptic pathologies. This study investigated the GABA levels in plasma being an inhibitory neurotransmitter, caspase 3 and 9 as pro-apoptotic proteins in 20 ASD children and 20 neurotypical controls using the ELISA technique. Analysis of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) of the data that was obtained to evaluate the diagnostic value of the aforementioned evaluated biomarkers. Pearson's correlations and multiple regressions between the measured variables were also done. While GABA level was reduced in ASD patients, levels of caspases 3 and 9 were significantly higher when compared to neurotypical control participants. ROC and predictiveness curves showed that caspases 3, caspases 9, and GABA might be utilized as predictive markers in autism diagnosis. The present study indicates that the presence of GABAergic dysfunction promotes apoptosis in Egyptian ASD children. The obtained GABA synaptopathies and their connection with apoptosis can both relate to neuronal excitation, and imbalance of the inhibition system, which can be used as reliable predictive biomarkers for ASD.
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Ludhiadch A, Sharma R, Muriki A, Munshi A. Role of Calcium Homeostasis in Ischemic Stroke: A Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:52-61. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210212141232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
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Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide. It occurs due to the insufficient supply of oxygen-rich blood to the brain. It is a complex disease with multiple associated risk factors including smoking, alcoholism, age, sex, ethnicity, etc. Calcium ions are known to play a vital role in cell death pathways, which is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger during and immediately after an ischemic period. Disruption in normal calcium hemostasis is known to be a major initiator and activator of the ischemic cell death pathway. Under Ischemic stroke conditions, glutamate is released from the neurons and glia which further activates the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and triggers the rapid translocation of Ca2+ from extracellular to intracellular spaces in cerebral tissues and vice versa. Various studies indicated that Ca2+ could have harmful effects on neurons under acute ischemic conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction also contributes to delayed neuronal death, and it was established decades ago that massive calcium accumulation triggers mitochondrial damage. Elevated Ca2+ levels cause mitochondria to swell and release their contents. As a result oxidative stress and mitochondrial calcium accumulation activate mitochondrial permeability transition and lead to depolarization-coupled production of reactive oxygen species. This association between calcium levels and mitochondrial death suggests that elevated calcium levels might have a role in the neurological outcome in ischemic stroke. Previous studies have also reported that elevated Ca2+ levels play a role in the determination of infarct size, outcome, and recurrence of ischemic stroke. The current review has been compiled to understand the multidimensional role of altered Ca2+ levels in the initiation and alteration of neuronal death after ischemic attack. The underlying mechanisms understood to date have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Ludhiadch
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001, India
| | - Aishwarya Muriki
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001, India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001, India
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Al-Dbass A, Amina M, Al Musayeib NM, El-Anssary AA, Bhat RS, Fahmy R, Alhamdan MM, El-Ansary A. Lepidium sativum as candidate against excitotoxicity in retinal ganglion cells. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:247-259. [PMID: 34141454 PMCID: PMC8178586 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity is considered one of the major causes of retinal ganglion cell death in many retinal diseases. Retinal ganglion cell degeneration causes severe blindness since visual signals from the eye to the brain are conducted only through retinal ganglion cells. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the potential ameliorative effects of L. sativum against glutamate excitotoxicity-induced retinal ganglion cell damage. METHODS Pure retinal ganglion cells were divided into a control group (untreated); L. sativum-treated groups in which retinal ganglion cells were treated with 5, 10, 50, or 100 µg/mL L. sativum seed extract for 2 h; glutamate-treated groups in which cells were treated with 5, 10, 50, or 100 µM glutamate for 48 h; and L. sativum/glutamate groups [pretreatment with L. sativum for 2 h (50 or 100 µg/mL) before glutamate treatment at 100 µM for 48 h]. Cell damage was assessed by comet assay and cell viability was by MTT test. RESULTS Tailed DNA, tail length, and tail moment of the 50 and 100 mM glutamate-treated groups were significantly greater than those of the blank control group, while the L. sativum-treated groups demonstrated nonsignificantly different tailed DNA, tail length, and tail moment compared with the blank control group, but significantly lower values compared with the glutamate-treated groups. CONCLUSION L. sativum ameliorated the cell viability in retinal ganglion cells after high-concentration glutamate exposure. L. sativum seed extracts were efficient anti-excitotoxic and antioxidant agent that might improve the clinical presentation of many neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al-Dbass
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musarat Amina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal M. Al Musayeib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Fahmy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Engin A, Engin AB. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Signaling-Protein Kinases Crosstalk in Cerebral Ischemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:259-283. [PMID: 33539019 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Although stroke is very often the cause of death worldwide, the burden of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke varies between regions and over time regarding differences in prognosis, prevalence of risk factors, and treatment strategies. Excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization, sequentially lead to the progressive death of neurons. In this process, protein kinases-related checkpoints tightly regulate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling pathways. One of the major hallmarks of cerebral ischemia is excitotoxicity, characterized by overactivation of glutamate receptors leading to intracellular Ca2+ overload and ultimately neuronal death. Thus, reduced expression of postsynaptic density-95 protein and increased protein S-nitrosylation in neurons is responsible for neuronal vulnerability in cerebral ischemia. In this chapter death-associated protein kinases, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced protein kinases, hyperhomocysteinemia-related NMDA receptor overactivation, ephrin-B-dependent amplification of NMDA-evoked neuronal excitotoxicity and lysosomocentric hypothesis have been discussed.Consequently, ample evidences have demonstrated that enhancing extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activity triggers cell death after stroke. In this context, considering the dual roles of NMDA receptors in both promoting neuronal survival and mediating neuronal damage, selective augmentation of NR2A-containing NMDA receptor activation in the presence of NR2B antagonist may constitute a promising therapy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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26
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Jarero-Basulto JJ, Rivera-Cervantes MC, Gasca-Martínez D, García-Sierra F, Gasca-Martínez Y, Beas-Zárate C. Current Evidence on the Protective Effects of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin and Its Molecular Variants against Pathological Hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120424. [PMID: 33255969 PMCID: PMC7760199 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence in the literature demonstrates the pleiotropic effects of the administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) and its molecular variants in different tissues and organs, including the brain. Some of these reports suggest that the chemical properties of this molecule by itself or in combination with other agents (e.g., growth factors) could provide the necessary pharmacological characteristics to be considered a potential protective agent in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is a degenerative disorder of the brain, characterized by an aberrant accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (tau-p) proteins in the extracellular and intracellular space, respectively, leading to inflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and other neuronal alterations that compromise cell viability, causing neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. Unfortunately, to date, it lacks an effective therapeutic strategy for its treatment. Therefore, in this review, we analyze the evidence regarding the effects of exogenous EPOs (rhEPO and its molecular variants) in several in vivo and in vitro Aβ and tau-p models of AD-type neurodegeneration, to be considered as an alternative protective treatment to this condition. Particularly, we focus on analyzing the differential effect of molecular variants of rhEPO when changes in doses, route of administration, duration of treatment or application times, are evaluated for the improved cellular alterations generated in this disease. This narrative review shows the evidence of the effectiveness of the exogenous EPOs as potential therapeutic molecules, focused on the mechanisms that establish cellular damage and clinical manifestation in the AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J. Jarero-Basulto
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45220, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.J.J.-B.); (M.C.R.-C.); Tel.: +52-33-37771150 ((J.J.J.-B. & M.C.R.-C.)
| | - Martha C. Rivera-Cervantes
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45220, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.J.J.-B.); (M.C.R.-C.); Tel.: +52-33-37771150 ((J.J.J.-B. & M.C.R.-C.)
| | - Deisy Gasca-Martínez
- Behavioral Analysis Unit, Neurobiology Institute, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Francisco García-Sierra
- Department of Cell Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico;
| | - Yadira Gasca-Martínez
- Development and Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45220, Mexico; (Y.G.-M.); (C.B.-Z.)
| | - Carlos Beas-Zárate
- Development and Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45220, Mexico; (Y.G.-M.); (C.B.-Z.)
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Ko YH, Kim SK, Lee SY, Jang CG. Flavonoids as therapeutic candidates for emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:1128-1143. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Chen B, Zhao J, Zhang R, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Yang H, An J. Neuroprotective effects of natural compounds on neurotoxin-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:1078-1099. [PMID: 33164705 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1840035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overproduction of reactive species, notably reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species, along with the failure of balancing effects of endogenous antioxidant defenses result in destruction of cellular structures, lipids, proteins, and genetic material, which lead to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis plays a pivotal role in pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. Antioxidants represent one of the medical choice strategies for protecting against this unbalanced oxidation-antioxidation status. Recently, natural compounds with neuroprotective potential that can scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage have received extensive attention. METHODS In this review, we summarized the detailed research progress on the medicinal plants-derived natural compounds with potential anti-oxidation effects and their molecular mechanisms on modulating the neurotoxin (6-OHDA, H2O2, glutamate, Aβ)-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. RESULTS The natural compounds that efficacious in modulating reactive species production and mitochondrial function include flavonoids, glucosides, alkaloids, polyphenols, lignans, coumarins, terpenoids, quinones and others. They decreased the neurotoxin-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis by (1) decreasing ROS/RNS generation, lipid peroxidation, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities, LDH release, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, Ca2+ influx and cytochrome c release, (2) elevating MMP, and (3) restoring endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT, GSH-Px, GSR, SOD). And they exerted neuroprotective effects against cell damages and apoptosis by modulating the oxidative cascades of different signaling pathways (Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, GSK-3β) and preventing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways. DISCUSSION The present work reviews the role of oxidative stress in neurodegeneration, highlighting the potential anti-oxidation effects of natural compounds as a promising approach to develop innovative neuroprotective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing An
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
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Wang YX, Xia ZH, Jiang X, Li LX, Wang HG, An D, Liu YQ. Genistein inhibits amyloid peptide 25-35-induced neuronal death by modulating estrogen receptors, choline acetyltransferase and glutamate receptors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 693:108561. [PMID: 32857999 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore genistein, the most active component of soy isoflavones, on viability, expression of estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and glutamate receptor subunits in amyloid peptide 25-35-induced hippocampal neurons, providing valuable data and basic information for neuroprotective effect of genistein in Aβ25-35-induced neuronal injury. METHODS We established an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease by exposing primary hippocampal neurons of newborn rats to amyloid peptide 25-35 (20 μM) for 24 h and observing the effects of genistein (10 μM, 3 h) on viability, expression of ER subtypes, ChAT, NMDA receptor subunit NR2B and AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 in Aβ25-35-induced hippocampal neurons. RESULTS We found that amyloid peptide 25-35 exposure reduced the viability of hippocampal neurons. Meanwhile, amyloid peptide 25-35 exposure decreased the expression of ER subtypes, ChAT and GluR2, and increased the expression of NR2B. Genistein at least partially reversed the effects of amyloid peptide 25-35 in hippocampal neurons. CONCLUSION Genistein could increase the expression of ChAT as a consequence of activating estrogen receptor subtypes, modulating the expression of NR2B and GluR2, and thereby ameliorating the status of hippocampal neurons and exerting neuroprotective effects against amyloid peptide 25-35. Our data suggest that genistein might represent a potential cell-targeted therapy which could be a promising approach to treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Wang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Zhen-Hong Xia
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Di An
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan-Qiang Liu
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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30
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Saft M, Gonzales-Portillo B, Park YJ, Cozene B, Sadanandan N, Cho J, Garbuzova-Davis S, Borlongan CV. Stem Cell Repair of the Microvascular Damage in Stroke. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092075. [PMID: 32932814 PMCID: PMC7563611 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a life-threatening disease that leads to mortality, with survivors subjected to long-term disability. Microvascular damage is implicated as a key pathological feature, as well as a therapeutic target for stroke. In this review, we present evidence detailing subacute diaschisis in a focal ischemic stroke rat model with a focus on blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and related pathogenic processes in contralateral brain areas. Additionally, we discuss BBB competence in chronic diaschisis in a similar rat stroke model, highlighting the pathological changes in contralateral brain areas that indicate progressive morphological brain disturbances overtime after stroke onset. With diaschisis closely approximating stroke onset and progression, it stands as a treatment of interest for stroke. Indeed, the use of stem cell transplantation for the repair of microvascular damage has been investigated, demonstrating that bone marrow stem cells intravenously transplanted into rats 48 h post-stroke survive and integrate into the microvasculature. Ultrastructural analysis of transplanted stroke brains reveals that microvessels display a near-normal morphology of endothelial cells and their mitochondria. Cell-based therapeutics represent a new mechanism in BBB and microvascular repair for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - You Jeong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (Y.J.P.); (J.C.); (S.G.-D.)
| | | | | | - Justin Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (Y.J.P.); (J.C.); (S.G.-D.)
| | - Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (Y.J.P.); (J.C.); (S.G.-D.)
| | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (Y.J.P.); (J.C.); (S.G.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +813-974-3988
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31
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Yang Y, Gao L, Niu Y, Li X, Liu W, Jiang X, Liu Y, Zhao Q. Kukoamine A Protects against NMDA-Induced Neurotoxicity Accompanied with Down-Regulation of GluN2B-Containing NMDA Receptors and Phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway in Cultured Primary Cortical Neurons. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2703-2711. [PMID: 32892226 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Kukoamine (KuA) is a spermine alkaloid present in traditional Chinese medicine Cortex Lycii radices, which possesses various pharmacological properties. Our previous studies have demonstrated that KuA exerts neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative stress, radiation-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis, as well as neurotoxin-induced Parkinson's disease through apoptosis inhibition and autophagy enhancement. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of KuA against NMDA-induced neuronal injury in cultured primary cortical neurons and explore the underlying mechanism. Incubation with 200 μM NMDA for 30 min induced excitotoxicity in primary cultured cortical neurons. The results demonstrated that pretreatment with KuA attenuated NMDA induced cell injury, LDH leakage and neuronal apoptosis. KuA also regulated apoptosis-related proteins. Thus, incubation with the alkaloid decreased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and inhibited the release of cytochrome C, the expression of p53 and the cleavage of caspase-3. Moreover, KuA prevented the upregulation of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors (NMDAR). Additionally, pretreatment with KuA reversed NMDA-induced dephosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β and the protective effect of KuA on NMDA-induced cytotoxicity was abolished by wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor. Taken together, these results indicated that KuA exerted neuroprotective effects against NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in cultural primary cortical neurons and caused the down-regulation of GluN2B-containing NMDARs as well as the phosphorylation of proteins belonging to the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Military Area, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyue Gao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Niu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Military Area, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwu Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Military Area, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Military Area, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Military Area, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Military Area, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Wang J, Swanson RA. Superoxide and Non-ionotropic Signaling in Neuronal Excitotoxicity. Front Neurosci 2020; 4:861. [PMID: 33013314 PMCID: PMC7497801 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is classically attributed to Ca2+ influx through NMDA receptors (NMDAr), leading to production of nitric oxide by neuronal nitric oxide synthase and superoxide by mitochondria, which react to form highly cytotoxic peroxynitrite. More recent observations warrant revision of the classic view and help to explain some otherwise puzzling aspects of excitotoxic cell injury. Studies using pharmacological and genetic approaches show that superoxide produced by NMDAr activation originates primarily from NADPH oxidase rather than from mitochondria. As NADPH oxidase is localized to the plasma membrane, this also provides an explanation for the extracellular release of superoxide and cell-to-cell “spread” of excitotoxic injury observed in vitro and in vivo. The signaling pathway linking NMDAr to NADPH oxidase involves Ca2+ influx, phosphoinositol-3-kinase, and protein kinase Cζ, and interventions at any of these steps can prevent superoxide production and excitotoxic injury. Ca2+ influx specifically through NMDAr is normally required to induce excitotoxicity, through a mechanism presumed to involve privileged Ca2+ access to local signaling domains. However, experiments using selective blockade of the NMDAr ion channel and artificial reconstitution of Ca2+ by other routes indicate that the special effects of NMDAr activation are attributable instead to concurrent non-ionotropic NMDAr signaling by agonist binding to NMDAr. The non-ionotropic signaling driving NADPH oxidase activation is mediated in part by phosphoinositol-3-kinase binding to the C-terminal domain of GluN2B receptor subunits. These more recently identified aspects of excitotoxicity expand our appreciation of the complexity of excitotoxic processes and suggest novel approaches for limiting neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Raymond A Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
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33
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Jegal HG, Park HJ, Kim JW, Yang SG, Kim MJ, Koo DB. Ruthenium red improves blastocyst developmental competence by regulating mitochondrial Ca 2+ and mitochondrial functions in fertilized porcine oocytes in vitro. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:377-386. [PMID: 32321875 PMCID: PMC7470902 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2020-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium red (RR) inhibits calcium (Ca2+) entry from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria, and is involved in maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis in mammalian
cells. Ca2+ homeostasis is very important for further embryonic development of fertilized oocytes. However, the effect of RR on mitochondria-Ca2+
(mito-Ca2+) levels during in vitro fertilization (IVF) on subsequent blastocyst developmental capacity in porcine is unclear. The present study
explored the regulation of mito-Ca2+ levels using RR and/or histamine in fertilized oocytes and their influence on blastocyst developmental capacity in pigs. Red
fluorescence intensity by the mito-Ca2+ detection dye Rhod-2 was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in zygotes 6 h after IVF compared to mature oocytes. Based on
these results, we investigated the changes in mito-Ca2+ by RR (10 and 20 μM) in presumptive zygotes using Rhod-2 staining and mito-Ca2+ uptake 1 (MICU1)
protein levels as an indicator of mito-Ca2+ uptake using western blot analysis. As expected, RR-treated zygotes displayed decreased protein levels of MICU1 and Rhod-2
red fluorescence intensity compared to non-treated zygotes 6 h after IVF. Blastocyst development rate of 20 μM RR-treated zygotes was significantly increased 6 h after IVF (P <
0.05) due to improved mitochondrial functions. Conversely, the blastocyst development rate was significantly decreased in histamine (mito-Ca2+ inhibitor, 100 nM) treated
zygotes (P < 0.05). The collective results demonstrate that RR improves blastocyst development in porcine embryos by regulating mito-Ca2+ and MICU1 expression
following IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Geun Jegal
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Bon Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
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Building a Bridge Between NMDAR-Mediated Excitotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic and Acute Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:1413-1430. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Sun T, Luo L, Tian QQ, Wang WJ, Liu QQ, Yang L, Zhang K, Zhang W, Zhao MG, Yang Q. Anxiolytic Effects of 8-O-Acetyl Shanzhiside Methylester on Acute and Chronic Anxiety via Inflammatory Response Inhibition and Excitatory/Inhibitory Transmission Imbalance. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:979-991. [PMID: 32367473 PMCID: PMC7591445 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety leads to a global decline in quality of life and increase in social burden. However, treatments are limited, because the molecular mechanisms underlying complex emotional disorders are poorly understood. We explored the anxiolytic effects of 8-O-acetyl shanzhiside methylester (8-OaS), an active component in Lamiophlomis rotata (L. rotata; Benth.) or Kudo, a traditional herb that has been shown to be effective in the clinical treatment of chronic pain syndromes in China. Two mouse anxiety models were used: forced swimming stress (FSS)–induced anxiety and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)–induced chronic inflammatory pain. All animal behaviors were analyzed on the elevated plus maze and in the open-field test. 8-OaS significantly ameliorated anxiety-like behaviors in both anxiety models and inhibited the translation enhancement of GluN2A, GluN2B, and PSD95. Moreover, a reduction in GABA receptors disrupted the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), indicated by increased excitatory and decreased inhibitory presynaptic release. 8-OaS also blocked microglia activation and reduced the phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), NF-κB p65, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the BLA of anxiety mice. 8-OaS exhibits obvious anxiolytic effects by regulating the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) synaptic transmission and attenuating inflammatory responses in the BLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Luo
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Qin Tian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wen-Ju Wang
- Student Brigade, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qing-Qing Liu
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Yang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ming-Gao Zhao
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Yang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Zhang X, Wang D, Zhang B, Zhu J, Zhou Z, Cui L. Regulation of microglia by glutamate and its signal pathway in neurodegenerative diseases. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1074-1085. [PMID: 32320851 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are an essential component of the central nervous system (CNS) and are involved in the primary response to microorganisms, neuroinflammation, homeostasis, and tissue regeneration, as well as contributing to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Research has shown that microglial diversity, multifunctionality, and their relationship with glutamate are crucial to determining their roles in these diseases. In this review, we focus on recent progress in determining microglial characteristics and the role of glutamate and its receptors in microglia regulation, which could be a novel therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Zhulin Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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37
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Vieira M, Yong XLH, Roche KW, Anggono V. Regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor functions by the GluN2 subunits. J Neurochem 2020; 154:121-143. [PMID: 31978252 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ionotropic glutamate receptors that mediate the flux of calcium (Ca2+ ) into the post-synaptic compartment. Ca2+ influx subsequently triggers the activation of various intracellular signalling cascades that underpin multiple forms of synaptic plasticity. Functional NMDARs are assembled as heterotetramers composed of two obligatory GluN1 subunits and two GluN2 or GluN3 subunits. Four different GluN2 subunits (GluN2A-D) are present throughout the central nervous system; however, they are differentially expressed, both developmentally and spatially, in a cell- and synapse-specific manner. Each GluN2 subunit confers NMDARs with distinct ion channel properties and intracellular trafficking pathways. Regulated membrane trafficking of NMDARs is a dynamic process that ultimately determines the number of NMDARs at synapses, and is controlled by subunit-specific interactions with various intracellular regulatory proteins. Here we review recent progress made towards understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the trafficking of GluN2-containing NMDARs, focusing on the roles of several key synaptic proteins that interact with NMDARs via their carboxyl termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vieira
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xuan Ling Hilary Yong
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Katherine W Roche
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victor Anggono
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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38
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Ruiz A, Quintela-López T, Sánchez-Gómez MV, Gaminde-Blasco A, Alberdi E, Matute C. Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 disrupts oligodendrocyte Ca 2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial function. Glia 2020; 68:1743-1756. [PMID: 32060978 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission mediated by cytosolic dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) is essential for mitochondrial quality control but may contribute to apoptosis as well. Blockade of Drp1 with mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (mdivi-1) provides neuroprotection in several models of neurodegeneration and cerebral ischemia and has emerged as a promising therapeutic drug. In oligodendrocytes, overactivation of AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPARs) induces intracellular Ca2+ overload and excitotoxic death that contributes to demyelinating diseases. Mitochondria are key to Ca2+ homeostasis, however it is unclear how it is disrupted during oligodendroglial excitotoxicity. In the current study, we have analyzed mitochondrial dynamics during AMPAR activation and the effects of mdivi-1 on excitotoxicity in optic nerve-derived oligodendrocytes. Sublethal AMPAR activation triggered Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission, whereas toxic AMPAR activation produced Drp1-independent mitochondrial swelling. Accordingly, mdivi-1 efficiently inhibited Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and did not prevent oligodendrocyte excitotoxicity. Unexpectedly, mdivi-1 also induced mitochondrial depolarization, ER Ca2+ depletion and modulation of AMPA-induced Ca2+ signaling. These off-target effects of mdivi-1 sensitized oligodendrocytes to excitotoxicity and ER stress and eventually produced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Interestingly, in cultured astrocytes mdivi-1 induced nondetrimental mitochondrial depolarization and oxidative stress that did not cause toxicity or sensitization to apoptotic stimuli. In summary, our results provide evidence of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission during activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors in oligodendrocytes, and uncover a deleterious and Drp1-independent effect of mdivi-1 on mitochondrial and ER function in these cells. These off-target effects of mdivi-1 limit its therapeutic potential and should be taken into account in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Ruiz
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Tania Quintela-López
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - María V Sánchez-Gómez
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Adhara Gaminde-Blasco
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Elena Alberdi
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
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39
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Hotka M, Cagalinec M, Hilber K, Hool L, Boehm S, Kubista H. L-type Ca 2+ channel-mediated Ca 2+ influx adjusts neuronal mitochondrial function to physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Sci Signal 2020; 13:eaaw6923. [PMID: 32047116 PMCID: PMC7116774 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw6923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) are implicated in neurodegenerative processes and cell death. Accordingly, LTCC antagonists have been proposed to be neuroprotective, although this view is disputed, because intentional LTCC activation can also have beneficial effects. LTCC-mediated Ca2+ influx influences mitochondrial function, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell viability. Hence, we investigated the effect of modulating LTCC-mediated Ca2+ influx on mitochondrial function in cultured hippocampal neurons. To activate LTCCs, neuronal activity was stimulated by increasing extracellular K+ or by application of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline. The activity of LTCCs was altered by application of an agonistic (Bay K8644) or an antagonistic (isradipine) dihydropyridine. Our results demonstrated that activation of LTCC-mediated Ca2+ influx affected mitochondrial function in a bimodal manner. At moderate stimulation strength, ATP synthase activity was enhanced, an effect that involved Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. In contrast, high LTCC-mediated Ca2+ loads led to a switch in ATP synthase activity to reverse-mode operation. This effect, which required nitric oxide, helped to prevent mitochondrial depolarization and sustained increases in mitochondrial Ca2+ Our findings indicate a complex role of LTCC-mediated Ca2+ influx in the tuning and maintenance of mitochondrial function. Therefore, the use of LTCC inhibitors to protect neurons from neurodegeneration should be reconsidered carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Hotka
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michal Cagalinec
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Cellular Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50 411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karlheinz Hilber
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Livia Hool
- School of Human Sciences (Physiology), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Stefan Boehm
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Kubista
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Moldavski A, Behr J, Bading H, Bengtson CP. A novel method using ambient glutamate for the electrophysiological quantification of extrasynaptic NMDA receptor function in acute brain slices. J Physiol 2020; 598:633-650. [PMID: 31876958 DOI: 10.1113/jp278362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS We present a novel protocol to quantify extrasynaptic NMDA receptor function utilizing the semi-selective activation of extrasynaptic receptors by ambient extracellular glutamate in acute brain slices from adult rats. We use whole cell patch clamp to measure the effect of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 on both synaptic and brief, local agonist application-evoked responses. The level of ambient glutamate was estimated from tonic NMDA receptor activity to be ∼77 nM and an equivalent concentration of NMDA was used to estimate the degree of extrasynaptic blockade (>82%) by our MK-801 protocol. The extrasynaptic component of the total NMDA receptor pool can be mathematically derived from these data and was estimated to be 29-39% in the stratum radiatum of the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. This technique could be used to quantify extrasynaptic NMDA receptor function in rodent models of diseases where extrasynaptic NMDA receptors are implicated in neuron death. ABSTRACT Synaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs) play a central role in pro-survival signalling and synaptic plasticity in the majority of excitatory synapses in the central nervous system whereas extrasynaptic NMDARs (ES-NMDARs) activate pro-death pathways and have been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. ES-NMDARs have been characterized in acute brain slice preparations using the largely irreversible, activity-dependent NMDAR antagonist MK-801 to block synaptic NMDARs. This approach is limited by the concomitant MK-801 blockade of ES-NMDARs activated by ambient extracellular glutamate, which is largely absent from the synaptic cleft due to the high density of nearby glutamate transporters. In acute hippocampal slices from rats aged 35-42 postnatal days, we estimated ambient glutamate to be 72-83 nM resulting in a block of more than 82% of ES-NMDARs during a 5 min MK-801 application. This paper describes a novel electrophysiological and mathematical method to quantify the proportion of NMDARs located at extrasynaptic locations in a confined region of an acute brain slice preparation using MK-801 to preferentially block ES-NMDARs. The protocol uses whole cell patch clamp measurement of NMDAR responses to synaptic stimulation and brief local pressure application of NMDA before and after MK-801 application. After mathematically correcting for the relative block of both synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors, ES-NMDARs were estimated to comprise 29-39% of the total NMDAR pool in the apical dendrites of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. This new method may prove useful for accurate quantification of NMDAR distributions in neurodegenerative diseases that are associated with increased toxic ES-NMDAR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Moldavski
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane (MHB), Neuruppin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Behr
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane (MHB), Neuruppin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Peter Bengtson
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Djemil S, Chen X, Zhang Z, Lee J, Rauf M, Pak DTS, Dzakpasu R. Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors induces potentiation and synchronization within in vitro hippocampal networks. J Neurochem 2019; 153:468-484. [PMID: 31821553 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are known to play a role in cognitive functions of the hippocampus, such as memory consolidation. Given that they conduct Ca2+ and are capable of regulating the release of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) within the hippocampus, thereby shifting the excitatory-inhibitory ratio, we hypothesized that the activation of nAChRs will result in the potentiation of hippocampal networks and alter synchronization. We used nicotine as a tool to investigate the impact of activation of nAChRs on neuronal network dynamics in primary embryonic rat hippocampal cultures prepared from timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. We perturbed cultured hippocampal networks with increasing concentrations of bath-applied nicotine and performed network extracellular recordings of action potentials using a microelectrode array. We found that nicotine modulated network dynamics in a concentration-dependent manner; it enhanced firing of action potentials as well as facilitated bursting activity. In addition, we used pharmacological agents to determine the contributions of discrete nAChR subtypes to the observed network dynamics. We found that β4-containing nAChRs are necessary for the observed increases in spiking, bursting, and synchrony, while the activation of α7 nAChRs augments nicotine-mediated network potentiation but is not necessary for its manifestation. We also observed that antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) partially blocked the effects of nicotine. Furthermore, nicotine exposure promoted autophosphorylation of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and serine 831 phosphorylation of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunit GluA1. These results suggest that nicotinic receptors induce potentiation and synchronization of hippocampal networks and glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Findings from this work highlight the impact of cholinergic signaling in generating network-wide potentiation in the form of enhanced spiking and bursting dynamics that coincide with molecular correlates of memory such as increased phosphorylation of CaMKII and GluA1. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Djemil
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ziyue Zhang
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jisoo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mikael Rauf
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel T S Pak
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rhonda Dzakpasu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Tobore TO. Towards a comprehensive etiopathogenetic and pathophysiological theory of multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:279-300. [PMID: 31588832 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1677648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by dysfunction of the immune system that affects the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by demyelination, chronic inflammation, neuronal and oligodendrocyte loss and reactive astrogliosis. It can result in physical disability and acute neurological and cognitive problems. Despite the gains in knowledge of immunology, cell biology, and genetics in the last five decades, the ultimate etiology or specific elements that trigger MS remain unknown. The objective of this review is to propose a theoretical basis for MS etiopathogenesis.Methods: Search was done by accessing PubMed/Medline, EBSCO, and PsycINFO databases. The search string used was "(multiple sclerosis* OR EAE) AND (pathophysiology* OR etiopathogenesis)". The electronic databases were searched for titles or abstracts containing these terms in all published articles between January 1, 1960, and June 30, 2019. The search was filtered down to 362 articles which were included in this review.Results: A framework to better understand the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of MS can be derived from four essential factors; mitochondria dysfunction (MtD) & oxidative stress (OS), vitamin D (VD), sex hormones and thyroid hormones. These factors play a direct role in MS etiopathogenesis and have a modulatory effect on many other factors involved in the disease.Conclusions: For better MS prevention and treatment outcomes, efforts should be geared towards treating thyroid problems, sex hormone alterations, VD deficiency, sleep problems and melatonin alterations. MS patients should be encouraged to engage in activities that boost total antioxidant capacity (TAC) including diet and regular exercise and discouraged from activities that promote OS including smoking and alcohol consumption.
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Gomes FV, Zhu X, Grace AA. Stress during critical periods of development and risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 213:107-113. [PMID: 30711313 PMCID: PMC6667322 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with genetic predisposition, and stress has long been linked to its etiology. While stress affects all stages of the illness, increasing evidence suggests that stress during critical periods of development may be particularly detrimental, increasing individual's vulnerability to psychosis. To thoroughly understand the potential causative role of stress, our group has been focusing on the prenatal methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) rodent model, and discovered that MAM offspring display abnormal stress reactivity and heightened anxiety prepubertally, prior to the manifestation of a hyperdopaminergic state. Furthermore, pharmacologically treating anxiety during prepuberty prevented the emergence of the dopamine dysfunction in adulthood. Interestingly, sufficiently strong stressors applied to normal rats selectively during early development can recapitulate multiple schizophrenia-related phenotypes of MAM rats, whereas the same stress paradigm during adulthood only produced short-term depression-related deficits. Altogether, the evidence is thus converging: developmental disruption (genetic or environmental) might render animals more susceptible to the deleterious effects of stress during critical time windows, during which unregulated stress can lead to the emergence of psychosis later in life. As an important region regulating the midbrain dopamine system, the ventral hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to stress, and the distinct maturational profile of its fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons may largely underlie such vulnerability. In this review, by discussing emerging evidence spanning clinical and basic science studies, we propose developmental stress vulnerability as a novel link between early predispositions and environmental triggering events in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This promising line of research can potentially provide not only insights into the etiology, but also a "roadmap" for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony A. Grace
- Corresponding author: Dr. Anthony A. Grace - Department of Neuroscience, A210 Langley Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA. Phone: +1 412 624 4609.
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Tobore TO. On elucidation of the role of mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ncn3.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Garzón F, Coimbra D, Parcerisas A, Rodriguez Y, García JC, Soriano E, Rama R. NeuroEPO Preserves Neurons from Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 65:1469-1483. [PMID: 30175978 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many experimental studies show that erythropoietin (EPO) has a neuroprotective action in the brain. EPO in acute and chronic neurological disorders, particularly in stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, has neuroprotective effects. We previously reported the neuroprotective effect of NeuroEPO, a low sialic form of EPO, against oxidative stress induced by glutamate excitotoxicity. In this paper, we analyze the effect of NeuroEPO against apoptosis induced by glutamate excitotoxicity in primary neuronal cultures obtained from the forebrains of Wistar rat embryos after 17 days of gestation. Excitotoxicity was induced after nine days of in vitro culture by treatment with a culture medium containing 100μM glutamate for 15 min. To withdraw glutamate, a new medium containing 100 ng NeuroEPO/mL was added. Apoptosis was analyzed after 24 h. Images obtained by phase contrast microscopy show that neurons treated with glutamate exhibit cell body shrinkage, loss of dendrites that do not make contact with neighboring cells, and that NeuroEPO was able to preserve the morphological characteristics of the control. Immunocytochemistry images show that the culture is essentially pure in neurons; that glutamate causes cell mortality, and that this is partially avoided when the culture medium is supplemented with NeuroEPO. Activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathways was analyzed. The decreases in Bcl-2/Bax ratio, increase in the release of cytochrome c, and in the expression and activity of caspase-3 observed in cells treated with glutamate, were restored by NeuroEPO. The results from this study show that NeuroEPO protects cortical neurons from glutamate-induced apoptosis via upregulation of Bcl-2 and inhibit glutamate-induced activation of caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Garzón
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, University of Nariño, Colombia
| | - Débora Coimbra
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Parcerisas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yamila Rodriguez
- Department of Histology, Institute of Preclinical and Basic Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Havana, Cuba.,Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Julio Cesar García
- Department of Histology, Institute of Preclinical and Basic Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Havana, Cuba.,National Center for Animals Breeding (Cenpalab), Havana, Cuba
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Barcelona, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Rama
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Silva GM, Barcelos MP, Poiani JGC, Hage-Melim LIDS, da Silva CHTDP. Allosteric Modulators of Potential Targets Related to Alzheimer's Disease: a Review. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1467-1483. [PMID: 31310701 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Among neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, and there is an urgent need to discover new and efficacious forms of treatment for it. Pathological patterns of AD include cholinergic dysfunction, increased β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide concentration, the appearance of neurofibrillary tangles, among others, all of which are strongly associated with specific biological targets. Interactions observed between these targets and potential drug candidates in AD most often occur by competitive mechanisms driven by orthosteric ligands that sometimes result in the production of side effects. In this context, the allosteric mechanism represents a key strategy; this can be regarded as the selective modulation of such targets by allosteric modulators in an advantageous manner, as this may decrease the likelihood of side effects. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of compounds that act as allosteric modulators of the main biological targets related to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Martins Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14090-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pegrucci Barcelos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14090-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Gabriel Curtolo Poiani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lorane Izabel da Silva Hage-Melim
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, KM-02, 68903-419, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Tomich de Paula da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14090-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is a member of the Stat family of proteins involved in signaling in many different cell types, including osteocytes. Osteocytes are considered major mechanosensing cells in bone due to their intricate dendritic networks able to sense changes in physical force and to orchestrate the response of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. We examined the role of Stat3 in osteocytes by generating mice lacking Stat3 in these cells using the Dmp-1(8kb)-Cre promoter (Stat3cKO mice). Compared to age-matched littermate controls, Stat3cKO mice of either sex (18 weeks old) exhibit reduced bone formation indices, decreased osteoblasts and increased osteoclasts, and altered material properties, without detectable changes in bone mineral density (BMD) or content of either trabecular or cortical bone. In addition, Stat3cKO mice of either sex show significantly decreased load-induced bone formation. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of Stat3 in osteocytes in vitro with WP1066 blocked the increase in cytosolic calcium induced by ATP, a mediator of the cellular responses to sheer stress. WP1066 also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cultured MLO-Y4 osteocytes. These data demonstrate that Stat3 is a critical mediator of mechanical signals received by osteocytes and suggest that osteocytic Stat3 is a potential therapeutic target to stimulate bone anabolism.
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Tobore TO. Towards a comprehensive understanding of the contributions of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Huntington's disease. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1455-1468. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Arai M, Imamura O, Kondoh N, Dateki M, Takishima K. Neuronal Ca2+‐dependent activator protein 1 (NCDAP1) induces neuronal cell death by activating p53 pathway following traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2019; 151:795-809. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Arai
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Osamu Imamura
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Nobuo Kondoh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry Asahi University School of Dentistry Mizuho Japan
| | - Minori Dateki
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Kunio Takishima
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
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50
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Pham TH, Gardier AM. Fast-acting antidepressant activity of ketamine: highlights on brain serotonin, glutamate, and GABA neurotransmission in preclinical studies. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:58-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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