1
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Ahn Y, Park JH. Novel Potential Therapeutic Targets in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease from the Perspective of Cell Polarity and Fibrosis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:291-300. [PMID: 38589290 PMCID: PMC11063481 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a congenital genetic disorder, is a notable contributor to the prevalence of chronic kidney disease worldwide. Despite the absence of a complete cure, ongoing research aims for early diagnosis and treatment. Although agents such as tolvaptan and mTOR inhibitors have been utilized, their effectiveness in managing the disease during its initial phase has certain limitations. This review aimed to explore new targets for the early diagnosis and treatment of ADPKD, considering ongoing developments. We particularly focus on cell polarity, which is a key factor that influences the process and pace of cyst formation. In addition, we aimed to identify agents or treatments that can prevent or impede the progression of renal fibrosis, ultimately slowing its trajectory toward end-stage renal disease. Recent advances in slowing ADPKD progression have been examined, and potential therapeutic approaches targeting multiple pathways have been introduced. This comprehensive review discusses innovative strategies to address the challenges of ADPKD and provides valuable insights into potential avenues for its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Ahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310, 04310, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
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2
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Kaliniak S, Fiedoruk K, Spałek J, Piktel E, Durnaś B, Góźdź S, Bucki R, Okła S. Remodeling of Paranasal Sinuses Mucosa Functions in Response to Biofilm-Induced Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1295-1323. [PMID: 38434581 PMCID: PMC10906676 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s443420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinosinusitis (RS) is an acute (ARS) or chronic (CRS) inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. CRS is a heterogeneous condition characterized by distinct inflammatory patterns (endotypes) and phenotypes associated with the presence (CRSwNP) or absence (CRSsNP) of nasal polyps. Mucosal barrier and mucociliary clearance dysfunction, inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus hypersecretion, and tissue remodeling are the hallmarks of CRS. However, the underlying factors, their priority, and the mechanisms of inflammatory responses remain unclear. Several hypotheses have been proposed that link CRS etiology and pathogenesis with host (eg, "immune barrier") and exogenous factors (eg, bacterial/fungal pathogens, dysbiotic microbiota/biofilms, or staphylococcal superantigens). The abnormal interplay between these factors is likely central to the pathophysiology of CRS by triggering compensatory immune responses. Here, we discuss the role of the sinonasal microbiota in CRS and its biofilms in the context of mucosal zinc (Zn) deficiency, serving as a possible unifying link between five host and "bacterial" hypotheses of CRS that lead to sinus mucosa remodeling. To date, no clear correlation between sinonasal microbiota and CRS has been established. However, the predominance of Corynebacteria and Staphylococci and their interspecies relationships likely play a vital role in the formation of the CRS-associated microbiota. Zn-mediated "nutritional immunity", exerted via calprotectin, alongside the dysregulation of Zn-dependent cellular processes, could be a crucial microbiota-shaping factor in CRS. Similar to cystic fibrosis (CF), the role of SPLUNC1-mediated regulation of mucus volume and pH in CRS has been considered. We complement the biofilms' "mechanistic" and "mucin" hypotheses behind CRS pathogenesis with the "structural" one - associated with bacterial "corncob" structures. Finally, microbiota restoration approaches for CRS prevention and treatment are reviewed, including pre- and probiotics, as well as Nasal Microbiota Transplantation (NMT).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Fiedoruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jakub Spałek
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Bonita Durnaś
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Sławomir Okła
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
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3
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Clifton C, Niemeyer BF, Novak R, Can UI, Hainline K, Benam KH. BPIFA1 is a secreted biomarker of differentiating human airway epithelium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1035566. [PMID: 36519134 PMCID: PMC9744250 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1035566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro culture and differentiation of human-derived airway basal cells under air-liquid interface (ALI) into a pseudostratified mucociliated mucosal barrier has proven to be a powerful preclinical tool to study pathophysiology of respiratory epithelium. As such, identifying differentiation stage-specific biomarkers can help investigators better characterize, standardize, and validate populations of regenerating epithelial cells prior to experimentation. Here, we applied longitudinal transcriptomic analysis and observed that the pattern and the magnitude of OMG, KRT14, STC1, BPIFA1, PLA2G7, TXNIP, S100A7 expression create a unique biosignature that robustly indicates the stage of epithelial cell differentiation. We then validated our findings by quantitative hemi-nested real-time PCR from in vitro cultures sourced from multiple donors. In addition, we demonstrated that at protein-level secretion of BPIFA1 accurately reflects the gene expression profile, with very low quantities present at the time of ALI induction but escalating levels were detectable as the epithelial cells terminally differentiated. Moreover, we observed that increase in BPIFA1 secretion closely correlates with emergence of secretory cells and an anti-inflammatory phenotype as airway epithelial cells undergo mucociliary differentiation under air-liquid interface in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Clifton
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian F. Niemeyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Richard Novak
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Uryan Isik Can
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kelly Hainline
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kambez H. Benam
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Kambez H. Benam,
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4
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Hill DB, Button B, Rubinstein M, Boucher RC. Physiology and pathophysiology of human airway mucus. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1757-1836. [PMID: 35001665 PMCID: PMC9665957 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucus clearance system is the dominant mechanical host defense system of the human lung. Mucus is cleared from the lung by cilia and airflow, including both two-phase gas-liquid pumping and cough-dependent mechanisms, and mucus transport rates are heavily dependent on mucus concentration. Importantly, mucus transport rates are accurately predicted by the gel-on-brush model of the mucociliary apparatus from the relative osmotic moduli of the mucus and periciliary-glycocalyceal (PCL-G) layers. The fluid available to hydrate mucus is generated by transepithelial fluid transport. Feedback interactions between mucus concentrations and cilia beating, via purinergic signaling, coordinate Na+ absorptive vs Cl- secretory rates to maintain mucus hydration in health. In disease, mucus becomes hyperconcentrated (dehydrated). Multiple mechanisms derange the ion transport pathways that normally hydrate mucus in muco-obstructive lung diseases, e.g., cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), non-CF bronchiectasis (NCFB), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). A key step in muco-obstructive disease pathogenesis is the osmotic compression of the mucus layer onto the airway surface with the formation of adherent mucus plaques and plugs, particularly in distal airways. Mucus plaques create locally hypoxic conditions and produce airflow obstruction, inflammation, infection, and, ultimately, airway wall damage. Therapies to clear adherent mucus with hydrating and mucolytic agents are rational, and strategies to develop these agents are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Amaral MD. Using the genome to correct the ion transport defect in cystic fibrosis. J Physiol 2022; 601:1573-1582. [PMID: 36068724 DOI: 10.1113/jp282308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Human genome information can help finding drugs for human diseases. 'Omics' allow unbiased identification of novel drug targets. High-throughput (HT) approaches provide a global view on disease mechanisms. As a monogenic disease CF has led the way in multiple 'Omic' studies. 'Multi-omics' integration will generate maximal biological significance. ABSTRACT Today Biomedicine faces one of its greatest challenges, i.e. treating diseases through their causative dysfunctional processes and not just their symptoms. However, we still miss a global view of mechanisms and pathways involved in pathophysiology of most diseases. In fact, disease mechanisms and pathways can be achieved by holistic studies provided by 'Omic' approaches. Cystic Fibrosis (CF), caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene which encodes an anion channel, is paradigmatic for monogenic disorders, namely channelopathies. A high number of 'omics studies' have focussed on CF, namely several cell-based high-throughput (HT) approaches were developed and applied towards a global mechanistic characterization of CF pathophysiology and the identification of novel and 'unbiased' drug targets. Notwithstanding, it is likely that, through the integration of all these 'layers' of large datasets into comprehensive disease maps that biological significance can be extracted so that the enormous potential of these approaches to identifying dysfunctional mechanisms and novel drugs may become a reality. Abstract figure legend Schematic overview of the 3 main approaches to discovery of new drugs/drug targets. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida D Amaral
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande-C8 bdg, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
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6
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Mucins and CFTR: Their Close Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810232. [PMID: 36142171 PMCID: PMC9499620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance is a critical defense mechanism for the lungs governed by regionally coordinated epithelial cellular activities, including mucin secretion, cilia beating, and transepithelial ion transport. Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal genetic disorder caused by the dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel, is characterized by failed mucociliary clearance due to abnormal mucus biophysical properties. In recent years, with the development of highly effective modulator therapies, the quality of life of a significant number of people living with CF has greatly improved; however, further understanding the cellular biology relevant to CFTR and airway mucus biochemical interactions are necessary to develop novel therapies aimed at restoring CFTR gene expression in the lungs. In this article, we discuss recent advances of transcriptome analysis at single-cell levels that revealed a heretofore unanticipated close relationship between secretory MUC5AC and MUC5B mucins and CFTR in the lungs. In addition, we review recent findings on airway mucus biochemical and biophysical properties, focusing on how mucin secretion and CFTR-mediated ion transport are integrated to maintain airway mucus homeostasis in health and how CFTR dysfunction and restoration of function affect mucus properties.
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7
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Thurman AL, Li X, Villacreses R, Yu W, Gong H, Mather SE, Romano-Ibarra GS, Meyerholz DK, Stoltz DA, Welsh MJ, Thornell IM, Zabner J, Pezzulo AA. A Single-Cell Atlas of Large and Small Airways at Birth in a Porcine Model of Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:612-622. [PMID: 35235762 PMCID: PMC9163647 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0499oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) affects the transcriptome, composition, and function of large and small airway epithelia in people with advanced cystic fibrosis (CF); however, whether lack of CFTR causes cell-intrinsic abnormalities present at birth versus inflammation-dependent abnormalities is unclear. We performed a single-cell RNA-sequencing census of microdissected small airways from newborn CF pigs, which recapitulate CF host defense defects and pathology over time. Lack of CFTR minimally affected the transcriptome of large and small airways at birth, suggesting that infection and inflammation drive transcriptomic abnormalities in advanced CF. Importantly, common small airway epithelial cell types expressed a markedly different transcriptome than corresponding large airway cell types. Quantitative immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology of small airway epithelia demonstrated basal cells that reach the apical surface and a water and ion transport advantage. This single cell atlas highlights the archetypal nature of airway epithelial cells with location-dependent gene expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A. Stoltz
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Michael J. Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Joseph Zabner
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute
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8
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Mihalj H, Butković J, Tokić S, Štefanić M, Kizivat T, Bujak M, Baus Lončar M, Mihalj M. Expression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation-Related Genes in Nasal Mucosa and Nasal Polyps from Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5521. [PMID: 35628331 PMCID: PMC9145877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent, multifaceted inflammatory condition affecting the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses, frequently accompanied by formation of nasal polyps (CRSwNP). This apparently uniform clinical entity is preceded by heterogeneous changes in cellular and molecular patterns, suggesting the presence of multiple CRS endotypes and a diverse etiology. Alterations of the upper airway innate defense mechanisms, including antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity, have been implicated in CRSwNP etiology. The aim of this study was to investigate mRNA expression patterns of antioxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), and innate immune system defense players, namely the bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing family A, member 1 (BPIFA1) and PACAP family members, particularly adenylate-cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor 1 (ADCYAP1) in nasal mucosa and nasal polyps from CRSwNP patients. Additional stratification based on age, sex, allergic comorbidity, and disease severity was applied. The results showed that ADCYAP1, BPIFA1, and PRDX2 transcripts are differentially expressed in nasal mucosa and scale with radiologically assessed disease severity in CRSwNP patients. Sinonasal transcriptome is not associated with age, sex, and smoking in CRSwNP. Surgical and postoperative corticosteroid (CS) therapy improves endoscopic appearance of the mucosa, but variably reverses target gene expression patterns in the nasal cavity of CRSwNP patients. Transcriptional cross-correlations analysis revealed an increased level of connectedness among differentially expressed genes under inflammatory conditions and restoration of basic network following CS treatment. Although results of the present study imply a possible engagement of ADCYAP1 and BPIFA1 as biomarkers for CRSwNP, a more profound study taking into account disease severity and CRSwNP endotypes prior to the treatment would provide additional information on their sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Mihalj
- Clinical Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Josip Butković
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Stana Tokić
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Mario Štefanić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.Š.); (T.K.)
| | - Tomislav Kizivat
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.Š.); (T.K.)
- Clinical Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maro Bujak
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Mirela Baus Lončar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Oyama Y, Shuff SR, Burns N, Vohwinkel CU, Eckle T. Intense light-elicited alveolar type 2-specific circadian PER2 protects from bacterial lung injury via BPIFB1. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L647-L661. [PMID: 35272486 PMCID: PMC9037706 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00301.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian amplitude enhancement has the potential to be organ protective but has not been studied in acute lung injury (ALI). Consistent light and dark cycles are crucial for the amplitude regulation of the circadian rhythm protein Period2 (PER2). Housing mice under intense instead of ambient light for 1 wk (light: dark cycle:14h:10h), we demonstrated a robust increase of pulmonary PER2 trough and peak levels, which is consistent with circadian amplitude enhancement. A search for the affected lung cell type suggested alveolar type 2 (ATII) cells as strong candidates for light induction of PER2. A head-to-head comparison of mice with cell-type-specific deletion of Per2 in ATII, endothelial, or myeloid cells uncovered a dramatic phenotype in mice with an ATII-specific deletion of Per2. During Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced ALI, mice with Per2 deletion in ATII cells showed 0% survival, whereas 85% of control mice survived. Subsequent studies demonstrated that intense light therapy dampened lung inflammation or improved the alveolar barrier function during P. aeruginosa-induced ALI, which was abolished in mice with an ATII-specific deletion of Per2. A genome-wide mRNA array uncovered bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing family B member 1 (BPIFB1) as a downstream target of intense light-elicited ATII-PER2 mediated lung protection. Using the flavonoid and PER2 amplitude enhancer nobiletin, we recapitulated the lung-protective and anti-inflammatory effects of light and BPIFB1, respectively. Together, our studies demonstrate that light-elicited amplitude enhancement of ATII-specific PER2 is a critical control point of inflammatory pathways during bacterial ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Oyama
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado,2Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Sydney R. Shuff
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nana Burns
- 3Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christine U. Vohwinkel
- 3Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tobias Eckle
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado,4Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Wu T, Goriounova AS, Worthington EN, Wrennall JA, Ghosh A, Ahmad S, Flori Sassano M, Tarran R. SPLUNC1 is a negative regulator of the Orai1 Ca 2+ channel. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15306. [PMID: 35581745 PMCID: PMC9114653 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Orai1 is a ubiquitously-expressed plasma membrane Ca2+ channel that is involved in store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE): a fundamental biological process that regulates gene expression, the onset of inflammation, secretion, and the contraction of airway smooth muscle (ASM). During SOCE, Ca2+ leaves the endoplasmic reticulum, which then stimulates a second, amplifying wave of Ca2+ influx through Orai1 into the cytoplasm. Short Palate LUng and Nasal epithelial Clone 1 (SPLUNC1; gene name BPIFA1) is a multi-functional, innate defense protein that is highly abundant in the lung. We have previously reported that SPLUNC1 was secreted from epithelia, where it bound to and inhibited Orai1, leading to reduced SOCE and ASM relaxation. However, the underlying mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we probed the SPLUNC1-Orai1 interactions in ASM and HEK293T cells using biochemical and imaging techniques. We observed that SPLUNC1 caused a conformational change in Orai1, as measured using Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET). SPLUNC1 binding also led to Nedd4-2 dependent ubiquitination of Orai1. Moreover, SPLUNC1 internalized Orai1 to lysosomes, leading to Orai1 degradation. Thus, we conclude that SPLUNC1 is an allosteric regulator of Orai1. Our data indicate that SPLUNC1-mediated Orai1 inhibition could be utilized as a therapeutic strategy to reduce SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongde Wu
- Department of Cell Biology & PhysiologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina27599USA
| | - Alexandra S. Goriounova
- Department of PharmacologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina27599USA
| | - Erin N. Worthington
- Divison of PulmonologyDepartment of PediatricsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina27599USA
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of PediatricsCarilion Clinic and Virginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineRoanokeVirginia24016USA
| | - Joe A. Wrennall
- Department of Cell Biology & PhysiologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina27599USA
| | - Arunava Ghosh
- Department of Cell Biology & PhysiologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina27599USA
| | - Saira Ahmad
- Department of Cell Biology & PhysiologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina27599USA
| | - M. Flori Sassano
- Department of Cell Biology & PhysiologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina27599USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Department of Cell Biology & PhysiologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina27599USA
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11
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Blaconà G, Raso R, Castellani S, Pierandrei S, Del Porto P, Ferraguti G, Ascenzioni F, Conese M, Lucarelli M. Downregulation of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in cystic fibrosis cells by epigenetic targeting. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:257. [PMID: 35462606 PMCID: PMC9035428 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanism of cystic fibrosis (CF) includes the functional interaction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein with the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). The reduction of ENaC activity may constitute a therapeutic option for CF. This hypothesis was evaluated using drugs that target the protease-dependent activation of the ENaC channel and the transcriptional activity of its coding genes. To this aim we used: camostat, a protease inhibitor; S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), showed to induce DNA hypermethylation; curcumin, known to produce chromatin condensation. SAM and camostat are drugs already clinically used in other pathologies, while curcumin is a common dietary compound. The experimental systems used were CF and non-CF immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell lines as well as human bronchial primary epithelial cells. ENaC activity and SCNN1A, SCNN1B and SCNN1G gene expression were analyzed, in addition to SCNN1B promoter methylation. In both immortalized and primary cells, the inhibition of extracellular peptidases and the epigenetic manipulations reduced ENaC activity. Notably, the reduction in primary cells was much more effective. The SCNN1B appeared to be the best target to reduce ENaC activity, in respect to SCNN1A and SCNN1G. Indeed, SAM treatment resulted to be effective in inducing hypermethylation of SCNN1B gene promoter and in lowering its expression. Importantly, CFTR expression was unaffected, or even upregulated, after treatments. These results open the possibility of CF patients’ treatment by epigenetic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Blaconà
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Raso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Castellani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Pierandrei
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Del Porto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorentina Ascenzioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Jaiswal AK, Yadav J, Makhija S, Sandey M, Suryawanshi A, Mitra AK, Mishra A. Short Palate, Lung, and Nasal Epithelial Clone1 (SPLUNC1) level determines steroid-resistant airway inflammation in aging. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 322:L102-L115. [PMID: 34851736 PMCID: PMC8759962 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00315.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma and its heterogeneity change with age. Increased airspace neutrophil numbers contribute to severe steroid-resistant asthma exacerbation in the elderly, which correlates with the changes seen in adults with asthma. However, whether that resembles the same disease mechanism and pathophysiology in aged and adults is poorly understood. Here, we sought to address the underlying molecular mechanism of steroid-resistant airway inflammation development and response to corticosteroid (Dex) therapy in aged mice. To study the changes in inflammatory mechanism, we used a clinically relevant treatment model of house-dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic asthma and investigated lung adaptive immune response in adult (20–22 wk old) and aged (80–82 wk old) mice. Our result indicates an age-dependent increase in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), mixed granulomatous airway inflammation comprising eosinophils and neutrophils, and Th1/Th17 immune response with progressive decrease in frequencies and numbers of HDM-bearing dendritic cells (DC) accumulation in the draining lymph node (DLn) of aged mice as compared with adult mice. RNA-Seq experiments of the aged lung revealed short palate, lung, and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) as one of the steroid-responsive genes, which progressively declined with age and further by HDM-induced inflammation. Moreover, we found increased glycolytic reprogramming, maturation/activation of DCs, the proliferation of OT-II cells, and Th2 cytokine secretion with recombinant SPLUNC1 (rSPLUNC1) treatment. Our results indicate a novel immunomodulatory role of SPLUNC1 regulating metabolic adaptation/maturation of DC. An age-dependent decline in the SPLUNC1 level may be involved in developing steroid-resistant airway inflammation and asthma heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Jaiswal
- Laboratory of Lung Inflammation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Laboratory of Lung Inflammation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Sangeet Makhija
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Amit Kumar Mitra
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Pharmacogenomics and Single-Cell Omics, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Amarjit Mishra
- Laboratory of Lung Inflammation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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13
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Wrennall JA, Ahmad S, Worthington EN, Wu T, Goriounova AS, Voeller AS, Stewart IE, Ghosh A, Krajewski K, Tilley SL, Hickey AJ, Sassano MF, Tarran R. A SPLUNC1 Peptidomimetic Inhibits Orai1 and Reduces Inflammation in a Murine Allergic Asthma Model. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 66:271-282. [PMID: 34807800 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0452oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Orai1 is a plasma membrane Ca2+ channel that mediates store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and regulates inflammation. Short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is an asthma gene modifier which inhibits Orai1/SOCE via its C-terminal α6 region. SPLUNC1 levels are diminished in asthma patient airways. Thus, we hypothesized that inhaled α6 peptidomimetics could inhibit Orai1 and reduce airway inflammation in a murine asthma model. To evaluate α6-Orai1 interactions, we used fluorescent assays to measure Ca2+ signalling, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescent recovery after photobleaching, immunostaining, total internal reflection (TIRF) microscopy and Western blotting. To test whether α6 peptidomimetics inhibited SOCE and decreased inflammation in vivo, wild-type and SPLUNC1-/- mice were exposed to house dust mite (HDM) extract ± α6 peptide. We also performed nebulization, jet milling and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate α6 for inhalation. SPLUNC1-/- mice had an exaggerated response to HDM. In bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-derived immune cells, Orai1 levels increased after HDM exposure in SPLUNC1-/- but not wild-type mice. Inhaled α6 reduced Orai1 levels in mice regardless of genotype. In HDM-exposed mice, α6 dose-dependently reduced eosinophilia and neutrophilia. In vitro, α6 inhibited SOCE in multiple immune cell types and α6 could be nebulized or jet milled without loss of function. These data suggest that α6 peptidomimetics may be a novel, effective anti-inflammatory therapy for asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe A Wrennall
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Saira Ahmad
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2331, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Erin N Worthington
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Tongde Wu
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Alexandra S Goriounova
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2331, Department of Pharmacology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Alexis S Voeller
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ian E Stewart
- RTI International, 6856, Center for Engineered Systems, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Arunava Ghosh
- University of North Carolina, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Krzysztof Krajewski
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2331, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Stephen L Tilley
- University of North Carolina, Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Anthony J Hickey
- RTI International, 6856, Center for Engineered Systems, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - M Flori Sassano
- University of North Carolina, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Robert Tarran
- University of North Carolina, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States;
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14
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Hanssens LS, Duchateau J, Casimir GJ. CFTR Protein: Not Just a Chloride Channel? Cells 2021; 10:2844. [PMID: 34831067 PMCID: PMC8616376 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in a gene encoding a protein called Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR). The CFTR protein is known to acts as a chloride (Cl-) channel expressed in the exocrine glands of several body systems where it also regulates other ion channels, including the epithelial sodium (Na+) channel (ENaC) that plays a key role in salt absorption. This function is crucial to the osmotic balance of the mucus and its viscosity. However, the pathophysiology of CF is more challenging than a mere dysregulation of epithelial ion transport, mainly resulting in impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) with consecutive bronchiectasis and in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. This review shows that the CFTR protein is not just a chloride channel. For a long time, research in CF has focused on abnormal Cl- and Na+ transport. Yet, the CFTR protein also regulates numerous other pathways, such as the transport of HCO3-, glutathione and thiocyanate, immune cells, and the metabolism of lipids. It influences the pH homeostasis of airway surface liquid and thus the MCC as well as innate immunity leading to chronic infection and inflammation, all of which are considered as key pathophysiological characteristics of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence S. Hanssens
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Jean Duchateau
- Laboratoire Académique de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Georges J. Casimir
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels, Belgium;
- Laboratoire Académique de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels, Belgium;
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15
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Combined agonists act synergistically to increase mucociliary clearance in a cystic fibrosis airway model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18828. [PMID: 34552115 PMCID: PMC8458446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus clearance, a primary innate defense mechanism of airways, is defective in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and CF animals. In previous work, the combination of a low dose of the cholinergic agonist, carbachol with forskolin or a β adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol synergistically increased mucociliary clearance velocity (MCCV) in ferret tracheas. Importantly, the present study shows that synergistic MCCV can also be produced in CF ferrets, with increases ~ 55% of WT. Synergistic MCCV was also produced in pigs. The combined agonists increased MCCV by increasing surface fluid via multiple mechanisms: increased fluid secretion from submucosal glands, increased anion secretion across surface epithelia and decreased Na+ absorption. To avoid bronchoconstriction, the cAMP agonist was applied 30 min before carbachol. This approach to increasing mucus clearance warrants testing for safety and efficacy in humans as a potential therapeutic for muco-obstructive diseases.
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16
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Khanal S, Webster M, Niu N, Zielonka J, Nunez M, Chupp G, Slade MD, Cohn L, Sauler M, Gomez JL, Tarran R, Sharma L, Dela Cruz CS, Egan M, Laguna T, Britto CJ. SPLUNC1: a novel marker of cystic fibrosis exacerbations. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.00507-2020. [PMID: 33958427 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00507-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acute pulmonary Exacerbations (AE) are episodes of clinical worsening in cystic fibrosis (CF), often precipitated by infection. Timely detection is critical to minimise morbidity and lung function declines associated with acute inflammation during AE. Based on our previous observations that airway protein Short Palate Lung Nasal epithelium Clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is regulated by inflammatory signals, we investigated the use of SPLUNC1 fluctuations to diagnose and predict AE in CF.We enrolled CF participants from two independent cohorts to measure AE markers of inflammation in sputum and recorded clinical outcomes for a 1-year follow-up period.SPLUNC1 levels were high in healthy controls (n=9, 10.7 μg mL-1), and significantly decreased in CF participants without AE (n=30, 5.7 μg mL-1, p=0.016). SPLUNC1 levels were 71.9% lower during AE (n=14, 1.6 μg mL-1, p=0.0034) regardless of age, sex, CF-causing mutation, or microbiology findings. Cytokines Il-1β and TNFα were also increased in AE, whereas lung function did not consistently decrease. Stable CF participants with lower SPLUNC1 levels were much more likely to have an AE at 60 days (HR: 11.49, Standard Error: 0.83, p=0.0033). Low-SPLUNC1 stable participants remained at higher AE risk even one year after sputum collection (HR: 3.21, Standard Error: 0.47, p=0.0125). SPLUNC1 was downregulated by inflammatory cytokines and proteases increased in sputum during AE.In acute CF care, low SPLUNC1 levels could support a decision to increase airway clearance or to initiate pharmacological interventions. In asymptomatic, stable patients, low SPLUNC1 levels could inform changes in clinical management to improve long-term disease control and clinical outcomes in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Khanal
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Megan Webster
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Naiqian Niu
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jana Zielonka
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Myra Nunez
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Geoffrey Chupp
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Martin D Slade
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lauren Cohn
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maor Sauler
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jose L Gomez
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marie Egan
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy, Immunology, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Theresa Laguna
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Clemente J Britto
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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17
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Zajac M, Dreano E, Edwards A, Planelles G, Sermet-Gaudelus I. Airway Surface Liquid pH Regulation in Airway Epithelium Current Understandings and Gaps in Knowledge. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3384. [PMID: 33806154 PMCID: PMC8037888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on the mechanisms of acid and base secretion in airways has progressed recently. The aim of this review is to summarize the known mechanisms of airway surface liquid (ASL) pH regulation and their implication in lung diseases. Normal ASL is slightly acidic relative to the interstitium, and defects in ASL pH regulation are associated with various respiratory diseases, such as cystic fibrosis. Basolateral bicarbonate (HCO3-) entry occurs via the electrogenic, coupled transport of sodium (Na+) and HCO3-, and, together with carbonic anhydrase enzymatic activity, provides HCO3- for apical secretion. The latter mainly involves CFTR, the apical chloride/bicarbonate exchanger pendrin and paracellular transport. Proton (H+) secretion into ASL is crucial to maintain its relative acidity compared to the blood. This is enabled by H+ apical secretion, mainly involving H+/K+ ATPase and vacuolar H+-ATPase that carry H+ against the electrochemical potential gradient. Paracellular HCO3- transport, the direction of which depends on the ASL pH value, acts as an ASL protective buffering mechanism. How the transepithelial transport of H+ and HCO3- is coordinated to tightly regulate ASL pH remains poorly understood, and should be the focus of new studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslaw Zajac
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Elise Dreano
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, 75015 Paris, France;
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Aurelie Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Gabrielle Planelles
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
- Laboratoire de Physiologie rénale et Tubulopathies, CNRS ERL 8228, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, 75015 Paris, France;
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares, Mucoviscidose et Maladies de CFTR, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
- Clinical Trial Network, European Cystic Fibrosis Society, BT2 Belfast, Ireland
- European Respiratory Network Lung, 75006 Paris, France
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18
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Reihill JA, Douglas LEJ, Martin SL. Modulation of Ion Transport to Restore Airway Hydration in Cystic Fibrosis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030453. [PMID: 33810137 PMCID: PMC8004921 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting genetic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene which codes for the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel. Loss of Cl- secretion across the apical membrane of airway lining epithelial cells results in dehydration of the airway surface liquid (ASL) layer which impairs mucociliary clearance (MCC), and as a consequence promotes bacterial infection and inflammation of the airways. Interventions that restore airway hydration are known to improve MCC. Here we review the ion channels present at the luminal surface of airway epithelial cells that may be targeted to improve airway hydration and MCC in CF airways.
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19
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Abdelwahab SH, Reidel B, Martin JR, Ghosh A, Keating JE, Haridass P, Carpenter J, Glish GL, Tarran R, Doerschuk CM, Kesimer M. Cigarillos Compromise the Mucosal Barrier and Protein Expression in Airway Epithelia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:767-779. [PMID: 32877614 PMCID: PMC7790145 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0085oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking remains a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite a downward trend in cigarette use, less-regulated tobacco products, such as cigarillos, which are often flavored to appeal to specific demographics, such as younger people, are becoming increasingly popular. Cigar/cigarillo smoking has been considered a safer alternative to cigarettes; however, the health risks associated with cigar in comparison with cigarette smoking are not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we characterized the effects of multiple brands of cigarillos on the airway epithelium using ex vivo and in vivo models. To analyze these effects, we assessed the cellular viability and integrity of smoke-exposed primary airway cell cultures. We also investigated the protein compositions of apical secretions from cigarillo-exposed airway epithelial cultures and BAL fluid of cigarillo-exposed mice through label-free quantitative proteomics and determined the chemical composition of smoke collected from the investigated cigarillo products. We found that cigarillo smoke exerts similar or greater effects than cigarette smoke in terms of reduced cell viability; altered protein levels, including those of innate immune proteins; induced oxidative-stress markers; and greater nicotine delivery to cells. The analysis of the chemical composition of the investigated cigarillo products revealed differences that might be linked to the differential effects of these products on cell viability and protein abundance profiles, which have been associated with a range of health risks in the context of airway biology. These findings contradict the assumption that cigarillos might be safer and less harmful than cigarettes. Instead, our results indicate that cigarillo smoke is associated with equal or greater health risks and the same or increased airway toxicity compared with cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Reidel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Marsico Lung Institute
| | | | | | | | | | - Jerome Carpenter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Marsico Lung Institute
| | | | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and
| | - Claire M. Doerschuk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Marsico Lung Institute
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Marsico Lung Institute
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20
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McCormick J, Hoffman K, Thompson H, Skinner D, Zhang S, Grayson J, Illek B, Cho DY, Woodworth BA. Differential Chloride Secretory Capacity in Transepithelial Ion Transport Properties in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2020; 34:830-837. [PMID: 32576027 PMCID: PMC9793428 DOI: 10.1177/1945892420930975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ion transport regulates hydration of airway mucosal surfaces, and thus promotes effective mucociliary clearance (MCC). Decreased transepithelial Cl- transport may contribute to epithelial dysfunction by abrogating MCC and increasing mucus viscosity in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The objective of the current study is to evaluate Cl- channel transport properties from cultures of human sinonasal epithelia. METHODS Human sinonasal epithelia (HSNE) from patients undergoing sinus surgery were cultured at an air-liquid interface to confluence and full differentiation. The epithelial monolayers were mounted in Ussing Chambers to investigate pharmacological manipulation of ion transport. Epithelial Na+ channel (via Amiloride), CFTR (via forskolin), and Ca2+-activated Cl- channel (CaCC, via UTP) transport were investigated among three different patient groups: Control, CRS and CRS with polyposis. CFTR mRNA levels were evaluated with quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS HSNE cultures from 18 patients (Control = 9, CRS = 6, CRS with polyposis = 3) were evaluated in 142 experiments. Summary data from the 18 patients demonstrated that stimulated CFTR-mediated anion transport (Δ ISC) was significantly lower with CRS (7.58+/-2.24 µA/cm2) compared to control (25.86+/-3.44 µA/cm2) and CRS with polyposis (20.16+/-4.0 µA/cm2) (p = 0.004). No statistically significant difference was found for CaCC anion transport between groups (p = 0.39). Significantly decreased mRNA (relative expression) was noted in CRS cultures (CRS = 40.83+/-1.76 vs. control = 116.2+/-24.27, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS A substantial decrease in the Cl- secretory capacity of HSNE monolayers was demonstrated in CRS subjects. Data suggest that CFTR may contribute more to abnormal ion transport in CRS than CaCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin McCormick
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head
& Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama
| | - Kyle Hoffman
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head
& Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama
| | - Harrison Thompson
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head
& Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama
| | - Daniel Skinner
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head
& Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama
| | - Shaoyan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head
& Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama
| | - Jessica Grayson
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head
& Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama
| | - Beate Illek
- UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital
Oakland, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland,
California
| | - Do-Yeon Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head
& Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama,Gregory Fleming James Cystic
Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama,Division of Otolaryngology,
Department of Surgery, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama,Do-Yeon Cho, Department of
Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1155
Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL. 35233, USA.
| | - Bradford A. Woodworth
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head
& Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama,Gregory Fleming James Cystic
Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama
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21
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Olivença DV, Voit EO, Pinto FR. ENaC regulation by phospholipids and DGK explained through mathematical modeling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13952. [PMID: 32811866 PMCID: PMC7435262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a condition caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). It is also thought to increase the activity of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC). The altered function of these ion channels is one of the causes of the thick dehydrated mucus that characterizes the disease and is partially responsible for recurrent pulmonary infections and inflammation events that ultimately destroy the lungs of affected subjects. Phosphoinositides are signaling lipids that regulate numerous cellular processes and membrane proteins, including ENaC. Inhibition of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK), an enzyme of the phosphoinositide pathway, reduces ENaC function. We propose a computational analysis that is based on the combination of two existing mathematical models: one representing the dynamics of phosphoinositides and the other explaining how phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) influences ENaC activity and, consequently, airway surface liquid. This integrated model permits, for the first time, a detailed assessment of the intricate interactions between DGK and ENaC and is consistent with available literature data. In particular, the computational approach allows comparisons of two competing hypotheses regarding the regulation of ENaC. The results strongly suggest that the regulation of ENaC is primarily exerted through the control of PI(4,5)P2 production by type-I phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5KI), which in turn is controlled by phosphatidic acid (PA), the product of the DGK reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V. Olivença
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI – Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-2000 USA
| | - Eberhard O. Voit
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-2000 USA
| | - Francisco R. Pinto
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI – Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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22
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Ahmad S, Kim CSK, Tarran R. The SPLUNC1-βENaC complex prevents Burkholderia cenocepacia invasion in normal airway epithelia. Respir Res 2020; 21:190. [PMID: 32680508 PMCID: PMC7368771 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are extremely vulnerable to Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) infections. However, the underlying etiology is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1)–epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) interactions at the plasma membrane are required to reduce Bcc burden in normal airways. To determine if SPLUNC1 was needed to reduce Bcc burden in the airways, SPLUNC1 knockout mice and their wild-type littermates were infected with B. cenocepacia strain J2315. SPLUNC1 knockout mice had increased bacterial burden in the lungs compared to wild-type littermate mice. SPLUNC1-knockdown primary human bronchial epithelia (HBECs) were incubated with J2315, which resulted in increased bacterial burden compared to non-transduced HBECs. We next determined the interaction of the SPLUNC1-ENaC complex during J2315 infection. SPLUNC1 remained at the apical plasma membrane of normal HBECs but less was present at the apical plasma membrane of CF HBECs. Additionally, SPLUNC1-βENaC complexes reduced intracellular J2315 burden. Our data indicate that (i) secreted SPLUNC1 is required to reduce J2315 burden in the airways and (ii) its interaction with ENaC prevents cellular invasion of J2315.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Ahmad
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Marsico Lung Insitute, 115 Mason Farm Rd CB 7545, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Christine Seul Ki Kim
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Marsico Lung Insitute, 115 Mason Farm Rd CB 7545, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Present address: Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Tarran
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Marsico Lung Insitute, 115 Mason Farm Rd CB 7545, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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23
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Li J, Xu P, Wang L, Feng M, Chen D, Yu X, Lu Y. Molecular biology of BPIFB1 and its advances in disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:651. [PMID: 32566588 PMCID: PMC7290611 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bactericidal/permeability-increasing (BPI)-fold-containing family B member 1 (BPIFB1), also known as long-palate lung and nasal epithelium clone 1 (LPLUNC1), belongs to the BPI-fold-containing family, is a newly discovered natural immune protection molecule, which, having the function of bactericidal and osmotic enhancement protein domain, can respond to the external physical and chemical stimuli. The gene of BPIFB1 is located at chromosome 20q11.21-20q11.22, and contains 16 exons and 15 introns, encoding 484 amino acids. The 5' terminal of the BPIFB1 protein has a signal peptide sequence composed of 19 amino acids. BPIFB1 is abnormally expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), gastric cancer, and other cancer tissues, regulate chronic infections and inflammation, indicating that it may play an important role in the development of tumors. Meanwhile, BPIFB1 has well-recognized roles in sensing and responding to Gram-negative bacteria due to its structural similarity with BPI protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein, both of which are innate immune molecules with recognized roles in sensing and responding to Gram-negative bacteria, so it can regulate cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and other respiratory diseases. In this article, we will discuss the progress of BPIFB1 in a variety of diseases and fully understand its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengjie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongzhen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
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24
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LunX-CAR T Cells as a Targeted Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 17:361-370. [PMID: 32405534 PMCID: PMC7210386 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carries a high mortality, and efficacious therapy is lacking. Therapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has been used efficaciously against hematologic malignancies, but the curative effect against solid tumors is not satisfactory. A lack of antigen targets is one of the main reasons for this limited efficacy. Previously, we showed that lung-specific X (LUNX; also known as BPIFA1, PLUNC, and SPLUNC1) is overexpressed in lung cancer cells. Here, we constructed a CAR-T-cell-based strategy to target LunX (CARLunX T cells). CAR T cells were developed so that, upon specific recognition of LunX, they secreted cytokines and killed LunX-positive NSCLC cells. In vitro, CARLunX T cells displayed enhanced toxicity toward NSCLC lines and production of cytokines and showed specific LunX-dependent recognition of NSCLC cells. Adoptive transfer of CARLunX T cells induced regression of established metastatic lung cancer xenografts and prolonged survival. CARLunX T cells could infiltrate into the tumor. Also, we constructed a patient-derived xenograft model of lung cancer. After therapy with CARLunX T cells, tumor growth was suppressed, and survival was prolonged significantly. Together, our findings offer preclinical evidence of the immunotherapeutic targeting of LunX as a strategy to treat NSCLC.
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25
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Sala V, Murabito A, Ghigo A. Inhaled Biologicals for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 13:19-26. [PMID: 30318010 PMCID: PMC6751348 DOI: 10.2174/1872213x12666181012101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cystic Fibrosis (CF), one of the most frequent genetic diseases, is characterized by the production of viscous mucus in several organs. In the lungs, mucus clogs the airways and traps bacteria, leading to recurrent/resistant infections and lung damage. For cystic fibrosis patients, respiratory failure is still lethal in early adulthood since available treatments display incomplete efficacy. Objective: The objective of this review is to extend the current knowledge in the field of available treat-ments for cystic fibrosis. A special focus has been given to inhaled peptide-based drugs. Methods: The current review is based on recent and/or relevant literature and patents already available in various scientific databases, which include PubMed, PubMed Central, Patentscope and Science Direct. The information obtained through these diverse databases is compiled, critically interpreted and presented in the current study. An in-depth but not systematic approach to the specific research question has been adopted. Results: Recently, peptides have been proposed as possible pharmacologic agents for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Of note, peptides are suitable to be administered by inhalation to maximize efficacy and reduce systemic side effects. Moreover, innovative delivery carriers have been developed for drug administration through inhalation, allowing not only protection against proteolysis, but also a prolonged and controlled release. Conclusion: Here, we summarize newly patented peptides that have been developed in the last few years and advanced technologies for inhaled drug delivery to treat cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,S.C. Medicina d'Urgenza, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Molinette Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Murabito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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26
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Morrison CB, Markovetz MR, Ehre C. Mucus, mucins, and cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54 Suppl 3:S84-S96. [PMID: 31715083 PMCID: PMC6853602 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is both the most common and most lethal genetic disease in the Caucasian population. CF is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and is characterized by the accumulation of thick, adherent mucus plaques in multiple organs, of which the lungs, gastrointestinal tract and pancreatic ducts are the most commonly affected. A similar pathogenesis cascade is observed in all of these organs: loss of CFTR function leads to altered ion transport, consisting of decreased chloride and bicarbonate secretion via the CFTR channel and increased sodium absorption via epithelial sodium channel upregulation. Mucosa exposed to changes in ionic concentrations sustain severe pathophysiological consequences. Altered mucus biophysical properties and weakened innate defense mechanisms ensue, furthering the progression of the disease. Mucins, the high-molecular-weight glycoproteins responsible for the viscoelastic properties of the mucus, play a key role in the disease but the actual mechanism of mucus accumulation is still undetermined. Multiple hypotheses regarding the impact of CFTR malfunction on mucus have been proposed and are reviewed here. (a) Dehydration increases mucin monomer entanglement, (b) defective Ca2+ chelation compromises mucin expansion, (c) ionic changes alter mucin interactions, and (d) reactive oxygen species increase mucin crosslinking. Although one biochemical change may dominate, it is likely that all of these mechanisms play some role in the progression of CF disease. This article discusses recent findings on the initial cause(s) of aberrant mucus properties in CF and examines therapeutic approaches aimed at correcting mucus properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Bradley Morrison
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew Raymond Markovetz
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Camille Ehre
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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27
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Olivença DV, Fonseca LL, Voit EO, Pinto FR. Thickness of the airway surface liquid layer in the lung is affected in cystic fibrosis by compromised synergistic regulation of the ENaC ion channel. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190187. [PMID: 31455163 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung epithelium is lined with a layer of airway surface liquid (ASL) that is crucial for healthy lung function. ASL thickness is controlled by two ion channels: epithelium sodium channel (ENaC) and cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Here, we present a minimal mathematical model of ENaC, CFTR and ASL regulation that sheds light on the control of ENaC by the short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) protein and by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). The model, despite its simplicity, yields a good fit to experimental observations and is an effective tool for exploring the interplay between ENaC, CFTR and ASL. Steady-state data and dynamic information constrain the model's parameters without ambiguities. Testing the hypothesis that PI(4,5)P2 protects ENaC from ubiquitination suggests that this protection does not improve the model results and that the control of the ENaC opening probability by PI(4,5)P2 is sufficient to explain all available data. The model analysis further demonstrates that ASL at the steady state is sensitive to small changes in PI(4,5)P2 abundance, particularly in CF conditions, which suggests that manipulation of phosphoinositide metabolism may promote therapeutic benefits for CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Olivença
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis L Fonseca
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eberhard O Voit
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Francisco R Pinto
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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28
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Couroux P, Farias P, Rizvi L, Griffin K, Hudson C, Crowder T, Tarran R, Tullis E. First clinical trials of novel ENaC targeting therapy, SPX-101, in healthy volunteers and adults with cystic fibrosis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019; 58:101819. [PMID: 31302339 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2019.101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ENaC inhibition has been investigated as a CF treatment; however, small molecule inhibitors of ENaC lack efficacy and/or have shown dose-limiting hyperkalemia. SPX-101 is a novel, investigational small peptide (SPLUNC1 mimetic) that regulates ENaC density with the potential for efficacy without systemic effects. METHODS Two trials are presented: The first was a Phase 1, 2-part, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose study of nebulized SPX-101 in healthy adults. Part 1 evaluated 4 single doses of SPX-101 ranging from 20 to 240 mg. Part 2 evaluated a 14-day regimen of SPX-101 at 4 doses of SPX-101 ranging from 10 to 120 mg BID. Pharmacokinetics, adverse events, spirometry, vital signs, electrocardiograms, pulse oximetry, and clinical laboratory values were assessed. The second trial was a tolerability-confirming, Phase 1b, open-label study conducted in 5 adult subjects with CF. Ascending doses of SPX-101 inhalation solution (10 mg-120 mg BID) were administered for 7 days. Safety was assessed as described above. RESULTS All 64 healthy volunteers (32 in each Part) completed the single and multiple dose study. SPX-101 was well tolerated with little/no systemic exposure and with no hyperkalemia. Adverse events were generally mild with reported respiratory events associated with the purported pharmacological activity of SPX-101. Tolerability of SPX-101 was similarly observed in adults with CF; all 5 subjects treated with SPX-101 completed the study. CONCLUSIONS SPX-101 was well-tolerated across a range of doses and had little/no systemic exposure in healthy adults and adults with CF, thus supporting further study in patients with CF. CLINICALTRIAL. GOV REGISTRATION NCT03056989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Couroux
- Inflamax Research Limited, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Leena Rizvi
- Toronto Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine Griffin
- Toronto Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Tullis
- Toronto Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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29
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Ivanova R, Benton DCH, Munye MM, Rangseesorranan S, Hart SL, Moss GWJ. A Nanosensor Toolbox for Rapid, Label-Free Measurement of Airway Surface Liquid and Epithelial Cell Function. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8731-8739. [PMID: 30648848 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ciliated lung epithelial cells and the airway surface liquid (ASL) comprise one of the body's most important protective systems. This system is finely tuned, and perturbations to ASL rheology, ASL depth, ASL pH, the transepithelial potential, and the cilia beat frequency are all associated with disease pathology. Further, these apparently distinct properties interact with each other in a complex manner. For example, changes in ASL rheology can result from altered mucin secretion, changes in ASL pH, or changes in ASL depth. Thus, one of the great challenges in trying to understand airway pathology is that the properties of the ASL/epithelial cell system need to be assessed near-simultaneously and without perturbing the sample. Here, we show that nanosensor probes mounted on a scanning ion conductance microscope make this possible for the first time, without any need for labeling. We also demonstrate that ASL from senescence-retarded human bronchial epithelial cells retains its native properties. Our results demonstrate that by using a nanosensor approach, it is possible to pursue faster, more accurate, more coherent, and more informative studies of ASL and airway epithelia in health and disease.
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30
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Sesma JI, Wu B, Stuhlmiller TJ, Scott DW. SPX-101 is stable in and retains function after exposure to cystic fibrosis sputum. J Cyst Fibros 2019; 18:244-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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31
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Shei RJ, Peabody JE, Kaza N, Rowe SM. The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) as a therapeutic target for cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 43:152-165. [PMID: 30340955 PMCID: PMC6294660 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. CFTR dysfunction is characterized by abnormal mucociliary transport due to a dehydrated airway surface liquid (ASL) and hyperviscous mucus, among other pathologies of host defense. ASL depletion is caused by the absence of CFTR mediated chloride secretion along with continued activity of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity, which can also be affected by CFTR mediated anion conductance. Therefore, ENaC has been proposed as a therapeutic target to ameliorate ASL dehydration and improve mucus transport. Inhibition of ENaC has been shown to restore ASL hydration and enhance mucociliary transport in induced models of CF lung disease. To date, no therapy inhibiting ENaC has successfully translated to clinical efficacy, in part due to concerns regarding off-target effects, systemic exposure, durability of effect, and adverse effects. Recent efforts have been made to develop novel, rationally designed therapeutics to produce-specific, long-lasting inhibition of ENaC activity in the airways while simultaneously minimizing off target fluid transport effects, systemic exposure and side effects. Such approaches comprise next-generation small molecule direct inhibitors, indirect channel-activating protease inhibitors, synthetic peptide analogs, and oligonucleotide-based therapies. These novel therapeutics represent an exciting step forward in the development of ENaC-directed therapies for CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jay Shei
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; The Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jacelyn E Peabody
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Medical Scientist (MD/PhD) Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; The Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Niroop Kaza
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; The Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; The Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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32
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Britto CJ, Niu N, Khanal S, Huleihel L, Herazo-Maya JD, Thompson A, Sauler M, Slade MD, Sharma L, Dela Cruz CS, Kaminski N, Cohn LE. BPIFA1 regulates lung neutrophil recruitment and interferon signaling during acute inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 316:L321-L333. [PMID: 30461288 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00056.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bpifa1 (BPI fold-containing group A member 1) is an airway host-protective protein with immunomodulatory properties that binds to LPS and is regulated by infectious and inflammatory signals. Differential expression of Bpifa1 has been widely reported in lung disease, yet the biological significance of this observation is unclear. We sought to understand the role of Bpifa1 fluctuations in modulating lung inflammation. We treated wild-type (WT) and Bpifa1-/- mice with intranasal LPS and performed immunological and transcriptomic analyses of lung tissue to determine the immune effects of Bpifa1 deficiency. We show that neutrophil (polymorphonuclear cells, PMNs) lung recruitment and transmigration to the airways in response to LPS is impaired in Bpifa1-/- mice. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a signature of 379 genes that differentiated Bpifa1-/- from WT mice. During acute lung inflammation, the most downregulated genes in Bpifa1-/- mice were Cxcl9 and Cxcl10. Bpifa1-/- mice had lower bronchoalveolar lavage concentrations of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (Cxcl10) and Cxcl9, interferon-inducible PMN chemokines. This was consistent with lower expression of IFNγ, IFNλ, downstream IFN-stimulated genes, and IFN-regulatory factors, which are important for the innate immune response. Administration of Cxcl10 before LPS treatment restored the inflammatory response in Bpifa1-/- mice. Our results identify a novel role for Bpifa1 in the regulation of Cxcl10-mediated PMN recruitment to the lungs via IFNγ and -λ signaling during acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente J Britto
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Naiqian Niu
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sara Khanal
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Luai Huleihel
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jose D Herazo-Maya
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alison Thompson
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Maor Sauler
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Martin D Slade
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lauren E Cohn
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
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33
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Webster MJ, Reidel B, Tan CD, Ghosh A, Alexis NE, Donaldson SH, Kesimer M, Ribeiro CMP, Tarran R. SPLUNC1 degradation by the cystic fibrosis mucosal environment drives airway surface liquid dehydration. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.00668-2018. [PMID: 30190268 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00668-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The multi-organ disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene (CFTR) that lead to diminished transepithelial anion transport. CF lungs are characterised by airway surface liquid (ASL) dehydration, chronic infection/inflammation and neutrophilia. Dysfunctional CFTR may upregulate the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), further exacerbating dehydration. We previously demonstrated that short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) negatively regulates ENaC in normal airway epithelia.Here, we used pulmonary tissue samples, sputum and human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) to determine whether SPLUNC1 could regulate ENaC in a CF-like environment.We found reduced endogenous SPLUNC1 in CF secretions, and rapid degradation of recombinant SPLUNC1 (rSPLUNC1) by CF secretions. Normal sputum, containing SPLUNC1 and SPLUNC1-derived peptides, inhibited ENaC in both normal and CF HBECs. Conversely, CF sputum activated ENaC, and rSPLUNC1 could not reverse this phenomenon. Additionally, we observed upregulation of ENaC protein levels in human CF bronchi. Unlike SPLUNC1, the novel SPLUNC1-derived peptide SPX-101 resisted protease degradation, bound apically to HBECs, inhibited ENaC and prevented ASL dehydration following extended pre-incubation with CF sputum.Our data indicate that CF mucosal secretions drive ASL hyperabsorption and that protease-resistant peptides, e.g. SPX-101, can reverse this effect to rehydrate CF ASL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Webster
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Boris Reidel
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chong D Tan
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Arunava Ghosh
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Center for Asthma and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott H Donaldson
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carla M P Ribeiro
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Dept of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA .,Dept of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Webster MJ, Tarran R. Slippery When Wet: Airway Surface Liquid Homeostasis and Mucus Hydration. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 81:293-335. [PMID: 30243435 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to regulate cell volume is crucial for normal physiology; equally the regulation of extracellular fluid homeostasis is of great importance. Alteration of normal extracellular fluid homeostasis contributes to the development of several diseases including cystic fibrosis. With regard to the airway surface liquid (ASL), which lies apically on top of airway epithelia, ion content, pH, mucin and protein abundance must be tightly regulated. Furthermore, airway epithelia must be able to switch from an absorptive to a secretory state as required. A heterogeneous population of airway epithelial cells regulate ASL solute and solvent composition, and directly secrete large mucin molecules, antimicrobials, proteases and soluble mediators into the airway lumen. This review focuses on how epithelial ion transport influences ASL hydration and ASL pH, with a specific focus on the roles of anion and cation channels and exchangers. The role of ions and pH in mucin expansion is also addressed. With regard to fluid volume regulation, we discuss the roles of nucleotides, adenosine and the short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) as soluble ASL mediators. Together, these mechanisms directly influence ciliary beating and in turn mucociliary clearance to maintain sterility and to detoxify the airways. Whilst all of these components are regulated in normal airways, defective ion transport and/or mucin secretion proves detrimental to lung homeostasis as such we address how defective ion and fluid transport, and a loss of homeostatic mechanisms, contributes to the development of pathophysiologies associated with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Webster
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Yu Z, Deslouches B, Walton WG, Redinbo MR, Di YP. Enhanced biofilm prevention activity of a SPLUNC1-derived antimicrobial peptide against Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203621. [PMID: 30216370 PMCID: PMC6138395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SPLUNC1 is a multifunctional protein of the airway with antimicrobial properties. We previously reported that it displayed antibiofilm activities against P. aeruginosa. The goal of this study was to determine whether (1) the antibiofilm property is broad (including S. aureus, another prevalent organism in cystic fibrosis); (2) the α4 region is responsible for such activity; and (3), if so, this motif could be structurally optimized as an antimicrobial peptide with enhanced activities. We used S. aureus biofilm-prevention assays to determine bacterial biomass in the presence of SPLUNC1 and SPLUNC1Δα4 recombinant proteins, or SPLUNC1-derived peptides (α4 and α4M1), using the well-established crystal-violet biofilm detection assay. The SPLUNC1Δα4 showed markedly reduced biofilm prevention compared to the parent protein. Surprisingly, the 30-residue long α4 motif alone demonstrated minimal biofilm prevention activities. However, structural optimization of the α4 motif resulted in a modified peptide (α4M1) with significantly enhanced antibiofilm properties against methicillin–sensitive (MSSA) and–resistant (MRSA) S. aureus, including six different clinical strains of MRSA and the well-known USA300. Hemolytic activity was undetectable at up to 100μM for the peptides. The data warrant further investigation of α4-derived AMPs to explore the potential application of antimicrobial peptides to combat bacterial biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Yu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Berthony Deslouches
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - William G. Walton
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Redinbo
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Y. Peter Di
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The Role of BPIFA1 in Upper Airway Microbial Infections and Correlated Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2021890. [PMID: 30255091 PMCID: PMC6140130 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2021890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mucosa is part of the first line of immune defense against pathogen exposure in humans and prevents viral and bacterial infection of the soft palate, lungs, uvula, and nasal cavity that comprise the ear-nose-throat (ENT) region. Bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family A, member 1 (BPIFA1) is a secretory protein found in human upper aerodigestive tract mucosa. This innate material is secreted in mucosal fluid or found in submucosal tissue in the human soft palate, lung, uvula, and nasal cavity. BPIFA1 is a critical component of the innate immune response that prevents upper airway diseases. This review will provide a brief introduction of the roles of BPIFA1 in the upper airway (with a focus on the nasal cavity, sinus, and middle ear), specifically its history, identification, distribution in various human tissues, function, and diagnostic value in various upper airway infectious diseases.
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Strug LJ, Stephenson AL, Panjwani N, Harris A. Recent advances in developing therapeutics for cystic fibrosis. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:R173-R186. [PMID: 30060192 PMCID: PMC6061831 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite hope that a cure was imminent when the causative gene was cloned nearly 30 years ago, cystic fibrosis (CF [MIM: 219700]) remains a life-shortening disease affecting more than 70 000 individuals worldwide. However, within the last 6 years the Food and Drug Administration's approval of Ivacaftor, the first drug that corrects the defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein [CFTR (MIM: 602421)] in patients with the G551D mutation, marks a watershed in the development of novel therapeutics for this devastating disease. Here we review recent progress in diverse research areas, which all focus on curing CF at the genetic, biochemical or physiological level. In the near future it seems probable that development of mutation-specific therapies will be the focus, since it is unlikely that any one approach will be efficient in correcting the more than 2000 disease-associated variants. We discuss the new drugs and combinations of drugs that either enhance delivery of misfolded CFTR protein to the cell membrane, where it functions as an ion channel, or that activate channel opening. Next we consider approaches to correct the causative genetic lesion at the DNA or RNA level, through repressing stop mutations and nonsense-mediated decay, modulating splice mutations, fixing errors by gene editing or using novel routes to gene replacement. Finally, we explore how modifier genes, loci elsewhere in the genome that modify CF disease severity, may be used to restore a normal phenotype. Progress in all of these areas has been dramatic, generating enthusiasm that CF may soon become a broadly treatable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Strug
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne L Stephenson
- Department of Respirology, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naim Panjwani
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Moore PJ, Tarran R. The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) as a therapeutic target for cystic fibrosis lung disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:687-701. [PMID: 30028216 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1501361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that codes for the CFTR anion channel. In the absence of functional CFTR, the epithelial Na+ channel is also dysregulated. Airway surface liquid (ASL) hydration is maintained by a balance between epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)-led Na+ absorption and CFTR-dependent anion secretion. This finely tuned homeostatic mechanism is required to maintain sufficient airway hydration to permit the efficient mucus clearance necessary for a sterile lung environment. In CF airways, the lack of CFTR and increased ENaC activity lead to ASL/mucus dehydration that causes mucus obstruction, neutrophilic infiltration, and chronic bacterial infection. Rehydration of ASL/mucus in CF airways can be achieved by inhibiting Na+ absorption with pharmacological inhibitors of ENaC. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss ENaC structure and function and its role in CF lung disease and focus on ENaC inhibition as a potential therapeutic target to rehydrate CF mucus. We also discuss the failure of the first generation of pharmacological inhibitors of ENaC and recent alternate strategies to attenuate ENaC activity in the CF lung. Expert opinion: ENaC is an attractive therapeutic target to rehydrate CF ASL that may serve as a monotherapy or function in parallel with other treatments. Given the increased number of strategies being employed to inhibit ENaC, this is an exciting and optimistic time to be in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Moore
- a Marsico Lung Institute , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- a Marsico Lung Institute , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,b Department of Cell Biology & Physiology , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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Moore PJ, Reidel B, Ghosh A, Sesma J, Kesimer M, Tarran R. Cigarette smoke modifies and inactivates SPLUNC1, leading to airway dehydration. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800345R. [PMID: 29890087 PMCID: PMC6219833 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800345r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a growing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure, a major cause of COPD, dysregulates airway epithelial ion transport and diminishes airway surface liquid (ASL) volume. Short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is secreted into the airway lumen where it maintains airway hydration via interactions with the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). Although ASL hydration is dysregulated in CS-exposed/COPD airways, effects of CS on SPLUNC1 have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that CS alters SPLUNC1 activity, therefore contributing to ASL dehydration. CS exposure caused irreversible SPLUNC1 aggregation and prevented SPLUNC1 from internalizing ENaC and maintaining ASL hydration. Proteomic analysis revealed αβ-unsaturated aldehyde modifications to SPLUNC1's cysteine residues. Removal of these cysteines prevented SPLUNC1 from regulating ENaC/ASL volume. In contrast, SPX-101, a peptide mimetic of natural SPLUNC1, that internalizes ENaC, but does not contain cysteines was unaffected by CS. SPX-101 increased ASL hydration and attenuated ENaC activity in airway cultures after CS exposure and prolonged survival in a chronic airway disease model. These findings suggest that the CS-induced defects in SPLUNC1 can be circumvented, thus making SPX-101 a novel candidate for the treatment of mucus dehydration in COPD. -Moore, P. J., Reidel, B., Ghosh, A., Sesma, J., Kesimer, M., Tarran, R. Cigarette smoke modifies and inactivates SPLUNC1, leading to airway dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Moore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Boris Reidel
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arunava Ghosh
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Tagalakis AD, Munye MM, Ivanova R, Chen H, Smith CM, Aldossary AM, Rosa LZ, Moulding D, Barnes JL, Kafetzis KN, Jones SA, Baines DL, Moss GWJ, O'Callaghan C, McAnulty RJ, Hart SL. Effective silencing of ENaC by siRNA delivered with epithelial-targeted nanocomplexes in human cystic fibrosis cells and in mouse lung. Thorax 2018; 73:847-856. [PMID: 29748250 PMCID: PMC6109249 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loss of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in cystic fibrosis (CF) leads to hyperabsorption of sodium and fluid from the airway due to upregulation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Thickened mucus and depleted airway surface liquid (ASL) then lead to impaired mucociliary clearance. ENaC regulation is thus a promising target for CF therapy. Our aim was to develop siRNA nanocomplexes that mediate effective silencing of airway epithelial ENaC in vitro and in vivo with functional correction of epithelial ion and fluid transport. METHODS We investigated translocation of nanocomplexes through mucus and their transfection efficiency in primary CF epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface (ALI).Short interfering RNA (SiRNA)-mediated silencing was examined by quantitative RT-PCR and western analysis of ENaC. Transepithelial potential (Vt), short circuit current (Isc), ASL depth and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) were measured for functional analysis. Inflammation was analysed by histological analysis of normal mouse lung tissue sections. RESULTS Nanocomplexes translocated more rapidly than siRNA alone through mucus. Transfections of primary CF epithelial cells with nanocomplexes targeting αENaC siRNA, reduced αENaC and βENaC mRNA by 30%. Transfections reduced Vt, the amiloride-sensitive Isc and mucus protein concentration while increasing ASL depth and CBF to normal levels. A single dose of siRNA in mouse lung silenced ENaC by approximately 30%, which persisted for at least 7 days. Three doses of siRNA increased silencing to approximately 50%. CONCLUSION Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of ENaCsiRNA to ALI cultures corrected aspects of the mucociliary defect in human CF cells and offers effective delivery and silencing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristides D Tagalakis
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Mustafa M Munye
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Rositsa Ivanova
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hanpeng Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire M Smith
- Respiratory, Critical Care and Anaesthesia, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ahmad M Aldossary
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Luca Z Rosa
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Dale Moulding
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Konstantinos N Kafetzis
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Stuart A Jones
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Deborah L Baines
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Guy W J Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- Respiratory, Critical Care and Anaesthesia, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Robin J McAnulty
- UCL Respiratory Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, London, UK
| | - Stephen L Hart
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Kim CS, Ahmad S, Wu T, Walton WG, Redinbo MR, Tarran R. SPLUNC1 is an allosteric modulator of the epithelial sodium channel. FASEB J 2018; 32:2478-2491. [PMID: 29295861 PMCID: PMC5901381 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701126r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common genetic disease with significantly increased mortality. CF airways exhibit ion transport abnormalities, including hyperactivity of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). Short-palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is a multifunctional innate defense protein that is secreted into the airway lumen. We have previously demonstrated that SPLUNC1 binds to and inhibits ENaC to maintain fluid homeostasis in airway epithelia and that this process fails in CF airways. Despite this, how SPLUNC1 actually regulates ENaC is unknown. Here, we found that SPLUNC1 caused αγ-ENaC to internalize, whereas SPLUNC1 and β-ENaC remained at the plasma membrane. Additional studies revealed that SPLUNC1 increased neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4-2-dependent ubiquitination of α- but not β- or γ-ENaC. We also labeled intracellular ENaC termini with green fluorescent protein and mCherry, and found that extracellular SPLUNC1 altered intracellular ENaC Forster resonance energy transfer. Taken together, our data indicate that SPLUNC1 is an allosteric regulator of ENaC that dissociates αβγ-ENaC to generate a new SPLUNC1-β-ENaC complex. These data indicate a novel mode for regulating ENaC at the plasma membrane.-Kim, C. S., Ahmad, S., Wu, T., Walton, W. G., Redinbo, M. R., Tarran, R. SPLUNC1 is an allosteric modulator of the epithelial sodium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Seulki Kim
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Saira Ahmad
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tongde Wu
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - William G. Walton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew R. Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Amatngalim GD, Schrumpf JA, Dishchekenian F, Mertens TC, Ninaber DK, van der Linden AC, Pilette C, Taube C, Hiemstra PS, van der Does AM. Aberrant epithelial differentiation by cigarette smoke dysregulates respiratory host defence. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:13993003.01009-2017. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01009-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is currently unknown how cigarette smoke-induced airway remodelling affects highly expressed respiratory epithelial defence proteins and thereby mucosal host defence.Localisation of a selected set of highly expressed respiratory epithelial host defence proteins was assessed in well-differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cell (PBEC) cultures. Next, PBEC were cultured at the air–liquid interface, and during differentiation for 2–3 weeks exposed daily to whole cigarette smoke. Gene expression, protein levels and epithelial cell markers were subsequently assessed. In addition, functional activities and persistence of the cigarette smoke-induced effects upon cessation were determined.Expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and long and short PLUNC (palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone protein) was restricted to luminal cells and exposure of differentiating PBECs to cigarette smoke resulted in a selective reduction of the expression of these luminal cell-restricted respiratory host defence proteins compared to controls. This reduced expression was a consequence of cigarette smoke-impaired end-stage differentiation of epithelial cells, and accompanied by a significant decreased transepithelial transport of IgA and bacterial killing.These findings shed new light on the importance of airway epithelial cell differentiation in respiratory host defence and could provide an additional explanation for the increased susceptibility of smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to respiratory infections.
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43
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Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R, Lazrak A, Matalon S. Therapeutic attenuation of the epithelial sodium channel with a SPLUNC1-derived peptide in airway diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L239-L242. [PMID: 29351436 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00516.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | | | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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44
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An innate defense peptide BPIFA1/SPLUNC1 restricts influenza A virus infection. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:71-81. [PMID: 28513596 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium secretes proteins that function in innate defense against infection. Bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing family member A1 (BPIFA1) is secreted into airways and has a protective role during bacterial infections, but it is not known whether it also has an antiviral role. To determine a role in host defense against influenza A virus (IAV) infection and to find the underlying defense mechanism, we developed transgenic mouse models that are deficient in BPIFA1 and used these, in combination with in vitro three-dimensional mouse tracheal epithelial cell (mTEC) cultures, to investigate its antiviral properties. We show that BPIFA1 has a significant role in mucosal defense against IAV infection. BPIFA1 secretion was highly modulated after IAV infection. Mice deficient in BPIFA1 lost more weight after infection, supported a higher viral load and virus reached the peripheral lung earlier, indicative of a defect in the control of infection. Further analysis using mTEC cultures showed that BPIFA1-deficient cells bound more virus particles, displayed increased nuclear import of IAV ribonucleoprotein complexes, and supported higher levels of viral replication. Our results identify a critical role of BPIFA1 in the initial phase of infection by inhibiting the binding and entry of IAV into airway epithelial cells.
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45
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De Smet EG, Seys LJM, Verhamme FM, Vanaudenaerde BM, Brusselle GG, Bingle CD, Bracke KR. Association of innate defense proteins BPIFA1 and BPIFB1 with disease severity in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 13:11-27. [PMID: 29296079 PMCID: PMC5741069 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s144136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by an abnormal inflammatory response in the lungs caused by the inhalation of noxious particles and gases. The airway epithelium has a protective function against these harmful agents by maintaining a physical barrier and by secreting defensive proteins, such as bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing (BPIF) proteins, BPIFA1 and BPIFB1. However, inconsistent data regarding BPIFA1 expression in smokers and COPD patients have been reported to date. Therefore, we investigated the expression of BPIFA1 and BPIFB1 in a large cohort of never-smokers and smokers with and without COPD, both on the messenger RNA (mRNA) level in lung tissue and on the protein level in airway epithelium. Furthermore, we examined the correlation between BPIFA1 and BPIFB1 levels, goblet cell hyperplasia, and lung function measurements. BPIFA1 and BPIFB1 mRNA expressions were significantly increased in stage III-IV COPD patients compared with stage II COPD patients and subjects without COPD. In addition, protein levels in COPD patients were significantly increased in comparison with subjects without COPD. BPIFA1 and BPIFB1 levels were inversely correlated with measurements of airflow limitation and positively correlated with goblet cell hyperplasia. In addition, by the use of immunofluorescence double staining, we demonstrated the expression of BPIFB1 in goblet cells. In conclusion, we show that BPIFA1 and BPIFB1 levels are elevated in COPD patients and correlate with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise G De Smet
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen JM Seys
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fien M Verhamme
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart M Vanaudenaerde
- Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Colin D Bingle
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ken R Bracke
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Lennox A, Myerburg MM. SPX-101 Is a Promising and Novel Nebulized ENaC Inhibitor. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:671-672. [PMID: 28609635 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201705-0928ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Lennox
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mike M Myerburg
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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47
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Ion channels as targets to treat cystic fibrosis lung disease. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 17:S22-S27. [PMID: 29102290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung health relies on effective mucociliary clearance and innate immune defence mechanisms. In cystic fibrosis (CF), an imbalance in ion transport due to an absence of chloride ion secretion, caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and a concomitant sodium hyperabsorption, caused by dyregulation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), results in mucus stasis which predisposes the lungs to cycles of chronic infection and inflammation leading to lung function decline. An increased understanding of CFTR structure and function has provided opportunity for the development of a number of novel modulators targeting mutant CFTR however, it is important to also consider other ion channels and transporters present in the airways as putative targets for drug development. In this review, we discuss recent advances in CFTR biology which will contribute to further drug discovery in the field. We also examine developments to inhibit the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and potentially activate alternative chloride channels and transporters as a multi-tracked strategy to hydrate CF airways and restore normal mucociliary clearance mechanisms in a manner independent of CFTR mutation.
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Bartoszewski R, Matalon S, Collawn JF. Ion channels of the lung and their role in disease pathogenesis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L859-L872. [PMID: 29025712 PMCID: PMC5792182 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00285.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of normal epithelial ion and water transport in the lungs includes providing a thin layer of surface liquid that coats the conducting airways. This airway surface liquid is critical for normal lung function in a number of ways but, perhaps most importantly, is required for normal mucociliary clearance and bacterial removal. Preservation of the appropriate level of hydration, pH, and viscosity for the airway surface liquid requires the proper regulation and function of a battery of different types of ion channels and transporters. Here we discuss how alterations in ion channel/transporter function often lead to lung pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
- Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Terryah ST, Fellner RC, Ahmad S, Moore PJ, Reidel B, Sesma JI, Kim CS, Garland AL, Scott DW, Sabater JR, Carpenter J, Randell SH, Kesimer M, Abraham WM, Arendshorst WJ, Tarran R. Evaluation of a SPLUNC1-derived peptide for the treatment of cystic fibrosis lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L192-L205. [PMID: 28982737 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00546.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF) lungs, epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) hyperactivity causes a reduction in airway surface liquid volume, leading to decreased mucocilliary clearance, chronic bacterial infection, and lung damage. Inhibition of ENaC is an attractive therapeutic option. However, ENaC antagonists have failed clinically because of off-target effects in the kidney. The S18 peptide is a naturally occurring short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1)-derived ENaC antagonist that restores airway surface liquid height for up to 24 h in CF human bronchial epithelial cultures. However, its efficacy and safety in vivo are unknown. To interrogate the potential clinical efficacy of S18, we assessed its safety and efficacy using human airway cultures and animal models. S18-mucus interactions were tested using superresolution microscopy, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, and confocal microscopy. Human and murine airway cultures were used to measure airway surface liquid height. Off-target effects were assessed in conscious mice and anesthetized rats. Morbidity and mortality were assessed in the β-ENaC-transgenic (Tg) mouse model. Restoration of normal mucus clearance was measured in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitor 172 [CFTR(inh)-172]-challenged sheep. We found that S18 does not interact with mucus and rapidly penetrated dehydrated CF mucus. Compared with amiloride, an early generation ENaC antagonist, S18 displayed a superior ability to slow airway surface liquid absorption, reverse CFTR(inh)-172-induced reduction of mucus transport, and reduce morbidity and mortality in the β-ENaC-Tg mouse, all without inducing any detectable signs of renal toxicity. These data suggest that S18 is the first naturally occurring ENaC antagonist to show improved preclinical efficacy in animal models of CF with no signs of renal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn T Terryah
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert C Fellner
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Saira Ahmad
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Patrick J Moore
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Boris Reidel
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Christine S Kim
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alaina L Garland
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Juan R Sabater
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center , Miami Beach, Florida
| | - Jerome Carpenter
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott H Randell
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - William M Abraham
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center , Miami Beach, Florida
| | - William J Arendshorst
- Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert Tarran
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Scott DW, Walker MP, Sesma J, Wu B, Stuhlmiller TJ, Sabater JR, Abraham WM, Crowder TM, Christensen DJ, Tarran R. SPX-101 Is a Novel Epithelial Sodium Channel-targeted Therapeutic for Cystic Fibrosis That Restores Mucus Transport. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:734-744. [PMID: 28481660 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201612-2445oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is caused by the loss of function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) combined with hyperactivation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). In the lung, ENaC is responsible for movement of sodium. Hyperactivation of ENaC, which creates an osmotic gradient that pulls fluid out of the airway, contributes to reduced airway hydration, causing mucus dehydration, decreased mucociliary clearance, and recurrent acute bacterial infections. ENaC represents a therapeutic target to treat all patients with CF independent of their underlying CFTR mutation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of SPX-101, a peptide mimetic of the natural regulation of ENaC activity by short palate, lung, and nasal epithelial clone 1, known as SPLUNC1. METHODS ENaC internalization by SPX-101 in primary human bronchial epithelial cells from healthy and CF donors was assessed by surface biotinylation and subsequent Western blot analysis. SPX-101's in vivo therapeutic effect was assessed by survival of β-ENaC-transgenic mice, mucus transport in these mice, and mucus transport in a sheep model of CF. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS SPX-101 binds selectively to ENaC and promotes internalization of the α-, β-, and γ-subunits. Removing ENaC from the membrane with SPX-101 causes a significant decrease in amiloride-sensitive current. The peptide increases survival of β-ENaC-transgenic mice to greater than 90% with once-daily dosing by inhalation. SPX-101 increased mucus transport in the β-ENaC mouse model as well as the sheep model of CF. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that SPX-101 promotes durable reduction of ENaC membrane concentration, leading to significant improvements in mucus transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bryant Wu
- 1 Spyryx Biosciences, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Juan R Sabater
- 2 Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida; and
| | - William M Abraham
- 2 Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida; and
| | | | | | - Robert Tarran
- 1 Spyryx Biosciences, Durham, North Carolina.,3 Marsico Lung Institute and.,4 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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