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Jiang Y, Wu L, Zhu X, Bian H, Gao X, Xia M. Advances in management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:95. [PMID: 38566209 PMCID: PMC10985930 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease that affects over 30% of the world's population. For decades, the heterogeneity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has impeded our understanding of the disease mechanism and the development of effective medications. However, a recent change in the nomenclature from NAFLD to MASLD emphasizes the critical role of systemic metabolic dysfunction in the pathophysiology of this disease and therefore promotes the progress in the pharmaceutical treatment of MASLD. In this review, we focus on the mechanism underlying the abnormality of hepatic lipid metabolism in patients with MASLD, and summarize the latest progress in the therapeutic medications of MASLD that target metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Integrated Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hua Bian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wusong Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Esler WP, Cohen DE. Pharmacologic inhibition of lipogenesis for the treatment of NAFLD. J Hepatol 2024; 80:362-377. [PMID: 37977245 PMCID: PMC10842769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The hepatic accumulation of excess triglycerides is a seminal event in the initiation and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatic steatosis occurs when the hepatic accrual of fatty acids from the plasma and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is no longer balanced by rates of fatty acid oxidation and secretion of very low-density lipoprotein-triglycerides. Accumulating data indicate that increased rates of DNL are central to the development of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD. Whereas the main drivers in NAFLD are transcriptional, owing to both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycaemia, the effectors of DNL are a series of well-characterised enzymes. Several have proven amenable to pharmacologic inhibition or oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown, with lead compounds showing liver fat-lowering efficacy in phase II clinical trials. In humans with NAFLD, percent reductions in liver fat have closely mirrored percent inhibition of DNL, thereby affirming the critical contributions of DNL to NAFLD pathogenesis. The safety profiles of these compounds have so far been encouraging. It is anticipated that inhibitors of DNL, when administered alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, will become important agents in the management of human NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Esler
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA 02139 United States.
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States.
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3
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Syed-Abdul MM. Lipid Metabolism in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Metabolites 2023; 14:12. [PMID: 38248815 PMCID: PMC10818604 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a cluster of pathological conditions primarily developed due to the accumulation of ectopic fat in the hepatocytes. During the severe form of the disease, i.e., metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), accumulated lipids promote lipotoxicity, resulting in cellular inflammation, oxidative stress, and hepatocellular ballooning. If left untreated, the advanced form of the disease progresses to fibrosis of the tissue, resulting in irreversible hepatic cirrhosis or the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Although numerous mechanisms have been identified as significant contributors to the development and advancement of MASLD, altered lipid metabolism continues to stand out as a major factor contributing to the disease. This paper briefly discusses the dysregulation in lipid metabolism during various stages of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
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Matsukawa T, Yagi T, Uchida T, Sakai M, Mitsushima M, Naganuma T, Yano H, Inaba Y, Inoue H, Yanagida K, Uematsu M, Nakao K, Nakao H, Aiba A, Nagashima Y, Kubota T, Kubota N, Izumida Y, Yahagi N, Unoki-Kubota H, Kaburagi Y, Asahara SI, Kido Y, Shindou H, Itoh M, Ogawa Y, Minami S, Terauchi Y, Tobe K, Ueki K, Kasuga M, Matsumoto M. Hepatic FASN deficiency differentially affects nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes in mouse obesity models. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e161282. [PMID: 37681411 PMCID: PMC10544238 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes are interacting comorbidities of obesity, and increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), driven by hyperinsulinemia and carbohydrate overload, contributes to their pathogenesis. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme of hepatic DNL, is upregulated in association with insulin resistance. However, the therapeutic potential of targeting FASN in hepatocytes for obesity-associated metabolic diseases is unknown. Here, we show that hepatic FASN deficiency differentially affects NAFLD and diabetes depending on the etiology of obesity. Hepatocyte-specific ablation of FASN ameliorated NAFLD and diabetes in melanocortin 4 receptor-deficient mice but not in mice with diet-induced obesity. In leptin-deficient mice, FASN ablation alleviated hepatic steatosis and improved glucose tolerance but exacerbated fed hyperglycemia and liver dysfunction. The beneficial effects of hepatic FASN deficiency on NAFLD and glucose metabolism were associated with suppression of DNL and attenuation of gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, respectively. The exacerbation of fed hyperglycemia by FASN ablation in leptin-deficient mice appeared attributable to impairment of hepatic glucose uptake triggered by glycogen accumulation and citrate-mediated inhibition of glycolysis. Further investigation of the therapeutic potential of hepatic FASN inhibition for NAFLD and diabetes in humans should thus consider the etiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Matsukawa
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yagi
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioregulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tohru Uchida
- Department of Nutrition Management, Faculty of Health Science, Hyogo University, Kakogawa, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mashito Sakai
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mitsushima
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Naganuma
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yano
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioregulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Inaba
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, and
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, and
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuki Nakao
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Harumi Nakao
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Surgical Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Therapy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Izumida
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoya Yahagi
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Unoki-Kubota
- Department of Diabetic Complications, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, NCGM, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kaburagi
- Department of Diabetic Complications, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, NCGM, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun-ichiro Asahara
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Yoshiaki Kido
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Division of Medical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism and Disease, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Life Science, NCGM, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Lipid Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Itoh
- Department of Metabolic Syndrome and Nutritional Science, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shiro Minami
- Department of Bioregulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, NCGM, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Kasuga
- The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
- Course of Advanced and Specialized Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Singh S, Karthikeyan C, Moorthy NSHN. Classification analysis of fatty acid synthase inhibitors using multialgorithms on topological descriptors and structural fingerprints. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:395-407. [PMID: 36065591 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is one of the enzymes required for fatty acid biosynthesis and is expressed as low or absent in most normal cells/tissues. However, this enzyme is upregulated in various cancer cells; hence, it can act as an important target to design and develop novel FASN inhibitors for cancer therapy. In the present investigation, a series of structurally diverse compounds that possessed FASN inhibitory activities were subjected to classification analysis using different algorithms such as support vector machine, decision tree, Naïve Bayes and random forest. The physicochemical descriptors and MACCS fingerprints were calculated using PaDEL software, and the WEKA software was utilized for the classification model building. The statistical parameters/confusion matrix calculated from the analysis revealed that the selected models have significant predictive performances. The results showed that the topological properties of the molecules are the main determinant for the activity classification. The key descriptors comprised of hydrogen bonding groups, especially acceptor (nHBAcc, minHBint9, minHBint5 and nwHBa), charge on the topological surface of the molecules (JGI10 & GGI2), ionization potential (GATS5i and GATS1i) and branching and distance between the groups (ETA_Eta_B_RC) are significantly contributed in the classification models. Further, the presence of heteroatoms (MACCSFP82, MACCSFP93 and MACCSFP131), especially nitrogen atom(s) and hydrogen bond acceptor groups (N-N group, NC(=O)N, N-C(=O)), actively contributed to the inhibitory activities. The results concluded that the topological polar properties concentrated in a specific region have significant FASN inhibitory activity. Hence, these results shall be used to develop novel molecules with increased FASN inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Singh
- Cancept Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India
| | - Chandrabose Karthikeyan
- Cancept Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India
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Potential Therapies Targeting the Metabolic Reprogramming of Diabetes-Associated Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13010157. [PMID: 36675817 PMCID: PMC9861470 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, diabetes-associated breast cancer has become a significant clinical challenge. Diabetes is not only a risk factor for breast cancer but also worsens its prognosis. Patients with diabetes usually show hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, which are accompanied by different glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism disorders. Metabolic abnormalities observed in diabetes can induce the occurrence and development of breast cancer. The changes in substrate availability and hormone environment not only create a favorable metabolic environment for tumorigenesis but also induce metabolic reprogramming events required for breast cancer cell transformation. Metabolic reprogramming is the basis for the development, swift proliferation, and survival of cancer cells. Metabolism must also be reprogrammed to support the energy requirements of the biosynthetic processes in cancer cells. In addition, metabolic reprogramming is essential to enable cancer cells to overcome apoptosis signals and promote invasion and metastasis. This review aims to describe the major metabolic changes in diabetes and outline how cancer cells can use cellular metabolic changes to drive abnormal growth and proliferation. We will specifically examine the mechanism of metabolic reprogramming by which diabetes may promote the development of breast cancer, focusing on the role of glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism in this process and potential therapeutic targets. Although diabetes-associated breast cancer has always been a common health problem, research focused on finding treatments suitable for the specific needs of patients with concurrent conditions is still limited. Most studies are still currently in the pre-clinical stage and mainly focus on reprogramming the glucose metabolism. More research targeting the amino acid and lipid metabolism is needed.
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Singh S, Karthikeyan C, Moorthy NSHN. Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN): A Patent Review Since 2016-Present. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2023; 19:PRA-EPUB-128818. [PMID: 36644868 DOI: 10.2174/1574892818666230112170003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fatty acid synthase (FASN), is a key metabolic enzyme involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and is an essential target for multiple disease progressions like cancer, obesity, NAFLD, etc. Aberrant expression of FASN is associated with deregulated energy metabolism of cells in these diseases. AREA COVERED This article provides a summary of the most recent developments in the discovery of novel FASN inhibitors with potential therapeutic uses in cancer, obesity, and other metabolic disorders such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from 2016 to the present. The recently published patent applications and forthcoming clinical data of FASN inhibitors from both academia and the pharma industries are also highlighted in this study. EXPERT OPINION The implication of FASN in multiple diseases has provided an impetus for developing novel inhibitors by both pharma companies and academia. Critical analysis of the patent literature reveals the exploration of diverse molecular scaffolds to identify potential FASN inhibitors that target the different catalytic domains of the enzyme. In spite of these multifaceted efforts, only one molecule, TVB-2640, has reached phase II trials for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and many malignancies. However, thecombined efforts of pharma companies to produce several FASN inhibitors might facilitate the clinical translation of this unique class of inhibitors. Nevertheless, concerted efforts towards developing multiple FASN inhibitors by pharma companies might facilitate the clinical translation of this novel class of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak (MP)-484887, India
| | - Chandrabose Karthikeyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak (MP)-484887, India
| | - N S Hari Narayana Moorthy
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak (MP)-484887, India
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Yu Y, Zhu Z, Ding M, Wang B, Guo Y, Tian Y, Jiang R, Sun G, Han R, Kang X, Yan F. Effect of Pseudostellaria heterophylla polysaccharide on the growth and liver metabolism of chicks. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad368. [PMID: 37931159 PMCID: PMC10656294 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of Pseudostellaria heterophylla polysaccharide (PHP) on the growth, development, and liver metabolism of chicks were investigated by feeding chicks diets. Four hundred 7-d-old Gushi roosters were selected and randomly divided into four groups, labeled A, B, C, and D. Group A was fed the basal diet, and Groups B, C, and D were fed 100, 200, and 400 mg PHP per kilogram of basal diet, respectively. At 14, 21, 28 and 35 d of age, five chicks were randomly selected from each group to collect samples for index detection. The results showed that compared with Group A, there were significant reduction in average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed-to-weight ratio (F/G) at 14, 21, and 28 d (P < 0.05), significant increase in average daily gain (ADG) at 21, 28 d (P < 0.05), significantly increased levels of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), insulin (INS), thyroxine (T3), growth hormone (GH) at 14, 28 d (P < 0.05), significantly decreased levels of glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), glucagon (GC), and triglyceride (TG) at 28 d in Group C (P < 0.05). There were significantly increased levels of TP, ALB at 14, 21 d (P < 0.05), significantly increased level of TP at 35 d (P < 0.05), significantly increased level of GH at 28 d (P < 0.05), significantly decreased levels of GLU, GC at 28 d (P < 0.05), significant reduction in F/G at 14, 21 d in Groups B and D (P < 0.05). Based on the above results, the livers from chicks in Groups A and C at 28 d were selected for transcriptome sequencing. The sequencing results showed that significantly differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) were enriched in growth and development, oxidative phosphorylation, the PPAR signaling pathway and the lipid metabolism pathway. All these results revealed that the addition of 200 mg/kg PHP in the diet promoted the growth and development, lipid metabolism and energy metabolism of chicks, inhibit inflammation and tumor development, and improve the function of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yange Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengxia Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Bingxin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guirong Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruili Han
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Fengbin Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Acetyl-CoA-mediated autoacetylation of fatty acid synthase as a metabolic switch of de novo lipogenesis in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2212220119. [PMID: 36459649 PMCID: PMC9894184 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212220119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo lipogenesis is a highly regulated metabolic process, which is known to be activated through transcriptional regulation of lipogenic genes, including fatty acid synthase (FASN). Unexpectedly, we find that the expression of FASN protein remains unchanged during Drosophila larval development from the second to the third instar larval stages (L2 to L3) when lipogenesis is hyperactive. Instead, acetylation of FASN is significantly upregulated in fast-growing larvae. We further show that lysine K813 residue is highly acetylated in developing larvae, and its acetylation is required for elevated FASN activity, body fat accumulation, and normal development. Intriguingly, K813 is autoacetylated by acetyl-CoA (AcCoA) in a dosage-dependent manner independent of acetyltransferases. Mechanistically, the autoacetylation of K813 is mediated by a novel P-loop-like motif (N-xx-G-x-A). Lastly, we find that K813 is deacetylated by Sirt1, which brings FASN activity to baseline level. In summary, this work uncovers a previously unappreciated role of FASN acetylation in developmental lipogenesis and a novel mechanism for protein autoacetylation, through which Drosophila larvae control metabolic homeostasis by linking AcCoA, lysine acetylation, and de novo lipogenesis.
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Zhao Y, Hao Q, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Ran C, Xu Q, Wu C, Liu W, Li S, Zhang Z, Zhou Z. Nuclease treatment enhanced the ameliorative effect of yeast culture on epidermal mucus, hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation response and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:1182-1191. [PMID: 36403702 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a functional feed additive, yeast cultures are rich in nucleotides, and adding extra nuclease can significantly increase the content of nucleotides in yeast culture. In this experiment, the effects on growth, epidermal mucus, liver and intestinal health of zebrafish were evaluated by supplementing the yeast culture or nuclease-treated yeast culture with a high-fat diet (HFD). One-month-old zebrafish were fed four diets: normal diet (NORM), HFD, yeast culture diet (YC), and nuclease-treated yeast culture diet (YC (N)) for three weeks. Results showed that the complement 4 activity of the epidermal mucus in YC (N) group was significantly higher than those in HFD and YC groups (P < 0.05). The YC and YC (N) significantly reduced the content of hepatic triglyceride caused by HFD (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the YC group, the YC (N) significantly increased the expression of lipolysis genes, such as PPARα, PGC1α, ACOX3 (P < 0.05). Compared with the YC group, the YC (N) group significantly increased the expression of liver pro-inflammatory factors TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β and anti-inflammatory factors TGFβ, IL-10 (P < 0.05). The diet YC and YC (N) significantly improved the height of the intestinal villus (P < 0.05). Compared with the HFD group, the YC (N) group significantly increased the expression of intestinal pro-inflammatory factors TNFα, IL-6 and anti-inflammatory factors TGFβ, IL-10 (P < 0.05). The YC (N) group significantly decreased the abundance of intestinal Proteobacteria and Acinetobacter, and increased the abundance of intestinal Actinobacteria, Mycobacterium and Rhodobacter (P < 0.05). In conclusion, compared with the supplement of yeast culture, nuclease treated yeast culture can further alleviate the adverse effects of HFD on liver and intestinal health, and be used as feed additives for the nutritional and immune regulation of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhao
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China; China -Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- China -Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Qingshuang Zhang
- China -Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiyou Xu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Chenglong Wu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Wenshu Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Siming Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China; China -Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China.
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11
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Oluwadare J, Cabodevilla AG, Son NH, Hu Y, Mullick AE, Verano M, Alemán JO, Ramasamy R, Goldberg IJ. Blocking Lipid Uptake Pathways Does not Prevent Toxicity in Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL) Deficiency. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100274. [PMID: 36115595 PMCID: PMC9618837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in nonadipose tissues can cause lipotoxicity, leading to cell death and severe organ dysfunction. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) deficiency causes human neutral lipid storage disease and leads to cardiomyopathy; ATGL deficiency has no current treatment. One possible approach to alleviate this disorder has been to alter the diet and reduce the supply of dietary lipids and, hence, myocardial lipid uptake. However, in this study, when we supplied cardiac Atgl KO mice a low- or high-fat diet, we found that heart lipid accumulation, heart dysfunction, and death were not altered. We next deleted lipid uptake pathways in the ATGL-deficient mice through the generation of double KO mice also deficient in either cardiac lipoprotein lipase or cluster of differentiation 36, which is involved in an lipoprotein lipase-independent pathway for FA uptake in the heart. We show that neither deletion ameliorated ATGL-deficient heart dysfunction. Similarly, we determined that non-lipid-containing media did not prevent lipid accumulation by cultured myocytes; rather, the cells switched to increased de novo FA synthesis. Thus, we conclude that pathological storage of lipids in ATGL deficiency cannot be corrected by reducing heart lipid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jide Oluwadare
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ainara G. Cabodevilla
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ni-Huiping Son
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yunying Hu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam E. Mullick
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Michael Verano
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose O. Alemán
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,For correspondence: Ira J. Goldberg
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12
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Yang L, Li JZ, Li MR. Progress in research of lipogenesis inhibitors for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:735-742. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i16.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main cause of chronic liver disease. At present, the main clinical treatment for NAFLD is diet adjustment, exercise, and weight loss, but the effect is poor, and there is still a lack of recognized drugs with significant efficacy in NAFLD. In recent years, with the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of NAFLD, it has been found that the core enzymes that inhibit intrahepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), including citrate/isocitrate carrier (CIC), ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), can improve hepatic steatosis and provide a new method for the treatment of NAFLD. This article reviews the research progress of five different types of lipogenesis inhibitors for treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jin-Zhong Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min-Ran Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
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13
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Cao D, Yang J, Deng Y, Su M, Wang Y, Feng X, Xiong Y, Bai E, Duan Y, Huang Y. Discovery of a mammalian FASN inhibitor against xenografts of non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:273. [PMID: 36002450 PMCID: PMC9402528 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Cao
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.,Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Meng Su
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yeji Wang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xueqiong Feng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Enhe Bai
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China. .,Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China. .,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China. .,Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China. .,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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14
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Jia M, Xiao Y, Zhang C, Jiang T, Huang Y, Gao J, Li Y, Zhou L. Mitoxantrone alleviates hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet in broilers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 627:52-59. [PMID: 36007336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common nutritional metabolic disease in poultry that seriously compromises the health of chickens and reduces the economic benefits of the industry. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of mitoxantrone (MTX) on hepatic steatosis in broilers. We constructed a steatosis cell model in vitro by adding oleic acid and palmitic acid to chicken hepatocytes (LMH cells), to examine influence of MTX on fat deposition on LMH cells. To determine the effects of MTX on hepatic steatosis in broiler livers in vivo, broilers were fed a high-fat diet to establish a fatty liver model. Our data show that MTX reduced the triglyceride (TG) levels and total cholesterol levels in LMH cells. In the MAFLD chick model, MTX decreased mRNA abundance of hepatic-lipid-synthesis-related gene such as FASN and increased mRNA abundance of fatty-acid-β-oxidation-related genes such as CPT1, PPARα, and reduced hepatic TG levels. MTX also reduced serum lipid and the percentage of abdominal fat. These results suggest that MTX improves hepatic steatosis in broilers as well as reduces circulating lipid levels and fat accumulation in broilers. Our work provides a promising therapeutic strategy for MAFLD and excessive fat accumulation in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004, PR China
| | - Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004, PR China
| | - Caiyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004, PR China
| | - Tianyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004, PR China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004, PR China
| | - Jiayi Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004, PR China
| | - Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004, PR China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004, PR China.
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15
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Impact of NAFLD and its pharmacotherapy on lipid profile and CVD. Atherosclerosis 2022; 355:30-44. [PMID: 35872444 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that, in addition to traditional metabolic risk factors such as obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance (IR), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging driver of ASCVD via multiple mechanisms, mainly by disrupting lipid metabolism. The lack of pharmaceutical treatment has spurred substantial investment in the research and development of NAFLD drugs. However, many reagents with promising therapeutic potential for NAFLD also have considerable impacts on the circulating lipid profile. In this review, we first summarize the mechanisms linking lipid dysregulation in NAFLD to the progression of ASCVD. Importantly, we highlight the potential risks of/benefits to ASCVD conferred by NAFLD pharmaceutical treatments and discuss potential strategies and next-generation drugs for treating NAFLD without the unwanted side effects.
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16
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Wang K, Li L, Jin J, An Y, Wang Z, Zhou S, Zhang J, Abuduaini B, Cheng C, Li N. Fatty acid synthase (Fasn) inhibits the expression levels of immune response genes via alteration of alternative splicing in islet cells. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108159. [PMID: 35210136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has shown that fatty acid synthase (Fasn) is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance, however, it remains unclear how Fasn upregulation leads to dysregulation of energy homeostasis in islet cells. Consequently, uncovering the function of Fasn in islet cells. Consequently, uncovering the function of FASN in islet cells is immensely important for finding a treatment target. AIM In this study, we elucidated the biological function of Fasn on the target genes in a rat insulinoma INS-1 cell line. METHODS We created a Fasn overexpressing rat insulinoma cell line (Fasn-OE), and performed bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) experiments on Fasn-OE and INS-1 (control) cells. We first identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using Bioconductor package edgeR, and then discovered enriched gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways using the KEGG Orthology Based Annotation System (KOBAS) 2.0 web server. Furthermore, we identified alternative splicing events (ASEs) and regulated alternative splicing events (RASEs) by applying the ABLas pipeline. The reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used for validation of selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Fasn-regulated alternative splicing genes (RASGs). RESULTS In this study we found that Fasn overexpression led to significant changes of gene expression profiles, including downregulations of mRNA levels of immune related genes, including Bst2, Ddit3, Isg15, Mx2, Oas1a, Oasl, and RT1-S3 in INS-1 cell line. Furthermore, Fasn positively regulated the expression of transcription factors such as Fat1 and Ncl diabetes-related genes. Importantly, Fasn overexpression to result in alternative splicing events including in a metabolism-associated ATP binding protein mRNA Abcc5. In Gene Ontology analysis, the downregulated genes in Fasn-OE cells were mainly enriched in inflammatory response and innate immune response. In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, the downregulated genes were mainly enriched in TNF signaling pathway and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that upregulation of Fasn may play a critical role in islet cell immunmetabolism via modifications of immune/inflammatory related genes on transcription and alternative splicing level, which provide novel insights into characterizing the function of Fasn in islet cell immunity and for the development of chemo/immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunling Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Yanli An
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Zhongjuan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Shiying Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Jiyuan Zhang
- The First Clinical Institute of Xinjiang Medical University
| | - Buzukela Abuduaini
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.
| | - Chao Cheng
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, 430075, China
| | - Ning Li
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, 430075, China
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17
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Gong K, Yong D, Fu J, Li A, Zhang Y, Li R. Diterpenoids from Streptomyces: Structures, Biosyntheses and Bioactivities. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200231. [PMID: 35585772 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria, especially Streptomyces spp., have been emerging as rich sources of natural diterpenoids with diverse structures and broad bioactivities. Here, we review diterpenoids biosynthesized by Streptomyces , with an emphasis on their structures, biosyntheses, and bioactivities. Although diterpenoids from Streptomyces are relatively rare compared to those from plants and fungi, their novel skeletons, biosyntheses and bioactivities present opportunities for discovering new drugs, enzyme mechanisms, and applications in bio-catalysis and metabolic pathway engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gong
- Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, CHINA
| | - Daojing Yong
- Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, CHINA
| | - Jun Fu
- Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, CHINA
| | - Aiying Li
- Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, CHINA
| | - Youming Zhang
- Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, CHINA
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Binhai Road 72, 266237, Qingdao, CHINA
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18
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Kim HJ, Lim S, Chung S, Lee S, Choi E, Yang KH, Hwang JT, Chung MY. Barley Sprout Water Extract and Saponarin Mitigate Triacylglycerol Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. J Med Food 2022; 25:79-88. [PMID: 35029509 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of action responsible for the reported hypolipidemic activity of barley sprouts have yet to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to compare the content of saponarin (the sole flavonoid present in barley sprout leaves), hypolipidemic activity between barley sprout water extract (BSW) and barley sprout ethanol extract (BSE), and the associated relevance to hypolipidemic activity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. BSW elicited superior antiadipogenic effects when compared with BSE in MDI mixture [IBMX 0.5 mM + dexamethasone 1 μM + insulin 1 μg/mL]-treated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. BSW attenuated MDI-mediated triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation by inhibiting fatty acid synthase (FAS). FAS protein expression was markedly and dose dependently attenuated by BSW, with higher doses suppressing expression to a level equivalent to the controls. BSW also significantly attenuated MDI-mediated increases in the expression of genes involved in TAG synthesis as well as FAS in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that BSW contains more than four times more saponarin than BSE. Further investigation of saponarin-mediated hypotriacylglycerolemic activity and related gene expression revealed that saponarin significantly inhibited TAG accumulation, which was attributed to reductions in TAG synthesis-related gene expression. Taken together, these findings provide a basis for further development of barley sprout extract for functional health food purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sol Lim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Korea
| | | | - Sohee Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunji Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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19
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Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitor Platensimycin Intervenes the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Mouse Model. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010005. [PMID: 35052685 PMCID: PMC8773228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease affecting about 25% of world population, while there are still no approved targeted therapies. Although platensimycin (PTM) was first discovered to be a broad-spectrum antibiotic, it was also effective against type II diabetes in animal models due to its ability to inhibit both bacterial and mammalian fatty acid synthases (FASN). Herein, we report the pharmacological effect and potential mode of action of PTM against NAFLD in a Western diet/CCI4-induced mouse model and a free fatty acids (FFAs)-induced HepG2 cell model. The proper dose of PTM and its liposome-based nano-formulations not only significantly attenuated the Western diet-induced weight gain and the levels of plasma total triglycerides and glucose, but reduced liver steatosis in mice according to histological analyses. Western blotting analysis showed a reduced protein level of FASN in the mouse liver, suggesting that PTM intervened in the development of NAFLD through FASN inhibition. PTM reduced both the protein and mRNA levels of FASN in FFAs-induced HepG2 cells, as well as the expression of several key proteins in lipogenesis, including sterol regulatory element binding protein-1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase. The expression of lipid oxidation-related genes, including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α and acyl-CoA oxidase 1, was significantly elevated. In conclusion, our study supports the reposition of PTM to intervene in NAFLD progression, since it could effectively inhibit de novo lipogenesis.
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20
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Gaudino SJ, Huang H, Jean-Pierre M, Joshi P, Beaupre M, Kempen C, Wong HT, Kumar P. Cutting Edge: Intestinal IL-17A Receptor Signaling Specifically Regulates High-Fat Diet-Mediated, Microbiota-Driven Metabolic Disorders. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1959-1963. [PMID: 34544802 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that IL-17A plays an important role in mediating the intestinal microbiota and systemic metabolic functions. However, it is not known where IL-17RA signaling occurs to mediate these effects. To investigate this question, we used intestinal epithelial-specific (Il17ra ΔIEC ) and liver-specific (Il17raΔLiver ) IL-17RA knockout mice as well as littermate control mice. Our results indicate that intestinal IL-17RA signaling helps mediate systemic metabolic functions upon exposure to prolonged high-fat diet. Il17ra ΔIEC mice display impaired glucose metabolism, altered hormone and adipokine levels, increased visceral adiposity, and greater hepatic lipid deposition when compared with their littermate controls. We show that IL-17RA-driven changes in microbiota composition are responsible for regulating systemic glucose metabolism. Altogether, our data elucidate the importance of intestinal IL-17RA signaling in regulating high-fat diet-mediated systemic glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Gaudino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Huakang Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Makheni Jean-Pierre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Preet Joshi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Michael Beaupre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Cody Kempen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Hoi Tong Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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21
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Wiśniewska A, Stachowicz A, Kuś K, Ulatowska-Białas M, Totoń-Żurańska J, Kiepura A, Stachyra K, Suski M, Gajda M, Jawień J, Olszanecki R. Inhibition of Atherosclerosis and Liver Steatosis by Agmatine in Western Diet-Fed apoE-Knockout Mice Is Associated with Decrease in Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis and Reduction in Plasma Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910688. [PMID: 34639029 PMCID: PMC8509476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and NAFLD are the leading causes of death worldwide. The hallmark of NAFLD is triglyceride accumulation caused by an imbalance between lipogenesis de novo and fatty acid oxidation. Agmatine, an endogenous metabolite of arginine, exerts a protective effect on mitochondria and can modulate fatty acid metabolism. In the present study, we investigate the influence of agmatine on the progression of atherosclerotic lesions and the development of hepatic steatosis in apoE−/− mice fed with a Western high-fat diet, with a particular focus on its effects on the DNL pathway in the liver. We have proved that treatment of agmatine inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis and attenuates hepatic steatosis in apoE−/− mice on a Western diet. Such effects are associated with decreased total macrophage content in atherosclerotic plaque as well as a decrease in the TG levels and the TG/HDL ratio in plasma. Agmatine also reduced TG accumulation in the liver and decreased the expression of hepatic genes and proteins involved in lipogenesis de novo such as SREBP-1c, FASN and SCD1. In conclusion, agmatine may present therapeutic potential for the treatment of atherosclerosis and fatty liver disease. However, an exact understanding of the mechanisms of the advantageous actions of agmatine requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wiśniewska
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Aneta Stachowicz
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Kuś
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | | | - Justyna Totoń-Żurańska
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Anna Kiepura
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Kamila Stachyra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Maciej Suski
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Mariusz Gajda
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Jacek Jawień
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-421-1168
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22
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Pulla LSS, Begum Ahil S. Review on target domains and natural compound-based inhibitors of fatty acid synthase for anticancer drug discovery. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:869-884. [PMID: 34459114 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells require a higher amount of energy in the form of fatty acids for their uncontrolled proliferation and growth. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) plays a crucial role in the synthesis of palmitate, which is involved in most of the critical malignant pathways. Hence, by targeting FASN, tumour growth can be controlled. By designing and developing FASN inhibitors with catalytic domain specificity, safe and potential anticancer drugs can be achieved. The article draws light towards the catalytic domains of FASN, their active site residues and interaction of some of the reported natural FASN inhibitors (resveratrol, lavandulyl flavonoids, catechins, stilbene derivatives, etc). The rationality (structure-activity relationship) behind the variation in the activity of the reported natural FASN inhibitors (butyrolactones, polyphenolics, galloyl esters and thiolactomycins) has also been covered. Selective, safe and potentially active FASN inhibitors could be developed by: (i) having proper understanding of the function of all catalytic domains of FASN (ii) studying the upstream and downstream FASN regulators (iii) identifying cancer-specific FASN biomarkers (that are non-essential/absent in the normal healthy cells) (iv) exploring the complete protein structure of FASN, e-screening of the compounds prior to synthesis and study their ADME properties (v) predicting the selectivity based on their strong affinity at the catalytic site of FASN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Soukya Sai Pulla
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)-Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sajeli Begum Ahil
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)-Pilani, Hyderabad, India
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23
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Heeren J, Scheja L. Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and lipoprotein metabolism. Mol Metab 2021; 50:101238. [PMID: 33892169 PMCID: PMC8324684 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or as recently proposed 'metabolic-associated fatty liver disease' (MAFLD), is characterized by pathological accumulation of triglycerides and other lipids in hepatocytes. This common disease can progress from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, and eventually end-stage liver diseases. MAFLD is closely related to disturbances in systemic energy metabolism, including insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia. SCOPE OF REVIEW The liver is the central organ in lipid metabolism by secreting very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and, on the other hand, by internalizing fatty acids and lipoproteins. This review article discusses recent research addressing hepatic lipid synthesis, VLDL production, and lipoprotein internalization as well as the lipid exchange between adipose tissue and the liver in the context of MAFLD. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Liver steatosis in MAFLD is triggered by excessive hepatic triglyceride synthesis utilizing fatty acids derived from white adipose tissue (WAT), de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and endocytosed remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. In consequence of high hepatic lipid content, VLDL secretion is enhanced, which is the primary cause of complex dyslipidemia typical for subjects with MAFLD. Interventions reducing VLDL secretory capacity attenuate dyslipidemia while they exacerbate MAFLD, indicating that the balance of lipid storage versus secretion in hepatocytes is a critical parameter determining disease outcome. Proof of concept studies have shown that promoting lipid storage and energy combustion in adipose tissues reduces hepatic lipid load and thus ameliorates MAFLD. Moreover, hepatocellular triglyceride synthesis from DNL and WAT-derived fatty acids can be targeted to treat MAFLD. However, more research is needed to understand how individual transporters, enzymes, and their isoforms affect steatosis and dyslipidemia in vivo, and whether these two aspects of MAFLD can be selectively treated. Processing of cholesterol-enriched lipoproteins appears less important for steatosis. It may, however, modulate inflammation and consequently MAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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24
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Ferguson D, Finck BN. Emerging therapeutic approaches for the treatment of NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:484-495. [PMID: 34131333 PMCID: PMC8570106 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most prevalent liver disease in the world, yet there are still no approved pharmacological therapies to prevent or treat this condition. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of severity, ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although NASH is linked to an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis and has now become the leading cause of liver failure-related transplantation, the majority of patients with NASH will ultimately die as a result of complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiometabolic diseases. Importantly, NAFLD is closely linked to obesity and tightly interrelated with insulin resistance and T2DM. Thus, targeting these interconnected conditions and taking a holistic attitude to the treatment of metabolic disease could prove to be a very beneficial approach. This Review will explore the latest relevant literature and discuss the ongoing therapeutic options for NAFLD focused on targeting intermediary metabolism, insulin resistance and T2DM to remedy the global health burden of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ferguson
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian N Finck
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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25
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Paiva P, Medina FE, Viegas M, Ferreira P, Neves RPP, Sousa JPM, Ramos MJ, Fernandes PA. Animal Fatty Acid Synthase: A Chemical Nanofactory. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9502-9553. [PMID: 34156235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are crucial molecules for most living beings, very well spread and conserved across species. These molecules play a role in energy storage, cell membrane architecture, and cell signaling, the latter through their derivative metabolites. De novo synthesis of fatty acids is a complex chemical process that can be achieved either by a metabolic pathway built by a sequence of individual enzymes, such as in most bacteria, or by a single, large multi-enzyme, which incorporates all the chemical capabilities of the metabolic pathway, such as in animals and fungi, and in some bacteria. Here we focus on the multi-enzymes, specifically in the animal fatty acid synthase (FAS). We start by providing a historical overview of this vast field of research. We follow by describing the extraordinary architecture of animal FAS, a homodimeric multi-enzyme with seven different active sites per dimer, including a carrier protein that carries the intermediates from one active site to the next. We then delve into this multi-enzyme's detailed chemistry and critically discuss the current knowledge on the chemical mechanism of each of the steps necessary to synthesize a single fatty acid molecule with atomic detail. In line with this, we discuss the potential and achieved FAS applications in biotechnology, as biosynthetic machines, and compare them with their homologous polyketide synthases, which are also finding wide applications in the same field. Finally, we discuss some open questions on the architecture of FAS, such as their peculiar substrate-shuttling arm, and describe possible reasons for the emergence of large megasynthases during evolution, questions that have fascinated biochemists from long ago but are still far from answered and understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Paiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fabiola E Medina
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano, 7100 Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Matilde Viegas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Ferreira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui P P Neves
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - João P M Sousa
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Ramos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro A Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Covering: up to mid-2020 Terpenoids, also called isoprenoids, are the largest and most structurally diverse family of natural products. Found in all domains of life, there are over 80 000 known compounds. The majority of characterized terpenoids, which include some of the most well known, pharmaceutically relevant, and commercially valuable natural products, are produced by plants and fungi. Comparatively, terpenoids of bacterial origin are rare. This is counter-intuitive to the fact that recent microbial genomics revealed that almost all bacteria have the biosynthetic potential to create the C5 building blocks necessary for terpenoid biosynthesis. In this review, we catalogue terpenoids produced by bacteria. We collected 1062 natural products, consisting of both primary and secondary metabolites, and classified them into two major families and 55 distinct subfamilies. To highlight the structural and chemical space of bacterial terpenoids, we discuss their structures, biosynthesis, and biological activities. Although the bacterial terpenome is relatively small, it presents a fascinating dichotomy for future research. Similarities between bacterial and non-bacterial terpenoids and their biosynthetic pathways provides alternative model systems for detailed characterization while the abundance of novel skeletons, biosynthetic pathways, and bioactivies presents new opportunities for drug discovery, genome mining, and enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Tyler A Alsup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Baofu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Zining Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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27
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Wang CJ, Li D, Danielson JA, Zhang EH, Dong Z, Miller KD, Li L, Zhang JT, Liu JY. Proton pump inhibitors suppress DNA damage repair and sensitize treatment resistance in breast cancer by targeting fatty acid synthase. Cancer Lett 2021; 509:1-12. [PMID: 33813001 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human fatty acid synthase (FASN) is the sole cytosolic enzyme responsible for de novo lipid synthesis. FASN is essential for cancer cell survival and contributes to drug and radiation resistance by up-regulating DNA damage repair but not required for most non-lipogenic tissues. Thus, FASN is an attractive target for drug discovery. However, despite decades of effort in targeting FASN, no FASN inhibitors have been approved due to poor pharmacokinetics or toxicities. Here, we show that the FDA-approved proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) effectively inhibit FASN and suppress breast cancer cell survival. PPI inhibition of FASN leads to suppression of non-homologous end joining repair of DNA damages by reducing FASN-mediated PARP1 expression, resulting in apoptosis from oxidative DNA damages and sensitization of cellular resistance to doxorubicin and ionizing radiation. Mining electronic medical records of 6754 breast cancer patients showed that PPI usage significantly increased overall survival and reduced disease recurrence of these patients. Hence, PPIs may be repurposed as anticancer drugs for breast cancer treatments by targeting FASN to overcome drug and radiation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao J Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Deren Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jacob A Danielson
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Evan H Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zizheng Dong
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Kathy D Miller
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Jing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
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28
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Herath KB, Previs SF, Roddy TP, Attygalle AB, González I, Genilloud O, Singh SB. Rapid, Selective, and Sensitive Method for Semitargeted Discovery of Congeneric Natural Products by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:814-823. [PMID: 33523676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural product congeners serve a useful role in the understanding of natural product biosynthesis and structure-activity relationships. A minor congener with superior activity, selectivity, and modifiable functional groups could serve as a more effective lead structure and replace even the original lead molecule that was used for medicinal chemistry modifications. Currently, no effective method exists to discover targeted congeners rapidly, specifically, and selectively from producing sources. Herein, a new method based on liquid-chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry combination is evaluated for targeted discovery of congeners of platensimycin and platencin from the extracts of Streptomyces platensis. By utilizing a precursor-ion searching protocol, tandem mass spectrometry not only confirmed the presence of known congeners but also provided unambiguous detection of many previously unknown congeners of platensimycin and platencin. This high-throughput and quantitative method can be rapidly and broadly applied for dereplication and congener discovery from a variety of producing sources, even when the targeted compounds are obscured by the presence of unrelated natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kithsiri B Herath
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Stephen F Previs
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Thomas P Roddy
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Athula B Attygalle
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Ignacio González
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida Conocimiento 3, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida Conocimiento 3, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Sheo B Singh
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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29
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Ewan EE, Avraham O, Carlin D, Gonçalves TM, Zhao G, Cavalli V. Ascending dorsal column sensory neurons respond to spinal cord injury and downregulate genes related to lipid metabolism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:374. [PMID: 33431991 PMCID: PMC7801468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration failure after spinal cord injury (SCI) results in part from the lack of a pro-regenerative response in injured neurons, but the response to SCI has not been examined specifically in injured sensory neurons. Using RNA sequencing of dorsal root ganglion, we determined that thoracic SCI elicits a transcriptional response distinct from sciatic nerve injury (SNI). Both SNI and SCI induced upregulation of ATF3 and Jun, yet this response failed to promote growth in sensory neurons after SCI. RNA sequencing of purified sensory neurons one and three days after injury revealed that unlike SNI, the SCI response is not sustained. Both SCI and SNI elicited the expression of ATF3 target genes, with very little overlap between conditions. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed ATF3 target genes revealed that fatty acid biosynthesis and terpenoid backbone synthesis were downregulated after SCI but not SNI. Pharmacologic inhibition of fatty acid synthase, the enzyme generating palmitic acid, decreased axon growth and regeneration in vitro. These results support the notion that decreased expression of lipid metabolism-related genes after SCI, including fatty acid synthase, may restrict axon regenerative capacity after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Ewan
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Oshri Avraham
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Dan Carlin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Tassia Mangetti Gonçalves
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA. .,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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30
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Syed-Abdul MM, Parks EJ, Gaballah AH, Bingham K, Hammoud GM, Kemble G, Buckley D, McCulloch W, Manrique-Acevedo C. Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitor TVB-2640 Reduces Hepatic de Novo Lipogenesis in Males With Metabolic Abnormalities. Hepatology 2020; 72:103-118. [PMID: 31630414 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Elevated hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a key distinguishing characteristic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In rodent models of NAFLD, treatment with a surrogate of TVB-2640, a pharmacological fatty acid synthase inhibitor, has been shown to reduce hepatic fat and other biomarkers of DNL. The purpose of this phase I clinical study was to test the effect of the TVB-2640 in obese men with certain metabolic abnormalities that put them at risk for NAFLD. APPROACH AND RESULTS Twelve subjects (mean ± SEM, 42 ± 2 years, body mass index 37.4 ± 1.2 kg/m2 , glucose 103 ± 2 mg/dL, triacylglycerols 196 ± 27 mg/dL, and elevated liver enzymes) underwent 10 days of treatment with TVB-2640 at doses ranging from 50-150 mg/day. Food intake was controlled throughout the study. Hepatic DNL was measured before and after an oral fructose/glucose bolus using isotopic labeling with 1-13 C1 -acetate intravenous infusion, followed by measurement of labeled very low-density lipoprotein palmitate via gas chromatography mass spectometry. Substrate oxidation was measured by indirect calorimetry. Across the range of doses, fasting DNL was reduced by up to 90% (P = 0.003). Increasing plasma concentrations of TVB-2640 were associated with progressive reductions in the percent of fructose-stimulated peak fractional DNL (R2 = -0.749, P = 0.0003) and absolute DNL area under the curve 6 hours following fructose/glucose bolus (R2 = -0.554, P = 0.005). For all subjects combined, alanine aminotransferase was reduced by 15.8 ± 8.4% (P = 0.05). Substrate oxidation was unchanged, and safety monitoring revealed that the drug was well tolerated, without an increase in plasma triglycerides. Alopecia occurred in 2 subjects (reversed after stopping the drug), but otherwise no changes were observed in fasting glucose, insulin, ketones, and renal function. CONCLUSION These data support the therapeutic potential of a fatty acid synthase inhibitor, TVB-2640 in particular, in patients with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Syed-Abdul
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - Elizabeth J Parks
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - Ayman H Gaballah
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - Kimberlee Bingham
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - Ghassan M Hammoud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - George Kemble
- Sagimet Biosciences (formerly 3-V Biosciences), Menlo Park, CA
| | - Douglas Buckley
- Sagimet Biosciences (formerly 3-V Biosciences), Menlo Park, CA
| | | | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
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31
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Singha PK, Mäklin K, Vihavainen T, Laitinen T, Nevalainen TJ, Patil MR, Tonduru AK, Poso A, Laitinen JT, Savinainen JR. Evaluation of FASN inhibitors by a versatile toolkit reveals differences in pharmacology between human and rodent FASN preparations and in antiproliferative efficacy in vitro vs. in situ in human cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 149:105321. [PMID: 32275951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
De novo synthesis of fatty acids is essential to maintain intensive proliferation of cancer cells. Unlike normal cells that utilize food-derived circulating lipids for their fuel, cancer cells rely on heightened lipogenesis irrespective of exogenous lipid availability. Overexpression and activity of the multidomain enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) is crucial in supplying palmitate for protumorigenic activity. Therefore, FASN has been proposed as an attractive target for drug development. As an effort to set up an effective toolkit to study FASN inhibitors in human and rodent tissues, we validated activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) as a viable approach to unveil inhibitors targeting FASN thioesterase domain (FASN-TE). ABPP was combined with multi-well plate-assays designed for classical substrate-based FASN activity analysis together with powerful monitoring of cancer cell proliferation using IncuCyte® Live Cell Analyzing System. FASN-TE inhibitors were identified by competitive ABPP using HEK293 cell lysates in a screen of in-house compounds (200+) designed to target serine hydrolase (SH) family. The identified compounds were tested for their inhibitor potencies in vitro using a substrate-based activity assay monitoring FASN-dependent NADPH consumption in LNCaP prostate cancer cell preparation, in parallel with selected reference inhibitors, including orlistat (THL), GSK2194069, GSK837149A, platensimycin and BI-99179. LNCaP lysate supernatant was validated as a reliable native preparation to monitor FASN-dependent NADPH consumption as opposed to human glioma GAMG cells, whereas FASN enrichment was a prerequisite for accurate assays. While inhibitor pharmacology was identical between human prostate and glioma cancer cell FASN preparations, notable differences were revealed between human and rodent FASN preparations, especially for inhibitors targeting FASN-TE. ABPP combined with substrate-based assays facilitated identification of pan thiol-reactive inhibitor scaffolds, exemplified by the 1,2,4-thiadiazole moiety. Finally, selected compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative efficacy in situ using GAMG cells. These studies revealed that while the tested compounds acted as potent FASN inhibitors in vitro, only a few showed antiproliferative efficacy in situ. To conclude, we describe a versatile toolkit to study FASN inhibitors in vitro and in situ using human cancer cells and reveal dramatic pharmacological differences between human and rodent FASN preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosanta K Singha
- School of Medicine Institute of Biomedicine Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kiira Mäklin
- School of Medicine Institute of Biomedicine Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taina Vihavainen
- School of Medicine Institute of Biomedicine Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tapio J Nevalainen
- School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mahadeo R Patil
- School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arun K Tonduru
- School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jarmo T Laitinen
- School of Medicine Institute of Biomedicine Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha R Savinainen
- School of Medicine Institute of Biomedicine Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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Bedi O, Aggarwal S, Trehanpati N, Ramakrishna G, Krishan P. Molecular and Pathological Events Involved in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes-Associated Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019; 9:607-618. [PMID: 31695251 PMCID: PMC6823706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a rising epidemic in most part of the world and is often associated with multiple organ disorders such as kidney, liver, and cardiovascular diseases. Liver is a major metabolic hub, and the metabolic disorders associated with diabetes result in liver dysfunctions culminating in spectrum of liver diseases such as fatty liver disorders, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The intervention strategies to prevent diabetes-associated liver injury require an overall understanding of the key factors and molecular pathways which can be strategically targeted. The present review focuses on some of the key aspects of fatty acid metabolism, fetuin-A regulation, inflammatory pathways, and genetic factors associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and so on involved in the nexus between diabetes and liver injury. Further recent interventions, pharmacological target, and newer therapeutic agents are discussed briefly for the better clinical management of diabetes-associated hepatic disorders.
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Key Words
- AP-1, Activator protein 1
- DLI, diabetic liver injury
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- DMPs, Damage-associated molecular patterns
- FFA, free fatty acid
- FOXO1, Forkhead box protein O1
- FetA, fetuin-A
- G6Pase, Glucose-6-phosphatase
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IKK, IκB kinase
- IL, interleukin
- IRS2, Insulin receptor substrate-2
- IκB, Inhibitor of Kb
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- MD2, Myeloid differentiation protein-2
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MyD88, Myeloid differentiation factor 88
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NFe κB, Nuclear factor-κB
- NIDDM, noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus
- PC, Pyruvate carboxylase
- PEPCK, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- PIP3, Phosphatidyl inositol (3, 4, 5)-triphosphate
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Th 17, T helper 17 cells
- VLDL, very low–density lipoprotein
- diabetes mellitus
- diabetic liver injury
- fetuin-A
- free fatty acid
- inflammatory mediators
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Affiliation(s)
- Onkar Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Savera Aggarwal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirupma Trehanpati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gayatri Ramakrishna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Ye M, Xu M, Ji C, Ji J, Ji F, Wei W, Yang S, Zhou B. Alterations in the Transcriptional Profile of the Liver Tissue and the Therapeutic Effects of Propolis Extracts in Alcohol-induced Steatosis in Rats. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20180646. [PMID: 31411259 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatoprotective effects of the ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) on alcohol-induced liver steatosis were investigated in Wistar rats. Chronic alcoholic fatty liver was induced by administration of 52% alcohol to male Wistar rats at the dose of 1% body weight for 7 weeks. Then animals were simultaneously treated with 50% ethanol solutions of EEP or normal saline at the dose of 0.1% body weight for 4 further weeks. Serological analyses and liver histopathology studies were performed to investigate the development of steatosis. Microarray analysis was conducted to investigate the alterations of hepatic gene expression profiling. Our results showed that 4-week treatment of EEP helped to restore the levels of various blood indices, liver function enzymes and the histopathology of liver tissue to normal levels. Results from the microarray analysis revealed that the hepatic expressions of genes involved in lipogenesis were significantly down-regulated by EEP treatment, while the transcriptional expressions of functional genes participating in fatty acids oxidation were markedly increased. The ability of EEP to reduce the negative effects of alcohol on liver makes propolis a potential natural product for the alternative treatment of alcoholic fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manhong Ye
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengting Xu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Ji
- Fubiao Biotech Co., Ltd., Huai-an 211799, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Ji
- Fubiao Biotech Co., Ltd., Huai-an 211799, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fubiao Ji
- Fubiao Biotech Co., Ltd., Huai-an 211799, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wanhong Wei
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shengmei Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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Abstract
This Minireview summarises recent developments in the biosynthesis of diterpenes by diterpene synthases in bacteria. It is structured by the class of enzyme involved in the first committed step towards diterpenes, starting with type I diterpene synthases, followed by type II enzymes and the more recently discovered UbiA-related diterpene synthases. A special emphasis lies on the reaction mechanisms of diterpene synthases that convert simple linear precursors through cationic cascades into structurally complex, usually polycyclic carbon skeletons with multiple stereogenic centres. A further main focus of this Minireview is a discussion of how these mechanisms can be unravelled. Downstream modifications to bioactive molecules are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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De Silva GS, Desai K, Darwech M, Naim U, Jin X, Adak S, Harroun N, Sanchez LA, Semenkovich CF, Zayed MA. Circulating serum fatty acid synthase is elevated in patients with diabetes and carotid artery stenosis and is LDL-associated. Atherosclerosis 2019; 287:38-45. [PMID: 31202106 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes is an independent risk factor for carotid artery stenosis (CAS). Fatty acid synthase (FAS), an essential de novo lipogenesis enzyme, has increased activity in the setting of diabetes that leads to altered lipid metabolism. Circulating FAS (cFAS) was recently observed in the blood of patients with hyperinsulinemia and cancer. We thought to evaluate the origin of cFAS and its role in diabetes-associated CAS. METHODS Patients with diabetes and no diabetes, undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for CAS, were prospectively enrolled for collection of plaque and fasting serum. FPLC was used to purify lipoprotein fractions, and ELISA was used to quantify cFAS content and activity. Immunoprecipitation (IP) was used to evaluate the affinity of cFAS to LDL-ApoB. RESULTS Patients with CAS had higher cFAS activity (p < 0.01), and patients with diabetes had higher cFAS activity than patients with no diabetes (p < 0.05). cFAS activity correlated with serum glucose (p = 0.03, r2 = 0.35), and cFAS content trended with plaque FAS content (p = 0.06, r2 = 0.69). cFAS was predominantly in LDL cholesterol fractions of patients with CAS (p < 0.001), and IP of cFAS demonstrated pulldown of ApoB. Similar to patients with diabetes, db/db mice had highest levels of serum cFAS (p < 0.01), and fasL-/- (tissue-specific liver knockdown of FAS) mice had the lowest levels of cFAS (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Serum cFAS is higher in patients with diabetes and CAS, appears to originate from the liver, and is LDL cholesterol associated. We postulate that LDL may be serving as a carrier for cFAS that contributes to atheroprogression in carotid arteries of patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayan S De Silva
- (a)Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kshitij Desai
- (a)Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Malik Darwech
- (a)Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Uzma Naim
- (a)Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jin
- (a)Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sangeeta Adak
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Lipid, and Metabolism, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nikolai Harroun
- (a)Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Luis A Sanchez
- (a)Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Lipid, and Metabolism, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mohamed A Zayed
- (a)Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, St. Louis, MO, USA; Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Bermeo S, Al Saedi A, Vidal C, Khalil M, Pang M, Troen BR, Myers D, Duque G. Treatment with an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase attenuates bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Bone 2019; 122:114-122. [PMID: 30779961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone and fat cells have an antagonistic relationship. Adipocytes exert a toxic effect on bone cells in vitro through the secretion of fatty acids, which are synthesized by fatty acid synthase (FAS). Inhibition of FAS in vitro rescues osteoblasts from fat-induced toxicity and cell death. In this study, we hypothesized that FAS inhibition would mitigate the loss of bone mass in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. We treated OVX C57BL/6 mice with cerulenin (a known inhibitor of FAS) for 6 weeks and compared their bone phenotype with vehicle-treated controls. Cerulenin-treated mice exhibited a significant decrease in body weight, triglycerides, leptin, and marrow and subcutaneous fat without changes in serum glucose or calciotropic hormones. These effects were associated with attenuation of bone loss and normalization of the bone phenotype in the cerulenin-treated OVX group compared to the vehicle-treated OVX group. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of FAS enhances bone formation, induces uncoupling between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and favors mineralization, thus providing evidence that inhibition of FAS could constitute a new anabolic therapy for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bermeo
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia; Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Ahmed Al Saedi
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Christopher Vidal
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia
| | - Mamdouh Khalil
- ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney Medical School Concord, The University of Sydney, Concord, NSW 2137, Australia
| | - Manhui Pang
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Bruce R Troen
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Damian Myers
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia.
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O'Neill EC, Schorn M, Larson CB, Millán-Aguiñaga N. Targeted antibiotic discovery through biosynthesis-associated resistance determinants: target directed genome mining. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:255-277. [PMID: 30985219 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1590307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Intense competition between microbes in the environment has directed the evolution of antibiotic production in bacteria. Humans have harnessed these natural molecules for medicinal purposes, magnifying them from environmental concentrations to industrial scale. This increased exposure to antibiotics has amplified antibiotic resistance across bacteria, spurring a global antimicrobial crisis and a search for antibiotics with new modes of action. Genetic insights into these antibiotic-producing microbes reveal that they have evolved several resistance strategies to avoid self-toxicity, including product modification, substrate transport and binding, and target duplication or modification. Of these mechanisms, target duplication or modification will be highlighted in this review, as it uniquely links an antibiotic to its mode of action. We will further discuss and propose a strategy to mine microbial genomes for these genes and their associated biosynthetic gene clusters to discover novel antibiotics using target directed genome mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis C O'Neill
- a Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford , Oxfordshire , UK
| | - Michelle Schorn
- b Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Charles B Larson
- b Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Natalie Millán-Aguiñaga
- c Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas , Ensenada , Baja California , México
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Jiang H, Gan T, Zhang J, Ma Q, Liang Y, Zhao Y. The Structures and Bioactivities of Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:7081-7101. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190507105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS or FASN) is a vital enzyme which catalyzes
the de novo synthesis of long chain fatty acids. A number of studies have recently been reported
that FAS was combined targets for the discovery of anti-obesity and anti-cancer drugs. Great interest
has been developed in finding novel FAS inhibitors, and result in more than 200 inhibitors being
reported.
Methods:
The reported research literature about the FAS inhibitors was collected and analyzedsised
through major databases including Web of Science, and PubMed. Then the chemical stractures,
FAS inhibitory activities, and Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) were summarized
focused on all these reported FAS inhibitors.
Results:
The 248 FAS inhibitors, which were reported during the past 20 years, could be divided
into thiolactone, butyrolactone and butyrolactam, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and other
structures, in view of their structure characteristics. And the SAR of high inhibitory structures of
each type was proposed in this paper.
Conclusion:
A series of synthetic quinolinone derivatives show strongest inhibitory activity in the
reported FAS inhibitors. Natural polyphenols, existing in food and herbs, show more adaptive in
medicine exploration because of their safety and efficiency. Moreover, screening the FAS inhibitors
from microorganism and marine natural products could be the hot research directions in the
future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tian Gan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jiasui Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Qingyun Ma
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Youxing Zhao
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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Zhang C, Hu J, Sheng L, Yuan M, Wu Y, Chen L, Wang G, Qiu Z. Ellagic acid ameliorates AKT-driven hepatic steatosis in mice by suppressing de novo lipogenesis via the AKT/SREBP-1/FASN pathway. Food Funct 2019; 10:3410-3420. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00284g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation in mice by suppressing AKT-driven de novo lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Sheng
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wu
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guihong Wang
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
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Finck BN. Targeting Metabolism, Insulin Resistance, and Diabetes to Treat Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Diabetes 2018; 67:2485-2493. [PMID: 30459251 PMCID: PMC6245219 DOI: 10.2337/dbi18-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes are strongly linked to the accumulation of excessive lipids in the liver parenchyma, a condition known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Given its association with obesity and related metabolic diseases, it is not surprising that the prevalence of NAFLD has dramatically increased in the past few decades. NAFLD has become the most common liver disease in many areas of the world. The term, NAFLD, encompasses a spectrum of disorders that ranges from simple steatosis to steatosis with inflammatory lesions (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]). Although simple steatosis might be relatively benign, epidemiologic studies have linked NASH to greatly increased risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Yet despite this, there are no approved treatments for the disease, and it remains a significant unmet medical need. This Perspective will review some of the relevant literature on the topic and examine approved and experimental NASH therapeutic concepts that target intermediary metabolism, insulin resistance, and diabetes to treat this emerging public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Finck
- Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Tian K, Deng Y, Qiu L, Zhu X, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. Semisynthesis and Biological Evaluation of Platensimycin Analogues with Varying Aminobenzoic Acids. ChemistrySelect 2018; 3:12625-12629. [PMID: 32232122 PMCID: PMC7105086 DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Platensimycin (PTM) is an excellent natural product drug lead against various gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. In this study, twenty PTM derivatives with varying aminobenzoic acids were semisynthesized. In contrast to all the previous reported inactive aminobenzaote analogues, a few of them showed moderate antibacterial activities against S. aureus. Our study suggested that modification of the conserved aminobenzoic acid remains a viable approach to diversify the PTM scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tian
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
| | - Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
| | - Lin Qiu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
| | - Ben Shen
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Natural Products Library Initiative at The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458 (USA)
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
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Liu R, Deng Z, Liu T. Streptomyces species: Ideal chassis for natural product discovery and overproduction. Metab Eng 2018; 50:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Wang T, Xue C, Zhang T, Wang Y. The improvements of functional ingredients from marine foods in lipid metabolism. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mahzari A, Zeng XY, Zhou X, Li S, Xu J, Tan W, Vlahos R, Robinson S, YE JM. Repurposing matrine for the treatment of hepatosteatosis and associated disorders in glucose homeostasis in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1753-1759. [PMID: 29980742 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the efficacy of the hepatoprotective drug matrine (Mtr) for its new application for hepatosteatosis and associated disorders in glucose homeostasis. The study was performed in two nutritional models of hepatosteatosis in mice with various abnormal glucose homeostasis: (1) high-fructose diet (HFru) induced hepatosteatosis and glucose intolerance from hepatic, and (2) hepatosteatosis and hyperglycemia induced by high-fat (HF) diet in combination with low doses of streptozotocin (STZ). Administration of Mtr (100 mg/kg every day in diet for 4 weeks) abolished HFru-induced hepatosteatosis and glucose intolerance. These effects were associated with the inhibition of HFru-stimulated de novo lipogenesis (DNL) without altering hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Further investigation revealed that HFru-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was inhibited, whereas heat-shock protein 72 (an inducible chaperon protein) was increased by Mtr. In a type 2 diabetic model induced by HF-STZ, Mtr reduced hepatosteatosis and improved attenuated hyperglycemia. The hepatoprotective drug Mtr may be repurposed for the treatment of hepatosteatosis and associated disorders in glucose homeostasis. The inhibition of ER stress associated DNL and fatty acid influx appears to play an important role in these metabolic effects.
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Yin B, Liu H, Tan B, Dong X, Chi S, Yang Q, Zhang S, Chen L. Cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) suppresses immune function in different intestinal segments of hybrid grouper ♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus×♂Epinephelus lanceolatu via TLR-2/MyD88 signaling pathways. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:318-328. [PMID: 30030116 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) has similar amino acid composition compared with fish meal, and has the characteristics of low gossypol and low toxicity. The present study was conducted to investigate the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and different intestinal segments immune responses of hybrid grouper to replacement dietary fish meal ofCPC. Six iso-nitrogenous (50% crude protein) and iso-lipidic (10% crude lipid) diets were formulated: a reference diet (FM) containing 60% fishmeal and five experimental diets (12%, 24%, 36%, 48 and 60%) in which fishmeal protein was substituted at different levels by CPC to feed fish (initial body weight: 11 ± 0.23 g) for 8 weeks. Thena challenge test with injection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was conducted for 7 days until the fish stabilized. The results showed that specific growth rate (SGR) was the highest with 24% replacement level and feed conversion ratio (FCR)was significantly increased when the replacement level reached 48% (P < 0.05). The content of malonaldehyde (MDA) in the serum was significantly increased when the replacement level reached 36% (P < 0.05). The plica height in the proximal, mid and distal intestine were significantly decreased with the replacement level up to 48% (P < 0.05). Hepatic fat deposition wasaggravatedwhen the replacement level reached 36% (P < 0.05). The expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNAs were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). The hepcidin mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05). In proximal intestine (PI) and mid intestine (MI), IFN-γ mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). These results suggested that the CPC decreased hybrid grouper growth performance and inflammation function, and different inflammation function responses in PI,MI, and distal intestine (DI) were mediated partly by the TLR-2/MyD88 signaling pathway. According to the analysis of specific growth rate, the dietary optimum replacement level and maximum replacement level were estimated to be 17% and 34%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China
| | - Liqiao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
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Physiological and molecular study on the anti-obesity effects of pineapple ( Ananas comosus) juice in male Wistar rat. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:1429-1438. [PMID: 30319853 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to assess anti-obesity effects of raw pineapple juice in high fat diet (HFD)-induced fatness. Based on food type, rats were divided into normal diet and HFD groups. When animals of HFD group become obese, they were given pineapple juice along with either HFD or normal diet. Blood biochemistry, liver and muscle gene expressions were analyzed. HFD induced significant elevations in body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat accumulation, liver fat deposition and blood lipids while juice restored these parameters near to their normal values. Juice significantly decreased serum insulin and leptin while adiponectin was increased. Juice administration downregulated the increment of FAS and SERBP-1c mRNA expression in liver and upregulated HSL and GLUT-2 expressions. The muscular lipolytic CPT-1 expression was upregulted by juice treatment. Pineapple juice, therefore, may possibly be used as anti-obesity candidate where it decreased lipogenesis and increased lipolysis.
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48
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TRAIL reduces impaired glucose tolerance and NAFLD in the high-fat diet fed mouse. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:69-83. [PMID: 29167318 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that a circulating protein called TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) may have an important role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It has been shown that TRAIL deficiency worsens diabetes and that TRAIL delivery, when it is given before disease onset, slows down its development. The present study aimed at evaluating whether TRAIL had the potential not only to prevent, but also to treat type 2 diabetes. Thirty male C57BL/6J mice were randomized to a standard or a high-fat diet (HFD). After 4 weeks of HFD, mice were further randomized to receive either placebo or TRAIL, which was delivered weekly for 8 weeks. Body weight, food intake, fasting glucose, and insulin were measured at baseline and every 4 weeks. Tolerance tests were performed before drug randomization and at the end of the study. Tissues were collected for further analyses. Parallel in vitro studies were conducted on HepG2 cells and mouse primary hepatocytes. TRAIL significantly reduced body weight, adipocyte hypertrophy, free fatty acid levels, and inflammation. Moreover, it significantly improved impaired glucose tolerance, and ameliorated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). TRAIL treatment reduced liver fat content by 47% in vivo as well as by 45% in HepG2 cells and by 39% in primary hepatocytes. This was associated with a significant increase in liver peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ (PPARγ) co-activator-1 α (PGC-1α) expression both in vivo and in vitro, pointing to a direct protective effect of TRAIL on the liver. The present study confirms the ability of TRAIL to significantly attenuate diet-induced metabolic abnormalities, and it shows for the first time that TRAIL is effective also when administered after disease onset. In addition, our data shed light on TRAIL therapeutic potential not only against impaired glucose tolerance, but also against NAFLD.
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Pinkosky SL, Groot PHE, Lalwani ND, Steinberg GR. Targeting ATP-Citrate Lyase in Hyperlipidemia and Metabolic Disorders. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:1047-1063. [PMID: 28993031 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle promote imbalances in metabolism, often manifesting as risk factors for life-threating diseases such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nucleocytosolic acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) has emerged as a central signaling node used to coordinate metabolic adaptations in response to a changing nutritional status. ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) is the enzyme primarily responsible for the production of extramitochondrial acetyl-CoA and is thus strategically positioned at the intersection of nutrient catabolism and lipid biosynthesis. Here, we discuss recent findings from preclinical studies, as well as Mendelian and clinical randomized trials, demonstrating the importance of ACL activity in metabolism, and supporting its inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach to treating ASCVD, NAFLD, and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Pinkosky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada; Esperion Therapeutics, Inc. 3891 Ranchero Drive, Suite 150, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Pieter H E Groot
- Esperion Therapeutics, Inc. 3891 Ranchero Drive, Suite 150, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Narendra D Lalwani
- Esperion Therapeutics, Inc. 3891 Ranchero Drive, Suite 150, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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50
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Proteomic evaluation of mouse adipose tissue and liver following hydroxytyrosol supplementation. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 107:329-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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