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Liu CC, Chen L, Cai YW, Chen YF, Liu YM, Zhou YJ, Shao ZM, Yu KD. Targeting EMSY-mediated methionine metabolism is a potential therapeutic strategy for triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101396. [PMID: 38290515 PMCID: PMC10897545 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the most intractable subpopulation of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, which have been associated with a high risk of relapse and poor prognosis. However, eradication of CSCs continues to be difficult. Here, we integrate the multiomics data of a TNBC cohort (n = 360) to identify vital markers of CSCs. We discover that EMSY, inducing a BRCAness phenotype, is preferentially expressed in breast CSCs, promotes ALDH+ cells enrichment, and is positively correlated with poor relapse-free survival. Mechanistically, EMSY competitively binds to the Jmjc domain, which is critical for KDM5B enzyme activity, to reshape methionine metabolism, and to promote CSC self-renewal and tumorigenesis in an H3K4 methylation-dependent manner. Moreover, EMSY accumulation in TNBC cells sensitizes them to PARP inhibitors against bulk cells and methionine deprivation against CSCs. These findings indicate that clinically relevant eradication of CSCs could be achieved with a strategy that targets CSC-specific vulnerabilities in amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Wen Cai
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Fei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Da Yu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.
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2
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Sheban D, Merbl Y. EMSY stabilization in KEAP1-mutant lung cancer disrupts genome stability and type I interferon signaling. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1397-1399. [PMID: 36959246 PMCID: PMC10154352 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daoud Sheban
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Yifat Merbl
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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3
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Tsimberidou AM, Skliris A, Valentine A, Shaw J, Hering U, Vo HH, Chan TO, Armen RS, Cottrell JR, Pan JQ, Tsichlis PN. AKT inhibition in the central nervous system induces signaling defects resulting in psychiatric symptomatology. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:56. [PMID: 35525984 PMCID: PMC9080159 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Changes in the expression and activity of the AKT oncogene play an important role in psychiatric disease. We present translational data assessing the role of AKT in psychiatric symptoms.
Methods
(1) We assessed the protein activity of an AKT3 mutant harboring a PH domain mutation (Q60H) detected in a patient with schizophrenia, the corresponding AKT1 mutant (Q61H), and wild-type AKT1 and AKT3 transduced in AKT-null mouse fibroblasts and modeled the Q61H mutation onto the crystal structure of the Akt1 PH domain. (2) We analyzed the results of earlier genome-wide association studies to determine the distribution of schizophrenia-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AKT3 gene. (3) We analyzed the psychiatric adverse events (AEs) of patients treated with M2698 (p70S6K/AKT1/AKT3 inhibitor) and with other PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors.
Results
(1) Proteins encoded by AKT3 (AKT3Q60H) and AKT1 (AKT1Q61H) mutants had lower kinase activity than those encoded by wild-type AKT3 and AKT1, respectively. Molecular modeling of the AKT1-Q61H mutant suggested conformational changes that may reduce the binding of D3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides to the PH domain. (2) We identified multiple SNPs in the AKT3 gene that were strongly associated with schizophrenia (p < 0.5 × 10–8). (3) Psychiatric AEs, mostly insomnia, anxiety, and depression, were noted in 29% of patients treated with M2698. In randomized studies, their incidence was higher in PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitor arms compared with placebo arms. All psychiatric AEs were reversible.
Conclusions
Our data elucidate the incidence and mechanisms of psychiatric AEs in patients treated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors and emphasize the need for careful monitoring.
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Guerau-de-Arellano M, Piedra-Quintero ZL, Tsichlis PN. Akt isoforms in the immune system. Front Immunol 2022; 13:990874. [PMID: 36081513 PMCID: PMC9445622 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.990874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt is a PI3K-activated serine-threonine kinase that exists in three distinct isoforms. Akt's expression in most immune cells, either at baseline or upon activation, reflects its importance in the immune system. While Akt is most highly expressed in innate immune cells, it plays crucial roles in both innate and adaptive immune cell development and/or effector functions. In this review, we explore what's known about the role of Akt in innate and adaptive immune cells. Wherever possible, we discuss the overlapping and distinct role of the three Akt isoforms, namely Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3, in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano,
| | - Zayda L. Piedra-Quintero
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Philip N. Tsichlis
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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5
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Vella V, De Francesco EM, Bonavita E, Lappano R, Belfiore A. IFN-I signaling in cancer: the connection with dysregulated Insulin/IGF axis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:569-586. [PMID: 35691786 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are prototypical inflammatory cytokines produced in response to stress. IFN-Is have a critical role in antitumor immunity by driving the activation of leukocytes and favoring the elimination of malignant cells. However, IFN-I signaling in cancer, specifically in the tumor microenvironment (TME), can have opposing roles. Sustained IFN-I stimulation can promote immune exhaustion or enable tumor cell-intrinsic malignant features. Herein, we discuss the potential impact of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor system (I/IGFs) and of metabolic disorders in aberrant IFN-I signaling in cancer. We consider the possibility that targeting I/IGFs, especially in patients with cancer affected by metabolic disorders, contributes to an effective strategy to inhibit deleterious IFN-I signaling, thereby restoring sensitivity to various cancer therapies, including immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vella
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bonavita
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Fondazione Humanitas per la Ricerca, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Oncoimmunology, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy.
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Racca F, Pellegatta G, Cataldo G, Vespa E, Carlani E, Pelaia C, Paoletti G, Messina MR, Nappi E, Canonica GW, Repici A, Heffler E. Type 2 Inflammation in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Targets. Front Physiol 2022; 12:815842. [PMID: 35095572 PMCID: PMC8790151 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.815842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the esophagus characterized clinically by symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction and histologically by eosinophil-predominant inflammation, whose incidence is rising. It significantly affects patients’ quality of life and, if left untreated, results in fibrotic complications. Although broad consensus has been achieved on first-line therapy, a subset of patients remains non-responder to standard therapy. The pathogenesis of EoE is multifactorial and results from the complex, still mostly undefined, interaction between genetics and intrinsic factors, environment, and antigenic stimuli. A deep understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease is pivotal for the development of new therapies. This review provides a comprehensive description of the pathophysiology of EoE, starting from major pathogenic mechanisms (genetics, type 2 inflammation, epithelial barrier dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux, allergens, infections and microbiota) and subsequently focusing on the single protagonists of type 2 inflammation (involved cells, cytokines, soluble effectors, surface proteins and transcription factors) that could represent present and future therapeutic targets, while summarizing previous therapeutic approaches in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Racca
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesca Racca,
| | - Gaia Pellegatta
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cataldo
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vespa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisa Carlani
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paoletti
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Messina
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nappi
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Alessandro Repici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
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7
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Choi BY, Han M, Kwak JW, Kim TH. Genetics and Epigenetics in Allergic Rhinitis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12122004. [PMID: 34946955 PMCID: PMC8700872 DOI: 10.3390/genes12122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis is associated with genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is an advanced technique in the field of molecular genetics that is closely correlated with genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in large population groups with allergic diseases. Many recent studies have paid attention to the role of epigenetics, including alteration of DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and miRNA levels in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. In this review article, genetics and epigenetics of allergic rhinitis, including information regarding functions and significance of previously known and newly-discovered genes, are summarized. Directions for future genetic and epigenetic studies of allergic rhinitis are also proposed.
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8
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Stergiou IE, Chatzis L, Papanikolaou A, Giannouli S, Tzioufas AG, Voulgarelis M, Kapsogeorgou EK. Akt Signaling Pathway Is Activated in the Minor Salivary Glands of Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413441. [PMID: 34948236 PMCID: PMC8709495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune exocrinopathy of mainly the salivary and lacrimal glands associated with high prevalence of lymphoma. Akt is a phosphoinositide-dependent serine/threonine kinase, controlling numerous pathological processes, including oncogenesis and autoimmunity. Herein, we sought to examine its implication in pSS pathogenesis and related lymphomagenesis. The expression of the entire and activated forms of Akt (partially and fully activated: phosphorylated at threonine-308 (T308) and serine-473 (S473), respectively), and two of its substrates, the proline-rich Akt-substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40) and FoxO1 transcription factor has been immunohistochemically examined in minor salivary glands (MSG) of pSS patients (n = 29; including 9 with pSS-associated lymphoma) and sicca-complaining controls (sicca-controls; n = 10). The entire and phosphorylated Akt, PRAS40, and FoxO1 molecules were strongly, uniformly expressed in the MSG epithelia and infiltrating mononuclear cells of pSS patients, but not sicca-controls. Morphometric analysis revealed that the staining intensity of the fully activated phospho-Akt-S473 in pSS patients (with or without lymphoma) was significantly higher than sicca-controls. Akt pathway activation was independent from the extent or proximity of infiltrates, as well as other disease features, including lymphoma. Our findings support that the Akt pathway is specifically activated in MSGs of pSS patients, revealing novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna E. Stergiou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.E.S.); (L.C.); (A.G.T.); (M.V.)
| | - Loukas Chatzis
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.E.S.); (L.C.); (A.G.T.); (M.V.)
| | | | - Stavroula Giannouli
- Hematology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios G. Tzioufas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.E.S.); (L.C.); (A.G.T.); (M.V.)
| | - Michael Voulgarelis
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.E.S.); (L.C.); (A.G.T.); (M.V.)
| | - Efstathia K. Kapsogeorgou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.E.S.); (L.C.); (A.G.T.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-746-2670
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9
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EMSY inhibits homologous recombination repair and the interferon response, promoting lung cancer immune evasion. Cell 2021; 185:169-183.e19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Phosphor-IWS1-dependent U2AF2 splicing regulates trafficking of CAR-E-positive intronless gene mRNAs and sensitivity to viral infection. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1179. [PMID: 34635782 PMCID: PMC8505486 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AKT-phosphorylated IWS1 promotes Histone H3K36 trimethylation and alternative RNA splicing of target genes, including the U2AF65 splicing factor-encoding U2AF2. The predominant U2AF2 transcript, upon IWS1 phosphorylation block, lacks the RS-domain-encoding exon 2, and encodes a protein which fails to bind Prp19. Here we show that although both U2AF65 isoforms bind intronless mRNAs containing cytoplasmic accumulation region elements (CAR-E), only the RS domain-containing U2AF65 recruits Prp19 and promotes their nuclear export. The loading of U2AF65 to CAR-Elements was RS domain-independent, but RNA PolII-dependent. Virus- or poly(I:C)-induced type I IFNs are encoded by genes targeted by the pathway. IWS1 phosphorylation-deficient cells therefore, express reduced levels of IFNα1/IFNβ1 proteins, and exhibit enhanced sensitivity to infection by multiple cytolytic viruses. Enhanced sensitivity of IWS1-deficient cells to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus and Reovirus resulted in enhanced apoptotic cell death via caspase activation. Inhibition of this pathway may therefore sensitize cancer cells to oncolytic viruses.
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11
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Komlósi ZI, van de Veen W, Kovács N, Szűcs G, Sokolowska M, O'Mahony L, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic asthma. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 85:100995. [PMID: 34364680 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways, which affects more than 350 million people worldwide. It is the most common chronic disease in children, affecting at least 30 million children and young adults in Europe. Asthma is a complex, partially heritable disease with a marked heterogeneity. Its development is influenced both by genetic and environmental factors. The most common, as well as the most well characterized subtype of asthma is allergic eosinophilic asthma, which is characterized by a type 2 airway inflammation. The prevalence of asthma has substantially increased in industrialized countries during the last 60 years. The mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are incompletely understood, however increased exposure to various environmental pollutants probably plays a role. Disease inception is thought to be enabled by a disadvantageous shift in the balance between protective and harmful lifestyle and environmental factors, including exposure to protective commensal microbes versus infection with pathogens, collectively leading to airway epithelial cell damage and disrupted barrier integrity. Epithelial cell-derived cytokines are one of the main drivers of the type 2 immune response against innocuous allergens, ultimately leading to infiltration of lung tissue with type 2 T helper (TH2) cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), M2 macrophages and eosinophils. This review outlines the mechanisms responsible for the orchestration of type 2 inflammation and summarizes the novel findings, including but not limited to dysregulated epithelial barrier integrity, alarmin release and innate lymphoid cell stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt I Komlósi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Nóra Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; Lung Health Hospital, Munkácsy Mihály Str. 70, 2045, Törökbálint, Hungary
| | - Gergő Szűcs
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Tömő Str. 25-29, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine and School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
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12
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Xing J, Zhang A, Du Y, Fang M, Minze LJ, Liu YJ, Li XC, Zhang Z. Identification of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 9 (PARP9) as a noncanonical sensor for RNA virus in dendritic cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2681. [PMID: 33976210 PMCID: PMC8113569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells are critical in protective immunity against viral infections, involved in sensing foreign viral nucleic acids. Here we report that the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 9 (PARP9), a member of PARP family, serves as a non-canonical sensor for RNA virus to initiate and amplify type I interferon (IFN) production. We find knockdown or deletion of PARP9 in human or mouse dendritic cells and macrophages inhibits type I IFN production in response to double strand RNA stimulation or RNA virus infection. Furthermore, mice deficient for PARP9 show enhanced susceptibility to infections with RNA viruses because of the impaired type I IFN production. Mechanistically, we show that PARP9 recognizes and binds viral RNA, with resultant recruitment and activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT3 pathway, independent of mitochondrial antiviral-signaling (MAVS). PI3K/AKT3 then activates the IRF3 and IRF7 by phosphorylating IRF3 at Ser385 and IRF7 at Ser437/438 mediating type I IFN production. Together, we reveal a critical role for PARP9 as a non-canonical RNA sensor that depends on the PI3K/AKT3 pathway to produce type I IFN. These findings may have important clinical implications in controlling viral infections and viral-induced diseases by targeting PARP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Xing
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mingli Fang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Laurie J Minze
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Xian Chang Li
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Ruffner MA, Hu A, Dilollo J, Benocek K, Shows D, Gluck M, Spergel JM, Ziegler SF, Hill DA, Cerosaletti K. Conserved IFN Signature between Adult and Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1361-1371. [PMID: 33558373 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic inflammatory disease of the esophagus that occurs in both children and adults. Previous studies of affected tissue from pediatric cohorts have identified prominent signatures of eosinophilia and type 2 inflammation. However, the details of the immune response in adults with EoE are still being elucidated. To determine whether EoE in adults shares inflammatory profiles with those observed in children, we performed RNA sequencing of paired human esophageal biopsies and blood samples from adults with EoE or gastroesophageal reflux disease. Unbiased analysis of differentially expressed genes in tissue revealed a strong IFN signature that was significantly enriched in EoE patients as compared with patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Both type I and type II IFN-responsive genes were upregulated in adult biopsies, but not in blood. A similar increase in expression of IFN gene sets was observed in pediatric EoE biopsies as compared with non-EoE samples, and in public pediatric and adult RNA-sequencing data. Finally, we found that human peripheral CD4+ T cells from children with EoE produce IFN-γ upon activation with EoE-causal allergens. Together, this work identifies a conserved IFN signature in pediatric and adult EoE, highlighting a role for non-type 2 inflammatory networks in the disease process in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Ruffner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Alex Hu
- Centers for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Julianna Dilollo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kassidy Benocek
- Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Donna Shows
- Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Michael Gluck
- Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98101; and
| | - Jonathan M Spergel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - David A Hill
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104; .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Karen Cerosaletti
- Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101;
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14
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Mahood T, Pascoe CD, Karakach TK, Jha A, Basu S, Ezzati P, Spicer V, Mookherjee N, Halayko AJ. Integrating Proteomes for Lung Tissues and Lavage Reveals Pathways That Link Responses in Allergen-Challenged Mice. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:1171-1189. [PMID: 33490776 PMCID: PMC7818314 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To capture interplay between biological pathways, we analyzed the proteome from matched lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of individual allergen-naïve and house dust mite (HDM)-challenged BALB/c mice, a model of allergic asthma. Unbiased label-free liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis quantified 2675 proteins from tissues and BALF of allergen-naïve and HDM-exposed mice. In comparing the four datasets, we found significantly greater diversity in proteins between lung tissues and BALF than in the changes induced by HDM challenge. The biological pathways enriched after allergen exposure were compartment-dependent. Lung tissues featured innate immune responses and oxidative stress, while BALF most strongly revealed changes in metabolism. We combined lung tissues and BALF proteomes, which principally highlighted oxidation reduction (redox) pathways, a finding influenced chiefly by the lung tissue dataset. Integrating lung and BALF proteomes also uncovered new proteins and biological pathways that may mediate lung tissue and BALF interactions after allergen challenge, for example, B-cell receptor signaling. We demonstrate that enhanced insight is fostered when different biological compartments from the lung are investigated in parallel. Integration of proteomes from lung tissues and BALF compartments reveals new information about protein networks in response to environmental challenge and interaction between intracellular and extracellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
H. Mahood
- Department
of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University
of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- DEVOTION
Network, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biology
of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital
Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Canadian
Respiratory Research Network, Ottawa, Ontario K2E 7V7, Canada
| | - Christopher D. Pascoe
- Department
of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University
of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- DEVOTION
Network, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biology
of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital
Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Canadian
Respiratory Research Network, Ottawa, Ontario K2E 7V7, Canada
| | - Tobias K. Karakach
- Bioinformatics
Core Laboratory, Children’s Hospital
Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E
3P4, Canada
| | - Aruni Jha
- Department
of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University
of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- DEVOTION
Network, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biology
of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital
Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Canadian
Respiratory Research Network, Ottawa, Ontario K2E 7V7, Canada
| | - Sujata Basu
- Department
of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University
of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- DEVOTION
Network, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biology
of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital
Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Canadian
Respiratory Research Network, Ottawa, Ontario K2E 7V7, Canada
| | - Peyman Ezzati
- Manitoba
Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Victor Spicer
- Manitoba
Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Neeloffer Mookherjee
- DEVOTION
Network, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biology
of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital
Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Manitoba
Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department
of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
- Canadian
Respiratory Research Network, Ottawa, Ontario K2E 7V7, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Halayko
- Department
of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University
of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- DEVOTION
Network, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biology
of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital
Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Canadian
Respiratory Research Network, Ottawa, Ontario K2E 7V7, Canada
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15
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Jain R, Ramaswamy S, Harilal D, Uddin M, Loney T, Nowotny N, Alsuwaidi H, Varghese R, Deesi Z, Alkhajeh A, Khansaheb H, Alsheikh-Ali A, Abou Tayoun A. Host transcriptomic profiling of COVID-19 patients with mild, moderate, and severe clinical outcomes. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:153-160. [PMID: 33425248 PMCID: PMC7773686 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing key molecular and cellular pathways involved in COVID-19 is essential for disease prognosis and management. We perform shotgun transcriptome sequencing of human RNA obtained from nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with COVID-19, and identify a molecular signature associated with disease severity. Specifically, we identify globally dysregulated immune related pathways, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor signaling, complement and coagulation cascades, JAK-STAT, and TGF- β signaling pathways in all, though to a higher extent in patients with severe symptoms. The excessive release of cytokines and chemokines such as CCL2, CCL22, CXCL9 and CXCL12 and certain interferons and interleukins related genes like IFIH1, IFI44, IFIT1 and IL10 were significantly higher in patients with severe clinical presentation compared to mild and moderate presentations. Differential gene expression analysis identified a small set of regulatory genes that might act as strong predictors of patient outcome. Our data suggest that rapid transcriptome analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs can be a powerful approach to quantify host molecular response and may provide valuable insights into COVID-19 pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Jain
- Al Jalila Genomics Center, Al Jalila Children’s Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Divinlal Harilal
- Al Jalila Genomics Center, Al Jalila Children’s Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Uddin
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- The Centre for Applied Genomics (TCAG), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanan Alsuwaidi
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rupa Varghese
- Microbiology and Infection Control Unit, Pathology and Genetics Department, Latifa Women and Children Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zulfa Deesi
- Microbiology and Infection Control Unit, Pathology and Genetics Department, Latifa Women and Children Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulmajeed Alkhajeh
- Medical Education & Research Department, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamda Khansaheb
- Medical Education & Research Department, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alawi Alsheikh-Ali
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Abou Tayoun
- Al Jalila Genomics Center, Al Jalila Children’s Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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16
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Akt3 induces oxidative stress and DNA damage by activating the NADPH oxidase via phosphorylation of p47 phox. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28806-28815. [PMID: 33139577 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017830117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Akt activation up-regulates the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting ROS scavenging. Of the Akt isoforms, Akt3 has also been shown to up-regulate ROS by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we employ a set of isogenic cell lines that express different Akt isoforms, to show that the most robust inducer of ROS is Akt3. As a result, Akt3-expressing cells activate the DNA damage response pathway, express high levels of p53 and its direct transcriptional target miR-34, and exhibit a proliferation defect, which is rescued by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. The importance of the DNA damage response in the inhibition of cell proliferation by Akt3 was confirmed by Akt3 overexpression in p53 -/- and INK4a -/-/Arf -/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), which failed to inhibit cell proliferation, despite the induction of high levels of ROS. The induction of ROS by Akt3 is due to the phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox, which results in NADPH oxidase activation. Expression of Akt3 in p47 phox-/- MEFs failed to induce ROS and to inhibit cell proliferation. Notably, the proliferation defect was rescued by wild-type p47phox, but not by the phosphorylation site mutant of p47phox In agreement with these observations, Akt3 up-regulates p53 in human cancer cell lines, and the expression of Akt3 positively correlates with the levels of p53 in a variety of human tumors. More important, Akt3 alterations correlate with a higher frequency of mutation of p53, suggesting that tumor cells may adapt to high levels of Akt3, by inactivating the DNA damage response.
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17
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Huang TT, Lampert EJ, Coots C, Lee JM. Targeting the PI3K pathway and DNA damage response as a therapeutic strategy in ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 86:102021. [PMID: 32311593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide although exponential progress has been made in its treatment over the last decade. New agents and novel combination treatments are on the horizon. Among many new drugs, a series of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (referred to as the PI3K pathway) inhibitors are under development or already in clinical testing. The PI3K pathway is frequently upregulated in ovarian cancer and activated PI3K signaling contributes to increased cell survival and chemoresistance. However, no significant clinical success has been achieved with the PI3K pathway inhibitor(s) to date, reflecting the complex biology and also highlighting the need for combination treatment strategies. DNA damage repair pathways have been active therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer. Emerging data suggest the PI3K pathway is also involved in DNA replication and genome stability, making DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors as an attractive combination treatment for PI3K pathway blockades. This review describes an expanded role for the PI3K pathway in the context of DDR and cell cycle regulation. We also present the novel treatment strategies combining PI3K pathway inhibitors with DDR blockades to improve the efficacy of these inhibitors for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Huang
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Erika J Lampert
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Coots
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Xiao J, Li W, Zheng X, Qi L, Wang H, Zhang C, Wan X, Zheng Y, Zhong R, Zhou X, Lu Y, Li Z, Qiu Y, Liu C, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Xu X, Yang Z, Chen H, Zhai Q, Wei B, Wang H. Targeting 7-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase Integrates Cholesterol Metabolism and IRF3 Activation to Eliminate Infection. Immunity 2019; 52:109-122.e6. [PMID: 31882361 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent work suggests that cholesterol metabolism impacts innate immune responses against infection. However, the key enzymes or the natural products and mechanisms involved are not well elucidated. Here, we have shown that upon DNA and RNA viral infection, macrophages reduced 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) expression. DHCR7 deficiency or treatment with the natural product 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) could specifically promote phosphorylation of IRF3 (not TBK1) and enhance type I interferon (IFN-I) production in macrophages. We further elucidated that viral infection or 7-DHC treatment enhanced AKT3 expression and activation. AKT3 directly bound and phosphorylated IRF3 at Ser385, together with TBK1-induced phosphorylation of IRF3 Ser386, to achieve IRF3 dimerization. Deletion of DHCR7 and the DHCR7 inhibitors including AY9944 and the chemotherapy drug tamoxifen promoted clearance of Zika virus and multiple viruses in vitro or in vivo. Taken together, we propose that the DHCR7 inhibitors and 7-DHC are potential therapeutics against emerging or highly pathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Weiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Linlin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, China; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shangda Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuxiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ruiyue Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhiqi Li
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, China; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shangda Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China; Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China; Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Hualan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, China; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shangda Road, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Hongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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19
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Reisländer T, Lombardi EP, Groelly FJ, Miar A, Porru M, Di Vito S, Wright B, Lockstone H, Biroccio A, Harris A, Londoño-Vallejo A, Tarsounas M. BRCA2 abrogation triggers innate immune responses potentiated by treatment with PARP inhibitors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3143. [PMID: 31316060 PMCID: PMC6637138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous germline mutations in BRCA2 predispose to breast and ovarian cancer. Contrary to non-cancerous cells, where BRCA2 deletion causes cell cycle arrest or cell death, tumors carrying BRCA2 inactivation continue to proliferate. Here we set out to investigate adaptation to loss of BRCA2 focusing on genome-wide transcriptome alterations. Human cells in which BRCA2 expression is inhibited for 4 or 28 days are subjected to RNA-seq analyses revealing a biphasic response to BRCA2 abrogation. The early, acute response consists of downregulation of genes involved in cell cycle progression, DNA replication and repair and is associated with cell cycle arrest in G1. Surprisingly, the late, chronic response consists predominantly of upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Activation of the cGAS-STING-STAT pathway detected in these cells further substantiates the concept that BRCA2 abrogation triggers cell-intrinsic immune signaling. Importantly, we find that treatment with PARP inhibitors stimulates the interferon response in cells and tumors lacking BRCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Reisländer
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Emilia Puig Lombardi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3244, F-75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3244, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Florian J Groelly
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Ana Miar
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Manuela Porru
- Area of Translational Research, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vito
- Area of Translational Research, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Benjamin Wright
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genetics Core, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Helen Lockstone
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genetics Core, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Annamaria Biroccio
- Area of Translational Research, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Adrian Harris
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Arturo Londoño-Vallejo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3244, F-75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3244, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Madalena Tarsounas
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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20
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Kondrashova O, Scott CL. Clarifying the role of EMSY in DNA repair in ovarian cancer. Cancer 2019; 125:2720-2724. [PMID: 31154666 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kondrashova
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clare L Scott
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Elias MS, Wright SC, Remenyi J, Abbott JC, Bray SE, Cole C, Edwards S, Gierlinski M, Glok M, McGrath JA, Nicholson WV, Paternoster L, Prescott AR, Have ST, Whitfield PD, Lamond AI, Brown SJ. EMSY expression affects multiple components of the skin barrier with relevance to atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:470-481. [PMID: 31158401 PMCID: PMC6683598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, complex, and highly heritable inflammatory skin disease. Genome-wide association studies offer opportunities to identify molecular targets for drug development. A risk locus on chromosome 11q13.5 lies between 2 candidate genes, EMSY and LRRC32 (leucine-rich repeat-containing 32) but the functional mechanisms affecting risk of AD remain unclear. Objectives We sought to apply a combination of genomic and molecular analytic techniques to investigate which genes are responsible for genetic risk at this locus and to define mechanisms contributing to atopic skin disease. Methods We used interrogation of available genomic and chromosome conformation data in keratinocytes, small interfering RNA (siRNA)–mediated knockdown in skin organotypic culture and functional assessment of barrier parameters, mass spectrometric global proteomic analysis and quantitative lipid analysis, electron microscopy of organotypic skin, and immunohistochemistry of human skin samples. Results Genomic data indicate active promoters in the genome-wide association study locus and upstream of EMSY; EMSY, LRRC32, and intergenic variants all appear to be within a single topologically associating domain. siRNA-knockdown of EMSY in organotypic culture leads to enhanced development of barrier function, reflecting increased expression of structural and functional proteins, including filaggrin and filaggrin-2, as well as long-chain ceramides. Conversely, overexpression of EMSY in keratinocytes leads to a reduction in markers of barrier formation. Skin biopsy samples from patients with AD show greater EMSY staining in the nucleus, which is consistent with an increased functional effect of this transcriptional control protein. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate an important role for EMSY in transcriptional regulation and skin barrier formation, supporting EMSY inhibition as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina S Elias
- Skin Research Group, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
| | - Sheila C Wright
- Skin Research Group, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Judit Remenyi
- Skin Research Group, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - James C Abbott
- Data Analysis/Bioinformatics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E Bray
- NHS Research Scotland Biorepository Tayside, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Cole
- Data Analysis/Bioinformatics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Edwards
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Marek Gierlinski
- Data Analysis/Bioinformatics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Mateusz Glok
- Skin Research Group, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, United Kingdom
| | - William V Nicholson
- Skin Research Group, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R Prescott
- Dundee Imaging Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Ten Have
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip D Whitfield
- Lipidomics Research Facility, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Angus I Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sara J Brown
- Skin Research Group, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom.
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22
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Assessing the Risk Factors for Refractory Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children and Adults. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:1654543. [PMID: 30755767 PMCID: PMC6348890 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1654543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Up to one-third of the patients suffering from eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) present a refractory form, as defined by nonresponsiveness in clinical, endoscopic, or histological assessment after first-line therapy. Several studies recently investigated which factors can influence the development of this disease, but very few analyzed the factors underlying refractory EoE. Methods Medical charts of patients affected by EoE were retrospectively evaluated. Phenotyping of patients was conducted according to demographic, clinical, histological, and treatment variables. Then, patients were divided into responder and nonresponder to therapy and distinguished among children and adults. Results Forty-five children and 35 adult EoE patients were included. In the pediatric population, female sex (p < 0.05) and a higher score of visual analogue scale (VAS) at the follow-up visit (p = 0.02) were significantly associated to the risk of refractory EoE. Among adults, statistical significance was reached for years of follow-up (p = 0.001), diagnostic delay (p = 0.03), use of antibiotics during infancy (p = 0.01), and food allergy (p = 0.04). Conclusions Our study highlighted female sex and a higher VAS score at the time of follow-up visits as risk factors for refractory EoE in children, while the risk factors in adults were identified as fewer years of follow-up, greater diagnostic delay, use of antibiotics during infancy, and food allergy.
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23
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Mi J, Yang X, Zhang J, Zhang X, Xu C, Liao S, Tu X. Crystal structure of an ENT domain from Trypanosoma brucei. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:755-760. [PMID: 30293681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei) is a parasitic protozoan causing human sleeping sickness and related animal diseases. ENT (EMSY N-terminal) domain was first found in EMSY protein which has been proved to be involved in multiple biological processes such as DNA repair, tumorigenesis, and transcriptional regulation. So far, little is known about the function and structure of ENT domains from protozoan. Q385P5 from T. brucei, containing an ENT domain at its N-terminus, is a conserved protein in related kinetoplastid parasites. In this work, the crystal structure of ENT domain of Q385P5 (TbENT) was solved at a resolution of 2.3 Å. TbENT adopts a club-like shape consisting of five helixes, which is similar to the structure of human EMSY ENT domain (HsENT). Interestingly, TbENT shows significantly different orientation on the fifth α-helix compared with HsENT. Meanwhile, human HP1 interacts with a conserved motif adjacent to EMSY ENT domain. However, this conserved binding motif is absent in Q385P5. These differences may imply the different protein interactions and roles of Q385P5 and its ENT domain in T. brucei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Jiahai Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Xuecheng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, PR China
| | - Chao Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Shanhui Liao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
| | - Xiaoming Tu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
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24
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Fahey LM, Guzek R, Ruffner MA, Sullivan KE, Spergel J, Cianferoni A. EMSY is increased and activates TSLP & CCL5 expression in eosinophilic esophagitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2018; 29:565-568. [PMID: 29663593 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Fahey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Guzek
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melanie A Ruffner
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Spergel
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonella Cianferoni
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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25
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Szymonowicz K, Oeck S, Krysztofiak A, van der Linden J, Iliakis G, Jendrossek V. Restraining Akt1 Phosphorylation Attenuates the Repair of Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks and Reduces the Survival of Irradiated Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082233. [PMID: 30065170 PMCID: PMC6121313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival kinase protein kinase B (Akt) participates in the regulation of essential subcellular processes, e.g., proliferation, growth, survival, and apoptosis, and has a documented role in promoting resistance against genotoxic stress including radiotherapy, presumably by influencing the DNA damage response and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. However, its exact role in DSB repair requires further elucidation. We used a genetic approach to explore the consequences of impaired phosphorylation of Akt1 at one or both of its key phosphorylation sites, Threonine 308 (T308) or Serine 473 (S473), on DSB repair and radiosensitivity to killing. Therefore, we overexpressed either the respective single or the double phosphorylation-deficient mutants (Akt1-T308A, Akt1-S473A, or Akt1-T308A/S473A) in TRAMPC1 murine prostate cancer cells (TrC1) and measured the DSB repair kinetics and clonogenic cell survival upon irradiation. Only the expression of the Akt1-T308A/S473A induced a significant delay in the kinetics of DSB repair in irradiated TrC1 as determined by the γH2A.X (H2A histone family, member X) assay and the neutral comet assay, respectively. Moreover, Akt1-T308A/S473A-expressing cells were characterized by increased radiosensitivity compared to Akt1-WT (wild type)-expressing cells in long-term colony formation assays. Our data reveal that Akt1’s activation state is important for the cellular radiation response, presumably by modulating the phosphorylation of effector proteins involved in the regulation of DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Szymonowicz
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen Virchowstrasse 173, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Oeck
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen Virchowstrasse 173, 45147 Essen, Germany.
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 15 York Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Adam Krysztofiak
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen Virchowstrasse 173, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Jansje van der Linden
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen Virchowstrasse 173, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - George Iliakis
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 171, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen Virchowstrasse 173, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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26
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Hollingsworth J, Lau A, Tone A, Kollara A, Allen L, Colgan TJ, Dube V, Rosen B, Murphy KJ, Greenblatt EM, Feigenberg T, Virtanen C, Brown TJ. BRCA1 Mutation Status and Follicular Fluid Exposure Alters NFκB Signaling and ISGylation in Human Fallopian Tube Epithelial Cells. Neoplasia 2018; 20:697-709. [PMID: 29852322 PMCID: PMC6030391 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations (mtBRCA1 and mtBRCA2) increase risk for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the most commonly diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancer histotype. Other identified risk factors for this cancer, which originates primarily in the distal fallopian tube epithelium (FTE), implicate ovulation, during which the FTE cells become transiently exposed to follicular fluid (FF). To test whether mtBRCA1 or mtBRCA2 nonmalignant FTE cells respond differently to periovulatory FF exposure than control patient FTE cells, gene expression profiles from primary FTE cultures derived from BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers or control patients were compared at baseline, 24 hours after FF exposure, and 24 hours after FF replacement with culture medium. Hierarchical clustering revealed both FF exposure and BRCA mutation status affect gene expression, with BRCA1 mutation having the greatest impact. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed increased NFκB and EGFR signaling at baseline in mtBRCA1 samples, with increased interferon target gene expression, including members of the ISGylation pathway, observed after recovery from FF exposure. Gene set enrichment analysis did not identify altered pathway signaling in mtBRCA2 samples. An inverse relationship between EGFR signaling and ISGylation with BRCA1 protein levels was verified in an immortalized FTE cell line, OE-E6/E7, stably transfected with BRCA1 cDNA. Suppression of ISG15 and ISGylated protein levels by increased BRCA1 expression was found to be mediated by decreased NFκB signaling. These studies indicate that increased NFκB signaling associated with decreased BRCA1 expression results in increased ISG15 and protein ISGylation following FF exposure, which may be involved in predisposition to HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hollingsworth
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Angela Lau
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Alicia Tone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - Alexandra Kollara
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Lisa Allen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Terence J Colgan
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - Valerie Dube
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Department of Pathology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - Barry Rosen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - K Joan Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - Ellen M Greenblatt
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Tomer Feigenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
| | | | - Theodore J Brown
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
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27
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Clinical importance of the EMSY gene expression and polymorphisms in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17735-17755. [PMID: 29707144 PMCID: PMC5915152 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
EMSY, a BRCA2–associated protein, is amplified and overexpressed in various sporadic cancers. This is the first study assessing the clinical impact of its expression and polymorphisms on ovarian cancer (OvCa) outcome in the context of the chemotherapy regimen used. In 134 frozen OvCa samples, we assessed EMSY mRNA expression with Reverse Transcription-quantitative PCR, and also investigated the EMSY gene sequence using SSCP and/or PCR-sequencing. Clinical relevance of changes in EMSY mRNA expression and DNA sequence was evaluated in two subgroups treated with either taxane/platinum (TP, n=102) or platinum/cyclophosphamide (PC, n=32). High EMSY expression negatively affected overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and sensitivity to treatment (PS) in the TP-treated subgroup (p-values: 0.001, 0.002 and 0.010, respectively). Accordingly, our OvCa cell line studies showed that the EMSY gene knockdown sensitized A2780 and IGROV1 cells to paclitaxel. Interestingly, EMSY mRNA expression in surviving cells was similar as in the control cells. Additionally, we identified 24 sequence alterations in the EMSY gene, including the previously undescribed: c.720G>C, p.(Lys240Asn); c.1860G>A, p.(Lys620Lys); c.246-76A>G; c.421+68A>C. In the PC-treated subgroup, a heterozygous genotype comprising five SNPs (rs4300410, rs3814711, rs4245443, rs2508740, rs2513523) negatively correlated with OS (p-value=0.009). The same SNPs exhibited adverse borderline associations with PS in the TP-treated subgroup. This is the first study providing evidence that high EMSY mRNA expression is a negative prognostic and predictive factor in OvCa patients treated with TP, and that the clinical outcome may hinge on certain SNPs in the EMSY gene as well.
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28
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Szymonowicz K, Oeck S, Malewicz NM, Jendrossek V. New Insights into Protein Kinase B/Akt Signaling: Role of Localized Akt Activation and Compartment-Specific Target Proteins for the Cellular Radiation Response. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030078. [PMID: 29562639 PMCID: PMC5876653 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations driving aberrant activation of the survival kinase Protein Kinase B (Akt) are observed with high frequency during malignant transformation and cancer progression. Oncogenic gene mutations coding for the upstream regulators or Akt, e.g., growth factor receptors, RAS and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), or for one of the three Akt isoforms as well as loss of the tumor suppressor Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog on Chromosome Ten (PTEN) lead to constitutive activation of Akt. By activating Akt, these genetic alterations not only promote growth, proliferation and malignant behavior of cancer cells by phosphorylation of various downstream signaling molecules and signaling nodes but can also contribute to chemo- and radioresistance in many types of tumors. Here we review current knowledge on the mechanisms dictating Akt’s activation and target selection including the involvement of miRNAs and with focus on compartmentalization of the signaling network. Moreover, we discuss recent advances in the cross-talk with DNA damage response highlighting nuclear Akt target proteins with potential involvement in the regulation of DNA double strand break repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Szymonowicz
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Oeck
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, 45122 Essen, Germany.
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Nathalie M Malewicz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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29
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Pan W, Song D, He W, Lu H, Lan Y, Li H, Gao F, Zhao K. EIF3i affects vesicular stomatitis virus growth by interacting with matrix protein. Vet Microbiol 2017; 212:59-66. [PMID: 29173589 PMCID: PMC7117458 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
VSV M protein interacts with the i subunit of eIF3. The region of M that interacts with eIF3i is located within the 122- to -181 amino acids. M–eIF3i interaction affects VSV growth.
The matrix protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) performs multiple functions during viral genome replication and virion production and is involved in modulating multiple host signaling pathways that favor virus replication. To perform numerous functions within infected cells, the M protein needs to recruit cellular partners. To better understand the role of M during VSV replication, we looked for interacting partners by using the two-hybrid system. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit i (eIF3i) was identified to be an M-binding partner, and this interaction was validated by GST pull-down and laser confocal assays. Through a mutagenesis analysis, we found that some mutants of M between amino acids 122 and 181 impaired but did not completely abolish the M–eIF3i interaction. Furthermore, the knockdown of eIF3i by RNA interference decreased viral replication and transcription in the early stages but led to increase in later stages. VSV transcription was increased at 4 h post-infection but was not changed at 8 and 12 h post-infection after the over-expression of eIF3i. Finally, we also demonstrated that VSV could inhibit the activity of Akt1 and that the knockdown of eIF3i inhibited the expression of the ISGs regulated by phospho-Akt1. These results indicated that eIF3i may affect VSV growth by regulating the host antiviral response in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Deguang Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Wenqi He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yungang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China.
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30
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Jelinic P, Eccles LA, Tseng J, Cybulska P, Wielgos M, Powell SN, Levine DA. The EMSY threonine 207 phospho-site is required for EMSYdriven suppression of DNA damage repair. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13792-13804. [PMID: 28099152 PMCID: PMC5355139 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are essential for the repair of double-strand DNA breaks, and alterations in these genes are a hallmark of breast and ovarian carcinomas. Other functionally related genes may also play important roles in carcinogenesis. Amplification of EMSY, a putative BRCAness gene, has been suggested to impair DNA damage repair by suppressing BRCA2 function. We employed direct repeat GFP (DR-GFP) and RAD51 foci formation assays to show that EMSY overexpression impairs the repair of damaged DNA, suggesting that EMSY belongs to the family of BRCAness proteins. We also identified a novel phospho-site at threonine 207 (T207) and demonstrated its role in EMSY-driven suppression of DNA damage repair. In vitro kinase assays established that protein kinase A (PKA) directly phosphorylates the T207 phospho-site. Immunoprecipitation experiments suggest that EMSY-driven suppression of DNA damage repair is a BRCA2-independent process. The data also suggest that EMSY amplification is a BRCAness feature, and may help to expand the population of patients who could benefit from targeted therapies that are also effective in BRCA1/2-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Jelinic
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of OB/GYN, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Laura A Eccles
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Jill Tseng
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Paulina Cybulska
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Monicka Wielgos
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of OB/GYN, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Simon N Powell
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of OB/GYN, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
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31
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Määttä KM, Nurminen R, Kankuri-Tammilehto M, Kallioniemi A, Laasanen SL, Schleutker J. Germline EMSY sequence alterations in hereditary breast cancer and ovarian cancer families. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:496. [PMID: 28738860 PMCID: PMC5525221 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations explain approximately one-fifth of the inherited susceptibility in high-risk Finnish hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) families. EMSY is located in the breast cancer-associated chromosomal region 11q13. The EMSY gene encodes a BRCA2-interacting protein that has been implicated in DNA damage repair and genomic instability. We analysed the role of germline EMSY variation in breast/ovarian cancer predisposition. The present study describes the first EMSY screening in patients with high familial risk for this disease. METHODS Index individuals from 71 high-risk, BRCA1/2-negative HBOC families were screened for germline EMSY sequence alterations in protein coding regions and exon-intron boundaries using Sanger sequencing and TaqMan assays. The identified variants were further screened in 36 Finnish HBOC patients and 904 controls. Moreover, one novel intronic deletion was screened in a cohort of 404 breast cancer patients unselected for family history. Haplotype block structure and the association of haplotypes with breast/ovarian cancer were analysed using Haploview. The functionality of the identified variants was predicted using Haploreg, RegulomeDB, Human Splicing Finder, and Pathogenic-or-Not-Pipeline 2. RESULTS Altogether, 12 germline EMSY variants were observed. Two alterations were located in the coding region, five alterations were intronic, and five alterations were located in the 3'untranslated region (UTR). Variant frequencies did not significantly differ between cases and controls. The novel variant, c.2709 + 122delT, was detected in 1 out of 107 (0.9%) breast cancer patients, and the carrier showed a bilateral form of the disease. The deletion was absent in 897 controls (OR = 25.28; P = 0.1) and in 404 breast cancer patients unselected for family history. No haplotype was identified to increase the risk of breast/ovarian cancer. Functional analyses suggested that variants, particularly in the 3'UTR, were located within regulatory elements. The novel deletion was predicted to affect splicing regulatory elements. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the identified EMSY variants are likely neutral at the population level. However, these variants may contribute to breast/ovarian cancer risk in single families. Additional analyses are warranted for rare novel intronic deletions and the 3'UTR variants predicted to have functional roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi M Määttä
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology - BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu 1, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 4, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Nurminen
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology - BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu 1, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 4, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Kankuri-Tammilehto
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology - BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu 1, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Satu-Leena Laasanen
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetics Outpatient Clinic, and Department of Dermatology, Tampere UniversityHospital, PO BOX 2000, FI-33521, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Hospital, PO BOX 2000, FI-33521, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology - BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu 1, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland. .,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 4, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland. .,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20014, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20521, Turku, Finland.
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Moniz LS, Surinova S, Ghazaly E, Velasco LG, Haider S, Rodríguez-Prados JC, Berenjeno IM, Chelala C, Vanhaesebroeck B. Phosphoproteomic comparison of Pik3ca and Pten signalling identifies the nucleotidase NT5C as a novel AKT substrate. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39985. [PMID: 28059163 PMCID: PMC5216349 DOI: 10.1038/srep39985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify novel effectors and processes regulated by PI3K pathway activation, we performed an unbiased phosphoproteomic screen comparing two common events of PI3K deregulation in cancer: oncogenic Pik3ca mutation (Pik3caH1047R) and deletion of Pten. Using mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) models that generate inducible, low-level pathway activation as observed in cancer, we quantified 7566 unique phosphopeptides from 3279 proteins. A number of proteins were found to be differentially-regulated by Pik3caH1047R and Pten loss, suggesting unique roles for these two events in processes such as vesicular trafficking, DNA damage repair and RNA splicing. We also identified novel PI3K effectors that were commonly-regulated, including putative AKT substrates. Validation of one of these hits, confirmed NT5C (5',3'-Nucleotidase, Cytosolic) as a novel AKT substrate, with an unexpected role in actin cytoskeleton regulation via an interaction with the ARP2/3 complex. This study has produced a comprehensive data resource and identified a new link between PI3K pathway activation and actin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa S. Moniz
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Silvia Surinova
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Essam Ghazaly
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Lorena Gonzalez Velasco
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Syed Haider
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | - Inma M. Berenjeno
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Claude Chelala
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London WC1E 6DD, UK
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Manz J, Rodríguez E, ElSharawy A, Oesau EM, Petersen BS, Baurecht H, Mayr G, Weber S, Harder J, Reischl E, Schwarz A, Novak N, Franke A, Weidinger S. Targeted Resequencing and Functional Testing Identifies Low-Frequency Missense Variants in the Gene Encoding GARP as Significant Contributors to Atopic Dermatitis Risk. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:2380-2386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging chronic atopic disease. Recent advances in understanding its genetic and molecular biology pathogenesis may lead to a better management of the disease RECENT FINDINGS EoE is an atopic disease. Most of the patients affected by EoE have other atopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, IgE-mediated food allergies and/or atopic dermatitis. The local inflammation is a T helper type 2 (Th2) flogosis, which most likely is driven by a mixed IgE and n-IgE-mediated reaction to food and/or environmental allergens. Epidemiological studies show that EoE is an atopic disease with a strong genetic component. Genetic studies have shown that EoE is associated with single nucleotide polymorphism on genes, which are released by the epithelium and important in atopic inflammation such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin located (TSLP) close to the Th2 cytokine cluster [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13] on chromosome 5q22, Calpain 14, EMSY, and Eotaxin3. When the EoE diagnosis is made, it is imperative to control the local eosinophilic inflammation not only to give symptomatic relief to the patient, but also to prevent complications such as esophageal stricture and food impaction. SUMMARY EoE is treated like many other atopic diseases with a combination of topical steroids and/or food antigen avoidance. The new understanding of EoE may lead to more specific and definitive treatments of EoE.
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Bhat-Nakshatri P, Goswami CP, Badve S, Magnani L, Lupien M, Nakshatri H. Molecular Insights of Pathways Resulting from Two Common PIK3CA Mutations in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3989-4001. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Weidinger S, Kabesch M, Rodriguez E. Genetik und Epigenetik von allergischen Erkrankungen und Asthma. ALLERGOLOGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37203-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sleiman PMA, March M, Hakonarson H. The genetic basis of eosinophilic esophagitis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2015; 29:701-707. [PMID: 26552769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis is characterized by destructive responses of the immune system to environmental allergens, including food, on the human esophagus. EoE is now reported as a major cause of upper gastrointestinal morbidity in children and adults and the incidence is reported to be on the increase. It is known that EoE has a high degree of heritability, with a majority of the phenotypic variation believed to be genetic in origin as shown by genetic epidemiology studies of twins and families. Prior to 2010, there were no known genetic risk factors for the disease. Three GWAS have since been published identifying 5 loci which influence risk for EoE in both children and adults. The information gained from GWAS has been of value in elucidating the pathways involved, such as IL4/STAT6, and more unexpected pathways such as epithelial apical transport and wound healing. We will review the results of the EoE GWAS and the known associated genes, concluding with a discussion of some future directions for genetic studies in EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M A Sleiman
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Michael March
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Genetics of allergy and allergic sensitization: common variants, rare mutations. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 36:115-26. [PMID: 26386198 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the specific genetic lesions in allergy has improved in recent years due to identification of common risk variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and studies of rare, monogenic diseases. Large-scale GWAS have identified novel susceptibility loci and provided information about shared genetics between allergy, related phenotypes and autoimmunity. Studies of monogenic diseases have elucidated critical cellular pathways and protein functions responsible for allergy. These complementary approaches imply genetic mechanisms involved in Th2 immunity, T-cell differentiation, TGFβ signaling, regulatory T-cell function and skin/mucosal function as well as yet unknown mechanisms associated with newly identified genes. Future studies, in combination with data on gene expression and epigenetics, are expected to increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of allergy.
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Portelli MA, Hodge E, Sayers I. Genetic risk factors for the development of allergic disease identified by genome-wide association. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:21-31. [PMID: 24766371 PMCID: PMC4298800 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An increasing proportion of the worldwide population is affected by allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR), atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic asthma and improved treatment options are needed particularly for severe, refractory disease. Allergic diseases are complex and development involves both environmental and genetic factors. Although the existence of a genetic component for allergy was first described almost 100 years ago, progress in gene identification has been hindered by lack of high throughput technologies to investigate genetic variation in large numbers of subjects. The development of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), a hypothesis-free method of interrogating large numbers of common variants spanning the entire genome in disease and non-disease subjects has revolutionised our understanding of the genetics of allergic disease. Susceptibility genes for asthma, AR and AD have now been identified with confidence, suggesting there are common and distinct genetic loci associated with these diseases, providing novel insights into potential disease pathways and mechanisms. Genes involved in both adaptive and innate immune mechanisms have been identified, notably including multiple genes involved in epithelial function/secretion, suggesting that the airway epithelium may be particularly important in asthma. Interestingly, concordance/discordance between the genetic factors driving allergic traits such as IgE levels and disease states such as asthma have further supported the accumulating evidence for heterogeneity in these diseases. While GWAS have been useful and continue to identify novel genes for allergic diseases through increased sample sizes and phenotype refinement, future approaches will integrate analyses of rare variants, epigenetic mechanisms and eQTL approaches, leading to greater insight into the genetic basis of these diseases. Gene identification will improve our understanding of disease mechanisms and generate potential therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Portelli
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Tian J, Zhang X, Wu H, Liu C, Li Z, Hu X, Su S, Wang LF, Qu L. Blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway enhances mammalian reovirus replication by repressing IFN-stimulated genes. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:886. [PMID: 26388843 PMCID: PMC4557281 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many host cellular signaling pathways were activated and exploited by virus infection for more efficient replication. The PI3K/Akt pathway has recently attracted considerable interest due to its role in regulating virus replication. This study demonstrated for the first time that the mammalian reovirus strains Masked Palm Civet/China/2004 (MPC/04) and Bat/China/2003 (B/03) can induce transient activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway early in infection in vitro. When UV-treated, both viruses activated PI3K/Akt signaling, indicating that the virus/receptor interaction was sufficient to activate PI3K/Akt. Reovirus virions can use both clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, but only chlorpromazine, a specific inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, or siRNA targeting clathrin suppressed Akt phosphorylation. We also identified the upstream molecules of the PI3K pathway. Virus infection induced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) but not Gab1, and blockage of FAK phosphorylation suppressed Akt phosphorylation. Blockage of PI3K/Akt activation increased virus RNA synthesis and viral yield. We also found that reovirus infection activated the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) in an interferon-independent manner and up-regulated IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) via the PI3K/Akt/EMSY pathway. Suppression of PI3K/Akt activation impaired the induction of ISRE and down-regulated the expression of ISGs. Overexpression of ISG15 and Viperin inhibited virus replication, and knockdown of either enhanced virus replication. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PI3K/Akt activated by mammalian reovirus serves as a pathway for sensing and then inhibiting virus replication/infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China
| | - Xiaozhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China
| | - Chunguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoliang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liandong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China
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41
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Changes in Susceptibility to Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus during Progression of Prostate Cancer. J Virol 2015; 89:5250-63. [PMID: 25741004 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00257-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A major challenge to oncolytic virus therapy is that individual cancers vary in their sensitivity to oncolytic viruses, even when these cancers arise from the same tissue type. Variability in response may arise due to differences in the initial genetic lesions leading to cancer development. Alternatively, susceptibility to viral oncolysis may change during cancer progression. These hypotheses were tested using cells from a transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Primary cultures from murine cancers derived from prostate-specific Pten deletion contained a mixture of cells that were susceptible and resistant to VSV. Castration-resistant cancers contained a higher percentage of susceptible cells than cancers from noncastrated mice. These results indicate both susceptible and resistant cells can evolve within the same tumor. The role of Pten deletion was further investigated using clonal populations of murine prostate epithelial (MPE) progenitor cells and tumor-derived Pten(-/-) cells. Deletion of Pten in MPE progenitor cells using a lentivirus vector resulted in cells that responded poorly to interferon and were susceptible to VSV infection. In contrast, tumor-derived Pten(-/-) cells expressed higher levels of the antiviral transcription factor STAT1, activated STAT1 in response to VSV, and were resistant to VSV infection. These results suggest that early in tumor development following Pten deletion, cells are primarily sensitive to VSV, but subsequent evolution in tumors leads to development of cells that are resistant to VSV infection. Further evolution in castration-resistant tumors leads to tumors in which cells are primarily sensitive to VSV. IMPORTANCE There has been a great deal of progress in the development of replication-competent viruses that kill cancer cells (oncolytic viruses). However, a major problem is that individual cancers vary in their sensitivity to oncolytic viruses, even when these cancers arise from the same tissue type. The experiments presented here were to determine whether both sensitive and resistant cells are present in prostate cancers originating from a single genetic lesion in transgenic mice, prostate-specific deletion of the gene for the tumor suppressor Pten. The results indicate that murine prostate cancers are composed of both cells that are sensitive and cells that are resistant to oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Furthermore, androgen deprivation led to castration-resistant prostate cancers that were composed primarily of cells that were sensitive to VSV. These results are encouraging for the use of VSV for the treatment of prostate cancers that are resistant to androgen deprivation therapy.
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Amaral AFS, Minelli C, Guerra S, Wjst M, Probst-Hensch N, Pin I, Svanes C, Janson C, Heinrich J, Jarvis DL. The locus C11orf30 increases susceptibility to poly-sensitization. Allergy 2015; 70:328-33. [PMID: 25546184 DOI: 10.1111/all.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A number of genetic variants have been associated with allergic sensitization, but whether these are allergen specific or increase susceptibility to poly-sensitization is unknown. Using data from the large multicentre population-based European Community Respiratory Health Survey, we assessed the association between 10 loci and specific IgE and skin prick tests to individual allergens and poly-sensitization. We found that the 10 loci associate with sensitization to different allergens in a nonspecific manner and that one in particular, C11orf30-rs2155219, doubles the risk of poly-sensitization (specific IgE/4 allergens: OR = 1.81, 95% CI 0.80-4.24; skin prick test/4+ allergens: OR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.34-3.95). The association of rs2155219 with higher levels of expression of C11orf30, which may be involved in transcription repression of interferon-stimulated genes, and its association with sensitization to multiple allergens suggest that this locus is highly relevant for atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. F. S. Amaral
- Respiratory Epidemiology; Occupational Medicine and Public Health; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College; London UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health; London UK
| | - C. Minelli
- Respiratory Epidemiology; Occupational Medicine and Public Health; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College; London UK
| | - S. Guerra
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Universitat Pompeu Fabra; CIBERESP; Barcelona Spain
- Arizona Respiratory Center; University of Arizona; Tucson AZ USA
| | - M. Wjst
- Molecular Genetics of Lung Diseases; Comprehensive Pneumology Center; Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Center for Environmental Health; Neuherberg Germany
| | - N. Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute; Basel Switzerland
- University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - I. Pin
- Pédiatrie; CHU de Grenoble; Institut Albert Bonniot; INSERM; Grenoble France
- Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble France
| | - C. Svanes
- Bergen Respiratory Research Group; Institute of Medicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Department of Occupational Medicine; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | - C. Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - J. Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I; Helmholtz Zentrum; Munich Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational; Social and Environmental Medicine; Inner City Clinic; University Hospital Munich; Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - D. L. Jarvis
- Respiratory Epidemiology; Occupational Medicine and Public Health; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College; London UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health; London UK
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Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Discovering susceptibility genes for allergic rhinitis and allergy using a genome-wide association study strategy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 15:33-40. [PMID: 25304232 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic rhinitis and allergy are complex conditions, in which both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) employing common single-nucleotide polymorphisms have accelerated the search for novel and interesting genes, and also confirmed the role of some previously described genes which may be involved in the cause of allergic rhinitis and allergy. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the genetic basis of allergic rhinitis and the associated allergic phenotypes, with particular focus on GWASs. RECENT FINDINGS The last decade has been marked by the publication of more than 20 GWASs of allergic rhinitis and the associated allergic phenotypes. Allergic diseases and traits have been shown to share a large number of genetic susceptibility loci, of which IL33/IL1RL1, IL-13-RAD50 and C11orf30/LRRC32 appear to be important for more than two allergic phenotypes. GWASs have further reflected the genetic heterogeneity underlying allergic phenotypes. SUMMARY Large-scale genome-wide association strategies are underway to discover new susceptibility variants for allergic rhinitis and allergic phenotypes. Characterization of the underlying genetics provides us with an insight into the potential targets for future studies and the corresponding interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Li
- aDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University bBeijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology cDepartment of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China *Jingyun Li and Yuan Zhang contributed equally to the writing of this article
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Cianferoni A, Spergel JM, Muir A. Recent advances in the pathological understanding of eosinophilic esophagitis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 9:1501-10. [PMID: 26470602 PMCID: PMC4943572 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2015.1094372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergen-mediated inflammatory disease of the esophagus. This inflammation leads to feeding difficulties, failure to thrive and vomiting in young children, and causes food impaction and esophageal stricture in adolescents and adults. In the 20 years since EoE was first described, we have gained a great deal of knowledge regarding the genetic predisposition of disease, the inflammatory milieu associated with EoE and the long-term complications of chronic inflammation. Herein, we summarize the important breakthroughs in the field including both in vitro and in vivo analysis. We discuss insights that we have gained from large-scale unbiased genetic analysis, a multitude of genetically and chemically altered mouse models of EoE and most importantly, the results of clinical trials of various pharmacologic agents. Understanding these successes and failures may be the key to developing more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cianferoni
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.,Corresponding Authors: Antonella Cianferoni, MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Allergy and Immunology, 3550 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, , Amanda Muir, MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Gastroenterology, 34 and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104,
| | - Jonathan M. Spergel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda Muir
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.,Corresponding Authors: Antonella Cianferoni, MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Allergy and Immunology, 3550 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, , Amanda Muir, MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Gastroenterology, 34 and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104,
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45
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EMSY promoted the growth and migration of ovarian cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:3085-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Sleiman PMA, Wang ML, Cianferoni A, Aceves S, Gonsalves N, Nadeau K, Bredenoord AJ, Furuta GT, Spergel JM, Hakonarson H. GWAS identifies four novel eosinophilic esophagitis loci. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5593. [PMID: 25407941 PMCID: PMC4238044 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic disorder characterized by infiltration of the oesophagus with eosinophils. We had previously reported association of the TSLP/WDR36 locus with EoE. Here we report genome-wide significant associations at four additional loci; c11orf30 and STAT6, which have been previously associated with both atopic and autoimmune diseases, and two EoE-specific loci, ANKRD27 that regulates the trafficking of melanogenic enzymes to epidermal melanocytes and CAPN14, that encodes a calpain whose expression is highly enriched in the oesophagus. The identification of five EoE loci, not only expands our aetiological understanding of the disease but may also represent new therapeutic targets to treat the most debilitating aspect of EoE, oesophageal inflammation and remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick MA Sleiman
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mei-Lun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of GI, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonella Cianferoni
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seema Aceves
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, 9500 Gilman Drive MC-0760, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nirmala Gonsalves
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Northwestern University - The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, CA, USA
| | - Albert J. Bredenoord
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Glenn T. Furuta
- Digestive Health Institute, Section
of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Spergel
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
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47
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Xu H, Xian J, Vire E, McKinney S, Wong J, Wei V, Tong R, Kouzarides T, Caldas C, Aparicio S. Up-regulation of the interferon-related genes in BRCA2 knockout epithelial cells. J Pathol 2014; 234:386-97. [PMID: 25043256 PMCID: PMC4882165 DOI: 10.1002/path.4404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BRCA2 mutations are significantly associated with early-onset breast cancer, and the tumour-suppressing function of BRCA2 has been attributed to its involvement in homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair. In order to identify additional functions of BRCA2, we generated BRCA2-knockout HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells. Using genome-wide microarray analyses, we have discovered a link between the loss of BRCA2 and the up-regulation of a subset of interferon (IFN)-related genes, including APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G. The over-expression of IFN-related genes was confirmed in different human BRCA2(-/-) and mouse Brca2(-/-) tumour cell lines, and was independent of senescence and apoptosis. In isogenic wild-type BRCA2 cells, we observed over-expression of IFN-related genes after treatment with DNA-damaging agents, and following ionizing radiation. Cells with endogenous DNA damage because of defective BRCA1 or RAD51 also exhibited over-expression of IFN-related genes. Transcriptional activity of the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) was increased in BRCA2 knockout cells, and the expression of BRCA2 greatly decreased IFNα-stimulated ISRE reporter activity, suggesting that BRCA2 directly represses the expression of IFN-related genes through the ISRE. Finally, the colony-forming capacity of BRCA2 knockout cells was significantly reduced in the presence of either IFNβ or IFNγ, suggesting that IFNs may have potential as therapeutic agents in cancer cells with BRCA2 mutations. The GEO Accession No. for microarray analysis is GSE54830.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jian Xian
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Emmanuelle Vire
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, The Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Steven McKinney
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jason Wong
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Vivien Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, 1365 - 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Rebecca Tong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, 1365 - 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Tony Kouzarides
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, The Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Samuel Aparicio
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5 Vancouver, BC
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48
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Shared genetic determinants between eczema and other immune-related diseases. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 13:478-86. [PMID: 23945175 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e328364e8f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Eczema and other allergic disorders are complex diseases caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Here, we review recent success in the identification of novel susceptibility loci for eczema. RECENT FINDINGS Genome-wide association studies led to marked progress in unraveling the genetic determinants of allergic disorders. In the past 4 years, a total of 14 new eczema susceptibility loci have been identified and nearly all of them were successfully replicated. Seven additional eczema loci were recently identified by alternative strategies utilizing the remarkable overlap in the genetic cause of diverse immune-related traits. Apart from underlining the importance of the skin barrier in eczema, these studies point to specific immunological functions altered in eczema pathogenesis. SUMMARY The new findings demonstrate that common pathways are involved in the development of eczema and other immune-related traits. Moreover, the genetic determinants shared between eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis should aid in resolving the molecular mechanisms triggering disease progression along the atopic march. The identification of the underlying genes and causal variants will be the major challenge for upcoming studies.
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49
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Hou J, Wang Z, Yang L, Guo X, Yang G. The function of EMSY in cancer development. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5061-6. [PMID: 24609898 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
EMSY was first reported to bind BRCA2 and to inactivate the function of BRCA2, leading to the development of sporadic breast and ovarian cancers. The function of EMSY may also be involved in DNA damage repair, genomic instability, and chromatin remolding. Recent studies have shown that amplification of EMSY was also associated with other cancers such as prostate and pancreatic cancers and linked to tumor phenotypes and clinical outcomes. By reviewing literatures published since 2003, here, we have summarized the recent advances of EMSY in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hou
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
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50
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Viré E, Curtis C, Davalos V, Git A, Robson S, Villanueva A, Vidal A, Barbieri I, Aparicio S, Esteller M, Caldas C, Kouzarides T. The breast cancer oncogene EMSY represses transcription of antimetastatic microRNA miR-31. Mol Cell 2014; 53:806-18. [PMID: 24582497 PMCID: PMC3988886 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amplification of the EMSY gene in sporadic breast and ovarian cancers is a poor prognostic indicator. Although EMSY has been linked to transcriptional silencing, its mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we report that EMSY acts as an oncogene, causing the transformation of cells in vitro and potentiating tumor formation and metastatic features in vivo. We identify an inverse correlation between EMSY amplification and miR-31 expression, an antimetastatic microRNA, in the METABRIC cohort of human breast samples. Re-expression of miR-31 profoundly reduced cell migration, invasion, and colony-formation abilities of cells overexpressing EMSY or haboring EMSY amplification. We show that EMSY is recruited to the miR-31 promoter by the DNA binding factor ETS-1, and it represses miR-31 transcription by delivering the H3K4me3 demethylase JARID1b/PLU-1/KDM5B. Altogether, these results suggest a pathway underlying the role of EMSY in breast cancer and uncover potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in sporadic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Viré
- Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Christina Curtis
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Veronica Davalos
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Anna Git
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Samuel Robson
- Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - August Vidal
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | | | - Samuel Aparicio
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10(th) Avenue, V5Z 1L3 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE, UK; Cambridge Breast Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK; Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Tony Kouzarides
- Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.
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