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Kubagawa H, Mahmoudi Aliabadi P, Al-Qaisi K, Jani PK, Honjo K, Izui S, Radbruch A, Melchers F. Functions of IgM fc receptor (FcµR) related to autoimmunity. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2323563. [PMID: 38465789 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2024.2323563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Unlike Fc receptors for switched immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes, Fc receptor for IgM (FcµR) is selectively expressed by lymphocytes. The ablation of the FcµR gene in mice impairs B cell tolerance as evidenced by concomitant production of autoantibodies of IgM and IgG isotypes. In this essay, we reiterate the autoimmune phenotypes observed in mutant mice, ie IgM homeostasis, dysregulated humoral immune responses including autoantibodies, and Mott cell formation. We also propose the potential phenotypes in individuals with FCMR deficiency and the model for FcµR-mediated regulation of self-reactive B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter K Jani
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kazuhito Honjo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shozo Izui
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Fritz Melchers
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Stark K, Kilani B, Stockhausen S, Busse J, Schubert I, Tran TD, Gaertner F, Leunig A, Pekayvaz K, Nicolai L, Fumagalli V, Stermann J, Stephan F, David C, Müller MB, Heyman B, Lux A, da Palma Guerreiro A, Frenzel LP, Schmidt CQ, Dopler A, Moser M, Chandraratne S, von Brühl ML, Lorenz M, Korff T, Rudelius M, Popp O, Kirchner M, Mertins P, Nimmerjahn F, Iannacone M, Sperandio M, Engelmann B, Verschoor A, Massberg S. Antibodies and complement are key drivers of thrombosis. Immunity 2024; 57:2140-2156.e10. [PMID: 39226900 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common, deadly disease with an increasing incidence despite preventive efforts. Clinical observations have associated elevated antibody concentrations or antibody-based therapies with thrombotic events. However, how antibodies contribute to thrombosis is unknown. Here, we show that reduced blood flow enabled immunoglobulin M (IgM) to bind to FcμR and the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), initiating endothelial activation and platelet recruitment. Subsequently, the procoagulant surface of activated platelets accommodated antigen- and FcγR-independent IgG deposition. This leads to classical complement activation, setting in motion a prothrombotic vicious circle. Key elements of this mechanism were present in humans in the setting of venous stasis as well as in the dysregulated immunothrombosis of COVID-19. This antibody-driven thrombosis can be prevented by pharmacologically targeting complement. Hence, our results uncover antibodies as previously unrecognized central regulators of thrombosis. These findings carry relevance for therapeutic application of antibodies and open innovative avenues to target thrombosis without compromising hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Stark
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Badr Kilani
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Stockhausen
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Busse
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Irene Schubert
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thuy-Duong Tran
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Gaertner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Leunig
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kami Pekayvaz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leo Nicolai
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valeria Fumagalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Julia Stermann
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Stephan
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian David
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC) LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin B Müller
- Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgitta Heyman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anja Lux
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra da Palma Guerreiro
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany; Center of Integrated Oncology ABCD, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Lukas P Frenzel
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany; Center of Integrated Oncology ABCD, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Christoph Q Schmidt
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Arthur Dopler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Moser
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Institute of Experimental Hematology, TranslaTUM, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sue Chandraratne
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise von Brühl
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lorenz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Rudelius
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Popp
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC) LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Engelmann
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Admar Verschoor
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität München and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Qi J, Yan L, Sun J, Huang C, Su B, Cheng J, Shen L. SUMO-specific protease 1 regulates germinal center B cell response through deSUMOylation of PAX5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314619121. [PMID: 38776375 PMCID: PMC11145296 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314619121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity depends on the germinal center (GC) reaction where B cells are tightly controlled for class-switch recombination and somatic hypermutation and finally generated into plasma and memory B cells. However, how protein SUMOylation regulates the process of the GC reaction remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the expression of SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1) is up-regulated in GC B cells. Selective ablation of SENP1 in GC B cells results in impaired GC dark and light zone organization and reduced IgG1-switched GC B cells, leading to diminished production of class-switched antibodies with high-affinity in response to a TD antigen challenge. Mechanistically, SENP1 directly binds to Paired box protein 5 (PAX5) to mediate PAX5 deSUMOylation, sustaining PAX5 protein stability to promote the transcription of activation-induced cytidine deaminase. In summary, our study uncovers SUMOylation as an important posttranslational mechanism regulating GC B cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qi
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
| | - Lichong Yan
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
| | - Jiping Sun
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
| | - Chuanxin Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
| | - Bing Su
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
| | - Jinke Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
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Kim S, Chun SH, Cheon YH, Kim M, Kim HO, Lee H, Hong ST, Park SJ, Park MS, Suh YS, Lee SI. Peptoniphilus gorbachii alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by improving intestinal homeostasis and immune regulation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1286387. [PMID: 38239365 PMCID: PMC10794505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The intricate connection between gut microbiota and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis has gained prominence, although the specific microbial species contributing to RA development remain largely unknown. Recent studies have sought to comprehensively explore alterations in the human microbiome, focusing on identifying disease-related microbial species through blood analysis. Consequently, this study aimed to identify RA-associated microbial species using a serum microbial array system and to investigate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of potential microbial species for RA treatment. Methods Serum immunoglobulin M levels against 384 intestinal microbial species were assessed using a microbial microarray in patients with RA and healthy individuals. We investigated the therapeutic potential of the identified microbial candidate regarding arthritis development, immune responses, gut barrier function, and gut microbiome using a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. Results Our findings revealed significant alterations in antibody levels against 36 microbial species in patients with RA compared to healthy individuals. Notably, the antibody levels against Peptoniphilus gorbachii (PG) were decreased in patients with RA and exhibited an inverse correlation with RA disease activity. In vitro experiments demonstrated that PG produced acetate and butyrate, while exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. In CIA mice, PG administration suppressed arthritis symptoms, reduced the accumulation of inflammatory monocytes in the mesenteric lymph nodes, and downregulated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ileum. Additionally, PG supplementation restored intestinal barrier integrity and partially resolved gut microbial dysbiosis in CIA mice. The fecal microbiota in PG-treated mice corresponded to improved intestinal barrier integrity and reduced inflammatory responses. Conclusion This study highlights the potential of serum-based detection of anti-microbial antibodies to identify microbial targets at the species level for RA treatment. Moreover, our findings suggest that PG, identified through the microbial microarray analysis, holds therapeutic potential for RA by restoring intestinal barrier integrity and suppressing the immunologic response associated with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hak Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hong Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Tshool Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Park
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co, Ltd, Hongcheon, Kangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Park
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co, Ltd, Hongcheon, Kangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Gao X, Ma H, Niu J, Li D. FcγRIIB expression increases during primary biliary cholangitis. Mol Immunol 2023; 162:30-37. [PMID: 37634276 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a severe disease with unknown aetiology and poor prognosis owing to ineffective treatment. B-cell antibodies play a regulatory role during immune responses; therefore, their role in PBC should not be overlooked. Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) of IgG and cell surface glycoproteins play an important role in autoimmune and infectious disease prevention. In this study, 60 patients with PBC and 35 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The number of B cells and the expression of the FcγRIIB on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with PBC were evaluated using FACS. The concentrations of soluble FcγRs were determined using ELISA, and intrahepatic FcγRIIB and CD19 expressions in patients with PBC were visualised using IHC. FcγRIIB expression in B cells was significantly higher in patients with PBC than in HCs (P < 0.0001). The soluble FcγRIIB levels in the plasma were higher in patients with PBC than in HCs (P = 0.0009). Notably, these levels were reduced by treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (P = 0.0236). CD19 and FcγRIIB expression increased in the liver of patients with PBC relative to that in HCs. These findings can provide new insights into PBC pathogenesis and can aid the future development of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhu Gao
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Heming Ma
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China; Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China.
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Tian Q, Huo X, Liu Q, Yang C, Zhang Y, Su J. VP4/VP56/VP35 Virus-like Particles Effectively Protect Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella) against GCRV-II Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1373. [PMID: 37631941 PMCID: PMC10458301 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) seriously threatens the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) industry. Prophylactic GCRV vaccines prepared by virus-like particle (VLP) assembly biotechnology can improve effectiveness and safety. The highly immunogenic candidate antigens of GCRV vaccines that have been generally considered are the outer capsid proteins VP4, VP56, and VP35. In this study, VP4, VP56, and VP35 were expressed in an Escherichia coli expression system and a Pichia pastoris expression system. The successful assembly of uniform, stable, and non-toxic VP4/VP56/VP35 VLPs was confirmed through various assays. After vaccination and GCRV infection, the survival rate in the VLPs + adjuvant Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) group was the highest (62%), 40% higher than that in control group (22%). Through the antibody levels, tissue viral load, and antioxidant immunity assays, the P. pastoris VLP vaccine effectively improved IgM levels, alleviated tissue virus load, and regulated antioxidant immune-related indicators. The treatment with P. pastoris VLPs enhanced the mRNA expression of important immune-related genes in the head kidney, as measured by qRT-PCR assay. Upon hematoxylin-eosin staining examination, relatively reduced tissue pathological damage was observed in the VLPs + APS group. The novel vaccine using P. pastoris VLPs as an effective green biological agent provides a prospective strategy for the control of fish viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Tian
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.T.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xingchen Huo
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.T.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qian Liu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.T.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China;
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.T.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jianguo Su
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.T.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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7
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Mahmoudi Aliabadi P, Al-Qaisi K, Jani PK, Honjo K, Klemm U, Lee KH, Baumgarth N, Radbruch A, Melchers F, Kubagawa H. Enhanced Mott cell formation linked with IgM Fc receptor (FcμR) deficiency. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250315. [PMID: 37098762 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, Mott cells, an unusual form of plasma cells containing Ig-inclusion bodies, were frequently observed in peripheral lymphoid tissues in our IgM Fc receptor (FcμR)-deficient (KO) mouse strain. Because of discrepancies in the reported phenotypes of different Fcmr KO mouse strains, we here examined two additional available mutant strains and confirmed that such enhanced Mott-cell formation was a general phenomenon associated with FcμR deficiency. Splenic B cells from Fcmr KO mice clearly generated more Mott cells than those from WT mice when stimulated in vitro with LPS alone or a B-1, but not B-2, activation cocktail. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the Ig variable regions of a single IgMλ+ Mott-hybridoma clone developed from splenic B-1 B cells of Fcmr KO mice revealed the near (VH) or complete (Vλ) identity with the corresponding germline gene segments and the addition of six or five nucleotides at the VH/DH and DH/JH junctions, respectively. Transduction of an FcμR cDNA into the Mott hybridoma significantly reduced cells containing IgM-inclusion bodies with a concomitant increase in IgM secretion, leading to secreted IgM binding to FcμR expressed on Mott transductants. These findings suggest a regulatory role of FcμR in the formation of Mott cells and IgM-inclusion bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khlowd Al-Qaisi
- Humoral Immune Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter K Jani
- Lymphocyte Development, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kazuhito Honjo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA
| | - Uwe Klemm
- Experimental Animals, Max Planck Institute for Infectious Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kyeong-Hee Lee
- Inflammation Research Group, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Department of Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Melchers
- Lymphocyte Development, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiromi Kubagawa
- Humoral Immune Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
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8
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Abdul Lateef Khan K, Sheik Abdul Kader Z. Profiling of Humoral Immune Response in Typhoid Patients against Differentially Extracted Whole Cell Bacterial Protein Derived from S. typhi and S. spp. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2023; 2023:4125588. [PMID: 39281825 PMCID: PMC11401739 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4125588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Typhoid fever is a multiorgan infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi. It is transmitted through fecal oral route and can be fatal without proper treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis of typhoid fever is crucial. In the previous study, we have developed TYPHOIDYNE EIA, which showed excellent synergy between the genus conserved and species-specific antigens in the serodiagnosis of typhoid fever. TYPHOIDYNE EIA can effectively detect and differentiate typhoid patients, typhoid vaccinated subjects, healthy subjects, and subjects with other febrile illnesses. Following the successful development of TYPHOIDYNE EIA, in this report, we further characterize the antigenic components of differentially extracted S. typhi and S. spp recognized by IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody isotypes in typhoid patients and possible typhoid carrier by the western blot (WB) assay. The WB characterization revealed a dynamic pattern of recognition, with significant variations in the number of antigenic bands observed between the differentially extracted arrays of antigens. The reactivity of patient's sera was divided into 3 regions, with region 1 (≥55 kDa) showing the strongest reactivity followed by region 2 (54 kDa-34 kDa) and region 3 (<34 kDa). Overall, the good synergy expressed in these bands suggests the potential role of these proteins in differentiating typhoid patients with possible typhoid carrier. The antigenic bands highlighted in this study are also identified as prospective biomarkers for diagnostic use and vaccine development.
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9
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Li Y, Shen H, Zhang R, Ji C, Wang Y, Su C, Xiao J. Immunoglobulin M perception by FcμR. Nature 2023; 615:907-912. [PMID: 36949194 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the first antibody to emerge during embryonic development and the humoral immune response1. IgM can exist in several distinct forms, including monomeric, membrane-bound IgM within the B cell receptor (BCR) complex, pentameric and hexameric IgM in serum and secretory IgM on the mucosal surface. FcμR, the only IgM-specific receptor in mammals, recognizes different forms of IgM to regulate diverse immune responses2-5. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here we delineate the structural basis of the FcμR-IgM interaction by crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. We show that two FcμR molecules interact with a Fcμ-Cμ4 dimer, suggesting that FcμR can bind to membrane-bound IgM with a 2:1 stoichiometry. Further analyses reveal that FcμR-binding sites are accessible in the context of IgM BCR. By contrast, pentameric IgM can recruit four FcμR molecules to bind on the same side and thereby facilitate the formation of an FcμR oligomer. One of these FcμR molecules occupies the binding site of the secretory component. Nevertheless, four FcμR molecules bind to the other side of secretory component-containing secretory IgM, consistent with the function of FcμR in the retrotransport of secretory IgM. These results reveal intricate mechanisms of IgM perception by FcμR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chenggong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, P. R. China.
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10
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Kozak M, Hu J. The Integrated Consideration of Vaccine Platforms, Adjuvants, and Delivery Routes for Successful Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030695. [PMID: 36992279 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have proven to be the most cost-efficient and reasonable way to fight and exterminate virulent pathogens. Vaccines can be designed using a variety of platforms including inactivated/attenuated pathogen or subunits of it. The most recent COVID mRNA vaccines have employed nucleic acid sequences for the antigen of interest to combat the pandemic. Different vaccine platforms have been chosen for different licensed vaccines which all have shown their ability to induce durable immune responses and protection. In addition to platforms, different adjuvants have been used to strengthen the immunogenicity of vaccines. Among the delivery routes, intramuscular injection has been the most common for vaccination. In this review, we present a historical overview of the integrated consideration of vaccine platforms, adjuvants, and delivery routes in the success of vaccine development. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of each choice in the efficacy of vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kozak
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jiafen Hu
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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11
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Kubagawa H, Clark C, Skopnik CM, Mahmoudi Aliabadi P, Al-Qaisi K, Teuber R, Jani PK, Radbruch A, Melchers F, Engels N, Wienands J. Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles of IgM Fc Receptor (FcµR) Isoforms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065728. [PMID: 36982860 PMCID: PMC10058298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IgM is the first antibody to emerge during phylogeny, ontogeny, and immune responses and serves as a first line of defense. Effector proteins interacting with the Fc portion of IgM, such as complement and its receptors, have been extensively studied for their functions. IgM Fc receptor (FcµR), identified in 2009, is the newest member of the FcR family and is intriguingly expressed by lymphocytes only, suggesting the existence of distinct functions as compared to the FcRs for switched Ig isotypes, which are expressed by various immune and non-hematopoietic cells as central mediators of antibody-triggered responses by coupling the adaptive and innate immune responses. Results from FcµR-deficient mice suggest a regulatory function of FcµR in B cell tolerance, as evidenced by their propensity to produce autoantibodies of both IgM and IgG isotypes. In this article, we discuss conflicting views about the cellular distribution and potential functions of FcµR. The signaling function of the Ig-tail tyrosine-like motif in the FcµR cytoplasmic domain is now formally shown by substitutional experiments with the IgG2 B cell receptor. The potential adaptor protein associating with FcµR and the potential cleavage of its C-terminal cytoplasmic tail after IgM binding are still enigmatic. Critical amino acid residues in the Ig-like domain of FcµR for interacting with the IgM Cµ4 domain and the mode of interaction are now defined by crystallographic and cryo-electron microscopic analyses. Some discrepancies on these interactions are discussed. Finally, elevated levels of a soluble FcµR isoform in serum samples are described as the consequence of persistent B cell receptor stimulation, as seen in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and probably in antibody-mediated autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caren Clark
- Institute of Cellular & Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ruth Teuber
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter K Jani
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Fritz Melchers
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Engels
- Institute of Cellular & Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wienands
- Institute of Cellular & Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Taylor JA, Hutchinson MA, Gearhart PJ, Maul RW. Antibodies in action: the role of humoral immunity in the fight against atherosclerosis. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:59. [PMID: 36461105 PMCID: PMC9717479 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The sequestering of oxidation-modified low-density lipoprotein by macrophages results in the accumulation of fatty deposits within the walls of arteries. Necrosis of these cells causes a release of intercellular epitopes and the activation of the adaptive immune system, which we predict leads to robust autoantibody production. T cells produce cytokines that act in the plaque environment and further stimulate B cell antibody production. B cells in atherosclerosis meanwhile have a mixed role based on subclass. The current model is that B-1 cells produce protective IgM antibodies in response to oxidation-specific epitopes that work to control plaque formation, while follicular B-2 cells produce class-switched antibodies (IgG, IgA, and IgE) which exacerbate the disease. Over the course of this review, we discuss further the validation of these protective antibodies while evaluating the current dogma regarding class-switched antibodies in atherosclerosis. There are several contradictory findings regarding the involvement of class-switched antibodies in the disease. We hypothesize that this is due to antigen-specificity, and not simply isotype, being important, and that a closer evaluation of these antibodies' targets should be conducted. We propose that specific antibodies may have therapeutical potential in preventing and controlling plaque development within a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Taylor
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Mark A. Hutchinson
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Patricia J. Gearhart
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Robert W. Maul
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD USA
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13
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Wilson CS, Hoopes EM, Falk AC, Moore DJ. A human IgM enriched immunoglobulin preparation, Pentaglobin, reverses autoimmune diabetes without immune suppression in NOD mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11731. [PMID: 35821261 PMCID: PMC9274958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system of healthy individuals is capable of regulating autoimmunity through multiple mechanisms. In Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) we recently discovered natural IgM, although present at normal levels, is unable to perform its normal immunoregulatory function. Treating diabetic mice with IgM from healthy donors led to reversal of disease without immune depletion. To investigate the therapeutic potential of a human preparation of IgM, we administered an IgM-enriched preparation of immunoglobulin called Pentaglobin. Administration of Pentaglobin therapy reversed disease in diabetic NOD mice and boosted CD4 + Foxp3 + Tregs. Importantly, the impact of Pentaglobin on the immune system was limited to inhibiting beta cell destruction but was not immune depleting nor did it inhibit the immunization response to an irrelevant antigen. These findings indicate that inhibition of deleterious autoimmunity in T1D is possible while leaving protective immunity fully intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emilee M Hoopes
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander C Falk
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel J Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 7415 MRB4, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 7415 MRB4, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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14
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Alzaaqi S, Naka N, Hamada K, Hosen N, Kanegae M, Outani H, Adachi M, Imanishi R, Morii E, Iwai M, Nakata J, Fujiki F, Morimoto S, Nakajima H, Nishida S, Tsuboi A, Oka Y, Sugiyama H, Oji Y. WT1 epitope‑specific IgG and IgM antibodies for immune‑monitoring in patients with advanced sarcoma treated with a WT1 peptide cancer vaccine. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:65. [PMID: 35069874 PMCID: PMC8756391 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wilms' tumor gene WT1 is highly expressed in various malignancies and may be a common target antigen for cancer immunotherapy. In our group, peptide-based cancer vaccines targeting WT1 CTL epitopes were developed as an immunotherapy for these malignancies. In the present study, WT1 epitope-specific immune responses were analyzed in 31 patients with advanced sarcoma with human leukocyte antigen-A*24:02- and WT1-expressing tumors who received the WT1-235 peptide vaccine as monotherapy. The serum levels of IgG and IgM antibodies against the target epitope WT1-235 and the non-target epitopes WT1-332 and WT1-271 were measured using ELISA. IgM antibodies against WT1-235, WT1-332 and WT1-271 were detected in three (9.6%), four (12.9%) and 20 patients (64.5%), respectively, prior to vaccine administration, indicating immune recognition of the WT1 antigen prior to administering the vaccine. Of 15 patients who had completed the 3-month treatment protocol, WT1-235 IgG was positive in five (33.3%) patients. An enzyme-linked immunospot assay revealed that WT1-235 epitope-specific IL-10 production/secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells declined in the first month of vaccine administration in all three patients with positivity for WT1-235 IgM at the start of the vaccine. Furthermore, positivity for both WT1-235 and WT1-271 IgM antibodies at the start of treatment was associated with unfavorable tumor control at 3 months after vaccine administration. These results suggested that WT1 epitope-specific IgG and IgM antibodies may be utilized as immune-monitoring markers for WT1 peptide cancer vaccine immunotherapy. The trials were entered in the University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr; no. UMIN000002001 on May 24, 2009 and no. UMIN000015997 on December 20, 2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouq Alzaaqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Norifumi Naka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nachikatsuura Town Onsen Hospital, Nachikatsuura, Wakayama 649‑5331, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hamada
- Hamada Orthopaedic Surgery, Kawanishi City, Hyogo 666‑0021, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kanegae
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Hidetatsu Outani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Mayuko Adachi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Rin Imanishi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Miki Iwai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Jun Nakata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Soyoko Morimoto
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
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15
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Rochereau N, Michaud E, Waeckel L, Killian M, Gayet R, Goguyer-Deschaumes R, Roblin X, Biolley G, Corthésy B, Paul S. Essential role of TOSO/FAIM3 in intestinal IgM reverse transcytosis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110006. [PMID: 34788614 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) can travel to and from the lumen and transport antigen to subepithelial cells. However, IgM can also multimerize into functional secretory component-bound immunoglobulin. While it is already known that both SIgA and SIgM undergo transcytosis to be secreted at the mucosal surface, only SIgA has been shown to perform retrotranscytosis through microfold cells (M cells) of the Peyer's patch. Here, we investigate whether SIgM could also be taken up by M cells via retrotranscytosis. This transport involves FcμR binding at the apical membrane of M cells. We then demonstrate that SIgM can be exploited by SIgM-p24 (HIV-capsid protein) complexes during immunization in the nasal- or gut-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT or GALT), conferring efficient immune responses against p24. Our data demonstrate a mucosal function of SIgM, which could play a role in the regulation of mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rochereau
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Eva Michaud
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Martin Killian
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Rémi Gayet
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Roman Goguyer-Deschaumes
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Xavier Roblin
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Gilles Biolley
- R&D Laboratory of the Division of Immunology and Allergy, CHUV, Centre des Laboratoires d'Epalinges, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Blaise Corthésy
- R&D Laboratory of the Division of Immunology and Allergy, CHUV, Centre des Laboratoires d'Epalinges, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
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16
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IgM Immunoglobulin Influences Recovery after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury by Modulating the IgG Autoantibody Response. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0491-19.2021. [PMID: 34413082 PMCID: PMC8431822 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0491-19.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in the development of detrimental autoantibodies against the lesioned spinal cord. IgM immunoglobulin maintains homeostasis against IgG-autoantibody responses, but its effect on SCI recovery remains unknown. In the present study we investigated the role of IgM immunoglobulin in influencing recovery after SCI. To this end, we induced cervical SCI at the C6/C7 level in mice that lacked secreted IgM immunoglobulin [IgM-knock-out (KO)] and their wild-type (WT) littermate controls. Overall, the absence of secretory IgM resulted in worse outcomes as compared with WT mice with SCI. At two weeks after injury, IgM-KO mice had significantly more IgG antibodies, which fixed the complement system, in the injured spinal cord parenchyma. In addition to these findings, IgM-KO mice had more parenchymal T-lymphocytes as well as CD11b+ microglia/macrophages, which co-localized with myelin. At 10 weeks after injury, IgM-KO mice showed significant impairment in neurobehavioral recovery, such as deteriorated coordination, reduced hindlimb swing speed and print area. These neurobehavioral detriments were coupled with increased lesional tissue and myelin loss. Taken together, this study provides the first evidence for the importance of IgM immunoglobulin in modulating recovery after SCI and suggests that modulating IgM could be a novel therapeutic approach to enhance recovery after SCI.
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17
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Matsuda Y, Watanabe T, Li XK. Approaches for Controlling Antibody-Mediated Allograft Rejection Through Targeting B Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:682334. [PMID: 34276669 PMCID: PMC8282180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Both acute and chronic antibody-mediated allograft rejection (AMR), which are directly mediated by B cells, remain difficult to treat. Long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) in bone marrow (BM) play a crucial role in the production of the antibodies that induce AMR. However, LLPCs survive through a T cell-independent mechanism and resist conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Desensitization therapy is therefore performed, although it is accompanied by severe side effects and the pathological condition may be at an irreversible stage when these antibodies, which induce AMR development, are detected in the serum. In other words, AMR control requires the development of a diagnostic method that predicts its onset before LLPC differentiation and enables therapeutic intervention and the establishment of humoral immune monitoring methods providing more detailed information, including individual differences in the susceptibility to immunosuppressive agents and the pathological conditions. In this study, we reviewed recent studies related to the direct or indirect involvement of immunocompetent cells in the differentiation of naïve-B cells into LLPCs, the limitations of conventional methods, and the possible development of novel control methods in the context of AMR. This information will significantly contribute to the development of clinical applications for AMR and improve the prognosis of patients who undergo organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Matsuda
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Kubagawa H, Skopnik CM, Al-Qaisi K, Calvert RA, Honjo K, Kubagawa Y, Teuber R, Aliabadi PM, Enghard P, Radbruch A, Sutton BJ. Differences between Human and Mouse IgM Fc Receptor (FcµR). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137024. [PMID: 34209905 PMCID: PMC8267714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Both non-immune "natural" and antigen-induced "immune" IgM are important for protection against pathogens and for regulation of immune responses to self-antigens. Since the bona fide IgM Fc receptor (FcµR) was identified in humans by a functional cloning strategy in 2009, the roles of FcµR in these IgM effector functions have begun to be explored. In this short essay, we describe the differences between human and mouse FcµRs in terms of their identification processes, cellular distributions and ligand binding activities with emphasis on our recent findings from the mutational analysis of human FcµR. We have identified at least three sites of human FcµR, i.e., Asn66 in the CDR2, Lys79 to Arg83 in the DE loop and Asn109 in the CDR3, responsible for its constitutive IgM-ligand binding. Results of computational structural modeling analysis are consistent with these mutational data and a model of the ligand binding, Ig-like domain of human FcµR is proposed. Serendipitously, substitution of Glu41 and Met42 in the CDR1 of human FcµR with mouse equivalents Gln and Leu, either single or more prominently in combination, enhances both the receptor expression and IgM binding. These findings would help in the future development of preventive and therapeutic interventions targeting FcµR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kubagawa
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.M.S.); (K.A.-Q.); (R.T.); (P.M.A.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-030-2846-0782
| | - Christopher M. Skopnik
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.M.S.); (K.A.-Q.); (R.T.); (P.M.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Khlowd Al-Qaisi
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.M.S.); (K.A.-Q.); (R.T.); (P.M.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Rosaleen A. Calvert
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College, London SE1 1UL, UK; (R.A.C.); (B.J.S.)
| | - Kazuhito Honjo
- Department of Pathology of University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.; (K.H.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yoshiki Kubagawa
- Department of Pathology of University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.; (K.H.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ruth Teuber
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.M.S.); (K.A.-Q.); (R.T.); (P.M.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Pedram Mahmoudi Aliabadi
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.M.S.); (K.A.-Q.); (R.T.); (P.M.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Philipp Enghard
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.M.S.); (K.A.-Q.); (R.T.); (P.M.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Brian J. Sutton
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College, London SE1 1UL, UK; (R.A.C.); (B.J.S.)
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Zhang YR, Yu Z, Xiong WJ, Liu XX, Liu HM, Cui R, Wang Q, Chen WM, Qiu LG, Yi SH. TOSO interacts with SYK and enhances BCR pathway activation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:2090-2097. [PMID: 32784334 PMCID: PMC7478576 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TOSO, also named Fas inhibitory molecule 3 (FAIM3), has recently been identified as an immunoglobulin M (IgM) Fc receptor (FcμR). Previous studies have shown that TOSO is specifically over-expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, the functions of TOSO in CLL remain unknown. The B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway has been reported to be constitutively activated in CLL. Here, we aimed to investigate the functions of TOSO in the BCR signaling pathway and the pathogenesis of CLL. Methods We over-expressed TOSO in B-cell lymphoma cell lines (Granta-519 and Z138) by lentiviral transduction and knocked down TOSO by siRNA in primary CLL cells. The over-expression and knockdown of TOSO were confirmed at the RNA level by polymerase chain reaction and protein level by Western blotting. Co-immunoprecipitation with TOSO antibody followed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (IP/LCMS) was used to identify TOSO interacting proteins. Western blotting was performed to detect the activation status of BCR signaling pathways as well as B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2). Flow cytometry was used to examine the apoptosis of TOSO-over-expressing B lymphoma cell lines and TOSO-down-regulated CLL cells via the staining of Annexin V and 7-AAD. One-way analyses of variance were used for intergroup comparisons, while independent samples t tests were used for two-sample comparisons. Results From IP/LCMS, we identified spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) as a crucial candidate of TOSO-interacting protein and confirmed it by co-immunoprecipitation. After stimulation with anti-IgM, TOSO over-expression increased the phosphorylation of SYK, and subsequently activated the BCR signaling pathway, which could be reversed by a SYK inhibitor. TOSO knockdown in primary CLL cells resulted in reduced SYK phosphorylation as well as attenuated BCR signaling pathway. The apoptosis rates of the Granta-519 and Z138 cells expressing TOSO were (8.46 ± 2.90)% and (4.20 ± 1.21)%, respectively, significantly lower than the rates of the control groups, which were (25.20 ± 4.60)% and (19.72 ± 1.10)%, respectively (P < 0.05 for both). The apoptosis rate was reduced after knocking down TOSO in the primary CLL cells. In addition, we also found that TOSO down-regulation in primary cells from CLL patients led to decreased expression of BCL-2 as well as lower apoptosis, and vice versa in the cell line. Conclusions TOSO might be involved in the pathogenesis of CLL by interacting with SYK, enhancing the BCR signaling pathway, and inducing apoptosis resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.,Department of Hematology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xu-Xiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte 91010, CA, USA
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Rui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.,Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Wen-Ming Chen
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Lu-Gui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shu-Hua Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
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20
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Transcriptomic Analysis of LNCaP Tumor Xenograft to Elucidate the Components and Mechanisms Contributed by Tumor Environment as Targets for Dietary Prostate Cancer Prevention Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13031000. [PMID: 33808801 PMCID: PMC8003580 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
LNCaP athymic xenograft model has been widely used to allow researchers to examine the effects and mechanisms of experimental treatments such as diet and diet-derived cancer preventive and therapeutic compounds on prostate cancer. However, the biological characteristics of human LNCaP cells before/after implanting in athymic mouse and its relevance to clinical human prostate outcomes remain unclear and may dictate interpretation of biological efficacies/mechanisms of diet/diet-derived experimental treatments. In this study, transcriptome profiles and pathways of human prostate LNCaP cells before (in vitro) and after (in vivo) implanting into xenograft mouse were compared using RNA-sequencing technology (RNA-seq) followed by bioinformatic analysis. A shift from androgen-responsive to androgen nonresponsive status was observed when comparing LNCaP xenograft tumor to culture cells. Androgen receptor and aryl-hydrocarbon pathway were found to be inhibited and interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediated pathways contributed to these changes. Coupled with in vitro experiments modeling for androgen exposure, cell-matrix interaction, inflammation, and hypoxia, we identified specific mechanisms that may contribute to the observed changes in genes and pathways. Our results provide critical baseline transcriptomic information for a tumor xenograft model and the tumor environments that might be associated with regulating the progression of the xenograft tumor, which may influence interpretation of diet/diet-derived experimental treatments.
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21
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Ijabi R, Roozehdar P, Afrisham R, Moradi-Sardareh H, Kaviani S, Ijabi J, Sahebkar A. Association of GRP78, HIF-1α and BAG3 Expression with the Severity of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:429-436. [PMID: 31823704 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191211101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parallel with the progression of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), the levels of 78KDa Glucose-Regulated Protein (GRP78) and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) are increased as they may activate the induction of anti-apoptotic proteins such as BCL2 Associated Athanogene 3 (BAG3). Previous studies have indicated that there is a positive correlation among GRP78, HIF-1α and BAG3. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of metabolic factors involved in invasive CLL on apoptotic factors. METHODS A case-control study was conducted on 77 patients diagnosed with CLL along with 100 healthy individuals. Cell blood count was performed for all participants. According to Binet's classification, CLL patients were divided into different groups. B cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of CLL patients by binding to anti-CD19 beads. The expression of BAG3, GRP78 and HIF-1α genes was analyzed using the RT-PCR method. To confirm the results of RT-PCR, western blot analysis was carried out. RESULTS The results showed that there was a strong association among the expression of BAG3, GRP78 and HIF-1α. The stage of CLL in patients was highly correlated with the expression rate of each gene (p<0.001). Accordingly, the western blot analysis indicated that the concentrations of GRP78 and HIF-1α were significantly higher than the expression of BAG3, considering the stage of CLL. CONCLUSION It was shown that increased expression of GRP78 and HIF-1α could result in the elevation of BAG3, as well as the disease progression. Therefore, the role of these metabolic factors might be more pronounced compared with the anti-apoptotic agents to monitor disease progression in CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Ijabi
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Shast Kola Road, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Parisa Roozehdar
- Department of Medical Veterinary, Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Reza Afrisham
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hemen Moradi-Sardareh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Kaviani
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Janat Ijabi
- Faculty of Hematology, School of Allied Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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22
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Skopnik CM, Al-Qaisi K, Calvert RA, Enghard P, Radbruch A, Sutton BJ, Kubagawa H. Identification of Amino Acid Residues in Human IgM Fc Receptor (FcµR) Critical for IgM Binding. Front Immunol 2021; 11:618327. [PMID: 33584711 PMCID: PMC7873564 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.618327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both non-immune “natural” and antigen-induced “immune” IgM are important for protection against infections and for regulation of immune responses to self-antigens. The roles of its Fc receptor (FcµR) in these IgM effector functions have begun to be explored. In the present study, by taking advantage of the difference in IgM-ligand binding of FcµRs of human (constitutive binding) and mouse (transient binding), we replaced non-conserved amino acid residues of human FcµR with mouse equivalents before establishment of cell lines stably expressing mutant or wild-type (WT) receptors. The resultant eight-different mutant FcµR-bearing cells were compared with WT receptor-bearing cells for cell-surface expression and IgM-binding by flow cytometric assessments using receptor-specific mAbs and IgM paraproteins as ligands. Three sites Asn66, Lys79-Arg83, and Asn109, which are likely in the CDR2, DE loop and CDR3 of the human FcµR Ig-like domain, respectively, were responsible for constitutive IgM binding. Intriguingly, substitution of Glu41 and Met42 in the presumed CDR1 with the corresponding mouse residues Gln and Leu, either single or more prominently in combination, enhanced both the receptor expression and IgM binding. A four-aa stretch of Lys24-Gly27 in the predicted A ß-strand of human FcµR appeared to be essential for maintenance of its proper receptor conformation on plasma membranes because of reduction of both receptor expression and IgM-binding potential when these were mutated. Results from a computational structural modeling analysis were consistent with these mutational data and identified a possible mode of binding of FcµR with IgM involving the loops including Asn66, Arg83 and Asn109 of FcµR interacting principally with the Cµ4 domain including Gln510 and to a lesser extent Cµ3 domain including Glu398, of human IgM. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental report describing the identification of amino acid residues of human FcµR critical for binding to IgM Fc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khlowd Al-Qaisi
- Humoral Immune Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rosaleen A Calvert
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Enghard
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Humoral Immune Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian J Sutton
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hiromi Kubagawa
- Humoral Immune Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Singh VK, Kumar S, Dhaked RK, Ansari AS, Lohiya NK, Tapryal S. Generation of oligomers of subunit vaccine candidate glycoprotein D of Herpes Simplex Virus-2 expressed in fusion with IgM Fc domain(s) in Escherichia coli: A strategy to enhance the immunogenicity of the antigen. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:463. [PMID: 33047090 PMCID: PMC7541101 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein D (gD) of Herpes Simplex Virus-2 is used as an antigen in various anti-herpes subunit vaccines owing to its involvement in binding the host cell receptors for host infectivity. However, most of these monomeric protein based candidates have shown low immunogenicity in animal models. To enhance the immunogenicity of gD, a fresh approach of fusing its ectodomain with the Fc domain(s) of IgM has been adopted to oligomerize the viral antigen and to exploite the immune-modulating potential of IgM Fc. Six vaccine constructs, generated by fusing three gD-ectodomain-length-variants with the Ig µ-chain domain 4 (µCH4) and µCH3-CH4 fragment, were cloned in Escherichia coli using pET28b( +) vector. The vaccine proteins were expressed in the form of inclusion bodies (IBs) and were in vitro refolded into protein oligomers of high stoichiometries of ~ 15–24, with 70–80% refolding yields. The conformations of gD and Fc components of the refolded oligomers were analyzed by ELISA and CD spectroscopy and were found to be native-like. The sizes and profiles of the size-distribution of oligomers were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The candidate C2 (gD-μCH3-CH4), showing the most compact oligomer size and uniform distribution of its particles was chosen as the suitable candidate for mice immunization studies to assess the immunogenicity of the antigen gD. The C2 oligomer stimulated a strong anti-gD humoral response with an antibody titer of 102,400 and a strong, biased Th1 immune response in C57BL/6 mice, indicating its potential as a strong immunogen which may serve as an effective vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandar Sindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan India 305817
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandar Sindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan India 305817
| | - Rajeev Kumar Dhaked
- Department of Zoology, Center for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan India 302004
| | - Abdul S. Ansari
- Department of Zoology, Center for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan India 302004
| | - Nirmal K. Lohiya
- Indian Society for the Study of Reproduction and Fertility, Department of Zoology, Center for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan India 302004
| | - Suman Tapryal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandar Sindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan India 305817
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24
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Kumar S, Singh VK, Vasam M, Patil PS, Dhaked RK, Ansari AS, Lohiya NK, Parashar D, Tapryal S. An in vitro refolding method to produce oligomers of anti-CHIKV, E2-IgM Fc fusion subunit vaccine candidates expressed in E. coli. J Immunol Methods 2020; 487:112869. [PMID: 32971119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant envelope protein-1 (E1) and E2 of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been shown to elicit neutralizing antibodies and a balanced Th1/Th2 response in mice however with limited protection. Recently reported CHIK virus-like particles showed augmented immunity and protection in adult mice in comparison to E1 and E2, however exacerbated the disease in aged subjects. In order to improve the overall efficacy of protein based vaccines, novel strategies need to be adopted. The discovery of IgM Fc receptor (FcμR) and its role in humoral immune response led us to hypothesise that fusion of an antigen with Fc of IgM may enhance its immunogenicity by polymerizing it and FcμR mediated activation of B and other immune cells. We report in the current study, expression of E2 subunit of CHIKV in fusion with various IgM Fc domains/peptides in E. coli, their in-vitro refolding, characterization and immune response in C57BL/6 mice. Candidates fused with CH3-CH4 Fc fragment produced stable oligomers, whereas the one fused with peptides remained monomeric. The latter elicited a strong humoral and a balanced Th1/Th2 response in mice, whereas the polymeric candidate despite eliciting a strong humoral response, stimulated a biased Th1 response and exhibited higher virus neutralization in Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Manohar Vasam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Poonam Shewale Patil
- Dengue & Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Rajeev K Dhaked
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India
| | - Abdul S Ansari
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India
| | - Nirmal K Lohiya
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Indian Society for the Study of Reproduction & Fertility, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India
| | - Deepti Parashar
- Dengue & Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Suman Tapryal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India.
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Jani PK, Kubagawa H, Melchers F. A rheostat sets B-cell receptor repertoire selection to distinguish self from non-self. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 67:42-49. [PMID: 32916645 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In bone marrow VDJ-recombination continuously generates original repertoires of immature B cells expressing IgM-B cell receptor (BcR), in which each cell recognizes the wide variety of self and non-self antigens with an individually different spectrum of avidities. High avidity self-reactive B cells try to edit their BcRs by secondary or multiple VL-rearrangements to JL-rearrangements. If they do not manage to change their self reactivity, they are deleted by apoptosis. Low avidity self-reactive B cells are anergized, while B cells with no avidity to self are ignored. A rheostat crosslinking antigen-binding BcRs, self antigen complexed with pentameric IgM and Fcμ-receptor monitors high, low or no binding. PI3K and PTEN are the effectors of this self antigen-sensing device. In mature B cells this rheostat continues to function in the activation of resting B cells by foreign antigens which crosslink BcR, antigen and pentameric IgM with Fcμ-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Jani
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hiromi Kubagawa
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Melchers
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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26
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Reyneveld GIJ, Savelkoul HFJ, Parmentier HK. Current Understanding of Natural Antibodies and Exploring the Possibilities of Modulation Using Veterinary Models. A Review. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2139. [PMID: 33013904 PMCID: PMC7511776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antibodies (NAb) are defined as germline encoded immunoglobulins found in individuals without (known) prior antigenic experience. NAb bind exogenous (e.g., bacterial) and self-components and have been found in every vertebrate species tested. NAb likely act as a first-line immune defense against infections. A large part of NAb, so called natural autoantibodies (NAAb) bind to and clear (self) neo-epitopes, apoptotic, and necrotic cells. Such self-binding antibodies cannot, however, be considered as pathogenic autoantibodies in the classical sense. IgM and IgG NAb and NAAb and their implications in health and disease are relatively well-described in humans and mice. NAb are present in veterinary (and wildlife) species, but their relation with diseases and disorders in veterinary species are much less known. Also, there is little known of IgA NAb. IgA is the most abundant immunoglobulin with essential pro-inflammatory and homeostatic properties urging for more research on the importance of IgA NAb. Since NAb in humans were indicated to fulfill important functions in health and disease, their role in health of veterinary species should be investigated more often. Furthermore, it is unknown whether levels of NAb-isotypes and/or idiotypes can and should be modulated. Veterinary species as models of choice fill in a niche between mice and (non-human) primates, and the study of NAb in veterinary species may provide valuable new insights that will likely improve health management. Below, examples of the involvement of NAb in several diseases in mostly humans are shown. Possibilities of intravenous immunoglobulin administration, targeted immunotherapy, immunization, diet, and genetic modulation are discussed, all of which could be well-studied using animal models. Arguments are given why veterinary immunology should obtain inspiration from human studies and why human immunology would benefit from veterinary models. Within the One Health concept, findings from veterinary (and wildlife) studies can be related to human studies and vice versa so that both fields will mutually benefit. This will lead to a better understanding of NAb: their origin, activation mechanisms, and their implications in health and disease, and will lead to novel health management strategies for both human and veterinary species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. IJsbrand Reyneveld
- Faculty of Science, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henk K. Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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27
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Gong S, Ruprecht RM. Immunoglobulin M: An Ancient Antiviral Weapon - Rediscovered. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1943. [PMID: 32849652 PMCID: PMC7432194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries have shed new light onto immunoglobulin M (IgM), an ancient antibody class preserved throughout evolution in all vertebrates. First, IgM – long thought to be a perfect pentamer – was shown to be asymmetric, resembling a quasi-hexamer missing one monomer and containing a gap. Second, this gap allows IgM to serve as carrier of a specific host protein, apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM), which is released to promote removal of dead-cell debris, cancer cells, or pathogens. Third, recombinant IgM delivered mucosally by passive immunization gave proof-of-concept that this antibody class can prevent mucosal simian-human immunodeficiency virus transmission in non-human primates. Finally, IgM’s role in adaptive immunity goes beyond being only a first defender to respond to pathogen invasion, as long-lived IgM plasma cells have been observed predominantly residing in the spleen. In fact, IgM produced by such cells contained somatic hypermutations and was linked to protection against lethal influenza virus challenge in murine models. Importantly, such long-lived IgM plasma cells had been induced by immunization 1 year before challenge. Together, new data on IgM function raise the possibility that vaccine strategies aimed at preventing virus acquisition could include this ancient weapon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Gong
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ruth M Ruprecht
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Meryk A, Pangrazzi L, Hagen M, Hatzmann F, Jenewein B, Jakic B, Hermann-Kleiter N, Baier G, Jylhävä J, Hurme M, Trieb K, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. Fcμ receptor as a Costimulatory Molecule for T Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2681-2691.e5. [PMID: 30840890 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc receptor for IgM (FcμR)-deficient mice display dysregulated function of neutrophils, dendritic cells, and B cells. The relevance of FcμR to human T cells is still unknown. We show that FcμR is mostly stored inside the cell and that surface expression is tightly regulated. Decreased surface expression on T cells from elderly individuals is associated with alterations in the methylation pattern of the FCMR gene. Binding and internalization of IgM stimulate transport of FcμR to the cell surface to ensure sustained IgM uptake. Concurrently, IgM accumulates within the cell, and the surface expression of other receptors increases, among them the T cell receptor (TCR) and costimulatory molecules. This leads to enhanced TCR signaling, proliferation, and cytokine release, in response to low, but not high, doses of antigen. Our findings indicate that FcμR is an important regulator of T cell function and reveal an additional mode of interaction between B and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Meryk
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Luca Pangrazzi
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Magdalena Hagen
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Hatzmann
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brigitte Jenewein
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bojana Jakic
- Division of Translational Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natascha Hermann-Kleiter
- Division of Translational Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gottfried Baier
- Division of Translational Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Juulia Jylhävä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikko Hurme
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Klemens Trieb
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Wels-Grieskirchen, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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29
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Hamza SA, Wahid A, Afzal N, Asif S, Imran MF, Khurshid Z, Bokhari SAH. Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Mouth Wash on Salivary pH and Interleukin-1β Levels among Smokers. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:260-267. [PMID: 32396972 PMCID: PMC7274825 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
Smoking induces changes in salivary pH and inflammatory biomarker levels associated with oral diseases. This study examined the effect of alkaline oral rinse to modify this effect of smoking on salivary study parameters.
Materials and Methods
A double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) on systemically healthy smokers was conducted. A total of 78 smokers, aged 18 to 40 years, were enrolled as per exclusion/inclusion criteria. An alkaline mouthwash was provided to the intervention group and a placebo to control group. Salivary pH and inflammatory biomarker interleukin (IL)-1β levels were evaluated at baseline and at follow-up (14 ± 2 days).
Statistical Analysis
Chi-squared test, independaent
t
-test, and paired
t
-test were used to observe the changes in parameters among and between groups before and after intervention using SPSS v16 with a significance level of
p
≤0.050.
Results
Sixty eight salivary samples were analyzed. All study parameters of the study sample were statistically insignificant between both intervention and control groups at baseline. pH level was 6.56 ± 0.53 at baseline and 6.62 ± 0.45 at follow-up in the intervention group; respective values for control group were 6.70 ± 0.36 and 6.83 ± 0.44 and the changes were not significant (
p
≥0.071). IL-1β level was 9.39 ± 10.23 pg/µL at baseline and 5.40 ± 6.62 pg/µL at a follow-up in the intervention group and the change was significant (
p
= 0.001); respective values for the control group were 10.63 ± 11.50, and 9.33 ± 11.73 and the difference was nonsignificant (
p
= 0.076).
Conclusion
This randomized trial indicated that sodium bicarbonate mouth rinse is effective in decreasing IL-1β levels and increasing salivary pH favorable for prevention of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ameer Hamza
- Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Wahid
- Department of Pathology, College of Dentistry, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Afzal
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Asif
- Department of Periodontology, University Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mian Farrukh Imran
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Akhtar Hussain Bokhari
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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30
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Lam JH, Smith FL, Baumgarth N. B Cell Activation and Response Regulation During Viral Infections. Viral Immunol 2020; 33:294-306. [PMID: 32326852 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute viral infections are characterized by rapid increases in viral load, leading to cellular damage and the resulting induction of complex innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses that cause local and systemic inflammation. Successful antiviral immunity requires the activation of many immune cells, including T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages. B cells play a unique part through their production of antibodies that can both neutralize and clear viral particles before virus entry into a cell. Protective antibodies are produced even before the first exposure of a pathogen, through the regulated secretion of so-called natural antibodies that are generated even in the complete absence of prior microbial exposure. An early wave of rapidly secreted antibodies from extrafollicular (EF) responses draws on the preexisting naive or memory repertoire of B cells to induce a strong protective response that in kinetics tightly follows the clearance of acute infections, such as with influenza virus. Finally, the generation of germinal centers (GCs) provides long-term protection through production of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells, which shape and broaden the B cell repertoire for more effective responses following repeat exposures. In this study, we review B cell responses to acute viral infections, primarily influenza virus, from the earliest nonspecific B-1 cell to early, antigen-specific EF responses and finally to GC responses. Throughout, we address known factors that lead to distinct B cell response outcomes and discuss how their functions effect viral clearance, highlighting the critical contributions of each response type to the induction of highly protective antiviral humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Lam
- Graduate Group in Immunology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Fauna L Smith
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Integrated Pathobiology Graduate Group, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Graduate Group in Immunology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Integrated Pathobiology Graduate Group, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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31
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Lung P, Yang J, Li Q. Nanoparticle formulated vaccines: opportunities and challenges. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5746-5763. [PMID: 32124894 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08958f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines harness the inherent properties of the immune system to prevent diseases or treat existing ones. Continuous efforts have been devoted to both gaining a mechanistic understanding of how the immune system operates and designing vaccines with high efficacies and effectiveness. Advancements in nanotechnology in recent years have generated unique opportunities to meet the daunting challenges associated with immunology and vaccine development. Firstly, nanoparticle formulated systems provide ideal model systems for studying the operation of the immune system, making it possible to systematically identify key factors and understand their roles in specific immune responses. Also, the versatile compositions/architectures of nanoparticle systems enable new strategies/novel platforms for developing vaccines with high efficacies and effectiveness. In this review, we discuss the advantages of nanoparticles and the challenges faced during vaccine development, through the framework of the immunological mechanisms of vaccination, with the aim of bridging the gap between immunology and materials science, which are both involved in vaccine design. The knowledge obtained provides general guidelines for future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingsai Lung
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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32
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Michaud E, Mastrandrea C, Rochereau N, Paul S. Human Secretory IgM: An Elusive Player in Mucosal Immunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:141-156. [PMID: 31928913 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Secretory IgMs (SIgMs) were amongst the first identified immunoglobulins. However, their importance was not fully understood and recent advances have shown they play a key role in establishing and promoting commensal gut tolerance in mice and humans. The true interactions between SIgMs and the microbiota remain controversial and we aim to consolidate current knowledge in this review. Through comprehensive examination of SIgMs and their corresponding B cell secretors in several different pathological immunological contexts, we review the presumed role of these molecules in gut tolerance, inflammatory bowel diseases, and lung immunity. As SIgMs harbor a mostly tolerogenic function, we posit that their inclusion in further immunological research is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Michaud
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Nicolas Rochereau
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France.
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33
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Wang Y, Liu J, Burrows PD, Wang JY. B Cell Development and Maturation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1254:1-22. [PMID: 32323265 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3532-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of B cells in 1965 (Cooper et al. 1965), three has been tremendous progress in our understanding of B cell development, maturation and function. A number of B cell subpopulations, including B-1, B-2 and regulatory B cells, have been identified. B-1 cells mainly originate from the fetal liver and contain B-1a and B-1b subsets. B-2 cells are derived from the bone marrow (BM) and can be further classified into follicular B (FOB) and marginal zone B (MZB) cells. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) function to suppress immune responses, primarily by production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. B cell tolerance is established at several checkpoints, during B cell development in the BM (central tolerance) as well as during B cell maturation and activation in the periphery (peripheral tolerance). This chapter will focus on the regulation of important processes during the development and maturation of B-1 and B-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter D Burrows
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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34
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Regulation of Humoral Immune Responses and B Cell Tolerance by the IgM Fc Receptor (FcμR). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1254:75-86. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3532-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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35
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Goulet DR, Atkins WM. Considerations for the Design of Antibody-Based Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:74-103. [PMID: 31173761 PMCID: PMC6891151 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based proteins have become an important class of biologic therapeutics, due in large part to the stability, specificity, and adaptability of the antibody framework. Indeed, antibodies not only have the inherent ability to bind both antigens and endogenous immune receptors but also have proven extremely amenable to protein engineering. Thus, several derivatives of the monoclonal antibody format, including bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and antibody fragments, have demonstrated efficacy for treating human disease, particularly in the fields of immunology and oncology. Reviewed here are considerations for the design of antibody-based therapeutics, including immunological context, therapeutic mechanisms, and engineering strategies. First, characteristics of antibodies are introduced, with emphasis on structural domains, functionally important receptors, isotypic and allotypic differences, and modifications such as glycosylation. Then, aspects of therapeutic antibody design are discussed, including identification of antigen-specific variable regions, choice of expression system, use of multispecific formats, and design of antibody derivatives based on fragmentation, oligomerization, or conjugation to other functional moieties. Finally, strategies to enhance antibody function through protein engineering are reviewed while highlighting the impact of fundamental biophysical properties on protein developability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Goulet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195.
| | - William M Atkins
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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36
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Lucuab-Fegurgur DL, Gupta S. Comprehensive clinical and immunological features of 62 adult patients with selective primary IgM deficiency. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 8:55-67. [PMID: 31970029 PMCID: PMC6971419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Selective IgM Deficiency (SIgMD) is a recently incorporated disorder in the classification of primary immunodeficiency diseases. The purpose of this study was to present detailed clinical and immunological features in a cohort of 62 adult patients with SIgMD. A retrospective chart review of 62 patients between 2009 and 2017 with a diagnosis of SIgMD was performed for clinical and immunological features, and response to immunoglobulin therapy in symptomatic patients who also exhibited specific antibody deficiency. The majority of patients presented with recurrent and chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections (73%), most often with recurrent sinusitis (29%), bronchitis (33%), pneumonia (21%), and recurrent urinary tract infections (16%). Forty three percent of patients had associated autoimmune diseases including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Approximately 35% of patients had atopic diseases, including allergic rhinitis and asthma. CD3+ T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and CD19+ B cells were normal in the majority of patients. IgG subclass deficiency was observed in approximately 22% of cases. Forty seven percent of patients exhibited specific anti-pneumococcal antibody deficiency. The six most common pneumococcal serotypes that were impaired in majority (>70%) of subjects included 3, 4, 9V, 9N, 12F, 23F. Eighteen (66%) of 27 patients with specific antibody deficiency received immunoglobulin therapy and almost all subjects responded to immunoglobulin therapy by decreased frequency of infections. No correlation was observed in immunological features, clinical manifestations, or response to therapy with serum IgM levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhir Gupta
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California Irvine, California, USA
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37
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Blandino R, Baumgarth N. Secreted IgM: New tricks for an old molecule. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1021-1034. [PMID: 31302940 PMCID: PMC6803036 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ri0519-161r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted IgM (sIgM) is a multifunctional evolutionary conserved antibody that is critical for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis as well as the development of fully protective humoral responses to pathogens. Constitutive secretion of self- and polyreactive natural IgM, produced mainly by B-1 cells, provides a circulating antibody that engages with autoantigens as well as invading pathogens, removing apoptotic and other cell debris and initiating strong immune responses. Pathogen-induced IgM production by B-1 and conventional B-2 cells strengthens this early, passive layer of IgM-mediated immune defense and regulates subsequent IgG production. The varied effects of secreted IgM on immune homeostasis and immune defense are facilitated through its binding to numerous different cell types via different receptors. Recent studies identified a novel function for pentameric IgM, namely as a transporter for the effector protein ″apoptosis-inhibitor of macrophages″ (AIM/CD5L). This review aims to provide a summary of the known functions and effects of sIgM on immune homeostasis and immune defense, and its interaction with its various receptors, and to highlight the many critical immune regulatory functions of this ancient and fascinating immunoglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Blandino
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis
- Center for Comparative Medicine and University of California, Davis
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis
- Center for Comparative Medicine and University of California, Davis
- Dept. Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis
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38
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Li S, Liu J, Min Q, Ikawa T, Yasuda S, Yang Y, Wang YQ, Tsubata T, Zhao Y, Wang JY. Kelch-like protein 14 promotes B-1a but suppresses B-1b cell development. Int Immunol 2019; 30:311-318. [PMID: 29939266 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B-1 cells are innate-like B-cell population and produce natural antibodies that contribute to the first line of host defense. There are two subsets of B-1 cells: B-1a and B-1b. B-1a cells are the main producer of poly-reactive and autoreactive natural IgM antibodies, whereas B-1b cells can respond specifically to T-cell-independent antigens. Despite the functional significance of B-1a and B-1b cells, little information is available about what regulates the development of these two subsets. We found that Kelch-like protein 14 (KLHL14) was expressed at high levels in B cells but only at low levels in a few non-lymphoid tissues. Although mice lacking KLHL14 died right after birth, the heterozygotes developed normally with no gross abnormalities by appearance. B-cell development in the bone marrow and maturation and activation in the spleen were not affected in the heterozygous mice. However, the number of peritoneal B-1a cells was significantly reduced while B-1b cells were increased in Klhl14 heterozygous mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Consistently, Rag1-/- mice reconstituted with Klhl14-/- fetal liver cells had a more severe reduction of B-1a and an increase of B-1b cells in the peritoneal cavity. KLHL14 did not affect the turnover or apoptosis of B-1a and B-1b cells in vivo. Moreover, Klhl14-/- fetal liver contained a similar proportion and absolute numbers of the B-1 progenitor cells as did WT fetal liver. These results suggest that KLHL14 promotes B-1a development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyin Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tomokatsu Ikawa
- Laboratory for Immune Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shoya Yasuda
- Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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39
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Fcmr regulates mononuclear phagocyte control of anti-tumor immunity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2678. [PMID: 31213601 PMCID: PMC6581943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells contribute to tumor progression, but how the constellation of receptors they express regulates their functions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is unclear. We demonstrate that Fcmr (Toso), the putative receptor for soluble IgM, modulates myeloid cell responses to cancer. In a syngeneic melanoma model, Fcmr ablation in myeloid cells suppressed tumor growth and extended mouse survival. Fcmr deficiency increased myeloid cell population density in this malignancy and enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Single-cell RNA sequencing of Fcmr-deficient tumor-associated mononuclear phagocytes revealed a unique subset with enhanced antigen processing/presenting properties. Conversely, Fcmr activity negatively regulated the activation and migratory capacity of myeloid cells in vivo, and T cell activation by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro. Therapeutic targeting of Fcmr during oncogenesis decreased tumor growth when used as a single agent or in combination with anti-PD-1. Thus, Fcmr regulates myeloid cell activation within the TME and may be a potential therapeutic target. Myeloid cells modulate the immune response within the tumour microenvironment, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, the authors show that Fcmr – the putative receptor for soluble IgM – is a potent negative regulator of anti-tumour immunity.
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40
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MZB1 promotes the secretion of J-chain-containing dimeric IgA and is critical for the suppression of gut inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:13480-13489. [PMID: 31127044 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904204116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA is the most abundantly produced antibody in the body and plays a crucial role in gut homeostasis and mucosal immunity. IgA forms a dimer that covalently associates with the joining (J) chain, which is essential for IgA transport into the mucosa. Here, we demonstrate that the marginal zone B and B-1 cell-specific protein (MZB1) interacts with IgA through the α-heavy-chain tailpiece dependent on the penultimate cysteine residue and prevents the intracellular degradation of α-light-chain complexes. Moreover, MZB1 promotes J-chain binding to IgA and the secretion of dimeric IgA. MZB1-deficient mice are impaired in secreting large amounts of IgA into the gut in response to acute inflammation and develop severe colitis. Oral administration of a monoclonal IgA significantly ameliorated the colitis, accompanied by normalization of the gut microbiota composition. The present study identifies a molecular chaperone that promotes J-chain binding to IgA and reveals an important mechanism that controls the quantity, quality, and function of IgA.
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41
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Abstract
Specific IgM, administered together with the antigen it recognizes, enhances primary antibody responses, formation of germinal centers, and priming for secondary antibody responses. The response to all epitopes on the antigen to which IgM binds is usually enhanced. IgM preferentially enhances responses to large antigens such as erythrocytes, malaria parasites, and keyhole limpet hemocyanine. In order for an effect to be seen, antigens must be administered in suboptimal concentrations and in close temporal relationship to the IgM. Enhancement is dependent on the ability of IgM to activate complement, but the lytic pathway is not required. Enhancement does not take place in mice lacking complement receptors 1 and 2 (CR1/2) suggesting that the role of IgM is to generate C3 split products, i.e., the ligands for CR1/2. In mice, these receptors are expressed on follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and B cells. Optimal IgM-mediated enhancement requires that both cell types express CR1/2, but intermediate enhancement is seen when only FDCs express the receptors and low enhancement when only B cells express them. These observations imply that IgM-mediated enhancement works through several, non-mutually exclusive, pathways. Marginal zone B cells can transport IgM-antigen-complement complexes, bound to CR1/2, from the marginal zone and deposit them onto FDCs. In addition, co-crosslinking of the BCR and the CR2/CD19/CD81 co-receptor complex may enhance signaling to specific B cells, a mechanism likely to be involved in induction of early extrafollicular antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sörman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 582, SE 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Heyman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 582, SE 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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42
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Kubagawa H, Honjo K, Ohkura N, Sakaguchi S, Radbruch A, Melchers F, Jani PK. Functional Roles of the IgM Fc Receptor in the Immune System. Front Immunol 2019; 10:945. [PMID: 31130948 PMCID: PMC6509151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now evident from studies of mice unable to secrete IgM that both non-immune “natural” and antigen-induced “immune” IgM are important for protection against pathogens and for regulation of immune responses to self-antigens. Since identification of its Fc receptor (FcμR) by a functional cloning strategy in 2009, the roles of FcμR in these IgM effector functions have begun to be explored. Unlike Fc receptors for switched Ig isotypes (e.g., FcγRs, FcεRs, FcαR, Fcα/μR, pIgR, FcRn), FcμR is selectively expressed by lymphocytes: B, T, and NK cells in humans and only B cells in mice. FcμR may have dual signaling ability: one through a potential as yet unidentified adaptor protein non-covalently associating with the FcμR ligand-binding chain via a His in transmembrane segment and the other through its own Tyr and Ser residues in the cytoplasmic tail. FcμR binds pentameric and hexameric IgM with a high avidity of ~10 nM in solution, but more efficiently binds IgM when it is attached to a membrane component via its Fab region on the same cell surface (cis engagement). Four different laboratories have generated Fcmr-ablated mice and eight different groups of investigators have examined the resultant phenotypes. There have been some clear discrepancies reported that appear to be due to factors including differences in the exons of Fcmr that were targeted to generate the knockouts. One common feature among these different mutant mice, however, is their propensity to produce autoantibodies of both IgM and IgG isotypes. In this review, we briefly describe recent findings concerning the functions of FcμR in both mice and humans and propose a model for how FcμR plays a regulatory role in B cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuhito Honjo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Naganari Ohkura
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Peter K Jani
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
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43
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Ben Mkaddem S, Benhamou M, Monteiro RC. Understanding Fc Receptor Involvement in Inflammatory Diseases: From Mechanisms to New Therapeutic Tools. Front Immunol 2019; 10:811. [PMID: 31057544 PMCID: PMC6481281 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc receptors (FcRs) belong to the ITAM-associated receptor family. FcRs control the humoral and innate immunity which are essential for appropriate responses to infections and prevention of chronic inflammation or auto-immune diseases. Following their crosslinking by immune complexes, FcRs play various roles such as modulation of the immune response by released cytokines or of phagocytosis. Here, we review FcR involvement in pathologies leading notably to altered intracellular signaling with functionally relevant consequences to the host, and targeting of Fc receptors as therapeutic approaches. Special emphasis will be given to some FcRs, such as the FcαRI, the FcγRIIA and the FcγRIIIA, which behave like the ancient god Janus depending on the ITAM motif to inhibit or activate immune responses depending on their targeting by monomeric/dimeric immunoglobulins or by immune complexes. This ITAM duality has been recently defined as inhibitory or activating ITAM (ITAMi or ITAMa) which are controlled by Src family kinases. Involvement of various ITAM-bearing FcRs observed during infectious or autoimmune diseases is associated with allelic variants, changes in ligand binding ability responsible for host defense perturbation. During auto-immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus or immune thrombocytopenia, the autoantibodies and immune complexes lead to inflammation through FcR aggregation. We will discuss the role of FcRs in autoimmune diseases, and focus on novel approaches to target FcRs for resolution of antibody-mediated autoimmunity. We will finally also discuss the down-regulation of FcR functionality as a therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Ben Mkaddem
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Marc Benhamou
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Renato C Monteiro
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France.,Service d'Immunologie, DHU Fire, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique de Paris, Paris, France
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44
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Liu J, Wang Y, Xiong E, Hong R, Lu Q, Ohno H, Wang JY. Role of the IgM Fc Receptor in Immunity and Tolerance. Front Immunol 2019; 10:529. [PMID: 30967868 PMCID: PMC6438924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) M is the first antibody isotype to appear during evolution, ontogeny and immune responses. IgM not only serves as the first line of host defense against infections but also plays an important role in immune regulation and immunological tolerance. For many years, IgM is thought to function by binding to antigen and activating complement system. With the discovery of the IgM Fc receptor (FcμR), it is now clear that IgM can also elicit its function through FcμR. In this review, we will describe the molecular characteristics of FcμR, its role in B cell development, maturation and activation, humoral immune responses, host defense, and immunological tolerance. We will also discuss the functional relationship between IgM-complement and IgM-FcμR pathways in regulating immunity and tolerance. Finally, we will discuss the potential involvement of FcμR in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ermeng Xiong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongjian Hong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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45
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Wilson CS, Chhabra P, Marshall AF, Morr CV, Stocks BT, Hoopes EM, Bonami RH, Poffenberger G, Brayman KL, Moore DJ. Healthy Donor Polyclonal IgMs Diminish B-Lymphocyte Autoreactivity, Enhance Regulatory T-Cell Generation, and Reverse Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice. Diabetes 2018; 67:2349-2360. [PMID: 30131391 PMCID: PMC6198348 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D) arise from unrestrained activation of effector lymphocytes that destroy target tissues. Many efforts have been made to eliminate these effector lymphocytes, but none has produced a long-term cure. An alternative to depletion therapy is to enhance endogenous immune regulation. Among these endogenous alternatives, naturally occurring Igs have been applied for inflammatory disorders but have lacked potency in antigen-specific autoimmunity. We hypothesized that naturally occurring polyclonal IgMs, which represent the majority of circulating, noninduced antibodies but are present only in low levels in therapeutic Ig preparations, possess the most potent capacity to restore immune homeostasis. Treatment of diabetes-prone NOD mice with purified IgM isolated from Swiss Webster (SW) mice (nIgMSW) reversed new-onset diabetes, eliminated autoreactive B lymphocytes, and enhanced regulatory T-cell (Treg) numbers both centrally and peripherally. Conversely, IgM from prediabetic NOD mice could not restore this endogenous regulation, which represents an unrecognized component of T1D pathogenesis. Of note, IgM derived from healthy human donors was similarly able to expand human CD4 Tregs in humanized mice and produced permanent diabetes protection in treated NOD mice. Overall, these studies demonstrate that a potent, endogenous regulatory mechanism, nIgM, is a promising option for reversing autoimmune T1D in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Preeti Chhabra
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Andrew F Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Caleigh V Morr
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Blair T Stocks
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Emilee M Hoopes
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Rachel H Bonami
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Daniel J Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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46
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Yasuda S, Sun J, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Lu Q, Yamamura M, Wang JY. Opposing roles of IgM and IgD in BCR-induced B-cell survival. Genes Cells 2018; 23:868-879. [PMID: 30092613 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The B-cell receptor (BCR) transmits a tonic survival signal in the absence of antigen stimulation and an antigen-triggered survival signal. Mature B cells express two types of BCR, IgM and IgD, but it remains unclear how B-cell survival is differentially regulated by these two receptors. We found that, whereas cross-linking IgM on spleen B cells greatly enhanced their survival, cross-linking IgD did not enhance, but rather decreased, their survival. Consistently, cross-linking both IgM and IgD only moderately enhanced B-cell survival, suggesting that IgM and IgD play opposing roles in B-cell survival induced by BCR stimulation. Based on these and additional experimental results, we present a mathematical model integrating IgM- and IgD-mediated survival signals. Our model shows that IgD can transmit a tonic survival signal in the absence of antigen stimulation but cross-linking IgD not only does not generate a survival signal but also disrupts its tonic signal, resulting in inhibition of B-cell survival. These results suggest that IgD attenuates BCR-induced survival in mature B cells, presumably to restrain B-cell response to weak and/or self-antigens and prevent nonspecific B-cell activation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoya Yasuda
- School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiping Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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47
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Yu J, Duong VHH, Westphal K, Westphal A, Suwandi A, Grassl GA, Brand K, Chan AC, Föger N, Lee KH. Surface receptor Toso controls B cell-mediated regulation of T cell immunity. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1820-1836. [PMID: 29461978 DOI: 10.1172/jci97280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is tightly controlled by regulatory processes that allow for the elimination of invading pathogens, while limiting immunopathological damage to the host. In the present study, we found that conditional deletion of the cell surface receptor Toso on B cells unexpectedly resulted in impaired proinflammatory T cell responses, which led to impaired immune protection in an acute viral infection model and was associated with reduced immunopathological tissue damage in a chronic inflammatory context. Toso exhibited its B cell-inherent immunoregulatory function by negatively controlling the pool of IL-10-competent B1 and B2 B cells, which were characterized by a high degree of self-reactivity and were shown to mediate immunosuppressive activity on inflammatory T cell responses in vivo. Our results indicate that Toso is involved in the differentiation/maintenance of regulatory B cells by fine-tuning B cell receptor activation thresholds. Furthermore, we showed that during influenza A-induced pulmonary inflammation, the application of Toso-specific antibodies selectively induced IL-10-competent B cells at the site of inflammation and resulted in decreased proinflammatory cytokine production by lung T cells. These findings suggest that Toso may serve as a novel therapeutic target to dampen pathogenic T cell responses via the modulation of IL-10-competent regulatory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Yu
- Inflammation Research Group.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, and
| | | | - Katrin Westphal
- Inflammation Research Group.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, and
| | - Andreas Westphal
- Inflammation Research Group.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, and
| | - Abdulhadi Suwandi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guntram A Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Andrew C Chan
- Research, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Niko Föger
- Inflammation Research Group.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, and
| | - Kyeong-Hee Lee
- Inflammation Research Group.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, and
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48
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Liu J, Zhu H, Qian J, Xiong E, Zhang L, Wang YQ, Chu Y, Kubagawa H, Tsubata T, Wang JY. Fcµ Receptor Promotes the Survival and Activation of Marginal Zone B Cells and Protects Mice against Bacterial Sepsis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:160. [PMID: 29459869 PMCID: PMC5807594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The marginal zone B cells (MZB) are located at the interface between the circulation and lymphoid tissue and as a gatekeeper play important roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. We have previously found that MZB are significantly reduced in mice deficient in the IgM Fc receptor (FcμR) but how FcμR regulates the development and function of MZB remains unknown. In this study, we found that both marginal zone precursor (MZP) and MZB were decreased in FcμR−/− mice. The reduction of MZP and MZB was not due to impaired proliferation of these cells but rather due to their increased death. Further analysis revealed that FcμR−/− MZB had reduced tonic BCR signal, as evidenced by their decreased levels of phosphorylated SYK and AKT relative to WT MZB. MZB in FcμR−/− mice responded poorly to LPS in vivo when compared with MZB in WT mice. Consistent with the reduced proportion of MZB and their impaired response to LPS, antibody production against the type 1 T-independent Ag, NP-LPS, was significantly reduced in FcμR−/− mice. Moreover, FcμR−/− mice were highly susceptible to Citrobacter rodentium-induced sepsis. These results reveal a critical role for FcμR in the survival and activation of MZB and in protection against acute bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanying Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ermeng Xiong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lumin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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49
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Nguyen TTT, Baumgarth N. Natural IgM and the Development of B Cell-Mediated Autoimmune Diseases. Crit Rev Immunol 2017; 36:163-177. [PMID: 27910766 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2016018175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Most serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) is "natural IgM", which is produced apparently spontaneously by a distinct subset of B cells requiring no exogenous antigenic or microbial stimuli. Natural IgM is an evolutionarily conserved molecule and reacts with a variety of epitopes expressed on both self- and non-self antigens. It has long been understood that secreted (s) IgM contributes to the removal of altered self-antigens, such as apoptotic and dying cells. As we outline in this review, it is thought that this sIgM housekeeping function removes potential triggers of autoresponse induction. However, we recently demonstrated an unexpected and distinct role for sIgM in the control of autoreactive B cells: the regulation of bone marrow B cell development. The absence of sIgM blocked pro- to pre- B-cell transition and greatly altered the BCR repertoire of the developing B cells and the peripheral B-cell pools in genetically engineered mice. This finding strongly suggests that IgM is critical for B-cell central tolerance induction. Given that treatment of sIgM-deficient mice with polyclonal IgM corrected these developmental defects, therapeutic application of IgM could be of clinical relevance in the treatment of some B-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T T Nguyen
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Graduate Group in Immunology, and Dept. Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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50
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Baumgarth N. A Hard(y) Look at B-1 Cell Development and Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3387-3394. [PMID: 29109178 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A small population of B cells exists in lymphoid tissues and body cavities of mice that is distinct in development, phenotype, and function from the majority (B-2) B cell population. This population, originally termed "Ly-1" and now "B-1," has received renewed interest as an innate-like B cell population of fetal-derived hematopoiesis, responsible for natural Ab production and rapid immune responses. Molecular analyses have begun to define fetal and adult hematopoiesis, while cell-fate mapping studies have revealed complex developmental origins of B-1 cells. Together the studies provide a more detailed understanding of B-1 cell regulation and function. This review outlines studies that defined B-1 cells as natural Ab- and cytokine-producing B cells of fetal origin, with a focus on work conducted by R.R. Hardy, an early pioneer and codiscoverer of B-1 cells, whose seminal contributions enhanced our understanding of this enigmatic B cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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