1
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Katoh TA, Fukai YT, Ishibashi T. Optical microscopic imaging, manipulation, and analysis methods for morphogenesis research. Microscopy (Oxf) 2024; 73:226-242. [PMID: 38102756 PMCID: PMC11154147 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis is a developmental process of organisms being shaped through complex and cooperative cellular movements. To understand the interplay between genetic programs and the resulting multicellular morphogenesis, it is essential to characterize the morphologies and dynamics at the single-cell level and to understand how physical forces serve as both signaling components and driving forces of tissue deformations. In recent years, advances in microscopy techniques have led to improvements in imaging speed, resolution and depth. Concurrently, the development of various software packages has supported large-scale, analyses of challenging images at the single-cell resolution. While these tools have enhanced our ability to examine dynamics of cells and mechanical processes during morphogenesis, their effective integration requires specialized expertise. With this background, this review provides a practical overview of those techniques. First, we introduce microscopic techniques for multicellular imaging and image analysis software tools with a focus on cell segmentation and tracking. Second, we provide an overview of cutting-edge techniques for mechanical manipulation of cells and tissues. Finally, we introduce recent findings on morphogenetic mechanisms and mechanosensations that have been achieved by effectively combining microscopy, image analysis tools and mechanical manipulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu A Katoh
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yohsuke T Fukai
- Nonequilibrium Physics of Living Matter RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Physical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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2
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Ahmadian S, Lindsey PJ, Smeets HJM, van Tienen FHJ, van Zandvoort MAMJ. Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy for Optimized and Quantified Live Imaging of 3D Mitochondrial Network. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4819. [PMID: 38732037 PMCID: PMC11083894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the energy factories of a cell, and depending on the metabolic requirements, the mitochondrial morphology, quantity, and membrane potential in a cell change. These changes are frequently assessed using commercially available probes. In this study, we tested the suitability of three commercially available probes-namely 5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolo-carbocyanine iodide (JC-1), MitoTracker Red CMX Rox (CMXRos), and tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM)-for assessing the mitochondrial quantity, morphology, and membrane potential in living human mesoangioblasts in 3D with confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and scanning disk confocal microscope (SDCM). Using CLSM, JC-1, and CMXRos-but not TMRM-uncovered considerable background and variation. Using SDCM, the background signal only remained apparent for the JC-1 monomer. Repetitive imaging of CMXRos and JC-1-but not TMRM-demonstrated a 1.5-2-fold variation in signal intensity between cells using CLSM. The use of SDCM drastically reduced this variation. The slope of the relative signal intensity upon repetitive imaging using CLSM was lowest for TMRM (-0.03) and highest for CMXRos (0.16). Upon repetitive imaging using SDCM, the slope varied from 0 (CMXRos) to a maximum of -0.27 (JC-1 C1). Conclusively, our data show that TMRM staining outperformed JC-1 and CMXRos dyes in a (repetitive) 3D analysis of the entire mitochondrial quantity, morphology, and membrane potential in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaieh Ahmadian
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.J.L.); (H.J.M.S.); (F.H.J.v.T.)
- GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick J. Lindsey
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.J.L.); (H.J.M.S.); (F.H.J.v.T.)
- GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert J. M. Smeets
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.J.L.); (H.J.M.S.); (F.H.J.v.T.)
- GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institutefor Mental Health and Neurosciences (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Florence H. J. van Tienen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.J.L.); (H.J.M.S.); (F.H.J.v.T.)
- Institutefor Mental Health and Neurosciences (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A. M. J. van Zandvoort
- GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institutefor Mental Health and Neurosciences (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- IMCAR, Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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3
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Deng D, Hao T, Lu L, Yang M, Zeng Z, Lovell JF, Liu Y, Jin H. Applications of Intravital Imaging in Cancer Immunotherapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:264. [PMID: 38534538 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, immunotherapy is one of the most effective treatment strategies for cancer. However, the efficacy of any specific anti-tumor immunotherapy can vary based on the dynamic characteristics of immune cells, such as their rate of migration and cell-to-cell interactions. Therefore, understanding the dynamics among cells involved in the immune response can inform the optimization and improvement of existing immunotherapy strategies. In vivo imaging technologies use optical microscopy techniques to visualize the movement and behavior of cells in vivo, including cells involved in the immune response, thereby showing great potential for application in the field of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we briefly introduce the technical aspects required for in vivo imaging, such as fluorescent protein labeling, the construction of transgenic mice, and various window chamber models. Then, we discuss the elucidation of new phenomena and mechanisms relating to tumor immunotherapy that has been made possible by the application of in vivo imaging technology. Specifically, in vivo imaging has supported the characterization of the movement of T cells during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and the kinetic analysis of dendritic cell migration in tumor vaccine therapy. Finally, we provide a perspective on the challenges and future research directions for the use of in vivo imaging technology in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Deng
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tianli Hao
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lisen Lu
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muyang Yang
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Yushuai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Honglin Jin
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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4
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Ataka M, Otomo K, Enoki R, Ishii H, Tsutsumi M, Kozawa Y, Sato S, Nemoto T. Multibeam continuous axial scanning two-photon microscopy for in vivo volumetric imaging in mouse brain. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1089-1101. [PMID: 38404301 PMCID: PMC10890896 DOI: 10.1364/boe.514826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
This study presents an alternative approach for two-photon volumetric imaging that combines multibeam lateral scanning with continuous axial scanning using a confocal spinning-disk scanner and an electrically focus tunable lens. Using this proposed system, the brain of a living mouse could be imaged at a penetration depth of over 450 μm from the surface. In vivo volumetric Ca2+ imaging at a volume rate of 1.5 Hz within a depth range of 130-200 μm, was segmented with an axial pitch of approximately 5-µm and revealed spontaneous activity of neurons with their 3D positions. This study offers a practical microscope design equipped with compact scanners, a simple control system, and readily adjustable imaging parameters, which is crucial for the widespread adoption of two-photon volumetric imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Ataka
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kohei Otomo
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Enoki
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- School of Life Sciences, The Graduate School of Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ishii
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- School of Life Sciences, The Graduate School of Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Motosuke Tsutsumi
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- School of Life Sciences, The Graduate School of Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kozawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shunichi Sato
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- School of Life Sciences, The Graduate School of Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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5
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Ryu Y, Kim Y, Park SJ, Kim SR, Kim HJ, Ha CM. Comparison of Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy and Fast-Confocal Microscopy for Three-Dimensional Imaging of Cleared Mouse Brain. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:108. [PMID: 37987355 PMCID: PMC10660704 DOI: 10.3390/mps6060108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-brain imaging is important for understanding brain functions through deciphering tissue structures, neuronal circuits, and single-neuron tracing. Thus, many clearing methods have been developed to acquire whole-brain images or images of three-dimensional thick tissues. However, there are several limitations to imaging whole-brain volumes, including long image acquisition times, large volumes of data, and a long post-image process. Based on these limitations, many researchers are unsure about which light microscopy is most suitable for imaging thick tissues. Here, we compared fast-confocal microscopy with light-sheet fluorescence microscopy for whole-brain three-dimensional imaging, which can acquire images the fastest. To compare the two types of microscopies for large-volume imaging, we performed tissue clearing of a whole mouse brain, and changed the sample chamber and low- magnification objective lens and modified the sample holder of a light-sheet fluorescence microscope. We found out that light-sheet fluorescence microscopy using a 2.5× objective lens possesses several advantages, including saving time, large-volume image acquisitions, and high Z-resolution, over fast-confocal microscopy, which uses a 4× objective lens. Therefore, we suggest that light-sheet fluorescence microscopy is suitable for whole mouse brain imaging and for obtaining high-resolution three-dimensional images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjae Ryu
- Research Strategy Office and Brain Research Core Facilities of Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoonju Kim
- Research Strategy Office and Brain Research Core Facilities of Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sang-Joon Park
- Department of Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Rae Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (S.R.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (S.R.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Chang Man Ha
- Research Strategy Office and Brain Research Core Facilities of Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.); (Y.K.)
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6
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Liu JTC, Glaser AK, Poudel C, Vaughan JC. Nondestructive 3D Pathology with Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy for Translational Research and Clinical Assays. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:231-252. [PMID: 36854208 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091222-092734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a revived appreciation for the importance of spatial context and morphological phenotypes for both understanding disease progression and guiding treatment decisions. Compared with conventional 2D histopathology, which is the current gold standard of medical diagnostics, nondestructive 3D pathology offers researchers and clinicians the ability to visualize orders of magnitude more tissue within their natural volumetric context. This has been enabled by rapid advances in tissue-preparation methods, high-throughput 3D microscopy instrumentation, and computational tools for processing these massive feature-rich data sets. Here, we provide a brief overview of many of these technical advances along with remaining challenges to be overcome. We also speculate on the future of 3D pathology as applied in translational investigations, preclinical drug development, and clinical decision-support assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T C Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adam K Glaser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
- Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chetan Poudel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joshua C Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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7
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Hazart D, Delhomme B, Oheim M, Ricard C. Label-free, fast, 2-photon volume imaging of the organization of neurons and glia in the enteric nervous system. Front Neuroanat 2023; 16:1070062. [PMID: 36844894 PMCID: PMC9948619 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1070062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS), sometimes referred to as a "second brain" is a quasi-autonomous nervous system, made up of interconnected plexuses organized in a mesh-like network lining the gastrointestinal tract. Originally described as an actor in the regulation of digestion, bowel contraction, and intestinal secretion, the implications of the ENS in various central neuropathologies has recently been demonstrated. However, with a few exceptions, the morphology and pathologic alterations of the ENS have mostly been studied on thin sections of the intestinal wall or, alternatively, in dissected explants. Precious information on the three-dimensional (3-D) architecture and connectivity is hence lost. Here, we propose the fast, label-free 3-D imaging of the ENS, based on intrinsic signals. We used a custom, fast tissue-clearing protocol based on a high refractive-index aqueous solution to increase the imaging depth and allow us the detection of faint signals and we characterized the autofluorescence (AF) from the various cellular and sub-cellular components of the ENS. Validation by immunofluorescence and spectral recordings complete this groundwork. Then, we demonstrate the rapid acquisition of detailed 3-D image stacks from unlabeled mouse ileum and colon, across the whole intestinal wall and including both the myenteric and submucosal enteric nervous plexuses using a new spinning-disk two-photon (2P) microscope. The combination of fast clearing (less than 15 min for 73% transparency), AF detection and rapid volume imaging [less than 1 min for the acquisition of a z-stack of 100 planes (150*150 μm) at sub-300-nm spatial resolution] opens up the possibility for new applications in fundamental and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Hazart
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Delhomme
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Paris, France
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8
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Zhang X, Li W, Cui Z. Single-Particle Tracking of Virus Entry in Live Cells. Subcell Biochem 2023; 106:153-168. [PMID: 38159226 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-40086-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Novel imaging technologies such as single-particle tracking provide tools to study the intricate process of virus infection in host cells. In this chapter, we provide an overview of studies in which single-particle tracking technologies were applied for the analysis of the viral entry pathways in the context of the live host cell. Single-particle tracking techniques have been dependent on advances in the fluorescent labeling microscopy method and image analysis. The mechanistic and kinetic insights offered by this technique will provide a better understanding of virus entry and may lead to a rational design of antiviral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Halpern AR, Lee MY, Howard MD, Woodworth MA, Nicovich PR, Vaughan JC. Versatile, do-it-yourself, low-cost spinning disk confocal microscope. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1102-1120. [PMID: 35284165 PMCID: PMC8884209 DOI: 10.1364/boe.442087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Confocal microscopy is an invaluable tool for 3D imaging of biological specimens, however, accessibility is often limited to core facilities due to the high cost of the hardware. We describe an inexpensive do-it-yourself (DIY) spinning disk confocal microscope (SDCM) module based on a commercially fabricated chromium photomask that can be added on to a laser-illuminated epifluorescence microscope. The SDCM achieves strong performance across a wide wavelength range (∼400-800 nm) as demonstrated through a series of biological imaging applications that include conventional microscopy (immunofluorescence, small-molecule stains, and fluorescence in situ hybridization) and super-resolution microscopy (single-molecule localization microscopy and expansion microscopy). This low-cost and simple DIY SDCM is well-documented and should help increase accessibility to confocal microscopy for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Halpern
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Min Yen Lee
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marco D Howard
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marcus A Woodworth
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Joshua C Vaughan
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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10
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Low-invasive 5D visualization of mitotic progression by two-photon excitation spinning-disk confocal microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:809. [PMID: 35039530 PMCID: PMC8764092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-linear microscopy, such as multi-photon excitation microscopy, offers spatial localities of excitations, thereby achieving 3D cross-sectional imaging with low phototoxicity even in thick biological specimens. We had developed a multi-point scanning two-photon excitation microscopy system using a spinning-disk confocal scanning unit. However, its severe color cross-talk has precluded multi-color simultaneous imaging. Therefore, in this study, we introduced a mechanical switching system to select either of two NIR laser light pulses and an image-splitting detection system for 3- or 4-color imaging. As a proof of concept, we performed multi-color fluorescent imaging of actively dividing human HeLa cells and tobacco BY-2 cells. We found that the proposed microscopy system enabled time-lapse multi-color 3D imaging of cell divisions while avoiding photodamage. Moreover, the application of a linear unmixing method to the 5D dataset enabled the precise separation of individual intracellular components in multi-color images. We thus demonstrated the versatility of our new microscopy system in capturing the dynamic processes of cellular components that could have multitudes of application.
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11
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Gaus B, Brüning D, Groß S, Müller M, Rustenbeck I. The changing view of insulin granule mobility: From conveyor belt to signaling hub. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:983152. [PMID: 36120467 PMCID: PMC9478610 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.983152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Before the advent of TIRF microscopy the fate of the insulin granule prior to secretion was deduced from biochemical investigations, electron microscopy and electrophysiological measurements. Since Calcium-triggered granule fusion is indisputably necessary to release insulin into the extracellular space, much effort was directed to the measure this event at the single granule level. This has also been the major application of the TIRF microscopy of the pancreatic beta cell when it became available about 20 years ago. To better understand the metabolic modulation of secretion, we were interested to characterize the entirety of the insulin granules which are localized in the vicinity of the plasma membrane to identify the characteristics which predispose to fusion. In this review we concentrate on how the description of granule mobility in the submembrane space has evolved as a result of progress in methodology. The granules are in a state of constant turnover with widely different periods of residence in this space. While granule fusion is associated +with prolonged residence and decreased lateral mobility, these characteristics may not only result from binding to the plasma membrane but also from binding to the cortical actin web, which is present in the immediate submembrane space. While granule age as such affects granule mobility and fusion probability, the preceding functional states of the beta cell leave their mark on these parameters, too. In summary, the submembrane granules form a highly dynamic heterogeneous population and contribute to the metabolic memory of the beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Gaus
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dennis Brüning
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sofie Groß
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Institute of Dynamics and Vibrations, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Rustenbeck
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ingo Rustenbeck,
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12
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Abstract
Axonal transport is an essential component of neuronal function. Several neurodegenerative disorders have been associated with defects in cargo transport. Thus, studying axonal transport is important to understand such disorders. Live imaging of fluorescently labeled cargo is a prevailing technique to study properties of axonal transport. C. elegans is both transparent and genetically amenable, making it an excellent model system to study axonal transport. In this chapter, we describe protocols to live image several neuronal cargo in vivo in C. elegans neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandhya P Koushika
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.
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13
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Lin PY, Hwang SPL, Lee CH, Chen BC. Two-photon scanned light sheet fluorescence microscopy with axicon imaging for fast volumetric imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210219RR. [PMID: 34796706 PMCID: PMC8601431 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.11.116503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Two-photon microscopy has become the standard platform for deep-tissue fluorescence imaging. However, the use of point scanning in conventional two-photon microscopy limits the speed of volumetric image acquisition. AIM To obtain fast and deep volumetric images, we combine two-photon light sheet fluorescence microscopy (2p-LSFM) and axicon imaging that yields an extended depth of field (DOF) in 2p-LSFM. APPROACH Axicon imaging is achieved by imposing an axicon lens in the detection part of LSFM. RESULTS The DOF with axicon imaging is extended more than 20-fold over that of a conventional imaging lens, liberating the synchronized scanning in LSFM. We captured images of dynamic beating hearts and red blood cells in zebrafish larvae at volume acquisition rates up to 30 Hz. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the fast three-dimensional imaging capability of 2p-LSFM with axicon imaging by recording the rapid dynamics of physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yen Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ping L. Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hon Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Chang Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Valli J, Sanderson J. Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy Methods for Assessing Mouse Biology. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e224. [PMID: 34436832 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution (diffraction unlimited) microscopy was developed 15 years ago; the developers were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in recognition of their work in 2014. Super-resolution microscopy is increasingly being applied to diverse scientific fields, from single molecules to cell organelles, viruses, bacteria, plants, and animals, especially the mammalian model organism Mus musculus. In this review, we explain how super-resolution microscopy, along with fluorescence microscopy from which it grew, has aided the renaissance of the light microscope. We cover experiment planning and specimen preparation and explain structured illumination microscopy, super-resolution radial fluctuations, stimulated emission depletion microscopy, single-molecule localization microscopy, and super-resolution imaging by pixel reassignment. The final section of this review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each super-resolution technique and how to choose the best approach for your research. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Valli
- Edinburgh Super Resolution Imaging Consortium (ESRIC), Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Sanderson
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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15
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Janssen BGH, Najiminaini M, Zhang YM, Omidi P, Carson JJL. Multispectral intravital microscopy for simultaneous bright-field and fluorescence imaging of the microvasculature. Appl Microsc 2021; 51:12. [PMID: 34302534 PMCID: PMC8310548 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-021-00059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital video microscopy permits the observation of microcirculatory blood flow. This often requires fluorescent probes to visualize structures and dynamic processes that cannot be observed with conventional bright-field microscopy. Conventional light microscopes do not allow for simultaneous bright-field and fluorescent imaging. Moreover, in conventional microscopes, only one type of fluorescent label can be observed. This study introduces multispectral intravital video microscopy, which combines bright-field and fluorescence microscopy in a standard light microscope. The technique enables simultaneous real-time observation of fluorescently-labeled structures in relation to their direct physical surroundings. The advancement provides context for the orientation, movement, and function of labeled structures in the microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry G H Janssen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada. .,Kidney Clinical Research Unit (KCRU), London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6C 6B5, Canada.
| | - Mohamadreza Najiminaini
- Imaging Program, St.Joseph's Health Care, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Yan Min Zhang
- Kidney Clinical Research Unit (KCRU), London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6C 6B5, Canada.,Trauma Research Centre, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, People's Republic of China
| | - Parsa Omidi
- Imaging Program, St.Joseph's Health Care, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jeffrey J L Carson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Imaging Program, St.Joseph's Health Care, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, People's Republic of China
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16
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Harrison SP, Baumgarten SF, Verma R, Lunov O, Dejneka A, Sullivan GJ. Liver Organoids: Recent Developments, Limitations and Potential. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:574047. [PMID: 34026769 PMCID: PMC8131532 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.574047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cell types derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) share the potential to investigate development, toxicity, as well as genetic and infectious disease in ways currently limited by the availability of primary tissue. With the added advantage of patient specificity, which can play a role in all of these areas. Many iPSC differentiation protocols focus on 3 dimensional (3D) or organotypic differentiation, as these offer the advantage of more closely mimicking in vivo systems including; the formation of tissue like architecture and interactions/crosstalk between different cell types. Ultimately such models have the potential to be used clinically and either with or more aptly, in place of animal models. Along with the development of organotypic and micro-tissue models, there will be a need to co-develop imaging technologies to enable their visualization. A variety of liver models termed "organoids" have been reported in the literature ranging from simple spheres or cysts of a single cell type, usually hepatocytes, to those containing multiple cell types combined during the differentiation process such as hepatic stellate cells, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal cells, often leading to an improved hepatic phenotype. These allow specific functions or readouts to be examined such as drug metabolism, protein secretion or an improved phenotype, but because of their relative simplicity they lack the flexibility and general applicability of ex vivo tissue culture. In the liver field these are more often constructed rather than developed together organotypically as seen in other organoid models such as brain, kidney, lung and intestine. Having access to organotypic liver like surrogates containing multiple cell types with in vivo like interactions/architecture, would provide vastly improved models for disease, toxicity and drug development, combining disciplines such as microfluidic chip technology with organoids and ultimately paving the way to new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Philip Harrison
- Hybrid Technology Hub–Center of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saphira Felicitas Baumgarten
- Hybrid Technology Hub–Center of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rajneesh Verma
- Hybrid Technology Hub–Center of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Gareth John Sullivan
- Hybrid Technology Hub–Center of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Tian Q, Lipp P. Apparent calcium spark properties and fast-scanning 2D confocal imaging modalities. Cell Calcium 2020; 93:102303. [PMID: 33316584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ sparks are instrumental to understand physiological and pathological Ca2+ signaling in the heart. High-speed two spatially dimensional (2D) confocal imaging (>120 Hz) enables acquisition of sparks with high-content information, however, owing to a wide variety of different acquisition modalities the question arises: how much they reflect the "true" Ca2+ spark properties. To address this issue, we compared a fast point and a 2D-array scanner equipped with a range of different detectors. As a quasi-standard biological sample, we employed Ca2+ sparks in permeabilized and intact mouse ventricular myocytes and utilized an unbiased, automatic Ca2+ spark analysis tool, iSpark. Data from the point scanner suffered from low pixel photon fluxes (PPF) concomitant with high Poissonian noise. Images from the 2D-array scanner displayed substantially increased PPF, lower Poissonian noise and almost 3-fold increased sign-to-noise ratios. Noteworthy, data from the 2D scanner suffered from considerable inter-pinhole crosstalk evident for the permeabilized cells. Spark properties, such as frequency, amplitude, decay time and spatial spread were distinctly different for any scanner/detector combination. Our study reveals that the apparent Ca2+ spark properties differ dependent on the particular recording modality and set-up employed, quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Tian
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Research Center for Molecular Imaging and Screening, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Homburg, Saar, 66421, Germany
| | - Peter Lipp
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Research Center for Molecular Imaging and Screening, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Homburg, Saar, 66421, Germany.
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18
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Tokuoka Y, Yamada TG, Mashiko D, Ikeda Z, Hiroi NF, Kobayashi TJ, Yamagata K, Funahashi A. 3D convolutional neural networks-based segmentation to acquire quantitative criteria of the nucleus during mouse embryogenesis. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2020; 6:32. [PMID: 33082352 PMCID: PMC7575569 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-020-00152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis, cells repeatedly divide and dynamically change their positions in three-dimensional (3D) space. A robust and accurate algorithm to acquire the 3D positions of the cells would help to reveal the mechanisms of embryogenesis. To acquire quantitative criteria of embryogenesis from time-series 3D microscopic images, image processing algorithms such as segmentation have been applied. Because the cells in embryos are considerably crowded, an algorithm to segment individual cells in detail and accurately is needed. To quantify the nuclear region of every cell from a time-series 3D fluorescence microscopic image of living cells, we developed QCANet, a convolutional neural network-based segmentation algorithm for 3D fluorescence bioimages. We demonstrated that QCANet outperformed 3D Mask R-CNN, which is currently considered as the best algorithm of instance segmentation. We showed that QCANet can be applied not only to developing mouse embryos but also to developing embryos of two other model species. Using QCANet, we were able to extract several quantitative criteria of embryogenesis from 11 early mouse embryos. We showed that the extracted criteria could be used to evaluate the differences between individual embryos. This study contributes to the development of fundamental approaches for assessing embryogenesis on the basis of extracted quantitative criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tokuoka
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takahiro G Yamada
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mashiko
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
| | - Zenki Ikeda
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
| | - Noriko F Hiroi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Yamaguchi, 756-0884, Japan
| | - Tetsuya J Kobayashi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamagata
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
| | - Akira Funahashi
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan.
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19
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Otomo K, Goto A, Yamanaka Y, Hori T, Nakayama H, Nemoto T. High-peak-power 918-nm laser light source based two-photon spinning-disk microscopy for green fluorophores. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:238-242. [PMID: 32703417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High-speed imaging of living specimen was performed using two-photon microscopy equipped with a spinning-disk scanning unit. Typically, a high-peak-power laser light source is needed to simultaneously induce two-photon excitation processes at several hundred focal points, generating the limitations of excitable fluorophores. Therefore, a high-peak-power neodymium-based 918-nm laser light source was used for intravital imaging of the most popular fluorophores, green fluorescent proteins. As a result, the proposed system obtained approximately 30 times brighter fluorescent signal than that obtained using a conventional mode-locked titanium:sapphire laser light source. Furthermore, the system visualized four-dimensional (xyz-t) calcium responses of pancreatic acinar cells agonist stimulations in the living G-CaMP7-expressing mouse with 60 million μm3 volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Otomo
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan; National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan; Graduate School of Advanced Studies Sciences (SOKENDAI), 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan; Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita 14 Nishi 9, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0014, Japan.
| | - Ai Goto
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita 14 Nishi 9, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0014, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamanaka
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita 14 Nishi 9, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0014, Japan
| | - Takashi Hori
- IMRA America, Inc., 1044 Woodridge Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakayama
- Yokogawa Electric Corporation, 2-3 Hokuyoudai, Kanazawa, 920-0177, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan; National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan; Graduate School of Advanced Studies Sciences (SOKENDAI), 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan; Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita 14 Nishi 9, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0014, Japan
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20
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Pozzi P, Smith C, Carroll E, Wilding D, Soloviev O, Booth M, Vdovin G, Verhaegen M. Anisoplanatic adaptive optics in parallelized laser scanning microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:14222-14236. [PMID: 32403465 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inhomogeneities in the refractive index of a biological microscopy sample can introduce phase aberrations, severely impairing the quality of images. Adaptive optics can be employed to correct for phase aberrations and improve image quality. However, conventional adaptive optics can only correct a single phase aberration for the whole field of view (isoplanatic correction) while, due to the highly heterogeneous nature of biological tissues, the sample induced aberrations in microscopy often vary throughout the field of view (anisoplanatic aberration), limiting significantly the effectiveness of adaptive optics. This paper reports on a new approach for aberration correction in laser scanning confocal microscopy, in which a spatial light modulator is used to generate multiple excitation points in the sample to simultaneously scan different portions of the field of view with completely independent correction, achieving anisoplanatic compensation of sample induced aberrations, in a significantly shorter time compared to sequential isoplanatic correction of multiple image subregions. The method was tested in whole Drosophila brains and in larval Zebrafish, each showing a dramatic improvement in resolution and sharpness when compared to conventional isoplanatic adaptive optics.
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21
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Weng CH, Tang J, Han KY. Optimizing the performance of multiline-scanning confocal microscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2020; 54:105401. [PMID: 34483365 PMCID: PMC8412417 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/abc84b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Line-scanning confocal microscopy provides high imaging speed and moderate optical sectioning strength, which makes it a useful tool for imaging various biospecimens ranging from living cells to fixed tissues. Conventional line-scanning systems have only used a single excitation line and slit, and thus have not fully exploited benefits of parallelization. Here we investigate the optical performance of multi-line scanning confocal microscopy (mLS) by employing a digital micro-mirror that provides programmable patterns of the illumination beam and the detection slit. Through experimental results and optical simulations, we assess the depth discrimination of mLS under different optical parameters and compare it with multi-point systems such as scanning disk confocal microscopy (SDCM). Under the same illumination duty cycle, we find that mLS has better optical sectioning than SDCM at a high degree of parallelization. The optimized mLS provides a low photobleaching rate and video-rate imaging while its optical sectioning is similar to single line-scanning confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hung Weng
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Jialei Tang
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Kyu Young Han
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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22
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Straub BB, Lah DC, Schmidt H, Roth M, Gilson L, Butt HJ, Auernhammer GK. Versatile high-speed confocal microscopy using a single laser beam. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:033706. [PMID: 32259986 DOI: 10.1063/1.5122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a new flexible high speed laser scanning confocal microscope and its extension by an astigmatism particle tracking velocimetry (APTV) device. Many standard confocal microscopes use either a single laser beam to scan the sample at a relatively low overall frame rate or many laser beams to simultaneously scan the sample and achieve a high overall frame rate. The single-laser-beam confocal microscope often uses a point detector to acquire the image. To achieve high overall frame rates, we use, next to the standard 2D probe scanning unit, a second 2D scan unit projecting the image directly onto a 2D CCD-sensor (re-scan configuration). Using only a single laser beam eliminates crosstalk and leads to an imaging quality that is independent of the frame rate with a lateral resolution of 0.235 µm. The design described here is suitable for a high frame rate, i.e., for frame rates well above the video rate (full frame) up to a line rate of 32 kHz. The dwell time of the laser focus on any spot in the sample (122 ns) is significantly shorter than those in standard confocal microscopes (in the order of milli- or microseconds). This short dwell time reduces phototoxicity and bleaching of fluorescent molecules. The new design opens up further flexibility and facilitates coupling to other optical methods. The setup can easily be extended by an APTV device to measure three dimensional dynamics while being able to show high resolution confocal structures. Thus, one can use the high resolution confocal information synchronized with an APTV dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt B Straub
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - David C Lah
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Henrik Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcel Roth
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Laurent Gilson
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Günter K Auernhammer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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23
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Avena R, Qiao L, Fujii Y, Otomo K, Ishii H, Suzuki T, Tsujino H, Uno T, Tsutsumi Y, Kawashima Y, Takagi T, Murai K, Nemoto T, Arisawa M. Absorption, Fluorescence, and Two-Photon Excitation Ability of 5-Phenylisolidolo[2,1- a]quinolines. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2473-2479. [PMID: 32064407 PMCID: PMC7017418 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the absorption, fluorescence, and two-photon excitation spectra of a series of 5-phenylisoindolo[2,1-a]quinoline dyes. Depending on the substituents, we observed increasing two-photon absorption cross sections, with values up to 56 GM@973 nm, which are similar to those of the enhanced green fluorescent protein and fluorescein, common fluorescent chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon
Francisco Avena
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Lin Qiao
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido
University, Kita 20 Nishi
10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Kohei Otomo
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido
University, Kita 20 Nishi
10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Graduate
School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita 14 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
- Exploratory
Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- National
Institute for Physiological Science, National
Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ishii
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido
University, Kita 20 Nishi
10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Exploratory
Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- National
Institute for Physiological Science, National
Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Suzuki
- The Institute
of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka
University, Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tsujino
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Uno
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takagi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Kenichi Murai
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido
University, Kita 20 Nishi
10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Graduate
School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita 14 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
- Exploratory
Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- National
Institute for Physiological Science, National
Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
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24
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Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy has long been a valuable tool for biological and medical imaging. Control of optical parameters such as the amplitude, phase, polarization and propagation angle of light gives fluorescence imaging great capabilities ranging from super-resolution imaging to long-term real-time observation of living organisms. In this review, we discuss current fluorescence imaging techniques in terms of the use of tailored or structured light for the sample illumination and fluorescence detection, providing a clear overview of their working principles and capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Tang
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jinhan Ren
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kyu Young Han
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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25
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Kavanagh DPJ, Kalia N. Live Intravital Imaging of Cellular Trafficking in the Cardiac Microvasculature-Beating the Odds. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2782. [PMID: 31849965 PMCID: PMC6901937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mortality rates from cardiovascular disease in the developed world are falling, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not. Each year, the number of people either being diagnosed as suffering with CVD or undergoing a surgical procedure related to it, such as percutaneous coronary intervention, continues to increase. In order to ensure that we can effectively manage these diseases in the future, it is critical that we fully understand their basic physiology and their underlying causative factors. Over recent years, the important role of the cardiac microcirculation in both acute and chronic disorders of the heart has become clear. The recruitment of inflammatory cells into the cardiac microcirculation and their subsequent activation may contribute significantly to tissue damage, adverse remodeling, and poor outcomes during recovery. However, our basic understanding of the cardiac microcirculation is hampered by an historic inability to image the microvessels of the beating heart-something we have been able to achieve in other organs for over 100 years. This stems from a couple of clear and obvious difficulties related to imaging the heart-firstly, it has significant inherent contractile motion and is affected considerably by the movement of lungs. Secondly, it is located in an anatomically challenging position for microscopy. However, recent microscopic and technological developments have allowed us to overcome some of these challenges and to begin to answer some of the basic outstanding questions in cardiac microvascular physiology, particularly in relation to inflammatory cell recruitment. In this review, we will discuss some of the historic work that took place in the latter part of last century toward cardiac intravital, before moving onto the advanced work that has been performed since. This work, which has utilized technology such as spinning-disk confocal and multiphoton microscopy, has-along with some significant advancements in algorithms and software-unlocked our ability to image the "business end" of the cardiac vascular tree. This review will provide an overview of these techniques, as well as some practical pointers toward software and other tools that may be useful for other researchers who are considering utilizing this technique themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Philip John Kavanagh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Neena Kalia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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26
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Sasaki T, Tsutsumi M, Otomo K, Murata T, Yagi N, Nakamura M, Nemoto T, Hasebe M, Oda Y. A Novel Katanin-Tethering Machinery Accelerates Cytokinesis. Curr Biol 2019; 29:4060-4070.e3. [PMID: 31735673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinesis is fundamental for cell proliferation [1, 2]. In plants, a bipolar short-microtubule array forms the phragmoplast, which mediates vesicle transport to the midzone and guides the formation of cell walls that separate the mother cell into two daughter cells [2]. The phragmoplast centrifugally expands toward the cell cortex to guide cell-plate formation at the cortical division site [3, 4]. Several proteins in the phragmoplast midzone facilitate the anti-parallel bundling of microtubules and vesicle accumulation [5]. However, the mechanisms by which short microtubules are maintained during phragmoplast development, in particular, the behavior of microtubules at the distal zone of phragmoplasts, are poorly understood. Here, we show that a plant-specific protein, CORTICAL MICROTUBULE DISORDERING 4 (CORD4), tethers the conserved microtubule-severing protein katanin to facilitate formation of the short-microtubule array in phragmoplasts. CORD4 was specifically expressed during mitosis and localized to preprophase bands and phragmoplast microtubules. Custom-made two-photon spinning disk confocal microscopy revealed that CORD4 rapidly localized to microtubules in the distal phragmoplast zone during phragmoplast assembly at late anaphase and persisted throughout phragmoplast expansion. Loss of CORD4 caused abnormally long and oblique phragmoplast microtubules and slow expansion of phragmoplasts. The p60 katanin subunit, KTN1, localized to the distal phragmoplast zone in a CORD4-dependent manner. These results suggest that CORD4 tethers KTN1 at phragmoplasts to modulate microtubule length, thereby accelerating phragmoplast growth. This reveals the presence of a distinct machinery to accelerate cytokinesis by regulating the action of katanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takema Sasaki
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Motosuke Tsutsumi
- Nikon Imaging Center, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kohei Otomo
- Nikon Imaging Center, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan
| | - Takashi Murata
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Yagi
- Institute of transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakamura
- Institute of transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Nikon Imaging Center, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Oda
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
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27
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Ota S, Kawano S. Three-dimensional ultrastructure and hyperspectral imaging of metabolite accumulation and dynamics in Haematococcus and Chlorella. Microscopy (Oxf) 2019; 68:57-68. [PMID: 30576509 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfy142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycology has developed alongside light and electron microscopy techniques. Since the 1950s, progress in the field has accelerated dramatically with the advent of electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopes can only acquire imaging data on a 2D plane. Currently, many of the life sciences are seeking to obtain 3D images with electron microscopy for the accurate interpretation of subcellular dynamics. Three-dimensional reconstruction using serial sections is a method that can cover relatively large cells or tissues without requiring special equipment. Another challenge is monitoring secondary metabolites (such as lipids or carotenoids) in intact cells. This became feasible with hyperspectral cameras, which enable the acquisition of wide-range spectral information in living cells. Here, we review bioimaging studies on the intracellular dynamics of substances such as lipids, carotenoids and phosphorus using conventional to state-of-the-art microscopy techniques in the field of algal biorefining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Ota
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kawano
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Future Center Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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28
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Rakotoson I, Delhomme B, Djian P, Deeg A, Brunstein M, Seebacher C, Uhl R, Ricard C, Oheim M. Fast 3-D Imaging of Brain Organoids With a New Single-Objective Planar-Illumination Two-Photon Microscope. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:77. [PMID: 31481880 PMCID: PMC6710410 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human inducible pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold a large potential for disease modeling. hiPSC-derived human astrocyte and neuronal cultures permit investigations of neural signaling pathways with subcellular resolution. Combinatorial cultures, and three-dimensional (3-D) embryonic bodies (EBs) enlarge the scope of investigations to multi-cellular phenomena. The highest level of complexity, brain organoids that-in many aspects-recapitulate anatomical and functional features of the developing brain permit the study of developmental and morphological aspects of human disease. An ideal microscope for 3-D tissue imaging at these different scales would combine features from both confocal laser-scanning and light-sheet microscopes: a micrometric optical sectioning capacity and sub-micrometric spatial resolution, a large field of view and high frame rate, and a low degree of invasiveness, i.e., ideally, a better photon efficiency than that of a confocal microscope. In the present work, we describe such an instrument that uses planar two-photon (2P) excitation. Its particularity is that-unlike two- or three-lens light-sheet microscopes-it uses a single, low-magnification, high-numerical aperture objective for the generation and scanning of a virtual light sheet. The microscope builds on a modified Nipkow-Petráň spinning-disk scheme for achieving wide-field excitation. However, unlike the Yokogawa design that uses a tandem disk, our concept combines micro lenses, dichroic mirrors and detection pinholes on a single disk. This new design, advantageous for 2P excitation, circumvents problems arising with the tandem disk from the large wavelength difference between the infrared excitation light and visible fluorescence. 2P fluorescence excited by the light sheet is collected with the same objective and imaged onto a fast sCMOS camera. We demonstrate 3-D imaging of TO-PRO3-stained EBs and of brain organoids, uncleared and after rapid partial transparisation with triethanolamine formamide (RTF) and we compare the performance of our instrument to that of a confocal laser-scanning microscope (CLSM) having a similar numerical aperture. Our large-field 2P-spinning disk microscope permits one order of magnitude faster imaging, affords less photobleaching and permits better depth penetration than a confocal microscope with similar spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Rakotoson
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8118, Brain Physiology Laboratory, Paris, France
- Fédération de Recherche en Neurosciences CNRS FR 3636, Paris, France
- Faculté de Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Master Program: MASTER Mention Biologie Cellulaire, Physiologie, Pathologies (BCPP), Spécialité Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Delhomme
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8118, Brain Physiology Laboratory, Paris, France
- Fédération de Recherche en Neurosciences CNRS FR 3636, Paris, France
- Faculté de Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Djian
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8118, Brain Physiology Laboratory, Paris, France
- Fédération de Recherche en Neurosciences CNRS FR 3636, Paris, France
- Faculté de Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Maia Brunstein
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8118, Brain Physiology Laboratory, Paris, France
- Fédération de Recherche en Neurosciences CNRS FR 3636, Paris, France
- Faculté de Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Clément Ricard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8118, Brain Physiology Laboratory, Paris, France
- Fédération de Recherche en Neurosciences CNRS FR 3636, Paris, France
- Faculté de Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Martin Oheim
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8118, Brain Physiology Laboratory, Paris, France
- Fédération de Recherche en Neurosciences CNRS FR 3636, Paris, France
- Faculté de Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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29
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Krmpot AJ, Nikolić SN, Oasa S, Papadopoulos DK, Vitali M, Oura M, Mikuni S, Thyberg P, Tisa S, Kinjo M, Nilsson L, Terenius L, Rigler R, Vukojević V. Functional Fluorescence Microscopy Imaging: Quantitative Scanning-Free Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy for the Characterization of Fast Dynamic Processes in Live Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11129-11137. [PMID: 31364842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Functional fluorescence microscopy imaging (fFMI), a time-resolved (21 μs/frame) confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging technique without scanning, is developed for quantitative characterization of fast reaction-transport processes in solution and in live cells. The method is based on massively parallel fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Simultaneous excitation of fluorescent molecules in multiple spots in the focal plane is achieved using a diffractive optical element (DOE). Fluorescence from the DOE-generated 1024 illuminated spots is detected in a confocal arrangement by a matching matrix detector comprising 32 × 32 single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs). Software for data acquisition and fast auto- and cross-correlation analysis by parallel signal processing using a graphic processing unit (GPU) allows temporal autocorrelation across all pixels in the image frame in 4 s and cross-correlation between first- and second-order neighbor pixels in 45 s. We present here this quantitative, time-resolved imaging method with single-molecule sensitivity and demonstrate its usefulness for mapping in live cell location-specific differences in the concentration and translational diffusion of molecules in different subcellular compartments. In particular, we show that molecules without a specific biological function, e.g., the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), exhibit uniform diffusion. In contrast, molecules that perform specialized biological functions and bind specifically to their molecular targets show location-specific differences in their concentration and diffusion, exemplified here for two transcription factor molecules, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) before and after nuclear translocation and the Sex combs reduced (Scr) transcription factor in the salivary gland of Drosophila ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar J Krmpot
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM) , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm 17176 , Sweden.,Institute of Physics Belgrade , University of Belgrade , Belgrade 11080 , Serbia
| | - Stanko N Nikolić
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM) , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm 17176 , Sweden.,Institute of Physics Belgrade , University of Belgrade , Belgrade 11080 , Serbia
| | - Sho Oasa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM) , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm 17176 , Sweden
| | | | | | - Makoto Oura
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 001-0021 , Japan
| | - Shintaro Mikuni
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 001-0021 , Japan
| | - Per Thyberg
- Department of Applied Physics , AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm 10691 , Sweden
| | - Simone Tisa
- Micro Photon Devices (MPD) , Bolzano 39100 , Italy
| | - Masataka Kinjo
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 001-0021 , Japan
| | - Lennart Nilsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition , Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge 14183 , Sweden
| | - Lars Terenius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM) , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm 17176 , Sweden
| | - Rudolf Rigler
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM) , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm 17176 , Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB) , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm 17177 , Sweden
| | - Vladana Vukojević
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM) , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm 17176 , Sweden
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30
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Dynamic polyhedral actomyosin lattices remodel micron-scale curved membranes during exocytosis in live mice. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:933-939. [PMID: 31358965 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Actomyosin networks, the cell's major force production machineries, remodel cellular membranes during myriad dynamic processes1,2 by assembling into various architectures with distinct force generation properties3,4. While linear and branched actomyosin architectures are well characterized in cell-culture and cell-free systems3, it is not known how actin and myosin networks form and function to remodel membranes in complex three-dimensional mammalian tissues. Here, we use four-dimensional spinning-disc confocal microscopy with image deconvolution to acquire macromolecular-scale detail of dynamic actomyosin networks in exocrine glands of live mice. We address how actin and myosin organize around large membrane-bound secretory vesicles and generate the forces required to complete exocytosis5-7. We find that actin and non-muscle myosin II (NMII) assemble into previously undescribed polyhedral-like lattices around the vesicle membrane. The NMII lattice comprises bipolar minifilaments8-10 as well as non-canonical three-legged configurations. Using photobleaching and pharmacological perturbations in vivo, we show that actomyosin contractility and actin polymerization together push on the underlying vesicle membrane to overcome the energy barrier and complete exocytosis7. Our imaging approach thus unveils a force-generating actomyosin lattice that regulates secretion in the exocrine organs of live animals.
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31
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McCall PM, Srivastava S, Perry SL, Kovar DR, Gardel ML, Tirrell MV. Partitioning and Enhanced Self-Assembly of Actin in Polypeptide Coacervates. Biophys J 2019; 114:1636-1645. [PMID: 29642033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomolecules exist and function in cellular microenvironments that control their spatial organization, local concentration, and biochemical reactivity. Due to the complexity of native cytoplasm, the development of artificial bioreactors and cellular mimics to compartmentalize, concentrate, and control the local physico-chemical properties is of great interest. Here, we employ self-assembling polypeptide coacervates to explore the partitioning of the ubiquitous cytoskeletal protein actin into liquid polymer-rich droplets. We find that actin spontaneously partitions into coacervate droplets and is enriched by up to ∼30-fold. Actin polymerizes into micrometer-long filaments and, in contrast to the globular protein BSA, these filaments localize predominately to the droplet periphery. We observe up to a 50-fold enhancement in the actin filament assembly rate inside coacervate droplets, consistent with the enrichment of actin within the coacervate phase. Together these results suggest that coacervates can serve as a versatile platform in which to localize and enrich biomolecules to study their reactivity in physiological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M McCall
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Margaret L Gardel
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Matthew V Tirrell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois.
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32
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Yamamoto K, Otomo K, Nemoto T, Ishihara S, Haga H, Nagasaki A, Murakami Y, Takahashi M. Differential contributions of nonmuscle myosin IIA and IIB to cytokinesis in human immortalized fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2019; 376:67-76. [PMID: 30711568 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) plays an important role in cytokinesis by constricting a contractile ring. However, it is poorly understood how NMII isoforms contribute to cytokinesis in mammalian cells. Here, we investigated the roles of the two major NMII isoforms, NMIIA and NMIIB, in cytokinesis using a WI-38 VA13 cell line (human immortalized fibroblast). In this cell line, NMIIB tended to localize to the contractile ring more than NMIIA. The expression level of NMIIA affected the localization of NMIIB. Most NMIIB accumulated at the cleavage furrow in NMIIA-knockout (KO) cells, and most NMIIA was displaced from this location in exogenous NMIIB-expressing cells, indicating that NMIIB preferentially localizes to the contractile ring. Specific KO of each isoform elicited opposite effects. The rate of furrow ingression was decreased and increased in NMIIA-KO and NMIIB-KO cells, respectively. Meanwhile, the length of NMII-filament stacks in the contractile ring was increased and decreased in NMIIA-KO and NMIIB-KO cells, respectively. Moreover, NMIIA helped to maintain cortical stiffness during cytokinesis. These findings suggest that appropriate ratio of NMIIA and NMIIB in the contractile ring is important for proper cytokinesis in specific cell types. In addition, two-photon excitation spinning-disk confocal microscopy enabled us to image constriction of the contractile ring in live cells in a three-dimensional manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kohei Otomo
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Ishihara
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hisashi Haga
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Akira Nagasaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8562, Japan
| | - Yota Murakami
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
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33
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Kiyonari H, Kaneko M, Abe T, Shioi G, Aizawa S, Furuta Y, Fujimori T. Dynamic organelle localization and cytoskeletal reorganization during preimplantation mouse embryo development revealed by live imaging of genetically encoded fluorescent fusion proteins. Genesis 2019; 57:e23277. [PMID: 30597711 PMCID: PMC6590263 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Live imaging is one of the most powerful technologies for studying the behaviors of cells and molecules in living embryos. Previously, we established a series of reporter mouse lines in which specific organelles are labeled with various fluorescent proteins. In this study, we examined the localizations of fluorescent signals during preimplantation development of these mouse lines, as well as a newly established one, by time‐lapse imaging. Each organelle was specifically marked with fluorescent fusion proteins; fluorescent signals were clearly visible during the whole period of time‐lapse observation, and the expression of the reporters did not affect embryonic development. We found that some organelles dramatically change their sub‐cellular distributions during preimplantation stages. In addition, by crossing mouse lines carrying reporters of two distinct colors, we could simultaneously visualize two types of organelles. These results confirm that our reporter mouse lines can be valuable genetic tools for live imaging of embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resource Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Laboratory for Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Laboratory for Animal Resource Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Laboratory for Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resource Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Laboratory for Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Go Shioi
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinichi Aizawa
- Laboratory for Animal Resource Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Furuta
- Laboratory for Animal Resource Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Laboratory for Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), Okazaki, Japan
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34
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Yoshida E, Terada SI, Tanaka YH, Kobayashi K, Ohkura M, Nakai J, Matsuzaki M. In vivo wide-field calcium imaging of mouse thalamocortical synapses with an 8 K ultra-high-definition camera. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8324. [PMID: 29844612 PMCID: PMC5974322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo wide-field imaging of neural activity with a high spatio-temporal resolution is a challenge in modern neuroscience. Although two-photon imaging is very powerful, high-speed imaging of the activity of individual synapses is mostly limited to a field of approximately 200 µm on a side. Wide-field one-photon epifluorescence imaging can reveal neuronal activity over a field of ≥1 mm2 at a high speed, but is not able to resolve a single synapse. Here, to achieve a high spatio-temporal resolution, we combine an 8 K ultra-high-definition camera with spinning-disk one-photon confocal microscopy. This combination allowed us to image a 1 mm2 field with a pixel resolution of 0.21 µm at 60 fps. When we imaged motor cortical layer 1 in a behaving head-restrained mouse, calcium transients were detected in presynaptic boutons of thalamocortical axons sparsely labeled with GCaMP6s, although their density was lower than when two-photon imaging was used. The effects of out-of-focus fluorescence changes on calcium transients in individual boutons appeared minimal. Axonal boutons with highly correlated activity were detected over the 1 mm2 field, and were probably distributed on multiple axonal arbors originating from the same thalamic neuron. This new microscopy with an 8 K ultra-high-definition camera should serve to clarify the activity and plasticity of widely distributed cortical synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Yoshida
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Terada
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyo H Tanaka
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masamichi Ohkura
- Brain and Body System Science Institute, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Junichi Nakai
- Brain and Body System Science Institute, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Szulzycki K, Savaryn V, Grulkowski I. Rapid acousto-optic focus tuning for improvement of imaging performance in confocal microscopy [Invited]. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:C14-C18. [PMID: 29714267 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.000c14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the application of focus-tunable acousto-optic lens technology in confocal microscopy for a high-speed axial scanning of the object. The advantages of the proposed approach include high axial scan rate, no mechanical sample movement, no additional non-symmetric aberrations, and the control of the effective depth of focus. The acousto-optic lens operating at the focus tuning rate of 300 kHz is developed and implemented in scanning laser confocal microscopy. The performance of the instrumentation is presented using test targets. Rapid focus tuning may enhance in vivo three-dimensional imaging in confocal microscopy.
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Nobis M, Warren SC, Lucas MC, Murphy KJ, Herrmann D, Timpson P. Molecular mobility and activity in an intravital imaging setting - implications for cancer progression and targeting. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/5/jcs206995. [PMID: 29511095 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.206995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mobility, localisation and spatiotemporal activity are at the core of cell biological processes and deregulation of these dynamic events can underpin disease development and progression. Recent advances in intravital imaging techniques in mice are providing new avenues to study real-time molecular behaviour in intact tissues within a live organism and to gain exciting insights into the intricate regulation of live cell biology at the microscale level. The monitoring of fluorescently labelled proteins and agents can be combined with autofluorescent properties of the microenvironment to provide a comprehensive snapshot of in vivo cell biology. In this Review, we summarise recent intravital microscopy approaches in mice, in processes ranging from normal development and homeostasis to disease progression and treatment in cancer, where we emphasise the utility of intravital imaging to observe dynamic and transient events in vivo We also highlight the recent integration of advanced subcellular imaging techniques into the intravital imaging pipeline, which can provide in-depth biological information beyond the single-cell level. We conclude with an outlook of ongoing developments in intravital microscopy towards imaging in humans, as well as provide an overview of the challenges the intravital imaging community currently faces and outline potential ways for overcoming these hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Nobis
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sean C Warren
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Morghan C Lucas
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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Shitashima Y, Shimozawa T, Kumagai A, Miyawaki A, Asahi T. Two Distinct Fluorescence States of the Ligand-Induced Green Fluorescent Protein UnaG. Biophys J 2018; 113:2805-2814. [PMID: 29262373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
UnaG is a recently discovered ligand-induced fluorescent protein that utilizes bound bilirubin (BR) as its fluorophore. The fluorescence of the UnaG-BR complex (holoUnaG) compares in quantum efficiency to that of enhanced green fluorescent protein, but it is superior in that the fluorophore formation is instantaneous and not dependent on oxygen; hence, much attention has been paid to UnaG as a new fluorescent probe. However, many important molecular properties of fluorescent probes remain unknown, such as the association/dissociation rates of BR, which determine the stability thereof, and the dispersibility of UnaG in aqueous solutions, which influence the functions of labeled proteins. In this study, we found, in the process of investigating the association rate, that the holoUnaG takes two distinct fluorescence states, which we named holoUnaG1 and holoUnaG2. The holoUnaG1 initially forms after binding BR and then changes to the brighter holoUnaG2 by a reversible intra-molecular reaction, thereby finally reaching an equilibrium between the two states. Spectroscopic analysis indicated that the intra-molecular reaction was associated not with a chemical change of BR but with a change in the environmental conditions surrounding BR. We also revealed that the molecular brightness ratio and equilibrium population ratio of the two states (holoUnaG1/holoUnaG2) were 1:3.9 and 6:4, respectively, using photon number counting analysis. From these results, we have suggested a novel schema, to our knowledge, for the formation of the UnaG and BR complex system and have determined the various rate constants associated therein. Additionally, using analytical ultracentrifugation, we established that UnaG in the apo-state (apoUnaG) and the holoUnaG are monomeric in aqueous solution. These findings provide not only key information for the practical use of UnaG as a fluorescent probe, but also the possibility for development of a brighter UnaG mutant by genetic engineering to constitutive holoUnaG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Shitashima
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Togo Shimozawa
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kumagai
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Miller MA, Weissleder R. Imaging the pharmacology of nanomaterials by intravital microscopy: Toward understanding their biological behavior. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:61-86. [PMID: 27266447 PMCID: PMC5136524 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs) can deliver cytotoxic chemotherapeutics and other drugs more safely and efficiently to patients; furthermore, selective delivery to target tissues can theoretically be accomplished actively through coating NPs with molecular ligands, and passively through exploiting physiological "enhanced permeability and retention" features. However, clinical trial results have been mixed in showing improved efficacy with drug nanoencapsulation, largely due to heterogeneous NP accumulation at target sites across patients. Thus, a clear need exists to better understand why many NP strategies fail in vivo and not result in significantly improved tumor uptake or therapeutic response. Multicolor in vivo confocal fluorescence imaging (intravital microscopy; IVM) enables integrated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) measurement at the single-cell level, and has helped answer key questions regarding the biological mechanisms of in vivo NP behavior. This review summarizes progress to date and also describes useful technical strategies for successful IVM experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles A Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Yang Y, Yao B, Lei M, Dan D, Li R, Horn MV, Chen X, Li Y, Ye T. Two-Photon Laser Scanning Stereomicroscopy for Fast Volumetric Imaging. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168885. [PMID: 27997624 PMCID: PMC5173245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bessel beams have been successfully used in two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy to extend the depth of field (EDF), which makes it possible to observe fast events volumetrically. However, the depth information is lost due to integration of fluorescence signals along the propagation direction. We describe the design and implementation of two-photon lasers scanning stereomicroscopy, which allows viewing dynamic processes in three-dimensional (3D) space stereoscopically in real-time with shutter glasses at the speed of 1.4 volumes per second. The depth information can be appreciated by human visual system or be recovered with correspondence algorithms for some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China
| | - Baoli Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (BY); (TY)
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China
| | - Dan Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China
| | - Runze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China
| | - Mark Van Horn
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and The Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Bioengineering and The Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tong Ye
- Department of Bioengineering and The Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BY); (TY)
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40
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Rouger V, Alchini R, Kazarine A, Gopal AA, Girouard MP, Fournier AE, Wiseman PW. Low-cost multimodal light sheet microscopy for optically cleared tissues and living specimens. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:126008. [PMID: 27999866 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.12.126008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Light sheet microscopy techniques have expanded with designs to address many new applications. Due to rapid advancements in computing power, camera/detector technologies, and tissue clearing techniques, light sheet methods are becoming increasingly popular for biomedical imaging applications at the cellular and tissue levels. Light sheet imaging modalities couple rapid imaging rates, low-levels of phototoxicity, and excellent signal to noise ratios, contributing to their popularity for experimental biology. However, the current major limitation of light sheet microscopy arises from optical aberrations, with the main drawback being the defocusing introduced by refractive index variations that accompany clearing techniques. Here, we propose an inexpensive and easy to build light sheet based instrumentation to overcome this limitation by optomechanically decoupling the sample scanning movement from the detection step. Our solution is relatively simple to implement and also provides increased modularity by using a swappable excitation arm. This expands the range of samples we can image on a single system, from high resolution for single cells at ? m spatial resolution, to tissues with mm spatial resolution. We demonstrate our approach, using the system to image iDISCO cleared embryos and sciatic nerves, and provide the full three-dimensional reconstruction of these objects in minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Rouger
- McGill University, Department of Chemistry, 801 Sherbrooke Street, West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Ricardo Alchini
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexei Kazarine
- McGill University, Department of Chemistry, 801 Sherbrooke Street, West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Angelica A Gopal
- McGill University, Department of Chemistry, 801 Sherbrooke Street, West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Girouard
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alyson E Fournier
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Paul W Wiseman
- McGill University, Department of Chemistry, 801 Sherbrooke Street, West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, CanadacMcGill University, Department of Physics, 3600 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
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41
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Levario TJ, Lim B, Shvartsman SY, Lu H. Microfluidics for High-Throughput Quantitative Studies of Early Development. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2016; 18:285-309. [PMID: 26928208 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-100515-013926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Developmental biology has traditionally relied on qualitative analyses; recently, however, as in other fields of biology, researchers have become increasingly interested in acquiring quantitative knowledge about embryogenesis. Advances in fluorescence microscopy are enabling high-content imaging in live specimens. At the same time, microfluidics and automation technologies are increasing experimental throughput for studies of multicellular models of development. Furthermore, computer vision methods for processing and analyzing bioimage data are now leading the way toward quantitative biology. Here, we review advances in the areas of fluorescence microscopy, microfluidics, and data analysis that are instrumental to performing high-content, high-throughput studies in biology and specifically in development. We discuss a case study of how these techniques have allowed quantitative analysis and modeling of pattern formation in the Drosophila embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Levario
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332;
| | - Bomyi Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544;
| | - Stanislav Y Shvartsman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544;
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332;
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42
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Follain G, Mercier L, Osmani N, Harlepp S, Goetz JG. Seeing is believing: multi-scale spatio-temporal imaging towards in vivo cell biology. J Cell Sci 2016; 130:23-38. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.189001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Life is driven by a set of biological events that are naturally dynamic and tightly orchestrated from the single molecule to entire organisms. Although biochemistry and molecular biology have been essential in deciphering signaling at a cellular and organismal level, biological imaging has been instrumental for unraveling life processes across multiple scales. Imaging methods have considerably improved over the past decades and now allow to grasp the inner workings of proteins, organelles, cells, organs and whole organisms. Not only do they allow us to visualize these events in their most-relevant context but also to accurately quantify underlying biomechanical features and, so, provide essential information for their understanding. In this Commentary, we review a palette of imaging (and biophysical) methods that are available to the scientific community for elucidating a wide array of biological events. We cover the most-recent developments in intravital imaging, light-sheet microscopy, super-resolution imaging, and correlative light and electron microscopy. In addition, we illustrate how these technologies have led to important insights in cell biology, from the molecular to the whole-organism resolution. Altogether, this review offers a snapshot of the current and state-of-the-art imaging methods that will contribute to the understanding of life and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Follain
- Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Luc Mercier
- Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Naël Osmani
- Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Sébastien Harlepp
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
- DON: Optique ultrarapide et nanophotonique, IPCMS UMR7504, Strasbourg 67000, France
- LabEx NIE, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Jacky G. Goetz
- Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg F-67000, France
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Yamanaka M, Saito K, Smith NI, Arai Y, Uegaki K, Yonemaru Y, Mochizuki K, Kawata S, Nagai T, Fujita K. Visible-wavelength two-photon excitation microscopy for fluorescent protein imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:101202. [PMID: 26238663 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.10.101202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous observation of multiple fluorescent proteins (FPs) by optical microscopy is revealing mechanisms by which proteins and organelles control a variety of cellular functions. Here we show the use of visible-light based two-photon excitation for simultaneously imaging multiple FPs. We demonstrated that multiple fluorescent targets can be concurrently excited by the absorption of two photons from the visible wavelength range and can be applied in multicolor fluorescence imaging. The technique also allows simultaneous single-photon excitation to offer simultaneous excitation of FPs across the entire range of visible wavelengths from a single excitation source. The calculation of point spread functions shows that the visible-wavelength two-photon excitation provides the fundamental improvement of spatial resolution compared to conventional confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Yamanaka
- Osaka University, Department of Applied Physics, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenta Saito
- Osaka University, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nicholas I Smith
- Osaka University, Immunology Frontier Research Center, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Arai
- Osaka University, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kumiko Uegaki
- Osaka University, Department of Applied Physics, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yonemaru
- Osaka University, Department of Applied Physics, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mochizuki
- Osaka University, Department of Applied Physics, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawata
- Osaka University, Department of Applied Physics, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- Osaka University, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Osaka University, Department of Applied Physics, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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44
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Azuma T, Kei T. Super-resolution spinning-disk confocal microscopy using optical photon reassignment. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:15003-11. [PMID: 26072856 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinning-disk confocal microscopy is a proven technology for investigating 3D structures of biological specimens. Here we report a super-resolution method based on spinning-disk confocal microscopy that optically improves lateral resolution by a factor of 1.37 with a single exposure. Moreover, deconvolution yields twofold improvement over the diffraction limit. With the help of newly modified Nipkow disk which comprises pinholes and micro-lenses on the front and back respectively, emitted photons from specimen can be optically reassigned to the most probable locations they originate from. Consequently, the improvement in resolution is achieved preserving inherent sectioning capabilities of confocal microscopy. This extremely simple implementation will enable reliable observations at super high resolution in biomedical routine research.
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45
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Hayashi S, Okada Y. Ultrafast superresolution fluorescence imaging with spinning disk confocal microscope optics. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1743-51. [PMID: 25717185 PMCID: PMC4436784 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-08-1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most current superresolution (SR) microscope techniques surpass the diffraction limit at the expense of temporal resolution, compromising their applications to live-cell imaging. Here we describe a new SR fluorescence microscope based on confocal microscope optics, which we name the spinning disk superresolution microscope (SDSRM). Theoretically, the SDSRM is equivalent to a structured illumination microscope (SIM) and achieves a spatial resolution of 120 nm, double that of the diffraction limit of wide-field fluorescence microscopy. However, the SDSRM is 10 times faster than a conventional SIM because SR signals are recovered by optical demodulation through the stripe pattern of the disk. Therefore a single SR image requires only a single averaged image through the rotating disk. On the basis of this theory, we modified a commercial spinning disk confocal microscope. The improved resolution around 120 nm was confirmed with biological samples. The rapid dynamics of micro-tubules, mitochondria, lysosomes, and endosomes were observed with temporal resolutions of 30-100 frames/s. Because our method requires only small optical modifications, it will enable an easy upgrade from an existing spinning disk confocal to a SR microscope for live-cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Hayashi
- Products Development Department 6, R&D Division, Olympus Corporation, 2951 Ishikawa-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8507, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okada
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity Regulation, Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
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46
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Otomo K, Hibi T, Murata T, Watanabe H, Kawakami R, Nakayama H, Hasebe M, Nemoto T. Multi-point scanning two-photon excitation microscopy by utilizing a high-peak-power 1042-nm laser. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:307-13. [PMID: 25864674 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The temporal resolution of a two-photon excitation laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) system is limited by the excitation laser beam's scanning speed. To improve the temporal resolution, the TPLSM system is equipped with a spinning-disk confocal scanning unit. However, the insufficient energy of a conventional Ti:sapphire laser source restricts the field of view (FOV) for TPLSM images to a narrow region. Therefore, we introduced a high-peak-power Yb-based laser in order to enlarge the FOV. This system provided three-dimensional imaging of a sufficiently deep and wide region of fixed mouse brain slices, clear four-dimensional imaging of actin dynamics in live mammalian cells and microtubule dynamics during mitosis and cytokinesis in live plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Otomo
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University
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47
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Nemoto T, Kawakami R, Hibi T, Iijima K, Otomo K. Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy and its application in functional connectomics. Microscopy (Oxf) 2014; 64:9-15. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfu110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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48
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Chen BC, Legant WR, Wang K, Shao L, Milkie DE, Davidson MW, Janetopoulos C, Wu XS, Hammer JA, Liu Z, English BP, Mimori-Kiyosue Y, Romero DP, Ritter AT, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Fritz-Laylin L, Mullins RD, Mitchell DM, Bembenek JN, Reymann AC, Böhme R, Grill SW, Wang JT, Seydoux G, Tulu US, Kiehart DP, Betzig E. Lattice light-sheet microscopy: imaging molecules to embryos at high spatiotemporal resolution. Science 2014; 346:1257998. [PMID: 25342811 DOI: 10.1126/science.1257998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1135] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although fluorescence microscopy provides a crucial window into the physiology of living specimens, many biological processes are too fragile, are too small, or occur too rapidly to see clearly with existing tools. We crafted ultrathin light sheets from two-dimensional optical lattices that allowed us to image three-dimensional (3D) dynamics for hundreds of volumes, often at subsecond intervals, at the diffraction limit and beyond. We applied this to systems spanning four orders of magnitude in space and time, including the diffusion of single transcription factor molecules in stem cell spheroids, the dynamic instability of mitotic microtubules, the immunological synapse, neutrophil motility in a 3D matrix, and embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. The results provide a visceral reminder of the beauty and the complexity of living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Chang Chen
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Wesley R Legant
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Lin Shao
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Daniel E Milkie
- Coleman Technologies, Incorporated, Newtown Square, PA 19073, USA
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Chris Janetopoulos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xufeng S Wu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John A Hammer
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhe Liu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Brian P English
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Yuko Mimori-Kiyosue
- Optical Image Analysis Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Daniel P Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alex T Ritter
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| | - Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lillian Fritz-Laylin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - R Dyche Mullins
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Diana M Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Joshua N Bembenek
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Anne-Cecile Reymann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany. Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralph Böhme
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany. Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan W Grill
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany. Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jennifer T Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Geraldine Seydoux
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - U Serdar Tulu
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Eric Betzig
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
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Thunemann M, Schmidt K, de Wit C, Han X, Jain RK, Fukumura D, Feil R. Correlative intravital imaging of cGMP signals and vasodilation in mice. Front Physiol 2014; 5:394. [PMID: 25352809 PMCID: PMC4196583 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is an important signaling molecule and drug target in the cardiovascular system. It is well known that stimulation of the vascular nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP pathway results in vasodilation. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of cGMP signals themselves and the cGMP concentrations within specific cardiovascular cell types in health, disease, and during pharmacotherapy with cGMP-elevating drugs are largely unknown. To facilitate the analysis of cGMP signaling in vivo, we have generated transgenic mice that express fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cGMP sensor proteins. Here, we describe two models of intravital FRET/cGMP imaging in the vasculature of cGMP sensor mice: (1) epifluorescence-based ratio imaging in resistance-type vessels of the cremaster muscle and (2) ratio imaging by multiphoton microscopy within the walls of subcutaneous blood vessels accessed through a dorsal skinfold chamber. Both methods allow simultaneous monitoring of NO-induced cGMP transients and vasodilation in living mice. Detailed protocols of all steps necessary to perform and evaluate intravital imaging experiments of the vasculature of anesthetized mice including surgery, imaging, and data evaluation are provided. An image segmentation approach is described to estimate FRET/cGMP changes within moving structures such as the vessel wall during vasodilation. The methods presented herein should be useful to visualize cGMP or other biochemical signals that are detectable with FRET-based biosensors, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate or Ca2+, and to correlate them with respective vascular responses. With further refinement and combination of transgenic mouse models and intravital imaging technologies, we envision an exciting future, in which we are able to “watch” biochemistry, (patho-)physiology, and pharmacotherapy in the context of a living mammalian organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thunemann
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Cor de Wit
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck Lübeck, Germany
| | - Xiaoxing Han
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
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50
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DeWitt M, Schenkel T, Yildiz A. Fluorescence tracking of motor proteins in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 105:211-34. [PMID: 25095997 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0856-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Motor proteins convert the chemical energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis into directed movement along filamentous tracks, such as DNA, microtubule, and actin. The motile properties of motors are essential to their wide variety of cellular functions, including cargo transport, mitosis, cell motility, nuclear positioning, and ciliogenesis. Detailed understanding of the biophysical mechanisms of motor motility is therefore essential to understanding the physical basis of these processes. In which direction is the motor going? How fast and how far can a single motor walk down its track? How is ATP hydrolysis coupled to directed motion? How do multiple subunits of a motor coordinate with each other during motility? These questions can be addressed directly by tracking motors at a single-molecule level. This chapter will focus on high-resolution fluorescence tracking techniques of the processive cytoskeletal motors: myosins, kinesins, and cytoplasmic dynein. We outline the theoretical and practical considerations for studying these motors in vitro using fluorescence tracking at nanometer precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark DeWitt
- Biophysics Graduate Group and Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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