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Shimai R, Hanafusa K, Nakayama H, Oshima E, Kato M, Kano K, Matsuo I, Miyazaki T, Tokano T, Hirabayashi Y, Iwabuchi K, Minamino T. Lysophosphatidylglucoside/GPR55 signaling promotes foam cell formation in human M2c macrophages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12740. [PMID: 37544935 PMCID: PMC10404585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cerebral and cardiovascular diseases. Intravascular plaques, a well-known pathological finding of atherosclerosis, have a necrotic core composed of macrophages and dead cells. Intraplaque macrophages, which are classified into various subtypes, play key roles in maintenance of normal cellular microenvironment. Excessive uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein causes conversion of macrophages to foam cells, and consequent progression/exacerbation of atherosclerosis. G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) signaling has been reported to associate with atherosclerosis progression. We demonstrated recently that lysophosphatidylglucoside (lysoPtdGlc) is a specific ligand of GPR55, although in general physiological ligands of GPR55 are poorly understood. Phosphatidylglucoside is expressed on human monocytes and can be converted to lysoPtdGlc. In the present study, we examined possible involvement of lysoPtdGlc/GPR55 signaling in foam cell formation. In monocyte-derived M2c macrophages, lysoPtdGlc/GPR55 signaling inhibited translocation of ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 to plasma membrane, and cholesterol efflux. Such inhibitory effect was reversed by GPR55 antagonist ML193. LysoPtdGlc/GPR55 signaling in M2c macrophages was involved in excessive lipid accumulation, thereby promoting foam cell formation. Our findings suggest that lysoPtdGlc/GPR55 signaling is a potential therapeutic target for inhibition of atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Shimai
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Kei Hanafusa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakayama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
- Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, 2-5-1 Takasu, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Eriko Oshima
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Masaki Kato
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Koki Kano
- Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Miyazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokano
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.
- Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, 2-5-1 Takasu, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.
- Preparation Office for Establishment of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Juntendo University, 6-8-1 Hinode , Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0013, Japan.
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Matsushima M, Nose H, Tsuzuki H, Takekoshi M, Kusatsugu Y, Taniguchi H, Ohdachi T, Hashimoto N, Sato M, Kawabe T. Decrease in cholesterol in the cell membrane is essential for Nrf2 activation by quercetin. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 116:109329. [PMID: 36958420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid with various cytoprotective effects. We previously reported that quercetin exerts anti-allergic, anti-oxidative, and anti-fibrotic activities via the induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1. However, the mechanisms by which quercetin induces HO-1 to exhibit cytoprotective effects are poorly understood. We focused on its action on the cell membrane, which is the first part of the cell to interact with the extracellular environment. The cell membrane contains lipid rafts and caveolae, which play important roles in cellular signaling. A recent study showed that nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor regulating anti-oxidative enzymes including HO-1, interacts with caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a component of caveolae, to regulate cellular anti-oxidative capacity. In this study, we investigated the changes in the cell membrane that leads to the induction of HO-1 by quercetin. Quercetin decreased the amount of cholesterol in the raft fractions, which in turn promoted the induction of HO-1. It also changed the composition of the lipid rafts and decreased and increased the expression of Cav-1 in the raft and non-raft fractions, respectively. Nrf2, which was localized in the cell membrane under resting conditions, was translocated along with Cav-1 to the nucleus after exposure to quercetin. These findings indicate for the first time that the HO-1-dependent cytoprotective effects of quercetin are mediated by the structural changes in lipid rafts brought about by decreasing the amount of cholesterol in the cell membrane, which thereby results in the translocation of the Cav-1-Nrf2 complex to the nucleus and induces the expression of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoko Matsushima
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Omics Health Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System
| | - Haruka Nose
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Omics Health Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System
| | - Hikaru Tsuzuki
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Omics Health Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System
| | - Masahiro Takekoshi
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Omics Health Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System
| | - Yuto Kusatsugu
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Omics Health Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System
| | - Hinata Taniguchi
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Omics Health Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System
| | - Tomoko Ohdachi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System
| | - Naozumi Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System
| | - Mitsuo Sato
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Omics Health Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System
| | - Tsutomu Kawabe
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Omics Health Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System.
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Murate M, Kobayashi T. Distribution of Glycolipids in the Plasma Membrane Monitored by Specific Probes in Combination with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Digested Freeze-Fracture Replica Labeling (SDS-FRL). Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2613:189-202. [PMID: 36587080 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycolipids are mainly distributed in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and are involved in cellular signaling by modulating the activity of cell surface receptor proteins. Glycolipids themselves also work as cell surface receptors of bacterial toxins. Anti-glycolipid antibodies are associated with various pathological conditions. The cellular distribution of glycolipids has been studied using specific toxins or antibodies. However, these proteins are multivalent and thus potentially induce the artificial aggregation of glycolipids. Since chemical fixative such as paraformaldehyde does not fix glycolipids, an alternative methodology is required to localize glycolipids with multivalent probes. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling (SDS-FRL) physically fixes glycolipids on the cast after quick freezing. Thus, SDS-FRL provides the opportunity to observe the natural distribution of glycolipids using multivalent probes. Here, we describe the application of SDS-FRL on the cell surface distribution of phosphatidylglucoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohide Murate
- Support Unit for Electron Microscopy Techniques, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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4
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A comprehensive review on natural occurrence, synthesis and biological activities of glycolipids. Carbohydr Res 2022; 516:108556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Yokoyama N, Hanafusa K, Hotta T, Oshima E, Iwabuchi K, Nakayama H. Multiplicity of Glycosphingolipid-Enriched Microdomain-Driven Immune Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9565. [PMID: 34502474 PMCID: PMC8430928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs), together with cholesterol, sphingomyelin (SM), and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored and membrane-associated signal transduction molecules, form GSL-enriched microdomains. These specialized microdomains interact in a cis manner with various immune receptors, affecting immune receptor-mediated signaling. This, in turn, results in the regulation of a broad range of immunological functions, including phagocytosis, cytokine production, antigen presentation and apoptosis. In addition, GSLs alone can regulate immunological functions by acting as ligands for immune receptors, and exogenous GSLs can alter the organization of microdomains and microdomain-associated signaling. Many pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and fungi, enter host cells by binding to GSL-enriched microdomains. Intracellular pathogens survive inside phagocytes by manipulating intracellular microdomain-driven signaling and/or sphingolipid metabolism pathways. This review describes the mechanisms by which GSL-enriched microdomains regulate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Yokoyama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Kei Hanafusa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Tomomi Hotta
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Eriko Oshima
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan
- Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakayama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan
- Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan
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6
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Kano K, Ishii N, Hirabayashi Y, Kamiguchi H, Greimel P, Matsuo I. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of
Lyso
‐phosphatidyl β‐D‐Glucoside. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Gunma University 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho Kiryu Gunma 376-8515 Japan
| | - Nozomi Ishii
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Gunma University 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho Kiryu Gunma 376-8515 Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Urayasu Chiba 279-0021 Japan
| | | | - Peter Greimel
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Gunma University 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho Kiryu Gunma 376-8515 Japan
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Li X, Hanafusa K, Kage M, Yokoyama N, Nakayama H, Hotta T, Oshima E, Kano K, Matsuo I, Nagatsuka Y, Takamori K, Ogawa H, Hirabayashi Y, Iwabuchi K. Lysophosphatidylglucoside is a GPR55 -mediated chemotactic molecule for human monocytes and macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 569:86-92. [PMID: 34237432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils undergo spontaneous apoptosis within 24-48 h after leaving bone marrow. Apoptotic neutrophils are subsequently phagocytosed and cleared by macrophages, thereby maintaining neutrophil homeostasis. Previous studies have demonstrated involvement of lysophosphatidylglucoside (lysoPtdGlc), a degradation product of PtdGlc, in modality-specific repulsive guidance of spinal sensory axons, via its specific receptor GPR55. In the present study, using human monocytic cell line THP-1 as a model, we demonstrated that lysoPtdGlc induces monocyte/macrophage migration with typical bell-haped curve and a peak at concentration 10-9 M. Lysophosphatidylinositol (lysoPtdIns), a known GPR55 ligand, induced migration at higher concentration (10-7 M). LysoPtdGlc-treated cells had a polarized shape, whereas lysoPtdIns-treated cells had a spherical shape. In EZ-TAXIScan (chemotaxis) assay, lysoPtdGlc induced chemotactic migration activity of THP-1 cells, while lysoPtdIns induced random migration activity. GPR55 antagonist ML193 inhibited lysoPtdGlc-induced THP-1 cell migration, whereas lysoPtdIns-induced migration was inhibited by CB2-receptor inverse agonist. SiRNA experiments showed that GPR55 mediated lysoPtdGlc-induced migration, while lysoPtdIns-induced migration was mediated by CB2 receptor. Our findings, taken together, suggest that lysoPtdGlc functions as a chemotactic molecule for human monocytes/macrophages via GPR55 receptor, while lysoPtdIns induces random migration activity via CB2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Li
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Kei Hanafusa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Madoka Kage
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Noriko Yokoyama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakayama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hotta
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Eriko Oshima
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Koki Kano
- Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yasuko Nagatsuka
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kenji Takamori
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan.
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8
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Liu Y, Liu J, Cong P, Zhang T, Xue C, Xu J, Wang Y, Mao X, Wang J. Exogenous phosphatidylglucoside alleviates cognitive impairment by improvement of neuroinflammation, and neurotrophin signaling. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e332. [PMID: 33783996 PMCID: PMC8002902 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peixu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.,Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.,Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Hanafusa K, Hotta T, Iwabuchi K. Glycolipids: Linchpins in the Organization and Function of Membrane Microdomains. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:589799. [PMID: 33195253 PMCID: PMC7658261 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.589799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane microdomains, also called lipid rafts, are areas on membrane enriched in glycolipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol. Although membrane microdomains are thought to play key roles in many cellular functions, their structures, properties, and biological functions remain obscure. Cellular membranes contain several types of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and other lipids, including cholesterol, glycerophospholipids, and sphingomyelin. Depending on their physicochemical properties, especially the characteristics of their glycolipids, various microdomains form on these cell membranes, providing structural or functional contextures thought to be essential for biological activities. For example, the plasma membranes of human neutrophils are enriched in lactosylceramide (LacCer) and phosphatidylglucoside (PtdGlc), each of which forms different membrane microdomains with different surrounding molecules and is involved in different functions of neutrophils. Specifically, LacCer forms Lyn-coupled lipid microdomains, which mediate neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and superoxide generation, whereas PtdGlc-enriched microdomains mediate neutrophil differentiation and spontaneous apoptosis. However, the mechanisms by which these glycolipids form different nano/meso microdomains and mediate their specialized functions remain incompletely understood. This review describes current understanding of the roles of glycolipids and sphingolipids in their enriched contextures on cellular membranes, including their mechanisms of facilitation and regulation of intracellular signaling. This review also introduces new concepts about the roles of glycolipid and sphingolipid-dependent contextures in immunological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hanafusa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hotta
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Japan
- Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Japan
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10
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Inoue A, Adachi M, Damnjanović J, Nakano H, Iwasaki Y. Direct Enzymatic Synthesis of 1-Phosphatidyl-β-D-glucose by Engineered Phospholipase D. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology; Department of Bioengineering Sciences; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Masaatsu Adachi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Jasmina Damnjanović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology; Department of Bioengineering Sciences; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hideo Nakano
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology; Department of Bioengineering Sciences; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Yugo Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology; Department of Bioengineering Sciences; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
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11
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Murate M, Kobayashi T. Revisiting transbilayer distribution of lipids in the plasma membrane. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 194:58-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Role of GPR55 during Axon Growth and Target Innervation. eNeuro 2015; 2:eN-NWR-0011-15. [PMID: 26730399 PMCID: PMC4699829 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0011-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Guidance molecules regulate the navigation of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) projections toward targets in the visual thalamus. In this study, we demonstrate that the G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is expressed in the retina during development, and regulates growth cone (GC) morphology and axon growth. In vitro, neurons obtained from gpr55 knock-out (gpr55-/-) mouse embryos have smaller GCs, less GC filopodia, and have a decreased outgrowth compared with gpr55+/+ neurons. When gpr55+/+ neurons were treated with GPR55 agonists, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) and O-1602, we observed a chemo-attractive effect and an increase in GC size and filopodia number. In contrast, cannabidiol (CBD) decreased the GC size and filopodia number inducing chemo-repulsion. In absence of the receptor (gpr55-/-), no pharmacologic effects of the GPR55 ligands were observed. In vivo, compared to their wild-type (WT) littermates, gpr55-/- mice revealed a decreased branching in the dorsal terminal nucleus (DTN) and a lower level of eye-specific segregation of retinal projections in the superior colliculus (SC) and in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). Moreover, a single intraocular injection of LPI increased branching in the DTN, whereas treatment with CBD, an antagonist of GPR55, decreased it. These results indicate that GPR55 modulates the growth rate and the targets innervation of retinal projections and highlight, for the first time, an important role of GPR55 in axon refinement during development.
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Guy AT, Nagatsuka Y, Ooashi N, Inoue M, Nakata A, Greimel P, Inoue A, Nabetani T, Murayama A, Ohta K, Ito Y, Aoki J, Hirabayashi Y, Kamiguchi H. Glycerophospholipid regulation of modality-specific sensory axon guidance in the spinal cord. Science 2015; 349:974-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aab3516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ekyalongo RC, Nakayama H, Kina K, Kaga N, Iwabuchi K. Organization and functions of glycolipid-enriched microdomains in phagocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:90-7. [PMID: 24968752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Populations of glycolipids change markedly during leukocyte differentiation, suggesting that these molecules are involved in biological functions. About 70% of the glycosphingolipids in human neutrophils are lactosylceramide, a molecule also expressed on monocytes and dendritic cells, but not on lymphocytes. In contrast, phosphatidylglucoside is mainly expressed on neutrophils. STED microscopic analysis showed that phosphatidylglucoside and lactosylceramide form different domains on plasma membranes of neutrophils, with phosphatidylglucoside preferentially expressed along the neutrophil differentiation pathway. Phosphatidylglucoside was found to mediate the differentiation of HL-60 cells into the neutrophilic lineage, and to be involved in FAS-dependent neutrophil apoptosis. In contrast, lactosylceramide was only expressed on mature neutrophils. Complexes of lactosylceramide and the Src family kinase Lyn form membrane microdomains. LacCer-enriched membrane microdomains mediate neutrophil innate immune responses; e.g. chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and superoxide generation. C24 fatty acid chains of LacCer are indispensable for the formation of LacCer-Lyn complexes and for LacCer-dependent functions. Moreover, Lyn-coupled LacCer-enriched microdomains serve as signal transduction platforms for αMβ2 integrin-mediated phagocytosis. This review describes the organization and potential functions of glycolipids in phagocytes, as well as the roles of both phosphatidylglucoside and lactosylceramide in neutrophils. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Linking transcription to physiology in lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roudy C Ekyalongo
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakayama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Health Care and Nursing, Japan
| | - Katsunari Kina
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaga
- Division of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, BioMedical Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Health Care and Nursing, Japan; Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Japan.
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Glycolipid and Glycoprotein Expression During Neural Development. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 9:185-222. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Ishibashi Y, Kohyama-Koganeya A, Hirabayashi Y. New insights on glucosylated lipids: metabolism and functions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1475-85. [PMID: 23770033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide, cholesterol, and phosphatidic acid are major basic structures for cell membrane lipids. These lipids are modified with glucose to generate glucosylceramide (GlcCer), cholesterylglucoside (ChlGlc), and phosphatidylglucoside (PtdGlc), respectively. Glucosylation dramatically changes the functional properties of lipids. For instance, ceramide acts as a strong tumor suppressor that causes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, while GlcCer has an opposite effect, downregulating ceramide activities. All glucosylated lipids are enriched in lipid rafts or microdomains and play fundamental roles in a variety of cellular processes. In this review, we discuss the biological functions and metabolism of these three glucosylated lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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Kawabori M, Kacimi R, Karliner JS, Yenari MA. Sphingolipids in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems: Pathological implications and potential therapeutic targets. World J Cardiol 2013; 5:75-86. [PMID: 23675553 PMCID: PMC3653015 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v5.i4.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipid metabolites ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its enzyme sphingosine kinase (SphK) play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, inflammation, and cell death. Ceramide and sphingosine usually inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis, while its metabolite S1P phosphorylated by SphK stimulates growth and suppresses apoptosis. Because these metabolites are interconvertible, it has been proposed that it is not the absolute amounts of these metabolites but rather their relative levels that determine cell fate. The relevance of this “sphingolipid rheostat” and its role in regulating cell fate has been borne out by work in many labs using many different cell types and experimental manipulations. A central finding of these studies is that SphK is a critical regulator of the sphingolipid rheostat, as it not only produces the pro-growth, anti-apoptotic messenger S1P, but also decreases levels of pro-apoptotic ceramide and sphingosine. Activation of bioactive sphingolipid S1P signaling has emerged as a critical protective pathway in response to acute ischemic injury in both cardiac and cerebrovascular disease, and these observations have considerable relevance for future potential therapeutic targets.
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Phosphatidylglucoside: Its structure, thermal behavior, and domain formation in plasma membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:197-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kina K, Masuda H, Nakayama H, Iwahara C, Nagatsuka Y, Hirabayashi Y, Ogawa H, Takamori K, Iwabuchi K. The novel neutrophil differentiation marker phosphatidylglucoside is involved in Fas-dependent apoptosis. Inflamm Regen 2012. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.32.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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20
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Hirabayashi Y. A world of sphingolipids and glycolipids in the brain--novel functions of simple lipids modified with glucose. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2012; 88:129-143. [PMID: 22498977 PMCID: PMC3406307 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.88.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are present on cell surface membranes and are particularly abundant in the brain. Since over 300-400 GSLs are synthesized from glucosylceramide (GlcCer), GlcCer is believed to only serve as the source of most GSLs, including sialic acid-containing GSLs or gangliosides, in the brain. Recent studies, however, suggest that GlcCer itself plays a role in the heat stress response, as it functions as a glucose donor for the synthesis of cholesterylglucoside, a lipid mediator in heat stress responses in animals. GlcCer in adipose tissues is also thought to be involved in mechanisms that regulate energy (sugar and lipid) metabolism. Our extensive structural study revealed an additional novel glucosylated membrane lipid, called phosphatidylglucoside, in developing rodent brains and human neutrophils. These lipids, all modified with glucose, are enriched in lipid rafts and play important roles in basic cellular processes. Here, I summarize the recent progress regarding these glucosylated lipids and their biosynthesis and regulation in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Hirabayashi
- Laboratory for Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.
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Hirabayashi Y, Guy A, Nagatsuka Y, Greimel P, Nabetani T, Inoue M, Nakata A, Ooashi N, Kamiguchi H. A novel bioactive lipid, Lyso-phosphatidylglucoside as repulsive axon guidance cue in the developing spinal cord. Chem Phys Lipids 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Kina K, Masuda H, Nakayama H, Nagatsuka Y, Nabetani T, Hirabayashi Y, Takahashi Y, Shimada K, Daida H, Ogawa H, Takamori K, Iwabuchi K. The Novel Neutrophil Differentiation Marker Phosphatidylglucoside Mediates Neutrophil Apoptosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5323-32. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kaneko J, Kinoshita MO, Machida T, Shinoda Y, Nagatsuka Y, Hirabayashi Y. Phosphatidylglucoside: a novel marker for adult neural stem cells. J Neurochem 2011; 116:840-4. [PMID: 21306383 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the expression of a novel glycophospholipid, phosphatidylglucoside (PtdGlc), in adult mouse brains. Immunohistochemical analysis with DIM21 antibody, a monoclonal anti-PtdGlc antibody, revealed robust PtdGlc staining in the two primary neurogenic regions of the adult rodent brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) lining the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Intriguingly, the staining pattern of PtdGlc appeared to overlap that of glial fibrillary acidic protein, an adult neural stem cell marker in these regions. Further immunohistochemical analysis revealed that PtdGlc expression on the cell membranes of adult SVZ neural stem cells significantly overlapped with other proposed adult neural stem cell markers. Moreover, PtdGlc(+) cells isolated from adult mouse SVZs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting with anti-PtdGlc antibody efficiently generated neurospheres in cell culture. These cells differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in vitro, directly demonstrating that PtdGlc-expressing cells possessed multipotency. Our data suggest that PtdGlc could be a useful adult stem cell marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kaneko
- Laboratory for Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
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24
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Akiyama H, Hamada T, Nagatsuka Y, Kobayashi S, Hirabayashi Y, Murakami-Murofushi K. A Possible Mechanism of Cholesteryl Glucoside Formation Involved in Heat Shock Response in the Animal Cell Membrane. CYTOLOGIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.76.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Akiyama
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University
| | - Tsutomu Hamada
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
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25
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Al-Rubeai M. Production of Antibody Fab Fragments in Escherichia coli. ANTIBODY EXPRESSION AND PRODUCTION 2011. [PMCID: PMC7121915 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1257-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A phage-display library is the most broadly used platform for preparation of recombinant human monoclonal antibody Fab fragments. Panning is effective for the selection of immunoglobulin genes from naïve and immune libraries. However, it is possible to bypass the phage display system if human peripheral lymphocytes are obtained from seropositive patients with infectious diseases as a source of immunoglobulin genes. Direct screening of bacterial colonies producing Fab fragments by colony blotting using filter membranes is practical for the isolation of human Fab fragments to major antigens of pathogens. An oligoclonal culture can also be used, and is a partial application of Epstein-Barr virus transformation of peripheral lymphocytes. Using these procedures, neutralizing antibody Fab fragments to various antigens can be obtained with a sufficient level of cloning efficacy. Chain shuffling and site-directed mutagenesis are also useful ways to improve the quality of the cloned antibody Fab fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Al-Rubeai
- Dept. Chemical & Biochemical, Engineering, University College, Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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27
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Hamatake M, Komano J, Urano E, Maeda F, Nagatsuka Y, Takekoshi M. Inhibition of HIV replication by a CD4-reactive Fab of an IgM clone isolated from a healthy HIV-seronegative individual. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:1504-9. [PMID: 20162549 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
HIV replication is restricted by some anti-CD4 mouse mAb in vitro and in vivo. However, a human monoclonal anti-CD4 Ab has not been isolated. We screened EBV-transformed peripheral B cells from 12 adult donors for CD4-reactive Ab production followed by functional reconstitution of Fab genes. Three independent IgM Fab clones reactive specifically to CD4 were isolated from a healthy HIV-seronegative adult (approximately 0.0013% of the peripheral B cells). The germ line combinations for the VH and VL genes were VH3-33/L6, VH3-33/L12, and VH4-4/L12, respectively, accompanied by somatic hypermutations. Genetic analysis revealed a preference for V-gene usage to develop CD4-reactive Ab. Notably, one of the CD4-reactive clones, HO538-213, with an 1 x 10(-8) M dissociation constant (Kd) to recombinant human CD4, limited the replication of R5-tropic and X4-tropic HIV-1 strains at 1-2.5 microg/mL in primary mononuclear cells. This is the first clonal genetic analysis of human monoclonal CD4-reactive Ab. A mAb against CD4 isolated from a healthy individual could be useful in the intervention of HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Hamatake
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Mulder J, Spence L, Tortoriello G, Dinieri JA, Uhlén M, Shui B, Kotlikoff MI, Yanagawa Y, Aujard F, Hökfelt T, Hurd YL, Harkany T. Secretagogin is a Ca2+-binding protein identifying prospective extended amygdala neurons in the developing mammalian telencephalon. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 31:2166-77. [PMID: 20529129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Ca(2+)-binding proteins (CBPs) calbindin D28k, calretinin and parvalbumin are phenotypic markers of functionally diverse subclasses of neurons in the adult brain. The developmental dynamics of CBP expression are precisely timed: calbindin and calretinin are present in prospective cortical interneurons from mid-gestation, while parvalbumin only becomes expressed during the early postnatal period in rodents. Secretagogin (scgn) is a CBP cloned from pancreatic beta and neuroendocrine cells. We hypothesized that scgn may be expressed by particular neuronal contingents during prenatal development of the mammalian telencephalon. We find that scgn is expressed in neurons transiting in the subpallial differentiation zone by embryonic day (E)11 in mouse. From E12, scgn(+) cells commute towards the extended amygdala and colonize the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, the interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, the dorsal substantia innominata (SI) and the central and medial amygdaloid nuclei. Scgn(+) neurons can acquire a cholinergic phenotype in the SI or differentiate into GABA cells in the central amygdala. We also uncover phylogenetic differences in scgn expression as this CBP defines not only neurons destined to the extended amygdala but also cholinergic projection cells and cortical pyramidal cells in the fetal nonhuman primate and human brains, respectively. Overall, our findings emphasize the developmentally shared origins of neurons populating the extended amygdala, and suggest that secretagogin can be relevant to the generation of functional modalities in specific neuronal circuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mulder
- European Neuroscience Institute at Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Murate M, Hayakawa T, Ishii K, Inadome H, Greimel P, Watanabe M, Nagatsuka Y, Ito K, Ito Y, Takahashi H, Hirabayashi Y, Kobayashi T. Phosphatidylglucoside Forms Specific Lipid Domains on the Outer Leaflet of the Plasma Membrane. Biochemistry 2010; 49:4732-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bi100007u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kumiko Ishii
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
- Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
- INSERM U870, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Soo JC, Zhang J, He Q, Agarwal S, Li H, Zhang H, Chen P. Surface immobilized cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) facilitates vesicle docking, trafficking and exocytosis. Integr Biol (Camb) 2010; 2:250-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00006j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Oka S, Nagatsuka Y, Kikuchi J, Yokote T, Hirabayashi Y, Hanafusa T, Ozawa K, Muroi K. Preferential expression of phosphatidylglucoside along neutrophil differentiation pathway. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 50:1190-7. [DOI: 10.1080/10428190902934928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Segregation of GM1 and GM3 clusters in the cell membrane depends on the intact actin cytoskeleton. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:388-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Lipid rafts enriched in phosphatidylglucoside direct astroglial differentiation by regulating tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptors. Biochem J 2009; 419:565-75. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20081896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane lipid rafts provide a specialized microenvironment enriched with sphingolipids and phospholipids containing saturated fatty acids and serve as a platform for various intracellular signalling pathways. PtdGlc (phosphatidylglucoside) is a type of glycophospholipid localized in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Owing to PtdGlc's unique fatty acid composition, exclusively composed of C18:0 at sn-1 and C20:0 at sn-2 of the glycerol backbone, it tends to form PGLRs (PtdGlc-enriched lipid rafts). Previously, we demonstrated that PGLRs reside on the cell surface of astroglial cells from fetal rat brain [Nagatsuka, Horibata, Yamazaki, Kinoshita, Shinoda, Hashikawa, Koshino, Nakamura and Hirabayashi (2006) Biochemistry 45, 8742–8750]. In the present study, we observed PGLRs in astroglial lineage cells at mid-embryonic to early-postnatal stages of developing mouse cortex. This suggests that PGLRs are developmentally correlated with astroglial differentiation during fetal cortical development. Our cell culture studies with multipotent neural progenitor cells prepared from fetal mouse telencephalon demonstrated that treatment with EGF (epidermal growth factor) or anti-PtdGlc antibody caused recruitment of EGFRs (EGF receptors) into lipid raft compartments, leading to activation of EGFRs. Moreover, the activation of EGFRs by antibody triggered downstream tyrosine kinase signalling and induced marked GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) expression via the JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) signalling pathway. These findings strongly suggest that PGLRs are physiologically coupled to activated EGFRs on neural progenitor cells during fetal cortical development, and thereby play a distinct role in mediating astrogliogenesis.
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Greimel P, Lapeyre M, Nagatsuka Y, Hirabayashi Y, Ito Y. Syntheses of phosphatidyl-β-d-glucoside analogues to probe antigen selectivity of monoclonal antibody ‘DIM21’. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7210-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ito S, Nabetani T, Shinoda Y, Nagatsuka Y, Hirabayashi Y. Quantitative analysis of a novel glucosylated phospholipid by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2008; 376:252-7. [PMID: 18342611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Building upon the demonstrated presence of a new glyceroglycolipid, phosphatidylglucoside (PtdGlc), in rat embryonic brain tissues, we have developed a method to identify minute amounts of PtdGlc in cultured cells by using nano-flow high-performance liquid chromatography and negative-ion-mode electrospray linear-ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A normal-phase silica gel-based column enabled us to separate PtdGlc from other lipid classes. PtdGlc was identified from its tandem mass spectrometry spectrum and from its retention time in the column. Using an internal standard collection and LC-MS, we obtained the linearity of PtdGlc at a range of 6.3-800 fmol per injection. We applied this method to analyze quantitative changes in PtdGlc in C6 glioma cells after cellular differentiation into GFAP-positive glial cells. PtdGlc in C6 glioma cells consisted exclusively of C18:0/C20:0 fatty acyl chains. Differentiation induced by the addition of anti-PtdGlc antibody plus cAMP in culture medium significantly increased the glycolipid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ito
- Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., 1-24-14 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8717, Japan
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Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and glycoproteins are ubiquitous components of mammalian cell membranes. GSLs are especially enriched in the nervous system and significantly contribute to membrane organization and a variety of cellular functions. Current body of evidence suggests that GSLs along with cholesterol are enriched in discrete membrane domains that associate specific proteins. Current notion of membrane organization is that, the GSL-cholesterol-enriched membrane domains known as 'lipid rafts' float in the phospholipid-enriched bulk of the membrane and regulate the cell signaling by facilitating the lipid-protein/protein-protein interactions. The sizeable literature accumulated during the last decade has provided some insight into the organization and function of rafts; however, they still remain perplexing. In recent years, an appealing concept of lipid raft heterogeneity has emerged. GSL- and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins are considered as the crucial pivots of heterogeneous rafts. This review deals with the enigma of organizational and functional heterogeneity of lipid rafts and discusses the dynamic coalescence of heterogeneous rafts during signaling that can explain the specificity of raft-regulated cellular signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Mishra
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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Yamazaki Y, Horibata Y, Nagatsuka Y, Hirabayashi Y, Hashikawa T. Fucoganglioside alpha-fucosyl(alpha-galactosyl)-GM1: a novel member of lipid membrane microdomain components involved in PC12 cell neuritogenesis. Biochem J 2007; 407:31-40. [PMID: 17608628 PMCID: PMC2267403 DOI: 10.1042/bj20070090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to search for novel components of lipid membrane microdomains involved in neural signalling pathways, mAbs (monoclonal antibodies) were raised against the detergent-insoluble membrane fraction of PC12 (pheochromocytoma) cells. Among the 22 hybrid clones, mAb PR#1 specifically detected a fucoganglioside Fuc(Gal)-GM1 [a-fucosyl(a-galactosyl)-GM1], a ganglioside homologous with GM1a (II3NeuAc,GgOse4Cer), as a novel member of microdomain components with biological functions. In the presence of mAb PR#1 in the culture medium, the outgrowth of neurites was induced in PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with no effects on cell proliferation, suggesting that Fuc(Gal)-GM1 is preferentially involved in PC12 cell neuritogenesis. Effects through Fuc(Gal)-GM1 were different from those through GM1a during differentiation, e.g. under PR#1 treatment on Fuc(Gal)-GM1, round cell bodies with thinner cell processes were induced, whereas treatment with CTB (cholera toxin B subunit), a specific probe for GM1a, produced flattened cell bodies with thicker pro-cesses. Molecular analysis demonstrated that the PR#1-Fuc(Gal)-GM1 pathway was associated with Fyn and Yes of the Src family of kinases, although Src itself was not involved. No association was found with TrkA (tropomyosin receptor kinase A) and ERKs (extracellular-signal-regulated kinases), which are responsible for GM1a-induced differentiation. From these findings, it is suggested that a fucoganglioside Fuc(Gal)-GM1 provides a functional platform distinct from that of GM1a for signal transduction in PC12 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamazaki
- *Laboratory for Neural Architecture, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Horibata
- †Hirabayashi Research Unit, Neural Circuit Research Group, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuko Nagatsuka
- †Hirabayashi Research Unit, Neural Circuit Research Group, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- †Hirabayashi Research Unit, Neural Circuit Research Group, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hashikawa
- *Laboratory for Neural Architecture, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Kitamura Y, Okazaki T, Nagatsuka Y, Hirabayashi Y, Kato S, Hayashi K. Immunohistochemical distribution of phosphatidylglucoside using anti-phosphatidylglucoside monoclonal antibody (DIM21). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 362:252-5. [PMID: 17707337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The immunohistochemical distribution of phosphatidylglucoside (PhGlc) in organs obtained from human autopsy cases was investigated using the DIM21 antibody. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on formaline-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections using the simple stain peroxidase method. The sections were then subjected to antigen retrieval by microwave irradiation in citrate buffer. PhGlc expression was observed in not only the epithelial but also the non-epithelial components of several visceral organs. Squamous and glandular epithelial cells were positive for PhGlc in several organs. The surface areas of the epithelium, particularly the squamous epithelium, were positive. Mesothelial cells were also positive in some organs. Endothelial cells, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells are positive in several organs. Macrophage is positive in many organs. Epithelial cells of the gallbladder were positive, however, the intrahepatic bile ducts were not positive. In the brain tissue, astroglial cells, the chorioide plexus, the pituitary gland, and ependymal cells were positive. Further investigation is indispensable in order to establish a relationship between cell differentiation and PhGlc expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukisato Kitamura
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Field of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishi-chyou 86, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
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41
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Nagatsuka Y, Hirabayashi Y. Phosphatidylglucoside: a new marker for lipid rafts. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1780:405-9. [PMID: 17933468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are functional microdomains enriched with sphingolipids and cholesterol. The fatty acyl chain composition of sphingolipids is a critical factor in the localization of lipids in lipid rafts. The recent studies suggest that lipid rafts are more heterogeneous than previously thought. In addition, our discovery of a new glycolipid, phosphatidylglucoside (PtdGlc), also supports the notion of raft heterogeneity. The complete structural characterization of PtdGlc shows that it consists solely of saturated fatty acyl chains: C18:0 at the sn-1 and C20:0 at the sn-2 positions of the glycerol backbone. This unique fatty acyl composition comprising a single molecular species rarely occurs in known mammalian lipids. Although the structure of PtdGlc is similar to that of phosphatidylinositol, PtdGlc localizes to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and is possibly involved in cell-cell interaction signaling in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Nagatsuka
- Hirabayashi Research Unit, Brain Science Institute, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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42
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Fujita A, Cheng J, Hirakawa M, Furukawa K, Kusunoki S, Fujimoto T. Gangliosides GM1 and GM3 in the living cell membrane form clusters susceptible to cholesterol depletion and chilling. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:2112-22. [PMID: 17392511 PMCID: PMC1877094 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-01-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Presence of microdomains has been postulated in the cell membrane, but two-dimensional distribution of lipid molecules has been difficult to determine in the submicrometer scale. In the present paper, we examined the distribution of gangliosides GM1 and GM3, putative raft molecules in the cell membrane, by immunoelectron microscopy using quick-frozen and freeze-fractured specimens. This method physically immobilized molecules in situ and thus minimized the possibility of artifactual perturbation. By point pattern analysis of immunogold labeling, GM1 was shown to make clusters of <100 nm in diameter in normal mouse fibroblasts. GM1-null fibroblasts were not labeled, but developed a similar clustered pattern when GM1 was administered. On cholesterol depletion or chilling, the clustering of both endogenous and exogenously-loaded GM1 decreased significantly, but the distribution showed marked regional heterogeneity in the cells. GM3 also showed cholesterol-dependent clustering, and although clusters of GM1 and GM3 were found to occasionally coincide, these aggregates were separated in most cases, suggesting the presence of heterogeneous microdomains. The present method enabled to capture the molecular distribution of lipids in the cell membrane, and demonstrated that GM1 and GM3 form clusters that are susceptible to cholesterol depletion and chilling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinglei Cheng
- Departments of *Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology and
| | - Minako Hirakawa
- Department of Neurology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; and
| | - Susumu Kusunoki
- Department of Neurology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
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43
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Abstract
The mammalian central nervous system is organized by a variety of cells such as neurons and glial cells. These cells are generated from a common progenitor, the neural stem cell (NSC). NSCs are defined as undifferentiated neural cells that are characterized by their high proliferative potential while retaining the capacity for self-renewal and multipotency. Glycoconjugates carrying carbohydrate antigens, including glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans, are primarily localized on the plasma-membrane surface of cells and serve as excellent biomarkers at various stages of cellular differentiation. Moreover, they also play important functional roles in determining cell fate such as self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. In the present review, we discuss the expression pattern and possible functions of glycoconjugates and carbohydrate antigens in NSCs, with an emphasis on stage-specific embryonic antigen-1, human natural killer antigen-1, polysialic acid-neural cell-adhesion molecule, prominin-1, gp130, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, cystatin C, galectin-1, glycolipids, and Notch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yanagisawa
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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44
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Horibata Y, Nagatsuka Y, Greimel P, Ito Y, Hirabayashi Y. Sensitivity of phosphatidylglucoside against phospholipases. Anal Biochem 2007; 365:149-51. [PMID: 17383606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Horibata
- Neuronal Circuit Mechanisms Research Group, Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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45
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Prenner E, Honsek G, Hönig D, Möbius D, Lohner K. Imaging of the domain organization in sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine monolayers. Chem Phys Lipids 2007; 145:106-18. [PMID: 17188673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The lateral organization of biomembranes has gained significant interest when the fluid mosaic model was challenged by the model of "lipid rafts". Several lipid classes like cholesterol and sphingolipids are considered to be essential for their formation. Here we investigate the lateral domain formation in binary mixtures of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine. Both are major lipid components of lipoproteins and mammalian cell membranes at various molar ratios. Surface pressure-area isotherms and surface potential-area isotherms of monolayers composed of these lipids clearly indicated non-ideal mixing. In addition, Brewster angle microscopy provided a well-suited approach to image the formation of lateral domains. These images demonstrated that pure sphingomyelin forms very stable finger-like domains that exhibit a distinct internal organization suggesting an anisotropic orientation of the acyl side chains. Similar behavior was found for mixtures containing more than 60 mol% sphingomyelin. With increasing content of phosphatidylcholine the domain size decreased and the surface pressure, where domain formation occurred, increased. At lower sphingomyelin content (30-60 mol%) rather round-shaped, smaller domains were observed. Thus, the potential of sphingomyelin domains as potentially important building blocks for actual domains that could be building blocks for raft formation is suggested, even without the presence of cholesterol. In addition, these observations may suggest a role for the distinct molar ratio of these key lipids frequently found in physiologically relevant particles such as low and high density lipoproteins or the outer leaflet of the human erythrocyte membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar Prenner
- Department of Biological Sciences, 2500 University Drive, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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46
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Kobayashi T, Takahashi M, Nagatsuka Y, Hirabayashi Y. Lipid rafts: new tools and a new component. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:1526-31. [PMID: 16880598 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are liquid ordered membrane domains enriched with sphingolipids and cholesterol. After 20 years since the proposal of the original concept, the structure and function of lipid rafts are still obscure. Recently new tools to study lipid rafts have been developed. Lysenin is a sphingomyelin binding protein that specifically recognizes the lipid clusters. Poly(ethyleneglycol)-derivatized cholesterol ether (PEG-Chol) is a non-toxic cholesterol probe. These probes have revealed the heterogeneity of lipid rafts. The heterogeneity of lipid rafts is further supported by the discovery of a new lipid component, phosphatidylglucoside. Metabolic inhibitors are another useful tool. Sulfamisterin is a new addition to the serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitors. Recent findings have uncovered a previously unrecognized activity of a glycosphingolipid synthesis inhibitor, D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (D-PDMP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN (Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Japan.
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47
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Abstract
The generation and control of cell polarity is a fundamental mechanism for directed migration of the cell. In developing neurons, the axonal growth cone recognizes environmental molecular cues and migrates toward its correct target, thereby forming neuronal networks. The spatial information provided by environmental cues directs axon growth and guidance through generating polarity of intracellular signals and cytoskeletal organization in the growth cone. This polarization process is dependent on lipid rafts, specialized microdomains in the cell membrane. Lipid rafts in specific regions of the growth cone are involved in axon growth and guidance. For example, forward migration of the growth cone requires raft membranes in its leading front. Recent experiments have suggested that lipid rafts function as a platform for localized signaling downstream of adhesion molecules and guidance receptors. The rafts assemble into an active membrane domain that captures and reorganizes the cytoskeletal machinery. In this way, the spatial control of signaling through raft membranes plays a critical role in translating extracellular information into polarized motility of the growth cone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kamiguchi
- Laboratory for Neuronal Growth Mechanisms, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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48
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Yamazaki Y, Nagatsuka Y, Oshima E, Suzuki Y, Hirabayashi Y, Hashikawa T. Comprehensive analysis of monoclonal antibodies against detergent-insoluble membrane/lipid rafts of HL60 cells. J Immunol Methods 2006; 311:106-16. [PMID: 16564536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2005] [Revised: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids and cholesterol are principal components of plasmamembrane microdomains, i.e. lipid rafts. Recent studies revealed the possible presence of a variety of microdomains that distinctly differ in terms of their molecular composition and functions. To understand their precise structures and functions, we produced monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) by immunizing mice to the microdomains prepared from a fraction of detergent-insoluble membrane (DIM) of HL60 cells. Biochemical characterization of the antigen epitopes led to classification of the MAbs into two groups. One group consists of MAbs that react with lipids such as phosphatidylglucoside, lysophosphatidylinositol, and gangliosides (GM1a and GD1b), and the other consists of MAbs that react with proteins such as annexin I, aminopeptidase N and acrogranin. Immunofluorescence staining of HL60 cells with the MAbs, except for the MAbs that recognize lysophosphatidylinositol or annexin I, resulted in patchy-like images of the cell membranes. Interestingly, MAbs belonging to the former group had the potential to induce cell proliferation/differentiation in vitro. Our MAbs against the DIM fraction of HL60 cells can be valuable tools for the study of membrane microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamazaki
- Laboratory for Neural Architecture, Advanced Technology Development Group, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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49
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Nagatsuka Y, Tojo H, Hirabayashi Y. Identification and Analysis of Novel Glycolipids in Vertebrate Brains by HPLC/Mass Spectrometry. Methods Enzymol 2006; 417:155-67. [PMID: 17132504 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(06)17012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids are a major component of microdomains or lipid rafts in biological membranes. A new member of raft glycolipids, phosphatidylglucoside (PtdGlc), as well as 6-O-Ac-PtdGlc, a form of PtdGlc O-acetylated at position 6 of its glucopyranose ring, is present in central nervous system tissues. Because the glycolipids represent a minor constituent of lipid rafts and because their mass numbers are the same as that of phosphatidylinositol (PI), the glycolipids are difficult to detect and purify. Here we describe methods to purify and identify glycolipids from rodent brain and methods to discriminate PtdGlc from PI in chick spinal cord using HPLC/electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Nagatsuka
- Hirabayashi Laboratory Unit and CREST, Neuronal Circuit Mechanisms Research Group, Brain Science Institute RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
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50
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Kawano-Yamamoto C, Muroi K, Nagatsuka Y, Higuchi M, Kikuchi S, Nagai T, Hakomori SI, Ozawa K. Establishment and characterization of a new erythroblastic leukemia cell line, EEB: phosphatidylglucoside-mediated erythroid differentiation and apoptosis. Leuk Res 2005; 30:829-39. [PMID: 16332389 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Revised: 10/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new erythroblastic leukemia cell line (EEB) was established from a patient with early erythroblastic leukemia. The cells had features of immature erythroblasts, including an agranular basophilic cytoplasm and CD36, CD71, CD175s (sialyl-Tn) and CD235a (glycophorin A) expression without CD41 expression, myeloperoxidase activity and platelet-peroxidase activity. The cells were confirmed to be of the erythroid lineage based on expression of the gamma-globin message. They were induced to differentiate into benzidine-positive cells by hemin and delta-amino levulinic acid (delta-ALA). An analysis of cell membrane lipids showed that EEB cells contain a type of glycerolipid, phosphatidylglucose (PhGlc), but not unbranched type 2 chains, i antigens. GL-7 which is a recombinant Fab fragment of GL-2 and binds to PhGlc, induced production of hemoglobin F (HbF) associated with accumulation of the gamma-globin (gamma-globin) message in EEB cells. The GL-7-mediated erythroid differentiation was associated with apoptosis. These results suggest that direct signaling to PhGlc mediates erythroid differentiation and apoptosis in EEB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuru Kawano-Yamamoto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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