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Iranpanah A, Majnooni MB, Biganeh H, Amirian R, Rastegari-Pouyani M, Filosa R, Cheang WS, Fakhri S, Khan H. Exploiting new strategies in combating head and neck carcinoma: A comprehensive review on phytochemical approaches passing through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3736-3762. [PMID: 38776136 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Recently, malignant neoplasms have growingly caused human morbidity and mortality. Head and neck cancer (HNC) constitutes a substantial group of malignancies occurring in various anatomical regions of the head and neck, including lips, mouth, throat, larynx, nose, sinuses, oropharynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, and salivary glands. The present study addresses the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway as a possible therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Finding new multitargeting agents capable of modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR and cross-linked mediators could be viewed as an effective strategy in combating HNC. Recent studies have introduced phytochemicals as multitargeting agents and rich sources for finding and developing new therapeutic agents. Phytochemicals have exhibited immense anticancer effects, including targeting different stages of HNC through the modulation of several signaling pathways. Moreover, phenolic/polyphenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpenes/terpenoids, and other secondary metabolites have demonstrated promising anticancer activities because of their diverse pharmacological and biological properties like antiproliferative, antineoplastic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The current review is mainly focused on new therapeutic strategies for HNC passing through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as new strategies in combating HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Iranpanah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Biganeh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roshanak Amirian
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rastegari-Pouyani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rosanna Filosa
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
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2
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Das F, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Kasinath BS, Sharma K, Choudhury GG. High glucose-induced downregulation of PTEN-Long is sufficient for proximal tubular cell injury in diabetic kidney disease. Exp Cell Res 2024; 440:114116. [PMID: 38830568 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
During the progression of diabetic kidney disease, proximal tubular epithelial cells respond to high glucose to induce hypertrophy and matrix expansion leading to renal fibrosis. Recently, a non-canonical PTEN has been shown to be translated from an upstream initiation codon CUG (leucine) to produce a longer protein called PTEN-Long (PTEN-L). Interestingly, the extended sequence present in PTEN-L contains cell secretion/penetration signal. Role of this non-canonical PTEN-L in diabetic renal tubular injury is not known. We show that high glucose decreases expression of PTEN-L. As a mechanism of its function, we find that reduced PTEN-L activates Akt-2, which phosphorylates and inactivate tuberin and PRAS40, resulting in activation of mTORC1 in tubular cells. Antibacterial agent acriflavine and antiviral agent ATA regulate translation from CUG codon. Acriflavine and ATA, respectively, decreased and increased expression of PTEN-L to altering Akt-2 and mTORC1 activation in the absence of change in expression of canonical PTEN. Consequently, acriflavine and ATA modulated high glucose-induced tubular cell hypertrophy and lamininγ1 expression. Importantly, expression of PTEN-L inhibited high glucose-stimulated Akt/mTORC1 activity to abrogate these processes. Since PTEN-L contains secretion/penetration signals, addition of conditioned medium containing PTEN-L blocked Akt-2/mTORC1 activity. Notably, in renal cortex of diabetic mice, we found reduced PTEN-L concomitant with Akt-2/mTORC1 activation, leading to renal hypertrophy and lamininγ1 expression. These results present first evidence for involvement of PTEN-L in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Das
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Kumar Sharma
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, TX, USA
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, TX, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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3
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Völkers M, Preiss T, Hentze MW. RNA-binding proteins in cardiovascular biology and disease: the beat goes on. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:361-378. [PMID: 38163813 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac development and function are becoming increasingly well understood from different angles, including signalling, transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. By contrast, the importance of the post-transcriptional landscape of cardiac biology largely remains to be uncovered, building on the foundation of a few existing paradigms. The discovery during the past decade of hundreds of additional RNA-binding proteins in mammalian cells and organs, including the heart, is expected to accelerate progress and has raised intriguing possibilities for better understanding the intricacies of cardiac development, metabolism and adaptive alterations. In this Review, we discuss the progress and new concepts on RNA-binding proteins and RNA biology and appraise them in the context of common cardiovascular clinical conditions, from cell and organ-wide perspectives. We also discuss how a better understanding of cardiac RNA-binding proteins can fill crucial knowledge gaps in cardiology and might pave the way to developing better treatments to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Völkers
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg and Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Preiss
- Shine-Dalgarno Centre for RNA Innovation, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthias W Hentze
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany.
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4
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Yang L, Liao J, Huang H, Lee TL, Qi H. Stage-specific regulation of undifferentiated spermatogonia by AKT1S1-mediated AKT-mTORC1 signaling during mouse spermatogenesis. Dev Biol 2024; 509:11-27. [PMID: 38311163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Undifferentiated spermatogonia are composed of a heterogeneous cell population including spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of various spermatogonial cohorts during their self-renewal and differentiation are largely unclear. Here we show that AKT1S1, an AKT substrate and inhibitor of mTORC1, regulates the homeostasis of undifferentiated spermatogonia. Although deletion of Akt1s1 in mouse appears not grossly affecting steady-state spermatogenesis and male mice are fertile, the subset of differentiation-primed OCT4+ spermatogonia decreased significantly, whereas self-renewing GFRα1+ and proliferating PLZF+ spermatogonia were sustained. Both neonatal prospermatogonia and the first wave spermatogenesis were greatly reduced in Akt1s1-/- mice. Further analyses suggest that OCT4+ spermatogonia in Akt1s1-/- mice possess altered PI3K/AKT-mTORC1 signaling, gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism, leading to their functionally compromised developmental potential. Collectively, these results revealed an important role of AKT1S1 in mediating the stage-specific signals that regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonia during mouse spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Yang
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jinyue Liao
- GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hongying Huang
- The Experimental Animal Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Tin Lap Lee
- GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Huayu Qi
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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Jiang J, Ni L, Zhang X, Chatterjee E, Lehmann HI, Li G, Xiao J. Keeping the Heart Healthy: The Role of Exercise in Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:1088-1107. [PMID: 37132606 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Heart failure is often accompanied by a decrease in the number of cardiomyocytes. Although the adult mammalian hearts have limited regenerative capacity, the rate of regeneration is extremely low and decreases with age. Exercise is an effective means to improve cardiovascular function and prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of how exercise acts on cardiomyocytes are still not fully elucidated. Therefore, it is important to explore the role of exercise in cardiomyocytes and cardiac regeneration. Recent Advances: Recent advances have shown that the effects of exercise on cardiomyocytes are critical for cardiac repair and regeneration. Exercise can induce cardiomyocyte growth by increasing the size and number. It can induce physiological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and promote cardiomyocyte proliferation. In this review, we have discussed the molecular mechanisms and recent studies of exercise-induced cardiac regeneration, with a focus on its effects on cardiomyocytes. Critical Issues: There is no effective way to promote cardiac regeneration. Moderate exercise can keep the heart healthy by encouraging adult cardiomyocytes to survive and regenerate. Therefore, exercise could be a promising tool for stimulating the regenerative capability of the heart and keeping the heart healthy. Future Directions: Although exercise is an important measure to promote cardiomyocyte growth and subsequent cardiac regeneration, more studies are needed on how to do beneficial exercise and what factors are involved in cardiac repair and regeneration. Thus, it is important to clarify the mechanisms, pathways, and other critical factors involved in the exercise-mediated cardiac repair and regeneration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 1088-1107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizong Jiang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Ni
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Emeli Chatterjee
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Immo Lehmann
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Kmiotek-Wasylewska K, Bobis-Wozowicz S, Karnas E, Orpel M, Woźnicka O, Madeja Z, Dawn B, Zuba-Surma EK. Anti-inflammatory, Anti-fibrotic and Pro-cardiomyogenic Effects of Genetically Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Enriched in miR-1 and miR-199a on Human Cardiac Fibroblasts. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2756-2773. [PMID: 37700183 PMCID: PMC10661813 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Emerging evidence indicates that stem cell (SC)- derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying bioactive miRNAs are able to repair damaged or infarcted myocardium and ameliorate adverse remodeling. Fibroblasts represent a major cell population responsible for scar formation in the damaged heart. However, the effects of EVs on cardiac fibroblast (CFs) biology and function has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To analyze the biological impact of stem cell-derived EVs (SC-EVs) enriched in miR-1 and miR-199a on CFs and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Genetically engineered human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS) and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) expressing miR-1 or miR-199a were used to produce miR-EVs. Cells and EVs were thoughtfully analyzed for miRNA expression using RT-qPCR method. Both hiPS-miRs-EVs and UC-MSC-miRs-EVs effectively transferred miRNAs to recipient CFs, however, hiPS-miRs-EVs triggered cardiomyogenic gene expression in CFs more efficiently than UC-MSC-miRs-EVs. Importantly, hiPS-miR-1-EVs exhibited cytoprotective effects on CFs by reducing apoptosis, decreasing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (CCL2, IL-1β, IL-8) and downregulating the expression of a pro-fibrotic gene - α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Notably, we identified a novel role of miR-199a-3p delivered by hiPS-EVs to CFs, in triggering the expression of cardiomyogenic genes (NKX2.5, TNTC, MEF2C) and ion channels involved in cardiomyocyte contractility (HCN2, SCN5A, KCNJ2, KCND3). By targeting SERPINE2, miR-199a-3p may reduce pro-fibrotic properties of CFs, whereas miR-199a-5p targeted BCAM and TSPAN6, which may be implicated in downregulation of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS hiPS-EVs carrying miR-1 and miR-199a attenuate apoptosis and pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory activities of CFs, and increase cardiomyogenic gene expression. These finding serve as rationale for targeting fibroblasts with novel EV-based miRNA therapies to improve heart repair after myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kmiotek-Wasylewska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Orpel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Olga Woźnicka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 1701 W Charleston Blvd., Las Vegas, NV, 89102, USA
| | - Ewa K Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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7
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Saha S, Fang X, Green CD, Das A. mTORC1 and SGLT2 Inhibitors-A Therapeutic Perspective for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15078. [PMID: 37894760 PMCID: PMC10606418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a critical diabetes-mediated co-morbidity characterized by cardiac dysfunction and heart failure, without predisposing hypertensive or atherosclerotic conditions. Metabolic insulin resistance, promoting hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, is the primary cause of diabetes-related disorders, but ambiguous tissue-specific insulin sensitivity has shed light on the importance of identifying a unified target paradigm for both the glycemic and non-glycemic context of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several studies have indicated hyperactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), specifically complex 1 (mTORC1), as a critical mediator of T2D pathophysiology by promoting insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, vasoconstriction, and stress. Moreover, mTORC1 inhibitors like rapamycin and their analogs have shown significant benefits in diabetes and related cardiac dysfunction. Recently, FDA-approved anti-hyperglycemic sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have gained therapeutic popularity for T2D and diabetic cardiomyopathy, even acknowledging the absence of SGLT2 channels in the heart. Recent studies have proposed SGLT2-independent drug mechanisms to ascertain their cardioprotective benefits by regulating sodium homeostasis and mimicking energy deprivation. In this review, we systematically discuss the role of mTORC1 as a unified, eminent target to treat T2D-mediated cardiac dysfunction and scrutinize whether SGLT2is can target mTORC1 signaling to benefit patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Further studies are warranted to establish the underlying cardioprotective mechanisms of SGLT2is under diabetic conditions, with selective inhibition of cardiac mTORC1 but the concomitant activation of mTORC2 (mTOR complex 2) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.S.); (X.F.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Xianjun Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.S.); (X.F.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Christopher D. Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.S.); (X.F.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Anindita Das
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Sharma S, Rana AK, Sharma A, Singh D. Inhibition of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Attenuates Recurrent Seizures Associated Cardiac Damage in a Zebrafish Kindling Model of Chronic Epilepsy. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:334-349. [PMID: 34537895 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is primarily linked with the cardiac irregularities that occur due to recurrent seizures. Our previous studies found a role of mTOR pathway activation in seizures-linked cardiac damage in a rat model. In continuation to the earlier work, the present study was devised to explore the role of rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor and clinically used immunosuppressive agent) in a zebrafish kindling model and associated cardiac damage. Adult zebrafish were incubated with increasing concentrations of rapamycin (1, 2 and, 4 μM), followed by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) exposure to record seizure latency and severity. In another experiment, zebrafish were subjected to a standardized PTZ kindling protocol. The kindled fish were treated daily with rapamycin for up to 25 days, along with PTZ to record seizure severity. At the end, zebrafish heart was excised for carbonylation assay, gene expression, and protein quantification studies. In the acute PTZ convulsion test, treatment with rapamycin showed a significant increase in seizure latency and decreased seizure severity without any change in seizure incidence. Treatment with rapamycin also reduced the severity of seizures in kindled fish. The cardiac expressions of gpx, nppb, kcnh2, scn5a, mapk8, stat3, rps6 and ddit were decreased, whereas the levels of trxr2 and beclin 1 were increased following rapamycin treatment in kindled fish. Furthermore, rapamycin treatment also decreased p-mTOR expression and protein carbonyls level in the fish cardiac tissue. The present study concluded that rapamycin reduces seizures and associated cardiac damage by inhibiting mTOR activation in the zebrafish kindling model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Anil Kumar Rana
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
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Lin TY, Chang PJ, Lo CY, Lo YL, Yu CT, Lin SM, Kuo CHS, Lin HC. Interaction Between CD34 + Fibrocytes and Airway Smooth Muscle Promotes IL-8 Production and Akt/PRAS40/mTOR Signaling in Asthma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:823994. [PMID: 35547213 PMCID: PMC9081978 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.823994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The circulating progenitor cells of fibroblasts (fibrocytes) have been shown to infiltrate the airway smooth muscle compartment of asthma patients; however, the pathological significance of this discovery has yet to be elucidated. This study established a co-culture model of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) and fibrocytes from asthmatic or normal subjects to evaluate innate cytokine production, corticosteroid responses, and signaling in ASMCs. Methods CD34+ fibrocytes were purified from peripheral blood of asthmatic (Global Initiative for Asthma treatment step 4–5) and normal subjects and cultured for 5∼7 days. In a transwell plate, ASMCs were co-cultured with fibrocytes at a ratio of 2:1, ASMCs were cultured alone (control condition), and fibrocytes were cultured alone for 48 h. Measurements were obtained of interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, IL-17, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and IL-33 levels in the supernatant and IL-33 levels in the cell lysate of the co-culture. Screening for intracellular signaling in the ASMCs after stimulation was performed using condition medium from the patients’ co-culture (PtCM) or IL-8. mRNA and western blot analysis were used to analyze AKT/mTOR signaling in ASMCs stimulated via treatment with PtCM or IL-8. Results Compared with ASMCs cultured alone, IL-8 levels in the supernatant and IL-33 levels in the ASMCs lysate were significantly higher in samples co-cultured from asthmatics, but not in those co-cultured from normal subjects. Corticosteroid-induced suppression of IL-8 production was less pronounced in ASMCs co-cultured with fibrocytes from asthma patients than in ASMCs co-cultured from normal subjects. ASMCs stimulated using PtCM and IL-8 presented elevating activated AKT substrate PRAS40. Treatment with IL-8 and PtCM increased mRNA expression of mTOR and P70S6 kinases in ASMCs. Treatment with IL-8 and PtCM also significantly increased phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR subtract S6 ribosomal protein in ASMCs. Conclusion The interaction between ASMCs and fibrocytes from asthmatic patients was shown to increase IL-8 and IL-33 production and promote AKT/mTOR signaling in ASMCs. IL-8 production in the co-culture from asthmatic patients was less affected by corticosteroid than was that in the co-culture from normal subjects. Our results elucidate the novel role of fibrocytes and ASMCs in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jui Chang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Lo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Teng Yu
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Min Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-His Scott Kuo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Chyuan Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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10
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Temiz-Resitoglu M, Guden DS, Senol SP, Vezir O, Sucu N, Kibar D, Yılmaz SN, Tunctan B, Malik KU, Sahan-Firat S. Pharmacological Inhibition of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Attenuates Deoxycorticosterone Acetate Salt-Induced Hypertension and Related Pathophysiology: Regulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Hypertrophy in Male Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:355-367. [PMID: 34840266 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present study aimed to explore the contribution of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt-induced hypertension and related pathophysiological changes in cardiovascular and renal tissues. DOCA salt loading resulted in an increase in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean blood pressure along with the activity of ribosomal protein S6, the effector protein of mTOR. Treatment with rapamycin, the selective inhibitor of mTOR, initiated at the fourth week of DOCA- salt administration normalized the systolic blood pressure and attenuated ribosomal protein S6 activity in the heart, aorta, and kidney. Cardiac and vascular hypertrophy, oxidative stress, and infiltration of macrophages (CD68+), the marker of inflammation, were also reduced in rapamycin-treated, DOCA-salt, hypertensive rats. In addition, renal hypertrophy and dysfunction were also reduced with rapamycin-treated hypertensive rats. Moreover, these pathophysiological changes in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats were associated with increased NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, gp91phox (formerly NOX2) expression, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK activities in the heart, aorta, and kidney were minimized by rapamycin. These data indicate that mTOR plays an important role in regulating blood pressure and the development of cardiovascular and renal pathophysiological changes, most likely due to increased NOX expression/activity, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK activity with macrophages infiltration in the heart, kidney, and aorta. Pharmacological inhibition of mTOR and related signaling pathways could serve as a novel target for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Demet S Guden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sefika P Senol
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ozden Vezir
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mersin State Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nehir Sucu
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery; and
| | - Deniz Kibar
- Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey ; and
| | - Sakir N Yılmaz
- Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey ; and
| | - Bahar Tunctan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Kafait U Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Center for Health Sciences, Memphis, TN
| | - Seyhan Sahan-Firat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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11
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Yang L, Zhang Z, Wang D, Jiang Y, Liu Y. Targeting mTOR Signaling in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Complications. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:692-710. [PMID: 35021971 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220111115528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a pivotal regulator of cell metabolism and growth. In the form of two different multi-protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, mTOR integrates cellular energy, nutrient and hormonal signals to regulate cellular metabolic homeostasis. In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) aberrant mTOR signaling underlies its pathological conditions and end-organ complications. Substantial evidence suggests that two mTOR-mediated signaling schemes, mTORC1-p70S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and mTORC2-protein kinase B (AKT), play a critical role in insulin sensitivity and that their dysfunction contributes to development of T2DM. This review summaries our current understanding of the role of mTOR signaling in T2DM and its associated complications, as well as the potential use of mTOR inhibitors in treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Doudou Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
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12
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Chen H, Zhuo C, Zu A, Yuan S, Zhang H, Zhao J, Zheng L. Thymoquinone ameliorates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by activating the AMPK signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:855-867. [PMID: 34953026 PMCID: PMC8817125 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged pathological myocardial hypertrophy leads to end‐stage heart failure. Thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive component extracted from Nigella sativa seeds, is extensively used in ethnomedicine to treat a broad spectrum of disorders. However, it remains unclear whether TQ protects the heart from pathological hypertrophy. This study was conducted to examine the potential utility of TQ for treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and if so, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Male C57BL/6J mice underwent either transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or sham operation, followed by TQ treatment for six consecutive weeks. In vitro experiments consisted of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) that were exposed to phenylephrine (PE) stimulation to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In this study, we observed that systemic administration of TQ preserved cardiac contractile function, and alleviated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and oxidative stress in TAC‐challenged mice. The in vitro experiments showed that TQ treatment attenuated the PE‐induced hypertrophic response in NRCMs. Mechanistical experiments showed that supplementation of TQ induced reactivation of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) with concomitant inhibition of ERK 1/2, p38 and JNK1/2 MAPK cascades. Furthermore, we demonstrated that compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, abolished the protective effects of TQ in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Altogether, our study disclosed that TQ provides protection against myocardial hypertrophy in an AMPK‐dependent manner and identified it as a promising agent for the treatment of myocardial hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Chen
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengui Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aohan Zu
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Echocardiography and Vascular Ultrasound Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Liangrong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Qiu Y, Pan X, Chen Y, Xiao J. Hallmarks of exercised heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 164:126-135. [PMID: 34914934 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of exercise in humans on the heart have been well recognized for many years. Long-term endurance exercise training can induce physiologic cardiac hypertrophy with normal or enhanced heart function, and provide protective benefits in preventing heart failure. The heart-specific responses that occur during exercise are complex and highly variable. This review mainly focuses on the current understanding of the structural and functional cardiac adaptations to exercise as well as molecular pathways and signaling proteins responsible for these changes. Here, we summarize eight tentative hallmarks that represent common denominators of the exercised heart. These hallmarks are: cardiomyocyte growth, cardiomyocyte fate reprogramming, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, mitochondrial remodeling, epigenetic alteration, enhanced endothelial function, quiescent cardiac fibroblast, and improved cardiac metabolism. A major challenge is to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms for cardio-protective effects of exercise, and to identify therapeutic targets for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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14
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Górska AA, Sandmann C, Riechert E, Hofmann C, Malovrh E, Varma E, Kmietczyk V, Ölschläger J, Jürgensen L, Kamuf-Schenk V, Stroh C, Furkel J, Konstandin MH, Sticht C, Boileau E, Dieterich C, Frey N, Katus HA, Doroudgar S, Völkers M. Muscle-specific Cand2 is translationally upregulated by mTORC1 and promotes adverse cardiac remodeling. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52170. [PMID: 34605609 PMCID: PMC8647021 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) promotes pathological remodeling in the heart by activating ribosomal biogenesis and mRNA translation. Inhibition of mTOR in cardiomyocytes is protective; however, a detailed role of mTOR in translational regulation of specific mRNA networks in the diseased heart is unknown. We performed cardiomyocyte genome-wide sequencing to define mTOR-dependent gene expression control at the level of mRNA translation. We identify the muscle-specific protein Cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociated protein 2 (Cand2) as a translationally upregulated gene, dependent on the activity of mTOR. Deletion of Cand2 protects the myocardium against pathological remodeling. Mechanistically, we show that Cand2 links mTOR signaling to pathological cell growth by increasing Grk5 protein expression. Our data suggest that cell-type-specific targeting of mTOR might have therapeutic value against pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A Górska
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Clara Sandmann
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eva Riechert
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Hofmann
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ellen Malovrh
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eshita Varma
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vivien Kmietczyk
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julie Ölschläger
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lonny Jürgensen
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Kamuf-Schenk
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Stroh
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jennifer Furkel
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mathias H Konstandin
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Etienne Boileau
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.,Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology and Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.,Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology and Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shirin Doroudgar
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
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15
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Sweaad WK, Stefanizzi FM, Chamorro-Jorganes A, Devaux Y, Emanueli C. Relevance of N6-methyladenosine regulators for transcriptome: Implications for development and the cardiovascular system. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 160:56-70. [PMID: 33991529 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant and well-studied internal modification of messenger RNAs among the various RNA modifications in eukaryotic cells. Moreover, it is increasingly recognized to regulate non-coding RNAs. The dynamic and reversible nature of m6A is ensured by the precise and coordinated activity of specific proteins able to insert ("write"), bind ("read") or remove ("erase") the m6A modification from coding and non-coding RNA molecules. Mounting evidence suggests a pivotal role for m6A in prenatal and postnatal development and cardiovascular pathophysiology. In the present review we summarise and discuss the major functions played by m6A RNA methylation and its components particularly referring to the cardiovascular system. We present the methods used to study m6A and the most abundantly methylated RNA molecules. Finally, we highlight the possible involvement of the m6A mark in cardiovascular disease as well as the need for further studies to better describe the mechanisms of action and the potential therapeutic role of this RNA modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Khalid Sweaad
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Francesca Maria Stefanizzi
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Aránzazu Chamorro-Jorganes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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16
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Cha BH, Jung M, Kim AS, Lepak VC, Colson BA, Bull DA, Won Y. AZD2014, a dual mTOR inhibitor, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Eng 2021; 15:24. [PMID: 34674743 PMCID: PMC8529824 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-021-00276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is one of the most common genetic heart disorders and considered a risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a key regulatory function in cardiovascular physiology and pathology in hypertrophy. AZD2014 is a small-molecule ATP competitive mTOR inhibitor working on both mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes. Little is known about the therapeutic effects of AZD2014 in cardiac hypertrophy and its underlying mechanism. Here, AZD2014 is examined in in vitro model of phenylephrine (PE)-induced human cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and a myosin-binding protein-C (Mybpc3)-targeted knockout (KO) mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy. Our results demonstrate that cardiomyocytes treated with AZD2014 retain the normal phenotype and AZD2014 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in the Mybpc3-KO mouse model through inhibition of dual mTORC1 and mTORC2, which in turn results in the down-regulation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hyun Cha
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Minjin Jung
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Angela S Kim
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Victoria C Lepak
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Brett A Colson
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - David A Bull
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Youngwook Won
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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17
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Zhou Q, Tang S, Zhang X, Chen L. Targeting PRAS40: a novel therapeutic strategy for human diseases. J Drug Target 2021; 29:703-715. [PMID: 33504218 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1882470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kD (PRAS40) is not only the substrate of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), but also the binding protein of 14-3-3 protein. PRAS40 is expressed in a variety of tissues in vivo and has multiple phosphorylation sites, which its activity is closely related to phosphorylation. Studies have shown that PRAS40 is involved in regulating cell growth, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, autophagy and angiogenesis, as well as various of signalling pathways such as mammalian target of mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB), proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase PIM-1(PIM1) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). The interactive roles between PRAS40 and these signal proteins were analysed by bioinformatics in this paper. Moreover, it is of great necessity for analyse the important roles of PRAS40 in some human diseases including cardiovascular disease, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative disease, cancer, diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Finally, the effects of miRNA on the regulation of PRAS40 function and the occurrence and development of PRAS40-related diseases are also discussed. Overall, PRAS40 is expected to be a drug target and provide a new treatment strategy for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody- Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Shengsong Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody- Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Orthopedics Department, Dongkou People's Hospital, Dongkou, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target, New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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18
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Lemay SE, Awada C, Shimauchi T, Wu WH, Bonnet S, Provencher S, Boucherat O. Fetal Gene Reactivation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: GOOD, BAD, or BOTH? Cells 2021; 10:1473. [PMID: 34208388 PMCID: PMC8231250 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a debilitating chronic disorder marked by the progressive obliteration of the pre-capillary arterioles. This imposes a pressure overload on the right ventricle (RV) pushing the latter to undergo structural and mechanical adaptations that inexorably culminate in RV failure and death. Thanks to the advances in molecular biology, it has been proposed that some aspects of the RV and pulmonary vascular remodeling processes are orchestrated by a subversion of developmental regulatory mechanisms with an upregulation of a suite of genes responsible for the embryo's early growth and normally repressed in adults. In this review, we present relevant background regarding the close relationship between overactivation of fetal genes and cardiopulmonary remodeling, exploring whether the reawakening of developmental factors plays a causative role or constitutes a protective mechanism in the setting of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Eve Lemay
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (S.-E.L.); (C.A.); (T.S.); (W.-H.W.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Charifa Awada
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (S.-E.L.); (C.A.); (T.S.); (W.-H.W.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Tsukasa Shimauchi
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (S.-E.L.); (C.A.); (T.S.); (W.-H.W.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Wen-Hui Wu
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (S.-E.L.); (C.A.); (T.S.); (W.-H.W.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (S.-E.L.); (C.A.); (T.S.); (W.-H.W.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (S.-E.L.); (C.A.); (T.S.); (W.-H.W.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (S.-E.L.); (C.A.); (T.S.); (W.-H.W.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
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19
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Davogustto GE, Salazar RL, Vasquez HG, Karlstaedt A, Dillon WP, Guthrie PH, Martin JR, Vitrac H, De La Guardia G, Vela D, Ribas-Latre A, Baumgartner C, Eckel-Mahan K, Taegtmeyer H. Metabolic remodeling precedes mTORC1-mediated cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 158:115-127. [PMID: 34081952 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The nutrient sensing mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and its primary inhibitor, tuberin (TSC2), are cues for the development of cardiac hypertrophy. The phenotype of mTORC1 induced hypertrophy is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of sustained mTORC1 activation on metabolism, function, and structure of the adult heart. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a mouse model of inducible, cardiac-specific sustained mTORC1 activation (mTORC1iSA) through deletion of Tsc2. Prior to hypertrophy, rates of glucose uptake and oxidation, as well as protein and enzymatic activity of glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) were decreased, while intracellular levels of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) were increased. Subsequently, hypertrophy developed. Transcript levels of the fetal gene program and pathways of exercise-induced hypertrophy increased, while hypertrophy did not progress to heart failure. We therefore examined the hearts of wild-type mice subjected to voluntary physical activity and observed early changes in GPI, followed by hypertrophy. Rapamycin prevented these changes in both models. CONCLUSION Activation of mTORC1 in the adult heart triggers the development of a non-specific form of hypertrophy which is preceded by changes in cardiac glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni E Davogustto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca L Salazar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hernan G Vasquez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anja Karlstaedt
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William P Dillon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick H Guthrie
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph R Martin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Gina De La Guardia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Vela
- Cardiovascular Pathology Research Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute at CHI St. Luke's Health, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aleix Ribas-Latre
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Corrine Baumgartner
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristin Eckel-Mahan
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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20
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Riechert E, Kmietczyk V, Stein F, Schwarzl T, Sekaran T, Jürgensen L, Kamuf-Schenk V, Varma E, Hofmann C, Rettel M, Gür K, Ölschläger J, Kühl F, Martin J, Ramirez-Pedraza M, Fernandez M, Doroudgar S, Méndez R, Katus HA, Hentze MW, Völkers M. Identification of dynamic RNA-binding proteins uncovers a Cpeb4-controlled regulatory cascade during pathological cell growth of cardiomyocytes. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109100. [PMID: 33979607 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) control critical aspects of cardiomyocyte function, but the repertoire of active RBPs in cardiomyocytes during the growth response is largely unknown. We define RBPs in healthy and diseased cardiomyocytes at a system-wide level by RNA interactome capture. This identifies 67 cardiomyocyte-specific RBPs, including several contractile proteins. Furthermore, we identify the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 4 (Cpeb4) as a dynamic RBP, regulating cardiac growth both in vitro and in vivo. We identify mRNAs bound to and regulated by Cpeb4 in cardiomyocytes. Cpeb4 regulates cardiac remodeling by differential expression of transcription factors. Among Cpeb4 target mRNAs, two zinc finger transcription factors (Zeb1 and Zbtb20) are discovered. We show that Cpeb4 regulates the expression of these mRNAs and that Cpeb4 depletion increases their expression. Thus, Cpeb4 emerges as a critical regulator of cardiomyocyte function by differential binding to specific mRNAs in response to pathological growth stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Riechert
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vivien Kmietczyk
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Stein
- Proteomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarzl
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thileepan Sekaran
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lonny Jürgensen
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Kamuf-Schenk
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eshita Varma
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Hofmann
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mandy Rettel
- Proteomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kira Gür
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julie Ölschläger
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Friederike Kühl
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Judit Martin
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Shirin Doroudgar
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Raúl Méndez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias W Hentze
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.
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21
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Magadum A, Singh N, Kurian AA, Sharkar MTK, Sultana N, Chepurko E, Kaur K, Żak MM, Hadas Y, Lebeche D, Sahoo S, Hajjar R, Zangi L. Therapeutic Delivery of Pip4k2c-Modified mRNA Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in the Failing Heart. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004661. [PMID: 34026458 PMCID: PMC8132051 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of the risk factors for HF is cardiac hypertrophy (CH), which is frequently accompanied by cardiac fibrosis (CF). CH and CF are controlled by master regulators mTORC1 and TGF-β, respectively. Type-2-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate-4-kinase-gamma (Pip4k2c) is a known mTORC1 regulator. It is shown that Pip4k2c is significantly downregulated in the hearts of CH and HF patients as compared to non-injured hearts. The role of Pip4k2c in the heart during development and disease is unknown. It is shown that deleting Pip4k2c does not affect normal embryonic cardiac development; however, three weeks after TAC, adult Pip4k2c-/- mice has higher rates of CH, CF, and sudden death than wild-type mice. In a gain-of-function study using a TAC mouse model, Pip4k2c is transiently upregulated using a modified mRNA (modRNA) gene delivery platform, which significantly improve heart function, reverse CH and CF, and lead to increased survival. Mechanistically, it is shown that Pip4k2c inhibits TGFβ1 via its N-terminal motif, Pip5k1α, phospho-AKT 1/2/3, and phospho-Smad3. In sum, loss-and-gain-of-function studies in a TAC mouse model are used to identify Pip4k2c as a potential therapeutic target for CF, CH, and HF, for which modRNA is a highly translatable gene therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Magadum
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Neha Singh
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Ann Anu Kurian
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Mohammad Tofael Kabir Sharkar
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Nishat Sultana
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Keerat Kaur
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Magdalena M. Żak
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Yoav Hadas
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Roger Hajjar
- Phospholamban FoundationAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lior Zangi
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
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22
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Lazar HL. Commentary: SGLT2 inhibitors reduce mortality and heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-is metabolic reprogramming the mechanism for these favorable outcomes? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 164:901-904. [PMID: 33812677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harold L Lazar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass.
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23
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Mann PA, Lehrke M. Cardiac substrate utilization in heart failure: Where is the relevance of SGLT2 inhibition? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 164:895-899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Sciarretta S, Forte M, Frati G, Sadoshima J. The complex network of mTOR signaling in the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:424-439. [PMID: 33512477 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) integrates several intracellular and extracellular signals involved in the regulation of anabolic and catabolic processes. mTOR assembles into two macromolecular complexes, named mTORC1 and mTORC2, which have different regulators, substrates and functions. Studies of gain- and loss-of-function animal models of mTOR signaling revealed that mTORC1/2 elicit both adaptive and maladaptive functions in the cardiovascular system. Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 are indispensable for driving cardiac development and cardiac adaption to stress, such as pressure overload. However, persistent and deregulated mTORC1 activation in the heart is detrimental during stress and contributes to the development and progression of cardiac remodeling and genetic and metabolic cardiomyopathies. In this review, we discuss the latest findings regarding the role of mTOR in the cardiovascular system, both under basal conditions and during stress, such as pressure overload, ischemia and metabolic stress. Current data suggest that mTOR modulation may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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25
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Chen G, Li Z, Chen C, Liu J, Zhu W, She L, Huang H, Qin Y, Liu G, Wang J, Liu Y, Huang D, Tang Q, Zhang X, Zhu G. The Molecular Landscape and Biological Alterations Induced by PRAS40-Knockout in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:565669. [PMID: 33489877 PMCID: PMC7821427 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.565669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PRAS40 (Prolin-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa) is a critical protein, which directly connects PI3K/Akt and mTORC1 pathway. It plays an indispensable role in the development of various diseases. However, the relationship between PRAS40 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unclear. Here, our study indicated that high expression of PRAS40 mRNA is a favorable prognostic factor in HNSCC patients by analyzing 498 clinical and mRNA data. Moreover, we confirmed that CRISPR/Cas9 induced PRAS40-knockout would promote colony formation, cell migration, and invasion in several HNSCC cell lines. RNA-seq was employed to investigate the further possible mechanisms involving the above regulations by PRAS40 in HNSCC cells. The molecular landscape contributed by 253 differentially expressed mRNA after PRAS40-knockout was enriched in TGF-beta, PI3K-Akt, P53, mTOR, NF-κB signaling pathway. Partial molecular alternations within these pathways were validated by qPCR or Western blotting. Besides, we found that high expression of PRAS40 in HNSC patients would present more CD8+ T and T follicular helper cells, but less Th17 cells than the patients with low expression of PRAS40. The altered molecular pathways and tumor-infiltrating immune cells might associate with the mechanism of PRAS40 being a suppressor in HNSCC cells, which would provide a potential prognostic predictor and therapeutic target in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhexuan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changhan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li She
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huimei Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuexiang Qin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guancheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Donghai Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Qinglai Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Gangcai Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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26
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Boileau E, Doroudgar S, Riechert E, Jürgensen L, Ho TC, Katus HA, Völkers M, Dieterich C. A Multi-Network Comparative Analysis of Transcriptome and Translatome Identifies Novel Hub Genes in Cardiac Remodeling. Front Genet 2020; 11:583124. [PMID: 33304386 PMCID: PMC7701244 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.583124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the transition from physiological to pathological cardiac hypertrophy remains elusive and largely based on reductionist hypotheses. Here, we profiled the translatomes of 15 mouse hearts to provide a molecular blueprint of altered gene networks in early cardiac remodeling. Using co-expression analysis, we showed how sub-networks are orchestrated into functional modules associated with pathological phenotypes. We discovered unappreciated hub genes, many undocumented for their role in cardiac hypertrophy, and genes in the transcriptional network that were rewired in the translational network, and associated with semantically different subsets of enriched functional terms, such as Fam210a, a novel musculoskeletal modulator, or Psmd12, implicated in protein quality control. Using their correlation structure, we found that transcriptome networks are only partially reproducible at the translatome level, providing further evidence of post-transcriptional control at the level of translation. Our results provide novel insights into the complexity of the organization of in vivo cardiac regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Boileau
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shirin Doroudgar
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Riechert
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lonny Jürgensen
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thanh Cao Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Berlin, Germany
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27
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mTORC1 activation contributes to autophagy inhibition via its recruitment to lysosomes and consequent lysosomal dysfunction in cadmium-exposed rat proximal tubular cells. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 212:111231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Samidurai A, Roh SK, Prakash M, Durrant D, Salloum FN, Kukreja RC, Das A. STAT3-miR-17/20 signalling axis plays a critical role in attenuating myocardial infarction following rapamycin treatment in diabetic mice. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:2103-2115. [PMID: 31738412 PMCID: PMC8463091 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Deregulation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signalling occurs in diabetes, which exacerbates injury following myocardial infarction (MI). We therefore investigated the infarct-limiting effect of chronic treatment with rapamycin (RAPA, mTOR inhibitor) in diabetic mice following myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and delineated the potential protective mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult male diabetic (db/db) or wild-type (WT) (C57) mice were treated with RAPA (0.25 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal) or vehicle (5% DMSO) for 28 days. The hearts from treated mice were subjected to global I/R in Langendorff mode. Cardiomyocytes, isolated from treated mice, were subjected to simulated ischaemia/reoxygenation (SI/RO) to assess necrosis and apoptosis. Myocardial infarct size was increased in diabetic heart following I/R as compared to WT. Likewise, enhanced necrosis and apoptosis were observed in isolated cardiomyocytes of diabetic mice following SI/RO. Treatment with RAPA reduced infarct size as well as cardiomyocyte necrosis and apoptosis of diabetes and WT mice. RAPA increased STAT3 phosphorylation and miRNA-17/20a expression in diabetic hearts. In addition, RAPA restored AKT phosphorylation (target of mTORC2) but suppressed S6 phosphorylation (target of mTORC1) following I/R injury. RAPA-induced cardioprotection against I/R injury as well as the induction of miR-17/20a and AKT phosphorylation were abolished in cardiac-specific STAT3-deficient diabetic mice, without alteration of S6 phosphorylation. The infarct-limiting effect of RAPA was obliterated in cardiac-specific miRNA-17-92-deficient diabetic mice. The post-I/R restoration of phosphorylation of STAT3 and AKT with RAPA were also abolished in miRNA-17-92-deficient diabetic mice. Additionally, RAPA suppressed the pro-apoptotic prolyl hydroxylase (Egln3/PHD3), a target of miRNA-17/20a in diabetic hearts, which was abrogated in miRNA-17-92-deficient diabetic mice. CONCLUSION Induction of STAT3-miRNA-17-92 signalling axis plays a critical role in attenuating MI in RAPA-treated diabetic mice. Our study indicates that chronic treatment with RAPA might be a promising pharmacological intervention for attenuating MI and improving prognosis in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Samidurai
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Room 7020B, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Sean K Roh
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Room 7020B, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Meeta Prakash
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Room 7020B, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - David Durrant
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Room 7020B, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Fadi N Salloum
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Room 7020B, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Rakesh C Kukreja
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Room 7020B, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Anindita Das
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Room 7020B, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
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Quan N, Li X, Zhang J, Han Y, Sun W, Ren D, Tong Q, Li J. Substrate metabolism regulated by Sestrin2-mTORC1 alleviates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in aged heart. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101637. [PMID: 32863202 PMCID: PMC7363709 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrin2 (Sesn2) is a stress sensor for the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. Aging impairs cardiac mTORC1 activation, thereby sensitizing the heart to hypertrophy. C57BL/6 J young wild-type (young WT; 4-6 months), aged WT (24-26 months), and young Sestrin2 knockout mice (Y-Sesn2 KO; 4-6 months) underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for pressure overload. Cardiac expression of Sesn2 decreased with age. At 4 weeks after TAC, aged WT and Y-Sesn2 KO exhibited larger hearts and impaired cardiac function, compared with young WT mice. Augmented phosphorylation of mTOR and downstream effectors; damaged mitochondria and elevated redox markers, as well as and impaired glucose and fatty acid oxidation were observed in aged WT and Y-Sesn2 KO hearts. A pressure overload-induced interaction between Sesn2 and GTPase-activating protein activity toward Rags 2 (GATOR2), which positively regulates mTORC1, was impaired in aged WT hearts. Adeno-associated virus 9-Sesn2 treatment rescued Sesn2 expression, attenuated mTORC1 activation, and increased pressure overload tolerance in aged WT and Y-Sesn2 KO hearts. These results indicated that cardiac Sesn2 acts as a pressure overload sensor for mTORC1. Furthermore, Sesn2 deficiency may cause increased sensitivity to hypertrophy in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhu Quan
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. Tel.: +86 13844803504.
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Weiju Sun
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Di Ren
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Qian Tong
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China,Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 15804300981.
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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Shin HR, Zoncu R. The Lysosome at the Intersection of Cellular Growth and Destruction. Dev Cell 2020; 54:226-238. [PMID: 32610045 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The lysosome is an essential catabolic organelle that consumes cellular biomass to regenerate basic building blocks that can fuel anabolic reactions. This simple view has evolved more recently to integrate novel functions of the lysosome as a key signaling center, which can steer the metabolic trajectory of cells in response to changes in nutrients, growth factors, and stress. Master protein kinases and transcription factors mediate the growth-promoting and catabolic activities of the lysosome and undergo a complex interplay that enables cellular adaptation to ever-changing metabolic conditions. Understanding how this coordination occurs will shed light on the fundamental logic of how the lysosome functions to control growth in the context of development, tissue homeostasis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hijai R Shin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research at the University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Roberto Zoncu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research at the University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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31
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Kubra KT, Akhter MS, Uddin MA, Barabutis N. Unfolded protein response in cardiovascular disease. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109699. [PMID: 32592779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a highly conserved molecular machinery, which protects the cells against a diverse variety of stimuli. Activation of this element has been associated with both human health and disease. The purpose of the current manuscript is to provide the most updated information on the involvement of UPR towards the improvement; or deterioration of cardiovascular functions. Since UPR is consisted of three distinct elements, namely the activating transcription factor 6, the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase; and the inositol-requiring enzyme-1α, a highly orchestrated manipulation of those molecular branches may provide new therapeutic possibilities against the severe outcomes of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadeja-Tul Kubra
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Mohammad S Akhter
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Mohammad A Uddin
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Nektarios Barabutis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
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Sanlialp A, Schumacher D, Kiper L, Varma E, Riechert E, Ho TC, Hofmann C, Kmietczyk V, Zimmermann F, Dlugosz S, Wirth A, Gorska AA, Burghaus J, Camacho Londoño JE, Katus HA, Doroudgar S, Freichel M, Völkers M. Saraf-dependent activation of mTORC1 regulates cardiac growth. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 141:30-42. [PMID: 32173353 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk for heart failure (HF) and sudden death. Deciphering signaling pathways regulating intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis that control adaptive and pathological cardiac growth may enable identification of novel therapeutic targets. The objective of the present study is to determine the role of the store-operated calcium entry-associated regulatory factor (Saraf), encoded by the Tmem66 gene, on cardiac growth control in vitro and in vivo. Saraf is a single-pass membrane protein located at the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum and regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis. We found that Saraf expression was upregulated in the hypertrophied myocardium and was sufficient for cell growth in response to neurohumoral stimulation. Increased Saraf expression caused cell growth, which was associated with dysregulation of calcium-dependent signaling and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content. In vivo, Saraf augmented cardiac myocyte growth in response to angiotensin II and resulted in increased cardiac remodeling together with worsened cardiac function. Mechanistically, Saraf activated mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) and increased protein synthesis, while mTORC1 inhibition blunted Saraf-dependent cell growth. In contrast, the hearts of Saraf knockout mice and Saraf-deficient myocytes did not show any morphological or functional alterations after neurohumoral stimulation, but Saraf depletion resulted in worsened cardiac function after acute pressure overload. SARAF knockout blunted transverse aortic constriction cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and impaired cardiac function, demonstrating a role for SARAF in compensatory myocyte growth. Collectively, these results reveal a novel link between sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis and mTORC1 activation that is regulated by Saraf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Sanlialp
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Schumacher
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leon Kiper
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eshita Varma
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Riechert
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thanh Cao Ho
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Hofmann
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vivien Kmietczyk
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Zimmermann
- Interfacultary Biomedical Faculty (IBF), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 347, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sascha Dlugosz
- Interfacultary Biomedical Faculty (IBF), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 347, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Wirth
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka A Gorska
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Burghaus
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juan E Camacho Londoño
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shirin Doroudgar
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Translating Translation to Mechanisms of Cardiac Hypertrophy. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7010009. [PMID: 32164190 PMCID: PMC7151157 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy in response to chronic pathological stress is a common feature occurring with many forms of heart disease. This pathological hypertrophic growth increases the risk for arrhythmias and subsequent heart failure. While several factors promoting cardiac hypertrophy are known, the molecular mechanisms governing the progression to heart failure are incompletely understood. Recent studies on altered translational regulation during pathological cardiac hypertrophy are contributing to our understanding of disease progression. In this brief review, we describe how the translational machinery is modulated for enhanced global and transcript selective protein synthesis, and how alternative modes of translation contribute to the disease state. Attempts at controlling translational output through targeting of mTOR and its regulatory components are detailed, as well as recently emerging targets for pre-clinical investigation.
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Simpson LJ, Reader JS, Tzima E. Mechanical Regulation of Protein Translation in the Cardiovascular System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:34. [PMID: 32083081 PMCID: PMC7006472 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system can sense and adapt to changes in mechanical stimuli by remodeling the physical properties of the heart and blood vessels in order to maintain homeostasis. Imbalances in mechanical forces and/or impaired sensing are now not only implicated but are, in some cases, considered to be drivers for the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. There is now growing evidence to highlight the role of mechanical forces in the regulation of protein translation pathways. The canonical mechanism of protein synthesis typically involves transcription and translation. Protein translation occurs globally throughout the cell to maintain general function but localized protein synthesis allows for precise spatiotemporal control of protein translation. This Review will cover studies on the role of biomechanical stress -induced translational control in the heart (often in the context of physiological and pathological hypertrophy). We will also discuss the much less studied effects of mechanical forces in regulating protein translation in the vasculature. Understanding how the mechanical environment influences protein translational mechanisms in the cardiovascular system, will help to inform disease pathogenesis and potential areas of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Simpson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John S Reader
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie Tzima
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Schaub T, Gürgen D, Maus D, Lange C, Tarabykin V, Dragun D, Hegner B. mTORC1 and mTORC2 Differentially Regulate Cell Fate Programs to Coordinate Osteoblastic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20071. [PMID: 31882658 PMCID: PMC6934532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56237-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular regeneration depends on intact function of progenitors of vascular smooth muscle cells such as pericytes and their circulating counterparts, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). Deregulated MSC differentiation and maladaptive cell fate programs associated with age and metabolic diseases may exacerbate arteriosclerosis due to excessive transformation to osteoblast-like calcifying cells. Targeting mTOR, a central controller of differentiation and cell fates, could offer novel therapeutic perspectives. In a cell culture model for osteoblastic differentiation of pluripotent human MSC we found distinct roles for mTORC1 and mTORC2 in the regulation of differentiation towards calcifying osteoblasts via cell fate programs in a temporally-controlled sequence. Activation of mTORC1 with induction of cellular senescence and apoptosis were hallmarks of transition to a calcifying phenotype. Inhibition of mTORC1 with Rapamycin elicited reciprocal activation of mTORC2, enhanced autophagy and recruited anti-apoptotic signals, conferring protection from calcification. Pharmacologic and genetic negative interference with mTORC2 function or autophagy both abolished regenerative programs but induced cellular senescence, apoptosis, and calcification. Overexpression of the mTORC2 constituent rictor revealed that enhanced mTORC2 signaling without altered mTORC1 function was sufficient to inhibit calcification. Studies in mice reproduced the in vitro effects of mTOR modulation with Rapamycin on cell fates in vascular cells in vivo. Amplification of mTORC2 signaling promotes protective cell fates including autophagy to counteract osteoblast differentiation and calcification of MSC, representing a novel mTORC2 function. Regenerative approaches aimed at modulating mTOR network activation patterns hold promise for delaying age-related vascular diseases and treatment of accelerated arteriosclerosis in chronic metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theres Schaub
- Clinic for Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Gürgen
- Clinic for Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Deborah Maus
- Clinic for Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Junior Research Group 2: Metabolism of Microbial Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Lange
- Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victor Tarabykin
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Duska Dragun
- Clinic for Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Björn Hegner
- Clinic for Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin, Germany
- Vivantes Ida Wolff Hospital for Geriatric Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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PRAS40 suppresses atherogenesis through inhibition of mTORC1-dependent pro-inflammatory signaling in endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16787. [PMID: 31728028 PMCID: PMC6856095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial pro-inflammatory activation plays a pivotal role in atherosclerosis, and many pro-inflammatory and atherogenic signals converge upon mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Inhibitors of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) reduced atherosclerosis in preclinical studies, but side effects including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia limit their clinical use in this context. Therefore, we investigated PRAS40, a cell type-specific endogenous modulator of mTORC1, as alternative target. Indeed, we previously found PRAS40 gene therapy to improve metabolic profile; however, its function in endothelial cells and its role in atherosclerosis remain unknown. Here we show that PRAS40 negatively regulates endothelial mTORC1 and pro-inflammatory signaling. Knockdown of PRAS40 in endothelial cells promoted TNFα-induced mTORC1 signaling, proliferation, upregulation of inflammatory markers and monocyte recruitment. In contrast, PRAS40-overexpression blocked mTORC1 and all measures of pro-inflammatory signaling. These effects were mimicked by pharmacological mTORC1-inhibition with torin1. In an in vivo model of atherogenic remodeling, mice with induced endothelium-specific PRAS40 deficiency showed enhanced endothelial pro-inflammatory activation as well as increased neointimal hyperplasia and atherosclerotic lesion formation. These data indicate that PRAS40 suppresses atherosclerosis via inhibition of endothelial mTORC1-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling. In conjunction with its favourable effects on metabolic homeostasis, this renders PRAS40 a potential target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Blackwood EA, Hofmann C, Santo Domingo M, Bilal AS, Sarakki A, Stauffer W, Arrieta A, Thuerauf DJ, Kolkhorst FW, Müller OJ, Jakobi T, Dieterich C, Katus HA, Doroudgar S, Glembotski CC. ATF6 Regulates Cardiac Hypertrophy by Transcriptional Induction of the mTORC1 Activator, Rheb. Circ Res 2019; 124:79-93. [PMID: 30582446 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress dysregulates ER proteostasis, which activates the transcription factor, ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6α), an inducer of genes that enhance protein folding and restore ER proteostasis. Because of increased protein synthesis, it is possible that protein folding and ER proteostasis are challenged during cardiac myocyte growth. However, it is not known whether ATF6 is activated, and if so, what its function is during hypertrophic growth of cardiac myocytes. OBJECTIVE To examine the activity and function of ATF6 during cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that ER stress and ATF6 were activated and ATF6 target genes were induced in mice subjected to an acute model of transverse aortic constriction, or to free-wheel exercise, both of which promote adaptive cardiac myocyte hypertrophy with preserved cardiac function. Cardiac myocyte-specific deletion of Atf6 (ATF6 cKO [conditional knockout]) blunted transverse aortic constriction and exercise-induced cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and impaired cardiac function, demonstrating a role for ATF6 in compensatory myocyte growth. Transcript profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation identified RHEB (Ras homologue enriched in brain) as an ATF6 target gene in the heart. RHEB is an activator of mTORC1 (mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1), a major inducer of protein synthesis and subsequent cell growth. Both transverse aortic constriction and exercise upregulated RHEB, activated mTORC1, and induced cardiac hypertrophy in wild type mouse hearts but not in ATF6 cKO hearts. Mechanistically, knockdown of ATF6 in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes blocked phenylephrine- and IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor 1)-mediated RHEB induction, mTORC1 activation, and myocyte growth, all of which were restored by ectopic RHEB expression. Moreover, adeno-associated virus 9- RHEB restored cardiac growth to ATF6 cKO mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction. Finally, ATF6 induced RHEB in response to growth factors, but not in response to other activators of ATF6 that do not induce growth, indicating that ATF6 target gene induction is stress specific. CONCLUSIONS Compensatory cardiac hypertrophy activates ER stress and ATF6, which induces RHEB and activates mTORC1. Thus, ATF6 is a previously unrecognized link between growth stimuli and mTORC1-mediated cardiac growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Blackwood
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (E.A.B., C.H., M.S.D., A.S.B., A.S., W.S., A.A., D.J.T., F.W.K., C.C.G.)
| | - Christoph Hofmann
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (E.A.B., C.H., M.S.D., A.S.B., A.S., W.S., A.A., D.J.T., F.W.K., C.C.G.).,Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.H., O.J.M., H.A.K., S.D.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg (C.H., O.J.M., T.J., C.D., H.A.K., S.D.)
| | - Michelle Santo Domingo
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (E.A.B., C.H., M.S.D., A.S.B., A.S., W.S., A.A., D.J.T., F.W.K., C.C.G.)
| | - Alina S Bilal
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (E.A.B., C.H., M.S.D., A.S.B., A.S., W.S., A.A., D.J.T., F.W.K., C.C.G.)
| | - Anup Sarakki
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (E.A.B., C.H., M.S.D., A.S.B., A.S., W.S., A.A., D.J.T., F.W.K., C.C.G.)
| | - Winston Stauffer
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (E.A.B., C.H., M.S.D., A.S.B., A.S., W.S., A.A., D.J.T., F.W.K., C.C.G.)
| | - Adrian Arrieta
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (E.A.B., C.H., M.S.D., A.S.B., A.S., W.S., A.A., D.J.T., F.W.K., C.C.G.)
| | - Donna J Thuerauf
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (E.A.B., C.H., M.S.D., A.S.B., A.S., W.S., A.A., D.J.T., F.W.K., C.C.G.)
| | - Fred W Kolkhorst
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (E.A.B., C.H., M.S.D., A.S.B., A.S., W.S., A.A., D.J.T., F.W.K., C.C.G.)
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.H., O.J.M., H.A.K., S.D.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg (C.H., O.J.M., T.J., C.D., H.A.K., S.D.).,Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Germany, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (O.J.M.)
| | - Tobias Jakobi
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.H., O.J.M., H.A.K., S.D.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg (C.H., O.J.M., T.J., C.D., H.A.K., S.D.).,Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (T.J., C.D.)
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.H., O.J.M., H.A.K., S.D.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg (C.H., O.J.M., T.J., C.D., H.A.K., S.D.).,Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (T.J., C.D.)
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.H., O.J.M., H.A.K., S.D.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg (C.H., O.J.M., T.J., C.D., H.A.K., S.D.)
| | - Shirin Doroudgar
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.H., O.J.M., H.A.K., S.D.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg (C.H., O.J.M., T.J., C.D., H.A.K., S.D.)
| | - Christopher C Glembotski
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (E.A.B., C.H., M.S.D., A.S.B., A.S., W.S., A.A., D.J.T., F.W.K., C.C.G.)
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Sciarretta S, Forte M, Frati G, Sadoshima J. New Insights Into the Role of mTOR Signaling in the Cardiovascular System. Circ Res 2019; 122:489-505. [PMID: 29420210 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is a master regulator of several crucial cellular processes, including protein synthesis, cellular growth, proliferation, autophagy, lysosomal function, and cell metabolism. mTOR interacts with specific adaptor proteins to form 2 multiprotein complexes, called mTORC1 (mTOR complex 1) and mTORC2 (mTOR complex 2). In the cardiovascular system, the mTOR pathway regulates both physiological and pathological processes in the heart. It is needed for embryonic cardiovascular development and for maintaining cardiac homeostasis in postnatal life. Studies involving mTOR loss-of-function models revealed that mTORC1 activation is indispensable for the development of adaptive cardiac hypertrophy in response to mechanical overload. mTORC2 is also required for normal cardiac physiology and ensures cardiomyocyte survival in response to pressure overload. However, partial genetic or pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 reduces cardiac remodeling and heart failure in response to pressure overload and chronic myocardial infarction. In addition, mTORC1 blockade reduces cardiac derangements induced by genetic and metabolic disorders and has been reported to extend life span in mice. These studies suggest that pharmacological targeting of mTOR may represent a therapeutic strategy to confer cardioprotection, although clinical evidence in support of this notion is still scarce. This review summarizes and discusses the new evidence on the pathophysiological role of mTOR signaling in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Sciarretta
- From the Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy (S.S., G.F.); Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (S.S., M.F., G.F.); and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (J.S.)
| | - Maurizio Forte
- From the Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy (S.S., G.F.); Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (S.S., M.F., G.F.); and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (J.S.)
| | - Giacomo Frati
- From the Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy (S.S., G.F.); Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (S.S., M.F., G.F.); and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (J.S.)
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- From the Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy (S.S., G.F.); Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (S.S., M.F., G.F.); and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (J.S.).
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39
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Murugan AK, Liu R, Xing M. Identification and characterization of two novel oncogenic mTOR mutations. Oncogene 2019; 38:5211-5226. [PMID: 30918329 PMCID: PMC6597304 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is often aberrantly activated, particularly when genetically altered, in human cancers. mTOR inhibitors targeting the activated mTOR signaling are highly promising anti-cancer drugs. Knowing the activating genetic change in mTOR can help guide the use of mTOR inhibitors for cancer treatment. This study was conducted to identify and characterize novel oncogenic mTOR mutations that can potentially be therapeutic targets in human cancer. We sequenced 30 exons of the mTOR gene in 12 thyroid cancer cell lines, 3 melanoma cell lines, 20 anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) tumors, and 23 melanoma tumors and functionally characterized the identified novel mTOR mutations in vitro and in vivo. We identified a novel point mutation A1256G in ATC cell line and G7076A in melanoma tumor in exon 9 and exon 51 of the mTOR gene, respectively. Over-expression of the corresponding mTOR mutants H419R and G2359E created through induced mutagenesis showed markedly elevated protein kinase activities associated with the activation of mTOR/p70S6K signaling in HEK293T cells. Stable expression of the two mTOR mutants in NIH3T3 cells strongly activated the mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway and induced morphologic transformation, cell focus formation, anchorage-independent cell growth, and invasion. Inoculation of these mutant-expressing cells in athymic nude mice induced rapid tumor development, showing their driving oncogenicity. We also demonstrated that transfection with the novel mutants conferred cells high sensitivities to the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus. We speculate that human cancers harboring these mTOR mutations, such as ATC and melanoma, may be effectively treated with inhibitors targeting mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avaniyapuram Kannan Murugan
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Rengyun Liu
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Mingzhao Xing
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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40
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Beaumont C, Walsh‐Wilkinson É, Drolet M, Roussel É, Melançon N, Fortier É, Harpin G, Beaudoin J, Arsenault M, Couet J. Testosterone deficiency reduces cardiac hypertrophy in a rat model of severe volume overload. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14088. [PMID: 31054220 PMCID: PMC6499867 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to characterize if the development of cardiac hypertrophy (CH) caused by severe left ventricle (LV) volume overload (VO) from chronic aortic valve regurgitation (AR) in male rats was influenced by androgens. We studied Wistar rats with/without orchiectomy (Ocx) either sham-operated (S) or with severe AR for 26 weeks. Loss of testosterone induced by Ocx decreased general body growth. Cardiac hypertrophy resulting from AR was relatively more important in intact (non-Ocx) animals than in Ocx ones compared to their respective S group (60% vs. 40%; P = 0.019). The intact AR group had more LV dilation, end-diastolic LV diameter being increased by 37% over S group and by 17% in AROcx rats (P < 0.0001). Fractional shortening (an index of systolic function) decreased only by 15% in AROcx compared to 26% for intact AR animals (P = 0.029). Changes in LV gene expression resulting from CH were more marked in intact rats than in AROcx animals, especially for genes linked to extracellular matrix remodeling and energy metabolism. The ratio of hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity over hexokinase activity, an index of the shift of myocardial substrate use toward glucose from the preferred fatty acids, was significantly decreased in the AR group but not in AROcx. Finally, pJnk2 LV protein content was more abundant in AR than in AROcx rats, indicating decreased activation of this stress pathway in the absence of androgens. In summary, testosterone deficiency in rats with severe LV VO resulted in less CH and a normalization of the LV gene expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Beaumont
- Groupe de recherche sur les valvulopathiesCentre de RechercheInstitut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuébecUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
| | - Élisabeth Walsh‐Wilkinson
- Groupe de recherche sur les valvulopathiesCentre de RechercheInstitut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuébecUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
| | - Marie‐Claude Drolet
- Groupe de recherche sur les valvulopathiesCentre de RechercheInstitut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuébecUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
| | - Élise Roussel
- Groupe de recherche sur les valvulopathiesCentre de RechercheInstitut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuébecUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
| | - Nicolas Melançon
- Groupe de recherche sur les valvulopathiesCentre de RechercheInstitut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuébecUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
| | - Émile Fortier
- Groupe de recherche sur les valvulopathiesCentre de RechercheInstitut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuébecUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
| | - Geneviève Harpin
- Groupe de recherche sur les valvulopathiesCentre de RechercheInstitut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuébecUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
| | - Jonathan Beaudoin
- Groupe de recherche sur les valvulopathiesCentre de RechercheInstitut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuébecUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
| | - Marie Arsenault
- Groupe de recherche sur les valvulopathiesCentre de RechercheInstitut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuébecUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
| | - Jacques Couet
- Groupe de recherche sur les valvulopathiesCentre de RechercheInstitut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuébecUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
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41
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Loonat AA, Curtis MK, Richards MA, Nunez-Alonso G, Michl J, Swietach P. A high-throughput ratiometric method for imaging hypertrophic growth in cultured primary cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 130:184-196. [PMID: 30986378 PMCID: PMC6520438 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maladaptive hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes increases the risk of heart failure. The underlying signaling can be triggered and interrogated in cultured neonatal ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) using sophisticated pharmacological and genetic techniques. However, the methods for quantifying cell growth are, by comparison, inadequate. The lack of quantitative, calibratable and computationally-inexpensive high-throughput technology has limited the scope for using cultured myocytes in large-scale analyses. We present a ratiometric method for quantifying the hypertrophic growth of cultured myocytes, compatible with high-throughput imaging platforms. Protein biomass was assayed from sulforhodamine B (SRB) fluorescence, and image analysis calculated the quotient of signal from extra-nuclear and nuclear regions. The former readout relates to hypertrophic growth, whereas the latter is a reference for correcting protein-independent (e.g. equipment-related) variables. This ratiometric measure, when normalized to the number of cells, provides a robust quantification of cellular hypertrophy. The method was tested by comparing the efficacy of various chemical agonists to evoke hypertrophy, and verified using independent assays (myocyte area, transcripts of markers). The method's high resolving power and wide dynamic range were confirmed by the ability to generate concentration-response curves, track the time-course of hypertrophic responses with fine temporal resolution, describe drug/agonist interactions, and screen for novel anti-hypertrophic agents. The method can be implemented as an end-point in protocols investigating hypertrophy, and is compatible with automated plate-reader platforms for generating high-throughput data, thereby reducing investigator-bias. Finally, the computationally-minimal workflow required for obtaining measurements makes the method simple to implement in most laboratories. Maladaptive hypertrophy of myocytes can lead to heart failure. Common methods for tracking growth in cultured myocytes are inadequate. We design and test a method for tracking myocyte hypertrophy in vitro. The method provides a ratiometric index of growth for high throughput analyses. Using the method, we characterize further details of (anti)hypertrophic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminah A Loonat
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - M Kate Curtis
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Richards
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Graciela Nunez-Alonso
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Michl
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Pawel Swietach
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom.
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42
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Kmietczyk V, Riechert E, Kalinski L, Boileau E, Malovrh E, Malone B, Gorska A, Hofmann C, Varma E, Jürgensen L, Kamuf-Schenk V, Altmüller J, Tappu R, Busch M, Most P, Katus HA, Dieterich C, Völkers M. m 6A-mRNA methylation regulates cardiac gene expression and cellular growth. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201800233. [PMID: 30967445 PMCID: PMC6458851 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Conceptually similar to modifications of DNA, mRNAs undergo chemical modifications, which can affect their activity, localization, and stability. The most prevalent internal modification in mRNA is the methylation of adenosine at the N6-position (m6A). This returns mRNA to a role as a central hub of information within the cell, serving as an information carrier, modifier, and attenuator for many biological processes. Still, the precise role of internal mRNA modifications such as m6A in human and murine-dilated cardiac tissue remains unknown. Transcriptome-wide mapping of m6A in mRNA allowed us to catalog m6A targets in human and murine hearts. Increased m6A methylation was found in human cardiomyopathy. Knockdown and overexpression of the m6A writer enzyme Mettl3 affected cell size and cellular remodeling both in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that mRNA methylation is highly dynamic in cardiomyocytes undergoing stress and that changes in the mRNA methylome regulate translational efficiency by affecting transcript stability. Once elucidated, manipulations of methylation of specific m6A sites could be a powerful approach to prevent worsening of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Kmietczyk
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Riechert
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Kalinski
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Etienne Boileau
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology and Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ellen Malovrh
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brandon Malone
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology and Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Gorska
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Hofmann
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eshita Varma
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lonny Jürgensen
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Kamuf-Schenk
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rewati Tappu
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Busch
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Most
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology and Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
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43
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Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are building blocks for all life-forms. We review here the fundamentals of BCAA metabolism in mammalian physiology. Decades of studies have elicited a deep understanding of biochemical reactions involved in BCAA catabolism. In addition, BCAAs and various catabolic products act as signaling molecules, activating programs ranging from protein synthesis to insulin secretion. How these processes are integrated at an organismal level is less clear. Inborn errors of metabolism highlight the importance of organismal regulation of BCAA physiology. More recently, subtle alterations of BCAA metabolism have been suggested to contribute to numerous prevalent diseases, including diabetes, cancer, and heart failure. Understanding the mechanisms underlying altered BCAA metabolism and how they contribute to disease pathophysiology will keep researchers busy for the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Neinast
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Danielle Murashige
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
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44
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Haas J, Mester S, Lai A, Frese KS, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Kayvanpour E, Rausch T, Nietsch R, Boeckel JN, Carstensen A, Völkers M, Dietrich C, Pils D, Amr A, Holzer DB, Martins Bordalo D, Oehler D, Weis T, Mereles D, Buss S, Riechert E, Wirsz E, Wuerstle M, Korbel JO, Keller A, Katus HA, Posch AE, Meder B. Genomic structural variations lead to dysregulation of important coding and non-coding RNA species in dilated cardiomyopathy. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:107-120. [PMID: 29138229 PMCID: PMC5760848 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptome needs to be tightly regulated by mechanisms that include transcription factors, enhancers, and repressors as well as non‐coding RNAs. Besides this dynamic regulation, a large part of phenotypic variability of eukaryotes is expressed through changes in gene transcription caused by genetic variation. In this study, we evaluate genome‐wide structural genomic variants (SVs) and their association with gene expression in the human heart. We detected 3,898 individual SVs affecting all classes of gene transcripts (e.g., mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA) and regulatory genomic regions (e.g., enhancer or TFBS). In a cohort of patients (n = 50) with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 80,635 non‐protein‐coding elements of the genome are deleted or duplicated by SVs, containing 3,758 long non‐coding RNAs and 1,756 protein‐coding transcripts. 65.3% of the SV‐eQTLs do not harbor a significant SNV‐eQTL, and for the regions with both classes of association, we find similar effect sizes. In case of deleted protein‐coding exons, we find downregulation of the associated transcripts, duplication events, however, do not show significant changes over all events. In summary, we are first to describe the genomic variability associated with SVs in heart failure due to DCM and dissect their impact on the transcriptome. Overall, SVs explain up to 7.5% of the variation of cardiac gene expression, underlining the importance to study human myocardial gene expression in the context of the individual genome. This has immediate implications for studies on basic mechanisms of cardiac maladaptation, biomarkers, and (gene) therapeutic studies alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Haas
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Mester
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alan Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karen S Frese
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Farbod Sedaghat-Hamedani
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elham Kayvanpour
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Rausch
- EMBL (European Molecular Biology Laboratory), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rouven Nietsch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jes-Niels Boeckel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Avisha Carstensen
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Dietrich
- Strategy and Innovation, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pils
- Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems (CeMSIIS), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali Amr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel B Holzer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Martins Bordalo
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Oehler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Weis
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Derliz Mereles
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Buss
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Riechert
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emil Wirsz
- Strategy and Innovation, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jan O Korbel
- EMBL (European Molecular Biology Laboratory), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas E Posch
- Strategy and Innovation, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
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Bernardo BC, Ooi JYY, Weeks KL, Patterson NL, McMullen JR. Understanding Key Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Protection to Mitigate Disease: Current Knowledge and Emerging Concepts. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:419-475. [PMID: 29351515 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of exercise on the heart are well recognized, and clinical studies have demonstrated that exercise is an intervention that can improve cardiac function in heart failure patients. This has led to significant research into understanding the key mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced cardiac protection. Here, we summarize molecular mechanisms that regulate exercise-induced cardiac myocyte growth and proliferation. We discuss in detail the effects of exercise on other cardiac cells, organelles, and systems that have received less or little attention and require further investigation. This includes cardiac excitation and contraction, mitochondrial adaptations, cellular stress responses to promote survival (heat shock response, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosomal system, endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, DNA damage response), extracellular matrix, inflammatory response, and organ-to-organ crosstalk. We summarize therapeutic strategies targeting known regulators of exercise-induced protection and the challenges translating findings from bench to bedside. We conclude that technological advancements that allow for in-depth profiling of the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome, combined with animal and human studies, provide new opportunities for comprehensively defining the signaling and regulatory aspects of cell/organelle functions that underpin the protective properties of exercise. This is likely to lead to the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C Bernardo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Jenny Y Y Ooi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Natalie L Patterson
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
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46
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Fisetin inhibits cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing oxidative stress. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:221-229. [PMID: 30312797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a pathophysiological response to various pathological stresses and ultimately leads to heart failure. Oxidative stress is one of the critical processes involved in hypertrophy development. Fisetin, a small molecular flavonoid, has been shown to have anti-oxidative, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of fisetin on cardiac hypertrophy remains unknown. In our present study, we showed that fisetin inhibited pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, improved cardiac function in vivo and suppressed phenylephrine (PE)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were markedly decreased by fisetin treatment in both hypertrophic hearts and cardiomyocytes. Moreover, fisetin significantly up-regulated the expression of antioxidative genes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Furthermore, co-treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC; ROS scavenger) and fisetin did not have synergistic inhibitory effects on PE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, indicating that the anti-hypertrophic effects of fisetin are mainly associated with the blockade of oxidative stress. Finally, the pro-hypertrophic signaling pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, were found to be suppressed by fisetin after pressure overload and PE treatment. In conclusion, our study revealed that fisetin protects against cardiac hypertrophy and that oxidative stress inhibition may be one of the pivotal mechanisms involved.
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Maity S, Bera A, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Das F, Kasinath BS, Choudhury GG. microRNA-181a downregulates deptor for TGFβ-induced glomerular mesangial cell hypertrophy and matrix protein expression. Exp Cell Res 2018; 364:5-15. [PMID: 29397070 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TGFβ contributes to mesangial cell hypertrophy and matrix protein increase in various kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy. Deptor is an mTOR-interacting protein and suppresses mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities. We have recently shown that TGFβ-induced inhibition of deptor increases the mTOR activity. The mechanism by which TGFβ regulates deptor expression is not known. Here we identify deptor as a target of the microRNA-181a. We show that in mesangial cells, TGFβ increases the expression of miR-181a to downregulate deptor. Decrease in deptor augments mTORC2 activity, resulting in phosphorylation/activation of Akt kinase. Akt promotes inactivating phosphorylation of PRAS40 and tuberin, leading to stimulation of mTORC1. miR-181a-mimic increased mTORC1 and C2 activities, while anti-miR-181a inhibited them. mTORC1 controls protein synthesis via phosphorylation of translation initiation and elongation suppressors 4EBP-1 and eEF2 kinase. TGFβ-stimulated miR-181a increased the phosphorylation of 4EBP-1 and eEF2 kinase, resulting in their inactivation. miR-181a-dependent inactivation of eEF2 kinase caused dephosphorylation of eEF2. Consequently, miR-181a-mimic increased protein synthesis and hypertrophy of mesangial cells similar to TGFβ. Anti-miR-181a blocked these events in a deptor-dependent manner. Finally, TGFβ-miR-181a-driven deptor downregulation increased the expression of fibronectin. Our results identify a novel mechanism involving miR-181a-driven deptor downregulation, which contributes to mesangial cell pathologies in renal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Maity
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Amit Bera
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Nandini Ghosh-Choudhury
- VA Biomedical Laboratory Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States; Department of Pathology, UT Health San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Falguni Das
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, TX, United States; VA Biomedical Laboratory Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Balakuntalam S Kasinath
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, TX, United States; VA Biomedical Laboratory Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, TX, United States; VA Biomedical Laboratory Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Research Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States.
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Sacchi V, Wang BJ, Kubli D, Martinez AS, Jin JK, Alvarez R, Hariharan N, Glembotski C, Uchida T, Malter JS, Yang Y, Gross P, Zhang C, Houser S, Rota M, Sussman MA. Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase 1 Regulates Ca 2+ Handling by Modulating Sarco(Endo)Plasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase and Na 2+/Ca 2+ Exchanger 1 Protein Levels and Function. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e006837. [PMID: 29018025 PMCID: PMC5721875 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant Ca2+ handling is a prominent feature of heart failure. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for aberrant Ca2+ handling is essential for the development of strategies to blunt pathological changes in calcium dynamics. The peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase peptidyl-prolyl isomerase 1 (Pin1) is a critical mediator of myocardial hypertrophy development and cardiac progenitor cell cycle. However, the influence of Pin1 on calcium cycling regulation has not been explored. On the basis of these findings, the aim of this study is to define Pin1 as a novel modulator of Ca2+ handling, with implications for improving myocardial contractility and potential for ameliorating development of heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Pin1 gene deletion or pharmacological inhibition delays cytosolic Ca2+ decay in isolated cardiomyocytes. Paradoxically, reduced Pin1 activity correlates with increased sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a) and Na2+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 protein levels. However, SERCA2a ATPase activity and calcium reuptake were reduced in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes isolated from Pin1-deficient hearts, suggesting that Pin1 influences SERCA2a function. SERCA2a and Na2+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 associated with Pin1, as revealed by proximity ligation assay in myocardial tissue sections, indicating that regulation of Ca2+ handling within cardiomyocytes is likely influenced through Pin1 interaction with SERCA2a and Na2+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 proteins. CONCLUSIONS Pin1 serves as a modulator of SERCA2a and Na2+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 Ca2+ handling proteins, with loss of function resulting in impaired cardiomyocyte relaxation, setting the stage for subsequent investigations to assess Pin1 dysregulation and modulation in the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sacchi
- The San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Bingyan J Wang
- The San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Dieter Kubli
- The San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Alexander S Martinez
- The San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Jung-Kang Jin
- The San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- The San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Christopher Glembotski
- The San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Takafumi Uchida
- Molecular Enzymology, Department of Molecular Cell Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - James S Malter
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yijun Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Polina Gross
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Steven Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marcello Rota
- Department of Physiology, Basic Science Building New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Mark A Sussman
- The San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
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Zhou N, Ma B, Stoll S, Hays TT, Qiu H. The valosin-containing protein is a novel repressor of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by pressure overload. Aging Cell 2017; 16:1168-1179. [PMID: 28799247 PMCID: PMC5595673 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for heart failure. Regression of LVH has emerged as a major goal in the treatment of hypertensive patients. Here, we tested our hypothesis that the valosin‐containing protein (VCP), an ATPase associate protein, is a novel repressor of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy under the pressure overload stress. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was determined by echocardiography in 4‐month male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) vs. age‐matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. VCP expression was found to be significantly downregulated in the left ventricle (LV) tissues from SHRs vs. WKY rats. Pressure overload was induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in wild‐type (WT) mice. At the end of 2 weeks, mice with TAC developed significant LVH whereas the cardiac function remained unchanged. A significant reduction of VCP at both the mRNA and protein levels in hypertrophic LV tissue was found in TAC WT mice compared to sham controls. Valosin‐containing protein VCP expression was also observed to be time‐ and dose‐dependently reduced in vitro in isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes upon the treatment of angiotensin II. Conversely, transgenic (TG) mice with cardiac‐specific overexpression of VCP showed a significant repression in TAC‐induced LVH vs. litter‐matched WT controls upon 2‐week TAC. TAC‐induced activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling observed in WT mice LVs was also significantly blunted in VCP TG mice. In conclusion, VCP acts as a novel repressor that is able to prevent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy from pressure overload by modulating the mTORC1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhou
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Division of Physiology; Department of Basic Sciences; School of Medicine; Loma Linda University; Loma Linda CA USA
| | - Ben Ma
- Division of Physiology; Department of Basic Sciences; School of Medicine; Loma Linda University; Loma Linda CA USA
| | - Shaunrick Stoll
- Division of Physiology; Department of Basic Sciences; School of Medicine; Loma Linda University; Loma Linda CA USA
| | - Tristan T. Hays
- Division of Physiology; Department of Basic Sciences; School of Medicine; Loma Linda University; Loma Linda CA USA
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Division of Physiology; Department of Basic Sciences; School of Medicine; Loma Linda University; Loma Linda CA USA
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50
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Zhu G, Qi Q, Havel JJ, Li Z, Du Y, Zhang X, Fu H. PRAS40 promotes NF-κB transcriptional activity through association with p65. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e381. [PMID: 28945219 PMCID: PMC5623906 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PRAS40 has been shown to have a crucial role in the repression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Nonetheless, PRAS40 appears to have an oncogenic function in cancer cells. Whether PRAS40 mediates signaling independent of mTOR inhibition in cancer cells remains elusive. Here PRAS40 overexpression in lung adenocarcinoma and cutaneous melanoma was significantly correlated to worse prognosis. And we identified an unexpected role for PRAS40 in the regulation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling. P65, a subunit of the NF-κB transcription factor complex, was confirmed to associate with PRAS40 by glutathione S-transferase co-precipitation. Importantly, we found that PRAS40 can enhance NF-κB transcriptional activity in a manner dependent upon PRAS40–P65 association. Furthermore, we found that a small p65-derived peptide can disrupt the PRAS40–P65 association and significantly decrease NF-κB transcriptional activity. These findings may help elucidate the pleiotropic functions of PRAS40 in cells and suggest a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer patients with high expression of PRAS40 and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Q Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J J Havel
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Z Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Y Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - H Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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